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Available in 14 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-14" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">14 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rock_in_Opposition" title="Rock in Opposition – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Rock in Opposition" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rock_in_Opposition" title="Rock in Opposition – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Rock in Opposition" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rock_in_Opposition" title="Rock in Opposition – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Rock in Opposition" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A7%DA%A9_%D9%85%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81" title="راک مخالف – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="راک مخالف" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rock_in_opposition" title="Rock in opposition – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Rock in opposition" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rock_in_Opposition" title="Rock in Opposition – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Rock in Opposition" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A7_%D7%91%D7%90%D7%95%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%96%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%99%D7%94" title="רוק באופוזיציה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="רוק באופוזיציה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rock_in_Opposition" title="Rock in Opposition – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Rock in Opposition" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%AD%E3%83%83%E3%82%AF%E3%83%BB%E3%82%A4%E3%83%B3%E3%83%BB%E3%82%AA%E3%83%9D%E3%82%B8%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A7%E3%83%B3" title="ロック・イン・オポジション – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ロック・イン・オポジション" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rock_in_Opposition" title="Rock in Opposition – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Rock in Opposition" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rock_in_Opposition" title="Rock in Opposition – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Rock in Opposition" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rock_in_Opposition" title="Rock in Opposition – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Rock in Opposition" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rock_in_Opposition" title="Rock in Opposition – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Rock in Opposition" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rock_in_Opposition" title="Rock in Opposition – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Rock in Opposition" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1752801#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> 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</div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" 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class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/RockInOpposition_flyer.jpg/250px-RockInOpposition_flyer.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="326" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/b/ba/RockInOpposition_flyer.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="276" data-file-height="360" /></a><figcaption>Flyer for the 1st RIO festival, 12 March 1978, The <a href="/wiki/New_London_Theatre" class="mw-redirect" title="New London Theatre">New London Theatre</a>, London. The ticket below the flyer reads: "FIVE ROCK GROUPS THE RECORD COMPANIES DON'T WANT YOU TO HEAR."<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p><b>Rock in Opposition</b> or <b>RIO</b> was a <a href="/wiki/Social_movement" title="Social movement">movement</a> representing a collective of <a href="/wiki/Progressive_rock" title="Progressive rock">progressive</a> bands in the late 1970s united in their opposition to the <a href="/wiki/Music_industry" title="Music industry">music industry</a> that refused to recognise their music. It was initiated by English <a href="/wiki/Avant-rock" class="mw-redirect" title="Avant-rock">avant-rock</a> group <a href="/wiki/Henry_Cow" title="Henry Cow">Henry Cow</a> in March 1978 when they invited four <a href="/wiki/Continental_Europe" title="Continental Europe">mainland European</a> groups to come to London and perform in a festival called "Rock in Opposition". </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rock_in_Opposition&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Henry_Cow" title="Henry Cow">Henry Cow</a> spent most of their last five years touring <a href="/wiki/Continental_Europe" title="Continental Europe">mainland Europe</a>. There they encountered many innovative groups who were virtually unknown outside their own countries. What Henry Cow had in common with these groups was that record companies were not interested in their music. Henry Cow's contract with <a href="/wiki/Virgin_Records" title="Virgin Records">Virgin Records</a> was cancelled when Virgin realized the band were not profitable. </p><p>In early 1978, Nick Hobbs, Henry Cow's manager at the time, decided to expose some of these European groups to British audiences and invited them to tour the United Kingdom with Henry Cow under the banner "Rock in Opposition".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPiekut2019368_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPiekut2019368-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With the help of a <a href="/wiki/Pound_sterling" title="Pound sterling">£</a>1000 grant from the <a href="/wiki/Arts_Council_of_Great_Britain" title="Arts Council of Great Britain">British Arts Council</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPiekut2019369_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPiekut2019369-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hobbs organised a Rock in Opposition festival in London with the slogan: "The music the record companies don't want you to hear". The event took place on 12 March 1978 at the <a href="/wiki/New_London_Theatre" class="mw-redirect" title="New London Theatre">New London Theatre</a> with the following groups performing:<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPiekut2019368_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPiekut2019368-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Cow" title="Henry Cow">Henry Cow</a> (England)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stormy_Six" title="Stormy Six">Stormy Six</a> (Italy)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samla_Mammas_Manna" title="Samla Mammas Manna">Samla Mammas Manna</a> (Sweden)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Univers_Zero" title="Univers Zero">Univers Zero</a> (Belgium)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etron_Fou_Leloublan" title="Etron Fou Leloublan">Etron Fou Leloublan</a> (France)</li></ul></dd></dl> <p>The tour of the UK never materialised, but the festival did generate "a lot of press around the world", and this prompted the five bands to discuss future plans.<sup id="cite_ref-CC_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CC-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While "Rock in Opposition" was never intended to be a formal organisation, they met at Sunrise Studio in <a href="/wiki/Kirchberg,_St._Gallen" title="Kirchberg, St. Gallen">Kirchberg</a>, Switzerland in December 1978 to reconstitute the movement as a <a href="/wiki/Collective" title="Collective">collective</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPiekut2019369–370_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPiekut2019369–370-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By this time Henry Cow no longer existed as a group, but as RIO's prime mover its former members still actively participated. </p><p>RIO's primary aim was to represent and promote its members. It was decided that membership should remain closed and small, although new members would be welcome provided they (i) adhered to "musical excellence" (as evaluated by the collective); (ii) worked actively "outside the music business"; and (iii) had a "social commitment to Rock".<sup id="cite_ref-CC_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CC-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Using these criteria, three new members were elected: </p> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Art_Zoyd" title="Art Zoyd">Art Zoyd</a> (France)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_Bears" title="Art Bears">Art Bears</a> (England, made up of former Henry Cow members)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aksak_Maboul" title="Aksak Maboul">Aksak Maboul</a> (<a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a>)</li></ul></dd></dl> <p>A second RIO festival, organised by Stormy Six, took place between 26 April and 1 May 1979 at al Teatro dell'Elfo in <a href="/wiki/Milan" title="Milan">Milan</a>, Italy where all seven groups performed, the original four (minus Henry Cow) plus the three new groups. During the festival, the RIO members met formally again to discuss the way forward. However, despite some constructive discussion, disagreements arose between the groups regarding RIO's role and matters were left unresolved. Two further RIO festivals took place in Sweden and Belgium, but no new meetings, and by the end of 1979, RIO as an organisation had "quietly slipped away".<sup id="cite_ref-CC_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CC-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Recommended_Records">Recommended Records</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rock_in_Opposition&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Recommended Records"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:RockInOpposition_flyer_1979.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/2/2a/RockInOpposition_flyer_1979.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="352" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="250" data-file-height="352" /></a><figcaption>Poster for the 2nd RIO festival in <a href="/wiki/Milan" title="Milan">Milan</a>, Italy, between 26 April and 1 May 1979.</figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Recommended_Records" title="Recommended Records">Recommended Records</a></div> <p>Towards the end of 1978, <a href="/wiki/Chris_Cutler" title="Chris Cutler">Chris Cutler</a> from Henry Cow and Art Bears and one of the active participants in RIO, had established <a href="/wiki/Recommended_Records" title="Recommended Records">Recommended Records</a> (RēR), an <a href="/wiki/Independent_record_label" title="Independent record label">independent record label</a> and distribution network for RIO and similar artists. When RIO folded as an organisation, RēR continued RIO's work by representing and promoting marginalised musicians and groups. RēR became a "virtual" RIO, and "... is part of the continuing legacy of RIO".