CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, shrink-to-fit=no"> <script src="https://cdn-ukwest.onetrust.com/scripttemplates/otSDKStub.js" data-document-language="true" type="text/javascript" charset="UTF-8" data-domain-script="0638869d-3d27-434f-b3ab-0dc0e9cf70f8" tb-donotmove></script> <script type="text/javascript" tb-donotmove> function OptanonWrapper() { } </script> <link rel="shortcut icon" href="https://static.mobilityengineeringtech.com/templates/met_2022/images/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" /> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="180x180" href="/templates/met_2022/images/apple-touch-icon.png"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="32x32" href="https://static.mobilityengineeringtech.com/templates/met_2022/images/favicon-32x32.png"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="16x16" href="https://static.mobilityengineeringtech.com/templates/met_2022/images/favicon-16x16.png"> <link rel="manifest" href="/templates/met_2022/images/site.webmanifest"> <link rel="mask-icon" href="/templates/met_2022/images/safari-pinned-tab.svg" color="#5bbad5"> <meta name="msapplication-TileColor" content="#ffc40d"> <meta name="theme-color" content="#ffffff"> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/"> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://fonts.gstatic.com/"> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/"> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://res.cloudinary.com/"> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://kit.fontawesome.com/"> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://kit-pro.fontawesome.com/"> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://www.googletagmanager.com/"> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://www.googletagservices.com/"> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://www.google-analytics.com/"> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://cdn.shareaholic.net"> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://olytics.omeda.com"> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://securepubads.g.doubleclick.net/"> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://px.ads.linkedin.com"> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://snap.licdn.com"> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://cdn-ukwest.onetrust.com"> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://agent.extrawatch.com"> <link rel="preload" as="style" href="/templates/met_2022/css/template.min.css?t=1732180729" integrity="sha512-UtoJaAI/4JQBZM00iYjo3qQK6A+Ak0jFi1wyU8KpaMUjQeqnekY5yHFR3nMajeDbJPLgcQD0/N3vXpzqE5uLHQ==" crossorigin="anonymous" referrerpolicy="no-referrer"/> <link rel="preload" as="script" href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/cloudinary-core/2.13.1/cloudinary-core-shrinkwrap.min.js" integrity="sha512-stp48jOOmT4TXnB4bMJ0rlcR7XagE92cqr7pEb+oFQox6qNSyKiN31GajDsg5VVn+HgM5mhOZinSRXowsRmgPg==" crossorigin="anonymous" referrerpolicy="no-referrer"/> <link rel="preload" as="script" href="https://kit.fontawesome.com/e04325f501.js" crossorigin="anonymous" referrerpolicy="no-referrer"/> <link rel="preload" as="script" href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/masonry/4.2.2/masonry.pkgd.min.js" integrity="sha512-JRlcvSZAXT8+5SQQAvklXGJuxXTouyq8oIMaYERZQasB8SBDHZaUbeASsJWpk0UUrf89DP3/aefPPrlMR1h1yQ==" crossorigin="anonymous" referrerpolicy="no-referrer"/> <link rel="preload" as="script" href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/lazysizes/5.3.2/lazysizes.min.js" integrity="sha512-q583ppKrCRc7N5O0n2nzUiJ+suUv7Et1JGels4bXOaMFQcamPk9HjdUknZuuFjBNs7tsMuadge5k9RzdmO+1GQ==" crossorigin="anonymous" referrerpolicy="no-referrer"/> <link rel="preload" as="script" href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/lazysizes/5.3.2/plugins/print/ls.print.min.js" integrity="sha512-tY3D/iSWSdQE2NSLW/mRWQd/bvHAGjyCLRwSd23sqNbbgVnUaah2t+ZpX7hdBOskZ7PqYvwe4E+qxNARGojJGQ==" crossorigin="anonymous" referrerpolicy="no-referrer"/> <link rel="preload" as="script" href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/jquery/3.7.1/jquery.min.js" integrity="sha512-v2CJ7UaYy4JwqLDIrZUI/4hqeoQieOmAZNXBeQyjo21dadnwR+8ZaIJVT8EE2iyI61OV8e6M8PP2/4hpQINQ/g==" crossorigin="anonymous" referrerpolicy="no-referrer"/> <link rel="preload" as="script" href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/bootstrap/5.2.3/js/bootstrap.bundle.min.js" integrity="sha512-i9cEfJwUwViEPFKdC1enz4ZRGBj8YQo6QByFTF92YXHi7waCqyexvRD75S5NVTsSiTv7rKWqG9Y5eFxmRsOn0A==" crossorigin="anonymous" referrerpolicy="no-referrer"/> <link rel="preload" as="script" href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/limonte-sweetalert2/11.14.5/sweetalert2.all.min.js" integrity="sha512-m4zOGknNg3h+mK09EizkXi9Nf7B3zwsN9ow+YkYIPZoA6iX2vSzLezg4FnW0Q6Z1CPaJdwgUFQ3WSAUC4E/5Hg==" crossorigin="anonymous" referrerpolicy="no-referrer"/> <link rel="preload" as="style" href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/bootstrap-select/1.14.0-beta3/css/bootstrap-select.min.css" integrity="sha512-g2SduJKxa4Lbn3GW+Q7rNz+pKP9AWMR++Ta8fgwsZRCUsawjPvF/BxSMkGS61VsR9yinGoEgrHPGPn2mrj8+4w==" crossorigin="anonymous" referrerpolicy="no-referrer"/> <link rel="preload" as="script" href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/bootstrap-select/1.14.0-beta3/js/bootstrap-select.min.js" integrity="sha512-yrOmjPdp8qH8hgLfWpSFhC/+R9Cj9USL8uJxYIveJZGAiedxyIxwNw4RsLDlcjNlIRR4kkHaDHSmNHAkxFTmgg==" crossorigin="anonymous" referrerpolicy="no-referrer"/> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta name="robots" content="index, follow"> <meta name="keywords" content="Test & Measurement,Inspection Equipment,Measuring Instruments,Monitoring,Instrumentation,Testing Procedures,Metrology,Automatic Test Equipment (ATE),Oscilloscopes,Logic Analyzers,Thermal/IR Testers,Meters Handheld Instruments,Continuity Testers,Signal Generators,Time-Domain Reflectometers,Spectrum Analyzers"> <meta name="author" content="SAE Media Group"> <meta property="og:description" content="Discover the latest advancements in aerospace test and measurement technologies, enhancing accuracy, reliability, and performance in aerospace engineering."> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <meta value="twitter:site" content="@TechBriefsMag"> <meta name="description" content="Discover the latest advancements in aerospace test and measurement technologies, enhancing accuracy, reliability, and performance in aerospace engineering."> <title>Test & Measurement - Mobility Engineering Technology</title> <link href="https://www.mobilityengineeringtech.com/met/topic/aerospace/test-measurement" rel="canonical"> <style>/** * Critical CSS created by criticalcss.com * file: /css/critical/tags-topic.css' * createdAt : 2024-11-21T09:24:53.000Z * resultStatus : GOOD * originalSize : 288152 * size : 0 * validationStatus : GOOD */ @charset "UTF-8";@font-face{font-family:Lato;font-style:normal;font-weight:400;font-display:swap;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/lato/v24/S6uyw4BMUTPHjx4wWw.ttf) format('truetype')}@font-face{font-family:Lato;font-style:normal;font-weight:700;font-display:swap;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/lato/v24/S6u9w4BMUTPHh6UVSwiPHA.ttf) format('truetype')}@font-face{font-family:Lato;font-style:normal;font-weight:900;font-display:swap;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/lato/v24/S6u9w4BMUTPHh50XSwiPHA.ttf) format('truetype')}:root{--bs-blue:#324a98;--bs-indigo:#6610f2;--bs-purple:#6f42c1;--bs-pink:#e83e8c;--bs-red:#e60000;--bs-orange:#fd7e14;--bs-yellow:#ffc107;--bs-green:#28a745;--bs-teal:#20c997;--bs-cyan:#17a2b8;--bs-black:#000000;--bs-white:#ffffff;--bs-gray:#6c757d;--bs-gray-dark:#343a40;--bs-gray-100:#f8f9fa;--bs-gray-200:#e9ecef;--bs-gray-300:#dee2e6;--bs-gray-400:#ced4da;--bs-gray-500:#adb5bd;--bs-gray-600:#6c757d;--bs-gray-700:#495057;--bs-gray-800:#343a40;--bs-gray-900:#212529;--bs-primary:#005095;--bs-secondary:#6c757d;--bs-success:#28a745;--bs-info:#17a2b8;--bs-warning:#ffc107;--bs-danger:#e60000;--bs-light:#f8f9fa;--bs-dark:#212529;--bs-inverse:#000000;--bs-navbar:#005095;--bs-navitem:#ffffff;--bs-lightgray:#e9ecef;--bs-color-indigo:#6610f2;--bs-color-cyan:#17a2b8;--bs-color-blue:#324a98;--bs-color-orange:#fd7e14;--bs-color-red:#e60000;--bs-color-yellow:#ffc107;--bs-color-teal:#20c997;--bs-color-green:#28a745;--bs-color-pink:#e83e8c;--bs-color-black:#000000;--bs-color-white:#ffffff;--bs-color-gray:#6c757d;--bs-color-gray-dark:#343a40;--bs-primary-rgb:0,80,149;--bs-secondary-rgb:108,117,125;--bs-success-rgb:40,167,69;--bs-info-rgb:23,162,184;--bs-warning-rgb:255,193,7;--bs-danger-rgb:230,0,0;--bs-light-rgb:248,249,250;--bs-dark-rgb:33,37,41;--bs-inverse-rgb:0,0,0;--bs-navbar-rgb:0,80,149;--bs-navitem-rgb:255,255,255;--bs-lightgray-rgb:233,236,239;--bs-color-indigo-rgb:102,16,242;--bs-color-cyan-rgb:23,162,184;--bs-color-blue-rgb:50,74,152;--bs-color-orange-rgb:253,126,20;--bs-color-red-rgb:230,0,0;--bs-color-yellow-rgb:255,193,7;--bs-color-teal-rgb:32,201,151;--bs-color-green-rgb:40,167,69;--bs-color-pink-rgb:232,62,140;--bs-color-black-rgb:0,0,0;--bs-color-white-rgb:255,255,255;--bs-color-gray-rgb:108,117,125;--bs-color-gray-dark-rgb:52,58,64;--bs-white-rgb:255,255,255;--bs-black-rgb:0,0,0;--bs-body-color-rgb:33,37,41;--bs-body-bg-rgb:255,255,255;--bs-font-sans-serif:system-ui,-apple-system,"Segoe UI",Roboto,"Helvetica Neue","Noto Sans","Liberation Sans",Arial,sans-serif,"Apple Color Emoji","Segoe UI Emoji","Segoe UI Symbol","Noto Color Emoji";--bs-font-monospace:SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Monaco,Consolas,"Liberation Mono","Courier New",monospace;--bs-gradient:linear-gradient(180deg, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.15), rgba(255, 255, 255, 0));--bs-body-font-family:var(--bs-font-sans-serif);--bs-body-font-size:1rem;--bs-body-font-weight:400;--bs-body-line-height:1.5;--bs-body-color:#212529;--bs-body-bg:#ffffff;--bs-border-width:1px;--bs-border-style:solid;--bs-border-color:#dee2e6;--bs-border-color-translucent:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.175);--bs-border-radius:0.375rem;--bs-border-radius-sm:0.25rem;--bs-border-radius-lg:0.5rem;--bs-border-radius-xl:1rem;--bs-border-radius-2xl:2rem;--bs-border-radius-pill:50rem;--bs-link-color:#01abe9;--bs-link-hover-color:#8e8e8e;--bs-code-color:#e83e8c;--bs-highlight-bg:rgb(255, 242.6, 205.4)}*,::after,::before{box-sizing:border-box}@media (prefers-reduced-motion:no-preference){:root{scroll-behavior:smooth}}body{margin:0;font-family:var(--bs-body-font-family);font-size:var(--bs-body-font-size);font-weight:var(--bs-body-font-weight);line-height:var(--bs-body-line-height);color:var(--bs-body-color);text-align:var(--bs-body-text-align);background-color:var(--bs-body-bg);-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;font-family:Lato,sans-serif;font-size:1rem}hr{margin:1rem 0;color:inherit;border:0;border-top:1px solid;opacity:.25}h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6{margin-top:0;margin-bottom:.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:1.2}h1{font-size:calc(1.375rem + 1.5vw)}@media (min-width:1200px){h1{font-size:2.5rem}}h2{font-size:calc(1.325rem + .9vw)}@media (min-width:1200px){h2{font-size:2rem}}h3{font-size:calc(1.3rem + .6vw)}@media (min-width:1200px){h3{font-size:1.75rem}}h4{font-size:calc(1.275rem + .3vw)}@media (min-width:1200px){h4{font-size:1.5rem}}h5{font-size:1.25rem}h6{font-size:1rem}p{margin-top:0}ol,ul{padding-left:2rem;margin-top:0}ol,p,ul{margin-bottom:1rem}a{color:var(--bs-link-color);text-decoration:underline;color:#01a0e9}img,svg{vertical-align:middle}label{display:inline-block}button{border-radius:0;text-transform:none}button,input{margin:0;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit}[type=button],[type=submit],button{-webkit-appearance:button}::-moz-focus-inner{padding:0;border-style:none}::-webkit-datetime-edit-day-field,::-webkit-datetime-edit-fields-wrapper,::-webkit-datetime-edit-hour-field,::-webkit-datetime-edit-minute,::-webkit-datetime-edit-month-field,::-webkit-datetime-edit-text,::-webkit-datetime-edit-year-field{padding:0}::-webkit-inner-spin-button{height:auto}::-webkit-search-decoration{-webkit-appearance:none}::-webkit-color-swatch-wrapper{padding:0}::file-selector-button{font:inherit;-webkit-appearance:button}iframe{border:0}.img-fluid,img{max-width:100%;height:auto}.container,.container-fluid{--bs-gutter-x:1.5rem;--bs-gutter-y:0;width:100%;padding-right:calc(var(--bs-gutter-x)*.5);padding-left:calc(var(--bs-gutter-x)*.5);margin-right:auto;margin-left:auto}@media (min-width:576px){.container{max-width:540px}}@media (min-width:768px){.container{max-width:720px}}@media (min-width:992px){.container{max-width:960px}}@media (min-width:1200px){.container{max-width:1140px}}@media (min-width:1400px){.container{max-width:1320px}}.row{--bs-gutter-x:1.5rem;--bs-gutter-y:0;display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;margin-top:calc(-1*var(--bs-gutter-y));margin-right:calc(-.5*var(--bs-gutter-x));margin-left:calc(-.5*var(--bs-gutter-x))}.row>*{flex-shrink:0;width:100%;max-width:100%;padding-right:calc(var(--bs-gutter-x)*.5);padding-left:calc(var(--bs-gutter-x)*.5);margin-top:var(--bs-gutter-y)}.col{flex:1 0 0%}.col-2{flex:0 0 auto;width:16.66666667%}.col-4{flex:0 0 auto;width:33.33333333%}.col-8{flex:0 0 auto;width:66.66666667%}.col-10{flex:0 0 auto;width:83.33333333%}.col-12{flex:0 0 auto;width:100%}.g-0{--bs-gutter-x:0;--bs-gutter-y:0}@media (min-width:576px){.col-sm-6{flex:0 0 auto;width:50%}}@media (min-width:768px){.col-md-2{flex:0 0 auto;width:16.66666667%}.col-md-10{flex:0 0 auto;width:83.33333333%}.col-md-12{flex:0 0 auto;width:100%}}@media (min-width:992px){.col-lg-auto{flex:0 0 auto;width:auto}.col-lg-4{flex:0 0 auto;width:33.33333333%}.col-lg-6{flex:0 0 auto;width:50%}.col-lg-7,.col-lg-8{flex:0 0 auto;width:58.33333333%}.col-lg-8{width:66.66666667%}.col-lg-12{flex:0 0 auto;width:100%}}@media (min-width:1200px){.col-xl-8{flex:0 0 auto;width:66.66666667%}}.form-control{display:block;width:100%;padding:.375rem .75rem;font-size:1rem;font-weight:400;line-height:1.5;color:#212529;background-color:#fff;background-clip:padding-box;border:1px solid #ced4da;-webkit-appearance:none;-moz-appearance:none;appearance:none;border-radius:.375rem}.form-control::-webkit-date-and-time-value{height:1.5em}.form-control::-moz-placeholder{color:#6c757d;opacity:1}.form-floating{position:relative}.form-floating>.form-control{height:calc(3.5rem + 2px);line-height:1.25;padding:1rem .75rem}.form-floating>label{position:absolute;top:0;left:0;width:100%;height:100%;padding:1rem .75rem;overflow:hidden;text-align:start;text-overflow:ellipsis;white-space:nowrap;border:1px solid transparent;transform-origin:0 0}.form-floating>.form-control::-moz-placeholder{color:transparent}.form-floating>.form-control:-webkit-autofill{padding-top:1.625rem;padding-bottom:.625rem}.form-floating>.form-control:-webkit-autofill~label{opacity:.65;transform:scale(.85) translateY(-.5rem) translateX(.15rem)}.input-group{position:relative;display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;align-items:stretch;width:100%}.input-group>.form-floating{position:relative;flex:1 1 auto;width:1%;min-width:0}.input-group .btn{position:relative;z-index:2}.input-group:not(.has-validation)>.form-floating:not(:last-child)>.form-control{border-top-right-radius:0;border-bottom-right-radius:0}.input-group>:not(:first-child):not(.dropdown-menu):not(.valid-tooltip):not(.valid-feedback):not(.invalid-tooltip):not(.invalid-feedback){margin-left:-1px;border-top-left-radius:0;border-bottom-left-radius:0}.btn{color:var(--bs-btn-color);background-color:var(--bs-btn-bg);--bs-btn-padding-x:0.75rem;--bs-btn-padding-y:0.375rem;--bs-btn-font-size:1rem;--bs-btn-font-weight:400;--bs-btn-line-height:1.5;--bs-btn-color:#212529;--bs-btn-bg:transparent;--bs-btn-border-width:1px;--bs-btn-border-color:transparent;--bs-btn-border-radius:0.375rem;--bs-btn-hover-border-color:transparent;--bs-btn-box-shadow:inset 0 1px 0 rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.15),0 1px 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.075);--bs-btn-disabled-opacity:0.65;--bs-btn-focus-box-shadow:0 0 0 0.25rem rgba(var(--bs-btn-focus-shadow-rgb), .5);display:inline-block;padding:var(--bs-btn-padding-y) var(--bs-btn-padding-x);font-family:var(--bs-btn-font-family);font-size:var(--bs-btn-font-size);font-weight:var(--bs-btn-font-weight);line-height:var(--bs-btn-line-height);text-align:center;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:middle;border:var(--bs-btn-border-width) solid var(--bs-btn-border-color);border-radius:var(--bs-btn-border-radius)}.btn-primary{--bs-btn-color:#ffffff;--bs-btn-bg:#005095;--bs-btn-border-color:#005095;--bs-btn-hover-color:#ffffff;--bs-btn-hover-bg:rgb(0, 68, 126.65);--bs-btn-hover-border-color:rgb(0, 64, 119.2);--bs-btn-focus-shadow-rgb:38,106,165;--bs-btn-active-color:#ffffff;--bs-btn-active-bg:rgb(0, 64, 119.2);--bs-btn-active-border-color:rgb(0, 60, 111.75);--bs-btn-disabled-color:#ffffff;--bs-btn-disabled-bg:#005095;--bs-btn-disabled-border-color:#005095}.btn-primary,.btn-secondary{--bs-btn-active-shadow:inset 0 3px 5px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.125)}.btn-secondary{--bs-btn-color:#ffffff;--bs-btn-bg:#6c757d;--bs-btn-border-color:#6c757d;--bs-btn-hover-color:#ffffff;--bs-btn-hover-bg:rgb(91.8, 99.45, 106.25);--bs-btn-hover-border-color:rgb(86.4, 93.6, 100);--bs-btn-focus-shadow-rgb:130,138,145;--bs-btn-active-color:#ffffff;--bs-btn-active-bg:rgb(86.4, 93.6, 100);--bs-btn-active-border-color:rgb(81, 87.75, 