CINXE.COM

<!doctype html><html lang="en-US" prefix="og: https://ogp.me/ns#"><head><meta charSet="utf-8"/><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"/><link rel="icon" href="https://developer.mozilla.org/favicon-48x48.bc390275e955dacb2e65.png"/><link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="https://developer.mozilla.org/apple-touch-icon.528534bba673c38049c2.png"/><meta name="theme-color" content="#ffffff"/><link rel="manifest" href="https://developer.mozilla.org/manifest.f42880861b394dd4dc9b.json"/><link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/opensearch.xml" title="MDN Web Docs"/><title>开始我们的 React 待办清单 - 学习 Web 开发 | MDN</title><link rel="alternate" title="Beginn unserer React-Task-Liste" href="https://developer.mozilla.org/de/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/React_todo_list_beginning" hrefLang="de"/><link rel="alternate" title="Beginning our React todo list" href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/React_todo_list_beginning" hrefLang="en"/><link rel="alternate" title="Commencer notre liste de tâches en React" href="https://developer.mozilla.org/fr/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/React_todo_list_beginning" hrefLang="fr"/><link rel="alternate" title="React ToDoリストをはじめる" href="https://developer.mozilla.org/ja/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/React_todo_list_beginning" hrefLang="ja"/><link rel="alternate" title="React todo list 시작하기" href="https://developer.mozilla.org/ko/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/React_todo_list_beginning" hrefLang="ko"/><link rel="alternate" title="Beginning our React todo list" href="https://developer.mozilla.org/zh-TW/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/React_todo_list_beginning" hrefLang="zh-Hant"/><link rel="alternate" title="开始我们的 React 待办清单" href="https://developer.mozilla.org/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/React_todo_list_beginning" hrefLang="zh"/><link rel="preload" as="font" type="font/woff2" href="/static/media/Inter.var.c2fe3cb2b7c746f7966a.woff2" crossorigin=""/><link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="MDN Blog RSS Feed" href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/blog/rss.xml" hrefLang="en"/><meta name="description" content="假设我们的任务是在 React 中创建一个概念验证——一个允许用户添加、编辑和删除他们想做的任务的应用程序，并且在不删除任务的情况下将其标记为完成。这篇文章将引导你完成基本的 App 组件结构和样式，为以后添加的单个组件定义和交互性做好准备。"/><meta property="og:url" content="https://developer.mozilla.org/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/React_todo_list_beginning"/><meta property="og:title" content="开始我们的 React 待办清单 - 学习 Web 开发 | MDN"/><meta property="og:type" content="website"/><meta property="og:locale" content="zh_CN"/><meta property="og:description" content="假设我们的任务是在 React 中创建一个概念验证——一个允许用户添加、编辑和删除他们想做的任务的应用程序，并且在不删除任务的情况下将其标记为完成。这篇文章将引导你完成基本的 App 组件结构和样式，为以后添加的单个组件定义和交互性做好准备。"/><meta property="og:image" content="https://developer.mozilla.org/mdn-social-share.d893525a4fb5fb1f67a2.png"/><meta property="og:image:type" content="image/png"/><meta property="og:image:height" content="1080"/><meta property="og:image:width" content="1920"/><meta property="og:image:alt" content="The MDN Web Docs logo, featuring a blue accent color, displayed on a solid black background."/><meta property="og:site_name" content="MDN Web Docs"/><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image"/><meta name="twitter:creator" content="MozDevNet"/><link rel="canonical" href="https://developer.mozilla.org/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/React_todo_list_beginning"/><style media="print">.article-actions-container,.document-toc-container,.language-menu,.main-menu-toggle,.on-github,.page-footer,.place,.sidebar,.top-banner,.top-navigation-main,ul.prev-next{display:none!important}.main-page-content,.main-page-content pre{padding:2px}.main-page-content pre{border-left-width:2px}</style><script src="/static/js/gtag.js" defer=""></script><script defer="" src="/static/js/main.5e889624.js"></script><link href="/static/css/main.26c64ea7.css" rel="stylesheet"/></head><body><script>if(document.body.addEventListener("load",(t=>{t.target.classList.contains("interactive")&&t.target.setAttribute("data-readystate","complete")}),{capture:!0}),window&&document.documentElement){const t={light:"#ffffff",dark:"#1b1b1b"};try{const e=window.localStorage.getItem("theme");e&&(document.documentElement.className=e,document.documentElement.style.backgroundColor=t[e]);const o=window.localStorage.getItem("nop");o&&(document.documentElement.dataset.nop=o)}catch(t){console.warn("Unable to read theme from localStorage",t)}}</script><div id="root"><ul id="nav-access" class="a11y-nav"><li><a id="skip-main" href="#content">Skip to main content</a></li><li><a id="skip-search" href="#top-nav-search-input">Skip to search</a></li><li><a id="skip-select-language" href="#languages-switcher-button">Skip to select language</a></li></ul><div class="page-wrapper category-learn document-page"><div class="top-banner loading"><section class="place top container"></section></div><div class="sticky-header-container"><header class="top-navigation "><div class="container "><div class="top-navigation-wrap"><a href="/zh-CN/" class="logo" aria-label="MDN homepage"><svg id="mdn-docs-logo" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" x="0" y="0" viewBox="0 0 694.9 104.4" style="enable-background:new 0 0 694.9 104.4" xml:space="preserve" role="img"><title>MDN Web Docs</title><path d="M40.3 0 11.7 92.1H0L28.5 0h11.8zm10.4 0v92.1H40.3V0h10.4zM91 0 62.5 92.1H50.8L79.3 0H91zm10.4 0v92.1H91V0h10.4z" class="logo-m"></path><path d="M627.9 95.6h67v8.8h-67v-8.8z" class="logo-_"></path><path d="M367 42h-4l-10.7 30.8h-5.5l-10.8-26h-.4l-10.5 26h-5.2L308.7 42h-3.8v-5.6H323V42h-6.5l6.8 20.4h.4l10.3-26h4.7l11.2 26h.5l5.7-20.3h-6.2v-5.6H367V42zm34.9 20c-.4 3.2-2 5.9-4.7 8.2-2.8 2.3-6.5 3.4-11.3 3.4-5.4 0-9.7-1.6-13.1-4.7-3.3-3.2-5-7.7-5-13.7 0-5.7 1.6-10.3 4.7-14s7.4-5.5 12.9-5.5c5.1 0 9.1 1.6 11.9 4.7s4.3 6.9 4.3 11.3c0 1.5-.2 3-.5 4.7h-25.6c.3 7.7 4 11.6 10.9 11.6 2.9 0 5.1-.7 6.5-2 1.5-1.4 2.5-3 3-4.9l6 .9zM394 51.3c.2-2.4-.4-4.7-1.8-6.9s-3.8-3.3-7-3.3c-3.1 0-5.3 1-6.9 3-1.5 2-2.5 4.4-2.8 7.2H394zm51 2.4c0 5-1.3 9.5-4 13.7s-6.9 6.2-12.7 6.2c-6 0-10.3-2.2-12.7-6.7-.1.4-.2 1.4-.4 2.9s-.3 2.5-.4 2.9h-7.3c.3-1.7.6-3.5.8-5.3.3-1.8.4-3.7.4-5.5V22.3h-6v-5.6H416v27c1.1-2.2 2.7-4.1 4.7-5.7 2-1.6 4.8-2.4 8.4-2.4 4.6 0 8.4 1.6 11.4 4.7 3 3.2 4.5 7.6 4.5 13.4zm-7.7.6c0-4.2-1-7.4-3-9.5-2-2.2-4.4-3.3-7.4-3.3-3.4 0-6 1.2-8 3.7-1.9 2.4-2.9 5-3 7.7V57c0 3 1 5.6 3 7.7s4.5 3.1 7.6 3.1c3.6 0 6.3-1.3 8.1-3.9 1.8-2.7 2.7-5.9 2.7-9.6zm69.2 18.5h-13.2v-7.2c-1.2 2.2-2.8 4.1-4.9 5.6-2.1 1.6-4.8 2.4-8.3 2.4-4.8 0-8.7-1.6-11.6-4.9-2.9-3.2-4.3-7.7-4.3-13.3 0-5 1.3-9.6 4-13.7 2.6-4.1 6.9-6.2 12.8-6.2 5.7 0 9.8 2.2 12.3 6.5V22.3h-8.6v-5.6h15.8v50.6h6v5.5zM493.2 56v-4.4c-.1-3-1.2-5.5-3.2-7.3s-4.4-2.8-7.2-2.8c-3.6 0-6.3 1.3-8.2 3.9-1.9 2.6-2.8 5.8-2.8 9.6 0 4.1 1 7.3 3 9.5s4.5 3.3 7.4 3.3c3.2 0 5.8-1.3 7.8-3.8 2.1-2.6 3.1-5.3 3.2-8zm53.1-1.4c0 5.6-1.8 10.2-5.3 13.7s-8.2 5.3-13.9 5.3-10.1-1.7-13.4-5.1c-3.3-3.4-5-7.9-5-13.5 0-5.3 1.6-9.9 4.7-13.7 3.2-3.8 7.9-5.7 14.2-5.7s11 1.9 14.1 5.7c3 3.7 4.6 8.1 4.6 13.3zm-7.7-.2c0-4-1-7.2-3-9.5s-4.8-3.5-8.2-3.5c-3.6 0-6.4 1.2-8.3 3.7s-2.9 5.6-2.9 9.5c0 3.7.9 6.8 2.8 9.4 1.9 2.6 4.6 3.9 8.3 3.9 3.6 0 6.4-1.3 8.4-3.8 1.9-2.6 2.9-5.8 2.9-9.7zm45 5.8c-.4 3.2-1.9 6.3-4.4 9.1-2.5 2.9-6.4 4.3-11.8 4.3-5.2 0-9.4-1.6-12.6-4.8-3.2-3.2-4.8-7.7-4.8-13.7 0-5.5 1.6-10.1 4.7-13.9 3.2-3.8 7.6-5.7 13.2-5.7 2.3 0 4.6.3 6.7.8 2.2.5 4.2 1.5 6.2 2.9l1.5 9.5-5.9.7-1.3-6.1c-2.1-1.2-4.5-1.8-7.2-1.8-3.5 0-6.1 1.2-7.7 3.7-1.7 2.5-2.5 5.7-2.5 9.6 0 4.1.9 7.3 2.7 9.5 1.8 2.3 4.4 3.4 7.8 3.4 5.2 0 8.2-2.9 9.2-8.8l6.2 1.3zm34.7 1.9c0 3.6-1.5 6.5-4.6 8.5s-7 3-11.7 3c-5.7 0-10.6-1.2-14.6-3.6l1.2-8.8 5.7.6-.2 4.7c1.1.5 2.3.9 3.6 1.1s2.6.3 3.9.3c2.4 0 4.5-.4 6.5-1.3 1.9-.9 2.9-2.2 2.9-4.1 0-1.8-.8-3.1-2.3-3.8s-3.5-1.3-5.8-1.7-4.6-.9-6.9-1.4c-2.3-.6-4.2-1.6-5.7-2.9-1.6-1.4-2.3-3.5-2.3-6.3 0-4.1 1.5-6.9 4.6-8.5s6.4-2.4 9.9-2.4c2.6 0 5 .3 7.2.9 2.2.6 4.3 1.4 6.1 2.4l.8 8.8-5.8.7-.8-5.7c-2.3-1-4.7-1.6-7.2-1.6-2.1 0-3.7.4-5.1 1.1-1.3.8-2 2-2 3.8 0 1.7.8 2.9 2.3 3.6 1.5.7 3.4 1.2 5.7 1.6 2.2.4 4.5.8 6.7 1.4 2.2.6 4.1 1.6 5.7 3 1.4 1.6 2.2 3.7 2.2 6.6zM197.6 73.2h-17.1v-5.5h3.8V51.9c0-3.7-.7-6.3-2.1-7.9-1.4-1.6-3.3-2.3-5.7-2.3-3.2 0-5.6 1.1-7.2 3.4s-2.4 4.6-2.5 6.9v15.6h6v5.5h-17.1v-5.5h3.8V51.9c0-3.8-.7-6.4-2.1-7.9-1.4-1.5-3.3-2.3-5.6-2.3-3.2 0-5.5 1.1-7.2 3.3-1.6 2.2-2.4 4.5-2.5 6.9v15.8h6.9v5.5h-20.2v-5.5h6V42.4h-6.1v-5.6h13.4v6.4c1.2-2.1 2.7-3.8 4.7-5.2 2-1.3 4.4-2 7.3-2s5.3.7 7.5 2.1c2.2 1.4 3.7 3.5 4.5 6.4 1.1-2.5 2.7-4.5 4.9-6.1s4.8-2.4 7.9-2.4c3.5 0 6.5 1.1 8.9 3.3s3.7 5.6 3.7 10.2v18.2h6.1v5.5zm42.5 0h-13.2V66c-1.2 2.2-2.8 4.1-4.9 5.6-2.1 1.6-4.8 2.4-8.3 2.4-4.8 0-8.7-1.6-11.6-4.9-2.9-3.2-4.3-7.7-4.3-13.3 0-5 1.3-9.6 4-13.7 2.6-4.1 6.9-6.2 12.8-6.2s9.8 2.2 12.3 6.5V22.7h-8.6v-5.6h15.8v50.6h6v5.5zm-13.3-16.8V52c-.1-3-1.2-5.5-3.2-7.3s-4.4-2.8-7.2-2.8c-3.6 0-6.3 1.3-8.2 3.9-1.9 2.6-2.8 5.8-2.8 9.6 0 4.1 1 7.3 3 9.5s4.5 3.3 7.4 3.3c3.2 0 5.8-1.3 7.8-3.8 2.1-2.6 3.1-5.3 3.2-8zm61.5 16.8H269v-5.5h6V51.9c0-3.7-.7-6.3-2.2-7.9-1.4-1.6-3.4-2.3-5.7-2.3-3.1 0-5.6 1-7.4 3s-2.8 4.4-2.9 7v15.9h6v5.5h-19.3v-5.5h6V42.4h-6.2v-5.6h13.6V43c2.6-4.6 6.8-6.9 12.7-6.9 3.6 0 6.7 1.1 9.2 3.3s3.7 5.6 3.7 10.2v18.2h6v5.4h-.2z" class="logo-text"></path></svg></a><button title="Open main menu" type="button" class="button action has-icon main-menu-toggle" aria-haspopup="menu" aria-label="Open main menu" aria-expanded="false"><span class="button-wrap"><span class="icon icon-menu "></span><span class="visually-hidden">Open main menu</span></span></button></div><div class="top-navigation-main"><nav class="main-nav" aria-label="Main menu"><ul class="main-menu nojs"><li class="top-level-entry-container "><button type="button" id="references-button" class="top-level-entry menu-toggle" aria-controls="references-menu" aria-expanded="false">References</button><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Web" class="top-level-entry">References</a><ul id="references-menu" class="submenu references hidden inline-submenu-lg" aria-labelledby="references-button"><li class="apis-link-container mobile-only "><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Web" class="submenu-item "><div class="submenu-icon"></div><div class="submenu-content-container"><div class="submenu-item-heading">Overview / Web Technology</div><p class="submenu-item-description">Web technology reference for developers</p></div></a></li><li class="html-link-container "><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Web/HTML" class="submenu-item "><div class="submenu-icon html"></div><div class="submenu-content-container"><div class="submenu-item-heading">HTML</div><p class="submenu-item-description">Structure of content on the web</p></div></a></li><li class="css-link-container "><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Web/CSS" class="submenu-item "><div class="submenu-icon css"></div><div class="submenu-content-container"><div class="submenu-item-heading">CSS</div><p class="submenu-item-description">Code used to describe document style</p></div></a></li><li class="javascript-link-container "><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Web/JavaScript" class="submenu-item "><div class="submenu-icon javascript"></div><div class="submenu-content-container"><div class="submenu-item-heading">JavaScript</div><p class="submenu-item-description">General-purpose scripting language</p></div></a></li><li class="http-link-container "><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Web/HTTP" class="submenu-item "><div class="submenu-icon http"></div><div class="submenu-content-container"><div class="submenu-item-heading">HTTP</div><p class="submenu-item-description">Protocol for transmitting web resources</p></div></a></li><li class="apis-link-container "><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Web/API" class="submenu-item "><div class="submenu-icon apis"></div><div class="submenu-content-container"><div class="submenu-item-heading">Web APIs</div><p class="submenu-item-description">Interfaces for building web applications</p></div></a></li><li class="apis-link-container "><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Mozilla/Add-ons/WebExtensions" class="submenu-item "><div class="submenu-icon"></div><div class="submenu-content-container"><div class="submenu-item-heading">Web Extensions</div><p class="submenu-item-description">Developing extensions for web browsers</p></div></a></li><li class="apis-link-container desktop-only "><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Web" class="submenu-item "><div class="submenu-icon"></div><div class="submenu-content-container"><div class="submenu-item-heading">Web Technology</div><p class="submenu-item-description">Web technology reference for developers</p></div></a></li></ul></li><li class="top-level-entry-container active"><button type="button" id="guides-button" class="top-level-entry menu-toggle" aria-controls="guides-menu" aria-expanded="false">Guides</button><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn" class="top-level-entry">Guides</a><ul id="guides-menu" class="submenu guides hidden inline-submenu-lg" aria-labelledby="guides-button"><li class="apis-link-container mobile-only "><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn" class="submenu-item "><div class="submenu-icon learn"></div><div class="submenu-content-container"><div class="submenu-item-heading">Overview / MDN Learning Area</div><p class="submenu-item-description">Learn web development</p></div></a></li><li class="apis-link-container desktop-only "><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn" class="submenu-item "><div class="submenu-icon learn"></div><div class="submenu-content-container"><div class="submenu-item-heading">MDN Learning Area</div><p class="submenu-item-description">Learn web development</p></div></a></li><li class="html-link-container "><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/HTML" class="submenu-item "><div class="submenu-icon html"></div><div class="submenu-content-container"><div class="submenu-item-heading">HTML</div><p class="submenu-item-description">Learn to structure web content with HTML</p></div></a></li><li class="css-link-container "><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/CSS" class="submenu-item "><div class="submenu-icon css"></div><div class="submenu-content-container"><div class="submenu-item-heading">CSS</div><p class="submenu-item-description">Learn to style content using CSS</p></div></a></li><li class="javascript-link-container "><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/JavaScript" class="submenu-item "><div class="submenu-icon javascript"></div><div class="submenu-content-container"><div class="submenu-item-heading">JavaScript</div><p class="submenu-item-description">Learn to run scripts in the browser</p></div></a></li><li class=" "><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Web/Accessibility" class="submenu-item "><div class="submenu-icon"></div><div class="submenu-content-container"><div class="submenu-item-heading">Accessibility</div><p class="submenu-item-description">Learn to make the web accessible to all</p></div></a></li></ul></li><li class="top-level-entry-container "><button type="button" id="mdn-plus-button" class="top-level-entry menu-toggle" aria-controls="mdn-plus-menu" aria-expanded="false">Plus</button><a href="/zh-CN/plus" class="top-level-entry">Plus</a><ul id="mdn-plus-menu" class="submenu mdn-plus hidden inline-submenu-lg" aria-labelledby="mdn-plus-button"><li class=" "><a href="/zh-CN/plus" class="submenu-item "><div class="submenu-icon"></div><div class="submenu-content-container"><div class="submenu-item-heading">Overview</div><p class="submenu-item-description">A customized MDN experience</p></div></a></li><li class=" "><a href="/zh-CN/plus/ai-help" class="submenu-item "><div class="submenu-icon"></div><div class="submenu-content-container"><div class="submenu-item-heading">AI Help</div><p class="submenu-item-description">Get real-time assistance and support</p></div></a></li><li class=" "><a href="/zh-CN/plus/updates" class="submenu-item "><div class="submenu-icon"></div><div class="submenu-content-container"><div class="submenu-item-heading">Updates</div><p class="submenu-item-description">All browser compatibility updates at a glance</p></div></a></li><li class=" "><a href="/en-US/plus/docs/features/overview" class="submenu-item "><div class="submenu-icon"></div><div class="submenu-content-container"><div class="submenu-item-heading">Documentation</div><p class="submenu-item-description">Learn how to use MDN Plus</p></div></a></li><li class=" "><a href="/en-US/plus/docs/faq" class="submenu-item "><div class="submenu-icon"></div><div class="submenu-content-container"><div class="submenu-item-heading">FAQ</div><p class="submenu-item-description">Frequently asked questions about MDN Plus</p></div></a></li></ul></li><li class="top-level-entry-container "><a class="top-level-entry menu-link" href="/en-US/curriculum/">Curriculum <sup class="new">New</sup></a></li><li class="top-level-entry-container "><a class="top-level-entry menu-link" href="/en-US/blog/">Blog</a></li><li