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DZEM - Wikipedia

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searchaux" style="display:none">Radio station in Metro Manila, Philippines</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the Polish rock and blues band, see <a href="/wiki/D%C5%BCem" title="Dżem">Dżem</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night 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.ib-radio-station-logo img{background-color:#f8f9fa}.mw-parser-output .ib-radio-station .infobox-above{font-size:100%;background-color:#bfdfff;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-radio-station-embed-header .infobox-header{font-size:100%;background-color:#bfdfff}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ib-radio-station .infobox-header{background-color:hsl(0,0%,10%);color:inherit}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ib-radio-station .infobox-above,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ib-radio-station-embed-header .infobox-header{background-color:hsl(210,100%,10%);color:inherit}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ib-radio-station-infobox-header{background-color:hsl(0,0%,10%);color:inherit}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ib-radio-station .infobox-above,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ib-radio-station-embed-header .infobox-header{background-color:hsl(210,100%,10%);color:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard ib-radio-station"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">INC Radio (DZEM)</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="ib-radio-station-logo" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Dzem954.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Dzem954.png/175px-Dzem954.png" decoding="async" width="175" height="175" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Dzem954.png/263px-Dzem954.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Dzem954.png/350px-Dzem954.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header notheme"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Quezon_City" title="Quezon City">Quezon City</a></li><li>Philippines</li></ul></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Broadcast area</th><td class="infobox-data label"><a href="/wiki/Mega_Manila" title="Mega Manila">Mega Manila</a> and surrounding areas</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Frequency" title="Frequency">Frequency</a></th><td class="infobox-data">954 <a href="/wiki/KHz" class="mw-redirect" title="KHz">kHz</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Branding</th><td class="infobox-data">INC Radio DZEM 954</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header notheme">Programming</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Language</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Filipino_language" title="Filipino language">Filipino</a>, <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Radio_format" title="Radio format">Format</a></th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/News" title="News">News</a>, <a href="/wiki/Public_affairs_(broadcasting)" title="Public affairs (broadcasting)">Public Affairs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Talk_radio" title="Talk radio">Talk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Religious_broadcasting" title="Religious broadcasting">Religious</a> (<a href="/wiki/Iglesia_ni_Cristo" title="Iglesia ni Cristo">Iglesia ni Cristo</a>)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header notheme">Ownership</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Owner</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Christian_Era_Broadcasting_Service_International" title="Christian Era Broadcasting Service International">Christian Era Broadcasting Service International</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Sister_station" title="Sister station">Sister stations</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/DZCE-TV" title="DZCE-TV">DZCE-TV</a> (INC TV)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header notheme">History</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">First air date</div></th><td class="infobox-data">February 10, 1969</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Former frequencies</div></th><td class="infobox-data">1520 kHz (1969–1971)<br />1460 kHz (1971–1975)<br />1360 kHz (1975–1978)<br />1422 kHz (1978–1987)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Call_sign" title="Call sign">Call sign</a> meaning</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><b>E</b>raño G. <b>M</b>analo</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header notheme">Technical information</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Licensing authority</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/National_Telecommunications_Commission" title="National Telecommunications Commission">NTC</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Transmitter_power_output" title="Transmitter power output">Power</a></th><td class="infobox-data">40,000 <a href="/wiki/Watt" title="Watt">watts</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header notheme">Links</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://incradio.iglesianicristo.net">http://incradio.iglesianicristo.net</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>DZEM</b> (954 <a href="/wiki/AM_broadcasting" title="AM broadcasting">AM</a>) <b>INC Radio</b> is a radio station owned and operated by <a href="/wiki/Christian_Era_Broadcasting_Service_International" title="Christian Era Broadcasting Service International">Christian Era Broadcasting Service International</a>, the religious broadcast arm of the <a href="/wiki/Iglesia_ni_Cristo" title="Iglesia ni Cristo">Iglesia ni Cristo</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a>. The station's studio is located within the grounds of the Iglesia ni Cristo Central Office complex at No. 1, Central Avenue, Brgy. New Era, <a href="/wiki/Quezon_City" title="Quezon City">Quezon City</a>; its transmitter is located at Brgy. Paliwas, <a href="/wiki/Obando,_Bulacan" title="Obando, Bulacan">Obando, Bulacan</a>. DZEM operates daily from 4:00 AM to 12:00 MN, and 24 hours during International Evangelical Mission.