93.75);--bs-btn-disabled-color:#ffffff;--bs-btn-disabled-bg:#6c757d;--bs-btn-disabled-border-color:#6c757d}.btn-link{--bs-btn-font-weight:400;--bs-btn-color:var(--bs-link-color);--bs-btn-bg:transparent;--bs-btn-border-color:transparent;--bs-btn-hover-color:var(--bs-link-hover-color);--bs-btn-hover-border-color:transparent;--bs-btn-active-color:var(--bs-link-hover-color);--bs-btn-active-border-color:transparent;--bs-btn-disabled-color:#6c757d;--bs-btn-disabled-border-color:transparent;--bs-btn-box-shadow:none;--bs-btn-focus-shadow-rgb:38,106,165;text-decoration:underline}.btn-sm{--bs-btn-padding-y:0.25rem;--bs-btn-padding-x:0.5rem;--bs-btn-font-size:0.875rem;--bs-btn-border-radius:0.25rem}.fade:not(.show){opacity:0}.collapse:not(.show){display:none}.marquee .s-hero>div{position:relative}.nav-link{display:block;padding:var(--bs-nav-link-padding-y) var(--bs-nav-link-padding-x);font-size:var(--bs-nav-link-font-size);font-weight:var(--bs-nav-link-font-weight);color:var(--bs-nav-link-color);text-decoration:none}.navbar{--bs-navbar-padding-x:0;--bs-navbar-padding-y:0.5rem;--bs-navbar-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.55);--bs-navbar-hover-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.7);--bs-navbar-disabled-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3);--bs-navbar-active-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);--bs-navbar-brand-padding-y:0.3125rem;--bs-navbar-brand-margin-end:1rem;--bs-navbar-brand-font-size:1.25rem;--bs-navbar-brand-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);--bs-navbar-brand-hover-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9);--bs-navbar-nav-link-padding-x:0.5rem;--bs-navbar-toggler-padding-y:0.25rem;--bs-navbar-toggler-padding-x:0.75rem;--bs-navbar-toggler-font-size:1.25rem;--bs-navbar-toggler-icon-bg:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 30 30'%3e%3cpath stroke='rgba%280, 0, 0, 0.55%29' stroke-linecap='round' stroke-miterlimit='10' stroke-width='2' d='M4 7h22M4 15h22M4 23h22'/%3e%3c/svg%3e");--bs-navbar-toggler-border-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);--bs-navbar-toggler-border-radius:0.375rem;--bs-navbar-toggler-focus-width:0.25rem;position:relative;display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;padding:var(--bs-navbar-padding-y) var(--bs-navbar-padding-x)}.navbar>.container-fluid{display:flex;flex-wrap:inherit;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between}.navbar-nav{--bs-nav-link-padding-x:0;--bs-nav-link-padding-y:0.5rem;--bs-nav-link-color:var(--bs-navbar-color);--bs-nav-link-hover-color:var(--bs-navbar-hover-color);--bs-nav-link-disabled-color:var(--bs-navbar-disabled-color);display:flex;flex-direction:column;padding-left:0;margin-bottom:0;list-style:none}@media (min-width:768px){.navbar-expand-md{flex-wrap:nowrap;justify-content:flex-start}.navbar-expand-md .navbar-nav{flex-direction:row}.navbar-expand-md .navbar-nav .nav-link{padding-right:var(--bs-navbar-nav-link-padding-x);padding-left:var(--bs-navbar-nav-link-padding-x)}}.card{--bs-card-spacer-y:1rem;--bs-card-spacer-x:1rem;--bs-card-title-spacer-y:0.5rem;--bs-card-border-width:0;--bs-card-border-color:var(--bs-border-color-translucent);--bs-card-border-radius:0;--bs-card-inner-border-radius:0;--bs-card-cap-padding-y:0.5rem;--bs-card-cap-padding-x:1rem;--bs-card-cap-bg:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.03);--bs-card-bg:#ffffff;--bs-card-img-overlay-padding:1rem;--bs-card-group-margin:0.75rem;position:relative;display:flex;flex-direction:column;min-width:0;height:var(--bs-card-height);word-wrap:break-word;background-color:var(--bs-card-bg);background-clip:border-box;border:var(--bs-card-border-width) solid var(--bs-card-border-color);border-radius:var(--bs-card-border-radius)}.card-body{flex:1 1 auto;padding:var(--bs-card-spacer-y) var(--bs-card-spacer-x);color:var(--bs-card-color)}.card-img-top{width:100%;border-top-left-radius:var(--bs-card-inner-border-radius);border-top-right-radius:var(--bs-card-inner-border-radius)}.breadcrumb{display:flex;list-style:none;--bs-breadcrumb-padding-x:0;--bs-breadcrumb-padding-y:0;--bs-breadcrumb-margin-bottom:1rem;--bs-breadcrumb-font-size:1rem;--bs-breadcrumb-divider-color:#ffffff;--bs-breadcrumb-item-padding-x:0.5rem;--bs-breadcrumb-item-active-color:#5b5b5b;flex-wrap:wrap;padding:var(--bs-breadcrumb-padding-y) var(--bs-breadcrumb-padding-x);margin-bottom:var(--bs-breadcrumb-margin-bottom);font-size:var(--bs-breadcrumb-font-size);background-color:var(--bs-breadcrumb-bg);border-radius:var(--bs-breadcrumb-border-radius)}.breadcrumb-item+.breadcrumb-item{padding-left:var(--bs-breadcrumb-item-padding-x)}.breadcrumb-item+.breadcrumb-item::before{float:left;padding-right:var(--bs-breadcrumb-item-padding-x);color:var(--bs-breadcrumb-divider-color);content:var(--bs-breadcrumb-divider, "|")}.breadcrumb-item.active{color:var(--bs-breadcrumb-item-active-color)}.alert{--bs-alert-bg:transparent;--bs-alert-padding-x:1rem;--bs-alert-padding-y:1rem;--bs-alert-margin-bottom:1rem;--bs-alert-color:inherit;--bs-alert-border-color:transparent;--bs-alert-border:1px solid var(--bs-alert-border-color);--bs-alert-border-radius:0.375rem;position:relative;padding:var(--bs-alert-padding-y) var(--bs-alert-padding-x);margin-bottom:var(--bs-alert-margin-bottom);color:var(--bs-alert-color);background-color:var(--bs-alert-bg);border:var(--bs-alert-border);border-radius:var(--bs-alert-border-radius)}.alert-heading{color:inherit}.alert-link{font-weight:700}.alert-dismissible{padding-right:3rem}.alert-dismissible .btn-close{position:absolute;top:0;right:0;z-index:2;padding:1.25rem 1rem}.alert-primary{--bs-alert-color:rgb(0, 48, 89.4);--bs-alert-bg:rgb(204, 220, 233.8);--bs-alert-border-color:rgb(178.5, 202.5, 223.2)}.alert-primary .alert-link{color:#002648}.alert-secondary{--bs-alert-color:rgb(64.8, 70.2, 75);--bs-alert-bg:rgb(225.6, 227.4, 229);--bs-alert-border-color:rgb(210.9, 213.6, 216)}.alert-secondary .alert-link{color:#34383c}.alert-native,.alert-success,.alert-validation{--bs-alert-color:rgb(24, 100.2, 41.4);--bs-alert-bg:rgb(212, 237.4, 217.8);--bs-alert-border-color:rgb(190.5, 228.6, 199.2)}.alert-native .alert-link,.alert-success .alert-link,.alert-validation .alert-link{color:#135021}.alert-info{--bs-alert-color:rgb(13.8, 97.2, 110.4);--bs-alert-bg:rgb(208.6, 236.4, 240.8);--bs-alert-border-color:rgb(185.4, 227.1, 233.7)}.alert-info .alert-link{color:#0b4e58}.alert-warning{--bs-alert-color:rgb(102, 77.2, 2.8);--bs-alert-bg:rgb(255, 242.6, 205.4);--bs-alert-border-color:rgb(255, 236.4, 180.6)}.alert-warning .alert-link{color:#523e02}.alert-danger,.alert-error{--bs-alert-color:#8a0000;--bs-alert-bg:#facccc;--bs-alert-border-color:rgb(247.5, 178.5, 178.5)}.alert-danger .alert-link,.alert-error .alert-link{color:#6e0000}.alert-light{--bs-alert-color:rgb(99.2, 99.6, 100);--bs-alert-bg:rgb(253.6, 253.8, 254);--bs-alert-border-color:rgb(252.9, 253.2, 253.5)}.alert-light .alert-link{color:#4f5050}.alert-cleanup,.alert-dark{--bs-alert-color:rgb(19.8, 22.2, 24.6);--bs-alert-bg:rgb(210.6, 211.4, 212.2);--bs-alert-border-color:rgb(188.4, 189.6, 190.8)}.alert-cleanup .alert-link,.alert-dark .alert-link{color:#101214}.alert-criticalcss,.alert-inverse{--bs-alert-color:black;--bs-alert-bg:#cccccc;--bs-alert-border-color:rgb(178.5, 178.5, 178.5)}.alert-criticalcss .alert-link,.alert-inverse .alert-link{color:#000}.alert-navbar{--bs-alert-color:rgb(0, 48, 89.4);--bs-alert-bg:rgb(204, 220, 233.8);--bs-alert-border-color:rgb(178.5, 202.5, 223.2)}.alert-navbar .alert-link{color:#002648}.alert-navitem{--bs-alert-color:#666666;--bs-alert-bg:white;--bs-alert-border-color:white}.alert-navitem .alert-link{color:#525252}.alert-lightgray{--bs-alert-color:rgb(93.2, 94.4, 95.6);--bs-alert-bg:rgb(250.6, 251.2, 251.8);--bs-alert-border-color:rgb(248.4, 249.3, 250.2)}.alert-lightgray .alert-link{color:#4b4c4c}.alert-advertising,.alert-color-indigo{--bs-alert-color:rgb(61.2, 9.6, 145.2);--bs-alert-bg:rgb(224.4, 207.2, 252.4);--bs-alert-border-color:rgb(209.1, 183.3, 251.1)}.alert-advertising .alert-link,.alert-color-indigo .alert-link{color:#310874}.alert-color-cyan,.alert-notice{--bs-alert-color:rgb(13.8, 97.2, 110.4);--bs-alert-bg:rgb(208.6, 236.4, 240.8);--bs-alert-border-color:rgb(185.4, 227.1, 233.7)}.alert-color-cyan .alert-link,.alert-notice .alert-link{color:#0b4e58}.alert-color-blue{--bs-alert-color:rgb(30, 44.4, 91.2);--bs-alert-bg:rgb(214, 218.8, 234.4);--bs-alert-border-color:rgb(193.5, 200.7, 224.1)}.alert-color-blue .alert-link{color:#182449}.alert-cache,.alert-color-orange{--bs-alert-color:rgb(151.8, 75.6, 12);--bs-alert-bg:rgb(254.6, 229.2, 208);--bs-alert-border-color:rgb(254.4, 216.3, 184.5)}.alert-cache .alert-link,.alert-color-orange .alert-link{color:#793c0a}.alert-color-red{--bs-alert-color:#8a0000;--bs-alert-bg:#facccc;--bs-alert-border-color:rgb(247.5, 178.5, 178.5)}.alert-color-red .alert-link{color:#6e0000}.alert-cdnjs,.alert-color-yellow{--bs-alert-color:rgb(102, 77.2, 2.8);--bs-alert-bg:rgb(255, 242.6, 205.4);--bs-alert-border-color:rgb(255, 236.4, 180.6)}.alert-cdnjs .alert-link,.alert-color-yellow .alert-link{color:#523e02}.alert-color-teal,.alert-topic{--bs-alert-color:rgb(19.2, 120.6, 90.6);--bs-alert-bg:rgb(210.4, 244.2, 234.2);--bs-alert-border-color:rgb(188.1, 238.8, 223.8)}.alert-color-teal .alert-link,.alert-topic .alert-link{color:#0f6048}.alert-color-green{--bs-alert-color:rgb(24, 100.2, 41.4);--bs-alert-bg:rgb(212, 237.4, 217.8);--bs-alert-border-color:rgb(190.5, 228.6, 199.2)}.alert-color-green .alert-link{color:#135021}.alert-cloudinary,.alert-color-pink{--bs-alert-color:rgb(139.2, 37.2, 84);--bs-alert-bg:rgb(250.4, 216.4, 232);--bs-alert-border-color:rgb(248.1, 197.1, 220.5)}.alert-cloudinary .alert-link,.alert-color-pink .alert-link{color:#6f1e43}.alert-color-black{--bs-alert-color:black;--bs-alert-bg:#cccccc;--bs-alert-border-color:rgb(178.5, 178.5, 178.5)}.alert-color-black .alert-link{color:#000}.alert-color-white{--bs-alert-color:#666666;--bs-alert-bg:white;--bs-alert-border-color:white}.alert-color-white .alert-link{color:#525252}.alert-color-gray{--bs-alert-color:rgb(64.8, 70.2, 75);--bs-alert-bg:rgb(225.6, 227.4, 229);--bs-alert-border-color:rgb(210.9, 213.6, 216)}.alert-color-gray .alert-link{color:#34383c}.alert-color-gray-dark{--bs-alert-color:rgb(31.2, 34.8, 38.4);--bs-alert-bg:rgb(214.4, 215.6, 216.8);--bs-alert-border-color:rgb(194.1, 195.9, 197.7)}.alert-color-gray-dark .alert-link{color:#191c1f}.btn-close{box-sizing:content-box;width:1em;height:1em;padding:.25em;color:#000;background:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 16 16' fill='%23000000'%3e%3cpath d='M.293.293a1 1 0 0 1 1.414 0L8 6.586 14.293.293a1 1 0 1 1 1.414 1.414L9.414 8l6.293 6.293a1 1 0 0 1-1.414 1.414L8 9.414l-6.293 6.293a1 1 0 0 1-1.414-1.414L6.586 8 .293 1.707a1 1 0 0 1 0-1.414z'/%3e%3c/svg%3e") center/1em auto no-repeat;border:0;border-radius:.375rem;opacity:.5}.modal{--bs-modal-zindex:1055;--bs-modal-width:500px;--bs-modal-padding:1rem;--bs-modal-margin:0.5rem;--bs-modal-bg:#ffffff;--bs-modal-border-color:var(--bs-border-color-translucent);--bs-modal-border-width:1px;--bs-modal-border-radius:0.5rem;--bs-modal-box-shadow:0 0.125rem 0.25rem rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.075);--bs-modal-inner-border-radius:calc(0.5rem - 1px);--bs-modal-header-padding-x:1rem;--bs-modal-header-padding-y:1rem;--bs-modal-header-padding:1rem 1rem;--bs-modal-header-border-color:var(--bs-border-color);--bs-modal-header-border-width:1px;--bs-modal-title-line-height:1.5;--bs-modal-footer-gap:0.5rem;--bs-modal-footer-border-color:var(--bs-border-color);--bs-modal-footer-border-width:1px;position:fixed;top:0;left:0;z-index:var(--bs-modal-zindex);display:none;width:100%;height:100%;overflow-x:hidden;overflow-y:auto;outline:0}.modal-dialog{position:relative;width:auto;margin:var(--bs-modal-margin)}.modal.fade .modal-dialog{transform:translate(0,-50px)}.modal-content{position:relative;display:flex;flex-direction:column;width:100%;color:var(--bs-modal-color);background-color:var(--bs-modal-bg);background-clip:padding-box;border:var(--bs-modal-border-width) solid var(--bs-modal-border-color);border-radius:var(--bs-modal-border-radius);outline:0}.modal-header{display:flex;flex-shrink:0;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;padding:var(--bs-modal-header-padding);border-bottom:var(--bs-modal-header-border-width) solid var(--bs-modal-header-border-color);border-top-left-radius:var(--bs-modal-inner-border-radius);border-top-right-radius:var(--bs-modal-inner-border-radius)}.modal-title{margin-bottom:0;line-height:var(--bs-modal-title-line-height)}.modal-body{position:relative;flex:1 1 auto;padding:var(--bs-modal-padding)}@media (min-width:576px){.modal{--bs-modal-margin:1.75rem;--bs-modal-box-shadow:0 0.5rem 1rem rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.15)}.modal-dialog{max-width:var(--bs-modal-width);margin-right:auto;margin-left:auto}.modal-sm{--bs-modal-width:300px}}.offcanvas{--bs-offcanvas-zindex:1045;--bs-offcanvas-width:400px;--bs-offcanvas-height:30vh;--bs-offcanvas-padding-x:1rem;--bs-offcanvas-padding-y:1rem;--bs-offcanvas-bg:#ffffff;--bs-offcanvas-border-width:1px;--bs-offcanvas-border-color:var(--bs-border-color-translucent);--bs-offcanvas-box-shadow:0 0.125rem 0.25rem rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.075);position:fixed;bottom:0;z-index:var(--bs-offcanvas-zindex);display:flex;flex-direction:column;max-width:100%;color:var(--bs-offcanvas-color);visibility:hidden;background-color:var(--bs-offcanvas-bg);background-clip:padding-box;outline:0}.offcanvas.offcanvas-end{top:0;right:0;width:var(--bs-offcanvas-width);border-left:var(--bs-offcanvas-border-width) solid var(--bs-offcanvas-border-color);transform:translateX(100%)}.offcanvas-header{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;padding:var(--bs-offcanvas-padding-y) var(--bs-offcanvas-padding-x)}.offcanvas-header .btn-close{padding:calc(var(--bs-offcanvas-padding-y)*.5) calc(var(--bs-offcanvas-padding-x)*.5);margin-top:calc(-.5*var(--bs-offcanvas-padding-y));margin-right:calc(-.5*var(--bs-offcanvas-padding-x));margin-bottom:calc(-.5*var(--bs-offcanvas-padding-y))}.offcanvas-title{margin-bottom:0;line-height:1.5}.offcanvas-body{flex-grow:1;padding:var(--bs-offcanvas-padding-y) var(--bs-offcanvas-padding-x);overflow-y:auto}.d-block{display:block!important}.d-flex{display:flex!important}.d-none{display:none!important}.border{border:var(--bs-border-width) var(--bs-border-style) var(--bs-border-color)!important}.border-top{border-top:var(--bs-border-width) var(--bs-border-style) var(--bs-border-color)!important}.border-primary,.border-secondary{--bs-border-opacity:1;border-color:rgba(var(--bs-primary-rgb),var(--bs-border-opacity))!important}.border-secondary{border-color:rgba(var(--bs-secondary-rgb),var(--bs-border-opacity))!important}.border-2{--bs-border-width:2px}.w-100{width:100%!important}.flex-row{flex-direction:row!important}.justify-content-end{justify-content:flex-end!important}.justify-content-between{justify-content:space-between!important}.align-items-center{align-items:center!important}.align-content-center{align-content:center!important}.align-self-center{align-self:center!important}.mx-auto{margin-right:auto!important;margin-left:auto!important}.my-1,.navbar-side-item p{margin-top:.25rem!important;margin-bottom:.25rem!important}.my-2{margin-top:.5rem!important;margin-bottom:.5rem!important}.my-3{margin-top:1rem!important;margin-bottom:1rem!important}.my-5{margin-top:3rem!important;margin-bottom:3rem!important}.my-auto{margin-top:auto!important;margin-bottom:auto!important}.mt-1{margin-top:.25rem!important}.mt-2{margin-top:.5rem!important}.mt-3{margin-top:1rem!important}.mt-5{margin-top:3rem!important}.me-1{margin-right:.25rem!important}.me-2{margin-right:.5rem!important}.me-3{margin-right:1rem!important}.me-4{margin-right:1.5rem!important}.mb-0{margin-bottom:0!important}.mb-1{margin-bottom:.25rem!important}.mb-2{margin-bottom:.5rem!important}.mb-3{margin-bottom:1rem!important}.mb-4{margin-bottom:1.5rem!important}.mb-5{margin-bottom:3rem!important}.ms-0{margin-left:0!important}.ms-2{margin-left:.5rem!important}.ms-3{margin-left:1rem!important}.ms-auto{margin-left:auto!important}.p-3{padding:1rem!important}.px-0{padding-right:0!important;padding-left:0!important}.px-2{padding-right:.5rem!important;padding-left:.5rem!important}.px-3{padding-right:1rem!important;padding-left:1rem!important}.px-4{padding-right:1.5rem!important;padding-left:1.5rem!important}.pt-0{padding-top:0!important}.pt-2{padding-top:.5rem!important}.pe-5{padding-right:3rem!important}.pb-1{padding-bottom:.25rem!important}.pb-2{padding-bottom:.5rem!important}.pb-3{padding-bottom:1rem!important}.navbar-side-item p{padding-left:0!important}.ps-3{padding-left:1rem!important}.text-center{text-align:center!important}.text-uppercase{text-transform:uppercase!important}.text-primary{--bs-text-opacity:1;color:rgba(var(--bs-primary-rgb),var(--bs-text-opacity))!important}.text-white{--bs-text-opacity:1;color:rgba(var(--bs-white-rgb),var(--bs-text-opacity))!important}.text-reset{--bs-text-opacity:1;color:inherit!important}@media (min-width:992px){.d-lg-block{display:block!important}.latest-briefs .card{max-width:380px}}.blur-up{filter:blur(3px)}html{scroll-padding-top:100px}.adbox{background:#e6e6e7;padding-top:20px;padding-bottom:20px}.container{max-width:1170px}.container.hero{margin-top:-46px}.full-width{max-width:100%;padding-right:15px!important;padding-left:15px!important}header{position:relative;z-index:75}.header-top{height:85px;justify-content:space-between}.header-top>.col:first-of-type{padding-left:3.125rem}.header-top a{text-decoration:none}.header-title{position:absolute;font-weight:900;font-size:1.6875rem;color:#01a0e9;margin-left:15px;text-align:center;line-height:1.6875rem}.header-title::before{content:"";display:block;position:absolute;top:-3px;left:-9px;width:2px;height:54px;background:#005095}.header-subtitle{color:#005095;font-size:.9375rem;font-weight:700;position:relative;bottom:-28px;left:15px}.fa-bars{font-size:2.25rem}.mobile-tagline{display:none;text-align:center}.mobile-tagline span{position:relative;font-weight:900;font-size:1.6875rem;color:#01a0e9;margin-left:15px;text-align:center}.nav-blue{height:70px;z-index:2;position:relative}.nav-blue-hide{height:70px;max-width:934px;width:934px;background-color:#1b75bb;color:#fff;font-size:1.25rem;font-weight:700;vertical-align:middle}.nav-blue-hide