CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "//www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html xmlns="//www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" /><title>Galatians 1:8 But even if we or an angel from heaven should preach a gospel contrary to the one we preached to you, let him be under a curse!</title><link rel="canonical" href="https://biblehub.com/galatians/1-8.htm" /><link rel="stylesheet" href="/new9.css" type="text/css" media="Screen" /><meta property="og:image" content="https://biblehub.com/visuals/16/48_Gal_01_08.jpg" /><meta property="og:title" content="Galatians 1:8 - No Other Gospel" /><meta property="og:site_name" content="Bible Hub" /><meta property="og:description" content="But even if we or an angel from heaven should preach a gospel contrary to the one we preached to you, let him be under a curse!" /><script type="application/javascript" src="https://scripts.webcontentassessor.com/scripts/8a2459b64f9cac8122fc7f2eac4409c8555fac9383016db59c4c26e3d5b8b157"></script><script src='https://qd.admetricspro.com/js/biblehub/biblehub-layout-loader.js'></script><script id='HyDgbd_1s' src='https://prebidads.revcatch.com/ads.js' type='text/javascript' async></script> <script src='https://app.protectsubrev.com/biblehub.js' type='text/javascript'></script></head><body><div id="fx"><table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" id="fx2"><tr><td><iframe width="100%" height="30" scrolling="no" src="/vmenus/galatians/1-8.htm" align="left" frameborder="0"></iframe></td></tr></table></div><div id="blnk"></div><div align="center"><table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" class="maintable"><tr><td><div id="fx5"><table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" id="fx6"><tr><td><iframe width="100%" height="245" scrolling="no" src="/bmc/galatians/1-8.htm" frameborder="0"></iframe></td></tr></table></div></td></tr></table></div><div align="center"><table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" class="maintable3"><tr><td><table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="center" id="announce"><tr><td><div id="l1"><div id="breadcrumbs"><a href="/">Bible</a> > <a href="/galatians/">Galatians</a> > <a href="/galatians/1.htm">Chapter 1</a> > Verse 8</div><div id="anc"><iframe src="/anc.htm" width="100%" height="27" scrolling="no" frameborder="0"></iframe></div><div id="anc2"><table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"><tr><td><iframe src="/anc2.htm" width="100%" height="27" scrolling="no" frameborder="0"></iframe></td></tr></table></div></div><div id="ad1"><table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"><tr><td><iframe src="/ad1.htm" width="100%" height="48" scrolling="no" frameborder="0"></iframe></td></tr></table></div></td></tr></table><div id="movebox2"><table border="0" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tr><td><div id="topheading"><a href="/galatians/1-7.htm" title="Galatians 1:7">◄</a> Galatians 1:8 <a href="/galatians/1-9.htm" title="Galatians 1:9">►</a></div></tr></table></div><div align="center" class="maintable2"><table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"><tr><td><div id="topverse"> <a href="#study" class="clickchap2" title="Context and Study Bible"> Audio </a> <a href="#crossref" class="clickchap2" title="Cross References"> Crossref </a> <a href="#commentary" class="clickchap2" title="Commentary"> Comment </a> <a href="#lexicon" class="clickchap2" title="Lexicon"> Greek </a> </div><div id="leftbox"><div class="padleft"><div class="vheadingv">Verse<a href="/bsb/galatians/1.htm" class="clickchap" style="color:#001320" title="Click any translation name for full chapter">  (Click for Chapter)</a></div><div id="par"><a href="/niv/galatians/1.htm">New International Version</a> But even if we or an angel from heaven should preach a gospel other than the one we preached to you, let them be under God&#8217s curse! <a href="/nlt/galatians/1.htm">New Living Translation</a> Let God’s curse fall on anyone, including us or even an angel from heaven, who preaches a different kind of Good News than the one we preached to you. <a href="/esv/galatians/1.htm">English Standard Version</a> But even if we or an angel from heaven should preach to you a gospel contrary to the one we preached to you, let him be accursed. <a href="/bsb/galatians/1.htm">Berean Standard Bible</a> But even if we or an angel from heaven should preach a gospel contrary to the one we preached to you, let him be under a curse! <a href="/blb/galatians/1.htm">Berean Literal Bible</a> But even if we or an angel out of heaven should preach a gospel to you contrary to what we proclaimed to you, let him be accursed! <a href="/kjv/galatians/1.htm">King James Bible</a> But though we, or an angel from heaven, preach any other gospel unto you than that which we have preached unto you, let him be accursed. <a href="/nkjv/galatians/1.htm">New King James Version</a> But even if we, or an angel from heaven, preach any other gospel to you than what we have preached to you, let him be accursed. <a href="/nasb_/galatians/1.htm">New American Standard Bible</a> But even if we, or an angel from heaven, should preach to you a gospel contrary to what we have preached to you, he is to be accursed! <a href="/nasb/galatians/1.htm">NASB 1995</a> But even if we, or an angel from heaven, should preach to you a gospel contrary to what we have preached to you, he is to be accursed! <a href="/nasb77/galatians/1.htm">NASB 1977 </a> But even though we, or an angel from heaven, should preach to you a gospel contrary to that which we have preached to you, let him be accursed. <a href="/lsb/galatians/1.htm">Legacy Standard Bible </a> But even if we, or an angel from heaven, should proclaim to you a gospel contrary to the gospel we have proclaimed to you, let him be accursed! <a href="/amp/galatians/1.htm">Amplified Bible</a> But even if we, or an angel from heaven, should preach to you a gospel contrary to that which we [originally] preached to you, let him be condemned to destruction! <a href="/csb/galatians/1.htm">Christian Standard Bible</a> But even if we or an angel from heaven should preach to you a gospel contrary to what we have preached to you, a curse be on him! <a href="/hcsb/galatians/1.htm">Holman Christian Standard Bible</a> But even if we or an angel from heaven should preach to you a gospel other than what we have preached to you, a curse be on him! <a href="/asv/galatians/1.htm">American Standard Version</a> But though we, or an angel from heaven, should preach unto you any gospel other than that which we preached unto you, let him be anathema. <a