class="top-level-entry-container "><button type="button" id="tools-button" class="top-level-entry menu-toggle" aria-controls="tools-menu" aria-expanded="false">Tools</button><ul id="tools-menu" class="submenu tools hidden inline-submenu-lg" aria-labelledby="tools-button"><li class=" "><a href="/zh-CN/play" class="submenu-item "><div class="submenu-icon"></div><div class="submenu-content-container"><div class="submenu-item-heading">Playground</div><p class="submenu-item-description">Write, test and share your code</p></div></a></li><li class=" "><a href="/en-US/observatory" class="submenu-item "><div class="submenu-icon"></div><div class="submenu-content-container"><div class="submenu-item-heading">HTTP Observatory</div><p class="submenu-item-description">Scan a website for free</p></div></a></li><li class=" "><a href="/en-US/plus/ai-help" class="submenu-item "><div class="submenu-icon"></div><div class="submenu-content-container"><div class="submenu-item-heading">AI Help</div><p class="submenu-item-description">Get real-time assistance and support</p></div></a></li></ul></li></ul></nav><div class="header-search"><form action="/zh-CN/search" class="search-form search-widget" id="top-nav-search-form" role="search"><label id="top-nav-search-label" for="top-nav-search-input" class="visually-hidden">Search MDN</label><input aria-activedescendant="" aria-autocomplete="list" aria-controls="top-nav-search-menu" aria-expanded="false" aria-labelledby="top-nav-search-label" autoComplete="off" id="top-nav-search-input" role="combobox" type="search" class="search-input-field" name="q" placeholder=" " required="" value=""/><button type="button" class="button action has-icon clear-search-button"><span class="button-wrap"><span class="icon icon-cancel "></span><span class="visually-hidden">Clear search input</span></span></button><button type="submit" class="button action has-icon search-button"><span class="button-wrap"><span class="icon icon-search "></span><span class="visually-hidden">Search</span></span></button><div id="top-nav-search-menu" role="listbox" aria-labelledby="top-nav-search-label"></div></form></div><div class="theme-switcher-menu"><button type="button" class="button action has-icon theme-switcher-menu small" aria-haspopup="menu"><span class="button-wrap"><span class="icon icon-theme-os-default "></span>Theme</span></button></div><ul class="auth-container"><li><a href="/users/fxa/login/authenticate/?next=%2Fzh-CN%2Fdocs%2FLearn%2FTools_and_testing%2FClient-side_JavaScript_frameworks%2FReact_todo_list_beginning" class="login-link" rel="nofollow">Log in</a></li><li><a href="/users/fxa/login/authenticate/?next=%2Fzh-CN%2Fdocs%2FLearn%2FTools_and_testing%2FClient-side_JavaScript_frameworks%2FReact_todo_list_beginning" target="_self" rel="nofollow" class="button primary mdn-plus-subscribe-link"><span class="button-wrap">Sign up for free</span></a></li></ul></div></div></header><div class="article-actions-container"><div class="container"><button type="button" class="button action has-icon sidebar-button" aria-label="Expand sidebar" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="sidebar-quicklinks"><span class="button-wrap"><span class="icon icon-sidebar "></span></span></button><nav class="breadcrumbs-container" aria-label="Breadcrumb"><ol typeof="BreadcrumbList" vocab="https://schema.org/" aria-label="breadcrumbs"><li property="itemListElement" typeof="ListItem"><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn" class="breadcrumb" property="item" typeof="WebPage"><span property="name">学习 Web 开发</span></a><meta property="position" content="1"/></li><li property="itemListElement" typeof="ListItem"><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing" class="breadcrumb" property="item" typeof="WebPage"><span property="name">工具和测试</span></a><meta property="position" content="2"/></li><li property="itemListElement" typeof="ListItem"><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks" class="breadcrumb" property="item" typeof="WebPage"><span property="name">理解客户端 JavaScript 框架</span></a><meta property="position" content="3"/></li><li property="itemListElement" typeof="ListItem"><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/React_todo_list_beginning" class="breadcrumb-current-page" property="item" typeof="WebPage"><span property="name">开始我们的 React 待办清单</span></a><meta property="position" content="4"/></li></ol></nav><div class="article-actions"><button type="button" class="button action has-icon article-actions-toggle" aria-label="Article actions"><span class="button-wrap"><span class="icon icon-ellipses "></span><span class="article-actions-dialog-heading">Article Actions</span></span></button><ul class="article-actions-entries"><li class="article-actions-entry"><div class="languages-switcher-menu open-on-focus-within"><button id="languages-switcher-button" type="button" class="button action small has-icon languages-switcher-menu" aria-haspopup="menu"><span class="button-wrap"><span class="icon icon-language "></span>中文 (简体)</span></button><div class="hidden"><ul class="submenu language-menu " aria-labelledby="language-menu-button"><li class=" "><form class="submenu-item locale-redirect-setting"><div class="group"><label class="switch"><input type="checkbox" name="locale-redirect"/><span class="slider"></span><span class="label">Remember language</span></label><a href="https://github.com/orgs/mdn/discussions/739" rel="external noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" title="Enable this setting to automatically switch to this language when it's available. (Click to learn more.)"><span class="icon icon-question-mark "></span></a></div></form></li><li class=" "><a data-locale="de" href="/de/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/React_todo_list_beginning" class="button submenu-item"><span>Deutsch</span><span title="Diese Übersetzung ist Teil eines Experiments."><span class="icon icon-experimental "></span></span></a></li><li class=" "><a data-locale="en-US" href="/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/React_todo_list_beginning" class="button submenu-item"><span>English (US)</span></a></li><li class=" "><a data-locale="fr" href="/fr/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/React_todo_list_beginning" class="button submenu-item"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class=" "><a data-locale="ja" href="/ja/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/React_todo_list_beginning" class="button submenu-item"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class=" "><a data-locale="ko" href="/ko/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/React_todo_list_beginning" class="button submenu-item"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class=" "><a data-locale="zh-TW" href="/zh-TW/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/React_todo_list_beginning" class="button submenu-item"><span>正體中文 (繁體)</span></a></li></ul></div></div></li></ul></div></div></div></div><div class="container"><div class="notecard localized-content-note"><p><a href="/zh-CN/docs/MDN/Community/Contributing/Translated_content#活跃语言">此页面由社区从英文翻译而来。了解更多并加入 MDN Web Docs 社区。</a></p></div></div><div class="main-wrapper"><div class="sidebar-container"><aside id="sidebar-quicklinks" class="sidebar" data-macro="LearnSidebar"><button type="button" class="button action backdrop" aria-label="Collapse sidebar"><span class="button-wrap"></span></button><nav aria-label="Related Topics" class="sidebar-inner"><header class="sidebar-actions"><section class="sidebar-filter-container"><div class="sidebar-filter "><label id="sidebar-filter-label" class="sidebar-filter-label" for="sidebar-filter-input"><span class="icon icon-filter"></span><span class="visually-hidden">Filter sidebar</span></label><input id="sidebar-filter-input" autoComplete="off" class="sidebar-filter-input-field false" type="text" placeholder="Filter" value=""/><button type="button" class="button action has-icon clear-sidebar-filter-button"><span class="button-wrap"><span class="icon icon-cancel "></span><span class="visually-hidden">Clear filter input</span></span></button></div></section></header><div class="sidebar-inner-nav"><div class="in-nav-toc"><div class="document-toc-container"><section class="document-toc"><header><h2 class="document-toc-heading">在本文中</h2></header><ul class="document-toc-list"><li class="document-toc-item "><a class="document-toc-link" href="#用户故事">用户故事</a></li><li class="document-toc-item "><a class="document-toc-link" href="#开始前的清理">开始前的清理</a></li><li class="document-toc-item "><a class="document-toc-link" href="#项目启动代码">项目启动代码</a></li><li class="document-toc-item "><a class="document-toc-link" href="#总结">总结</a></li></ul></section></div></div><div class="sidebar-body"><ol><li class="section"><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Getting_started_with_the_web">新手请从这开始！</a></li><li><details><summary>Web 入门</summary><ol><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Getting_started_with_the_web">Web 入门</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Getting_started_with_the_web/Installing_basic_software">安装基础软件</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Getting_started_with_the_web/What_will_your_website_look_like">你的网站会是什么样子？</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Getting_started_with_the_web/Dealing_with_files">处理文件</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Getting_started_with_the_web/HTML_basics">HTML 基础</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Getting_started_with_the_web/CSS_basics">CSS 基础</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Getting_started_with_the_web/JavaScript_basics">JavaScript 基础</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Getting_started_with_the_web/Publishing_your_website">发布你的网站</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Getting_started_with_the_web/How_the_Web_works">万维网是如何工作的</a></li></ol></details></li><li class="section"><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/HTML">HTML——构建 Web</a></li><li><details><summary>HTML 介绍</summary><ol><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/HTML/Introduction_to_HTML">HTML 简介</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/HTML/Introduction_to_HTML/Getting_started">开始学习 HTML</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/HTML/Introduction_to_HTML/The_head_metadata_in_HTML">“头”里有什么——HTML 元信息</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/HTML/Introduction_to_HTML/HTML_text_fundamentals">HTML 文本处理基础</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/HTML/Introduction_to_HTML/Creating_hyperlinks">创建超链接</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/HTML/Introduction_to_HTML/Advanced_text_formatting">文本格式进阶</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/HTML/Introduction_to_HTML/Document_and_website_structure">文档与网站架构</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/HTML/Introduction_to_HTML/Debugging_HTML">HTML 调试</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/HTML/Introduction_to_HTML/Marking_up_a_letter">标记信件</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/HTML/Introduction_to_HTML/Structuring_a_page_of_content">构建网页内容</a></li></ol></details></li><li><details><summary>多媒体与嵌入</summary><ol><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/HTML/Multimedia_and_embedding">多媒体与嵌入</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/HTML/Multimedia_and_embedding/Images_in_HTML">HTML 中的图片</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/HTML/Multimedia_and_embedding/Video_and_audio_content">视频和音频内容</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/HTML/Multimedia_and_embedding/Other_embedding_technologies">从 object 到 iframe——其他嵌入技术</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/HTML/Multimedia_and_embedding/Adding_vector_graphics_to_the_Web">向 web 中添加矢量图形</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/HTML/Multimedia_and_embedding/Responsive_images">响应式图片</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/HTML/Multimedia_and_embedding/Mozilla_splash_page">Mozilla 欢迎页面</a></li></ol></details></li><li><details><summary>HTML 表格</summary><ol><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/HTML/Tables">HTML 表格</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/HTML/Tables/Basics">HTML 表格基础</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/HTML/Tables/Advanced">HTML 表格进阶特性和无障碍</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/HTML/Tables/Structuring_planet_data">作业：构建行星数据</a></li></ol></details></li><li class="section"><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/CSS">CSS——设计 Web</a></li><li><details><summary>CSS 第一步</summary><ol><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/CSS/First_steps">CSS 入门概述</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/CSS/First_steps/What_is_CSS">什么是 CSS?</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/CSS/First_steps/Getting_started">让我们开始 CSS 的学习之旅</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/CSS/First_steps/How_CSS_is_structured">CSS 的组成</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/CSS/First_steps/How_CSS_works">CSS 如何运行</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/CSS/First_steps/Styling_a_biography_page">运用你的新知识</a></li></ol></details></li><li><details><summary>CSS 基础</summary><ol><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/CSS/Building_blocks">CSS 构建</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/CSS/Building_blocks/Selectors">CSS 选择器</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/CSS/Building_blocks/Selectors/Type_Class_and_ID_Selectors">类型、类和 ID 选择器</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/CSS/Building_blocks/Selectors/Attribute_selectors">属性选择器</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/CSS/Building_blocks/Selectors/Pseudo-classes_and_pseudo-elements">伪类和伪元素</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/CSS/Building_blocks/Selectors/Combinators">关系选择器</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/CSS/Building_blocks/Cascade_and_inheritance">层叠、优先级与继承</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/CSS/Building_blocks/Cascade_layers">层叠层</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/CSS/Building_blocks/The_box_model">盒模型</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/CSS/Building_blocks/Backgrounds_and_borders">背景与边框</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/CSS/Building_blocks/Handling_different_text_directions">处理不同方向的文本</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/CSS/Building_blocks/Overflowing_content">溢出的内容</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/CSS/Building_blocks/Values_and_units">CSS 值和单位</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/CSS/Building_blocks/Sizing_items_in_CSS">在 CSS 中调整大小</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/CSS/Building_blocks/Images_media_form_elements">图像、媒体和表单元素</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/CSS/Building_blocks/Styling_tables">样式化表格</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/CSS/Building_blocks/Advanced_styling_effects">高级区块效果</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/CSS/Building_blocks/Debugging_CSS">调试 CSS</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/CSS/Building_blocks/Organizing">组织 CSS</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/CSS/Building_blocks/Fundamental_CSS_comprehension">基本的 CSS 理解</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/CSS/Building_blocks/Creating_fancy_letterheaded_paper">创建精美的信纸</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/CSS/Building_blocks/A_cool_looking_box">一个漂亮的盒子</a></li></ol></details></li><li><details><summary>样式化文本</summary><ol><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/CSS/Styling_text">为文本添加样式（样式化文本）</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/CSS/Styling_text/Fundamentals">基本文本和字体样式</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/CSS/Styling_text/Styling_lists">为列表添加样式</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/CSS/Styling_text/Styling_links">样式化链接</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/CSS/Styling_text/Web_fonts">Web 字体</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/CSS/Styling_text/Typesetting_a_homepage">作业：排版社区大学首页</a></li></ol></details></li><li><details><summary>CSS 排版</summary><ol><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/CSS/CSS_layout">CSS 布局</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/CSS/CSS_layout/Introduction">介绍 CSS 布局</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/CSS/CSS_layout/Normal_Flow">常规流布局</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/CSS/CSS_layout/Flexbox">弹性盒子</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/CSS/CSS_layout/Grids">网格</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/CSS/CSS_layout/Floats">浮动</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/CSS/CSS_layout/Positioning">定位</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/CSS/CSS_layout/Multiple-column_Layout">多列布局</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/CSS/CSS_layout/Responsive_Design">响应式设计</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/CSS/CSS_layout/Media_queries">媒体查询入门指南</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/CSS/CSS_layout/Legacy_Layout_Methods">传统的布局方法</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/CSS/CSS_layout/Supporting_Older_Browsers">支持旧浏览器</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/CSS/CSS_layout/Fundamental_Layout_Comprehension">作业：基本布局理解</a></li></ol></details></li><li class="section"><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/JavaScript">JavaScript——用户端动态脚本</a></li><li><details><summary>JavaScript 第一步</summary><ol><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/JavaScript/First_steps">JavaScript 第一步</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/JavaScript/First_steps/What_is_JavaScript">什么是 JavaScript？