a{color:#fff;margin:0 30px;font-size:1.125rem}.nav-blue-hide-left{height:70px;width:30px;fill:#1b75bb}.b-link{font-weight:500;text-decoration:none}.nav-blue-login{color:#005095;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none}.nav-blue-top-level{display:flex;flex-flow:row nowrap}.nav-blue-top-level .fas.fa-search{margin-top:5px}.nav-blue-drop-menu-container{background:#d1e8f7;margin-top:30px;padding:20px}.nav-blue-drop{display:none;position:absolute;top:40px;z-index:99;width:20%;margin:0 auto}.nav-blue-drop ul{padding-left:10px;list-style-type:none}.nav-blue-drop ul li{font-size:1rem;line-height:1.5rem}.nav-blue-drop ul li a{color:#1b75bb;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;font-weight:400;font-size:1rem;text-decoration:none}.nav-blue-drop-arrow{width:0;height:0;border-left:10px solid transparent;border-right:10px solid transparent;border-bottom:10px solid #d1e8f7;position:absolute;top:20px}.nav-blue-hide .fa-chevron-down{font-size:.75rem;margin-left:5px;vertical-align:middle}.section-icon{font-size:1.8125rem;margin-right:10px;color:#b2b2b2;vertical-align:middle;display:none}.marquee{min-height:64px}.marquee h1{font-size:2.5rem;font-weight:700;margin:0;color:#005095;text-transform:uppercase}.hero .s-hero>div{position:relative}.latest-briefs a,.rightcol-trending a{color:#000;text-decoration:none}.infobar,.infotop{background:#ccc;width:100%;max-width:1146px}.infotop{padding-top:60px}.infobar{padding-left:35px}.infobar .breadcrumb{font-weight:700;color:#005095;text-transform:uppercase;margin-bottom:0}.infobar .breadcrumb .breadcrumb-item a{color:#005095;text-decoration:none}.infobar .infobar-images{position:absolute;top:0;right:20px;display:flex;flex-flow:row nowrap;align-items:center;height:64px}.card{border-radius:0;border:0;margin-bottom:15px}.card .fas{font-size:.875rem;margin-right:5px}.card h3{font-size:1.25rem;font-weight:900;min-height:85px}.card-top{position:relative}.card-img-top{border-radius:0}.card-category{background-color:#f05a28;color:#fff;display:flex;flex-flow:row nowrap;font-size:.8125rem;font-weight:700;text-transform:uppercase;position:absolute;bottom:0}.card-category>div{padding:5px}.card-category>div:first-of-type,.rightcol-trending h4 span:first-of-type{background:gray}.latest-briefs h1{display:block;font-size:1.875rem;font-weight:900;color:#005095;border-top:3px solid #005095;padding-top:10px;text-transform:uppercase}.latest-briefs .title{padding-top:15px;padding-bottom:15px}.latest-briefs .card-body{padding:15px 5px}.latest-briefs h3{font-size:1.4375rem;color:#212529}.latest-news .article img{margin-top:40px;margin-bottom:20px;width:235px}.content{padding-right:30px}.rightcol{border-left:1px solid #000;padding-left:30px!important}.rightcol h2{vertical-align:middle;font-size:1.875rem;font-weight:900;color:#005095;margin-bottom:35px;border-top:3px solid #005095;padding-top:10px;text-transform:uppercase}.rightcol h4{text-transform:uppercase;font-size:.8125rem;font-weight:700;color:gray;background:#f05a28;display:inline-block;margin-bottom:10px}.rightcol p{font-size:.9375rem;padding-bottom:10px;border-bottom:1px solid #000;color:#000;min-height:70px}.rightcol p>img{float:right;margin-left:10px}.rightcol-trending h4 span{padding:5px;background:#f05a28}body:before{display:none}footer h5{color:#005095;font-weight:900;font-size:1.625rem}@media screen and (max-width:1140px){.container{padding-left:15px!important;padding-right:15px!important}}@media (max-width:992px){.content{padding-right:15px!important}.rightcol-trending p>img{display:none}.header-top{height:90px;padding:20px 0;margin-bottom:10px}.header-top>.col:first-of-type{padding-left:15px}.hero .col.s-hero{padding:0!important}.infobar{padding-top:20px}.infobar .infobar-images{position:relative;top:initial;right:initial;height:64px}.login-box{margin-right:0!important;justify-content:center}.nav-blue{display:none!important}.rightcol{padding-left:15px!important;border:0!important}.container.hero{margin-top:0}}@media (max-width:767px){.header-subtitle,.header-title{display:none}.latest-news img{margin-bottom:20px;width:100%}.latest-news .article img{margin-top:0}.login-box{order:3}.header-top{height:135px}.mobile-tagline{display:block;order:5}}@media (max-width:600px){.infobar{padding-left:15px}.infobar .infobar-images{height:54px}.infobar .infobar-images img{width:120px}}@media (max-width:350px){.mobile-tagline span{font-size:1.375rem}}.alert{font-family:sans-serif;font-size:smaller}.alert-heading{text-transform:uppercase;font-size:1rem;font-weight:lighter}[role=button]{font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,"Segoe UI",Roboto,"Helvetica Neue","Noto Sans","Liberation Sans",Arial,sans-serif,"Apple Color Emoji","Segoe UI Emoji","Segoe UI Symbol","Noto Color Emoji";font-size:100%;line-height:1.15;margin:0}@media (max-width:575.98px){body:before{content:"xs"}}@media (min-width:576px) and (max-width:767.98px){body:before{content:"sm"}}@media (min-width:768px) and (max-width:991.98px){body:before{content:"md"}}@media (min-width:992px) and (max-width:1199.98px){body:before{content:"lg"}}@media (min-width:1200px) and (max-width:1399.98px){body:before{content:"xl"}}[class^=ad-position]{max-width:1200px}@media (min-width:1400px){body:before{content:"xxl"}[class^=ad-position]{max-width:1400px;margin-right:auto!important;margin-left:auto!important}}.section-overline{color:#005095;text-transform:uppercase;width:100%;border-top:4px solid #005095;padding-top:.5rem;margin-bottom:1rem;text-align:left}footer a{color:#000;text-decoration:none}.navbar-side{padding:0;list-style:none}.navbar-side a{color:#212529;text-decoration:none}.navbar-side h6{color:#01a0e9;text-transform:uppercase}.navbar-side h6 a{color:#005095;text-decoration:none}.navbar-side hr{border-color:#495057;margin-left:1rem}.navbar-side-item{padding-left:1rem}.menu-side-sections>div li:first-of-type,.navbar-side-item p:first-of-type{margin-top:1.25rem}.navbar-side-item a{font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,"Segoe UI",Roboto,"Helvetica Neue","Noto Sans","Liberation Sans",Arial,sans-serif,"Apple Color Emoji","Segoe UI Emoji","Segoe UI Symbol","Noto Color Emoji";font-weight:700;text-decoration:none}.panel-heading h6:after{font-family:"Arial Black",Arial,sans-serif;content:"–";float:right;color:#343a40;padding:0 5px;font-size:1.2rem}.panel-heading .collapsed h6:after{content:"+"}.tb-mediagroup{background-color:#fff;padding:5px 0;color:#000}.tb-mediagroup a{color:#000;text-decoration:none}.tb-mediagroup .panel-heading h6:after{color:#212529}</style> <script type="application/json" class="joomla-script-options new">{"system.paths":{"root":"","rootFull":"https:\/\/www.mobilityengineeringtech.com\/","base":"","baseFull":"https:\/\/www.mobilityengineeringtech.com\/"},"csrf.token":"ddd7fa2585bfae19d9b163f9e4e8abe4","system.keepalive":{"interval":3600000,"uri":"\/component\/ajax\/?format=json"}}</script> <script type="module"> /*! inlined from /media/system/js/keepalive.min.js by ntb_minifier */ /** * @copyright (C) 2018 Open Source Matters, Inc. <https://www.joomla.org> * @license GNU General Public License version 2 or later; see LICENSE.txt */ /** * Keepalive javascript behavior * * Used for keeping the session alive * * @package Joomla.JavaScript * @since 3.7.0 */ if (!window.Joomla) { throw new Error('Joomla API was not properly initialised'); } const keepAliveOptions = Joomla.getOptions('system.keepalive'); const keepAliveInterval = keepAliveOptions && keepAliveOptions.interval ? parseInt(keepAliveOptions.interval, 10) : 45 * 1000; let keepAliveUri = keepAliveOptions && keepAliveOptions.uri ? keepAliveOptions.uri.replace(/&/g, '&') : ''; // Fallback in case no keepalive uri was found. if (keepAliveUri === '') { const systemPaths = Joomla.getOptions('system.paths'); keepAliveUri = `${systemPaths ? `${systemPaths.root}/index.php` : window.location.pathname}?option=com_ajax&format=json`; } setInterval(() => fetch(keepAliveUri, { method: 'POST' }), keepAliveInterval); /* end /media/system/js/keepalive.min.js */ </script> <script src="https://securepubads.g.doubleclick.net/tag/js/gpt.js" async tb-donotmove></script> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="ADT :: All Articles [RSS]" href="/index.php?component=com_ntb_tags&view=topic&topic_cluster=0&topic_tag=0&nav_cluster=62&nav_tag=0&format=feed&type=rss&limit=20"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="ADT [RSS]" href="/index.php?component=com_ntb_tags&view=topic&topic_cluster=46&topic_tag=37,124,163,164,202,960,961,1016,1017,1018,1019,1020,1021,1022,1023,1024&nav_cluster=62&nav_tag=&format=feed&type=rss&limit=20"> <link rel="next" href="/met/topic/aerospace/test-measurement?start=30">  <script tb-donotmove>(function (w, d, s, l, i) { w[l] = w[l] || []; w[l].push({'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(), event: 'gtm.js'}); var f = d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j = d.createElement(s), dl = l != 'dataLayer' ? '&l=' + l : ''; j.async = true; j.src = 'https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id=' + i + dl; f.parentNode.insertBefore(j, f); })(window, document, 'script', 'dataLayer', 'GTM-MSN5FV9'); </script>  </head> <body>  <noscript tb-donotmove > <iframe src = "https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-MSN5FV9" height = "0" width = "0" style = "display:none;visibility:hidden" ></iframe > </noscript >   <header> <div class="container"> <div class="row header-top"> <div class="col col-2 col-md-10 col-lg-auto my-auto"> <img style="float: left; width: 75px" class="site-logo lazyload" width="75px" data-src="https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/q_auto,f_auto/sites/met/template/sae-logo.svg"/> <a href="/"> <span class="header-title">MOBILITY ENGINEERING</span> <span class="header-subtitle">Produced by SAE Media Group</span> </a></div> <div class="col col-4 col-md-2 col-lg-auto d-flex align-items-center mr-5 login-box ms-auto"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md"> <div class="container-fluid"> <ul class="navbar-nav ms-auto"> <li class="nav-item d-lg-block d-none"> <a class="nav-link nav-blue-login" href="#" data-bs-toggle="modal" data-bs-target="#cb-form">Login</a></li> <li class="nav-item d-lg-block d-none"> <a class="nav-link nav-blue-login" href="/account/registration">Sign up</a></li> <li class="nav-item d-block ms-3"> <a data-bs-toggle="offcanvas" href="#" role="button" data-bs-target="#HamburgerSidebar" aria-controls="HamburgerSidebar"> <i class="fas fa-bars"></i> </a></li></ul></div> </nav></div> <div class="col col-12 mobile-tagline"> <span>MOBILITY ENGINEERING</span></div></div></div>  <div class="container nav-blue d-flex justify-content-end"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="nav-blue-hide-left"> <polygon points="0, 24 20, 0 30, 0 30, 70"></polygon> </svg> <div class="nav-blue-hide px-4 d-flex flex-row justify-content-between"><div id="menu-top-hubs" class="nav-blue-top-level my-auto"> <div class="b-drop"> <a href="/met/topic/automotive" class="b-link" id="b-drop-automotive"> Automotive <i class="fas fa-chevron-down"></i> </a> <div class="nav-blue-drop" id="nav-blue-drop-menu-automotive"> <div class="nav-blue-drop-menu-container"> <div class="nav-blue-drop-arrow"></div> <div> <ul> <li><a href="/met/topic/automotive/autonomy">Autonomy</a></li> <li><a href="/met/topic/automotive/adas">ADAS</a></li> <li><a href="/met/topic/automotive/connectivity-v2x">Connectivity/V2X</a></li> <li><a href="/met/topic/automotive/cybersecurity">Cybersecurity</a></li> <li><a href="/met/topic/automotive/design-simulation">Design & Simulation</a></li> <li><a href="/met/topic/automotive/battery-electrification">Battery & Electrification</a></li> <li><a href="/met/topic/automotive/manufacturing-materials">Manufacturing & Materials</a></li> <li><a href="/met/topic/automotive/engine-powertrain">Engine/Powertrain</a></li> <li><a href="/met/topic/automotive/propulsion">Propulsion</a></li> <li><a href="/met/topic/automotive/sensors">Sensors</a></li> <li><a href="/met/topic/automotive/testing">Testing</a></li></ul></div></div></div></div> <div class="b-drop"> <a href="/met/topic/commercial-vehicle" class="b-link" id="b-drop-commercial-vehicle"> Commercial Vehicle <i class="fas fa-chevron-down"></i> </a> <div class="nav-blue-drop" id="nav-blue-drop-menu-commercial-vehicle"> <div class="nav-blue-drop-menu-container"> <div class="nav-blue-drop-arrow"></div> <div> <ul> <li><a href="/met/topic/commercial-vehicle/autonomy">Autonomy</a></li> <li><a href="/met/topic/commercial-vehicle/adas">ADAS</a></li> <li><a href="/met/topic/commercial-vehicle/connectivity-v2x">Connectivity/V2X</a></li> <li><a href="/met/topic/commercial-vehicle/cybersecurity">Cybersecurity</a></li> <li><a href="/met/topic/commercial-vehicle/design-simulation">Design & Simulation</a></li> <li><a href="/met/topic/commercial-vehicle/battery-electrification">Battery & Electrification</a></li> <li><a href="/met/topic/commercial-vehicle/fluid-power-motion-control">Fluid Power & Motion Control</a></li> <li><a href="/met/topic/commercial-vehicle/manufacturing-materials">Manufacturing & Materials</a></li> <li><a href="/met/topic/commercial-vehicle/engine-powertrain">Engine/Powertrain</a></li> <li><a href="/met/topic/commercial-vehicle/sensors">Sensors</a></li> <li><a href="/met/topic/commercial-vehicle/testing">Testing</a></li></ul></div></div></div></div> <div class="b-drop"> <a href="/met/topic/aerospace" class="b-link" id="b-drop-aerospace"> Aerospace <i class="fas fa-chevron-down"></i> </a> <div class="nav-blue-drop" id="nav-blue-drop-menu-aerospace"> <div class="nav-blue-drop-menu-container"> <div class="nav-blue-drop-arrow"></div> <div> <ul> <li><a href="/met/topic/aerospace/manufacturing-materials">Manufacturing & Materials</a></li> <li><a href="/met/topic/aerospace/data-acquisition">Data Acquisition</a></li> <li><a href="/met/topic/aerospace/test-measurement">Test & Measurement</a></li> <li><a href="/met/topic/aerospace/sensors">Sensors</a></li> <li><a href="/met/topic/aerospace/rf-microwave">RF & Microwave</a></li> <li><a href="/met/topic/aerospace/electronics-computers">Electronics & Computers</a></li> <li><a href="/met/topic/aerospace/vehicles-robotics">Vehicles & Robotics</a></li> <li><a href="/met/topic/aerospace/imaging-optics">Imaging & Optics</a></li> <li><a href="/met/topic/aerospace/lasers-photonics">Lasers & Photonics</a></li> <li><a href="/met/topic/aerospace/weapons-systems">Weapons Systems</a></li></ul></div></div></div></div> <div class="b-drop"> <a href="/met/topic/ev-hub" class="b-link" id="b-drop-ev-hub"> EV Hub <i class="fas fa-chevron-down"></i> </a> <div class="nav-blue-drop" id="nav-blue-drop-menu-ev-hub"> <div class="nav-blue-drop-menu-container"> <div class="nav-blue-drop-arrow"></div> <div> <ul> <li><a href="/met/topic/ev-hub/alternative-fuels">Alternative Fuels</a></li> <li><a href="/met/topic/ev-hub/batteries">Batteries</a></li> <li><a href="/met/topic/ev-hub/electrification">Electrification</a></li> <li><a href="/met/topic/ev-hub/energy">Energy</a></li></ul></div></div></div></div></div><div class="nav-item nav-blue-top-level my-auto"> <a class="nav-link" id="search-side-button" data-bs-toggle="offcanvas" href="#HamburgerSidebar" role="button" aria-controls="HamburgerSidebar"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> </a></div></div></div><div class="offcanvas offcanvas-end" tabindex="-1" id="HamburgerSidebar" aria-labelledby="HamburgerSidebarLabel"> <div class="offcanvas-header"> <h5 class="offcanvas-title" id="HamburgerSidebarLabel"></h5> <button type="button" class="btn-close text-reset" data-bs-dismiss="offcanvas" aria-label="Close"></button></div> <div class="offcanvas-body px-0 pt-0"> <div class="search-container w-100 ps-3"><form id="searchform" action="/met/search" method="get"> <div class="input-group pe-5"> <div class="form-floating"> <input type="text" name="query" placeholder="Search" id="searchbox" class="form-control" value=""> <label for="searchbox">Search</label></div> <button id="searchbox-button" class="btn btn-primary" type="button" onclick="$('#searchform').submit()"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> </button></div></form></div> <ul class="navbar-side nav-bar"><div class="menu-side-sections row me-1"> <div class="navbar-side-item col-12"> <li class="navbar-side-item pb-1"> <a href="/">Home</a></li> <li class="navbar-side-item pb-1"> <a href="/met/features">Features</a></li> <li class="navbar-side-item pb-1"> <a href="/met/stories">Stories</a></li> <li class="navbar-side-item pb-1"> <a href="/met/webcasts">Webinars</a></li> <li class="navbar-side-item pb-1"> <a href="/met/whitepapers">White Papers</a></li></div></div><hr> <div id="sidebar-accordion" class="navbar-side-item" role="tablist" aria-multiselectable="true"><div class="menu-side-explore row mt-2 me-1 tb-mediagroup"> <div class="explore-title col-10 navbar-side-item"> <h6 class="my-2">Explore SAE Media Group</h6></div> <div id="explore-heading" class="col-2 navbar-side-item panel-heading" role="tab"> <button class="btn btn-link btn-sm collapsed mt-1" type="button" data-bs-toggle="collapse" data-bs-target="#explore-collapse" aria-expanded="true" aria-controls="explore-collapse"> <h6 class="mb-0"></h6> </button></div> <div id="explore-collapse" class="collapse" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="explore-heading"> <div class="explore-wrapper col-12"> <li class="navbar-side-item"><a href="https://www.medicaldesignbriefs.com/">Medical Design Briefs</a></li> <li class="navbar-side-item"><a href="https://www.techbriefs.com/">Tech Briefs</a></li> <li class="navbar-side-item"><a href="https://createthefuturecontest.com">Create the Future Design Contest</a></li></div></div></div><div id="menu-side-hubs"> <hr class="ms-0 me-3 my-1"> <div class="wrapper