<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="RIO_as_a_genre">RIO as a genre</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rock_in_Opposition&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: RIO as a genre"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>RIO became a minor category or genre after it ceased being an organisation at the end of 1979.<sup id="cite_ref-CC_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CC-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While the term "RIO" was never used to refer to a particular style of music during the organisation's existence (the original RIO bands were quite diverse musically), it became used by listeners, musicians, and distributors as a means of classifying a particular subset of avant-garde artists. <a href="/wiki/Avant-prog" title="Avant-prog">Avant-prog</a> (short for avant-garde progressive rock) is a style that appeared in the late 1970s as the extension of two separate prog rock sub-styles: RIO and the <a href="/wiki/Canterbury_scene" title="Canterbury scene">Canterbury scene</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-AllMusicAvantProg_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AllMusicAvantProg-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id=""Reunions""><span id=".22Reunions.22"></span>"Reunions"</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rock_in_Opposition&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: "Reunions""><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A "reunion" festival took place at the Maison de la Musique de Cap Découverte in <a href="/wiki/Carmaux" title="Carmaux">Carmaux</a>, France in April 2007. The spirit of the original festival was preserved in that only artists of quality, innovation and the willingness to be "in opposition" to the commercial music industry performed. The festival was organised by French music promoter Michel Besset and Roger Trigaux of <a href="/wiki/Present_(band)" title="Present (band)">Present</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Cuneiform-RIO-2009_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cuneiform-RIO-2009-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> who received <a href="/wiki/Chris_Cutler" title="Chris Cutler">Chris Cutler</a>'s sanction to use the name "Rock in Opposition".<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The line-up at this event included: <a href="/wiki/Magma_(band)" title="Magma (band)">Magma</a>, <a href="/wiki/Faust_(band)" title="Faust (band)">Faust</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Peter_Blegvad" title="Peter Blegvad">Peter Blegvad</a> Trio (including Chris Cutler), Present, <a href="/wiki/Zao_(French_band)" title="Zao (French band)">Zao</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mats/Morgan_Band" title="Mats/Morgan Band">Mats/Morgan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guapo_(band)" title="Guapo (band)">Guapo</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=NeBeLNeST&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="NeBeLNeST (page does not exist)">NeBeLNeST</a>, Salle Gaveau and <a href="/w/index.php?title=GMEA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="GMEA (page does not exist)">GMEA</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A second edition of the France RIO event took place in September 2009 at the same venue as the first, and with the following line-up: Yolk, <a href="/wiki/Aranis" title="Aranis">Aranis</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Muffins" title="The Muffins">The Muffins</a>, <a href="/wiki/Charles_Hayward_(drummer)" title="Charles Hayward (drummer)">Charles Hayward</a>, <a href="/wiki/K%C5%8Denji_Hyakkei" title="Kōenji Hyakkei">Kōenji Hyakkei</a>, <a href="/wiki/Present_(band)" title="Present (band)">Present</a>, <a href="/wiki/Magma_(band)" title="Magma (band)">Magma</a>, <a href="/wiki/Univers_Zero" title="Univers Zero">Univers Zero</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Combat_Astronomy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Combat Astronomy (page does not exist)">Combat Astronomy</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Electric_Epic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Electric Epic (page does not exist)">Electric Epic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guapo_(band)" title="Guapo (band)">Guapo</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=GMEA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="GMEA (page does not exist)">GMEA</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Cuneiform-RIO-2009_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cuneiform-RIO-2009-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The third "reunion" festival also took place at the same venue in September 2010, and featured <a href="/wiki/Art_Bears" title="Art Bears">Art Bears Songbook</a> (UK, USA), <a href="/wiki/Gong_(band)" title="Gong (band)">Gong</a> (France, UK), <a href="/wiki/Caspar_Br%C3%B6tzmann" title="Caspar Brötzmann">Caspar Brötzmann Massaker</a> (Germany), <a href="/wiki/Sleepytime_Gorilla_Museum" title="Sleepytime Gorilla Museum">Sleepytime Gorilla Museum</a> (USA), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rational_Diet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rational Diet (page does not exist)">Rational Diet</a> (Belarus), <a href="/wiki/Jannick_Top" title="Jannick Top">Jannick Top/Infernal Machina</a> (France), Thierry Zaboitzeff (ex <a href="/wiki/Art_Zoyd" title="Art Zoyd">Art Zoyd</a>) "Cross the Bridge" (France, Austria), Full Blast (Germany, Switzerland), <a href="/wiki/Miriodor" title="Miriodor">Miriodor</a> (Canada), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Genevieve_Foccroulle&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Genevieve Foccroulle (page does not exist)">Genevieve Foccroulle</a> (Belgique) and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Aquaserge&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aquaserge (page does not exist)">Aquaserge</a> (France).<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The fourth edition of the France RIO also took place in September 2011, with a line-up of: <a href="/wiki/Arno_Hintjens" class="mw-redirect" title="Arno Hintjens">Arno</a>, <a href="/wiki/Univers_Zero" title="Univers Zero">Univers Zero</a> + <a href="/wiki/Present_(band)" title="Present (band)">Present</a> + <a href="/wiki/Aranis" title="Aranis">Aranis</a> ("Once Upon a Time in Belgium"), <a href="/wiki/Alamaailman_Vasarat" title="Alamaailman Vasarat">Alamaailman Vasarat</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vialka&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vialka (page does not exist)">Vialka</a>, Yugen, Gargantua, <a href="/wiki/Panzerballett" title="Panzerballett">Panzerballett</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jack_Dupon" title="Jack Dupon">Jack Dupon</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Grumpf_Quartet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grumpf Quartet (page does not exist)">Grumpf Quartet</a>, Sax Ruins vs. Ruins Alone vs. Ono Ryoko, and Dispositivoperilanciobliquodiunasferetta.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 2011 event was covered in the 2012 documentary film <i><a href="/wiki/Romantic_Warriors_II:_A_Progressive_Music_Saga_About_Rock_in_Opposition" title="Romantic Warriors II: A Progressive Music Saga About Rock in Opposition">Romantic Warriors II: A Progressive Music Saga About Rock in Opposition</a></i> by Adele Schmidt and José Zegarra Holder.<sup id="cite_ref-RW_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RW-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Two RIO festivals took place in 2014, the seventh French event in Carmaux in September, and a Japanese edition of the festival in <a href="/wiki/Tokyo" title="Tokyo">Tokyo</a> in November.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-RIO-Japan_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RIO-Japan-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The line-up for the Japanese event was: <a href="/wiki/Aranis" title="Aranis">Aranis</a> (Belgium), <a href="/wiki/The_Artaud_Beats" title="The Artaud Beats">The Artaud Beats</a> (UK), Happy Family (Japan), <a href="/wiki/Koenji_Hyakkei" class="mw-redirect" title="Koenji Hyakkei">Koenji Hyakkei</a> (Japan), <a href="/wiki/Mats/Morgan_Band" title="Mats/Morgan Band">Mats/Morgan Band</a> (Sweden), <a href="/wiki/Picchio_dal_Pozzo" title="Picchio dal Pozzo">Picchio dal Pozzo</a> (Italy), Richard Pinhas (France), <a href="/wiki/Present_(band)" title="Present (band)">Present</a> (Belgium), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Le_Silo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Le Silo (page does not exist)">Le Silo</a> (Japan), SOLA / Lars Holmer's Global Home Project (Sweden/Japan).<sup id="cite_ref-RIO-Japan_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RIO-Japan-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cutler, who features in The Artaud Beats, said of RIO Japan: "[RIO] is changed of course; back then it was a musician-led exercise in self-sufficiency fighting for new musical forms and independence from the institutions; now it is recast as a celebration of those times and those bands, and of the music they inspired. [...] Which, I suppose, is the way it should be. RIO ceased to be ours long ago; now it's yours. Take care with it."<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The 10th Rock in Opposition festival took place in Carmaux, France on 15, 16, 17 September 2017, and featured Aranis (Belgium), <a href="/wiki/Cheer-Accident" title="Cheer-Accident">Cheer-Accident</a> (US), faUSt (Germany), Le Silo (Japan), Miriodor (Canada), Trans-aeolian Transmission (France), Gong (France), <a href="/wiki/Acid_Mothers_Temple" title="Acid Mothers Temple">Acid Mothers Temple</a> (Japan), <a href="/wiki/APAtT" title="APAtT">a.P.A.t.T.</a> (England), In Love With (France), Guapo (England) and <a href="/wiki/Slapp_Happy" title="Slapp Happy">Slapp Happy</a> (Germany/England).<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Documentaries">Documentaries</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rock_in_Opposition&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Documentaries"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Romantic_Warriors_II:_A_Progressive_Music_Saga_About_Rock_in_Opposition" title="Romantic Warriors II: A Progressive Music Saga About Rock in Opposition">Romantic Warriors II: A Progressive Music Saga About Rock in Opposition</a></i> (2012) – a 98-minute documentary by Adele Schmidt and José Zegarra Holder.