href="/cev/galatians/1.htm">Contemporary English Version</a> I pray that God will punish anyone who preaches anything different from our message to you! It doesn't matter if that person is one of us or an angel from heaven. <a href="/erv/galatians/1.htm">English Revised Version</a> But though we, or an angel from heaven, should preach unto you any gospel other than that which we preached unto you, let him be anathema. <a href="/gwt/galatians/1.htm">GOD'S WORD® Translation</a> Whoever tells you good news that is different from the Good News we gave you should be condemned to hell, even if he is one of us or an angel from heaven. <a href="/gnt/galatians/1.htm">Good News Translation</a> But even if we or an angel from heaven should preach to you a gospel that is different from the one we preached to you, may he be condemned to hell! <a href="/isv/galatians/1.htm">International Standard Version</a> But even if we or an angel from heaven should proclaim to you a gospel contrary to what we proclaimed to you, let that person be condemned! <a href="/msb/galatians/1.htm">Majority Standard Bible</a> But even if we or an angel from heaven should preach a gospel contrary to the one we preached to you, let him be under a curse! <a href="/net/galatians/1.htm">NET Bible</a> But even if we (or an angel from heaven) should preach a gospel contrary to the one we preached to you, let him be condemned to hell! <a href="/nheb/galatians/1.htm">New Heart English Bible</a> But even though we, or an angel from heaven, should proclaim to you a "good news" other than that which we preached to you, let him be cursed. <a href="/wbt/galatians/1.htm">Webster's Bible Translation</a> But though we, or an angel from heaven, should preach any other gospel to you than that which we have preached to you, let him be accursed. <a href="/wey/galatians/1.htm">Weymouth New Testament</a> But if even we or an angel from Heaven should bring you a Good News different from that which we have already brought you, let him be accursed. <a href="/web/galatians/1.htm">World English Bible</a> But even though we, or an angel from heaven, should preach to you any “good news” other than that which we preached to you, let him be cursed. <div class="vheading2">Literal Translations</div><a href="/lsv/galatians/1.htm">Literal Standard Version</a> but even if we or a messenger out of Heaven may proclaim good news to you different from what we proclaimed to you—let him be accursed! <a href="/blb/galatians/1.htm">Berean Literal Bible</a> But even if we or an angel out of heaven should preach a gospel to you contrary to what we proclaimed to you, let him be accursed! <a href="/ylt/galatians/1.htm">Young's Literal Translation</a> but even if we or a messenger out of heaven may proclaim good news to you different from what we did proclaim to you -- anathema let him be! <a href="/slt/galatians/1.htm">Smith's Literal Translation</a> But also if we, or a messenger from heaven, announce good news to you, more than what: we have announced to you, let him be anathema.<div class="vheading2">Catholic Translations</div><a href="/drb/galatians/1.htm">Douay-Rheims Bible</a> But though we, or an angel from heaven, preach a gospel to you besides that which we have preached to you, let him be anathema. <a href="/cpdv/galatians/1.htm">Catholic Public Domain Version</a> But if anyone, even we ourselves or an Angel from Heaven, were to preach to you a gospel other than the one that we have preached to you, let him be anathema. <a href="/nabre/galatians/1.htm">New American Bible</a> But even if we or an angel from heaven should preach [to you] a gospel other than the one that we preached to you, let that one be accursed! <a href="/nrsvce/galatians/1.htm">New Revised Standard Version</a> But even if we or an angel from heaven should proclaim to you a gospel contrary to what we proclaimed to you, let that one be accursed!<div class="vheading2">Translations from Aramaic</div><a href="/lamsa/galatians/1.htm">Lamsa Bible</a> But though we, or an angel from heaven, preach any other gospel to you than that which we have preached to you, let him be accursed. <a href="/aramaic-plain-english/galatians/1.htm">Aramaic Bible in Plain English</a> But even if we or an Angel from Heaven should evangelize you outside of that which we have evangelized you, we or he would be damned;<div class="vheading2">NT Translations</div><a href="/anderson/galatians/1.htm">Anderson New Testament</a> But though we, or an angel from heaven, preach to you any other gospel than that which we have preached, let him be accursed. <a href="/godbey/galatians/1.htm">Godbey New Testament</a> But indeed if we, or an angel from heaven, may preach unto you any other gospel except that which we have preached unto you, let him be accursed. <a href="/haweis/galatians/1.htm">Haweis New Testament</a> But though even we, or an angel from heaven, preach unto you another gospel, different from that which we have preached to you, let him be an anathema. <a href="/mace/galatians/1.htm">Mace New Testament</a> but tho' I, or an angel from heaven should preach any thing to you for gospel, different from the gospel I have preached unto you, let him be accursed. <a href="/wey/galatians/1.htm">Weymouth New Testament</a> But if even we or an angel from Heaven should bring you a Good News different from that which we have already brought you, let him be accursed. <a href="/worrell/galatians/1.htm">Worrell New Testament</a> But even if we or an angel out of Heaven should proclaim a Gospel to you other than that which we delivered to you, let him be accursed! <a href="/worsley/galatians/1.htm">Worsley New Testament</a> But tho' we or an angel from heaven should preach to you any other gospel than what we have preached to you; let him be accursed. <a href="/parallel/galatians/1-8.htm">Additional Translations ...</a></div></div></div><div id="centbox"><div class="padcent"><a name="study" id="study"></a><div class="vheadingv">Audio Bible</div><iframe width="100%" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/Jv8Ri4CeT34?start=52" title="YouTube video player" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" allowfullscreen></iframe> <div class="vheadingv">Context</div><a href="/bsb/galatians/1.htm">No Other Gospel</a> …7which is not even a gospel. Evidently some people are troubling you and trying to distort the gospel of Christ. 