</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/JavaScript/First_steps/A_first_splash">JavaScript 初体验</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/JavaScript/First_steps/What_went_wrong">查找并解决 JavaScript 代码的错误</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/JavaScript/First_steps/Variables">如何存储你需要的信息——变量</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/JavaScript/First_steps/Math">JavaScript 中的基础数学 — 数字和操作符</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/JavaScript/First_steps/Strings">文本处理——JavaScript 中的字符串</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/JavaScript/First_steps/Useful_string_methods">有用的字符串方法</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/JavaScript/First_steps/Arrays">数组</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/JavaScript/First_steps/Silly_story_generator">笑话生成器</a></li></ol></details></li><li><details><summary>JavaScript 基础</summary><ol><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/JavaScript/Building_blocks">创建 JavaScript 代码块</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/JavaScript/Building_blocks/conditionals">在代码中做决定——条件语句</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/JavaScript/Building_blocks/Looping_code">循环吧，代码</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/JavaScript/Building_blocks/Functions">函数——可复用的代码块</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/JavaScript/Building_blocks/Build_your_own_function">创建你自己的函数</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/JavaScript/Building_blocks/Return_values">函数返回值</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/JavaScript/Building_blocks/Events">事件介绍</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/JavaScript/Building_blocks/Event_bubbling">事件冒泡</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/JavaScript/Building_blocks/Image_gallery">图片库</a></li></ol></details></li><li><details><summary>JavaScript 对象介绍</summary><ol><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/JavaScript/Objects">JavaScript 对象入门</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/JavaScript/Objects/Basics">JavaScript 对象基础</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/JavaScript/Objects/Object_prototypes">对象原型</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/JavaScript/Objects/Object-oriented_programming">面向对象编程基本概念</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/JavaScript/Objects/Classes_in_JavaScript">JavaScript 中的类</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/JavaScript/Objects/JSON">使用 JSON</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/JavaScript/Objects/Object_building_practice">实践对象构造</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/JavaScript/Objects/Adding_bouncing_balls_features">为“弹球”示例添加新功能</a></li></ol></details></li><li><details><summary>异步 JavaScript</summary><ol><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/JavaScript/Asynchronous">异步 JavaScript</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/JavaScript/Asynchronous/Introducing">异步 JavaScript 简介</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/JavaScript/Asynchronous/Promises">如何使用 Promise</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/JavaScript/Asynchronous/Implementing_a_promise-based_API">如何实现基于 Promise 的 API</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/JavaScript/Asynchronous/Introducing_workers">workers 简介</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/JavaScript/Asynchronous/Sequencing_animations">序列动画</a></li></ol></details></li><li><details><summary>客户端 Web API</summary><ol><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/JavaScript/Client-side_web_APIs">客户端 Web API</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/JavaScript/Client-side_web_APIs/Introduction">Web API 简介</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/JavaScript/Client-side_web_APIs/Manipulating_documents">操作文档</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/JavaScript/Client-side_web_APIs/Fetching_data">从服务器获取数据</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/JavaScript/Client-side_web_APIs/Third_party_APIs">第三方 API</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/JavaScript/Client-side_web_APIs/Drawing_graphics">绘图</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/JavaScript/Client-side_web_APIs/Video_and_audio_APIs">视频和音频 API</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/JavaScript/Client-side_web_APIs/Client-side_storage">客户端存储</a></li></ol></details></li><li class="section"><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Forms">Web 表单——与用户数据打交道</a></li><li><details><summary>Web 表单核心</summary><ol><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Forms">Web 表单构建块</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Forms/Your_first_form">创建我的第一个表单</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Forms/How_to_structure_a_web_form">如何构建 HTML 表单</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Forms/Basic_native_form_controls">原生表单部件</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Forms/HTML5_input_types">HTML5 的输入（input）类型</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Forms/Other_form_controls">其他表单控件</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Forms/Styling_web_forms">样式化 Web 表单</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Forms/Advanced_form_styling">表单样式化进阶</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Forms/UI_pseudo-classes">UI 伪类</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Forms/Form_validation">表单数据校验</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Forms/Sending_and_retrieving_form_data">发送表单数据</a></li></ol></details></li><li><details><summary>Web 表单进阶</summary><ol><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Forms/How_to_build_custom_form_controls">如何构建自定义表单控件</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Forms/Sending_forms_through_JavaScript">使用 JavaScript 发送表单</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Forms/Property_compatibility_table_for_form_controls">表单控件兼容性列表</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Forms/HTML_forms_in_legacy_browsers">旧式浏览器中的 HTML 表单</a></li></ol></details></li><li class="section"><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Accessibility">无障碍——使每个人都能使用 Web</a></li><li><details><summary>无障碍指南</summary><ol><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Accessibility">无障碍</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Accessibility/What_is_accessibility">什么是无障碍？</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Accessibility/HTML">HTML：无障碍的良好基础</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Accessibility/CSS_and_JavaScript">CSS 和 JavaScript 无障碍最佳实践</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Accessibility/WAI-ARIA_basics">WAI-ARIA 基础</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Accessibility/Multimedia">多媒体无障碍</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Accessibility/Mobile">移动端无障碍</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Accessibility/Accessibility_troubleshooting">测验：无障碍疑难解答</a></li></ol></details></li><li class="section"><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Performance">性能——使网站快速响应</a></li><li><details><summary>性能指南</summary><ol><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Performance">Web 性能</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Performance/why_web_performance">Web 性能的重要性</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Performance/What_is_web_performance">什么是 web 性能？</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Performance/Perceived_performance">感知性能</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Performance/Measuring_performance">测量性能</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Performance/Multimedia">多媒体：图片</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Performance/video">多媒体：视频</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Performance/JavaScript">JavaScript 性能优化</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Performance/HTML">HTML 性能优化</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Performance/CSS">CSS 性能优化</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Performance/business_case_for_performance">web 性能的商业案例</a></li></ol></details></li><li class="section"><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/MathML">MathML——使用 MathML 语言撰写数学表达式</a></li><li><details><summary>MathML 第一步</summary><ol><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/MathML/First_steps">MathML 入门概述</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/MathML/First_steps/Getting_started">MathML 使用入门</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/MathML/First_steps/Text_containers">MathML 文本容器</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/MathML/First_steps/Fractions_and_roots">MathML 分数和根号</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/MathML/First_steps/Scripts">MathML 附加符号</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/MathML/First_steps/Tables">MathML 表格</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/MathML/First_steps/Three_famous_mathematical_formulas">三个著名的数学公式</a></li></ol></details></li><li class="section"><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/../Games">游戏——开发 Web 游戏</a></li><li><details><summary>指南和基础教程</summary><ol><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Games/Introduction">Web 游戏开发简介</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Games/Techniques">游戏开发技术</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Games/Tutorials">教程</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Games/Publishing_games">发布游戏</a></li></ol></details></li><li class="section"><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing">工具与测试</a></li><li><details><summary>客户端 web 开发工具</summary><ol><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Understanding_client-side_tools">理解客户端 web 开发工具</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Understanding_client-side_tools/Overview">客户端工具概述</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Understanding_client-side_tools/Command_line">命令行速成课</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Understanding_client-side_tools/Package_management">软件包管理基础</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Understanding_client-side_tools/Introducing_complete_toolchain">介绍完整的工具链</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Understanding_client-side_tools/Deployment">部署我们的应用</a></li></ol></details></li><li><details><summary>客户端框架介绍</summary><ol><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/Introduction">客户端框架介绍</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/Main_features">框架的主要特性</a></li></ol></details></li><li><details open=""><summary>React</summary><ol><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/React_getting_started">React 入门</a></li><li><em><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/React_todo_list_beginning" aria-current="page">开始我们的 React 待办清单</a></em></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/React_components">组件化我们的 React App</a></li><li><a class="only-in-en-us" title="此页面目前仅提供英文版本" href="/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/React_interactivity_events_state">React interactivity: Events and state</a></li><li><a class="only-in-en-us" title="此页面目前仅提供英文版本" href="/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/React_interactivity_filtering_conditional_rendering">React interactivity: Editing, filtering, conditional rendering</a></li><li><a class="only-in-en-us" title="此页面目前仅提供英文版本" href="/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/React_accessibility">Accessibility in React</a></li><li><a class="only-in-en-us" title="此页面目前仅提供英文版本" href="/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/React_resources">React resources</a></li></ol></details></li><li><details><summary>Ember</summary><ol><li><a class="only-in-en-us" title="此页面目前仅提供英文版本" href="/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/Ember_getting_started">Getting started with Ember</a></li><li><a class="only-in-en-us" title="此页面目前仅提供英文版本" href="/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/Ember_structure_componentization">Ember app structure and componentization</a></li><li><a class="only-in-en-us" title="此页面目前仅提供英文版本" href="/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/Ember_interactivity_events_state">Ember interactivity: Events, classes and state</a></li><li><a class="only-in-en-us" title="此页面目前仅提供英文版本" href="/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/Ember_conditional_footer">Ember Interactivity: Footer functionality, conditional rendering</a></li><li><a class="only-in-en-us" title="此页面目前仅提供英文版本" href="/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/Ember_routing">Routing in Ember</a></li><li><a class="only-in-en-us" title="此页面目前仅提供英文版本" href="/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/Ember_resources">Ember resources and troubleshooting</a></li></ol></details></li><li><details><summary>Vue</summary><ol><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/Vue_getting_started">开始使用 Vue</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/Vue_first_component">创建第一个 Vue 组件</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/Vue_rendering_lists">渲染 Vue 组件列表</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/Vue_methods_events_models">使用 Vue event、method 和 model 添加一个新的 todo 表单</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/Vue_styling">使用 CSS 为 Vue 组件添加样式</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/Vue_computed_properties">Vue 中的计算属性</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/Vue_conditional_rendering">Vue 中的条件渲染：编辑现有的待办事项</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/Vue_refs_focus_management">使用 Vue 模板引用进行焦点管理</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/Vue_resources">Vue 资源</a></li></ol></details></li><li><details><summary>Svelte</summary><ol><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/Svelte_getting_started">Svelte 入门</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/Svelte_Todo_list_beginning">开始编写我们的 Svelte 待办事项列表应用程序</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/Svelte_variables_props">Svelte 中的动态行为：变量和属性</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/Svelte_components">将我们的 Svelte 应用组件化</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/Svelte_reactivity_lifecycle_accessibility">Svelte 进阶：响应式、生命周期以及无障碍</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/Svelte_stores">使用 Svelte store</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/Svelte_TypeScript">Svelte 对 TypeScript 的支持</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/Svelte_deployment_next">部署以及下一步</a></li></ol></details></li><li><details><summary>Angular</summary><ol><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/Angular_getting_started">Angular 入门</a></li><li><a class="only-in-en-us" title="此页面目前仅提供英文版本" href="/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/Angular_todo_list_beginning">Beginning our Angular todo list app</a></li><li><a class="only-in-en-us" title="此页面目前仅提供英文版本" href="/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/Angular_styling">Styling our Angular app</a></li><li><a class="only-in-en-us" title="此页面目前仅提供英文版本" href="/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/Angular_item_component">Creating an item component</a></li><li><a class="only-in-en-us" title="此页面目前仅提供英文版本" href="/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/Angular_filtering">Filtering our to-do items</a></li><li><a class="only-in-en-us" title="此页面目前仅提供英文版本" href="/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/Angular_building">Building Angular applications and further resources</a></li></ol></details></li><li><details><summary>Git 和 GitHub</summary><ol><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/GitHub">Git 和 GitHub</a></li></ol></details></li><li><details><summary>跨浏览器测试</summary><ol><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Cross_browser_testing">跨浏览器测试</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Cross_browser_testing/Introduction">跨浏览器测试介绍</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Cross_browser_testing/Testing_strategies">测试的策略</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Cross_browser_testing/HTML_and_CSS">处理常见的 HTML 和 CSS 问题</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Cross_browser_testing/JavaScript">处理常见的 JavaScript 