row me-1"> <div class="hub-title navbar-side-item col-10"> <h6 class="mb-0 mt-1"> <a href="/met/topic/automotive">Automotive</a></h6></div> <div id="menu-side-hub-2214" class="hub-toggle navbar-side-item panel-heading col-2" role="tab"> <button class="btn btn-link btn-sm collapsed" type="button" data-bs-toggle="collapse" data-bs-target="#menu-side-hub-collapse-2214" aria-expanded="true" aria-controls="menu-side-hub-collapse-2214"> <h6 class="mb-0"></h6> </button></div> <div id="menu-side-hub-collapse-2214" class="collapse" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="menu-side-hub-2214"> <div class="topic-menu-wrapper col-12"> <p class="navbar-side-item ms-3"><a href="/met/topic/automotive/autonomy">Autonomy</a></p> <p class="navbar-side-item ms-3"><a href="/met/topic/automotive/adas">ADAS</a></p> <p class="navbar-side-item ms-3"><a href="/met/topic/automotive/connectivity-v2x">Connectivity/V2X</a></p> <p class="navbar-side-item ms-3"><a href="/met/topic/automotive/cybersecurity">Cybersecurity</a></p> <p class="navbar-side-item ms-3"><a href="/met/topic/automotive/design-simulation">Design & Simulation</a></p> <p class="navbar-side-item ms-3"><a href="/met/topic/automotive/battery-electrification">Battery & Electrification</a></p> <p class="navbar-side-item ms-3"><a href="/met/topic/automotive/manufacturing-materials">Manufacturing & Materials</a></p> <p class="navbar-side-item ms-3"><a href="/met/topic/automotive/engine-powertrain">Engine/Powertrain</a></p> <p class="navbar-side-item ms-3"><a href="/met/topic/automotive/propulsion">Propulsion</a></p> <p class="navbar-side-item ms-3"><a href="/met/topic/automotive/sensors">Sensors</a></p> <p class="navbar-side-item ms-3"><a href="/met/topic/automotive/testing">Testing</a></p></div></div></div> <hr class="ms-0 me-3 my-1"> <div class="wrapper row me-1"> <div class="hub-title navbar-side-item col-10"> <h6 class="mb-0 mt-1"> <a href="/met/topic/commercial-vehicle">Commercial Vehicle</a></h6></div> <div id="menu-side-hub-2215" class="hub-toggle navbar-side-item panel-heading col-2" role="tab"> <button class="btn btn-link btn-sm collapsed" type="button" data-bs-toggle="collapse" data-bs-target="#menu-side-hub-collapse-2215" aria-expanded="true" aria-controls="menu-side-hub-collapse-2215"> <h6 class="mb-0"></h6> </button></div> <div id="menu-side-hub-collapse-2215" class="collapse" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="menu-side-hub-2215"> <div class="topic-menu-wrapper col-12"> <p class="navbar-side-item ms-3"><a href="/met/topic/commercial-vehicle/autonomy">Autonomy</a></p> <p class="navbar-side-item ms-3"><a href="/met/topic/commercial-vehicle/adas">ADAS</a></p> <p class="navbar-side-item ms-3"><a href="/met/topic/commercial-vehicle/connectivity-v2x">Connectivity/V2X</a></p> <p class="navbar-side-item ms-3"><a href="/met/topic/commercial-vehicle/cybersecurity">Cybersecurity</a></p> <p class="navbar-side-item ms-3"><a href="/met/topic/commercial-vehicle/design-simulation">Design & Simulation</a></p> <p class="navbar-side-item ms-3"><a href="/met/topic/commercial-vehicle/battery-electrification">Battery & Electrification</a></p> <p class="navbar-side-item ms-3"><a href="/met/topic/commercial-vehicle/fluid-power-motion-control">Fluid Power & Motion Control</a></p> <p class="navbar-side-item ms-3"><a href="/met/topic/commercial-vehicle/manufacturing-materials">Manufacturing & Materials</a></p> <p class="navbar-side-item ms-3"><a href="/met/topic/commercial-vehicle/engine-powertrain">Engine/Powertrain</a></p> <p class="navbar-side-item ms-3"><a href="/met/topic/commercial-vehicle/sensors">Sensors</a></p> <p class="navbar-side-item ms-3"><a href="/met/topic/commercial-vehicle/testing">Testing</a></p></div></div></div> <hr class="ms-0 me-3 my-1"> <div class="wrapper row me-1"> <div class="hub-title navbar-side-item col-10"> <h6 class="mb-0 mt-1"> <a href="/met/topic/aerospace">Aerospace</a></h6></div> <div id="menu-side-hub-2213" class="hub-toggle navbar-side-item panel-heading col-2" role="tab"> <button class="btn btn-link btn-sm collapsed" type="button" data-bs-toggle="collapse" data-bs-target="#menu-side-hub-collapse-2213" aria-expanded="true" aria-controls="menu-side-hub-collapse-2213"> <h6 class="mb-0"></h6> </button></div> <div id="menu-side-hub-collapse-2213" class="collapse" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="menu-side-hub-2213"> <div class="topic-menu-wrapper col-12"> <p class="navbar-side-item ms-3"><a href="/met/topic/aerospace/manufacturing-materials">Manufacturing & Materials</a></p> <p class="navbar-side-item ms-3"><a href="/met/topic/aerospace/data-acquisition">Data Acquisition</a></p> <p class="navbar-side-item ms-3"><a href="/met/topic/aerospace/test-measurement">Test & Measurement</a></p> <p class="navbar-side-item ms-3"><a href="/met/topic/aerospace/sensors">Sensors</a></p> <p class="navbar-side-item ms-3"><a href="/met/topic/aerospace/rf-microwave">RF & Microwave</a></p> <p class="navbar-side-item ms-3"><a href="/met/topic/aerospace/electronics-computers">Electronics & Computers</a></p> <p class="navbar-side-item ms-3"><a href="/met/topic/aerospace/vehicles-robotics">Vehicles & Robotics</a></p> <p class="navbar-side-item ms-3"><a href="/met/topic/aerospace/imaging-optics">Imaging & Optics</a></p> <p class="navbar-side-item ms-3"><a href="/met/topic/aerospace/lasers-photonics">Lasers & Photonics</a></p> <p class="navbar-side-item ms-3"><a href="/met/topic/aerospace/weapons-systems">Weapons Systems</a></p></div></div></div> <hr class="ms-0 me-3 my-1"> <div class="wrapper row me-1"> <div class="hub-title navbar-side-item col-10"> <h6 class="mb-0 mt-1"> <a href="/met/topic/ev-hub">EV Hub</a></h6></div> <div id="menu-side-hub-2787" class="hub-toggle navbar-side-item panel-heading col-2" role="tab"> <button class="btn btn-link btn-sm collapsed" type="button" data-bs-toggle="collapse" data-bs-target="#menu-side-hub-collapse-2787" aria-expanded="true" aria-controls="menu-side-hub-collapse-2787"> <h6 class="mb-0"></h6> </button></div> <div id="menu-side-hub-collapse-2787" class="collapse" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="menu-side-hub-2787"> <div class="topic-menu-wrapper col-12"> <p class="navbar-side-item ms-3"><a href="/met/topic/ev-hub/alternative-fuels">Alternative Fuels</a></p> <p class="navbar-side-item ms-3"><a href="/met/topic/ev-hub/batteries">Batteries</a></p> <p class="navbar-side-item ms-3"><a href="/met/topic/ev-hub/electrification">Electrification</a></p> <p class="navbar-side-item ms-3"><a href="/met/topic/ev-hub/energy">Energy</a></p></div></div></div></div><div class="menu-side-followus mb-5"> <hr class="ms-0 me-4 my-1"> <div class="followus-wrapper my-3"> <div class="title-wrapper"> <h6 class="mb-0">FOLLOW US</h6></div> <div class="menu-wrapper"> <p class="text-primary"> <a class="followus-link" href="https://www.shareaholic.com/v2/follow/?apikey=25d23930eb508eb8d390277b0641827b&service_nickname=linkedin_company&username=sae-media-group" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"><i class="fa-brands fa-linkedin"></i></a></p></div></div></div></div></ul> <div class="row px-3 navbar-side"> <hr> <h6 class="mb-2">Magazines</h6><div class="col-sm-6"> <div class="card"> <a href="/component/content/article/51836-doc-9497" class="side-link"><img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/c_scale,w_400,f_auto,q_auto/v1727846041/sites/adt/covers/ADT-2024-10.jpg' class='card-img-top lazyload blur-up' width='400' alt='Magazine cover' /></a> <div class="card-body px-0 pb-3"> <p class="mb-1"><a href="/component/content/article/51836-doc-9497" class="side-link text-uppercase">Current Issue</a></p> <p class="mb-1"><a href="/adt/magazine/archives" class="side-link text-uppercase">Archives</a></p> <a href="https://tbm.dragonforms.com/loading.do?omedasite=ADTland" target="_km"> <button class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">SUBSCRIBE <i class="fas fa-angle-right"></i></button> </a></div></div></div><div class="col-sm-6"> <div class="card"> <a href="/component/content/article/51787-doc-9482" class="side-link"><img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/c_scale,w_400,f_auto,q_auto/v1728029718/sites/ae/covers/AE-2024-10.jpg' class='card-img-top lazyload blur-up' width='400' alt='Magazine cover' /></a> <div class="card-body px-0 pb-3"> <p class="mb-1"><a href="/component/content/article/51787-doc-9482" class="side-link text-uppercase">Current Issue</a></p> <p class="mb-1"><a href="/met/magazine/ae/archives" class="side-link text-uppercase">Archives</a></p> <a href="https://tbm.dragonforms.com/loading.do?omedasite=AUEland" target="_km"> <button class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">SUBSCRIBE <i class="fas fa-angle-right"></i></button> </a></div></div></div><div class="col-sm-6"> <div class="card"> <a href="/component/content/article/51832-doc-9495" class="side-link"><img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/c_scale,w_400,f_auto,q_auto/v1728570188/sites/tohe/covers/TOHE-2024-10.jpg' class='card-img-top lazyload blur-up' width='400' alt='Magazine cover' /></a> <div class="card-body px-0 pb-3"> <p class="mb-1"><a href="/component/content/article/51832-doc-9495" class="side-link text-uppercase">Current Issue</a></p> <p class="mb-1"><a href="/met/magazine/tohe/archives" class="side-link text-uppercase">Archives</a></p> <a href="https://tbm.dragonforms.com/loading.do?omedasite=TOHland" target="_km"> <button class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">SUBSCRIBE <i class="fas fa-angle-right"></i></button> </a></div></div></div><div class="col-sm-6"> <div class="card"> <a href="/component/content/article/51833-doc-9496" class="side-link"><img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/c_scale,w_400,f_auto,q_auto/v1727498428/sites/tb/covers/BET-2024-10.jpg' class='card-img-top lazyload blur-up' width='400' alt='Magazine cover' /></a> <div class="card-body px-0 pb-3"> <p class="mb-1"><a href="/component/content/article/51833-doc-9496" class="side-link text-uppercase">Current Issue</a></p> <p class="mb-1"><a href="/met/magazine/bet/archives" class="side-link text-uppercase">Archives</a></p> <a href="https://tbm.dragonforms.com/loading.do?omedasite=BETland" target="_km"> <button class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">SUBSCRIBE <i class="fas fa-angle-right"></i></button> </a></div></div></div></div></div></div></header> <span itemprop="publisher" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/Organization"> <meta itemprop="name" content="SAE Media Group"/> <meta itemprop="url" content="https://www.techbriefsmediagroup.com"/> <span itemprop="logo" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/ImageObject"> <meta itemprop="url" content="https://www.techbriefsmediagroup.com/templates/tbmg/images/tbmg_logo.png"/> <meta itemprop="width" content="210"/> <meta itemprop="height" content="50"/> </span> </span><div class="container hero"><div class="row"> <div class="col s-hero topic-hero"> <div class="infobar infotop"> <nav aria-label="breadcrumb"> <ol itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/BreadcrumbList" class="breadcrumb"> <li class="breadcrumb-item" itemprop="itemListElement" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/ListItem"> <a itemprop="item" href="/"><span itemprop="name">Home</span></a> <meta itemprop="position" content="1"></li> <li class="breadcrumb-item" itemprop="itemListElement" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/ListItem"> <a itemprop="item" href="/met/topic/aerospace"><span itemprop="name">Aerospace</span></a> <meta itemprop="position" content="2"></li> <li class="breadcrumb-item active" aria-current="page"> <span> Test & Measurement</span></li></ol> </nav></div></div></div><div class="row"> <div class="col s-hero topic-hero"></div></div><div id="ntb-tags-level-subtopic"><div class="row marquee"> <div class="col s-hero topic-hero">  <div class="infobar pb-2"> <h1 class="mb-2 pt-2 col-lg-7 col-xl-8">Test & Measurement</h1> <ul class="breadcrumb pt-0 mb-0 pb-2"> <li class="breadcrumb-item"> <a href="/met/topic/aerospace/test-measurement/automatic-test-equipment">Automatic Test Equipment </a></li> <li class="breadcrumb-item"> <a href="/met/topic/aerospace/test-measurement/oscilloscopes">Oscilloscopes</a></li> <li class="breadcrumb-item"> <a href="/met/topic/aerospace/test-measurement/spectrum-analyzers">Spectrum Analyzers</a></li> <li class="breadcrumb-item"> <a href="/met/topic/aerospace/test-measurement/logic-analyzers">Logic Analyzers</a></li> <li class="breadcrumb-item"> <a href="/met/topic/aerospace/test-measurement/thermal-ir-testers">Thermal/IR Testers</a></li> <li class="breadcrumb-item"> <a href="/met/topic/aerospace/test-measurement/meters-handheld-instruments">Meters/Handheld Instruments</a></li> <li class="breadcrumb-item"> <a href="/met/topic/aerospace/test-measurement/continuity-testers">Continuity Testers</a></li> <li class="breadcrumb-item"> <a href="/met/topic/aerospace/test-measurement/signal-generators">Signal Generators</a></li> <li class="breadcrumb-item"> <a href="/met/topic/aerospace/test-measurement/time-domain-reflectometers">Time-Domain Reflectometers</a></li></ul> <div class="infobar-images"> <img data-src="https://static.mobilityengineeringtech.com/templates/met_2022/images/adt-logo.png" class="img-fluid lazyload"></div></div></div></div> <div class="row marquee"> <div class="col s-hero topic-hero"> <div class="infobar"> <p class="introtext border-top border-2 border-primary me-3 mb-0 pb-3 pt-2"> Welcome to the Test & Measurement section for Aerospace, your essential resource for the latest advancements in aerospace testing technologies. Discover how innovative test and measurement techniques are enhancing accuracy, reliability, and performance in aerospace engineering. Stay informed with expert insights, detailed articles, and the latest news on cutting-edge solutions shaping the future of aerospace testing. Join us as we explore the critical role of test and measurement in ensuring the highest standards of quality and safety in the aerospace industry.</p></div></div></div></div>  <div class="container adbox full-width my-3"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-lg-12 align-self-center text-center"><div class="ad-position g-0 row mb-3 "> <div class="col-12 align-content-center mx-auto"> <script tb-donotmove>window.ntb_google_ad_manager_items=window.ntb_google_ad_manager_items||[];ntb_google_ad_manager_items.push({display_sizes:['xs','sm','md','lg','xl','xxl'],slot_ad_unit:'mobilityengineeringtech.com_1800x450',slot_code:'21835072403',slot:'/21835072403/mobilityengineeringtech.com_1800x450',slot_ad_sizes:['fluid'],div_id:'GAM_pos_11_modid_491',target_pos:'11',size_mapping:[],slot_ad_empty:'default'});</script> <div id='GAM_pos_11_modid_491' class=""></div></div></div></div></div></div>  <main role="main">  <div class="container my-5 latest-briefs"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-12 col-lg-8 content"><div class="row"> <div class="col-md-12 title"> <h1>Latest Briefs and News</h1></div></div> <div class="row mt-3 px-2"> <div class="col-md-12 col-lg-6 px-2"><div class="card"> <div class="card-top"><a class="feature_item_link" href="/component/content/article/52054-patriot-missile-hits-target-in-test-of-upgraded-icbs-radar?m=2523"> <img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_500/v1731530938/sites/adt/features-16x9/52054/20241114_defense_story2_primary-feature-item.jpg' class='w-100 lazyload blur-up' width='500' alt='Feature Image' /></a><div class="card-category"> <div>INSIDER</div> <div>Defense</div></div></div> <div class="card-body"> <a class="feature_item_link" href="/component/content/article/52054-patriot-missile-hits-target-in-test-of-upgraded-icbs-radar?m=2523"> <h3>Patriot Missile Hits Target in Test of Upgraded ICBS Radar</h3> </a></div></div></div> <div class="col-md-12 col-lg-6 px-2"><div class="card"> <div class="card-top"><a class="feature_item_link" href="/component/content/article/51968-germanys-new-military-surveillance-jet-completes-first-flight?m=2523"> <img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_500/v1730406946/sites/adt/features-16x9/51968/20241104_aerospace_story1_primary-feature-item.jpg' class='w-100 lazyload blur-up' width='500' alt='Feature Image' /></a><div class="card-category"> <div>INSIDER</div> <div>Test & Measurement</div></div></div> <div class="card-body"> <a class="feature_item_link" href="/component/content/article/51968-germanys-new-military-surveillance-jet-completes-first-flight?m=2523"> <h3>Germany's New Military Surveillance Jet Completes First Flight</h3> </a></div></div></div> <div class="col-md-12 col-lg-6 px-2"><div class="card"> <div class="card-top"><a class="feature_item_link" href="/component/content/article/51776-rising-star-awards-women-in-engineering-aerospace-winner-heather-cummings?m=2523"> <img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_500/v1728453894/sites/adt/articles/2024/features/ADT-1024-p24_fig1.jpg' class='w-100 lazyload blur-up' width='500' alt='Feature Image' /></a><div class="card-category"> <div>Articles</div> <div>Defense</div></div></div> <div class="card-body"> <a class="feature_item_link" href="/component/content/article/51776-rising-star-awards-women-in-engineering-aerospace-winner-heather-cummings?m=2523"> <h3>Rising Star Awards: Women in Engineering Aerospace Winner - Heather Cummings</h3> </a></div></div></div> <div class="col-md-12 col-lg-6 px-2"><div class="card"> <div class="card-top"><a class="feature_item_link" href="/component/content/article/51472-agilepod-brings-fiber-optic-sensing-to-flight-testing?m=2523"> <img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_500/v1725684539/sites/adt/articles/2024/applications/ADT-0924-p32_fig1.jpg' class='w-100 lazyload blur-up' width='500' alt='Feature Image' /></a><div class="card-category"> <div>Application Briefs</div> <div>Aerospace</div></div></div> <div