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=DZEM&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>DZEM began its broadcast on February 10, 1969, on 1520 kHz with a power of 10,000 watts. Known for its religious and secular programs, since the late 1970s, it has received various commendations, plaques, and honors from the broadcast industry like the Broadcast Media Council (BMC), now the Kapisanan ng mga Brodkaster ng Pilipinas (KBP); and from the different private and government agencies.<sup id="cite_ref-history_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-history-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>DZEM is also known as the most widely traveled radio station in <a href="/wiki/Metro_Manila" title="Metro Manila">Metro Manila</a> in terms of both frequency and broadcast studio. Its first home was in Barrio Ugong del Monte, Quezon City. On June 3, 1971, it moved to the basement of the Iglesia ni Cristo Central Office in Diliman, <a href="/wiki/Quezon_City" title="Quezon City">Quezon City</a>. Shortly afterwards, it acquired a new frequency, 1460&#160;kHz. On May 10, 1975, DZEM once again moved at the third floor of the Iglesia ni Cristo Development Center Building at Carlos Palanca St., <a href="/wiki/Quiapo,_Manila" title="Quiapo, Manila">Quiapo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Manila" title="Manila">Manila</a>. After a month, it also changed its frequency to 1360&#160;kHz. Then in November 1978, as a result of band adjustments, DZEM had again changed its frequency to 1422&#160;kHz due to the switch of the Philippine AM dial from the NARBA-mandated 10&#160;kHz spacing to the 9&#160;kHz rule implemented by the <a href="/wiki/Geneva_Frequency_Plan_of_1975" title="Geneva Frequency Plan of 1975">Geneva Frequency Plan of 1975</a>. On May 9, 1985, the station found a new home – the third floor of Maligaya Building 2 at 887 <a href="/wiki/Epifanio_delos_Santos_Avenue" class="mw-redirect" title="Epifanio delos Santos Avenue">EDSA</a>, Quezon City. It acquired the frequency of 954&#160;kHz on April 27, 1987 (formerly used by ACWS-UBN to operate <a href="/wiki/DWBC-AM" title="DWBC-AM">DWBC-AM</a>; it later moved to 1422&#160;kHz until 1999), which it still uses today. By 2013, the station officially transferred from Maligaya Building 2 in <a href="/wiki/Epifanio_delos_Santos_Avenue" class="mw-redirect" title="Epifanio delos Santos Avenue">EDSA</a>, to its new home in Barn Studio Building, <a href="/wiki/New_Era_University" title="New Era University">New Era University</a> Campus, #9 Central Avenue, New Era, <a href="/wiki/Quezon_City" title="Quezon City">Quezon City</a>. With the move to its present home, on May 10, 2013, it was formally renamed INC Radio DZEM 954. It has since moved back to the Iglesia ni Cristo Central Office, with the Barn Studio now being used as a campus of the <a href="/wiki/New_Era_University" title="New Era University">New Era University</a> College of Communication. <sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-history_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-history-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>On September 17, 2014, the station officially broadcast an Evangelical Mission on Air, simulcast over <a href="/wiki/INCTV" class="mw-redirect" title="INCTV">INCTV</a> and the internet over incmedia.org, with a later encore telecast for international listeners. INC Radio USA, the US arm of the station, started its broadcasts on October 26, 2014, and on the following day, the station officially transitioned to 24-hour broadcasting after years of 20-hour broadcasts, while also doing the first ever TV-radio simulcast in its history, in celebration of its 45th anniversary; however, DZEM radio continues to operate on a permanent 20 hours daily broadcast via terrestrial radio. </p><p>DZEM celebrated its golden jubilee anniversary in 2019. Beginning in 2020, DZEM began to diversify its broadcasts to include productions from outside its traditional broadcast area. </p><p>In 2024, the <i>INCRadio</i> brand was added to DZEM station identifications on its livestreaming platforms. Previously the brand had been adopted in the 2010s to match those of its TV counterpart. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=DZEM&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Era_Broadcasting_Service_International" title="Christian Era Broadcasting Service International">Christian Era Broadcasting Service International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DZEC-AM" title="DZEC-AM">DZEC Radyo Agila 1062</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eagle_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Eagle Broadcasting Corporation">Eagle Broadcasting Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iglesia_ni_Cristo" title="Iglesia ni Cristo">Iglesia ni Cristo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DZCE-TV" title="DZCE-TV">INC TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DZEC-TV" class="mw-redirect" title="DZEC-TV">Net 25</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DWDM-FM" title="DWDM-FM">Eagle FM 95.5</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=DZEM&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Lm3VAAAAMAAJ">"Summary of World Broadcasts: The Far East (Part 3)"</a>. <a href="/wiki/BBC_Monitoring" title="BBC Monitoring">BBC Monitoring</a>. 1986. pp.