<sup id="cite_ref-RW_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RW-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Footnotes">Footnotes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rock_in_Opposition&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Footnotes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The text of the ticket below the flyer varies depending on source of the picture. On the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.francofabbri.net/pagine/StormyRecensioni.htm">Stormy Six homepage</a> it clearly says "FIVE ROCK GROUPS THE RECORD COMPANIES DON'T WANT YOU TO HEAR.", whereas at <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.squidco.com/rer/RIO.html">SquidCo</a> the ticket is not legible and a <a href="/wiki/Speech_balloon" title="Speech balloon">bubble</a> (incorrectly?) says "THE ROCK SHOWS THE RECORD COMPANIES DON'T WANT YOU TO HEAR."</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rock_in_Opposition&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPiekut2019368-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPiekut2019368_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPiekut2019368_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPiekut2019">Piekut 2019</a>, p. 368.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPiekut2019369-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPiekut2019369_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPiekut2019">Piekut 2019</a>, p. 369.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFZampino" class="citation web cs1">Zampino, Phil. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.squidco.com/rer/RIO.html">"Rock in Opposition"</a>. <i>SquidCo</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 September</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=SquidCo&rft.atitle=Rock+in+Opposition&rft.aulast=Zampino&rft.aufirst=Phil&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.squidco.com%2Frer%2FRIO.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARock+in+Opposition" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CC-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CC_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CC_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CC_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CC_5-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCutler" class="citation web cs1">Cutler, Chris. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ccutler.co.uk/rioartbearsff.htm">"Rock in Opposition"</a>. <i>ccutler.co.uk</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 August</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ccutler.co.uk&rft.atitle=Rock+in+Opposition&rft.aulast=Cutler&rft.aufirst=Chris&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ccutler.co.uk%2Frioartbearsff.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARock+in+Opposition" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPiekut2019369–370-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPiekut2019369–370_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPiekut2019">Piekut 2019</a>, pp. 369–370.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCutler1985" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Chris_Cutler" title="Chris Cutler">Cutler, Chris</a> (1985). "Necessity and Choice in Musical Forms, Part III, Rock in Opposition". <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/fileunderpopular00cutl"><i>File Under Popular: Theoretical and Critical Writings on Music</i></a></span>. London: November Books. p. 157. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-946423-01-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-946423-01-6"><bdi>0-946423-01-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Necessity+and+Choice+in+Musical+Forms%2C+Part+III%2C+Rock+in+Opposition&rft.btitle=File+Under+Popular%3A+Theoretical+and+Critical+Writings+on+Music&rft.place=London&rft.pages=157&rft.pub=November+Books&rft.date=1985&rft.isbn=0-946423-01-6&rft.aulast=Cutler&rft.aufirst=Chris&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ffileunderpopular00cutl&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARock+in+Opposition" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AllMusicAvantProg-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-AllMusicAvantProg_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.allmusic.com/style/avant-prog-ma0000011969">"Pop/Rock » Art-Rock/Experimental » Avant-Prog"</a>. <a href="/wiki/AllMusic" title="AllMusic">AllMusic</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Pop%2FRock+%C2%BB+Art-Rock%2FExperimental+%C2%BB+Avant-Prog&rft.pub=AllMusic&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.allmusic.com%2Fstyle%2Favant-prog-ma0000011969&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARock+in+Opposition" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cuneiform-RIO-2009-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Cuneiform-RIO-2009_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cuneiform-RIO-2009_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cuneiformrecords.com/emails/rio/RIO_2009.html">"Rock in Opposition Festival 2009"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Cuneiform_Records" title="Cuneiform Records">Cuneiform Records</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 August</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Rock+in+Opposition+Festival+2009&rft.pub=Cuneiform+Records&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cuneiformrecords.com%2Femails%2Frio%2FRIO_2009.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARock+in+Opposition" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Interview with Roger Trigaux". <i><a href="/wiki/Romantic_Warriors_II:_Special_Features_DVD" title="Romantic Warriors II: Special Features DVD">Romantic Warriors II: Special Features DVD</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a>: Zeitgeist Media (2013).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071212134511/http://www.rocktime.org/rio/artistes_english.htm">"Rock In Opposition France Event – April 13th, 14th & 15th 2007"</a>. <i>Rock Time</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rocktime.org/rio/artistes_english.htm">the original</a> on 12 December 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 March</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Rock+Time&rft.atitle=Rock+In+Opposition+France+Event+%E2%80%93+April+13th%2C+14th+%26+15th+2007&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rocktime.org%2Frio%2Fartistes_english.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARock+in+Opposition" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140908175818/http://www.progressionmagazine.com/index.php?s=rocktime">"Rock In Opposition 2010 – France Event"</a>. <i>Progression Magazine</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.progressionmagazine.com/index.php?s=rocktime">the original</a> on 8 September 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 August</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Progression+Magazine&rft.atitle=Rock+In+Opposition+2010+%E2%80%93+France+Event&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.progressionmagazine.com%2Findex.php%3Fs%3Drocktime&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARock+in+Opposition" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://avantmusicnews.com/2011/04/07/rock-in-opposition-festival-2011/">"Rock in Opposition Festival 2011"</a>. Avant Music News. 7 April 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 August</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Rock+in+Opposition+Festival+2011&rft.pub=Avant+Music+News&rft.date=2011-04-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Favantmusicnews.com%2F2011%2F04%2F07%2Frock-in-opposition-festival-2011%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARock+in+Opposition" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-RW-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-RW_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-RW_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLynch" class="citation web cs1">Lynch, Dave. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.allmusic.com/album/romantic-warriors-ii-a-progressive-music-saga-about-rock-in-opposition-mw0002409369">"Romantic Warriors II: A Progressive Music Saga About Rock in Opposition"</a>. AllMusic<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 December</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Romantic+Warriors+II%3A+A+Progressive+Music+Saga+About+Rock+in+Opposition&rft.pub=AllMusic&rft.aulast=Lynch&rft.aufirst=Dave&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.allmusic.com%2Falbum%2Fromantic-warriors-ii-a-progressive-music-saga-about-rock-in-opposition-mw0002409369&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARock+in+Opposition" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170830170434/http://www.rocktime.org/rio/index.php/en/">"Rock In Opposition – 19/20/21 Sept 2014"</a>. <i>Rock Time</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rocktime.org/rio/index.php/en/">the original</a> on 30 August 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 September</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Rock+Time&rft.atitle=Rock+In+Opposition+%E2%80%93+19%2F20%2F21+Sept+2014&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rocktime.org%2Frio%2Findex.php%2Fen%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARock+in+Opposition" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-RIO-Japan-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-RIO-Japan_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-RIO-Japan_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140814130920/http://www.rockinopposition-japan.com/index_en.html">"RIO Japan 2014"</a>. rockinopposition-japan.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rockinopposition-japan.com/index_en.html">the original</a> on 14 August 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 August</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=RIO+Japan+2014&rft.pub=rockinopposition-japan.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rockinopposition-japan.com%2Findex_en.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARock+in+Opposition" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140814124457/http://www.rockinopposition-japan.com/contents_cc_message_en.html">"Chris Cutler's Message"</a>. rockinopposition-japan.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rockinopposition-japan.com/contents_cc_message_en.html">the original</a> on 14 August 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 August</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Chris+Cutler%27s+Message&rft.pub=rockinopposition-japan.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rockinopposition-japan.com%2Fcontents_cc_message_en.