class="card-body"> <a class="feature_item_link" href="/component/content/article/51472-agilepod-brings-fiber-optic-sensing-to-flight-testing?m=2523"> <h3>AgilePod Brings Fiber Optic Sensing to Flight Testing</h3> </a></div></div></div> <div class="col-md-12 col-lg-6 px-2"><div class="card"> <div class="card-top"><a class="feature_item_link" href="/component/content/article/51432-boom-supersonic-completes-second-flight-of-xb-1-demonstrator?m=2523"> <img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_500/v1724909665/sites/tb/features-16x9/51432/082924-tb-tv_xb1_primary-feature-item.jpg' class='w-100 lazyload blur-up' width='500' alt='Feature Image' /></a><div class="card-category"> <div class="p-0"></div> <div>Aerospace</div></div></div> <div class="card-body"> <a class="feature_item_link" href="/component/content/article/51432-boom-supersonic-completes-second-flight-of-xb-1-demonstrator?m=2523"> <h3>Boom Supersonic Completes Second Flight of XB-1 Demonstrator</h3> </a></div></div></div> <div class="col-md-12 col-lg-6 px-2"><div class="card"> <div class="card-top"><a class="feature_item_link" href="/component/content/article/51370-archer-delivers-first-midnight-evtol-to-us-air-force?m=2523"> <img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_500/v1724179541/sites/adt/features-16x9/51370/20240821_aerospace_story2_primary-feature-item.jpg' class='w-100 lazyload blur-up' width='500' alt='Feature Image' /></a><div class="card-category"> <div>INSIDER</div> <div>Test & Measurement</div></div></div> <div class="card-body"> <a class="feature_item_link" href="/component/content/article/51370-archer-delivers-first-midnight-evtol-to-us-air-force?m=2523"> <h3>Archer Delivers First Midnight eVTOL to US Air Force</h3> </a></div></div></div></div></div> <div class="col-md-12 col-lg-4 p-3 rightcol"><div class="ad-position g-0 row mb-3 "> <div class="col-12 align-content-center mx-auto"> <script tb-donotmove>window.ntb_google_ad_manager_items=window.ntb_google_ad_manager_items||[];ntb_google_ad_manager_items.push({display_sizes:['md','lg','xl','xxl'],slot_ad_unit:'mobilityengineeringtech.com_450x450',slot_code:'21835072403',slot:'/21835072403/mobilityengineeringtech.com_450x450',slot_ad_sizes:['fluid'],div_id:'GAM_pos_21_modid_492',target_pos:'21',size_mapping:[],slot_ad_empty:'default'});</script> <div id='GAM_pos_21_modid_492' class=""></div></div></div> <div class="row mb-4"> <div class="col-md-12 rightcol-trending"> <h2 class="section-overline">Top Stories</h2><h4 class="text-white"><span>INSIDER</span><span>RF & Microwave Electronics</span></h4> <p> <img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_100/v1730406946/sites/adt/features-16x9/51968/20241104_aerospace_story1_primary-feature-item.jpg' class=' lazyload blur-up' width='100' height='45' alt='Feature Image' /><a class="topstories_module_link" href="/component/content/article/51968-germanys-new-military-surveillance-jet-completes-first-flight" alt="Germany's New Military Surveillance Jet Completes First Flight"> Germany's New Military Surveillance Jet Completes First Flight</a></p> <h4 class="text-white"><span>INSIDER</span><span>Manufacturing & Prototyping</span></h4> <p> <img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_100/v1729883225/sites/adt/features-16x9/51887/20241028_aerospace_dm_story1_primary-feature-item.jpg' class=' lazyload blur-up' width='100' height='45' alt='Feature Image' /><a class="topstories_module_link" href="/component/content/article/51887-army-seeks-to-expand-3d-printing-to-the-tactical-edge" alt="Army Seeks to Expand 3D Printing to the Tactical Edge"> Army Seeks to Expand 3D Printing to the Tactical Edge</a></p> <h4 class="text-white"><span>INSIDER</span><span>Weapons Systems</span></h4> <p> <img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_100/v1728592408/sites/adt/features-16x9/51823/20241011_defense_story1_primary-feature-item.jpg' class=' lazyload blur-up' width='100' height='45' alt='Feature Image' /><a class="topstories_module_link" href="/component/content/article/51823-army-receives-new-robot-combat-vehicle-prototypes" alt="Army Receives New Robot Combat Vehicle Prototypes"> Army Receives New Robot Combat Vehicle Prototypes</a></p> <h4 class="text-white"><span>News</span><span>Energy</span></h4> <p> <img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_100/v1728258857/sites/tohe/articles/2024/news/SAE-MA-07464-ice_iveco-s-way-my24_banner.jpg' class=' lazyload blur-up' width='100' height='45' alt='Feature Image' /><a class="topstories_module_link" href="/component/content/article/51794-sae-ma-07464" alt="Improving the Ageless ICE"> Improving the Ageless ICE</a></p> <h4 class="text-white"><span>INSIDER</span><span>Defense</span></h4> <p> <img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_100/v1731530559/sites/adt/features-16x9/52053/20241114_defense_story1_primary-feature-item.jpg' class=' lazyload blur-up' width='100' height='45' alt='Feature Image' /><a class="topstories_module_link" href="/component/content/article/52053-this-robot-dog-detects-nuclear-material-and-chemical-weapons" alt="This Robot Dog Detects Nuclear Material and Chemical Weapons"> This Robot Dog Detects Nuclear Material and Chemical Weapons</a></p> <h4 class="text-white"><span>INSIDER</span><span>Mechanical & Fluid Systems</span></h4> <p> <img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_100/v1728592662/sites/adt/features-16x9/51824/20241011_defense_story2_primary-feature-item.jpg' class=' lazyload blur-up' width='100' height='45' alt='Feature Image' /><a class="topstories_module_link" href="/component/content/article/51824-army-evaluates-3d-printing-for-bradley-fighting-vehicles-transmission-mount" alt="Army Evaluates 3D Printing for Bradley Fighting Vehicle's Transmission Mount"> Army Evaluates 3D Printing for Bradley Fighting Vehicle's Transmission Mount</a></p></div></div></div></div></div> <section id="sponsored-content"> <div class="mid-sponsor" id="mid-sponsor"><div class="ad-position g-0 row mb-3 "> <div class="col-12 align-content-center mx-auto"> <script tb-donotmove>window.ntb_google_ad_manager_items=window.ntb_google_ad_manager_items||[];ntb_google_ad_manager_items.push({display_sizes:['md','lg','xl','xxl'],slot_ad_unit:'mobilityengineeringtech.com_1200x150',slot_code:'21835072403',slot:'/21835072403/mobilityengineeringtech.com_1200x150',slot_ad_sizes:['fluid',[1200,150]],div_id:'GAM_pos_12_modid_499',target_pos:'12',size_mapping:[],slot_ad_empty:'default'});</script> <div id='GAM_pos_12_modid_499' class=""></div></div></div> <div class="ad-position g-0 row mb-3 "> <div class="col-12 align-content-center mx-auto"> <script tb-donotmove>window.ntb_google_ad_manager_items=window.ntb_google_ad_manager_items||[];ntb_google_ad_manager_items.push({display_sizes:['xs','sm'],slot_ad_unit:'mobilityengineeringtech.com_450x450',slot_code:'21835072403',slot:'/21835072403/mobilityengineeringtech.com_450x450',slot_ad_sizes:['fluid',[1200,150]],div_id:'GAM_pos_12-mobile_modid_500',target_pos:'12-mobile',size_mapping:[],slot_ad_empty:'default'});</script> <div id='GAM_pos_12-mobile_modid_500' class=""></div></div></div><div class="container full-width white-papers ntb-bxslider"> <div class="row py-4"> <div class="col-lg-12 title p-0"> <i class="fas fa-newspaper section-icon"></i> <h1>White Papers</h1></div></div></div> <div class="ntb-bxslider row mb-0"> <div class="bxs-default hidden text-center d-sm-block col-1 pt-5 d-none"> <h3><span id="bxs-default-prev"></span></h3></div> <div id="bxs-default" class="bxs-default hidden align-content-center col-sm-10 px-sm-0 col-12 px-4 my-0"> <ul class="bxslider"> <li> <a class="w-100 d-block" href="/component/content/article/51063-doc-9383" alt="How High-performance Micrometers Set New Standards in Precision and Versatility"> <img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/c_scale,w_400,f_auto,q_auto/v1719959799/sites/tb/whitepaper-covers/Micro-Epsilon_How-High-performance-Micrometers-Set-New-Standards.jpg' class='border border-secondary lazyload blur-up' width='400' alt='Document cover' /></a> <h6 class="topic overline mt-2 mb-0 min-h-2"> Test & Measurement</h6> <h6 class="title mt-0 min-h-3"> <a href="/component/content/article/51063-doc-9383" alt="How High-performance Micrometers Set New Standards in Precision and Versatility">How High-performance Micrometers Set New...</a></h6></li> <li> <a class="w-100 d-block" href="/component/content/article/51528-doc-9455" alt="Industrial Water Reuse: Solutions for Automotive Manufacturing"> <img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/c_scale,w_400,f_auto,q_auto/v1725726362/sites/tb/whitepaper-covers/Grundfos_Industrial-Water-Reuse.jpg' class='border border-secondary lazyload blur-up' width='400' alt='Document cover' /></a> <h6 class="topic overline mt-2 mb-0 min-h-2"> Automotive</h6> <h6 class="title mt-0 min-h-3"> <a href="/component/content/article/51528-doc-9455" alt="Industrial Water Reuse: Solutions for Automotive Manufacturing">Industrial Water Reuse: Solutions for Automotive...</a></h6></li> <li> <a class="w-100 d-block" href="/component/content/article/47029-doc-8856" alt="Leading Sensor Technology for Machine Monitoring"> <img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/c_scale,w_400,f_auto,q_auto/v1715096156/sites/tb/whitepaper-covers/Micro-Epsilon_Leading-Sensor-Technology-for-Machine-Monitoring-II.jpg' class='border border-secondary lazyload blur-up' width='400' alt='Document cover' /></a> <h6 class="topic overline mt-2 mb-0 min-h-2"> Robotics, Automation & Control</h6> <h6 class="title mt-0 min-h-3"> <a href="/component/content/article/47029-doc-8856" alt="Leading Sensor Technology for Machine Monitoring">Leading Sensor Technology for Machine Monitoring</a></h6></li> <li> <a class="w-100 d-block" href="/component/content/article/47595-doc-8925" alt="Three Vibration/ Balancing Solutions for the Aviation Industry"> <img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/c_scale,w_400,f_auto,q_auto/v1711584786/sites/tb/whitepaper-covers/Vitrek_Balancing-Solutions-for-the-Aviation-Industry-2024.jpg' class='border border-secondary lazyload blur-up' width='400' alt='Document cover' /></a> <h6 class="topic overline mt-2 mb-0 min-h-2"> Design</h6> <h6 class="title mt-0 min-h-3"> <a href="/component/content/article/47595-doc-8925" alt="Three Vibration/ Balancing Solutions for the Aviation Industry">Three Vibration/ Balancing Solutions for the...</a></h6></li> <li> <a class="w-100 d-block" href="/component/content/article/51067-doc-9386" alt="Advancing Energetics Safety and Performance"> <img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/c_scale,w_400,f_auto,q_auto/v1719988198/sites/tb/whitepaper-covers/Lumafield_Advancing-Energetics-Safety-and-Performance.jpg' class='border border-secondary lazyload blur-up' width='400' alt='Document cover' /></a> <h6 class="topic overline mt-2 mb-0 min-h-2"> Test & Measurement</h6> <h6 class="title mt-0 min-h-3"> <a href="/component/content/article/51067-doc-9386" alt="Advancing Energetics Safety and Performance">Advancing Energetics Safety and Performance</a></h6></li> <li> <a class="w-100 d-block" href="/component/content/article/50412-doc-9281" alt="Semiconductor Wafer Measurement for Increased Productivity"> <img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/c_scale,w_400,f_auto,q_auto/v1711688209/sites/tb/whitepaper-covers/Vitrek_Semiconductor-Wafer-Measurement-for-Increased-Productivity.jpg' class='border border-secondary lazyload blur-up' width='400' alt='Document cover' /></a> <h6 class="topic overline mt-2 mb-0 min-h-2"> Electronics & Computers</h6> <h6 class="title mt-0 min-h-3"> <a href="/component/content/article/50412-doc-9281" alt="Semiconductor Wafer Measurement for Increased Productivity">Semiconductor Wafer Measurement for Increased...</a></h6></li> <li> <a class="w-100 d-block" href="/component/content/article/51632-doc-9478" alt="RF and Microwave Testing Inside Story"> <img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/c_scale,w_400,f_auto,q_auto/v1726845761/sites/tb/whitepaper-covers/Pickering-Interfaces_RF-and-Microwave-Testing-Inside-Story.jpg' class='border border-secondary lazyload blur-up' width='400' alt='Document cover' /></a> <h6 class="topic overline mt-2 mb-0 min-h-2"> Aerospace</h6> <h6 class="title mt-0 min-h-3"> <a href="/component/content/article/51632-doc-9478" alt="RF and Microwave Testing Inside Story">RF and Microwave Testing Inside Story</a></h6></li> <li> <a class="w-100 d-block" href="/component/content/article/50348-doc-9275" alt="Cross-Industry Insights: Automotive Strategy Drives Aerospace Innovation"> <img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/c_scale,w_400,f_auto,q_auto/v1711466280/sites/tb/whitepaper-covers/ACS_Cross-Industry-Insights.jpg' class='border border-secondary lazyload blur-up' width='400' alt='Document cover' /></a> <h6 class="topic overline mt-2 mb-0 min-h-2"> Automotive</h6> <h6 class="title mt-0 min-h-3"> <a href="/component/content/article/50348-doc-9275" alt="Cross-Industry Insights: Automotive Strategy Drives Aerospace Innovation">Cross-Industry Insights: Automotive Strategy...</a></h6></li> <li> <a class="w-100 d-block" href="/component/content/article/45598-doc-8654" alt="Cytotoxicity Failure - What Now?"> <img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/c_scale,w_400,f_auto,q_auto/v1648984399/sites/tb/whitepaper-covers/Nelson-Labs_Cytotoxicity-Failure.jpg' class='border border-secondary lazyload blur-up' width='400' alt='Document cover' /></a> <h6 class="topic overline mt-2 mb-0 min-h-2"> Test & Measurement</h6> <h6 class="title mt-0 min-h-3"> <a href="/component/content/article/45598-doc-8654" alt="Cytotoxicity Failure - What Now?">Cytotoxicity Failure - What Now?</a></h6></li> <li> <a class="w-100 d-block" href="/component/content/article/47453-doc-8907" alt="How to Accomplish High Precision Absolute Measurements With White Light Interferometers"> <img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/c_scale,w_400,f_auto,q_auto/v1722934470/sites/tb/whitepaper-covers/Micro-Epsilon_How-to-Accomplish-High-Precision-Absolute-Measurements-2024.jpg' class='border border-secondary lazyload blur-up' width='400' alt='Document cover' /></a> <h6 class="topic overline mt-2 mb-0 min-h-2"> Sensors/Data Acquisition</h6> <h6 class="title mt-0 min-h-3"> <a href="/component/content/article/47453-doc-8907" alt="How to Accomplish High Precision Absolute Measurements With White Light Interferometers">How to Accomplish High Precision Absolute...</a></h6></li> <li> <a class="w-100 d-block" href="/component/content/article/36723-doc-7788" alt="Selecting & Justifying Sample Sizes: Where to Begin?"> <img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/c_scale,w_400,f_auto,q_auto/v1648988975/sites/tb/whitepaper-covers/Nelson-Labs_Selecting-and-Justifying-Sample-Sizes.jpg' class='border border-secondary lazyload blur-up' width='400' alt='Document cover' /></a> <h6 class="topic overline mt-2 mb-0 min-h-2"> Test & Measurement</h6> <h6 class="title mt-0 min-h-3"> <a href="/component/content/article/36723-doc-7788" alt="Selecting & Justifying Sample Sizes: Where to Begin?">Selecting & Justifying Sample Sizes: Where to...</a></h6></li> <li> <a class="w-100 d-block" href="/component/content/article/51536-doc-9464" alt="Getting Started with Wireless Coexistence Testing"> <img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/c_scale,w_400,f_auto,q_auto/v1725942595/sites/tb/whitepaper-covers/ROHDE-and-SCHWARZ_Getting-Started-with-Wireless-Coexistence-Testing.jpg' class='border border-secondary lazyload blur-up' width='400' alt='Document cover' /></a> <h6 class="topic overline mt-2 mb-0 min-h-2"> Test & Measurement</h6> <h6 class="title mt-0 min-h-3"> <a href="/component/content/article/51536-doc-9464" alt="Getting Started with Wireless Coexistence Testing">Getting Started with Wireless Coexistence Testing</a></h6></li> <li> <a class="w-100 d-block" href="/component/content/article/45595-doc-8652" alt="Zero Volt Operation with an Electronic Load"> <img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/c_scale,w_400,f_auto,q_auto/v1667764018/sites/tb/whitepaper-covers/EA-Elektro-Automatik_Zero-Volt-Operation-with-an-Electronic-Load.jpg' class='border border-secondary lazyload blur-up' width='400' alt='Document cover' /></a> <h6 class="topic overline mt-2 mb-0 min-h-2"> Electronics & Computers</h6> <h6 class="title mt-0 min-h-3"> <a href="/component/content/article/45595-doc-8652" alt="Zero Volt Operation with an Electronic Load">Zero Volt Operation with an Electronic Load</a></h6></li> <li> <a class="w-100 d-block" href="/component/content/article/51533-doc-9460" alt="Development Testing of Electric Powertrain Cooling Systems and Fluids"> <img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/c_scale,w_400,f_auto,q_auto/v1725939984/sites/tb/whitepaper-covers/Intertek_Development-Testing-of-Electric-Powertrain-Cooling-Systems-and-Fluids.jpg' class='border border-secondary lazyload blur-up' width='400' alt='Document cover' /></a> <h6 class="topic overline mt-2 mb-0 min-h-2"> Automotive</h6> <h6 class="title mt-0 min-h-3"> <a href="/component/content/article/51533-doc-9460" alt="Development Testing of Electric Powertrain Cooling Systems and Fluids">Development Testing of Electric Powertrain...</a></h6></li> <li> <a class="w-100 d-block" href="/component/content/article/51901-doc-9503" alt="10 Things You Should Do Before You Validate Your Next Package"> <img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/c_scale,w_400,f_auto,q_auto/v1730259620/sites/tb/whitepaper-covers/DDL_10-Things-You-Should-Do-Before-You-Validate-Your-Next-Package.jpg' class='border border-secondary lazyload blur-up' width='400' alt='Document cover' /></a> <h6 class="topic overline mt-2 mb-0 min-h-2"> Medical</h6> <h6 class="title mt-0 min-h-3"> <a href="/component/content/article/51901-doc-9503" alt="10 Things You Should Do Before You Validate Your Next Package">10 Things You Should Do Before You Validate Your...