&#160;A-18<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 25,</span> 2020</span> &#8211; via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Summary+of+World+Broadcasts%3A+The+Far+East+%28Part+3%29&amp;rft.pages=A-18&amp;rft.pub=BBC+Monitoring&amp;rft.date=1986&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DLm3VAAAAMAAJ&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADZEM" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCarroll1970" class="citation web cs1">Carroll, John (1970). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=dl4DAQAAIAAJ">"Philippine Institutions"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Solidaridad_book_shop" class="mw-redirect" title="Solidaridad book shop">Solidaridad Publishing House</a>. p.&#160;120<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 25,</span> 2020</span> &#8211; via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Philippine+Institutions&amp;rft.pages=120&amp;rft.pub=Solidaridad+Publishing+House&amp;rft.date=1970&amp;rft.aulast=Carroll&amp;rft.aufirst=John&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Ddl4DAQAAIAAJ&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADZEM" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-history-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-history_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-history_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=9RkuAAAAMAAJ">"75 Blessed Years of the Iglesia ni Cristo: 1914-1989"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Iglesia_ni_Cristo" title="Iglesia ni Cristo">Iglesia ni Cristo</a>. 1968. pp.&#160;56, 66, 159<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 25,</span> 2020</span> &#8211; via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=75+Blessed+Years+of+the+Iglesia+ni+Cristo%3A+1914-1989&amp;rft.pages=56%2C+66%2C+159&amp;rft.pub=Iglesia+ni+Cristo&amp;rft.date=1968&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D9RkuAAAAMAAJ&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADZEM" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCantor1968" class="citation journal cs1">Cantor, Marlex (1968). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iglesianicristo.ws/My%20GM/GM-2014/2014-GM-SPECIAL.pdf">"Media and Christian Faith"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Pasugo: May 2014</i>. <a href="/wiki/Iglesia_ni_Cristo" title="Iglesia ni Cristo">Iglesia ni Cristo</a>: <span class="nowrap">52–</span>54<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 25,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Pasugo%3A+May+2014&amp;rft.atitle=Media+and+Christian+Faith&amp;rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E52-%3C%2Fspan%3E54&amp;rft.date=1968&amp;rft.aulast=Cantor&amp;rft.aufirst=Marlex&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iglesianicristo.ws%2FMy%2520GM%2FGM-2014%2F2014-GM-SPECIAL.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADZEM" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">&#91;<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title="&#160;Dead link tagged April 2024">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">&#8205;</span>&#93;</span></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=DZEM&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181022080632/http://www.dzem954.com/">INC Radio DZEM 954 Official Website</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.facebook.com/INCRadio">DZEM</a> on <a href="/wiki/Facebook_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Facebook (identifier)">Facebook</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iglesianicristo.net">Iglesia ni Cristo Official Website</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.incmedia.org/">INC Media Official Website</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Radio_stations_in_the_Metro_Manila_market3367" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style 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abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Metro_Manila_Radio" title="Template:Metro Manila Radio"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Metro_Manila_Radio" title="Template talk:Metro Manila Radio"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Metro_Manila_Radio" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Metro Manila Radio"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Radio_stations_in_the_Metro_Manila_market3367" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Radio stations in the <a href="/wiki/Metro_Manila" title="Metro Manila">Metro Manila</a> market</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By AM frequency</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/DZBR" title="DZBR">DZBR 531</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DZXL" title="DZXL">DZXL 558</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DZBB-AM" title="DZBB-AM">DZBB 594</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DWPM" title="DWPM">DWPM 630</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DZRH" title="DZRH">DZRH 666</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DZAS" title="DZAS">DZAS 702</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DZRB-AM" title="DZRB-AM">DZRB 738</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DWWW" title="DWWW">DWWW 774</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DZRJ-AM" title="DZRJ-AM">DZRJ 810</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DZRV-AM" title="DZRV-AM">DZRV 846</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DWIZ-AM" title="DWIZ-AM">DWIZ 882</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DZSR" title="DZSR">DZSR 918</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">DZEM 954</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DZEC-AM" title="DZEC-AM">DZEC 1062</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DWAD" title="DWAD">DWAD 1098</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DWDD-AM" title="DWDD-AM">DWDD 