8<a href="/greek/235.htm" title="235: Alla (Conj) -- But, except, however. Neuter plural of allos; properly, other things, i.e. contrariwise.">But</a> <a href="/greek/2532.htm" title="2532: kai (Conj) -- And, even, also, namely. ">even</a> <a href="/greek/1437.htm" title="1437: ean (Conj) -- If. From ei and an; a conditional particle; in case that, provided, etc.">if</a> <a href="/greek/1473.htm" title="1473: hēmeis (PPro-N1P) -- I, the first-person pronoun. A primary pronoun of the first person I.">we</a> <a href="/greek/2228.htm" title="2228: ē (Conj) -- Or, than. A primary particle of distinction between two connected terms; disjunctive, or; comparative, than.">or</a> <a href="/greek/32.htm" title="32: angelos (N-NMS) -- From aggello; a messenger; especially an angel; by implication, a pastor.">an angel</a> <a href="/greek/1537.htm" title="1537: ex (Prep) -- From out, out from among, from, suggesting from the interior outwards. A primary preposition denoting origin, from, out.">from</a> <a href="/greek/3772.htm" title="3772: ouranou (N-GMS) -- Perhaps from the same as oros; the sky; by extension, heaven; by implication, happiness, power, eternity; specially, the Gospel.">heaven</a> <a href="/greek/2097.htm" title="2097: euangelizētai (V-PSM-3S) -- From eu and aggelos; to announce good news especially the gospel.">should preach a gospel</a> <a href="/greek/4771.htm" title="4771: hymin (PPro-D2P) -- You. The person pronoun of the second person singular; thou."></a> <a href="/greek/3844.htm" title="3844: par’ (Prep) -- Gen: from; dat: beside, in the presence of; acc: alongside of. ">contrary to</a> <a href="/greek/3739.htm" title="3739: ho (RelPro-ANS) -- Who, which, what, that. ">the one</a> <a href="/greek/2097.htm" title="2097: euēngelisametha (V-AIM-1P) -- From eu and aggelos; to announce good news especially the gospel.">we preached</a> <a href="/greek/4771.htm" title="4771: hymin (PPro-D2P) -- You. The person pronoun of the second person singular; thou.">to you,</a> <a href="/greek/1510.htm" title="1510: estō (V-PMA-3S) -- I am, exist. The first person singular present indicative; a prolonged form of a primary and defective verb; I exist.">let him be</a> <a href="/greek/331.htm" title="331: anathema (N-NNS) -- A votive offering, a thing devoted to God; a curse, the thing cursed. From anatithemai; a ban or excommunicated.">under a curse!</a> 9As we have said before, so now I say again: If anyone is preaching to you a gospel contrary to the one you received, let him be under a curse!…<div class="cred"><a href="//berean.bible">Berean Standard Bible</a> · <a href="//berean.bible/downloads.htm">Download</a></div> <a name="crossref" id="crossref"></a><div class="vheading">Cross References</div><div id="crf"><a href="/2_corinthians/11-4.htm">2 Corinthians 11:4</a> For if someone comes and proclaims a Jesus other than the One we proclaimed, or if you receive a different spirit than the One you received, or a different gospel than the one you accepted, you put up with it very easily. <a href="/2_john/1-10.htm">2 John 1:10-11</a> If anyone comes to you but does not bring this teaching, do not receive him into your home or even greet him. / Whoever greets such a person shares in his evil deeds. <a href="/matthew/24-24.htm">Matthew 24:24</a> For false Christs and false prophets will appear and perform great signs and wonders to deceive even the elect, if that were possible. <a href="/1_timothy/6-3.htm">1 Timothy 6:3-5</a> If anyone teaches another doctrine and disagrees with the sound words of our Lord Jesus Christ and with godly teaching, / he is conceited and understands nothing. Instead, he has an unhealthy interest in controversies and disputes about words, out of which come envy, strife, abusive talk, evil suspicions, / and constant friction between men of depraved mind who are devoid of the truth. These men regard godliness as a means of gain. <a href="/2_peter/2-1.htm">2 Peter 2:1</a> Now there were also false prophets among the people, just as there will be false teachers among you. They will secretly introduce destructive heresies, even denying the Master who bought them—bringing swift destruction on themselves. <a href="/acts/20-29.htm">Acts 20:29-30</a> I know that after my departure, savage wolves will come in among you and will not spare the flock. / Even from your own number, men will rise up and distort the truth to draw away disciples after them. <a href="/1_john/4-1.htm">1 John 4:1</a> Beloved, do not believe every spirit, but test the spirits to see whether they are from God. For many false prophets have gone out into the world. <a href="/romans/16-17.htm">Romans 16:17-18</a> Now I urge you, brothers, to watch out for those who create divisions and obstacles that are contrary to the teaching you have learned. Turn away from them. / For such people are not serving our Lord Christ, but their own appetites. By smooth talk and flattery they deceive the hearts of the naive. <a href="/2_thessalonians/2-9.htm">2 Thessalonians 2:9-12</a> The coming of the lawless one will be accompanied by the working of Satan, with every kind of power, sign, and false wonder, / and with every wicked deception directed against those who are perishing, because they refused the love of the truth that would have saved them. / For this reason God will send them a powerful delusion so that they believe the lie, ... <a href="/revelation/22-18.htm">Revelation 22:18-19</a> I testify to everyone who hears the words of prophecy in this book: If anyone adds to them, God will add to him the plagues described in this book. / And if anyone takes away from the words of this book of prophecy, God will take away his share in the tree of life and the holy city, which are described in this book. <a href="/deuteronomy/13-1.htm">Deuteronomy 13:1-3</a> If a prophet or dreamer of dreams arises among you and proclaims a sign or wonder to you, / and if the sign or wonder he has spoken to you comes about, but he says, “Let us follow other gods (which you have not known) and let us worship them,” / you must not listen to the words of that prophet or dreamer. For the LORD your God is testing you to find out whether you love Him with all your heart and with all your soul. <a href="/jeremiah/23-16.htm">Jeremiah 23:16</a> This is what the LORD of Hosts says: “Do not listen to the words of the prophets who prophesy to you. They are filling you with false hopes. They speak visions from their own minds, not from the mouth of the LORD. <a href="/isaiah/8-20.htm">Isaiah 8:20</a> To the law and to the testimony! If they do not speak according to this word, they have no light of dawn. <a href="/deuteronomy/18-20.htm">Deuteronomy 18:20</a> But if any prophet dares to speak a message in My name that I have not commanded him to speak, or to speak in the name of other gods, that prophet must be put to death.” <a href="/jeremiah/14-14.htm">Jeremiah 14:14</a> “The prophets are prophesying lies in My name,” replied the LORD. “I did not send them or appoint them or speak to them. They are prophesying to you a false vision, a worthless divination, the futility and delusion of their own minds.