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARock+in+Opposition" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170830170434/http://www.rocktime.org/rio/index.php/en/">"The 10th Rock in Opposition Festival"</a>. rocktime.org. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rocktime.org/rio/index.php/en/">the original</a> on 30 August 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 September</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+10th+Rock+in+Opposition+Festival&rft.pub=rocktime.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rocktime.org%2Frio%2Findex.php%2Fen%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARock+in+Opposition" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Works_cited">Works cited</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rock_in_Opposition&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Works cited"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPiekut2019" class="citation book cs1">Piekut, Benjamin (2019). <a href="/wiki/Henry_Cow:_The_World_Is_a_Problem" title="Henry Cow: The World Is a Problem"><i>Henry Cow: The World Is a Problem</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Duke_University_Press" title="Duke University Press">Duke University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-47800-405-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-47800-405-9"><bdi>978-1-47800-405-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Henry+Cow%3A+The+World+Is+a+Problem&rft.pub=Duke+University+Press&rft.date=2019&rft.isbn=978-1-47800-405-9&rft.aulast=Piekut&rft.aufirst=Benjamin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARock+in+Opposition" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rock_in_Opposition&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.squidco.com/rer/RIO.html">Rock in Opposition</a>. <i>Phil Zampino at Squidco</i>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ccutler.co.uk/rioartbearsff.htm">Rock in Opposition</a>. <i>Chris Cutler homepage</i>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.francofabbri.net/pagine/StormyRecensioni.htm">Melody Maker review of the 1st RIO festival</a>. <i>Stormy Six homepage</i>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mitkadem.co.il/RIO_interview.html">Interview with Chris Cutler on RIO, 1998</a>. <i>Mitkadem.co.il</i>. <span class="languageicon">(in English)</span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.navbox-title{background-color:#b0e0e6}.mw-parser-output .navbox-musical-artist-temp .navbox-title{background-color:#d3d3d3}.mw-parser-output .navbox-musical-artist .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-musical-artist .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0)}html.skin-theme-clienpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox-musical-artist .navbox-title{background-color:inherit}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clienpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox-musical-artist .navbox-title{background-color:inherit}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox navbox-musical-artist navbox-musical-artist-group" aria-labelledby="Henry_Cow" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks vcard hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Henry_Cow" title="Template:Henry Cow"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Henry_Cow" title="Template talk:Henry Cow"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Henry_Cow" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Henry Cow"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Henry_Cow" class="fn org" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Henry_Cow" title="Henry Cow">Henry Cow</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Fred_Frith" title="Fred Frith">Fred Frith</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Tim_Hodgkinson" title="Tim Hodgkinson">Tim Hodgkinson</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/John_Greaves_(musician)" title="John Greaves (musician)">John Greaves</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Chris_Cutler" title="Chris Cutler">Chris Cutler</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Lindsay_Cooper" title="Lindsay Cooper">Lindsay Cooper</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Dagmar_Krause" title="Dagmar Krause">Dagmar Krause</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Geoff_Leigh" title="Geoff Leigh">Geoff Leigh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Blegvad" title="Peter Blegvad">Peter Blegvad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Moore" title="Anthony Moore">Anthony Moore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgina_Born" title="Georgina Born">Georgie Born</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annemarie_Roelofs" title="Annemarie Roelofs">Annemarie Roelofs</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/David_Attwooll" title="David Attwooll">David Attwooll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Powell" title="Andrew Powell">Andy Powell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Ditcham" title="Martin Ditcham">Martin Ditcham</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Studio albums</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Legend_(Henry_Cow_album)" title="Legend (Henry Cow album)">Legend</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Unrest_(Henry_Cow_album)" title="Unrest (Henry Cow album)">Unrest</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Western_Culture_(album)" title="Western Culture (album)">Western Culture</a></i></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks vcard navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="with_Slapp_Happy" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">with Slapp Happy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Desperate_Straights" title="Desperate Straights">Desperate Straights</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/In_Praise_of_Learning" title="In Praise of Learning">In Praise of Learning</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Live albums</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Concerts_(Henry_Cow_album)" title="Concerts (Henry Cow album)">Concerts</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Stockholm_%26_G%C3%B6teborg" title="Stockholm & Göteborg">Stockholm & Göteborg</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Box sets</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Virgin_Years_%E2%80%93_Souvenir_Box" title="The Virgin Years – Souvenir Box">The Virgin Years – Souvenir Box</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Henry_Cow_Box" title="Henry Cow Box">Henry Cow Box</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_40th_Anniversary_Henry_Cow_Box_Set" title="The 40th Anniversary Henry Cow Box Set">The 40th Anniversary Henry Cow Box Set</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Henry_Cow_Box_Redux:_The_Complete_Henry_Cow" title="The Henry Cow Box Redux: The Complete Henry Cow">The Henry Cow Box Redux: The Complete Henry Cow</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Songs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Teenbeat_(instrumental)" title="Teenbeat (instrumental)">Teenbeat</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Nine_Funerals_of_the_Citizen_King" title="Nine Funerals of the Citizen King">Nine Funerals of the Citizen King</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Ruins_(instrumental)" title="Ruins (instrumental)">Ruins</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/War_(Henry_Cow_song)" title="War (Henry Cow song)">War</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Living_in_the_Heart_of_the_Beast" title="Living in the Heart of the Beast">Living in the Heart of the Beast</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Beautiful_as_the_Moon_%E2%80%93_Terrible_as_an_Army_with_Banners" title="Beautiful as the Moon – Terrible as an Army with Banners">Beautiful as the Moon – Terrible as an Army with Banners</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Erk_Gah" title="Erk Gah">Erk Gah</a>"</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related articles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Cow_discography" title="Henry Cow discography">Henry Cow discography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slapp_Happy" title="Slapp Happy">Slapp Happy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Orckestra" title="The Orckestra">The Orckestra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_Bears" title="Art Bears">Art Bears</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Now" title="Henry Now">Henry Now</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Rock in Opposition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ray_Smith_(artist)" title="Ray Smith (artist)">Ray Smith</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Henry_Cow:_The_World_Is_a_Problem" title="Henry Cow: The World Is a Problem">Henry Cow: The World Is a Problem</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Echoes_of_Henry_Cow" title="Echoes of Henry Cow">Echoes of Henry Cow</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Greasy_Truckers_Live_at_Dingwalls_Dance_Hall" title="Greasy Truckers Live at Dingwalls Dance Hall">Greasy Truckers Live at Dingwalls Dance Hall</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hopes_and_Fears_(Art_Bears_album)" title="Hopes and Fears (Art Bears album)">Hopes and Fears</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Recommended_Records_Sampler" title="Recommended Records Sampler">Recommended Records Sampler</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Henry_Cow" title="Category:Henry Cow">Category</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Progressive_music" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Progressive_music" title="Template:Progressive music"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Progressive_music" title="Template talk:Progressive music"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Progressive_music" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Progressive music"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Progressive_music" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Progressive_music" title="Progressive music">Progressive music</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By style and subgenre</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Art_pop" title="Art pop">Art pop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_country" title="Progressive country">Country</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bluegrass_music#Progressive_bluegrass" title="Bluegrass music">Bluegrass</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_music#Electronic" title="Progressive music">Electronic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_folk" title="Progressive folk">Folk</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_music#Jazz" title="Progressive