1134</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DWAN-AM" title="DWAN-AM">DWAN 1206</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DWBL-AM" title="DWBL-AM">DWBL 1242</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DZRM" title="DZRM">DZRM 1278</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DWXI-AM" title="DWXI-AM">DWXI 1314</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DZXQ" title="DZXQ">DZXQ 1350</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DZJV" title="DZJV">DZJV 1458</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DWSS-AM" title="DWSS-AM">DWSS 1494</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DZME" title="DZME">DZME 1530</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DZUP" title="DZUP">DZUP 1602</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DZBF" title="DZBF">DZBF 1674</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By FM frequency</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/DWFO" title="DWFO">DWFO 87.5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radyo_Katipunan" title="Radyo Katipunan">87.9</a><sup>3</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DWJM" title="DWJM">DWJM 88.3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DWAV" title="DWAV">DWAV 89.1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DWTM" title="DWTM">DWTM 89.9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DWJC" title="DWJC">DWJC 90.3</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DZMB" title="DZMB">DZMB 90.7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DWKY" title="DWKY">DWKY 91.5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DWFM" title="DWFM">DWFM 92.3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DWRX" title="DWRX">DWRX 93.1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DWKC-FM" title="DWKC-FM">DWKC 93.9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DWLL" title="DWLL">DWLL 94.7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DWDM-FM" title="DWDM-FM">DWDM 95.5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DWSU" title="DWSU">DWSU 95.9</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DWRK" title="DWRK">DWRK 96.3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DWLS" title="DWLS">DWLS 97.1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DWQZ" title="DWQZ">DWQZ 97.9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radyo_Kontra_Droga" class="mw-redirect" title="Radyo Kontra Droga">98.3</a><sup>4</sup></li> <li>98.4 (Cavite)<sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DZFE" title="DZFE">DZFE 98.7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DWRT-FM" title="DWRT-FM">DWRT 99.5</a></li> <li>99.9<sup>4</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DZRJ-FM" title="DZRJ-FM">DZRJ 100.3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DWYS" title="DWYS">DWYS 101.1</a></li> <li>DWBS 101.5<sup>3</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DWSM" title="DWSM">DWSM 102.7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DWOW" title="DWOW">DWOW 103.5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DWFT" title="DWFT">DWFT 104.3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DWBM-FM" title="DWBM-FM">DWBM 105.1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DWLA-FM" title="DWLA-FM">DWLA 105.9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DWET-FM" title="DWET-FM">DWET 106.7</a></li> <li>107.1<sup>4</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DWNU" title="DWNU">DWNU 107.5</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/HD_Radio" title="HD Radio">Digital radio</a><br />by frequency and subchannel</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/DZMB" title="DZMB">90.7-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DWKY" title="DWKY">91.5-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DWKC-FM" title="DWKC-FM">93.9-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DWKC-FM" title="DWKC-FM">93.9-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DWKC-FM" title="DWKC-FM">93.9-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DWDM-FM" title="DWDM-FM">95.5-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DWRK" title="DWRK">96.3-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radyo_Natin_Network" class="mw-redirect" title="Radyo Natin Network">96.3-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DZRH" title="DZRH">96.3-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DZFE" title="DZFE">98.7-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DZAS" title="DZAS">98.7-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DZRJ-FM" title="DZRJ-FM">100.3-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DWYS" title="DWYS">101.1-1</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Internet</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mareco_Broadcasting_Network" title="Mareco Broadcasting Network">Crossover Online</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Giant_FM" title="Green Giant FM">Green Giant FM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DZMZ" class="mw-redirect" title="DZMZ">iDMZ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MOR_Entertainment" title="MOR Entertainment">MOR On-Line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radyo_Pilipino" class="mw-redirect" title="Radyo Pilipino">One FM Manila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radyo_Pilipino" class="mw-redirect" title="Radyo Pilipino">Radyo Pilipino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quezon_City" title="Quezon City">Radyo QC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rakrakan_Festival" title="Rakrakan Festival">Rakista Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saved_Radio" class="mw-redirect" title="Saved Radio">Saved Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DZST_(defunct)" class="mw-redirect" title="DZST (defunct)">UST Tiger Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WXB_102" title="WXB 102">WXB 102</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Defunct/inactive call signs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/DZMZ" class="mw-redirect" title="DZMZ">DZMZ 89.1</a><sup>2</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DWCD-FM" title="DWCD-FM">DWCD 97.9</a><sup>2</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DZFX" class="mw-redirect" title="DZFX">DZFX 101.1</a><sup>2</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DWST_(defunct)" class="mw-redirect" title="DWST (defunct)">DWST 101.1</a><sup>2</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DWRR-FM" title="DWRR-FM">DWRR 101.9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WXB_102" title="WXB 102">DWXB 102.7</a><sup>2</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DWCS" class="mw-redirect" title="DWCS">DWCS 103.5</a><sup>2</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DWKX" class="mw-redirect" title="DWKX">DWKX 103.5</a><sup>2</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DZWI" title="DZWI">DZWI 107.9</a><sup>2</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DZMM" title="DZMM">DZMM 630</a><sup>2</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DZST_(Manila)" title="DZST (Manila)">DZST 860</a><sup>2</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DZPI" class="mw-redirect" title="DZPI">DZPI 882</a><sup>2</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DWRT-AM" title="DWRT-AM">DWRT 990</a><sup>2</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DZIQ" title="DZIQ">DZIQ 990</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DZAR" title="DZAR">DZAR 1026</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KZKZ_(Philippines)" title="KZKZ (Philippines)">KZKZ 1110</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DZCA" title="DZCA">DZCA 1170</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DWBC-AM" title="DWBC-AM">DWBC 1422</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DZHH-AM" class="mw-redirect" title="DZHH-AM">DZHH 1566</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><sup>1</sup>Transmitting outside Metro Manila.</li> <li><sup>2</sup>Technically still active, but with new call letters and different intellectual property.</li> <li><sup>3</sup>Licensed low-power community station.</li> <li><sup>4</sup>Unlicensed (<a href="/wiki/Pirate_radio" title="Pirate radio">pirate radio</a>).</li></ul> <div class="hlist"> <dl><dt>Philippine radio markets</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Metro_Manila_Radio" title="Template:Metro Manila Radio">Metro Manila</a></dd> <dd>Ilocos &amp; CAR <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Laoag_Radio" title="Template:Laoag Radio">Laoag</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Vigan_Radio" title="Template:Vigan Radio">Vigan-Bangued</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:La_Union_Radio" title="Template:La Union Radio">San Fernando-Agoo</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Baguio_Radio" title="Template:Baguio Radio">Baguio</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Dagupan_Radio" title="Template:Dagupan Radio">Dagupan</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd>Cagayan Valley <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Tuguegarao_Radio" title="Template:Tuguegarao Radio">Tuguegarao</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Isabela_Radio" title="Template:Isabela Radio">Cauayan-Santiago</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Bayombong_Radio" title="Template:Bayombong Radio">Bayombong</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd>Central Luzon <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Cabanatuan_Radio" title="Template:Cabanatuan Radio">Cabanatuan</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Tarlac_Radio" title="Template:Tarlac Radio">Tarlac</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Pampanga_Radio" title="Template:Pampanga Radio">San Fernando-Angeles</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Olongapo_Radio" title="Template:Olongapo Radio">Olongapo-Subic</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd>Calabarzon <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Laguna_Radio" title="Template:Laguna Radio">Western Laguna</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Batangas_Radio" title="Template:Batangas Radio">Batangas-Lipa</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Lucena_Radio" title="Template:Lucena Radio">Lucena-San Pablo</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd>Mimaropa <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Calapan_Radio" title="Template:Calapan Radio">Calapan</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:South_Mindoro_Radio" title="Template:South Mindoro Radio">San Jose</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Palawan_Radio" title="Template:Palawan Radio">Puerto Princesa</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd>Bicol <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Daet_Radio" title="Template:Daet Radio">Daet</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Naga_Radio" title="Template:Naga Radio">Naga-Iriga</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Legazpi_Radio" title="Template:Legazpi Radio">Legazpi</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Catanduanes_Radio" title="Template:Catanduanes Radio">Virac</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Sorsogon_Radio" title="Template:Sorsogon Radio">Sorsogon</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Masbate_Radio" title="Template:Masbate Radio">Masbate</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd>Western Visayas <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Kalibo_Radio" title="Template:Kalibo