</a></h6></li> <li> <a class="w-100 d-block" href="/component/content/article/39690-doc-8274" alt="Efficiently and Easily Test Fuel Cells"> <img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/c_scale,w_400,f_auto,q_auto/v1665640278/sites/tb/whitepaper-covers/EA-Elektro-Automatik_Efficiently-and-Easily-Test-Fuel-Cells-v2.jpg' class='border border-secondary lazyload blur-up' width='400' alt='Document cover' /></a> <h6 class="topic overline mt-2 mb-0 min-h-2"> Test & Measurement</h6> <h6 class="title mt-0 min-h-3"> <a href="/component/content/article/39690-doc-8274" alt="Efficiently and Easily Test Fuel Cells">Efficiently and Easily Test Fuel Cells</a></h6></li> <li> <a class="w-100 d-block" href="/component/content/article/45599-doc-8655" alt="Disinfection Validation: How to Classify and Validate Your Medical Device Disinfection Process"> <img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/c_scale,w_400,f_auto,q_auto/v1648984935/sites/tb/whitepaper-covers/Nelson-Labs_Disinfection-Validation.jpg' class='border border-secondary lazyload blur-up' width='400' alt='Document cover' /></a> <h6 class="topic overline mt-2 mb-0 min-h-2"> Test & Measurement</h6> <h6 class="title mt-0 min-h-3"> <a href="/component/content/article/45599-doc-8655" alt="Disinfection Validation: How to Classify and Validate Your Medical Device Disinfection Process">Disinfection Validation: How to Classify and...</a></h6></li> <li> <a class="w-100 d-block" href="/component/content/article/51165-doc-9401" alt="Guide to Efficient Battery Testing with E A"> <img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/c_scale,w_400,f_auto,q_auto/v1722142138/sites/tb/whitepaper-covers/EA-Elektro-Automatik_Guide-to-Efficient-Battery-Testing-with-EA.jpg' class='border border-secondary lazyload blur-up' width='400' alt='Document cover' /></a> <h6 class="topic overline mt-2 mb-0 min-h-2"> Electronics & Computers</h6> <h6 class="title mt-0 min-h-3"> <a href="/component/content/article/51165-doc-9401" alt="Guide to Efficient Battery Testing with E A">Guide to Efficient Battery Testing with E A</a></h6></li> <li> <a class="w-100 d-block" href="/component/content/article/51525-doc-9452" alt="Test Battery Packs, Modules and Cells with a Single Instrument"> <img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/c_scale,w_400,f_auto,q_auto/v1725725492/sites/tb/whitepaper-covers/EA-Elektro-Automatik_Test-Battery-Packs-Modules-and-Cells.jpg' class='border border-secondary lazyload blur-up' width='400' alt='Document cover' /></a> <h6 class="topic overline mt-2 mb-0 min-h-2"> Test & Measurement</h6> <h6 class="title mt-0 min-h-3"> <a href="/component/content/article/51525-doc-9452" alt="Test Battery Packs, Modules and Cells with a Single Instrument">Test Battery Packs, Modules and Cells with a...</a></h6></li> <li> <a class="w-100 d-block" href="/component/content/article/51154-doc-9399" alt="Get the Inside Story on Implantable Medical Devices"> <img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/c_scale,w_400,f_auto,q_auto/v1722092733/sites/tb/whitepaper-covers/Eurofins_Inside-Story-on-Implantable-Medical-Devices.jpg' class='border border-secondary lazyload blur-up' width='400' alt='Document cover' /></a> <h6 class="topic overline mt-2 mb-0 min-h-2"> Medical</h6> <h6 class="title mt-0 min-h-3"> <a href="/component/content/article/51154-doc-9399" alt="Get the Inside Story on Implantable Medical Devices">Get the Inside Story on Implantable Medical...</a></h6></li> <li> <a class="w-100 d-block" href="/component/content/article/51540-doc-9468" alt="Introduction to the Vehicle-to-Everything Communications Service V2X Feature in 3GPP Release 14"> <img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/c_scale,w_400,f_auto,q_auto/v1725943181/sites/tb/whitepaper-covers/Rohde-and-Schwarz_Introduction-to-the-Vehicle-to-Everything-Communications.jpg' class='border border-secondary lazyload blur-up' width='400' alt='Document cover' /></a> <h6 class="topic overline mt-2 mb-0 min-h-2"> Communications</h6> <h6 class="title mt-0 min-h-3"> <a href="/component/content/article/51540-doc-9468" alt="Introduction to the Vehicle-to-Everything Communications Service V2X Feature in 3GPP Release 14">Introduction to the Vehicle-to-Everything...</a></h6></li> <li> <a class="w-100 d-block" href="/component/content/article/36738-doc-7802" alt="Fundamentals of Electrical Safety Testing"> <img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/c_scale,w_400,f_auto,q_auto/v1711584098/sites/tb/whitepaper-covers/Vitrek_Fundamentals-of-Electrical-Safety-Testing-2024.jpg' class='border border-secondary lazyload blur-up' width='400' alt='Document cover' /></a> <h6 class="topic overline mt-2 mb-0 min-h-2"> Electronics & Computers</h6> <h6 class="title mt-0 min-h-3"> <a href="/component/content/article/36738-doc-7802" alt="Fundamentals of Electrical Safety Testing">Fundamentals of Electrical Safety Testing</a></h6></li> <li> <a class="w-100 d-block" href="/component/content/article/51066-doc-9385" alt="Accessible, Affordable Industrial CT"> <img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/c_scale,w_400,f_auto,q_auto/v1719987854/sites/tb/whitepaper-covers/Lumafield_Accessible-Affordable-Industrial-CT.jpg' class='border border-secondary lazyload blur-up' width='400' alt='Document cover' /></a> <h6 class="topic overline mt-2 mb-0 min-h-2"> Test & Measurement</h6> <h6 class="title mt-0 min-h-3"> <a href="/component/content/article/51066-doc-9385" alt="Accessible, Affordable Industrial CT">Accessible, Affordable Industrial CT</a></h6></li> <li> <a class="w-100 d-block" href="/component/content/article/51065-doc-9384" alt="5 Reasons Every Engineer Should Be Using Industrial CT"> <img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/c_scale,w_400,f_auto,q_auto/v1720575488/sites/tb/whitepaper-covers/Lumafield_5Reasons-Every-Engineer-Should-Be-Using-Industrial-CT.jpg' class='border border-secondary lazyload blur-up' width='400' alt='Document cover' /></a> <h6 class="topic overline mt-2 mb-0 min-h-2"> Test & Measurement</h6> <h6 class="title mt-0 min-h-3"> <a href="/component/content/article/51065-doc-9384" alt="5 Reasons Every Engineer Should Be Using Industrial CT">5 Reasons Every Engineer Should Be Using...</a></h6></li> <li> <a class="w-100 d-block" href="/component/content/article/51532-doc-9459" alt="Buzz, Squeak and Rattle Testing (BSR) Top FAQs"> <img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/c_scale,w_400,f_auto,q_auto/v1725939868/sites/tb/whitepaper-covers/Intertek_BSR-Top-FAQs.jpg' class='border border-secondary lazyload blur-up' width='400' alt='Document cover' /></a> <h6 class="topic overline mt-2 mb-0 min-h-2"> Test & Measurement</h6> <h6 class="title mt-0 min-h-3"> <a href="/component/content/article/51532-doc-9459" alt="Buzz, Squeak and Rattle Testing (BSR) Top FAQs">Buzz, Squeak and Rattle Testing (BSR) Top FAQs</a></h6></li></ul></div> <div class="bxs-default hidden text-center d-sm-block col-1 pt-5 d-none"> <h3><span id="bxs-default-next"></span></h3></div></div></div> </section>  <div class="container my-5 videos-podcasts"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-12 col-lg-8 content">  <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-12 title"> <i class="fas fa-play-circle section-icon"></i> <h1>Latest Stories</h1></div></div><div class="latest-news mt-3" id="ntb-tags-index"><div class="row article"> <div class="col-md"> <h4> <div>INSIDER</div> <div>Electronics & Computers</div></h4> <h2><a class="feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/51369-esa-to-test-canadian-startups-diamond-quantum-sensors-in-space?m=2523">ESA to Test Canadian Startup's Diamond Quantum Sensors in Space</a></h2> <p> SBQuantum, a Sherbrooke, Canada-based startup developing quantum diamond magnetometers capable of providing accurate readings from space, announced a pair of new contracts this...</p></div> <div class="col-md-auto "> <img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_400/v1724178867/sites/adt/features-16x9/51369/20240821_aerospace_story1_image1_primary-feature-item.jpg' class='img-fluid lazyload blur-up' width='400' alt='Feature Image' /></div> <div class="col-md-12"> <div class="divider"></div></div></div><div class="row article"> <div class="col-md"> <h4> <div>INSIDER</div> <div>Aerospace</div></h4> <h2><a class="feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/51230-x-bow-completest-historic-test-of-industrys-largest-additively-manufactured-rocket-motor?m=2523">X-Bow Completest Historic Test of Industry's Largest Additively Manufactured Rocket Motor</a></h2> <p> X-Bow Systems Inc. (pronounced "/crossbow/"), completed the successful static test of the Ballesta-34 solid rocket motor, nicknamed the XB-32. At ~34...</p></div> <div class="col-md-auto "> <img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_400/v1722626394/sites/adt/features-16x9/51230/20240805_aerospace_story2_feature_primary-feature-item.jpg' class='img-fluid lazyload blur-up' width='400' alt='Feature Image' /></div> <div class="col-md-12"> <div class="divider"></div></div></div><div class="row article"> <div class="col-md"> <h4> <div>Briefs</div> <div>Photonics/Optics</div></h4> <h2><a class="feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/51248-adttsp-08242?m=2523">Researchers Demonstrate the First Chip-Based 3D Printer</a></h2> <p>Imagine a portable 3D printer you could hold in the palm of your hand. Researchers took a major step toward making this idea a reality by demonstrating the first chip-based 3D printer. The prototype chip has no moving parts, instead relying on an array of tiny optical antennas to steer a beam of light. Read on to learn more.</p></div> <div class="col-md-auto "> <img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_400/v1725494111/sites/adt/articles/2024/briefs/ADT-0824-p35_fig1.jpg' class='img-fluid lazyload blur-up' width='400' alt='Feature Image' /></div> <div class="col-md-12"> <div class="divider"></div></div></div><div class="row article"> <div class="col-md"> <h4> <div>Briefs</div> <div>Electronics & Computers</div></h4> <h2><a class="feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/51247-adttsp-08245?m=2523">Streamlined Microcomb Design Provides Control With The Flip of a Switch</a></h2> <p>Researchers at the University of Rochester describe new microcomb lasers they have developed that overcome previous limitations and feature a simple design that could open the door to a broad range of uses. Read on to learn more.</p></div> <div class="col-md-auto "> <img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_400/v1723034761/sites/adt/articles/2024/briefs/ADT-0824-p34_fig1.jpg' class='img-fluid lazyload blur-up' width='400' alt='Feature Image' /></div> <div class="col-md-12"> <div class="divider"></div></div></div><div class="row article"> <div class="col-md"> <h4> <div>Briefs</div> <div>Materials</div></h4> <h2><a class="feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/51246-arltr-9915?m=2523">Testing Military-Grade Adhesive in Extreme Loading Conditions</a></h2> <p>Military performance requirements for adhesives have been traditionally derived to fulfill niche defense needs in harsh operational environments with little consideration for dual-use commercial potential. Read on to learn more.</p></div> <div class="col-md-auto "> <img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_400/v1723034238/sites/adt/articles/2024/briefs/ADT-0824-p33_fig1.jpg' class='img-fluid lazyload blur-up' width='400' alt='Feature Image' /></div> <div class="col-md-12"> <div class="divider"></div></div></div><div class="row article"> <div class="col-md"> <h4> <div>INSIDER</div> <div>Defense</div></h4> <h2><a class="feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/51158-counter-uas-systems-tested-against-swarms-of-50-drones-in-latest-yuma-exercise?m=2523">Counter UAS Systems Tested Against Swarms of 50 Drones in Latest Yuma Exercise</a></h2> <p> The U.S. military has used unmanned aircraft for decades to perform dangerous reconnaissance and attack missions that save lives, but the importance of small...</p></div> <div class="col-md-auto "> <img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_400/v1722143107/sites/adt/features-16x9/51158/20240730_aerospace_dm_story3_primary-feature-item.jpg' class='img-fluid lazyload blur-up' width='400' alt='Feature Image' /></div> <div class="col-md-12"> <div class="divider"></div></div></div><div class="row article"> <div class="col-md"> <h4> <div>INSIDER</div> <div>Manned Systems</div></h4> <h2><a class="feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/51054-airbus-starts-flight-testing-upgraded-french-army-helicopter?m=2523">Airbus Starts Flight Testing Upgraded French Army Helicopter</a></h2> <p> Airbus Helicopters has started the flight testing campaign for the prototype of the NH90 Standard 2. This standard is one of the latest NH90 configurations and is being developed...</p></div> <div class="col-md-auto "> <img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_400/v1719602584/sites/adt/features-16x9/51054/20240708_aerospace_story1_primary-feature-item.jpg' class='img-fluid lazyload blur-up' width='400' alt='Feature Image' /></div> <div class="col-md-12"> <div class="divider"></div></div></div><div class="row article"> <div class="col-md"> <h4> <div>INSIDER</div> <div>Aerospace</div></h4> <h2><a class="feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/50955-air-and-space-force-joint-team-completes-two-intercontinental-missile-tests?m=2523">Air and Space Force Joint Team Completes Two Intercontinental Missile Tests</a></h2> <p> For the second time in a week, a joint team of Air Force Global Strike Command Airmen supported by Space Force Guardians launched an unarmed Minuteman III...</p></div> <div class="col-md-auto "> <img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_400/v1718132665/sites/adt/features-16x9/50955/20240612_defense_story4_primary-feature-item.jpg' class='img-fluid lazyload blur-up' width='400' alt='Feature Image' /></div> <div class="col-md-12"> <div class="divider"></div></div></div><div class="row article"> <div class="col-md"> <h4> <div>INSIDER</div> <div>Test & Measurement</div></h4> <h2><a class="feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/50954-navair-leverages-cfd-to-simulate-aircraft-engine-health-and-aerodynamics?m=2523">NAVAIR Leverages CFD to Simulate Aircraft Engine Health and Aerodynamics</a></h2> <p> Developed by Naval Air Systems Command's (NAVAIR) Small Business Innovation Research/Small Business Technology Transfer (SBIR/STTR) programs, "CharLES" is described by...</p></div> <div class="col-md-auto "> <img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_400/v1718132499/sites/adt/features-16x9/50954/20240612_defense_story3_primary-feature-item.jpg' class='img-fluid lazyload blur-up' width='400' alt='Feature Image' /></div> <div class="col-md-12"> <div class="divider"></div></div></div><div class="row article"> <div class="col-md"> <h4> <div>INSIDER</div> <div>Power</div></h4> <h2><a class="feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/50903-electra-starts-proving-blown-lift-estol-technology?m=2523">Electra Starts Proving Blown Lift eSTOL Technology</a></h2> <p> Electra.aero has completed the first test flights of its piloted blown-lift hybrid-electric short takeoff and landing (eSTOL) demonstrator aircraft, EL-2. According to a May 29...</p></div> <div class="col-md-auto "> <img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_400/v1717531648/sites/adt/features-16x9/50903/20240605_aerospace_story3_primary-feature-item.jpg' class='img-fluid lazyload blur-up' width='400' alt='Feature Image' /></div> <div class="col-md-12"> <div class="divider"></div></div></div><div class="row article"> <div class="col-md"> <h4> <div>INSIDER</div> <div>Defense</div></h4> <h2><a class="feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/50902-ursa-major-performs-first-successful-hotfire-of-hypersonic-draper-engine?m=2523">Ursa Major Performs First Successful Hotfire of Hypersonic Draper Engine</a></h2> <p> Ursa Major announced the successful hotfire of its 4,000-pound thrust closed catalyst cycle hypersonic Draper engine at the company’s Colorado headquarters. The...</p></div> <div class="col-md-auto "> <img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_400/v1717531562/sites/adt/features-16x9/50902/20240605_aerospace_story2_primary-feature-item.jpg' class='img-fluid lazyload blur-up' width='400' alt='Feature Image' /></div> <div class="col-md-12"> <div class="divider"></div></div></div><div class="row article"> <div class="col-md"> <h4> <div>INSIDER</div> <div>Aerospace</div></h4> <h2><a class="feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/50737-directed-energy-deposition-enables-rocket-engine-additive-manufacturing-breakthrough?m=2523">Directed Energy Deposition Enables Rocket Engine Additive Manufacturing Breakthrough</a></h2> <p> The Air Force Research Laboratory's (AFRL) Rocket Propulsion Division recently designed, printed, built and hot fired a first-ever, single-block...</p></div> <div class="col-md-auto "> <img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_400/v1715801229/sites/adt/features-16x9/50737/20240516_defense_story2_primary-feature-item.jpg' class='img-fluid lazyload blur-up' width='400' alt='Feature Image' /></div> <div class="col-md-12"> <div class="divider"></div></div></div><div class="row article"> <div class="col-md"> <h4> <div>INSIDER</div> <div>Aerospace</div></h4> <h2><a class="feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/50660-faa-adopts-new-aircraft-engine-emission-standards-for-non-volatile-particulate-matter?m=2523">FAA Adopts New Aircraft Engine Emission Standards for Non-Volatile Particulate Matter</a></h2> <p> The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) adopted a new rule that will set a limit on carbon particles emitted by subsonic aircraft engines, according to...