music">Jazz</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_rap" title="Progressive rap">Hip hop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_pop" title="Progressive pop">Pop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_rock" title="Progressive rock">Rock</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Art_rock" title="Art rock">Art rock</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Art_punk" title="Art punk">Art punk</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avant-prog" title="Avant-prog">Avant-prog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_metal" title="Progressive metal">Metal</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Djent" title="Djent">Djent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_metalcore" title="Progressive metalcore">Metalcore</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-prog" title="Neo-prog">Neo-prog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_rock#New_prog" title="Progressive rock">New prog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_music#Progressive_punk" title="Progressive music">Punk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_rock" title="Space rock">Space rock</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_soul" title="Progressive soul">Soul</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Progression-based EDM genres</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Breakbeat#Progressive_breaks" title="Breakbeat">Breaks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_house" title="Progressive house">House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_trance" class="mw-redirect" title="Progressive trance">Trance</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_psytrance" class="mw-redirect" title="Progressive psytrance">Psytrance</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related genres/scenes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canterbury_scene" title="Canterbury scene">Canterbury scene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Experimental_pop" title="Experimental pop">Experimental pop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Experimental_rock" title="Experimental rock">Experimental rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Experimental_metal" class="mw-redirect" title="Experimental metal">Experimental metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intelligent_dance_music" title="Intelligent dance music">Intelligent dance music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krautrock" title="Krautrock">Krautrock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_pop" title="New pop">New pop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_wave_music" title="New wave music">New wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proto-prog" title="Proto-prog">Proto-prog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-progressive" title="Post-progressive">Post-progressive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-punk" title="Post-punk">Post-punk</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Rock in Opposition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zeuhl" title="Zeuhl">Zeuhl</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Associated theories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Auteur#Popular_music" title="Auteur">Auteurism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eclecticism_in_music" title="Eclecticism in music">Eclecticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Formalism_(art)" title="Formalism (art)">Formalism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Official_Progressive_Albums_Chart" title="Official Progressive Albums Chart">Official Progressive Albums Chart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prog_(magazine)" title="Prog (magazine)"><i>Prog</i> (magazine)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_rock_(radio_format)" title="Progressive rock (radio format)">Progressive rock (radio format)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Miscellaneous articles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Art_music" title="Art music">Art music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concept_album" title="Concept album">Concept album</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_concept_albums" title="List of concept albums">List</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contemporary_classical_music" title="Contemporary classical music">Contemporary classical music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychedelic_music" title="Psychedelic music">Psychedelic music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romantic_music" title="Romantic music">Romantic music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recording_studio_as_an_instrument" title="Recording studio as an instrument">Recording studio as an instrument</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_progressive_rock" title="Timeline of progressive rock">Timeline of progressive rock</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_progressive_rock_(1960%E2%80%9369)" class="mw-redirect" title="Timeline of progressive rock (1960–69)">1960s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_progressive_rock_(1970%E2%80%9379)" class="mw-redirect" title="Timeline of progressive rock (1970–79)">1970s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_progressive_rock_(1980%E2%80%9389)" class="mw-redirect" title="Timeline of progressive rock (1980–89)">1980s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_progressive_rock_(1990%E2%80%9399)" class="mw-redirect" title="Timeline of progressive rock (1990–99)">1990s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_progressive_rock_(2000%E2%80%9309)" class="mw-redirect" title="Timeline of progressive rock (2000–09)">2000s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_progressive_rock_(2010%E2%80%9319)" class="mw-redirect" title="Timeline of progressive rock (2010–19)">2010s</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Category:Progressive_music" title="Category:Progressive music">Category</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Rock_music" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Rock_music" title="Template:Rock music"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Rock_music" title="Template talk:Rock music"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Rock_music" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Rock music"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Rock_music" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Rock_music" title="Rock music">Rock music</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Components</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beat_(music)#Backbeat" title="Beat (music)">Backbeat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Distortion_(music)" title="Distortion (music)">Distortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Band_(rock_and_pop)" title="Band (rock and pop)">Rock band</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Electric_guitar" title="Electric guitar">Electric guitar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bass_guitar" title="Bass guitar">Electric bass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhythm_section" title="Rhythm section">Rhythm section</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drum_kit" title="Drum kit">Drum kit</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Genres by<br />decade of origin<br /><span class="nobold">(sub-subgenres <br />not included)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1950s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Instrumental_rock" title="Instrumental rock">Instrumental rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_rock" title="Latin rock">Latin rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pop_rock" title="Pop rock">Pop rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_and_roll" title="Rock and roll">Rock and roll</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_rock_and_roll" title="British rock and roll">British</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rockabilly" title="Rockabilly">Rockabilly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surf_music" title="Surf music">Surf music</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1960s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anatolian_rock" title="Anatolian rock">Anatolian rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_rock" title="Art rock">Art rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baroque_pop" title="Baroque pop">Baroque rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beat_music" title="Beat music">Beat music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blues_rock" title="Blues rock">Blues rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boogie_rock" title="Boogie rock">Boogie rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamber_pop" title="Chamber pop">Chamber pop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_rock" title="Christian rock">Christian rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comedy_rock" title="Comedy rock">Comedy rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Country_rock" title="Country rock">Country rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electronic_rock" title="Electronic rock">Electronic rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Experimental_rock" title="Experimental rock">Experimental rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flamenco_rock" title="Flamenco rock">Flamenco rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folk_rock" title="Folk rock">Folk rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garage_rock" title="Garage rock">Garage rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hard_rock" title="Hard rock">Hard rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heavy_metal_music" title="Heavy metal music">Heavy metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jam_band" title="Jam band">Jam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jazz_fusion" title="Jazz fusion">Jazz rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krautrock" title="Krautrock">Krautrock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noise_rock" title="Noise rock">Noise rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occult_rock" title="Occult rock">Occult rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_rock" title="Progressive rock">Progressive rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychedelic_rock" title="Psychedelic rock">Psychedelic rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raga_rock" title="Raga rock">Raga rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roots_rock" title="Roots rock">Roots rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samba_rock" title="Samba rock">Samba rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soft_rock" title="Soft rock">Soft rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_rock" title="Southern rock">Southern rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_rock" title="Space rock">Space rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swamp_rock" title="Swamp rock">Swamp rock</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1970s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arena_rock" title="Arena rock">Arena rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cock_rock" title="Cock rock">Cock rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dance-rock" title="Dance-rock">Dance-rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Funk_rock" title="Funk rock">Funk rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glam_rock" title="Glam rock">Glam rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heartland_rock" title="Heartland rock">Heartland rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industrial_rock" title="Industrial rock">Industrial rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_wave_music" title="New wave music">New wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-progressive" title="Post-progressive">Post-progressive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-punk" title="Post-punk">Post-punk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_pop" title="Power pop">Power pop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pub_rock_(Australia)" title="Pub rock (Australia)">Pub rock (Australia)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pub_rock_(United_Kingdom)" title="Pub rock (United Kingdom)">Pub rock (United Kingdom)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punk_rock" title="Punk rock">Punk rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shock_rock" title="Shock rock">Shock rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soft_rock" title="Soft rock">Soft rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visual_kei" title="Visual kei">Visual kei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yacht_rock" title="Yacht rock">Yacht rock</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1980s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alternative_rock" title="Alternative rock">Alternative rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deathrock" title="Deathrock">Deathrock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dream_pop" title="Dream pop">Dream pop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_rock" title="Gothic rock">Gothic rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grebo_(music)" title="Grebo (music)">Grebo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grunge" title="Grunge">Grunge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indie_rock" title="Indie rock">Indie rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jangle_pop" title="Jangle pop">Jangle pop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rap_rock" title="Rap rock">Rap rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_kapak" title="Rock kapak">Rock kapak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shoegaze" title="Shoegaze">Shoegaze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slacker_rock" title="Slacker rock">Slacker rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tropical_rock" title="Tropical rock">Trop rock</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1990s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Britpop" title="Britpop">Britpop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emo" title="Emo">Emo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Math_rock" title="Math rock">Math rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-rock" title="Post-rock">Post-rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stoner_rock" title="Stoner rock">Stoner rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sufi_rock" title="Sufi rock">Sufi rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viking_rock" title="Viking rock">Viking rock</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Regional scenes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">North America</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_rock" title="American rock">American</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Palm_Desert_Scene" title="Palm Desert Scene">Palm Desert Scene</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_of_Canada" title="Rock music of Canada">Canadian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Costa_Rica#Rock_music" title="Music of Costa Rica">Costa Rican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuban_rock" title="Cuban rock">Cuban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominican_rock" title="Dominican rock">Dominican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haitian_rock" title="Haitian rock">Haitian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_in_Mexico" title="Rock music in Mexico">Mexican</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chicano_rock" title="Chicano rock">Chicano rock</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Puerto_Rico" title="Music of Puerto Rico">Puerto Rican</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">South America</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Argentine_rock" title="Argentine rock">Argentine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_rock" title="Brazilian rock">Brazilian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_thrash_metal" title="Brazilian thrash metal">Brazilian thrash metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samba_rock" title="Samba rock">Samba rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tropic%C3%A1lia" title="Tropicália">Tropicália</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chilean_rock" title="Chilean rock">Chilean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colombian_rock" title="Colombian rock">Colombian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecuadorian_rock" title="Ecuadorian rock">Ecuadorian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peruvian_rock" title="Peruvian rock">Peruvian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uruguayan_rock" title="Uruguayan rock">Uruguayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venezuelan_rock" title="Venezuelan rock">Venezuelan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_in_Albania" title="Rock music in Albania">Albanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_in_Belarus" title="Rock music in Belarus">Belarusian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_in_Belgium" title="Rock music in Belgium">Belgian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_in_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Rock music in Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_rock_music" title="British rock music">British</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_rock_and_roll" title="British rock and roll">British rock and roll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Britpop" title="Britpop">Britpop</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Post-Britpop" title="Post-Britpop">Post-Britpop</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Croatia#Rock" title="Music of Croatia">Croatian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_in_Denmark" title="Rock music in Denmark">Danish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_in_the_Netherlands" title="Rock music in the Netherlands">Dutch</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indorock" title="Indorock">Indorock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nederbeat" title="Nederbeat">Nederbeat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultra_(music)" title="Ultra (music)">Ultra</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_in_Estonia" title="Rock music in Estonia">Estonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_in_Finland" title="Rock music in Finland">Finnish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_in_France" title="Rock music in France">French</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_in_Germany" title="Rock music in Germany">German</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_in_Greece" title="Rock music in Greece">Greek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_in_Hungary" title="Rock music in Hungary">Hungarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_in_Iceland" title="Rock music in Iceland">Icelandic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_in_Ireland" title="Rock music in Ireland">Irish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_in_Italy" title="Rock music in Italy">Italian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_in_Latvia" title="Rock music in Latvia">Latvian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_in_Lithuania" title="Rock music in Lithuania">Lithuanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_North_Macedonia#Rock_music" title="Music of North Macedonia">Macedonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_in_Norway" title="Rock music in Norway">Norwegian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_in_Poland" title="Rock music in Poland">Polish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_in_Portugal" title="Rock music in Portugal">Portuguese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_in_Romania" title="Rock music in Romania">Romanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_in_Russia" title="Rock music in Russia">Russian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_in_Serbia" title="Rock music in Serbia">Serbian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_in_Slovenia" title="Rock music in Slovenia">Slovenian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_in_Spain" title="Rock music in Spain">Spanish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_music_in_Sweden" title="Popular music in Sweden">Swedish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_in_Switzerland" title="Rock music in Switzerland">Swiss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_in_Ukraine" title="Rock music in Ukraine">Ukrainian</a></li> <li>Yugoslavian <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Popular_music_in_Yugoslavia#Art_rock" title="Popular music in Yugoslavia">Art rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_music_in_Yugoslavia#Hard_rock_and_heavy_metal" title="Popular music in Yugoslavia">Hard rock and heavy metal</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Popular_music_in_Yugoslavia#Extreme_metal" title="Popular music in Yugoslavia">Extreme metal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_music_in_Yugoslavia#Neo-rockabilly" title="Popular music in Yugoslavia">Neo-rockabilly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_wave_music_in_Yugoslavia" title="New