</div> <a name="tsk" id="tsk"><div class="vheading">Treasury of Scripture</div>But though we, or an angel from heaven, preach any other gospel to you than that which we have preached to you, let him be accursed.though.<a href="/galatians/1-9.htm">Galatians 1:9</a> As we said before, so say I now again, If any man preach any other gospel unto you than that ye have received, let him be accursed.<a href="/1_corinthians/16-22.htm">1 Corinthians 16:22</a> If any man love not the Lord Jesus Christ, let him be Anathema Maranatha.<a href="/2_corinthians/11-13.htm">2 Corinthians 11:13,14</a> For such are false apostles, deceitful workers, transforming themselves into the apostles of Christ… let.<a href="/galatians/3-10.htm">Galatians 3:10,13</a> For as many as are of the works of the law are under the curse: for it is written, Cursed is every one that continueth not in all things which are written in the book of the law to do them… <a href="/genesis/9-25.htm">Genesis 9:25</a> And he said, Cursed be Canaan; a servant of servants shall he be unto his brethren.<a href="/deuteronomy/27-15.htm">Deuteronomy 27:15-26</a> Cursed be the man that maketh any graven or molten image, an abomination unto the LORD, the work of the hands of the craftsman, and putteth it in a secret place. And all the people shall answer and say, Amen… accursed.<a href="/mark/14-71.htm">Mark 14:71</a> But he began to curse and to swear, saying, I know not this man of whom ye speak.<a href="/acts/23-14.htm">Acts 23:14</a> And they came to the chief priests and elders, and said, We have bound ourselves under a great curse, that we will eat nothing until we have slain Paul.<a href="/romans/9-3.htm">Romans 9:3</a> For I could wish that myself were accursed from Christ for my brethren, my kinsmen according to the flesh:<div class="vheading">Jump to Previous</div><a href="/1_corinthians/16-22.htm">Accursed</a> <a href="/2_corinthians/13-2.htm">Already</a> <a href="/1_corinthians/16-22.htm">Anathema</a> <a href="/2_corinthians/12-7.htm">Angel</a> <a href="/2_corinthians/10-16.htm">Announce</a> <a href="/2_corinthians/11-7.htm">Announced</a> <a href="/2_corinthians/11-28.htm">Besides</a> <a href="/1_corinthians/11-34.htm">Condemned</a> <a href="/2_corinthians/10-4.htm">Contrary</a> <a href="/1_corinthians/16-22.htm">Curse</a> <a href="/1_corinthians/16-22.htm">Cursed</a> <a href="/galatians/1-6.htm">Different</a> <a href="/psalms/49-9.htm">Eternally</a> <a href="/galatians/1-7.htm">Glad</a> <a href="/galatians/1-7.htm">Good</a> <a href="/galatians/1-7.htm">Gospel</a> <a href="/2_corinthians/12-2.htm">Heaven</a> <a href="/2_corinthians/12-7.htm">Messenger</a> <a href="/galatians/1-7.htm">News</a> <a href="/2_corinthians/11-4.htm">Preach</a> <a href="/2_corinthians/11-7.htm">Preached</a> <a href="/1_corinthians/15-11.htm">Preacher</a> <a href="/2_corinthians/11-7.htm">Proclaim</a> <a href="/galatians/1-7.htm">Tidings</a><div class="vheading2">Jump to Next</div><a href="/galatians/1-9.htm">Accursed</a> <a href="/galatians/1-9.htm">Already</a> <a href="/galatians/1-9.htm">Anathema</a> <a href="/galatians/4-14.htm">Angel</a> <a href="/galatians/1-9.htm">Announce</a> <a href="/galatians/1-11.htm">Announced</a> <a href="/ephesians/6-16.htm">Besides</a> <a href="/galatians/1-9.htm">Condemned</a> <a href="/galatians/1-9.htm">Contrary</a> <a href="/galatians/1-9.htm">Curse</a> <a href="/galatians/1-9.htm">Cursed</a> <a href="/galatians/1-9.htm">Different</a> <a href="/galatians/1-9.htm">Eternally</a> <a href="/galatians/1-9.htm">Glad</a> <a href="/galatians/1-9.htm">Good</a> <a href="/galatians/1-9.htm">Gospel</a> <a href="/ephesians/1-10.htm">Heaven</a> <a href="/galatians/4-14.htm">Messenger</a> <a href="/galatians/1-9.htm">News</a> <a href="/galatians/1-9.htm">Preach</a> <a href="/galatians/1-11.htm">Preached</a> <a href="/galatians/1-9.htm">Preacher</a> <a href="/galatians/1-9.htm">Proclaim</a> <a href="/galatians/1-9.htm">Tidings</a><div class="vheading2">Galatians 1</div>1. <a href="/galatians/1-1.htm">Paul's greeting to the Galatians;</a> 6. <a href="/galatians/1-6.htm">He wonders why they have so soon left him and the gospel;</a> 8. <a href="/galatians/1-8.htm">and accurses those who preach any other gospel than he did.</a> 11. <a href="/galatians/1-11.htm">He learned the gospel not from men, but from God;</a> 14. <a href="/galatians/1-14.htm">and shows what he was before his calling;</a> 17. <a href="/galatians/1-17.htm">and what he did immediately after it.</a> </div></div><div id="mdd"><div align="center"><div class="bot2"><table align="center" width="100%"><tr><td><div align="center"> <script id="3d27ed63fc4348d5b062c4527ae09445"> (new Image()).src = 'https://capi.connatix.com/tr/si?token=51ce25d5-1a8c-424a-8695-4bd48c750f35&cid=3a9f82d0-4344-4f8d-ac0c-e1a0eb43a405'; </script> <script id="b817b7107f1d4a7997da1b3c33457e03"> (new Image()).src = 'https://capi.connatix.com/tr/si?token=cb0edd8b-b416-47eb-8c6d-3cc96561f7e8&cid=3a9f82d0-4344-4f8d-ac0c-e1a0eb43a405'; </script>  <div id='div-gpt-ad-1529103594582-2'> </div>  <div id='div-gpt-ad-1529103594582-0' style='max-width: 300px;'> </div>  <div id='div-gpt-ad-1529103594582-3'> </div>  <div id='div-gpt-ad-1529103594582-1' style='max-width: 300px;'> </div>  <div align="center" id='div-gpt-ad-1531425649696-0'> </div> <script type="text/javascript"> </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="//pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/show_ads.js"> </script> </div> </td></tr></table></div></div></div><div id="combox"><div class="padcom"><a name="commentary" id="commentary"></a><div class="vheading"><a href="/study/galatians/1.htm">Berean Study Bible</a></div>But even if we This phrase introduces a hypothetical scenario, emphasizing the seriousness of the message. The Greek word for "we" (ἡμεῖς) includes Paul and his companions, underscoring that no one, not even the apostles themselves, is above the truth of the Gospel. This highlights the unchanging nature of the Gospel message, which is not subject to human alteration or authority.or an angel from heaven The mention of an "angel from heaven" (ἄγγελος ἐξ οὐρανοῦ) serves to heighten the gravity of the warning. Angels were considered messengers of God, and their inclusion here underscores that even the most seemingly divine authority cannot alter the Gospel. This reflects the early Christian understanding of angels as powerful