</p></div> <div class="col-md-auto "> <img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_400/v1714592276/sites/adt/features-16x9/50660/20240502_aerospace_story3_primary-feature-item.jpg' class='img-fluid lazyload blur-up' width='400' alt='Feature Image' /></div> <div class="col-md-12"> <div class="divider"></div></div></div><div class="row article"> <div class="col-md"> <h4> <div>INSIDER</div> <div>RF & Microwave Electronics</div></h4> <h2><a class="feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/50515-army-begins-satcom-as-a-service-evaluation?m=2523">Army Begins Satcom as a Service Evaluation</a></h2> <p> The U.S. Army has started fielding commercial satellite communications equipment, bandwidth and services to several units around the globe, under a new pilot that will inform leadership on a...</p></div> <div class="col-md-auto "> <img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_400/v1712776986/sites/adt/features-16x9/50515/20240411_defense_story1_primary-feature-item.jpg' class='img-fluid lazyload blur-up' width='400' alt='Feature Image' /></div> <div class="col-md-12"> <div class="divider"></div></div></div><div class="row article"> <div class="col-md"> <h4> <div>INSIDER</div> <div>Design</div></h4> <h2><a class="feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/50295-marines-select-prototypes-for-light-armored-vehicle-replacement?m=2523">Marines Select Prototypes for Light Armored Vehicle Replacement</a></h2> <p> The U.S. Marine Corps has selected two companies to design prototype Advanced Reconnaissance Vehicle 30mm Autocannon (ARV-30) vehicles. Under a new two-year award, General...</p></div> <div class="col-md-auto "> <img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_400/v1710275606/sites/adt/features-16x9/50295/20240313_defense_story1_primary-feature-item.jpg' class='img-fluid lazyload blur-up' width='400' alt='Feature Image' /></div> <div class="col-md-12"> <div class="divider"></div></div></div><div class="row article"> <div class="col-md"> <h4> <div>INSIDER</div> <div>Manned Systems</div></h4> <h2><a class="feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/50158-turkeys-kaan-combat-aircraft-completes-first-flight?m=2523">Turkey's KAAN Combat Aircraft Completes First Flight</a></h2> <p> The first combat aircraft to be domestically developed in Turkey, the fifth generation KAAN, completed its first flight on Wednesday, Feb. 21, 2024. Several executives and partners of...</p></div> <div class="col-md-auto "> <img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_400/v1708554272/sites/adt/features-16x9/50158/20240222_aerospace_story1_primary-feature-item.jpg' class='img-fluid lazyload blur-up' width='400' alt='Feature Image' /></div> <div class="col-md-12"> <div class="divider"></div></div></div><div class="row article"> <div class="col-md"> <h4> <div>Briefs</div> <div>Aerospace</div></h4> <h2><a class="feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/50047-tsp-02241?m=2523">New Method to Measure Wind Speed Could Unlock Drones’ Potential</a></h2> <p>Dr. Marc Compere, associate professor of Mechanical Engineering at Embry-Riddle’s Daytona Beach Campus, recently described a new approach to measuring wind effects.</p></div> <div class="col-md-auto "> <img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_400/v1707412787/sites/adt/features-16x9/50047/adt-0224-p42_fig1_primary-feature-item.jpg' class='img-fluid lazyload blur-up' width='400' alt='Feature Image' /></div> <div class="col-md-12"> <div class="divider"></div></div></div><div class="row article"> <div class="col-md"> <h4> <div>INSIDER</div> <div>Data Acquisition</div></h4> <h2><a class="feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/49734-darpa-funded-research-leads-to-quantum-computing-breakthrough?m=2523">DARPA-Funded Research Leads to Quantum Computing Breakthrough</a></h2> <p> A team of researchers working on the Defense Advanced Research Project Agency’s (DARPA’s) Optimization with Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum devices (ONISQ) program has...</p></div> <div class="col-md-auto "> <img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_400/v1702505327/sites/adt/features-16x9/49734/20231214_defense_story4_primary-feature-item.jpg' class='img-fluid lazyload blur-up' width='400' alt='Feature Image' /></div> <div class="col-md-12"> <div class="divider"></div></div></div><div class="row article"> <div class="col-md"> <h4> <div>Articles</div> <div>Materials</div></h4> <h2><a class="feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/49674-ensure-aerospace-composite-quality-with-force-measurement-material-testing?m=2523">Ensure Aerospace Composite Quality with Force Measurement, Material Testing </a></h2> <p>Force measurement and material testing is an essential process for product designers and manufacturers to ensure part integrity, and to gain insightful data for creating the highest quality composite components.</p></div> <div class="col-md-auto "> <img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_400/v1715193194/sites/adt/features-16x9/49674/adt-1223-p8_fig1_primary-feature-item.jpg' class='img-fluid lazyload blur-up' width='400' alt='Feature Image' /></div> <div class="col-md-12"> <div class="divider"></div></div></div><div class="ad-position g-0 row mb-3 "> <div class="col-12 align-content-center mx-auto"> <script tb-donotmove>window.ntb_google_ad_manager_items=window.ntb_google_ad_manager_items||[];ntb_google_ad_manager_items.push({display_sizes:['xs','sm'],slot_ad_unit:'mobilityengineeringtech.com_450x450',slot_code:'21835072403',slot:'/21835072403/mobilityengineeringtech.com_450x450',slot_ad_sizes:['fluid'],div_id:'GAM_pos_21_modid_498',target_pos:'21',size_mapping:[],slot_ad_empty:'default'});</script> <div id='GAM_pos_21_modid_498' class=""></div></div></div><div class="row article"> <div class="col-md"> <h4> <div>Application Briefs</div> <div>Photonics/Optics</div></h4> <h2><a class="feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/49669-quantum-sensing-atomic-gyroscope?m=2523">Quantum Sensing Atomic Gyroscope</a></h2> <p>The Defense Science Board identified three areas of quantum technology that will be most relevant to the DoD's technological superiority: sensing, encryption, and communications.</p></div> <div class="col-md-auto "> <img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_400/v1715192748/sites/adt/features-16x9/49669/adt-1223-p35_fig2_primary-feature-item.jpg' class='img-fluid lazyload blur-up' width='400' alt='Feature Image' /></div> <div class="col-md-12"> <div class="divider"></div></div></div><div class="row article"> <div class="col-md"> <h4> <div>INSIDER</div> <div>Aerospace</div></h4> <h2><a class="feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/49533-the-b-21-raider-starts-flight-testing?m=2523">The B-21 Raider Starts Flight Testing</a></h2> <p> The U.S. Air Force has begun flight testing Northrop Grumman's sixth generation B-21 stealth bomber. Matt Hartman, a freelance photojournalist captured the first flight of the B-21 on Nov. 10 with...</p></div> <div class="col-md-auto "> <img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_400/v1700088770/sites/adt/features-16x9/49533/20231116_aerospace_story1_primary-feature-item.jpg' class='img-fluid lazyload blur-up' width='400' alt='Feature Image' /></div> <div class="col-md-12"> <div class="divider"></div></div></div><div class="row article"> <div class="col-md"> <h4> <div>INSIDER</div> <div>Weapons Systems</div></h4> <h2><a class="feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/49534-hermeus-quarterhorse-joins-hypersonic-high-cadence-testing-program?m=2523">Hermeus Quarterhorse Joins Hypersonic High Cadence Testing Program</a></h2> <p> Prompted by recent investments and advancement from the commercial and non-traditional sector, DIU started the Hypersonic and High-Cadence Airborne Testing Capabilities...</p></div> <div class="col-md-auto "> <img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_400/v1700088711/sites/adt/features-16x9/49534/20231116_aerospace_story2_primary-feature-item.jpg' class='img-fluid lazyload blur-up' width='400' alt='Feature Image' /></div> <div class="col-md-12"> <div class="divider"></div></div></div><div class="row article"> <div class="col-md"> <h4> <div>INSIDER</div> <div>Energy</div></h4> <h2><a class="feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/49465-archer-achieves-first-untethered-flight-with-midnight-evtol?m=2523">Archer Achieves First Untethered Flight with Midnight eVTOL</a></h2> <p> On Oct. 24, Santa Clara, California-based electric vertical takeoff and landing (eVTOL) manufacturer Archer Aviation completed the first flight of its five-seat Midnight prototype...</p></div> <div class="col-md-auto "> <img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_400/v1698874939/sites/adt/features-16x9/49465/20231102_aerospace_story2_primary-feature-item.jpg' class='img-fluid lazyload blur-up' width='400' alt='Feature Image' /></div> <div class="col-md-12"> <div class="divider"></div></div></div><div class="row article"> <div class="col-md"> <h4> <div>INSIDER</div> <div>Propulsion</div></h4> <h2><a class="feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/49376-ramfire-project-develops-tests-3d-printed-aluminum-rocket-engine-nozzle?m=2523">RAMFIRE Project Develops, Tests 3D-Printed Aluminum Rocket Engine Nozzle</a></h2> <p> NASA recently built and tested an additively-manufactured – or 3D printed – rocket engine nozzle made of aluminum, making it lighter than conventional nozzles and...</p></div> <div class="col-md-auto "> <img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_400/v1698351313/sites/adt/features-16x9/49376/20231027_aerospace_dm_story3a_primary-feature-item.jpg' class='img-fluid lazyload blur-up' width='400' alt='Feature Image' /></div> <div class="col-md-12"> <div class="divider"></div></div></div><div class="row article"> <div class="col-md"> <h4> <div>INSIDER</div> <div>Manned Systems</div></h4> <h2><a class="feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/49345-spaceflight-operators-seek-learning-period-extension-more-flight-testing?m=2523">Spaceflight Operators Seek Learning Period Extension, More Flight Testing</a></h2> <p> Commercial spaceflight operations need an extension of the Federal Aviation Administration's moratorium on new regulations for space travel that expires at the...</p></div> <div class="col-md-auto "> <img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_400/v1697836428/sites/adt/features-16x9/49345/20231023_aerospace_story1_2_primary-feature-item.jpg' class='img-fluid lazyload blur-up' width='400' alt='Feature Image' /></div> <div class="col-md-12"> <div class="divider"></div></div></div><div class="row article"> <div class="col-md"> <h4> <div>INSIDER</div> <div>RF & Microwave Electronics</div></h4> <h2><a class="feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/49346-airbus-tests-single-stick-electric-flight-control-system-for-prototype-evtol?m=2523">Airbus Tests Single Stick Electric Flight Control System for Prototype eVTOL</a></h2> <p> Airbus Helicopters has completed a test flight using its FlightLab demonstrator helicopter to evaluate a new single stick electric flight control system developed...</p></div> <div class="col-md-auto "> <img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_400/v1697836565/sites/adt/features-16x9/49346/20231023_aerospace_story2_primary-feature-item.jpg' class='img-fluid lazyload blur-up' width='400' alt='Feature Image' /></div> <div class="col-md-12"> <div class="divider"></div></div></div><div class="row article"> <div class="col-md"> <h4> <div>INSIDER</div> <div>Robotics, Automation & Control</div></h4> <h2><a class="feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/49039-navy-deploys-automated-energy-assessment-tools-to-the-fleet?m=2523">Navy Deploys Automated Energy Assessment Tools to the Fleet</a></h2> <p> Engineers at the Naval Sea Systems Command have achieved an important milestone with the installation of the Global Energy Information System (GENISYS) suite onboard DDG 51 Arleigh...</p></div> <div class="col-md-auto "> <img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_400/v1694636685/sites/adt/features-16x9/49039/20230914_defense_story4_primary-feature-item.jpg' class='img-fluid lazyload blur-up' width='400' alt='Feature Image' /></div> <div class="col-md-12"> <div class="divider"></div></div></div><div class="row article"> <div class="col-md"> <h4> <div>INSIDER</div> <div>Manufacturing & Prototyping</div></h4> <h2><a class="feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/48831-new-transatlantic-partnership-targets-hall-thrusters-for-spacecraft-electric-propulsion?m=2523">New Transatlantic Partnership Targets Hall Thrusters for Spacecraft Electric Propulsion</a></h2> <p> Pulsar Fusion has announced a new trans-Atlantic partnership funded by the U.K. Space Agency (UKSA) between the space propulsion system manufacturer and...</p></div> <div class="col-md-auto "> <img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_400/v1692385733/sites/adt/features-16x9/48831/20230821_aerospace_story4_primary-feature-item.jpg' class='img-fluid lazyload blur-up' width='400' alt='Feature Image' /></div> <div class="col-md-12"> <div class="divider"></div></div></div><div class="row article"> <div class="col-md"> <h4> <div>INSIDER</div> <div>Sensors/Data Acquisition</div></h4> <h2><a class="feed_item_link" href="/component/content/article/48810-new-synthetic-quantum-nanostructures-program-targets-synthetic-metamaterial-development?m=2523">New Synthetic Quantum Nanostructures Program Targets Synthetic Metamaterial Development</a></h2> <p> Current approaches for quantum computing, sensing, communications, and signal-processing rely on superconducting electronic devices that can manipulate or...</p></div> <div class="col-md-auto "> <img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_400/v1692124369/sites/adt/features-16x9/48810/20230816_defense_story2_primary-feature-item.jpg' class='img-fluid lazyload blur-up' width='400' alt='Feature Image' /></div> <div class="col-md-12"> <div class="divider"></div></div></div></div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-12 mt-4"> <a href="/met/topic/aerospace/test-measurement?start=30"> <button type="button" class="btn btn-secondary "> MORE STORIES<span class="fa-duotone fa-solid fa-angle-right ms-2"></span> </button> </a></div></div></div> <div class="col-md-12 col-lg-4 p-3 rightcol"><div class="ad-position g-0 row mb-3 "> <div class="col-12 align-content-center mx-auto"> <script tb-donotmove>window.ntb_google_ad_manager_items=window.ntb_google_ad_manager_items||[];ntb_google_ad_manager_items.push({display_sizes:['md','lg','xl','xxl'],slot_ad_unit:'mobilityengineeringtech.com_450x450',slot_code:'21835072403',slot:'/21835072403/mobilityengineeringtech.com_450x450',slot_ad_sizes:['fluid'],div_id:'GAM_pos_22_modid_494',target_pos:'22',size_mapping:[],slot_ad_empty:'default'});</script> <div id='GAM_pos_22_modid_494' class=""></div></div></div><div class="row mb-4"> <div class="col-md-12 rightcol-trending"> <h2 class="section-overline">Webcasts</h2><div id="rightcol-webinars"> <h4 class="text-white">Defense</h4> <p> <img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_100/v1730191375/sites/adt/features-16x9/51900/shutterstock_194837228_primary-feature-item.jpg' class=' lazyload blur-up' width='100' height='45' alt='Feature Image' /><a class="webinar_module_link" href="/component/content/article/51900-best-practices-for-developing-safe-and-secure-modular-software" alt="Best Practices for Developing Safe and Secure Modular Software"> Best Practices for Developing Safe and Secure Modular Software</a></p> <h4 class="text-white">Power</h4> <p> <img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_100/v1731611719/sites/ae/features-16x9/52036/gamma-technologies-designing-an-hvac-modeling-workflow-2_primary-feature-item.jpg' class=' lazyload blur-up' width='100' height='45' alt='Feature Image' /><a class="webinar_module_link" href="/component/content/article/52036-designing-an-hvac-modeling-workflow-for-cabin-energy-management-and-xil-testing" alt="Designing an HVAC Modeling Workflow for Cabin Energy Management and XiL Testing"> Designing an HVAC Modeling Workflow for Cabin Energy Management...</a></p> <h4 class="text-white">Aerospace</h4> <p> <img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_100/v1731100645/sites/adt/features-16x9/51977/shutterstock_382266112_primary-feature-item.jpg' class=' lazyload blur-up' width='100' height='45' alt='Feature Image' /><a class="webinar_module_link" href="/component/content/article/51977-countering-the-evolving-challenge-of-integrating-uas-into-civilian-airspace" alt="Countering the Evolving Challenge of Integrating UAS Into Civilian Airspace"> Countering the Evolving Challenge of Integrating UAS Into...