wave music in Yugoslavia">New wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_music_in_Yugoslavia#Post-punk" title="Popular music in Yugoslavia">Post-punk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punk_rock_in_Yugoslavia" title="Punk rock in Yugoslavia">Punk</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_rock" title="Armenian rock">Armenian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_rock" title="Azerbaijani rock">Azerbaijani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladeshi_rock" title="Bangladeshi rock">Bangladeshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Cambodia#Cambodian_rock_and_pop" title="Music of Cambodia">Cambodian</a> (<a href="/wiki/Cambodian_rock_(1960s%E2%80%931970s)" title="Cambodian rock (1960s–1970s)">1959–1975</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_rock" title="Chinese rock">Chinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinoy_rock" title="Pinoy rock">Filipino</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bisrock" title="Bisrock">Bisrock</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_rock" title="Indian rock">Indian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_of_West_Bengal" title="Rock music of West Bengal">Bengali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raga_rock" title="Raga rock">Raga</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesian_rock" title="Indonesian rock">Indonesian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_rock" title="Iranian rock">Iranian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_rock" title="Israeli rock">Israeli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_rock" title="Japanese rock">Japanese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Visual_kei" title="Visual kei">Visual kei</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_rock" title="Korean rock">Korean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_rock" title="Malaysian rock">Malaysian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rock_kapak" title="Rock kapak">Rock kapak</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepalese_rock" title="Nepalese rock">Nepalese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistani_rock" title="Pakistani rock">Pakistani</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sufi_rock" title="Sufi rock">Sufi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_in_Russia" title="Rock music in Russia">Russian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_rock" title="Taiwanese rock">Taiwanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thai_rock" title="Thai rock">Thai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anatolian_rock" title="Anatolian rock">Turkish</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_in_Angola" title="Rock music in Angola">Angolan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desert_blues" title="Desert blues">Sahara desert region</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zamrock" title="Zamrock">Zambian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Oceania</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_in_Australia" title="Rock music in Australia">Australian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_in_New_Zealand" title="Rock music in New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Radio formats</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Active_rock" title="Active rock">Active rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adult_album_alternative" title="Adult album alternative">Adult album alternative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Album-oriented_rock" title="Album-oriented rock">Album-oriented rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classic_rock" title="Classic rock">Classic rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mainstream_rock" title="Mainstream rock">Mainstream rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_rock" title="Modern rock">Modern rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_rock_(radio_format)" title="Progressive rock (radio format)">Progressive rock (radio format)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div class="hlist"><ul><li>History</li><li>Culture</li></ul></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_Invasion" title="British Invasion">British Invasion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_years_in_rock_music" title="List of years in rock music">List of years in rock music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Origins_of_rock_and_roll" title="Origins of rock and roll">Origins of rock and roll</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Country_music" title="Country music">Country music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jazz" title="Jazz">Jazz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhythm_and_blues" title="Rhythm and blues">Rhythm and blues</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electronics_in_rock_music" title="Electronics in rock music">Electronics in rock music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_effects_of_rock_music" title="Social effects of rock music">Social effects</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rock_Against_Communism" title="Rock Against Communism">Rock Against Communism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_Against_Racism" title="Rock Against Racism">Rock Against Racism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_Against_Sexism" title="Rock Against Sexism">Rock Against Sexism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_and_the_fall_of_communism" title="Rock music and the fall of communism">Rock music and the fall of communism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rockism_and_poptimism" title="Rockism and poptimism">Rockism and poptimism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_rock" title="Women in rock">Women in rock</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beatlesque" title="Beatlesque">Beatlesque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rock_genres" title="List of rock genres">List of rock genres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motorik" title="Motorik">Motorik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outlaw_country" title="Outlaw country">Outlaw country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_music" title="Progressive music">Progressive music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_and_Roll_Hall_of_Fame" title="Rock and Roll Hall of Fame">Rock and Roll Hall of Fame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_concert" title="Rock concert">Rock concert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_festival" title="Rock festival">Rock festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_musical" title="Rock musical">Rock musical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_opera" title="Rock opera">Rock opera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wagnerian_rock" title="Wagnerian rock">Wagnerian rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wall_of_Sound" title="Wall of Sound">Wall of Sound</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span><b><a href="/wiki/Category:Rock_music" title="Category:Rock music">Category</a></b></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span><b><a href="/wiki/Portal:Rock_music" title="Portal:Rock music">Portal</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Avant-garde_movements" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Avant-garde" title="Template:Avant-garde"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Avant-garde" title="Template talk:Avant-garde"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Avant-garde" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Avant-garde"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Avant-garde_movements" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Avant-garde" title="Avant-garde">Avant-garde</a> movements</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Visual art</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abstract_expressionism" title="Abstract expressionism">Abstract expressionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_Nouveau" title="Art Nouveau">Art Nouveau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_%26_Language" title="Art & Language">Art & Language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conceptual_art" title="Conceptual art">Conceptual art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constructivism_(art)" title="Constructivism (art)">Constructivism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proto-Cubism" title="Proto-Cubism">Proto-Cubism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cubism" title="Cubism">Cubism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Functionalism_(architecture)" title="Functionalism (architecture)">Functionalism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bauhaus" title="Bauhaus">Bauhaus</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grosvenor_School" class="mw-redirect" title="Grosvenor School">Grosvenor School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dev%C4%9Btsil" title="Devětsil">Devětsil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Divisionism" title="Divisionism">Divisionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauvism" title="Fauvism">Fauvism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impressionism" title="Impressionism">Impressionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Impressionism" title="Neo-Impressionism">Neo-Impressionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-Impressionism" title="Post-Impressionism">Post-Impressionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Color_Field" class="mw-redirect" title="Color Field">Color Field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Incoherents" title="Incoherents">Incoherents</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyrical_abstraction" title="Lyrical abstraction">Lyrical Abstraction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mail_art" title="Mail art">Mail art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minimalism_(visual_arts)" title="Minimalism (visual arts)">Minimalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mir_iskusstva" title="Mir iskusstva">Mir iskusstva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multidimensional_art" title="Multidimensional art">Multidimensional art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neoplasticism" title="Neoplasticism">Neoplasticism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/De_Stijl" title="De Stijl">De Stijl</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neue_Slowenische_Kunst" title="Neue Slowenische Kunst">Neue Slowenische Kunst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Nonconformist_Art" class="mw-redirect" title="Soviet Nonconformist