问题</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Cross_browser_testing/Accessibility">解决常见的无障碍问题</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Cross_browser_testing/Feature_detection">实现特性检测</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Cross_browser_testing/Automated_testing">自动化测试简介</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Cross_browser_testing/Your_own_automation_environment">搭建自己的自动化测试环境</a></li></ol></details></li><li class="section"><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Server-side">服务端网页编程</a></li><li><details><summary>第一步</summary><ol><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Server-side/First_steps">服务端网站编程的第一步</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Server-side/First_steps/Introduction">服务端编程介绍</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Server-side/First_steps/Client-Server_overview">客户端服务端交互概述</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Server-side/First_steps/Web_frameworks">服务端 web 框架</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Server-side/First_steps/Website_security">站点安全</a></li></ol></details></li><li><details><summary>Django Web 框架（Python）</summary><ol><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Server-side/Django">Django Web 框架 (python)</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Server-side/Django/Introduction">Django 介绍</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Server-side/Django/development_environment">设置 Django 开发环境</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Server-side/Django/Tutorial_local_library_website">Django Tutorial: The Local Library website</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Server-side/Django/skeleton_website">Django Tutorial Part 2: 创建网站的地基</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Server-side/Django/Models">Django Tutorial Part 3: 使用模型</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Server-side/Django/Admin_site">Django Tutorial Part 4: Django 管理员站点</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Server-side/Django/Home_page">Django 教程 5：主页构建</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Server-side/Django/Generic_views">Django 教程 6: 通用列表和详细信息视图</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Server-side/Django/Sessions">Django 教程 7: 会话框架</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Server-side/Django/Authentication">Django 教程 8：用户授权与许可</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Server-side/Django/Forms">Django 教程 9: 使用表单</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Server-side/Django/Testing">Django 教程 10: 测试 Django 网页应用</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Server-side/Django/Deployment">Django 教程 11：部署 Django 到生产环境</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Server-side/Django/web_application_security">Django Web 应用安全</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Server-side/Django/django_assessment_blog">评估：DIY Django 微博客</a></li></ol></details></li><li><details><summary>Express Web 框架（Node.js/JavaScript）</summary><ol><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Server-side/Express_Nodejs">Express Web 框架（Node.js/JavaScript）</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Server-side/Express_Nodejs/Introduction">Express/Node 入门</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Server-side/Express_Nodejs/development_environment">设置 Node 开发环境</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Server-side/Express_Nodejs/Tutorial_local_library_website">Express 教程：本地图书馆网站</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Server-side/Express_Nodejs/skeleton_website">Express 教程 2：创建站点框架</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Server-side/Express_Nodejs/mongoose">Express 教程 3：使用数据库 (Mongoose)</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Server-side/Express_Nodejs/routes">Express 教程 4：路由和控制器</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Server-side/Express_Nodejs/Displaying_data">Express 教程 5: 呈现图书馆数据</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Server-side/Express_Nodejs/forms">Express 教程 6: 使用表单</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Server-side/Express_Nodejs/deployment">Express 教程 7: 部署到生产环境</a></li></ol></details></li><li class="section"><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Common_questions">更多资源</a></li><li><details><summary>常见问题</summary><ol><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Common_questions">常见问题</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/HTML/Howto">使用 HTML 解决常见问题</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/CSS/Howto">解决常见的 CSS 问题</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/JavaScript/Howto">解决 JavaSctript 代码的常见问题</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Common_questions/Web_mechanics">Web 机制</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Common_questions/Tools_and_setup">工具和安装</a></li><li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Common_questions/Design_and_accessibility">设计与无障碍</a></li></ol></details></li></ol></div></div><section class="place side"></section></nav></aside><div class="toc-container"><aside class="toc"><nav><div class="document-toc-container"><section class="document-toc"><header><h2 class="document-toc-heading">在本文中</h2></header><ul class="document-toc-list"><li class="document-toc-item "><a class="document-toc-link" href="#用户故事">用户故事</a></li><li class="document-toc-item "><a class="document-toc-link" href="#开始前的清理">开始前的清理</a></li><li class="document-toc-item "><a class="document-toc-link" href="#项目启动代码">项目启动代码</a></li><li class="document-toc-item "><a class="document-toc-link" href="#总结">总结</a></li></ul></section></div></nav></aside><section class="place side"></section></div></div><main id="content" class="main-content "><article class="main-page-content" lang="zh-CN"><header><h1>开始我们的 React 待办清单</h1></header><div class="section-content"><ul class="prev-next"> <li><a class="button secondary" href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/React_getting_started"><span class="button-wrap"> 上一页 </span></a></li> <li><a class="button secondary" href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks"><span class="button-wrap"> 概述：理解客户端 JavaScript 框架</span></a></li> <li><a class="button secondary" href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/React_components"><span class="button-wrap"> 下一页 </span></a></li> </ul> <p>假设我们的任务是在 React 中创建一个概念验证——一个允许用户添加、编辑和删除他们想做的任务的应用程序，并且在不删除任务的情况下将其标记为完成。这篇文章将引导你完成基本的 <code>App</code> 组件结构和样式，为以后添加的单个组件定义和交互性做好准备。</p> <div class="notecard note"> <p><strong>备注：</strong>如果你需要对照我们的版本检查你的代码，你可以在我们的 <a href="https://github.com/mdn/todo-react" class="external" target="_blank">todo-react 仓库</a> 中找到一个完成版本的 React 应用代码。关于运行中的实时版本，参见 <a href="https://mdn.github.io/todo-react-build/" class="external" target="_blank">https://mdn.github.io/todo-react-build/</a>.</p> </div> <figure class="table-container"><table> <tbody> <tr> <th scope="row">条件：</th> <td> <p> 熟悉核心 <a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/HTML">HTML</a>、<a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/CSS">CSS</a> 和 <a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/JavaScript">JavaScript</a> 语言，了解<a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Understanding_client-side_tools/Command_line">终端/命令行</a>。 </p> </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row">目标：</th> <td>介绍我们待办清单的案例，并获得基本的 <code>App</code> 结构和样式。</td> </tr> </tbody> </table></figure></div><section aria-labelledby="用户故事"><h2 id="用户故事"><a href="#用户故事">用户故事</a></h2><div class="section-content"><p>在软件开发中，用户故事是从用户的角度出发的一个可操作的目标。在我们开始工作之前，定义用户故事将帮助我们集中精力开展工作。我们的应用程序应该满足以下的故事：</p> <p>作为一名用户，我可以</p> <ul> <li>读取任务清单。</li> <li>使用鼠标或键盘，添加一个任务。</li> <li>使用鼠标或键盘，将任何任务标记为已完成。</li> <li>使用鼠标或键盘，删除任何任务。</li> <li>使用鼠标或键盘，编辑任何任务。</li> <li>查看一个特定的任务子集：所有的任务、仅活动中的任务，或只有已完成的任务。</li> </ul> <p>我们将逐一处理这些故事。</p></div></section><section aria-labelledby="开始前的清理"><h2 id="开始前的清理"><a href="#开始前的清理">开始前的清理</a></h2><div class="section-content"><p>create-react-app 添加了一些我们在项目中完全不会用到的文件。</p> <ul> <li>我们不打算写每个组件的样式表，所以首先从 <code>App.js</code> 的顶部删除 <code>App.css</code> 的导入。</li> <li>我们也不打算使用 <code>logo.svg</code> 文件，所以也要删除这个导入。</li> </ul> <p>然后，复制并粘贴以下命令到你的终端，删除一些不需要的文件。确保你是在应用程序的根目录下开始的！</p> <div class="code-example"><div class="example-header"><span class="language-name">bash</span></div><pre class="brush: bash notranslate"><code># Move into the src directory of your project cd src # Delete a few files rm -- App.test.js App.css logo.svg serviceWorker.js setupTests.js # Move back up to the root of the project cd .. </code></pre></div> <p>注意：</p> <ul> <li>我们要删除的两个文件是用来测试应用程序的。我们在这里不涉及测试。</li> <li>如果你停止了你的服务器来做上面提到的终端任务，你必须用 <code>npm start</code> 再次启动它。</li> </ul></div></section><section aria-labelledby="项目启动代码"><h2 id="项目启动代码"><a href="#项目启动代码">项目启动代码</a></h2><div class="section-content"><p>作为这个项目的起点，我们将提供两样东西。一个 <code>App()</code> 函数来代替你现在的函数，还有一些 CSS 来改变你的应用程序的样式。</p></div></section><section aria-labelledby="jsx"><h3 id="jsx"><a href="#jsx">JSX</a></h3><div class="section-content"><p>复制以下片段到你的剪贴板，然后粘贴到 <code>App.js</code> 中，使其取代现有的 <code>App()</code> 函数：</p> <div class="code-example"><div class="example-header"><span class="language-name">js</span></div><pre class="brush: js notranslate"><code>function App(props) { return ( <div className="todoapp stack-large"> <h1>TodoMatic</h1> <form> <h2 className="label-wrapper"> <label htmlFor="new-todo-input" className="label__lg"> What needs to be done? </label> </h2> <input type="text" id="new-todo-input" className="input input__lg" name="text" autoComplete="off" /> <button type="submit" className="btn btn__primary btn__lg"> Add </button> </form> <div className="filters btn-group stack-exception"> <button type="button" className="btn toggle-btn" aria-pressed="true"> <span className="visually-hidden">Show </span> <span>all</span> <span className="visually-hidden"> tasks</span> </button> <button type="button" className="btn toggle-btn" aria-pressed="false"> <span className="visually-hidden">Show </span> <span>Active</span> <span className="visually-hidden"> tasks</span> </button> <button type="button" className="btn toggle-btn" aria-pressed="false"> <span className="visually-hidden">Show </span> <span>Completed</span> <span className="visually-hidden"> tasks</span> </button> </div> <h2 id="list-heading">3 tasks remaining</h2> <ul role="list" className="todo-list stack-large stack-exception" aria-labelledby="list-heading"> <li className="todo stack-small"> <div className="c-cb"> <input id="todo-0" type="checkbox" defaultChecked={true} /> <label className="todo-label" htmlFor="todo-0"> Eat </label> </div> <div className="btn-group"> <button type="button" className="btn"> Edit <span className="visually-hidden">Eat</span> </button> <button type="button" className="btn btn__danger"> Delete <span className="visually-hidden">Eat</span> </button> </div> </li> <li className="todo stack-small"> <div className="c-cb"> <input id="todo-1" type="checkbox" /> <label className="todo-label" htmlFor="todo-1"> Sleep </label> </div> <div className="btn-group"> <button type="button" className="btn"> Edit <span className="visually-hidden">Sleep</span> </button> <button type="button" className="btn btn__danger"> Delete <span className="visually-hidden">Sleep</span> </button> </div> </li> <li className="todo stack-small"> <div className="c-cb"> <input id="todo-2" type="checkbox" /> <label className="todo-label" htmlFor="todo-2"> Repeat </label> </div> <div className="btn-group"> <button type="button" className="btn"> Edit <span className="visually-hidden">Repeat</span> </button> <button type="button" className="btn btn__danger"> Delete <span className="visually-hidden">Repeat</span> </button> </div> </li> </ul> </div> ); } </code></pre></div> <p>现在打开 <code>public/index.html</code>，把 <a href="/zh-CN/docs/Web/HTML/Element/title"><code><title></code></a> 元素的文本改为 <code>TodoMatic</code> 。这样，它将与我们应用程序顶部的 <a href="/zh-CN/docs/Web/HTML/Element/Heading_Elements"><code><h1></code></a> 相匹配。</p> <div class="code-example"><div class="example-header"><span class="language-name">html</span></div><pre class="brush: html notranslate"><code><title>TodoMatic</title> </code></pre></div> <p>当你刷新浏览器时，你应该看到类似这样的东西：</p> <p> <img src="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/React_todo_list_beginning/unstyled-app.png" alt="todo-matic app, unstyled, showing a jumbled mess of labels, inputs, and buttons" width="838" height="743" loading="lazy"> </p> <p>它很难看，而且还没有功能，但这没关系——我们一会儿就会为它设计样式。首先，考虑一下我们的 JSX，以及它是如何与我们的用户故事相对应的。</p> <ul> <li>我们有一个 <a href="/zh-CN/docs/Web/HTML/Element/form"><code><form></code></a> 元素，有一个 <a href="/zh-CN/docs/Web/HTML/Element/input/text"><code><input type="text"></code></a> 用于写出一个新任务，还有一个按钮用于提交表单。</li> <li>我们有一组按钮，用于筛选我们的任务。</li> <li>我们有一个标题，用于告诉我们还有多少任务。</li> <li>我们有三个任务，安排在一个无序的列表中。每项任务都是一个列表项（<a href="/zh-CN/docs/Web/HTML/Element/li"><code><li></code></a>），有编辑和删除的按钮，还有一个复选框可以将其勾选为完成。</li> </ul> <p>这些表格将允许我们<em>添加</em>任务；按钮让我们可以对任务进行<em>筛选</em>；我们通过标题和列表<em>查看</em>任务。用于<em>编辑</em>任务的 UI 目前很缺乏。这没关系——我们以后再写。</p></div></section><section aria-labelledby="无障碍功能"><h3 id="无障碍功能"><a href="#无障碍功能">无障碍功能</a></h3><div class="section-content"><p>你可能会注意到这里有一些不寻常的属性。比如说：</p> <div class="code-example"><div class="example-header"><span class="language-name">html</span></div><pre class="brush: html notranslate"><code><button type="button" className="btn toggle-btn" aria-pressed="true"> <span className="visually-hidden">Show </span> <span>all</span> <span className="visually-hidden"> tasks</span> </button> </code></pre></div> <p>这里的 <code>aria-pressed</code> 告诉辅助技术（比如屏幕阅读器），该按钮可以有两种状态。<code>按压</code> 或 <code>未按压</code> 。可以把它们看作 <code>开</code> 和 <code>关</code> 。设置为 <code>true</code> 意味着该按钮默认是被按下的。</p> <p><code>visually-hidden</code> 这个类还没有效果，因为我们还没有包含任何 CSS。一旦我们把样式写好，任何带有这个类的元素都会被隐藏起来，视力正常的用户不会看到，而屏幕阅读器用户仍然可以使用——这是因为视力正常的用户不需要这些词；它们的存在是为了给没有额外视觉环境帮助的屏幕阅读器用户提供更多关于这个按钮的信息。</p> <p>再往下，你可以找到我们的 <a href="/zh-CN/docs/Web/HTML/Element/ul"><code><ul></code></a> 元素：</p> <div class="code-example"><div class="example-header"><span class="language-name">html</span></div><pre class="brush: html notranslate"><code><ul role="list" className="todo-list stack-large stack-exception" aria-labelledby="list-heading"></ul> </code></pre></div> <p><code>role</code> 属性帮助辅助技术解释一个标签代表哪种元素。默认情况下，<code><ul></code> 被视为一个列表，但我们即将添加的样式将改变它。添加 <code>role</code> 将恢复 <code>ul</code> 元素的“列表”含义。如果你想了解更多关于为什么要这样做，你可以看看 <a href="https://www.scottohara.me/blog/2019/01/12/lists-and-safari.html" class="external" target="_blank">Scott O'Hara's article, "Fixing Lists"</a>.</p> <p><code>aria-labelledby</code> 属性告诉辅助技术，我们把列表标题当作标签，用来描述它下面的列表的目的。这种关联能让列表包含更多信息，这可以帮助屏幕阅读器用户更好地理解它的目的。</p> <p>最后，我们列表项中的标签和输入有一些 JSX 特有的属性：</p> <div class="code-example"><div class="example-header"><span class="language-name">html</span></div><pre class="brush: html notranslate"><code><input id="todo-0" type="checkbox" defaultChecked="{true}" /> <label className="todo-label" htmlFor="todo-0"> Eat </label> </code></pre></div> <p><code><input /></code> 标签中的 <code>defaultChecked</code> 属性告诉 React 最初要检查这个复选框。如果我们像在普通的 HTML 中那样使用 <code>checked</code>，React 会在浏览器控制台中记录一些与处理复选框事件有关的警告，这是我们不想要的。现在不用太担心这个问题——我们将在以后使用事件的时候讨论这个问题。</p> <p><code>htmlFor</code> 属性对应于 HTML 中使用的 <code>for</code> 属性。因为 <code>for</code> 是一个保留词，我们不能在 JSX 中使用 <code>for</code> 作为属性，所以 React 使用 <code>htmlFor</code> 代替。</p> <p>说明：</p> <ul> <li>要在 JSX 属性中使用布尔值（<code>true</code> 和 <code>false</code>），你必须用大括号把它们括起来。如果你写 <code>defaultChecked="true"</code>，<code>defaultChecked</code> 的值将是 <code>"true"</code>——一个字符串字面。记住——这实际上是 JavaScript，而不是 HTML!</li> <li>在前面的代码片段中使用的 <code>aria-pressed</code> 属性的值是 <code>"true"</code>，因为 <code>aria-pressed</code> 不是像 <code>checked</code> 那样是一个真正的布尔属性。