beings, yet subordinate to the truth of Christ's message.should preach a gospel contrary The Greek word for "contrary" (παρὰ) indicates something that is alongside or different from the original. This phrase warns against any deviation from the true Gospel, emphasizing the importance of doctrinal purity. In the historical context, this was a direct challenge to false teachers who were distorting the message of Christ.to the one we preached to you This refers to the original Gospel message that Paul and his companions delivered. The Greek word for "preached" (εὐηγγελισάμεθα) is related to the term for "good news" or "Gospel" (εὐαγγέλιον). It underscores the authoritative and foundational nature of the apostolic teaching, which was rooted in the revelation of Jesus Christ.let him be under a curse The phrase "under a curse" (ἀνάθεμα) is a strong denunciation, indicating that anyone who distorts the Gospel is to be rejected and condemned. This reflects the seriousness with which the early church viewed doctrinal integrity. The use of "curse" echoes Old Testament language, where being under a curse signified separation from the community and from God’s favor.<div class="vheading2"><a href="/commentaries/ellicott/galatians/1.htm">Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers</a></div>(8) Though.--The Greek is, strictly, even though, marking an extreme and improbable supposition.We.--It seems, perhaps, too much to say, in the face of <a href="/2_thessalonians/2-2.htm" title="That you be not soon shaken in mind, or be troubled, neither by spirit, nor by word, nor by letter as from us, as that the day of Christ is at hand.">2Thessalonians 2:2</a> ("by letter as from us"), that St. Paul never used the plural in speaking of himself alone. Still there may, both there and here, be some thought of associating his more immediate companions ("the brethren which are with me," <a href="/galatians/1-2.htm" title="And all the brothers which are with me, to the churches of Galatia:">Galatians 1:2</a>) with himself, the more so as he knew them to be entirely at one with him in doctrine.Than that.--The Greek has here, not a conjunction, but a preposition, the precise sense of which is ambiguous. It may mean "besides," "in addition," or it may mean "contrary to." The first of these senses has met with the most favour from Protestant, the second from Roman Catholic commentators, as, on the one hand, it seemed to exclude, and on the other to admit, the appeal to tradition. Looking at it strictly in connection with the context, the sense "contrary" seems best, because the gospel taught by the Judaising teachers was "another," in the sense of being different from that of St. Paul. It was a fundamental opposition of principles, not merely the addition of certain new doctrines to the old.Accursed.--See <a href="/1_corinthians/16-22.htm" title="If any man love not the Lord Jesus Christ, let him be Anathema Maranatha.">1Corinthians 16:22</a>. The original Greek word is retained in the translation, Let him be Anathema. The word exists in two forms, with a long e and a short e respectively; and whereas its original meaning was simply that of being "devoted to God," the form with the long vowel came by gradual usage to be reserved for the good side of this: "devoted, in the sense of consecration; "while the form with the short vowel was in like manner reserved for the bad sense: "devoted to the curse of God." Attempts have been made to weaken its significance in this passage by restricting it to "ex-communication by the Church;" but this, though a later ecclesiastical use of the word, was not current at such an early date.In considering the dogmatic application, it is right to bear in mind the nature of the heretical doctrines which it was the Apostle's object to denounce. They made no profession to be deduced from his own, but were in radical and avowed opposition to them. Still, there is room to believe that if the Apostle could have reviewed his own words at a calmer moment he might have said of himself: "I spake as a man."<div class="vheading2"><a href="/commentaries/pulpit/galatians/1.htm">Pulpit Commentary</a></div>Verse 8. - But though we (ἀλλὰ καὶ ἐὰν ἡμεῖς); but even if we ourselves. This "but" (ἀλλὰ) is strongly adversative. What those disturbers of the believer's peace would have been fain to do was a thing impossible. Heaven's gospel could not be thus changed. And the attempt to thus change it, being in effect to fight against God, merited God's curse. In the plural "we" the apostle intends principally his own self. A shrinking from unnecessary self-obtrusion, and tender respectful sympathy with his ministerial brethren, prompt him not unfrequently to veil his own individuality by associating in this way with himself those who were wont to share more or less in his evangelistic labours and sufferings, although in reality what he says may apply principally to himself and only in a very modified measure to them. A signal instance of this is furnished by that whole passage in his Second Epistle to the Corinthians, which begins with the fourth chapter and goes on down to the eleventh verse of the sixth. Nevertheless, we should in all such cases imperfectly represent the spirit of his words, if we were to substitute the singular pronoun "I." In the present instance individuals of the evangelizing party which were wont to accompany him had, no doubt, been fellow-workers with him also in Galatia, and are therefore here inclusively referred to. Compare the plural and the singular verbs in the next verse. The introduction of this reference to himself and his fellow-workers, as well as that to "an angel from heaven," seems meant to make his readers feel that this was no question of distinguished personality, as if it mattered who it was that taught a different doctrine; whether (suppose) it were a James or a Cephas, for those revered names were often used to cloak the designs of Judaizers; or whether it was one of the Galatian Churchmen themselves especially looked up to (cf. <a href="/galatians/5-10.htm">Galatians 5:10</a> and note). An anathema was his due, whoever he might be. In the manner of its introduction we cannot fail to recognize an underlying consciousness on the writer's part of the highly distinguished position which he himself held; but there is present the consciousness too that he was nothing more than the mere organ or channel of Christ's teaching; from that teaching he himself may not swerve without justly incurring the "woe" which he told the Corinthians he should have to fear in case he preached not the gospel (<a href="/1_corinthians/9-16.htm">1 