Radio">Kalibo</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Roxas_City_Radio" title="Template:Roxas City Radio">Roxas</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Antique_Radio" title="Template:Antique Radio">San Jose</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Iloilo_City_Radio" title="Template:Iloilo City Radio">Iloilo</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd>Negros Island Region <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Bacolod_City_Radio" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:Bacolod City Radio">Bacolod</a></dd> <dd>Northeast Negros</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Dumaguete_Radio" title="Template:Dumaguete Radio">Dumaguete</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd>Central Visayas <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Template:North_Cebu_Radio" title="Template:North Cebu Radio">North Cebu</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Cebu_City_Radio" title="Template:Cebu City Radio">Cebu City</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Bohol_Radio" title="Template:Bohol Radio">Bohol</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd>Eastern Visayas <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Template:North_Samar_Radio" title="Template:North Samar Radio">Calbayog-Catarman</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Borongan_Radio" title="Template:Borongan Radio">Borongan</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Catbalogan_Radio" title="Template:Catbalogan Radio">Catbalogan</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Tacloban_Radio" title="Template:Tacloban Radio">Tacloban-Ormoc</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:South_Leyte_Radio" title="Template:South Leyte Radio">Maasin-Sogod</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd>Zamboanga <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Dipolog_Radio" title="Template:Dipolog Radio">Dipolog</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Pagadian_Radio" title="Template:Pagadian Radio">Pagadian</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Central_Zamboanga_Radio" title="Template:Central Zamboanga Radio">Ipil-Liloy</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Zamboanga_City_Radio" title="Template:Zamboanga City Radio">Zamboanga City</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd>Northern Mindanao <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Ozamiz_Radio" title="Template:Ozamiz Radio">Ozamiz-Oroquieta</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Iligan_Radio" title="Template:Iligan Radio">Iligan</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Cagayan_de_Oro_Radio" title="Template:Cagayan de Oro Radio">Cagayan de Oro</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Gingoog_Radio" title="Template:Gingoog Radio">Gingoog</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Bukidnon_Radio" title="Template:Bukidnon Radio">Malaybalay-Valencia</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd>Davao <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Davao_City_Radio" title="Template:Davao City Radio">Davao</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Davao_Occidental_Radio" title="Template:Davao Occidental Radio">Malita</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Davao_Oriental_Radio" title="Template:Davao Oriental Radio">Mati</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd>Southern Mindanao <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Kidapawan_Radio" title="Template:Kidapawan Radio">Kidapawan</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Tacurong_Radio" title="Template:Tacurong Radio">Tacurong-Isulan</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Koronadal_Radio" title="Template:Koronadal Radio">Koronadal-Surallah</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:General_Santos_Radio" title="Template:General Santos Radio">General Santos</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd>Caraga <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Surigao_City_Radio" title="Template:Surigao City Radio">Surigao City</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Butuan_City_Radio" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:Butuan City Radio">Butuan</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Tandag_Radio" title="Template:Tandag Radio">Tandag</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Agusan_del_Sur_Radio" title="Template:Agusan del Sur Radio">San Francisco</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Bislig_Radio" title="Template:Bislig Radio">Bislig-Trento</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd>BARMM <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Cotabato_City_Radio" title="Template:Cotabato City Radio">Cotabato City-Midsayap</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Sulu_Radio" title="Template:Sulu Radio">Sulu and Tawi-Tawi</a></dd></dl></dd></dl> </div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p><br /> <span class="metadata coord-missing"></span> </p> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐7dbbdd594f‐4dxdm Cached time: 20250407084014 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.322 seconds Real time usage: 0.469 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1708/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 57070/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 9726/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 17/100 Expensive parser function count: 5/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 28709/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.172/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 5927307/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 --> <!-- Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 408.084 1 -total 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