</li> </ul></div></section><section aria-labelledby="实现样式"><h3 id="实现样式"><a href="#实现样式">实现样式</a></h3><div class="section-content"><p>将下面的 CSS 代码粘贴到 <code>src/index.css</code> 中，使其取代当前的内容：</p> <div class="code-example"><div class="example-header"><span class="language-name">css</span></div><pre class="brush: css notranslate"><code>/* RESETS */ *, *::before, *::after { box-sizing: border-box; } *:focus { outline: 3px dashed #228bec; outline-offset: 0; } html { font: 62.5% / 1.15 sans-serif; } h1, h2 { margin-bottom: 0; } ul { list-style: none; padding: 0; } button { border: none; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: auto; overflow: visible; background: transparent; color: inherit; font: inherit; line-height: normal; -webkit-font-smoothing: inherit; -moz-osx-font-smoothing: inherit; -webkit-appearance: none; } button::-moz-focus-inner { border: 0; } button, input, optgroup, select, textarea { font-family: inherit; font-size: 100%; line-height: 1.15; margin: 0; } button, input { overflow: visible; } input[type="text"] { border-radius: 0; } body { width: 100%; max-width: 68rem; margin: 0 auto; font: 1.6rem/1.25 Arial, sans-serif; background-color: #f5f5f5; color: #4d4d4d; } @media screen and (min-width: 620px) { body { font-size: 1.9rem; line-height: 1.31579; } } /*END RESETS*/ /* GLOBAL STYLES */ .form-group > input[type="text"] { display: inline-block; margin-top: 0.4rem; } .btn { padding: 0.8rem 1rem 0.7rem; border: 0.2rem solid #4d4d4d; cursor: pointer; text-transform: capitalize; } .btn.toggle-btn { border-width: 1px; border-color: #d3d3d3; } .btn.toggle-btn[aria-pressed="true"] { text-decoration: underline; border-color: #4d4d4d; } .btn__danger { color: #fff; background-color: #ca3c3c; border-color: #bd2130; } .btn__filter { border-color: lightgrey; } .btn__primary { color: #fff; background-color: #000; } .btn-group { display: flex; justify-content: space-between; } .btn-group > * { flex: 1 1 49%; } .btn-group > * + * { margin-left: 0.8rem; } .label-wrapper { margin: 0; flex: 0 0 100%; text-align: center; } .visually-hidden { position: absolute !important; height: 1px; width: 1px; overflow: hidden; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px); white-space: nowrap; } [class*="stack"] > * { margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; } .stack-small > * + * { margin-top: 1.25rem; } .stack-large > * + * { margin-top: 2.5rem; } @media screen and (min-width: 550px) { .stack-small > * + * { margin-top: 1.4rem; } .stack-large > * + * { margin-top: 2.8rem; } } .stack-exception { margin-top: 1.2rem; } /* END GLOBAL STYLES */ .todoapp { background: #fff; margin: 2rem 0 4rem 0; padding: 1rem; position: relative; box-shadow: 0 2px 4px 0 rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2), 0 2.5rem 5rem 0 rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); } @media screen and (min-width: 550px) { .todoapp { padding: 4rem; } } .todoapp > * { max-width: 50rem; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; } .todoapp > form { max-width: 100%; } .todoapp > h1 { display: block; max-width: 100%; text-align: center; margin: 0; margin-bottom: 1rem; } .label__lg { line-height: 1.01567; font-weight: 300; padding: 0.8rem; margin-bottom: 1rem; text-align: center; } .input__lg { padding: 2rem; border: 2px solid #000; } .input__lg:focus { border-color: #4d4d4d; box-shadow: inset 0 0 0 2px; } [class*="__lg"] { display: inline-block; width: 100%; font-size: 1.9rem; } [class*="__lg"]:not(:last-child) { margin-bottom: 1rem; } @media screen and (min-width: 620px) { [class*="__lg"] { font-size: 2.4rem; } } .filters { width: 100%; margin: unset auto; } /* Todo item styles */ .todo { display: flex; flex-direction: row; flex-wrap: wrap; } .todo > * { flex: 0 0 100%; } .todo-text { width: 100%; min-height: 4.4rem; padding: 0.4rem 0.8rem; border: 2px solid #565656; } .todo-text:focus { box-shadow: inset 0 0 0 2px; } /* CHECKBOX STYLES */ .c-cb { box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; font-weight: 400; font-size: 1.6rem; line-height: 1.25; display: block; position: relative; min-height: 44px; padding-left: 40px; clear: left; } .c-cb > label::before, .c-cb > input[type="checkbox"] { box-sizing: border-box; top: -2px; left: -2px; width: 44px; height: 44px; } .c-cb > input[type="checkbox"] { -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; cursor: pointer; position: absolute; z-index: 1; margin: 0; opacity: 0; } .c-cb > label { font-size: inherit; font-family: inherit; line-height: inherit; display: inline-block; margin-bottom: 0; padding: 8px 15px 5px; cursor: pointer; touch-action: manipulation; } .c-cb > label::before { content: ""; position: absolute; border: 2px solid currentcolor; background: transparent; } .c-cb > input[type="checkbox"]:focus + label::before { border-width: 4px; outline: 3px dashed #228bec; } .c-cb > label::after { box-sizing: content-box; content: ""; position: absolute; top: 11px; left: 9px; width: 18px; height: 7px; transform: rotate(-45deg); border: solid; border-width: 0 0 5px 5px; border-top-color: transparent; opacity: 0; background: transparent; } .c-cb > input[type="checkbox"]:checked + label::after { opacity: 1; } </code></pre></div> <p>保存并刷新浏览器，你的应用程序现在应该有正常的样式。</p></div></section><section aria-labelledby="总结"><h2 id="总结"><a href="#总结">总结</a></h2><div class="section-content"><p>现在，我们的待办清单应用程序终于看起来像一个真正的应用程序了！问题是：它实际上什么都没做。我们将在下一章开始解决这个问题。</p><ul class="prev-next"> <li><a class="button secondary" href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/React_getting_started"><span class="button-wrap"> 上一页 </span></a></li> <li><a class="button secondary" href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks"><span class="button-wrap"> 概述：理解客户端 JavaScript 框架</span></a></li> <li><a class="button secondary" href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/React_components"><span class="button-wrap"> 下一页 </span></a></li> </ul></div></section></article><aside class="article-footer"><div class="article-footer-inner"><div class="svg-container"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="162" height="162" viewBox="0 0 162 162" fill="none" role="none"><mask id="b" fill="#fff"><path d="M97.203 47.04c8.113-7.886 18.004-13.871 28.906-17.492a78 78 0 0 1 33.969-3.39c11.443 1.39 22.401 5.295 32.024 11.411s17.656 14.28 23.476 23.86c5.819 9.579 9.269 20.318 10.083 31.385a69.85 69.85 0 0 1-5.387 32.44c-4.358 10.272-11.115 19.443-19.747 26.801-8.632 7.359-18.908 12.709-30.034 15.637l-6.17-21.698c7.666-2.017 14.746-5.703 20.694-10.773 5.948-5.071 10.603-11.389 13.606-18.467a48.14 48.14 0 0 0 3.712-22.352c-.561-7.625-2.938-15.025-6.948-21.625s-9.544-12.226-16.175-16.44-14.181-6.904-22.065-7.863a53.75 53.75 0 0 0-23.405 2.336c-7.513 2.495-14.327 6.62-19.918 12.053z"></path></mask><path stroke="url(#a)" stroke-dasharray="6, 6" stroke-width="2" d="M97.203 47.04c8.113-7.886 18.004-13.871 28.906-17.492a78 78 0 0 1 33.969-3.39c11.443 1.39 22.401 5.295 32.024 11.411s17.656 14.28 23.476 23.86c5.819 9.579 9.269 20.318 10.083 31.385a69.85 69.85 0 0 1-5.387 32.44c-4.358 10.272-11.115 19.443-19.747 26.801-8.632 7.359-18.908 12.709-30.034 15.637l-6.17-21.698c7.666-2.017 14.746-5.703 20.694-10.773 5.948-5.071 10.603-11.389 13.606-18.467a48.14 48.14 0 0 0 3.712-22.352c-.561-7.625-2.938-15.025-6.948-21.625s-9.544-12.226-16.175-16.44-14.181-6.904-22.065-7.863a53.75 53.75 0 0 0-23.405 2.336c-7.513 2.495-14.327 6.62-19.918 12.053z" mask="url(#b)" style="stroke:url(#a)" transform="translate(-63.992 -25.587)"></path><ellipse cx="8.066" cy="111.597" fill="var(--background-tertiary)" rx="53.677" ry="53.699" transform="matrix(.71707 -.697 .7243 .6895 0 0)"></ellipse><g clip-path="url(#c)" transform="translate(-63.992 -25.587)"><path fill="#9abff5" d="m144.256 137.379 32.906 12.434a4.41 4.41 0 0 1 2.559 5.667l-9.326 24.679a4.41 4.41 0 0 1-5.667 2.559l-8.226-3.108-2.332 6.17c-.466 1.233-.375 1.883-1.609 1.417l-2.253-.527c-.411-.155-.95-.594-1.206-1.161l-4.734-10.484-12.545-4.741a4.41 4.41 0 0 1-2.559-5.667l9.325-24.679a4.41 4.41 0 0 1 5.667-2.559m9.961 29.617 8.227 3.108 3.264-8.638-.498-6.768-4.113-1.555.548 7.258-4.319-1.632zm-12.339-4.663 8.226 3.108 3.264-8.637-.498-6.769-4.113-1.554.548 7.257-4.319-1.632z"></path></g><g clip-path="url(#d)" transform="translate(-63.992 -25.587)"><path fill="#81b0f3" d="M135.35 60.136 86.67 41.654c-3.346-1.27-7.124.428-8.394 3.775L64.414 81.938c-1.27 3.347.428 7.125 3.774 8.395l12.17 4.62-3.465 9.128c-.693 1.826-1.432 2.457.394 3.15l3.014 1.625c.609.231 1.637.274 2.477-.104l15.53-6.983 18.56 7.047c3.346 1.27 7.124-.428 8.395-3.775l13.862-36.51c1.27-3.346-.428-7.124-3.775-8.395M95.261 83.207l-12.17-4.62 4.852-12.779 7.19-7.017 6.085 2.31-7.725 7.51 6.389 2.426zm18.255 6.93-12.17-4.62 4.852-12.778 7.189-7.017 6.085 2.31-7.725 7.51 6.39 2.426z"></path></g><defs><clipPath id="c"><path fill="#fff" d="m198.638 146.586-65.056-24.583-24.583 65.057 65.056 24.582z"></path></clipPath><clipPath id="d"><path fill="#fff" d="m66.438 14.055 96.242 36.54-36.54 96.243-96.243-36.54z"></path></clipPath><linearGradient id="a" x1="97.203" x2="199.995" y1="47.04" y2="152.793" gradientUnits="userSpaceOnUse"><stop stop-color="#086DFC"></stop><stop offset="0.246" stop-color="#2C81FA"></stop><stop offset="0.516" stop-color="#5497F8"></stop><stop offset="0.821" stop-color="#80B0F6"></stop><stop offset="1" stop-color="#9ABFF5"></stop></linearGradient></defs></svg></div><h2>Help improve MDN</h2><fieldset class="feedback"><label>Was this page helpful to you?</label><div class="button-container"><button type="button" class="button primary has-icon yes"><span class="button-wrap"><span class="icon icon-thumbs-up "></span>Yes</span></button><button type="button" class="button primary has-icon no"><span class="button-wrap"><span class="icon icon-thumbs-down "></span>No</span></button></div></fieldset><a class="contribute" href="https://github.com/mdn/translated-content/blob/main/CONTRIBUTING.md" title="This will take you to our contribution guidelines on GitHub." target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Learn how to contribute</a>.<p class="last-modified-date">This page was last modified on <time dateTime="2024-07-27T03:21:20.000Z">2024年7月27日</time> by <a href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/React_todo_list_beginning/contributors.txt" rel="nofollow">MDN contributors</a>.</p><div id="on-github" class="on-github"><a href="https://github.com/mdn/translated-content/blob/main/files/zh-cn/learn/tools_and_testing/client-side_javascript_frameworks/react_todo_list_beginning/index.md?plain=1" title="Folder: zh-cn/learn/tools_and_testing/client-side_javascript_frameworks/react_todo_list_beginning (Opens in a new tab)" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">View this page on GitHub</a> • <a href="https://github.com/mdn/translated-content/issues/new?template=page-report-zh-cn.yml&mdn-url=https%3A%2F%2Fdeveloper.mozilla.org%2Fzh-CN%2Fdocs%2FLearn%2FTools_and_testing%2FClient-side_JavaScript_frameworks%2FReact_todo_list_beginning&metadata=%3C%21--+Do+not+make+changes+below+this+line+--%3E%0A%3Cdetails%3E%0A%3Csummary%3EPage+report+details%3C%2Fsummary%3E%0A%0A*+Folder%3A+%60zh-cn%2Flearn%2Ftools_and_testing%2Fclient-side_javascript_frameworks%2Freact_todo_list_beginning%60%0A*+MDN+URL%3A+https%3A%2F%2Fdeveloper.mozilla.org%2Fzh-CN%2Fdocs%2FLearn%2FTools_and_testing%2FClient-side_JavaScript_frameworks%2FReact_todo_list_beginning%0A*+GitHub+URL%3A+https%3A%2F%2Fgithub.com%2Fmdn%2Ftranslated-content%2Fblob%2Fmain%2Ffiles%2Fzh-cn%2Flearn%2Ftools_and_testing%2Fclient-side_javascript_frameworks%2Freact_todo_list_beginning%2Findex.md%0A*+Last+commit%3A+https%3A%2F%2Fgithub.com%2Fmdn%2Ftranslated-content%2Fcommit%2F6ec5a237611743b565003deb101b9edcb2f3135e%0A*+Document+last+modified%3A+2024-07-27T03%3A21%3A20.000Z%0A%0A%3C%2Fdetails%3E" title="This will take you to GitHub to file a new issue." target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Report a problem with this content</a></div></div></aside></main></div></div><footer id="nav-footer" class="page-footer"><div class="page-footer-grid"><div class="page-footer-logo-col"><a href="/" class="mdn-footer-logo" aria-label="MDN homepage"><svg width="48" height="17" viewBox="0 0 48 17" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><title id="mdn-footer-logo-svg">MDN logo</title><path d="M20.04 16.512H15.504V10.416C15.504 9.488 15.344 8.824 15.024 8.424C14.72 8.024 14.264 7.824 13.656 7.824C12.92 7.824 12.384 8.064 12.048 8.544C11.728 9.024 11.568 9.64 11.568 10.392V14.184H13.008V16.512H8.472V10.416C8.472 9.488 8.312 8.824 7.992 8.424C7.688 8.024 7.232 7.824 6.624 7.824C5.872 7.824 5.336 8.064 5.016 8.544C4.696 9.024 4.536 9.64 4.536 10.392V14.184H6.6V16.512H0V14.184H1.44V8.04H0.024V5.688H4.536V7.32C5.224 6.088 6.32 5.472 7.824 5.472C8.608 5.472 9.328 5.664 9.984 6.048C10.64 6.432 11.096 7.016 11.352 7.8C11.992 6.248 13.168 5.472 14.88 5.472C15.856 5.472 16.72 5.776 17.472 6.384C18.224 6.992 18.6 7.936 18.6 9.216V14.184H20.04V16.512Z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M33.6714 16.512H29.1354V14.496C28.8314 15.12 28.3834 15.656 27.7914 16.104C27.1994 16.536 26.4154 16.752 25.4394 16.752C24.0154 16.752 22.8954 16.264 22.0794 15.288C21.2634 14.312 20.8554 12.984 20.8554 11.304C20.8554 9.688 21.2554 8.312 22.0554 7.176C22.8554 6.04 24.0634 5.472 25.6794 5.472C26.5594 5.472 27.2794 5.648 27.8394 6C28.3994 6.352 28.8314 6.8 29.1354 7.344V2.352H26.9754V0H32.2314V14.184H33.6714V16.512ZM29.1354 11.04V10.776C29.1354 9.88 28.8954 9.184 28.4154 8.688C27.9514 8.176 27.3674 7.92 26.6634 7.92C25.9754 7.92 25.3674 8.176 24.8394 8.688C24.3274 9.2 24.0714 10.008 24.0714 11.112C24.0714 12.152 24.3114 12.944 24.7914 13.488C25.2714 14.032 25.8394 14.304 26.4954 14.304C27.3114 14.304 27.9514 13.96 28.4154 13.272C28.8954 12.584 29.1354 11.84 29.1354 11.04Z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M47.9589 16.512H41.9829V14.184H43.4229V10.416C43.4229 9.488 43.2629 8.824 42.9429 8.424C42.6389 8.024 42.1829 7.824 41.5749 7.824C40.8389 7.824 40.2709 8.056 39.8709 8.52C39.4709 8.968 39.2629 9.56 39.2469 10.296V14.184H40.6869V16.512H34.7109V14.184H36.1509V8.04H34.5909V5.688H39.2469V7.344C39.9669 6.096 41.1269 5.472 42.7269 5.472C43.7509 5.472 44.6389 5.776 45.3909 6.384C46.1429 6.992 46.5189 7.936 46.5189 9.216V14.184H47.9589V16.512Z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></a><p>Your blueprint for a better internet.</p><ul class="social-icons"><li><a href="https://mozilla.social/@mdn" target="_blank" rel="me noopener noreferrer"><span class="icon icon-mastodon"></span><span class="visually-hidden">MDN on Mastodon</span></a></li><li><a href="https://twitter.com/mozdevnet" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><span class="icon icon-twitter-x"></span><span class="visually-hidden">MDN on X (formerly Twitter)</span></a></li><li><a href="https://github.com/mdn/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><span class="icon icon-github-mark-small"></span><span class="visually-hidden">MDN on GitHub</span></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/blog/rss.xml" target="_blank"><span class="icon icon-feed"></span><span class="visually-hidden">MDN Blog RSS Feed</span></a></li></ul></div><div class="page-footer-nav-col-1"><h2 class="footer-nav-heading">MDN</h2><ul class="footer-nav-list"><li class="footer-nav-item"><a href="/en-US/about">About</a></li><li class="footer-nav-item"><a href="/en-US/blog/">Blog</a></li><li class="footer-nav-item"><a href="https://www.mozilla.org/en-US/careers/listings/?team=ProdOps" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Careers</a></li><li class="footer-nav-item"><a href="/en-US/advertising">Advertise with us</a></li></ul></div><div class="page-footer-nav-col-2"><h2 class="footer-nav-heading">Support</h2><ul class="footer-nav-list"><li class="footer-nav-item"><a class="footer-nav-link" href="https://support.mozilla.org/products/mdn-plus">Product help</a></li><li class="footer-nav-item"><a class="footer-nav-link" href="/zh-CN/docs/MDN/Community/Issues">Report an issue</a></li></ul></div><div class="page-footer-nav-col-3"><h2 class="footer-nav-heading">Our communities</h2><ul class="footer-nav-list"><li class="footer-nav-item"><a class="footer-nav-link" href="/en-US/community">MDN Community</a></li><li class="footer-nav-item"><a class="footer-nav-link" href="https://discourse.mozilla.org/c/mdn/236" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">MDN Forum</a></li><li class="footer-nav-item"><a class="footer-nav-link" href="/discord" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">MDN Chat</a></li></ul></div><div class="page-footer-nav-col-4"><h2 class="footer-nav-heading">Developers</h2><ul class="footer-nav-list"><li class="footer-nav-item"><a class="footer-nav-link" href="/zh-CN/docs/Web">Web Technologies</a></li><li class="footer-nav-item"><a class="footer-nav-link" href="/zh-CN/docs/Learn">Learn Web Development</a></li><li class="footer-nav-item"><a class="footer-nav-link" href="/zh-CN/plus">MDN Plus</a></li><li class="footer-nav-item"><a href="https://hacks.mozilla.org/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Hacks Blog</a></li></ul></div><div class="page-footer-moz"><a href="https://www.mozilla.org/" class="footer-moz-logo-link" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><svg width="112" height="32" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><title id="mozilla-footer-logo-svg">Mozilla logo</title><path d="M41.753 14.218c-2.048 0-3.324 1.522-3.324 4.157 0 2.423 1.119 4.286 3.29 4.286 2.082 0 3.447-1.678 3.447-4.347 0-2.826-1.522-4.096-3.413-4.096Zm54.89 7.044c0 .901.437 1.618 1.645 1.618 1.427 0 2.949-1.024 3.044-3.352-.649-.095-1.365-.185-2.02-.185-1.426-.005-2.668.397-2.668 1.92Z" fill="currentColor"></path><path d="M0 0v32h111.908V0H0Zm32.56 25.426h-5.87v-7.884c0-2.423-.806-3.352-2.39-3.352-1.924 0-2.702 1.365-2.702 3.324v4.868h1.864v3.044h-5.864v-7.884c0-2.423-.806-3.352-2.39-3.352-1.924 0-2.702 1.365-2.702 3.324v4.868h2.669v3.044H6.642v-3.044h1.863v-7.918H6.642V11.42h5.864v2.11c.839-1.489 2.3-2.39 4.252-2.39 2.02 0 3.878.963 4.566 3.01.778-1.862 2.361-3.01 4.566-3.01 2.512 0 4.812 1.522 4.812 4.84v6.402h1.863v3.044h-.005Zm9.036.307c-4.314 0-7.296-2.635-7.296-7.106 0-4.096 2.484-7.481 7.514-7.481s7.481 3.38 7.481 7.29c0 4.472-3.228 7.297-7.699 7.297Zm22.578-.307H51.942l-.403-2.11 7.7-8.846h-4.376l-.621 2.17-2.888-.313.498-4.907h12.294l.313 2.11-7.767 8.852h4.533l.654-2.172 3.167.308-.872 4.908Zm7.99 0h-4.191v-5.03h4.19v5.03Zm0-8.976h-4.191v-5.03h4.19v5.03Zm2.618 8.976 6.054-21.358h3.945l-6.054 21.358h-3.945Zm8.136 0 6.048-21.358h3.945l-6.054 21.358h-3.939Zm21.486.307c-1.863 0-2.887-1.085-3.072-2.792-.805 1.427-2.232 2.792-4.498 2.792-2.02 0-4.314-1.085-4.314-4.006 0-3.447 3.323-4.253 6.518-4.253.778 0 1.584.034 2.3.124v-.465c0-1.427-.034-3.133-2.3-3.133-.84 0-1.488.061-2.143.402l-.453 1.578-3.195-.34.549-3.224c2.45-.996 3.692-1.27 5.992-1.27 3.01 0 5.556 1.55 5.556 4.75v6.083c0 .805.314 1.085.963 1.085.184 0 .375-.034.587-.095l.034 2.11a5.432 5.432 0 0 1-2.524.654Z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></a><ul class="footer-moz-list"><li class="footer-moz-item"><a href="https://www.mozilla.org/privacy/websites/" class="footer-moz-link" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Website Privacy Notice</a></li><li class="footer-moz-item"><a href="https://www.mozilla.org/privacy/websites/#cookies" class="footer-moz-link" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Cookies</a></li><li class="footer-moz-item"><a href="https://www.mozilla.org/about/legal/terms/mozilla" class="footer-moz-link" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Legal</a></li><li class="footer-moz-item"><a href="https://www.mozilla.org/about/governance/policies/participation/" class="footer-moz-link" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Community Participation Guidelines</a></li></ul></div><div class="page-footer-legal"><p id="license" class="page-footer-legal-text">Visit <a href="https://www.mozilla.org" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Mozilla Corporation’s</a> not-for-profit parent, the <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://foundation.mozilla.org/">Mozilla Foundation</a>.