</a></p> <h4 class="text-white">Test & Measurement</h4> <p> <img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_100/v1729951721/sites/ae/features-16x9/51772/element-quick-guide-image_primary-feature-item.jpg' class=' lazyload blur-up' width='100' height='45' alt='Feature Image' /><a class="webinar_module_link" href="/component/content/article/51772-a-quick-guide-to-multi-axis-simulation-and-component-testing" alt="A Quick Guide to Multi-Axis Simulation and Component Testing"> A Quick Guide to Multi-Axis Simulation and Component Testing</a></p> <h4 class="text-white">RF & Microwave Electronics</h4> <p> <img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_100/v1731940134/sites/tb/features-16x9/52071/111824-tb-podcast-drones_primary-feature-item.jpg' class=' lazyload blur-up' width='100' height='45' alt='Feature Image' /><a class="webinar_module_link" href="/component/content/article/52071-the-unusual-machines-approach-to-low-cost-drones-and-drone-components" alt="The Unusual Machines Approach to Low-Cost Drones and Drone Components"> The Unusual Machines Approach to Low-Cost Drones and Drone Components</a></p> <h4 class="text-white">Test & Measurement</h4> <p> <img src='https://res.cloudinary.com/tbmg/ar_16:9,c_thumb,g_auto:subject,f_auto,q_auto/c_limit,w_100/v1730298618/sites/ae/features-16x9/51839/40065_primary-feature-item.jpg' class=' lazyload blur-up' width='100' height='45' alt='Feature Image' /><a class="webinar_module_link" href="/component/content/article/51839-avoiding-risk-analysis-pitfalls-implementing-linked-dfmea-hara-and-fta" alt="Avoiding Risk Analysis Pitfalls: Implementing Linked DFMEA, HARA, and FTA"> Avoiding Risk Analysis Pitfalls: Implementing Linked DFMEA, HARA, and FTA</a></p></div></div></div></div></div></div> </main></div> <div class="row mt-5"></div><footer class="container mt-5"><hr class="border-top border-primary"> <div class="row row-cols-1 row-cols-sm-2 row-cols-lg-3 py-4 px-5"> <div class="col"><div class="menu-footer-bottom"> <p class="my-2"> <a href="/about">About</a></p> <p class="my-2"> <a href="https://www.techbriefs.com/">Tech Briefs </a></p> <p class="my-2"> <a href="https://www.medicaldesignbriefs.com/">Medical Design Briefs</a></p> <p class="my-2"> <a href="https://status.saemediagroup.com/">Service Status</a></p></div><div id="cb-form" class="modal fade" tabindex="-1" role="dialog" aria-labelledby="exampleModalLabel" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="modal-dialog modal-sm mt-5" role="document"> <div class="modal-content"> <div class="modal-header"> <h5 class="modal-title" id="exampleModalLabel">Sign In</h5> <button type="button" class="btn btn-secondary" data-bs-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"> <span aria-hidden="true">×</span> </button></div> <div class="modal-body"> <form action="https://www.mobilityengineeringtech.com/account/login" method="post" id="login-form" class="form-inline cbLoginForm" data-bs-target="#cb-form"> <input type="hidden" name="option" value="com_comprofiler"/> <input type="hidden" name="view" value="login"/> <input type="hidden" name="op2" value="login"/> <input type="hidden" name="return" value="B:aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubW9iaWxpdHllbmdpbmVlcmluZ3RlY2guY29tL21ldC90b3BpYy9hZXJvc3BhY2UvdGVzdC1tZWFzdXJlbWVudA=="/> <input type="hidden" name="message" value="0"/> <input type="hidden" name="loginfrom" value="loginmodule"/> <input type="hidden" name="ddd7fa2585bfae19d9b163f9e4e8abe4" value="1" /> <div class="form-floating mb-3 w-100"> <input name="username" type="text" class="form-control col-8" id="inputUserName" placeholder="Username"> <label for="inputUserName">Username or Email</label></div> <div class="form-floating mb-3 w-100"> <input name="passwd" type="password" class="form-control col-8" id="inputPassword" placeholder="Password"> <label for="inputPassword">Password</label></div> <button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary col-12 mb-3">Submit <i class="fas fa-sign-in ms-2"></i></button> <a href="https://www.mobilityengineeringtech.com/account/forgot-login" class="col-12"> <i class="fas fa-unlock-alt me-2"></i> Forgot Login? </a> <div class="posttext cb_template cb_template_default"> <p><i>By submitting your personal information, you agree that SAE Media Group and carefully selected industry sponsors of this content may contact you and that you have read and agree to the <a href="/privacy">Privacy Policy</a>. </i></p> <p><i>You may reach us at <a href="mailto:privacy@saemediagroup.com">privacy@saemediagroup.com</a>. </i></p> <p><i>You may unsubscribe at any time.</i></p></div></form></div></div></div></div></div> <div class="col"><div class="menu-footer-bottom"> <p class="my-2"> <a href="/met/subscription-services">Subscriber Services</a></p> <p class="my-2"> <a href="/tb/feedback">Feedback</a></p> <p class="my-2"> <a href="https://www.techbriefsmediagroup.com/company-directory">Contact Us</a></p> <p class="my-2"> <a href="/met/sitemap">Site Map</a></p></div></div> <div class="col"><div class="menu-footer-bottom"> <p class="my-2"> <a href="https://www.techbriefsmediagroup.com">Advertise</a></p> <p class="my-2"> <a href="/privacy">Privacy Policy</a></p> <p class="my-2"> <a href="/cookie-usage-statement">Cookie Usage</a></p></div><p class="menu-footer-followus my-2"> <a class="followus-link" href="https://www.shareaholic.com/v2/follow/?apikey=25d23930eb508eb8d390277b0641827b&service_nickname=linkedin_company&username=sae-media-group" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"><i class="fa-brands fa-linkedin"></i></a></p></div></div> <div class="row row-cols-1 row-cols-sm-2 row-cols-lg-3 py-4 px-5"> <div class="copyright col-12"> <p class="font-italic small">© 2024 SAE Media Group</p></div></div> </footer><script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/cloudinary-core/2.13.1/cloudinary-core-shrinkwrap.min.js" tb-donotmove crossorigin="anonymous" referrerpolicy="no-referrer" integrity="sha512-stp48jOOmT4TXnB4bMJ0rlcR7XagE92cqr7pEb+oFQox6qNSyKiN31GajDsg5VVn+HgM5mhOZinSRXowsRmgPg=="></script><script src="https://kit.fontawesome.com/e04325f501.js" tb-donotmove async crossorigin="anonymous" referrerpolicy="no-referrer"></script><script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/masonry/4.2.2/masonry.pkgd.min.js" tb-donotmove async crossorigin="anonymous" referrerpolicy="no-referrer" integrity="sha512-JRlcvSZAXT8+5SQQAvklXGJuxXTouyq8oIMaYERZQasB8SBDHZaUbeASsJWpk0UUrf89DP3/aefPPrlMR1h1yQ=="></script><script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/lazysizes/5.3.2/lazysizes.min.js" tb-donotmove async crossorigin="anonymous" referrerpolicy="no-referrer" integrity="sha512-q583ppKrCRc7N5O0n2nzUiJ+suUv7Et1JGels4bXOaMFQcamPk9HjdUknZuuFjBNs7tsMuadge5k9RzdmO+1GQ=="></script><script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/jquery/3.7.1/jquery.min.js" tb-donotmove crossorigin="anonymous" referrerpolicy="no-referrer" integrity="sha512-v2CJ7UaYy4JwqLDIrZUI/4hqeoQieOmAZNXBeQyjo21dadnwR+8ZaIJVT8EE2iyI61OV8e6M8PP2/4hpQINQ/g=="></script><script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/bootstrap/5.2.3/js/bootstrap.bundle.min.js" tb-donotmove crossorigin="anonymous" referrerpolicy="no-referrer" integrity="sha512-i9cEfJwUwViEPFKdC1enz4ZRGBj8YQo6QByFTF92YXHi7waCqyexvRD75S5NVTsSiTv7rKWqG9Y5eFxmRsOn0A=="></script><script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/bootstrap-select/1.14.0-beta3/js/bootstrap-select.min.js" defer tb-donotmove crossorigin="anonymous" referrerpolicy="no-referrer" integrity="sha512-yrOmjPdp8qH8hgLfWpSFhC/+R9Cj9USL8uJxYIveJZGAiedxyIxwNw4RsLDlcjNlIRR4kkHaDHSmNHAkxFTmgg=="></script><script type="text/javascript" tb-donotmove> $(function () { var cl = cloudinary.Cloudinary.new({ cloud_name: "tbmg" }); cl.config({ defaultBreakpoints: [100,200,400,500,800,1000,1200], responsive_use_breakpoints: true, }); cl.responsive(); }); var match_md_max = window.matchMedia("(max-width: 991px)"); $(function () { var tooltipTriggerList = [].slice.call(document.querySelectorAll('[data-bs-toggle="tooltip"]')) var tooltipList = tooltipTriggerList.map(function (tooltipTriggerEl) { return new bootstrap.Tooltip(tooltipTriggerEl) }) }); </script> <link rel="preload" href="https://cdn.shareaholic.net/assets/pub/shareaholic.js" as="script"/> <meta name="shareaholic:site_id" content="25d23930eb508eb8d390277b0641827b"/> <script data-cfasync="false" async src="https://cdn.shareaholic.net/assets/pub/shareaholic.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" tb-donotmove> $(function () { // olytics 3.0 window.olytics || (window.olytics = []), window.olytics.methods = ["fire", "confirm"], window.olytics.factory = function (i) { return function () { var t = Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments); return t.unshift(i), window.olytics.push(t), window.olytics } }; for (var i = 0; i < window.olytics.methods.length; i++) { var method = window.olytics.methods[i]; window.olytics[method] = window.olytics.factory(method) } olytics.load = function (i) { if (!document.getElementById("olyticsImport")) { window.a = window.olytics; var t = document.createElement("script"); t.async = !0, t.id = "olyticsImport", t.type = "text/javascript"; var o = ""; void 0 !== i && void 0 !== i.oid && (o = i.oid), t.setAttribute("data-oid", o), t.src = "https://olytics.omeda.com/olytics/js/v3/p/olytics.min.js", t.addEventListener("load", function (t) { for (olytics.initialize({Olytics: i}); window.a.length > 0;) { var o = window.a.shift(), s = o.shift(); olytics[s] && olytics[s].apply(olytics, o) } }, !1); var s = document.getElementsByTagName("script")[0]; s.parentNode.insertBefore(t, s) } }, olytics.load({oid: "c1d61b8c10b7440fb3c59fe5b6424a6b"}); }); </script><noscript> <img height="1" width="1" style="display:none;" alt="" src="https://px.ads.linkedin.com/collect/?pid=3077140&fmt=gif" class="nolazyload"/> </noscript>  <script src="https://static.mobilityengineeringtech.com/media/system/js/core.min.js?37ffe4186289eba9c5df81bea44080aff77b9684"></script> <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/bxslider/4.2.17/jquery.bxslider.min.js" crossorigin="anonymous" referrerpolicy="no-referrer" integrity="sha512-LaBO0tZh1+6Ebk+EnHt/WsGM0UnmkCXfQ1rfhGmpa5MXUdslNuSSELBRcteHKz4k4ny+Op10Ax2fPoTNq+VcUg=="></script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/templates/met_2022/css/template.min.css?t=1732180729" crossorigin="anonymous" referrerpolicy="no-referrer" integrity="sha512-UtoJaAI/4JQBZM00iYjo3qQK6A+Ak0jFi1wyU8KpaMUjQeqnekY5yHFR3nMajeDbJPLgcQD0/N3vXpzqE5uLHQ=="/> <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/lazysizes/5.3.2/plugins/print/ls.print.min.js" defer crossorigin="anonymous" referrerpolicy="no-referrer" integrity="sha512-tY3D/iSWSdQE2NSLW/mRWQd/bvHAGjyCLRwSd23sqNbbgVnUaah2t+ZpX7hdBOskZ7PqYvwe4E+qxNARGojJGQ=="></script> <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/limonte-sweetalert2/11.14.5/sweetalert2.all.min.js" crossorigin="anonymous" referrerpolicy="no-referrer" integrity="sha512-m4zOGknNg3h+mK09EizkXi9Nf7B3zwsN9ow+YkYIPZoA6iX2vSzLezg4FnW0Q6Z1CPaJdwgUFQ3WSAUC4E/5Hg=="></script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/bootstrap-select/1.14.0-beta3/css/bootstrap-select.min.css" media="print" onload="this.media='all'" crossorigin="anonymous" referrerpolicy="no-referrer" integrity="sha512-g2SduJKxa4Lbn3GW+Q7rNz+pKP9AWMR++Ta8fgwsZRCUsawjPvF/BxSMkGS61VsR9yinGoEgrHPGPn2mrj8+4w=="/> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://olytics.omeda.com/olytics/css/v3/p/olytics.css" media="print" onload="this.media='all'"/>  <script> var GAM_breakpoint=window.getComputedStyle(document.querySelector('body'),':before').getPropertyValue('content').replace(/"/g,'');window.googletag=window.googletag||{cmd:[]};googletag.cmd.push(function(){googletag.pubads().setTargeting('sitepage',['MET/Aerospace/TestMeasurement']).setTargeting('site',["MET"]).setTargeting('menu_route',["met\/topic\/aerospace\/test-measurement"]).setTargeting('menu_topics',["Test & Measurement"]).setTargeting('menu_tags',["Test & Measurement','Inspection Equipment','Measuring Instruments','Monitoring','Instrumentation','Testing Procedures','Metrology','Automatic Test Equipment (ATE)','Oscilloscopes','Logic Analyzers','Thermal\/IR Testers','Meters Handheld Instruments','Continuity Testers','Signal Generators','Time-Domain Reflectometers','Spectrum Analyzers"]).setTargeting('topic',["Test & Measurement"]).setTargeting('hub',["Aerospace"]);googletag.pubads().enableSingleRequest();googletag.pubads().collapseEmptyDivs();googletag.pubads().setCentering(true);googletag.pubads().setForceSafeFrame(false);googletag.enableServices();});$(function(){function ntb_google_ad_manager_build(item){item_div=$('#'+item.div_id);if(item.display_sizes.includes(GAM_breakpoint)){googletag.cmd.push(function(){var item=this;var item_div=$('#'+item.div_id);size_mapping=[];if(item.size_mapping.length){size_mapping=googletag.sizeMapping();item.size_mapping.forEach(function(size_map){size_mapping.addSize(size_map.view,size_map.map);});size_mapping.build();} var targetSlot=googletag.defineSlot(item.slot,item.slot_ad_sizes,item.div_id).setTargeting('pos',[item.target_pos]).defineSizeMapping(size_mapping);if(item.slot_ad_empty==='default'){targetSlot=targetSlot.setCollapseEmptyDiv(true);} if(item.slot_ad_empty==='collapse'){targetSlot=targetSlot.setCollapseEmptyDiv(true,true);} if(item.slot_ad_empty==='expand'){targetSlot=targetSlot.setCollapseEmptyDiv(false);} targetSlot.addService(googletag.pubads());googletag.pubads().addEventListener('slotRenderEnded',function(event){if(event.slot===targetSlot&&event.isEmpty){item_div.parents('.ad-position').addClass('d-none');googletag.destroySlots(event.slot);}});googletag.enableServices();}.bind(item));} else{item_div.parents('.ad-position').addClass('d-none');}} function ntb_google_ad_manager_display(item){if(item.display_all||item.display_sizes.includes(GAM_breakpoint)){googletag.cmd.push(function(){item=this;googletag.display(item.div_id);}.bind(item));}} for(let i=0;i<ntb_google_ad_manager_items.length;i++){ntb_google_ad_manager_build(ntb_google_ad_manager_items[i]);} for(let i=0;i<ntb_google_ad_manager_items.length;i++){ntb_google_ad_manager_display(ntb_google_ad_manager_items[i]);}}); /*! inlined from /media/system/js/keepalive-es5.min.js by ntb_minifier */ (function(){'use strict';if(!window.Joomla){throw new Error('Joomla API was not properly initialised');} var keepAliveOptions=Joomla.getOptions('system.keepalive');var keepAliveInterval=keepAliveOptions&&keepAliveOptions.interval?parseInt(keepAliveOptions.interval,10):45*1000;var keepAliveUri=keepAliveOptions&&keepAliveOptions.uri?keepAliveOptions.uri.replace(/&/g,'&'):'';if(keepAliveUri===''){var systemPaths=Joomla.getOptions('system.paths');keepAliveUri=(systemPaths?systemPaths.root+"/index.php":window.location.pathname)+"?option=com_ajax&format=json";} setInterval(function(){return fetch(keepAliveUri,{method:'POST'});},keepAliveInterval);})(); /*! inlined from /media/mod_ntb_bxslider/js/global.min.js by ntb_minifier */ var bxs_update;var bxs_config=[];bxs_breakpoint=function(){breakpoint=window.getComputedStyle(document.querySelector('body'),':before').getPropertyValue('content').replace(/"/g,'')||'lg';if(breakpoint==='none'){breakpoint='lg';} return breakpoint;};bxs_create=function(name,swaps){var id='bxs-'+name;var bp=bxs_breakpoint();bxs_config[name]={id:id,bp:bp,swaps:swaps,settings:{auto:true,stopAutoOnClick:true,pause:5000,pager:false,minSlides:swaps[bp].slides,maxSlides:swaps[bp].slides,moveSlides:swaps[bp].slides,slideMargin:swaps[bp].margin,slideWidth:swaps[bp].width,nextSelector:'#'+id+'-next',prevSelector:'#'+id+'-prev',nextText:'<i class="fas fa-2x fa-angle-right"></i>',prevText:'<i class="fas fa-2x fa-angle-left"></i>',randomStart:true,adaptiveHeight:true,shrinkItems:true,touchEnabled:false,}};};$(function(){bxs_activate=function(name){bxs_config[name].bxslider=$('#'+bxs_config[name].id+' .bxslider').bxSlider(bxs_config[name].settings);bxs_update(name);$(window).resize(function(){bxs_update(name);});} bxs_update=function(name){var current_bp=bxs_breakpoint();if(current_bp!==bxs_config[name].bp){bxs_config[name].bp=current_bp;var swaps=bxs_config[name].swaps;bxs_config[name].settings.minSlides=swaps[current_bp].slides;bxs_config[name].settings.maxSlides=swaps[current_bp].slides;bxs_config[name].settings.moveSlides=swaps[current_bp].slides;bxs_config[name].settings.slideMargin=swaps[current_bp].margin;bxs_config[name].settings.slideWidth=swaps[current_bp].width;bxs_config[name].bxslider.reloadSlider(bxs_config[name].settings);} $('.'+bxs_config[name].id).removeClass('hidden');bxs_config[name].bxslider.redrawSlider();};});$(function(){olytics.fire({behaviorId:'4781B0235467A1D',category:"Test & Measurement",tag:"Test & Measurement,Inspection Equipment,Measuring Instruments,Monitoring,Instrumentation,Testing Procedures,Metrology,Automatic Test Equipment (ATE),Oscilloscopes,Logic Analyzers,Thermal\/IR Testers,Meters Handheld Instruments,Continuity Testers,Signal Generators,Time-Domain Reflectometers,Spectrum Analyzers",pageType:"index",contentType:"topic"})});!function(s,a,e,v,n,t,z){if(s.saq)return;n=s.saq=function(){n.callMethod?n.callMethod.apply(n,arguments):n.queue.push(arguments)};if(!s._saq)s._saq=n;n.push=n;n.loaded=!0;n.version='1.0';n.queue=[];t=a.createElement(e);t.async=!0;t.src=v;z=a.getElementsByTagName(e)[0];z.parentNode.insertBefore(t,z)}(window,document,'script','https://tags.srv.stackadapt.com/events.js');saq('ts','3GYZ_Va41jnx_uqfPcLCuQ');var match_md_max=window.matchMedia("(max-width: 991px)");bxs_create('default',{xxl:{slides:5,margin:20,width:256},xl:{slides:5,margin:20,width:256},lg:{slides:4,margin:32,width:256},md:{slides:3,margin:35,width:256},sm:{slides:3,margin:10,width:256},xs:{slides:2,margin:10,width:256}});$(function(){bxs_activate('default');});$(function(){$('#cb-form').on('shown.bs.modal',function(){$('#inputUserName').focus();})}); /*! inlined from /templates/met_2022/js/custom.min.js by ntb_minifier */ var _extraWatchParams=_extraWatchParams||[];_extraWatchParams.projectId='20fce0b3-1572-4e54-beee-ab2aa9ae327b';(function(){var ew=document.createElement('script');ew.type='text/javascript';ew.async=true;ew.src='https://agent.extrawatch.com/agent/js/ew.js';var s=document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0];s.parentNode.insertBefore(ew,s);})();_linkedin_partner_id="3077140";window._linkedin_data_partner_ids=window._linkedin_data_partner_ids||[];window._linkedin_data_partner_ids.push(_linkedin_partner_id);(function(l){if(!l){window.lintrk=function(a,b){window.lintrk.q.push([a,b])};window.lintrk.q=[]} var s=document.getElementsByTagName("script")[0];var b=document.createElement("script");b.type="text/javascript";b.async=true;b.src="https://snap.licdn.com/li.lms-analytics/insight.min.js";s.parentNode.insertBefore(b,s);})(window.lintrk); </script> </body> </html>