Corinthians 9:16</a>). Or an angel from heaven preach any other gospel unto you than that which we have preached unto you (η} ἄγγελος ἐξ οὐρανοῦ εὐαγγελίζηται ὑμῖν παρ ο{ εὐηγγελισάμεθα ὑμῖν); or if an angel from heaven should set himself to preach unto you a gospel other than that we preached unto you. The construction of the entire sentence displays in the Greek a broken character not quite so apparent in our Authorized Version. The verb "should preach a gospel" is in the singular number (εὐαγγελίζηται); neglecting the "we," it attaches itself to "an angel from heaven," which latter, as being the higher, absorbs the previously named subject altogether, standing as sole subject, both in the hypothetical clause and in the concluding one, "let him be anathema." It is, of course, apparent that, if the sentence of anathema would in the supposed case be the only proper one to pronounce upon "an angel from heaven," it most certainly fastens upon any human being guilty of the same offence. The "angel from heaven" is like the "second man from heaven" in <a href="/1_corinthians/15-47.htm">1 Corinthians 15:47</a>; the phrase," from heaven," denoting both coming down out of heaven and also the higher sphere of being to which the person spoken of appertains. Comp. also <a href="/john/3-31.htm">John 3:31</a>, "He that is from earth... he that is from heaven." The force of the preposition παρὰ in εὐαγγελίζηται παρ ο{ εὐηγγελισάμεθα may he illustrated by its use in <a href="/1_corinthians/3-11.htm">1 Corinthians 3:11</a>, "Other foundation can no man lay than (παρὰ) that which is laid;" where it points to a new foundation, not to be by the side of, but to supersede, the former one. Taken thus, it would seem to follow up the before expressed notion of" another gospel" superseding, setting aside, the true gospel. This sense of the preposition readily passes on to that of "contrary to." which is profusely illustrated by Liddell and Scott ('Lexicon,' in verb. παρά, c. I. 1:4, b), and which we have in Acts 18:13, "Worship God contrary to the Law [of Moses];" <a href="/romans/16-17.htm">Romans 16:17</a>," Causing the divisions... contrary to the doctrine which ye learned;" <a href="/romans/1-26.htm">Romans 1:26</a>, "use which is against nature." It cannot be doubted that the apostle is here thinking of a (pretended) gospel which was incompatible with the true one, and not of merely additional elements of Christian doctrine which should take their place alongside of those which they had already received. Additional information, we may be sure, was quite as necessary or desirable for the Galatians as it was for either the Corinthians or the "Hebrews;" neither of whom had as yet, as was intimated to them (<a href="/1_corinthians/3-2.htm">1 Corinthians 3:2</a>; <a href="/hebrews/5-12.htm">Hebrews 5:12</a>; <a href="/hebrews/6.htm">Hebrews 6</a>. l), been fed with "solid food," but only with "milk," and whom it behoved to "go on to fuller maturity" of knowledge. The point in the apostle's view was this: what he had himself taught them was, so far, certainly true and to be depended upon, and could not without treason against Christ be set aside or superseded or essentially qualified; whereas the teaching which was now being foisted upon their previous convictions did infringe upon what he had taught them, seriously and even fundamentally. The tenor of the whole Epistle shows what were the especial features of this gospel which were now in question. The present question concerned the "good news" that God, through the cross of Christ, had emancipated his servants from bondage to ceremonialism; that God adopted them as simply believing in Christ to be his sons in full possession of his fatherly love; and that by the Holy Spirit he endued them with the consciousness of this adoption. There has been at times much discussion as to the bearing of the passage before us upon our controversy with Romanists respecting tradition. If what has been above stated is just, it follows that these words of the apostle forbid our adding, on any ground whatever, to the dogma or Church practice sanctioned by Scripture, any such dogma or Church practice as would transform or essentially modify the former, but, on the other hand, the addition of dogma or Church practice which is not out of harmony with that sanctioned by Scripture, these words do not forbid. Let him be accursed (ἀνάθεμα ἔστω); let him be anathema, that is, a thing doomed to destruction. The word ἀνάθεμα is originally identical with ἀνάθημα (anathema), a thing devoted, which in <a href="/luke/21-5.htm">Luke 21:5</a> is rendered "offering;" but in Hellenistic Greek the former diverges from the latter by being ordinarily applied to "a thing devoted to destruction." In all languages it sometimes occurs that a word, one and the same originally, diverges into two slightly differing forms, used severally to express different phases of the original notion. Archbishop Trench, in his 'Study of Words,' p. 156, referred to by Bishop Lightfoot in his note on this passage, instances "cant" and "chant," "human" and "humane," and others. In the LXX. anathema is used to render the Hebrew word cherem, which in our Authorized Version is translated "cursed" or "accursed thing." Living things that were cherem were to be put to death; inanimate objects that were cherem were to be destroyed. Thus in <a href="/deuteronomy/13.htm">Deuteronomy 13</a>. directions are given as to what was to be done in the case of an Israelite city which should have given itself to idolatry: the inhabitants and the cattle thereof were to be smitten with the edge of the sword; and the spoil of the city was to be brought together and burned, and the city itself" to be a heap for ever, never to be built again." And then (ver. 18), "There shall cleave nought of the cursed [or, 'devoted'] thing (cherem, ἀνάθεμα) to thine hand." Similarly, in <a href="/deuteronomy/7-26.htm">Deuteronomy 7:26</a>, of the idols and the silver or gold on them, of the Canaanites, "Thou shalt not take it unto thee, neither shalt thou bring an abomination unto thine house, lest thou be a cursed thing ['be cherem,' or 'be anathema,' ἔση ἀνάθεμα] like it; but thou shalt utterly detest it, and thou shalt utterly abhor it; for it is a cursed thing (ἀνάθεμά ἐστι)." See also ibid., vers. 23-25; <a href="/leviticus/27-28.htm">Leviticus 27:28, 29</a>; <a href="/joshua/6-17.htm">Joshua 6:17</a>, "The city shall be accursed [or, ' devoted; cherem, ἀνάθεμα], and all that are therein; only Rahab the harlot shall live;" <a href="/joshua/7-1.htm">Joshua 7:1, 12</a>. In the New Testament anathema occurs in four other passages. 