<br/>Portions of this content are ©1998–2024 by individual mozilla.org contributors. Content available under <a href="/zh-CN/docs/MDN/Writing_guidelines/Attrib_copyright_license">a Creative Commons license</a>.</p></div></div></footer></div><script type="application/json" id="hydration">{"url":"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/React_todo_list_beginning","doc":{"isMarkdown":true,"isTranslated":true,"isActive":true,"flaws":{},"title":"开始我们的 React 待办清单","mdn_url":"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/React_todo_list_beginning","locale":"zh-CN","native":"中文 (简体)","sidebarHTML":"<ol><li class=\"section\"><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Getting_started_with_the_web\">新手请从这开始！</a></li><li><details><summary>Web 入门</summary><ol><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Getting_started_with_the_web\">Web 入门</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Getting_started_with_the_web/Installing_basic_software\">安装基础软件</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Getting_started_with_the_web/What_will_your_website_look_like\">你的网站会是什么样子？</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Getting_started_with_the_web/Dealing_with_files\">处理文件</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Getting_started_with_the_web/HTML_basics\">HTML 基础</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Getting_started_with_the_web/CSS_basics\">CSS 基础</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Getting_started_with_the_web/JavaScript_basics\">JavaScript 基础</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Getting_started_with_the_web/Publishing_your_website\">发布你的网站</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Getting_started_with_the_web/How_the_Web_works\">万维网是如何工作的</a></li></ol></details></li><li class=\"section\"><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/HTML\">HTML——构建 Web</a></li><li><details><summary>HTML 介绍</summary><ol><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/HTML/Introduction_to_HTML\">HTML 简介</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/HTML/Introduction_to_HTML/Getting_started\">开始学习 HTML</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/HTML/Introduction_to_HTML/The_head_metadata_in_HTML\">“头”里有什么——HTML 元信息</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/HTML/Introduction_to_HTML/HTML_text_fundamentals\">HTML 文本处理基础</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/HTML/Introduction_to_HTML/Creating_hyperlinks\">创建超链接</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/HTML/Introduction_to_HTML/Advanced_text_formatting\">文本格式进阶</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/HTML/Introduction_to_HTML/Document_and_website_structure\">文档与网站架构</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/HTML/Introduction_to_HTML/Debugging_HTML\">HTML 调试</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/HTML/Introduction_to_HTML/Marking_up_a_letter\">标记信件</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/HTML/Introduction_to_HTML/Structuring_a_page_of_content\">构建网页内容</a></li></ol></details></li><li><details><summary>多媒体与嵌入</summary><ol><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/HTML/Multimedia_and_embedding\">多媒体与嵌入</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/HTML/Multimedia_and_embedding/Images_in_HTML\">HTML 中的图片</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/HTML/Multimedia_and_embedding/Video_and_audio_content\">视频和音频内容</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/HTML/Multimedia_and_embedding/Other_embedding_technologies\">从 object 到 iframe——其他嵌入技术</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/HTML/Multimedia_and_embedding/Adding_vector_graphics_to_the_Web\">向 web 中添加矢量图形</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/HTML/Multimedia_and_embedding/Responsive_images\">响应式图片</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/HTML/Multimedia_and_embedding/Mozilla_splash_page\">Mozilla 欢迎页面</a></li></ol></details></li><li><details><summary>HTML 表格</summary><ol><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/HTML/Tables\">HTML 表格</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/HTML/Tables/Basics\">HTML 表格基础</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/HTML/Tables/Advanced\">HTML 表格进阶特性和无障碍</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/HTML/Tables/Structuring_planet_data\">作业：构建行星数据</a></li></ol></details></li><li class=\"section\"><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/CSS\">CSS——设计 Web</a></li><li><details><summary>CSS 第一步</summary><ol><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/CSS/First_steps\">CSS 入门概述</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/CSS/First_steps/What_is_CSS\">什么是 CSS?</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/CSS/First_steps/Getting_started\">让我们开始 CSS 的学习之旅</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/CSS/First_steps/How_CSS_is_structured\">CSS 的组成</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/CSS/First_steps/How_CSS_works\">CSS 如何运行</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/CSS/First_steps/Styling_a_biography_page\">运用你的新知识</a></li></ol></details></li><li><details><summary>CSS 基础</summary><ol><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/CSS/Building_blocks\">CSS 构建</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/CSS/Building_blocks/Selectors\">CSS 选择器</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/CSS/Building_blocks/Selectors/Type_Class_and_ID_Selectors\">类型、类和 ID 选择器</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/CSS/Building_blocks/Selectors/Attribute_selectors\">属性选择器</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/CSS/Building_blocks/Selectors/Pseudo-classes_and_pseudo-elements\">伪类和伪元素</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/CSS/Building_blocks/Selectors/Combinators\">关系选择器</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/CSS/Building_blocks/Cascade_and_inheritance\">层叠、优先级与继承</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/CSS/Building_blocks/Cascade_layers\">层叠层</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/CSS/Building_blocks/The_box_model\">盒模型</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/CSS/Building_blocks/Backgrounds_and_borders\">背景与边框</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/CSS/Building_blocks/Handling_different_text_directions\">处理不同方向的文本</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/CSS/Building_blocks/Overflowing_content\">溢出的内容</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/CSS/Building_blocks/Values_and_units\">CSS 值和单位</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/CSS/Building_blocks/Sizing_items_in_CSS\">在 CSS 中调整大小</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/CSS/Building_blocks/Images_media_form_elements\">图像、媒体和表单元素</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/CSS/Building_blocks/Styling_tables\">样式化表格</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/CSS/Building_blocks/Advanced_styling_effects\">高级区块效果</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/CSS/Building_blocks/Debugging_CSS\">调试 CSS</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/CSS/Building_blocks/Organizing\">组织 CSS</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/CSS/Building_blocks/Fundamental_CSS_comprehension\">基本的 CSS 理解</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/CSS/Building_blocks/Creating_fancy_letterheaded_paper\">创建精美的信纸</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/CSS/Building_blocks/A_cool_looking_box\">一个漂亮的盒子</a></li></ol></details></li><li><details><summary>样式化文本</summary><ol><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/CSS/Styling_text\">为文本添加样式（样式化文本）</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/CSS/Styling_text/Fundamentals\">基本文本和字体样式</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/CSS/Styling_text/Styling_lists\">为列表添加样式</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/CSS/Styling_text/Styling_links\">样式化链接</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/CSS/Styling_text/Web_fonts\">Web 字体</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/CSS/Styling_text/Typesetting_a_homepage\">作业：排版社区大学首页</a></li></ol></details></li><li><details><summary>CSS 排版</summary><ol><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/CSS/CSS_layout\">CSS 布局</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/CSS/CSS_layout/Introduction\">介绍 CSS 布局</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/CSS/CSS_layout/Normal_Flow\">常规流布局</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/CSS/CSS_layout/Flexbox\">弹性盒子</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/CSS/CSS_layout/Grids\">网格</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/CSS/CSS_layout/Floats\">浮动</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/CSS/CSS_layout/Positioning\">定位</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/CSS/CSS_layout/Multiple-column_Layout\">多列布局</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/CSS/CSS_layout/Responsive_Design\">响应式设计</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/CSS/CSS_layout/Media_queries\">媒体查询入门指南</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/CSS/CSS_layout/Legacy_Layout_Methods\">传统的布局方法</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/CSS/CSS_layout/Supporting_Older_Browsers\">支持旧浏览器</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/CSS/CSS_layout/Fundamental_Layout_Comprehension\">作业：基本布局理解</a></li></ol></details></li><li class=\"section\"><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/JavaScript\">JavaScript——用户端动态脚本</a></li><li><details><summary>JavaScript 第一步</summary><ol><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/JavaScript/First_steps\">JavaScript 第一步</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/JavaScript/First_steps/What_is_JavaScript\">什么是 JavaScript？</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/JavaScript/First_steps/A_first_splash\">JavaScript 初体验</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/JavaScript/First_steps/What_went_wrong\">查找并解决 JavaScript 代码的错误</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/JavaScript/First_steps/Variables\">如何存储你需要的信息——变量</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/JavaScript/First_steps/Math\">JavaScript 中的基础数学 — 数字和操作符</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/JavaScript/First_steps/Strings\">文本处理——JavaScript 中的字符串</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/JavaScript/First_steps/Useful_string_methods\">有用的字符串方法</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/JavaScript/First_steps/Arrays\">数组</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/JavaScript/First_steps/Silly_story_generator\">笑话生成器</a></li></ol></details></li><li><details><summary>JavaScript 基础</summary><ol><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/JavaScript/Building_blocks\">创建 JavaScript 代码块</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/JavaScript/Building_blocks/conditionals\">在代码中做决定——条件语句</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/JavaScript/Building_blocks/Looping_code\">循环吧，代码</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/JavaScript/Building_blocks/Functions\">函数——可复用的代码块</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/JavaScript/Building_blocks/Build_your_own_function\">创建你自己的函数</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/JavaScript/Building_blocks/Return_values\">函数返回值</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/JavaScript/Building_blocks/Events\">事件介绍</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/JavaScript/Building_blocks/Event_bubbling\">事件冒泡</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/JavaScript/Building_blocks/Image_gallery\">图片库</a></li></ol></details></li><li><details><summary>JavaScript 对象介绍</summary><ol><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/JavaScript/Objects\">JavaScript 对象入门</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/JavaScript/Objects/Basics\">JavaScript 对象基础</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/JavaScript/Objects/Object_prototypes\">对象原型</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/JavaScript/Objects/Object-oriented_programming\">面向对象编程基本概念</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/JavaScript/Objects/Classes_in_JavaScript\">JavaScript 中的类</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/JavaScript/Objects/JSON\">使用 JSON</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/JavaScript/Objects/Object_building_practice\">实践对象构造</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/JavaScript/Objects/Adding_bouncing_balls_features\">为“弹球”示例添加新功能</a></li></ol></details></li><li><details><summary>异步 JavaScript</summary><ol><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/JavaScript/Asynchronous\">异步 JavaScript</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/JavaScript/Asynchronous/Introducing\">异步 JavaScript 简介</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/JavaScript/Asynchronous/Promises\">如何使用 Promise</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/JavaScript/Asynchronous/Implementing_a_promise-based_API\">如何实现基于 Promise 的 API</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/JavaScript/Asynchronous/Introducing_workers\">workers 简介</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/JavaScript/Asynchronous/Sequencing_animations\">序列动画</a></li></ol></details></li><li><details><summary>客户端 Web API</summary><ol><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/JavaScript/Client-side_web_APIs\">客户端 Web API</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/JavaScript/Client-side_web_APIs/Introduction\">Web API 简介</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/JavaScript/Client-side_web_APIs/Manipulating_documents\">操作文档</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/JavaScript/Client-side_web_APIs/Fetching_data\">从服务器获取数据</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/JavaScript/Client-side_web_APIs/Third_party_APIs\">第三方 API</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/JavaScript/Client-side_web_APIs/Drawing_graphics\">绘图</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/JavaScript/Client-side_web_APIs/Video_and_audio_APIs\">视频和音频 API</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/JavaScript/Client-side_web_APIs/Client-side_storage\">客户端存储</a></li></ol></details></li><li class=\"section\"><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Forms\">Web 表单——与用户数据打交道</a></li><li><details><summary>Web 表单核心</summary><ol><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Forms\">Web 表单构建块</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Forms/Your_first_form\">创建我的第一个表单</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Forms/How_to_structure_a_web_form\">如何构建 HTML 表单</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Forms/Basic_native_form_controls\">原生表单部件</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Forms/HTML5_input_types\">HTML5 的输入（input）类型</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Forms/Other_form_controls\">其他表单控件</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Forms/Styling_web_forms\">样式化 Web 表单</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Forms/Advanced_form_styling\">表单样式化进阶</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Forms/UI_pseudo-classes\">UI 伪类</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Forms/Form_validation\">表单数据校验</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Forms/Sending_and_retrieving_form_data\">发送表单数据</a></li></ol></details></li><li><details><summary>Web 表单进阶</summary><ol><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Forms/How_to_build_custom_form_controls\">如何构建自定义表单控件</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Forms/Sending_forms_through_JavaScript\">使用 JavaScript 发送表单</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Forms/Property_compatibility_table_for_form_controls\">表单控件兼容性列表</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Forms/HTML_forms_in_legacy_browsers\">旧式浏览器中的 HTML 表单</a></li></ol></details></li><li class=\"section\"><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Accessibility\">无障碍——使每个人都能使用 Web</a></li><li><details><summary>无障碍指南</summary><ol><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Accessibility\">无障碍</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Accessibility/What_is_accessibility\">什么是无障碍？