Art">Nonconformism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nouveau_r%C3%A9alisme" title="Nouveau réalisme">Nouveau réalisme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orphism_(art)" title="Orphism (art)">Orphism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Performance_art" title="Performance art">Performance art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pop_art" title="Pop art">Pop art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Process_art" title="Process art">Process art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purism" title="Purism">Purism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rayonism" title="Rayonism">Rayonism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suprematism" title="Suprematism">Suprematism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temporary_art" class="mw-redirect" title="Temporary art">Temporary art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vorticism" title="Vorticism">Vorticism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Literature<br />and poetry</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acmeist_poetry" title="Acmeist poetry">Acmeism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angry_Penguins" title="Angry Penguins">Angry Penguins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asemic_writing" title="Asemic writing">Asemic writing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conceptual_writing" title="Conceptual writing">Conceptual poetry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyberpunk" title="Cyberpunk">Cyberpunk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ego-Futurism" title="Ego-Futurism">Ego-Futurism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Experimental_literature" title="Experimental literature">Experimental literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flarf_poetry" title="Flarf poetry">Flarf poetry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungry_generation" title="Hungry generation">Hungry generation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imaginism" title="Imaginism">Imaginism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imagism" title="Imagism">Imagism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Language_poets" title="Language poets">Language poets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neoavanguardia" title="Neoavanguardia">Neoavanguardia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neoteric" title="Neoteric">Neoteric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nouveau_roman" title="Nouveau roman">Nouveau roman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oberiu" title="Oberiu">Oberiu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oulipo" title="Oulipo">Oulipo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slam_poetry" class="mw-redirect" title="Slam poetry">Slam poetry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultraist_movement" title="Ultraist movement">Ultraísmo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visual_poetry" title="Visual poetry">Visual poetry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaum" title="Zaum">Zaum</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Avant-garde_music" title="Avant-garde music">Music</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By style</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Avant-funk" title="Avant-funk">Funk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avant-garde_jazz" title="Avant-garde jazz">Jazz</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Free_funk" title="Free funk">Free funk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yass_(music)" title="Yass (music)">Yass</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avant-pop" title="Avant-pop">Pop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Experimental_rock" title="Experimental rock">Rock</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Avant-prog" title="Avant-prog">Prog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avant-punk" title="Avant-punk">Punk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avant-garde_metal" title="Avant-garde metal">Metal</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aleatoric_music" title="Aleatoric music">Aleatoric music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ars_nova" title="Ars nova">Ars nova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ars_subtilior" title="Ars subtilior">Ars subtilior</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atonality" title="Atonality">Atonal music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electroacoustic_music" title="Electroacoustic music">Electroacoustic music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electronic_music" title="Electronic music">Electronic music</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Industrial_music" title="Industrial music">Industrial music</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Experimental_pop" title="Experimental pop">Experimental pop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_jazz" title="Free jazz">Free jazz</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Free_improvisation" title="Free improvisation">Free improvisation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Futurism_(music)" title="Futurism (music)">Futurism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microtonal_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Microtonal music">Microtonal music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minimal_music" title="Minimal music">Minimal music</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Drone_music" title="Drone music">Drone music</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_theatre" title="Music theatre">Music theatre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musique_concr%C3%A8te" title="Musique concrète">Musique concrète</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Complexity" title="New Complexity">New Complexity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No_wave" title="No wave">No wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noise_music" title="Noise music">Noise music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-rock" title="Post-rock">Post-rock</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Rock in Opposition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Viennese_School" title="Second Viennese School">Second Viennese School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serialism" title="Serialism">Serialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spectral_music" title="Spectral music">Spectral music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stochastic#Music" title="Stochastic">Stochastic music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sound_mass" title="Sound mass">Textural music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Totalism" title="Totalism">Totalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twelve-tone_technique" title="Twelve-tone technique">Twelve-tone technique</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cinema<br />and theatre</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cin%C3%A9ma_pur" class="mw-redirect" title="Cinéma pur">Cinéma pur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dogme_95" title="Dogme 95">Dogme 95</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drop_Art" title="Drop Art">Drop Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epic_theatre" title="Epic theatre">Epic theatre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Experimental_film" title="Experimental film">Experimental film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Experimental_theatre" title="Experimental theatre">Experimental theatre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modernist_film" title="Modernist film">Modernist film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poetic_realism" title="Poetic realism">Poetic realism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postdramatic_theatre" title="Postdramatic theatre">Postdramatic theatre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Remodernist_film" title="Remodernist film">Remodernist film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Structural_film" title="Structural film">Structural film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theatre_of_the_Absurd" class="mw-redirect" title="Theatre of the Absurd">Theatre of the Absurd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theatre_of_Cruelty" title="Theatre of Cruelty">Theatre of Cruelty</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constructivism_(art)" title="Constructivism (art)">Constructivism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dada" title="Dada">Dada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Expressionism" title="Expressionism">Expressionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fluxus" title="Fluxus">Fluxus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Futurism" title="Futurism">Futurism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Futurism" title="Russian Futurism">Russian Futurism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cubo-Futurism" title="Cubo-Futurism">Cubo-Futurism</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lettrism" title="Lettrism">Lettrism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modernism" title="Modernism">Modernism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minimalism" title="Minimalism">Minimalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postminimalism" title="Postminimalism">Postminimalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-minimalism" title="Neo-minimalism">Neo-minimalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Dada" title="Neo-Dada">Neo-Dada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neoism" title="Neoism">Neoism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postmodernism" title="Postmodernism">Postmodernism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Postmodernist_film" title="Postmodernist film">Postmodernist film</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Late_modernism" title="Late modernism">Late modernism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Primitivism" title="Primitivism">Primitivism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Situationist_International" title="Situationist International">Situationist International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_realism" title="Social realism">Social realism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_realism" title="Socialist realism">Socialist realism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surrealism" title="Surrealism">Surrealism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symbolism_(arts)" class="mw-redirect" title="Symbolism (arts)">Symbolism</a> 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