1. <a href="/1_corinthians/12-3.htm">1 Corinthians 12:3</a>, "No man speaking in the Spirit of God saith, Jesus is anathema." Here the apostle, no doubt, refers to the manner in which the unbelieving Jews allowed themselves, already then, to speak of our Lord. Clearly they meant thereby more than merely "excommunicate," which palliated sense some have endeavoured to give to "anathema;" they cannot be supposed to have intended less than an object which merited that utter extinction to which he who was cherem was under the Law doomed: their blaspheming thought, no doubt, taking into its view not this world only, but that also which is to come. 2. <a href="/romans/9-3.htm">Romans 9:3</a>, "I could pray that I myself were anathema from Christ for my brethren's sake." The reader naturally casts about to find some qualification to give to an utterance which seems at first sight to express a wish such as one who loved Christ so ardently as Paul did could not possibly have entertained. Yet the' words, "anathema from Christ," can mean nothing less than being separated from Christ by a curse consigning him to perdition. The desiderated qualification must be sought in the phrase, "I could pray;" this renders an imperfect verb (ηὐχόμην), which expresses a turn of thought similar to that denoted in the (ἤθελον), "I could wish," of <a href="/galatians/4-20.htm">Galatians 4:20</a>, on which see note. In each case the tense betokens a mere glance (so to speak) of wish which is instantly withdrawn. 3. <a href="/1_corinthians/16-22.htm">1 Corinthians 16:22</a>, "If any man loveth not the Lord, let him be anathema." Here, too, the notion of Church excommunication, whether by formal exclusion or by the withdrawal of brotherly recognition, is not satisfactory. The Israelite notion of being anathema, cherem, points to a no mere negation, but to a condition of positive accursedness linked with exposure to utter destruction. Moreover the apostle refers to a man's interior sentiments with respect to Christ - a matter not within the cognisance of human judgments. Who can in many cases, or perhaps in any, determine whether another loves Christ or not? It is in truth a warning against a soul's disloyalty to the Lord Jesus, clothing itself in the form of an execration - an execration which, it is true, is an impetuous flashing forth of the apostle's own flaming sense of what is due to Christ from every human being, but which is nowise chargeable with extravagance. Its perfect justness, as well as the verification which awaits it in the future judgment, is evinced, as by other considerations, so also by our Lord's own words in <a href="/matthew/25-41.htm">Matthew 25:41-46</a>. 4. <a href="/acts/23-14.htm">Acts 23:14</a>, "We have bound ourselves under a great curse;" literally, "We have anathematized [or, 'solemnly bound'] ourselves with anathema (ἀναθέματι ἀνεθεματίσαμεν ἑαυτούς)." They had sat, I, no doubt, some such words as these: "May we be anathema if we taste aught till we have killed Paul!" with which we may conjoin <a href="/mark/14-71.htm">Mark 14:71</a>, "He began to pronounce a curse (ἀναθεματίζειν) and to swear" - not, to be sure, pronouncing a curse upon Jesus, but wishing himself to be anathema if he knew that Man. There can be little doubt that the anathema in both these cases involved a reference to eternal perdition. That no less is intended by the term in the present verse and, therefore, also in that next to it, is further proved by reference to the hypothetical "angel from heaven" who should be found preaching a different gospel. Being anathema must involve for such a one excision from the kingdom of light, together with whatever destruction properly attends thereupon. What, it will be asked, is the precise force of the "let him be," both here and in <a href="/1_corinthians/16-22.htm">1 Corinthians 16:22</a>? It cannot denote less than a complacent satisfied acquiescence. The apostle-prophet not only foresees that, at the final judgment, such will be the doom of the wilful perverter of the gospel, but foresees it with a mind at one with the Judge who shall pronounce it; he can himself desire, he does desire, no ether. It is his loyal sympathy with Christ as Saviour, as caring for the souls of men, that prompts him to proclaim aloud for the warning of the false teachers themselves as well as for the warning of those inclined to hearken to their false teaching, his own solemn Amen to the terrible sentence awaiting them. But if so, why not allow the imperative its full force, and understand the utterance as an imperative? It is granted that the apostle was apt at times to be carried away by the fervid impetuosity of his feelings, even when writing, to the utterance of words which in calmer mood he would be ready to a certain extent to retract. We have a clear example of such retractation in <a href="/1_corinthians/6-4.htm">1 Corinthians 6:4, 5</a> (see note below on Galatians 5:12). But, in the case before us, that the vehemence of the apostle's language is a deliberate vehemence, and no mere momentary outburst of excited feeling, is proved by the solemn measured iteration in the next verse. And if we suppose, what seems to be most probable, that that verse refers to a similar denunciation uttered among the Galatians a good while before, the proof is all the stronger that his language is no sudden exorbitancy of passionate emotion, but expresses an abiding sentiment. We are to remember that it is the very substance of the gospel which the apostle feels to be assailed. The gospel, he knew, both by inspired insight and by his own experience, to be "the power of God unto salvation to every one that believeth. "Of this gospel Christ had himself declared that "he that believed it should be saved, and he that disbelieved it should be condemned" (<a href="/mark/16-16.htm">Mark 16:16</a>). Wherein does "being anathema" differ from "being condemned"? And if the disbelieving "shall be condemned," can a less guiltiness be supposed to attach to one who not only disbelieved the gospel himself, but was also plucking it out of the hearts of others and palming off upon them instead a false gospel which was no salvation? "But could St. Paul, being such a lover of souls as he was, imprecate a doom of perdition to fall upon any soul of man?" Absolutely, we may say he could not; but conditionally, he might, and that in perfect consistency with his usual habits of feeling - conditionally, on the supposition, that is, that the sin was not repented of and forsaken. It was his very love of souls that would impel him thus to speak, not only on behalf of the