</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Accessibility/HTML\">HTML：无障碍的良好基础</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Accessibility/CSS_and_JavaScript\">CSS 和 JavaScript 无障碍最佳实践</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Accessibility/WAI-ARIA_basics\">WAI-ARIA 基础</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Accessibility/Multimedia\">多媒体无障碍</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Accessibility/Mobile\">移动端无障碍</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Accessibility/Accessibility_troubleshooting\">测验：无障碍疑难解答</a></li></ol></details></li><li class=\"section\"><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Performance\">性能——使网站快速响应</a></li><li><details><summary>性能指南</summary><ol><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Performance\">Web 性能</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Performance/why_web_performance\">Web 性能的重要性</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Performance/What_is_web_performance\">什么是 web 性能？</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Performance/Perceived_performance\">感知性能</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Performance/Measuring_performance\">测量性能</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Performance/Multimedia\">多媒体：图片</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Performance/video\">多媒体：视频</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Performance/JavaScript\">JavaScript 性能优化</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Performance/HTML\">HTML 性能优化</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Performance/CSS\">CSS 性能优化</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Performance/business_case_for_performance\">web 性能的商业案例</a></li></ol></details></li><li class=\"section\"><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/MathML\">MathML——使用 MathML 语言撰写数学表达式</a></li><li><details><summary>MathML 第一步</summary><ol><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/MathML/First_steps\">MathML 入门概述</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/MathML/First_steps/Getting_started\">MathML 使用入门</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/MathML/First_steps/Text_containers\">MathML 文本容器</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/MathML/First_steps/Fractions_and_roots\">MathML 分数和根号</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/MathML/First_steps/Scripts\">MathML 附加符号</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/MathML/First_steps/Tables\">MathML 表格</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/MathML/First_steps/Three_famous_mathematical_formulas\">三个著名的数学公式</a></li></ol></details></li><li class=\"section\"><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/../Games\">游戏——开发 Web 游戏</a></li><li><details><summary>指南和基础教程</summary><ol><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Games/Introduction\">Web 游戏开发简介</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Games/Techniques\">游戏开发技术</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Games/Tutorials\">教程</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Games/Publishing_games\">发布游戏</a></li></ol></details></li><li class=\"section\"><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing\">工具与测试</a></li><li><details><summary>客户端 web 开发工具</summary><ol><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Understanding_client-side_tools\">理解客户端 web 开发工具</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Understanding_client-side_tools/Overview\">客户端工具概述</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Understanding_client-side_tools/Command_line\">命令行速成课</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Understanding_client-side_tools/Package_management\">软件包管理基础</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Understanding_client-side_tools/Introducing_complete_toolchain\">介绍完整的工具链</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Understanding_client-side_tools/Deployment\">部署我们的应用</a></li></ol></details></li><li><details><summary>客户端框架介绍</summary><ol><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/Introduction\">客户端框架介绍</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/Main_features\">框架的主要特性</a></li></ol></details></li><li><details open=\"\"><summary>React</summary><ol><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/React_getting_started\">React 入门</a></li><li><em><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/React_todo_list_beginning\" aria-current=\"page\">开始我们的 React 待办清单</a></em></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/React_components\">组件化我们的 React App</a></li><li><a class=\"only-in-en-us\" title=\"此页面目前仅提供英文版本\" href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/React_interactivity_events_state\">React interactivity: Events and state</a></li><li><a class=\"only-in-en-us\" title=\"此页面目前仅提供英文版本\" href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/React_interactivity_filtering_conditional_rendering\">React interactivity: Editing, filtering, conditional rendering</a></li><li><a class=\"only-in-en-us\" title=\"此页面目前仅提供英文版本\" href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/React_accessibility\">Accessibility in React</a></li><li><a class=\"only-in-en-us\" title=\"此页面目前仅提供英文版本\" href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/React_resources\">React resources</a></li></ol></details></li><li><details><summary>Ember</summary><ol><li><a class=\"only-in-en-us\" title=\"此页面目前仅提供英文版本\" href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/Ember_getting_started\">Getting started with Ember</a></li><li><a class=\"only-in-en-us\" title=\"此页面目前仅提供英文版本\" href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/Ember_structure_componentization\">Ember app structure and componentization</a></li><li><a class=\"only-in-en-us\" title=\"此页面目前仅提供英文版本\" href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/Ember_interactivity_events_state\">Ember interactivity: Events, classes and state</a></li><li><a class=\"only-in-en-us\" title=\"此页面目前仅提供英文版本\" href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/Ember_conditional_footer\">Ember Interactivity: Footer functionality, conditional rendering</a></li><li><a class=\"only-in-en-us\" title=\"此页面目前仅提供英文版本\" href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/Ember_routing\">Routing in Ember</a></li><li><a class=\"only-in-en-us\" title=\"此页面目前仅提供英文版本\" href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/Ember_resources\">Ember resources and troubleshooting</a></li></ol></details></li><li><details><summary>Vue</summary><ol><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/Vue_getting_started\">开始使用 Vue</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/Vue_first_component\">创建第一个 Vue 组件</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/Vue_rendering_lists\">渲染 Vue 组件列表</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/Vue_methods_events_models\">使用 Vue event、method 和 model 添加一个新的 todo 表单</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/Vue_styling\">使用 CSS 为 Vue 组件添加样式</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/Vue_computed_properties\">Vue 中的计算属性</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/Vue_conditional_rendering\">Vue 中的条件渲染：编辑现有的待办事项</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/Vue_refs_focus_management\">使用 Vue 模板引用进行焦点管理</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/Vue_resources\">Vue 资源</a></li></ol></details></li><li><details><summary>Svelte</summary><ol><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/Svelte_getting_started\">Svelte 入门</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/Svelte_Todo_list_beginning\">开始编写我们的 Svelte 待办事项列表应用程序</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/Svelte_variables_props\">Svelte 中的动态行为：变量和属性</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/Svelte_components\">将我们的 Svelte 应用组件化</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/Svelte_reactivity_lifecycle_accessibility\">Svelte 进阶：响应式、生命周期以及无障碍</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/Svelte_stores\">使用 Svelte store</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/Svelte_TypeScript\">Svelte 对 TypeScript 的支持</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/Svelte_deployment_next\">部署以及下一步</a></li></ol></details></li><li><details><summary>Angular</summary><ol><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/Angular_getting_started\">Angular 入门</a></li><li><a class=\"only-in-en-us\" title=\"此页面目前仅提供英文版本\" href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/Angular_todo_list_beginning\">Beginning our Angular todo list app</a></li><li><a class=\"only-in-en-us\" title=\"此页面目前仅提供英文版本\" href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/Angular_styling\">Styling our Angular app</a></li><li><a class=\"only-in-en-us\" title=\"此页面目前仅提供英文版本\" href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/Angular_item_component\">Creating an item component</a></li><li><a class=\"only-in-en-us\" title=\"此页面目前仅提供英文版本\" href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/Angular_filtering\">Filtering our to-do items</a></li><li><a class=\"only-in-en-us\" title=\"此页面目前仅提供英文版本\" href=\"/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/Angular_building\">Building Angular applications and further resources</a></li></ol></details></li><li><details><summary>Git 和 GitHub</summary><ol><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/GitHub\">Git 和 GitHub</a></li></ol></details></li><li><details><summary>跨浏览器测试</summary><ol><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Cross_browser_testing\">跨浏览器测试</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Cross_browser_testing/Introduction\">跨浏览器测试介绍</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Cross_browser_testing/Testing_strategies\">测试的策略</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Cross_browser_testing/HTML_and_CSS\">处理常见的 HTML 和 CSS 问题</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Cross_browser_testing/JavaScript\">处理常见的 JavaScript 问题</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Cross_browser_testing/Accessibility\">解决常见的无障碍问题</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Cross_browser_testing/Feature_detection\">实现特性检测</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Cross_browser_testing/Automated_testing\">自动化测试简介</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Cross_browser_testing/Your_own_automation_environment\">搭建自己的自动化测试环境</a></li></ol></details></li><li class=\"section\"><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Server-side\">服务端网页编程</a></li><li><details><summary>第一步</summary><ol><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Server-side/First_steps\">服务端网站编程的第一步</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Server-side/First_steps/Introduction\">服务端编程介绍</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Server-side/First_steps/Client-Server_overview\">客户端服务端交互概述</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Server-side/First_steps/Web_frameworks\">服务端 web 框架</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Server-side/First_steps/Website_security\">站点安全</a></li></ol></details></li><li><details><summary>Django Web 框架（Python）</summary><ol><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Server-side/Django\">Django Web 框架 (python)</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Server-side/Django/Introduction\">Django 介绍</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Server-side/Django/development_environment\">设置 Django 开发环境</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Server-side/Django/Tutorial_local_library_website\">Django Tutorial: The Local Library website</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Server-side/Django/skeleton_website\">Django Tutorial Part 2: 创建网站的地基</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Server-side/Django/Models\">Django Tutorial Part 3: 使用模型</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Server-side/Django/Admin_site\">Django Tutorial Part 4: Django 管理员站点</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Server-side/Django/Home_page\">Django 教程 5：主页构建</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Server-side/Django/Generic_views\">Django 教程 6: 通用列表和详细信息视图</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Server-side/Django/Sessions\">Django 教程 7: 会话框架</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Server-side/Django/Authentication\">Django 教程 8：用户授权与许可</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Server-side/Django/Forms\">Django 教程 9: 使用表单</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Server-side/Django/Testing\">Django 教程 10: 测试 Django 网页应用</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Server-side/Django/Deployment\">Django 教程 11：部署 Django 到生产环境</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Server-side/Django/web_application_security\">Django Web 应用安全</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Server-side/Django/django_assessment_blog\">评估：DIY Django 微博客</a></li></ol></details></li><li><details><summary>Express Web 框架（Node.js/JavaScript）</summary><ol><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Server-side/Express_Nodejs\">Express Web 框架（Node.js/JavaScript）</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Server-side/Express_Nodejs/Introduction\">Express/Node 入门</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Server-side/Express_Nodejs/development_environment\">设置 Node 开发环境</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Server-side/Express_Nodejs/Tutorial_local_library_website\">Express 教程：本地图书馆网站</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Server-side/Express_Nodejs/skeleton_website\">Express 教程 2：创建站点框架</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Server-side/Express_Nodejs/mongoose\">Express 教程 3：使用数据库 (Mongoose)</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Server-side/Express_Nodejs/routes\">Express 教程 4：路由和控制器</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Server-side/Express_Nodejs/Displaying_data\">Express 教程 5: 呈现图书馆数据</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Server-side/Express_Nodejs/forms\">Express 教程 6: 使用表单</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Server-side/Express_Nodejs/deployment\">Express 教程 7: 部署到生产环境</a></li></ol></details></li><li class=\"section\"><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Common_questions\">更多资源</a></li><li><details><summary>常见问题</summary><ol><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Common_questions\">常见问题</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/HTML/Howto\">使用 HTML 解决常见问题</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/CSS/Howto\">解决常见的 CSS 问题</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/JavaScript/Howto\">解决 JavaSctript 代码的常见问题</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Common_questions/Web_mechanics\">Web 机制</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Common_questions/Tools_and_setup\">工具和安装</a></li><li><a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Common_questions/Design_and_accessibility\">设计与无障碍</a></li></ol></details></li></ol>","sidebarMacro":"LearnSidebar","body":[{"type":"prose","value":{"id":null,"title":null,"isH3":false,"content":"<ul class=\"prev-next\">\n <li><a class=\"button secondary\" href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/React_getting_started\"><span class=\"button-wrap\"> 上一页 </span></a></li>\n <li><a class=\"button secondary\" href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks\"><span class=\"button-wrap\"> 概述：理解客户端 JavaScript 框架</span></a></li>\n <li><a class=\"button secondary\" href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/React_components\"><span class=\"button-wrap\"> 下一页 </span></a></li>\n</ul>\n<p>假设我们的任务是在 React 中创建一个概念验证——一个允许用户添加、编辑和删除他们想做的任务的应用程序，并且在不删除任务的情况下将其标记为完成。这篇文章将引导你完成基本的 <code>App</code> 组件结构和样式，为以后添加的单个组件定义和交互性做好准备。</p>\n<div class=\"notecard note\">\n <p><strong>备注：</strong>如果你需要对照我们的版本检查你的代码，你可以在我们的 <a href=\"https://github.com/mdn/todo-react\" class=\"external\" target=\"_blank\">todo-react 仓库</a> 中找到一个完成版本的 React 应用代码。关于运行中的实时版本，参见 <a href=\"https://mdn.github.io/todo-react-build/\" class=\"external\" target=\"_blank\">https://mdn.github.io/todo-react-build/</a>.</p>\n</div>\n<figure class=\"table-container\"><table>\n <tbody>\n <tr>\n <th scope=\"row\">条件：</th>\n <td>\n <p>\n 熟悉核心 <a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/HTML\">HTML</a>、<a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/CSS\">CSS</a>\n 和 <a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/JavaScript\">JavaScript</a> 语言，了解<a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Understanding_client-side_tools/Command_line\">终端/命令行</a>。\n </p>\n </td>\n </tr>\n <tr>\n <th scope=\"row\">目标：</th>\n <td>介绍我们待办清单的案例，并获得基本的 <code>App</code> 结构和样式。</td>\n </tr>\n </tbody>\n</table></figure>"}},{"type":"prose","value":{"id":"用户故事","title":"用户故事","isH3":false,"content":"<p>在软件开发中，用户故事是从用户的角度出发的一个可操作的目标。在我们开始工作之前，定义用户故事将帮助我们集中精力开展工作。我们的应用程序应该满足以下的故事：</p>\n<p>作为一名用户，我可以</p>\n<ul>\n <li>读取任务清单。</li>\n <li>使用鼠标或键盘，添加一个任务。</li>\n <li>使用鼠标或键盘，将任何任务标记为已完成。</li>\n <li>使用鼠标或键盘，删除任何任务。</li>\n <li>使用鼠标或键盘，编辑任何任务。</li>\n <li>查看一个特定的任务子集：所有的任务、仅活动中的任务，或只有已完成的任务。</li>\n</ul>\n<p>我们将逐一处理这些故事。</p>"}},{"type":"prose","value":{"id":"开始前的清理","title":"开始前的清理","isH3":false,"content":"<p>create-react-app 添加了一些我们在项目中完全不会用到的文件。</p>\n<ul>\n <li>我们不打算写每个组件的样式表，所以首先从 <code>App.js</code> 的顶部删除 <code>App.css</code> 的导入。</li>\n <li>我们也不打算使用 <code>logo.svg</code> 文件，所以也要删除这个导入。</li>\n</ul>\n<p>然后，复制并粘贴以下命令到你的终端，删除一些不需要的文件。确保你是在应用程序的根目录下开始的！</p>\n<div class=\"code-example\"><div class=\"example-header\"><span class=\"language-name\">bash</span></div><pre class=\"brush: bash notranslate\"><code># Move into the src directory of your project\ncd src\n# Delete a few files\nrm -- App.test.js App.css logo.svg serviceWorker.js setupTests.js\n# Move back up to the root of the project\ncd ..\n</code></pre></div>\n<p>注意：</p>\n<ul>\n <li>我们要删除的两个文件是用来测试应用程序的。我们在这里不涉及测试。</li>\n <li>如果你停止了你的服务器来做上面提到的终端任务，你必须用 <code>npm start</code> 再次启动它。</li>\n</ul>"}},{"type":"prose","value":{"id":"项目启动代码","title":"项目启动代码","isH3":false,"content":"<p>作为这个项目的起点，我们将提供两样东西。一个 <code>App()</code> 函数来代替你现在的函数，还有一些 CSS 来改变你的应用程序的样式。</p>"}},{"type":"prose","value":{"id":"jsx","title":"JSX","isH3":true,"content":"<p>复制以下片段到你的剪贴板，然后粘贴到 <code>App.js</code> 中，使其取代现有的 <code>App()</code> 函数：</p>\n<div class=\"code-example\"><div class=\"example-header\"><span class=\"language-name\">js</span></div><pre class=\"brush: js notranslate\"><code>function App(props) {\n return (\n <div className=\"todoapp stack-large\">\n <h1>TodoMatic</h1>\n <form>\n <h2 className=\"label-wrapper\">\n <label htmlFor=\"new-todo-input\" className=\"label__lg\">\n What needs to be done?\n </label>\n </h2>\n <input\n type=\"text\"\n id=\"new-todo-input\"\n className=\"input input__lg\"\n name=\"text\"\n autoComplete=\"off\"\n />\n <button type=\"submit\" className=\"btn btn__primary btn__lg\">\n Add\n </button>\n </form>\n <div className=\"filters btn-group stack-exception\">\n <button type=\"button\" className=\"btn toggle-btn\" aria-pressed=\"true\">\n <span className=\"visually-hidden\">Show </span>\n <span>all</span>\n <span className=\"visually-hidden\"> tasks</span>\n </button>\n <button type=\"button\" className=\"btn toggle-btn\" aria-pressed=\"false\">\n <span className=\"visually-hidden\">Show </span>\n <span>Active</span>\n <span className=\"visually-hidden\"> tasks</span>\n </button>\n <button type=\"button\" className=\"btn toggle-btn\" aria-pressed=\"false\">\n <span className=\"visually-hidden\">Show </span>\n <span>Completed</span>\n <span className=\"visually-hidden\"> tasks</span>\n </button>\n </div>\n <h2 id=\"list-heading\">3 tasks remaining</h2>\n <ul\n role=\"list\"\n className=\"todo-list stack-large stack-exception\"\n aria-labelledby=\"list-heading\">\n <li className=\"todo stack-small\">\n <div className=\"c-cb\">\n <input id=\"todo-0\" type=\"checkbox\" defaultChecked={true} />\n <label className=\"todo-label\" htmlFor=\"todo-0\">\n Eat\n </label>\n </div>\n <div className=\"btn-group\">\n <button type=\"button\" className=\"btn\">\n Edit <span className=\"visually-hidden\">Eat</span>\n </button>\n <button type=\"button\" className=\"btn btn__danger\">\n Delete <span className=\"visually-hidden\">Eat</span>\n </button>\n </div>\n </li>\n <li className=\"todo stack-small\">\n <div className=\"c-cb\">\n <input id=\"todo-1\" type=\"checkbox\" />\n <label className=\"todo-label\" htmlFor=\"todo-1\">\n Sleep\n </label>\n </div>\n <div className=\"btn-group\">\n <button type=\"button\" className=\"btn\">\n Edit <span className=\"visually-hidden\">Sleep</span>\n </button>\n <button type=\"button\" className=\"btn btn__danger\">\n Delete <span className=\"visually-hidden\">Sleep</span>\n </button>\n </div>\n </li>\n <li className=\"todo stack-small\">\n <div className=\"c-cb\">\n <input id=\"todo-2\" type=\"checkbox\" />\n <label className=\"todo-label\" htmlFor=\"todo-2\">\n Repeat\n </label>\n </div>\n <div className=\"btn-group\">\n <button type=\"button\" className=\"btn\">\n Edit <span className=\"visually-hidden\">Repeat</span>\n </button>\n <button type=\"button\" className=\"btn btn__danger\">\n Delete <span className=\"visually-hidden\">Repeat</span>\n </button>\n </div>\n </li>\n </ul>\n </div>\n );\n}\n</code></pre></div>\n<p>现在打开 <code>public/index.html</code>，把 <a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Web/HTML/Element/title\"><code><title></code></a> 元素的文本改为 <code>TodoMatic</code> 。这样，它将与我们应用程序顶部的 <a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Web/HTML/Element/Heading_Elements\"><code><h1></code></a> 相匹配。</p>\n<div class=\"code-example\"><div class=\"example-header\"><span class=\"language-name\">html</span></div><pre class=\"brush: html notranslate\"><code><title>TodoMatic</title>\n</code></pre></div>\n<p>当你刷新浏览器时，你应该看到类似这样的东西：</p>\n<p>\n <img src=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/React_todo_list_beginning/unstyled-app.png\" alt=\"todo-matic app, unstyled, showing a jumbled mess of labels, inputs, and buttons\" width=\"838\" height=\"743\" loading=\"lazy\">\n</p>\n<p>它很难看，而且还没有功能，但这没关系——我们一会儿就会为它设计样式。首先，考虑一下我们的 JSX，以及它是如何与我们的用户故事相对应的。</p>\n<ul>\n <li>我们有一个 <a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Web/HTML/Element/form\"><code><form></code></a> 元素，有一个 <a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Web/HTML/Element/input/text\"><code><input type=\"text\"></code></a> 用于写出一个新任务，还有一个按钮用于提交表单。</li>\n <li>我们有一组按钮，用于筛选我们的任务。</li>\n <li>我们有一个标题，用于告诉我们还有多少任务。</li>\n <li>我们有三个任务，安排在一个无序的列表中。每项任务都是一个列表项（<a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Web/HTML/Element/li\"><code><li></code></a>），有编辑和删除的按钮，还有一个复选框可以将其勾选为完成。</li>\n</ul>\n<p>这些表格将允许我们<em>添加</em>任务；按钮让我们可以对任务进行<em>筛选</em>；我们通过标题和列表<em>查看</em>任务。用于<em>编辑</em>任务的 UI 目前很缺乏。这没关系——我们以后再写。</p>"}},{"type":"prose","value":{"id":"无障碍功能","title":"无障碍功能","isH3":true,"content":"<p>你可能会注意到这里有一些不寻常的属性。比如说：</p>\n<div class=\"code-example\"><div class=\"example-header\"><span class=\"language-name\">html</span></div><pre class=\"brush: html notranslate\"><code><button type=\"button\" className=\"btn toggle-btn\" aria-pressed=\"true\">\n <span className=\"visually-hidden\">Show </span>\n <span>all</span>\n <span className=\"visually-hidden\"> tasks</span>\n</button>\n</code></pre></div>\n<p>这里的 <code>aria-pressed</code> 告诉辅助技术（比如屏幕阅读器），该按钮可以有两种状态。<code>按压</code> 或 <code>未按压</code> 。可以把它们看作 <code>开</code> 和 <code>关</code> 。设置为 <code>true</code> 意味着该按钮默认是被按下的。</p>\n<p><code>visually-hidden</code> 这个类还没有效果，因为我们还没有包含任何 CSS。一旦我们把样式写好，任何带有这个类的元素都会被隐藏起来，视力正常的用户不会看到，而屏幕阅读器用户仍然可以使用——这是因为视力正常的用户不需要这些词；它们的存在是为了给没有额外视觉环境帮助的屏幕阅读器用户提供更多关于这个按钮的信息。</p>\n<p>再往下，你可以找到我们的 <a href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Web/HTML/Element/ul\"><code><ul></code></a> 元素：</p>\n<div class=\"code-example\"><div class=\"example-header\"><span class=\"language-name\">html</span></div><pre class=\"brush: html notranslate\"><code><ul\n role=\"list\"\n className=\"todo-list stack-large stack-exception\"\n aria-labelledby=\"list-heading\"></ul>\n</code></pre></div>\n<p><code>role</code> 属性帮助辅助技术解释一个标签代表哪种元素。默认情况下，<code><ul></code> 被视为一个列表，但我们即将添加的样式将改变它。添加 <code>role</code> 将恢复 <code>ul</code> 元素的“列表”含义。如果你想了解更多关于为什么要这样做，你可以看看 <a href=\"https://www.scottohara.me/blog/2019/01/12/lists-and-safari.html\" class=\"external\" target=\"_blank\">Scott O'Hara's article, \"Fixing Lists\"</a>.</p>\n<p><code>aria-labelledby</code> 属性告诉辅助技术，我们把列表标题当作标签，用来描述它下面的列表的目的。这种关联能让列表包含更多信息，这可以帮助屏幕阅读器用户更好地理解它的目的。</p>\n<p>最后，我们列表项中的标签和输入有一些 JSX 特有的属性：</p>\n<div class=\"code-example\"><div class=\"example-header\"><span class=\"language-name\">html</span></div><pre class=\"brush: html notranslate\"><code><input id=\"todo-0\" type=\"checkbox\" defaultChecked=\"{true}\" />\n<label className=\"todo-label\" htmlFor=\"todo-0\"> Eat </label>\n</code></pre></div>\n<p><code><input /></code> 标签中的 <code>defaultChecked</code> 属性告诉 React 最初要检查这个复选框。如果我们像在普通的 HTML 中那样使用 <code>checked</code>，React 会在浏览器控制台中记录一些与处理复选框事件有关的警告，这是我们不想要的。现在不用太担心这个问题——我们将在以后使用事件的时候讨论这个问题。</p>\n<p><code>htmlFor</code> 属性对应于 HTML 中使用的 <code>for</code> 属性。因为 <code>for</code> 是一个保留词，我们不能在 JSX 中使用 <code>for</code> 作为属性，所以 React 使用 <code>htmlFor</code> 代替。</p>\n<p>说明：</p>\n<ul>\n <li>要在 JSX 属性中使用布尔值（<code>true</code> 和 <code>false</code>），你必须用大括号把它们括起来。如果你写 <code>defaultChecked=\"true\"</code>，<code>defaultChecked</code> 的值将是 <code>\"true\"</code>——一个字符串字面。记住——这实际上是 JavaScript，而不是 HTML!</li>\n <li>在前面的代码片段中使用的 <code>aria-pressed</code> 属性的值是 <code>\"true\"</code>，因为 <code>aria-pressed</code> 不是像 <code>checked</code> 那样是一个真正的布尔属性。</li>\n</ul>"}},{"type":"prose","value":{"id":"实现样式","title":"实现样式","isH3":true,"content":"<p>将下面的 CSS 代码粘贴到 <code>src/index.css</code> 中，使其取代当前的内容：</p>\n<div class=\"code-example\"><div class=\"example-header\"><span class=\"language-name\">css</span></div><pre class=\"brush: css notranslate\"><code>/* RESETS */\n*,\n*::before,\n*::after {\n box-sizing: border-box;\n}\n*:focus {\n outline: 3px dashed #228bec;\n outline-offset: 0;\n}\nhtml {\n font: 62.5% / 1.15 sans-serif;\n}\nh1,\nh2 {\n margin-bottom: 0;\n}\nul {\n list-style: none;\n padding: 0;\n}\nbutton {\n border: none;\n margin: 0;\n padding: 0;\n width: auto;\n overflow: visible;\n background: transparent;\n color: inherit;\n font: inherit;\n line-height: normal;\n -webkit-font-smoothing: inherit;\n -moz-osx-font-smoothing: inherit;\n -webkit-appearance: none;\n}\nbutton::-moz-focus-inner {\n border: 0;\n}\nbutton,\ninput,\noptgroup,\nselect,\ntextarea {\n font-family: inherit;\n font-size: 100%;\n line-height: 1.15;\n margin: 0;\n}\nbutton,\ninput {\n overflow: visible;\n}\ninput[type=\"text\"] {\n border-radius: 0;\n}\nbody {\n width: 100%;\n max-width: 68rem;\n margin: 0 auto;\n font:\n 1.6rem/1.25 Arial,\n sans-serif;\n background-color: #f5f5f5;\n color: #4d4d4d;\n}\n@media screen and (min-width: 620px) {\n body {\n font-size: 1.9rem;\n line-height: 1.31579;\n }\n}\n/*END RESETS*/\n/* GLOBAL STYLES */\n.form-group > input[type=\"text\"] {\n display: inline-block;\n margin-top: 0.4rem;\n}\n.btn {\n padding: 0.8rem 1rem 0.7rem;\n border: 0.2rem solid #4d4d4d;\n cursor: pointer;\n text-transform: capitalize;\n}\n.btn.toggle-btn {\n border-width: 1px;\n border-color: #d3d3d3;\n}\n.btn.toggle-btn[aria-pressed=\"true\"] {\n text-decoration: underline;\n border-color: #4d4d4d;\n}\n.btn__danger {\n color: #fff;\n background-color: #ca3c3c;\n border-color: #bd2130;\n}\n.btn__filter {\n border-color: lightgrey;\n}\n.btn__primary {\n color: #fff;\n background-color: #000;\n}\n.btn-group {\n display: flex;\n justify-content: space-between;\n}\n.btn-group > * {\n flex: 1 1 49%;\n}\n.btn-group > * + * {\n margin-left: 0.8rem;\n}\n.label-wrapper {\n margin: 0;\n flex: 0 0 100%;\n text-align: center;\n}\n.visually-hidden {\n position: absolute !important;\n height: 1px;\n width: 1px;\n overflow: hidden;\n clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px);\n clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);\n white-space: nowrap;\n}\n[class*=\"stack\"] > * {\n margin-top: 0;\n margin-bottom: 0;\n}\n.stack-small > * + * {\n margin-top: 1.25rem;\n}\n.stack-large > * + * {\n margin-top: 2.5rem;\n}\n@media screen and (min-width: 550px) {\n .stack-small > * + * {\n margin-top: 1.4rem;\n }\n .stack-large > * + * {\n margin-top: 2.8rem;\n }\n}\n.stack-exception {\n margin-top: 1.2rem;\n}\n/* END GLOBAL STYLES */\n.todoapp {\n background: #fff;\n margin: 2rem 0 4rem 0;\n padding: 1rem;\n position: relative;\n box-shadow:\n 0 2px 4px 0 rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2),\n 0 2.5rem 5rem 0 rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);\n}\n@media screen and (min-width: 550px) {\n .todoapp {\n padding: 4rem;\n }\n}\n.todoapp > * {\n max-width: 50rem;\n margin-left: auto;\n margin-right: auto;\n}\n.todoapp > form {\n max-width: 100%;\n}\n.todoapp > h1 {\n display: block;\n max-width: 100%;\n text-align: center;\n margin: 0;\n margin-bottom: 1rem;\n}\n.label__lg {\n line-height: 1.01567;\n font-weight: 300;\n padding: 0.8rem;\n margin-bottom: 1rem;\n text-align: center;\n}\n.input__lg {\n padding: 2rem;\n border: 2px solid #000;\n}\n.input__lg:focus {\n border-color: #4d4d4d;\n box-shadow: inset 0 0 0 2px;\n}\n[class*=\"__lg\"] {\n display: inline-block;\n width: 100%;\n font-size: 1.9rem;\n}\n[class*=\"__lg\"]:not(:last-child) {\n margin-bottom: 1rem;\n}\n@media screen and (min-width: 620px) {\n [class*=\"__lg\"] {\n font-size: 2.4rem;\n }\n}\n.filters {\n width: 100%;\n margin: unset auto;\n}\n/* Todo item styles */\n.todo {\n display: flex;\n flex-direction: row;\n flex-wrap: wrap;\n}\n.todo > * {\n flex: 0 0 100%;\n}\n.todo-text {\n width: 100%;\n min-height: 4.4rem;\n padding: 0.4rem 0.8rem;\n border: 2px solid #565656;\n}\n.todo-text:focus {\n box-shadow: inset 0 0 0 2px;\n}\n/* CHECKBOX STYLES */\n.c-cb {\n box-sizing: border-box;\n font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\n -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;\n font-weight: 400;\n font-size: 1.6rem;\n line-height: 1.25;\n display: block;\n position: relative;\n min-height: 44px;\n padding-left: 40px;\n clear: left;\n}\n.c-cb > label::before,\n.c-cb > input[type=\"checkbox\"] {\n box-sizing: border-box;\n top: -2px;\n left: -2px;\n width: 44px;\n height: 44px;\n}\n.c-cb > input[type=\"checkbox\"] {\n -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;\n cursor: pointer;\n position: absolute;\n z-index: 1;\n margin: 0;\n opacity: 0;\n}\n.c-cb > label {\n font-size: inherit;\n font-family: inherit;\n line-height: inherit;\n display: inline-block;\n margin-bottom: 0;\n padding: 8px 15px 5px;\n cursor: pointer;\n touch-action: manipulation;\n}\n.c-cb > label::before {\n content: \"\";\n position: absolute;\n border: 2px solid currentcolor;\n background: transparent;\n}\n.c-cb > input[type=\"checkbox\"]:focus + label::before {\n border-width: 4px;\n outline: 3px dashed #228bec;\n}\n.c-cb > label::after {\n box-sizing: content-box;\n content: \"\";\n position: absolute;\n top: 11px;\n left: 9px;\n width: 18px;\n height: 7px;\n transform: rotate(-45deg);\n border: solid;\n border-width: 0 0 5px 5px;\n border-top-color: transparent;\n opacity: 0;\n background: transparent;\n}\n.c-cb > input[type=\"checkbox\"]:checked + label::after {\n opacity: 1;\n}\n</code></pre></div>\n<p>保存并刷新浏览器，你的应用程序现在应该有正常的样式。</p>"}},{"type":"prose","value":{"id":"总结","title":"总结","isH3":false,"content":"<p>现在，我们的待办清单应用程序终于看起来像一个真正的应用程序了！问题是：它实际上什么都没做。我们将在下一章开始解决这个问题。</p><ul class=\"prev-next\">\n <li><a class=\"button secondary\" href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/React_getting_started\"><span class=\"button-wrap\"> 上一页 </span></a></li>\n <li><a class=\"button secondary\" href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks\"><span class=\"button-wrap\"> 概述：理解客户端 JavaScript 框架</span></a></li>\n <li><a class=\"button secondary\" href=\"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/React_components\"><span class=\"button-wrap\"> 下一页 </span></a></li>\n</ul>"}}],"toc":[{"text":"用户故事","id":"用户故事"},{"text":"开始前的清理","id":"开始前的清理"},{"text":"项目启动代码","id":"项目启动代码"},{"text":"总结","id":"总结"}],"summary":"假设我们的任务是在 React 中创建一个概念验证——一个允许用户添加、编辑和删除他们想做的任务的应用程序，并且在不删除任务的情况下将其标记为完成。这篇文章将引导你完成基本的 App 组件结构和样式，为以后添加的单个组件定义和交互性做好准备。","popularity":0,"modified":"2024-07-27T03:21:20.000Z","other_translations":[{"locale":"de","title":"Beginn unserer React-Task-Liste","native":"Deutsch"},{"locale":"en-US","title":"Beginning our React todo list","native":"English (US)"},{"locale":"fr","title":"Commencer notre liste de tâches en React","native":"Français"},{"locale":"ja","title":"React ToDoリストをはじめる","native":"日本語"},{"locale":"ko","title":"React todo list 시작하기","native":"한국어"},{"locale":"zh-TW","title":"Beginning our React todo list","native":"正體中文 (繁體)"}],"pageType":"unknown","source":{"folder":"zh-cn/learn/tools_and_testing/client-side_javascript_frameworks/react_todo_list_beginning","github_url":"https://github.com/mdn/translated-content/blob/main/files/zh-cn/learn/tools_and_testing/client-side_javascript_frameworks/react_todo_list_beginning/index.md","last_commit_url":"https://github.com/mdn/translated-content/commit/6ec5a237611743b565003deb101b9edcb2f3135e","filename":"index.md"},"short_title":"开始我们的 React 待办清单","parents":[{"uri":"/zh-CN/docs/Learn","title":"学习 Web 开发"},{"uri":"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing","title":"工具和测试"},{"uri":"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks","title":"理解客户端 JavaScript 框架"},{"uri":"/zh-CN/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Client-side_JavaScript_frameworks/React_todo_list_beginning","title":"开始我们的 React 待办清单"}],"pageTitle":"开始我们的 React 待办清单 - 学习 Web 开发 | MDN","noIndexing":false}}</script></body></html>