souls which the bringer-in of a false doctrine might destroy, but on behalf of the deceiver's own self. He pronounces the doom in order to deter and thus save. We have to remember, too, that the apostle is not, at the dictate of his own passionate zeal for the truth, constituting either a new sin or a new measure of penalty. He simply, as prophet and apostle, utters forth the mind of him who is Lawgiver and Judge. This last consideration suggests the limits within which only can the apostle's action in this matter be regarded as an example for imitation. It is lawful to us to recite, as the Church of England speaks in her Commination Office: "the general sentences of God's cursing against impenitent sinners gathered out of Scripture" - and by "general sentences" we are to understand sentences pronounced upon classes of offenders, not sentences upon individual persons, to whom we may conjecture them to be applicable. It is lawful also to us individually and right, that we should add to the utterance of each sentence our hearty "Amen," and thus take part with God and his Law, not only against sins committed by our neighbours, but most especially and above all against wilful transgressions of our own. But beyond this, none who are not special organs of inspiration may venture to go, whether acting individually or in any corporate capacity. An anathema is a bolt of doom such as the Almighty alone can fashion or make operative; and we are invading the Divine prerogative and working mischief and peril for ourselves if, on the one hand, we venture to enlarge and make more specific than he has done his "general sentences of cursing," or, on the other, dilute the force of these solemn warnings of his, and treat them with disregard. <a href="/commentaries/galatians/1-8.htm">Parallel Commentaries ...</a> <a name="lexicon" id="lexicon"></a><div class="vheading">Greek</div>But Ἀλλὰ (Alla) Conjunction <a href="/greek/strongs_235.htm">Strong's 235: </a> But, except, however. Neuter plural of allos; properly, other things, i.e. contrariwise. even καὶ (kai) Conjunction <a href="/greek/strongs_2532.htm">Strong's 2532: </a> And, even, also, namely. if ἐὰν (ean) Conjunction <a href="/greek/strongs_1437.htm">Strong's 1437: </a> If. From ei and an; a conditional particle; in case that, provided, etc. we ἡμεῖς (hēmeis) Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Nominative 1st Person Plural <a href="/greek/strongs_1473.htm">Strong's 1473: </a> I, the first-person pronoun. A primary pronoun of the first person I. or ἢ (ē) Conjunction <a href="/greek/strongs_2228.htm">Strong's 2228: </a> Or, than. A primary particle of distinction between two connected terms; disjunctive, or; comparative, than. an angel ἄγγελος (angelos) Noun - Nominative Masculine Singular <a href="/greek/strongs_32.htm">Strong's 32: </a> From aggello; a messenger; especially an 'angel'; by implication, a pastor. from ἐξ (ex) Preposition <a href="/greek/strongs_1537.htm">Strong's 1537: </a> From out, out from among, from, suggesting from the interior outwards. A primary preposition denoting origin, from, out. heaven οὐρανοῦ (ouranou) Noun - Genitive Masculine Singular <a href="/greek/strongs_3772.htm">Strong's 3772: </a> Perhaps from the same as oros; the sky; by extension, heaven; by implication, happiness, power, eternity; specially, the Gospel. should preach a gospel εὐαγγελίζηται (euangelizētai) Verb - Present Subjunctive Middle - 3rd Person Singular <a href="/greek/strongs_2097.htm">Strong's 2097: </a> From eu and aggelos; to announce good news especially the gospel. contrary to παρ’ (par’) Preposition <a href="/greek/strongs_3844.htm">Strong's 3844: </a> Gen: from; dat: beside, in the presence of; acc: alongside of. the one ὃ (ho) Personal / Relative Pronoun - Accusative Neuter Singular <a href="/greek/strongs_3739.htm">Strong's 3739: </a> Who, which, what, that. we preached εὐηγγελισάμεθα (euēngelisametha) Verb - Aorist Indicative Middle - 1st Person Plural <a href="/greek/strongs_2097.htm">Strong's 2097: </a> From eu and aggelos; to announce good news especially the gospel. to you, ὑμῖν (hymin) Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Dative 2nd Person Plural <a href="/greek/strongs_4771.htm">Strong's 4771: </a> You. The person pronoun of the second person singular; thou. let him be ἔστω (estō) Verb - Present Imperative Active - 3rd Person Singular <a href="/greek/strongs_1510.htm">Strong's 1510: </a> I am, exist. The first person singular present indicative; a prolonged form of a primary and defective verb; I exist. under a divine curse! ἀνάθεμα (anathema) Noun - Nominative Neuter Singular <a href="/greek/strongs_331.htm">Strong's 331: </a> A votive offering, a thing devoted to God; a curse, the thing cursed. From anatithemai; a ban or excommunicated. <div class="vheading">Links</div><a href="/niv/galatians/1-8.htm">Galatians 1:8 NIV</a> <a href="/nlt/galatians/1-8.htm">Galatians 1:8 NLT</a> <a href="/esv/galatians/1-8.htm">Galatians 1:8 ESV</a> <a href="/nasb/galatians/1-8.htm">Galatians 1:8 NASB</a> <a href="/kjv/galatians/1-8.htm">Galatians 1:8 KJV</a> <a href="//bibleapps.com/galatians/1-8.htm">Galatians 1:8 BibleApps.com</a> <a href="//bibliaparalela.com/galatians/1-8.htm">Galatians 1:8 Biblia Paralela</a> <a href="//holybible.com.cn/galatians/1-8.htm">Galatians 1:8 Chinese Bible</a> <a href="//saintebible.com/galatians/1-8.htm">Galatians 1:8 French Bible</a> <a href="/catholic/galatians/1-8.htm">Galatians 1:8 Catholic Bible</a> <a href="/galatians/1-8.htm">NT Letters: Galatians 1:8 But even though we or an angel (Gal. Ga) </a></div></div></td></tr></table></div><div id="left"><a href="/galatians/1-7.htm" onmouseover='lft.src="/leftgif.png"' onmouseout='lft.src="/left.png"' title="Galatians 1:7"><img src="/left.png" name="lft" border="0" alt="Galatians 1:7" /></a></div><div id="right"><a href="/galatians/1-9.htm" onmouseover='rght.src="/rightgif.png"' onmouseout='rght.src="/right.png"' title="Galatians 1:9"><img src="/right.png" name="rght" border="0" alt="Galatians 1:9" /></a></div><div id="botleft"><a href="#" onmouseover='botleft.src="/botleftgif.png"' onmouseout='botleft.src="/botleft.png"' title="Top of Page"><img src="/botleft.png" name="botleft" border="0" alt="Top of Page" /></a></div><div id="botright"><a href="#" onmouseover='botright.src="/botrightgif.png"' onmouseout='botright.src="/botright.png"' title="Top of Page"><img src="/botright.png" name="botright" border="0" alt="Top of Page" /></a></div><div id="bot"><iframe width="100%" height="1500" scrolling="no" src="/botmenubhnew2.htm" frameborder="0"></iframe></div></td></tr></table></div></body></html>