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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/81/Theories_of_Surplus_Value.jpg/200px-Theories_of_Surplus_Value.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="295" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/8/81/Theories_of_Surplus_Value.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="260" data-file-height="383" /></a><figcaption>1969 Progress Publishers edition</figcaption></figure> <p><i><b>Theories of Surplus Value</b></i> (<a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a>: <i lang="de">Theorien über den Mehrwert</i>) is a draft manuscript written by <a href="/wiki/Karl_Marx" title="Karl Marx">Karl Marx</a> between January 1862 and July 1863.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is mainly concerned with the <a href="/wiki/Western_Europe" title="Western Europe">Western European</a> theorizing about <i>Mehrwert</i> (added value or <a href="/wiki/Surplus_value" title="Surplus value">surplus value</a>) from about 1750, critically examining the ideas of British, French and German political economists about wealth creation and the profitability of industries.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At issue are the source, forms and determinants of the magnitude of surplus-value<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Marx tries to explain how after failing to solve basic contradictions in its <a href="/wiki/Labor_theories_of_value" class="mw-redirect" title="Labor theories of value">labour theories of value</a> the <a href="/wiki/Classical_economics" title="Classical economics">classical school</a> of <a href="/wiki/Political_economy" title="Political economy">political economy</a> eventually broke up, leaving only "vulgar political economy" which no longer tried to provide a consistent, integral theory of capitalism, but instead offered only an eclectic amalgam of theories which seemed pragmatically useful or which justified the rationality of the <a href="/wiki/Market_economy" title="Market economy">market economy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Theories_of_Surplus_Value&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Theories of Surplus Value</i> was part of the large <i>Economic Manuscripts of 1861–1863</i>, entitled by Marx <i>A Contribution to the Critique of Political Economy</i> and written as the immediate sequel to the first part of <i><a href="/wiki/A_Contribution_to_the_Critique_of_Political_Economy" title="A Contribution to the Critique of Political Economy">A Contribution to the Critique of Political Economy</a></i> published in 1859. The total 1861–1863 manuscript consists of 23 notebooks (the pages numbered consecutively from 1 to 1472) running to some 200 printed sheets in length. It is the first systematically worked out draft of all four volumes of <i>Capital</i>, although still only rough and incomplete. <i>Theories of Surplus Value</i> forms the longest (about 110 printed sheets) and most fully elaborated part of this huge manuscript, and it is the first and only draft of the fourth, concluding <a href="/wiki/Capital,_Volume_IV" class="mw-redirect" title="Capital, Volume IV">volume of <i>Das Kapital</i></a>. As distinguished from the three theoretical volumes of <i>Das Kapital</i>, Marx called this volume the historical, historico-critical, or historico-literary part of his work.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Marx4.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Marx4.jpg/200px-Marx4.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="321" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Marx4.jpg/300px-Marx4.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Marx4.jpg/400px-Marx4.jpg 2x" data-file-width="638" data-file-height="1024" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Karl_Marx" title="Karl Marx">Karl Marx</a> as he appeared in the 1860s</figcaption></figure> <p>Marx began to write <i>Theories of Surplus Value</i> within the framework of the original plan of his <i>Critique of Political Economy</i> as he had projected in 1858–1862. On the basis of what Marx says about the structure of his work in his introduction to the first part of <i>A Contribution to the Critique of Political Economy</i>, in his letters of 1858–1862 and in the 1861–1863 manuscript itself, this plan titled <i>Plan for the Critique of Political Economy</i> can be presented in the following schematic form as projected by Marx in 1858–1862: </p> <ol><li>Capital: <ol><li>Introduction: Commodity and Money</li> <li>Capital in general: <ol><li>The production process of capital: <ol><li>Transformation of money into capital</li> <li>Absolute surplus-value</li> <li>Relative surplus-value</li> <li>The combination of both</li> <li>Theories of surplus-value</li></ol></li> <li>The circulation process of capital</li> <li>The unity of the two, or capital and profit</li></ol></li> <li>The competition of capitals</li> <li>Credit</li> <li>Share capital</li></ol></li> <li>Landed property</li> <li>Wage-labour</li> <li>The state</li> <li>Foreign trade</li> <li>The world-market</li></ol> <p><i>Theories of Surplus Value</i> was originally conceived by Marx only as a historical excursion in the section of his theoretical study of "capital in general". This was to conclude the section on the process of production of capital. This ambitious plan proved to be more than Marx could undertake as he was effectively burned out before he had completed the study of capital. Even the publication of <i>Theories of Surplus Value</i> did not make all of Marx's writing on political economy available to the public and this task was only fulfilled decades later with the publication of the <i><a href="/wiki/Grundrisse" title="Grundrisse">Grundrisse</a></i>, the <i>Results of the Immediate Production Process</i> and various other manuscripts. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Publication_history">Publication history</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Theories_of_Surplus_Value&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Publication history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Marx_-_Theorien_%C3%BCber_den_Mehrwert,_1956_-_5708926.tif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Marx_-_Theorien_%C3%BCber_den_Mehrwert%2C_1956_-_5708926.tif/lossy-page1-220px-Marx_-_Theorien_%C3%BCber_den_Mehrwert%2C_1956_-_5708926.tif.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="362" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Marx_-_Theorien_%C3%BCber_den_Mehrwert%2C_1956_-_5708926.tif/lossy-page1-330px-Marx_-_Theorien_%C3%BCber_den_Mehrwert%2C_1956_-_5708926.tif.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Marx_-_Theorien_%C3%BCber_den_Mehrwert%2C_1956_-_5708926.tif/lossy-page1-440px-Marx_-_Theorien_%C3%BCber_den_Mehrwert%2C_1956_-_5708926.tif.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2027" data-file-height="3337" /></a><figcaption><i>Theorien über den Mehrwert</i>, 1956</figcaption></figure> <p>In his preface (dated 5 May 1885) to his edition of <a href="/wiki/Capital,_Volume_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Capital, Volume II">Volume II</a> of <i><a href="/wiki/Das_Kapital" title="Das Kapital">Das Kapital</a></i> and in several letters during the following ten years, <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Engels" title="Friedrich Engels">Friedrich Engels</a> had indicated his intention to publish the manuscript of <i>Theories of Surplus Value</i>, which was to form <a href="/wiki/Capital,_Volume_IV" class="mw-redirect" title="Capital, Volume IV">Volume IV</a>. However, although he succeeded in publishing the second and third volume of <i>Das Kapital</i>, Engels was unable to publish the <i>Theories</i> before he died in 1895. </p> <ul><li>In 1905–1910, <a href="/wiki/Karl_Kautsky" title="Karl Kautsky">Karl Kautsky</a> published a first edited version of Marx’s manuscript in three volumes (1,754 pages; the second volume consists of two separate parts), with Dietz publishers in Stuttgart. However, Kautsky rearranged the original sequence of topics discussed in the notebooks and deleted or modified some text. For this reason, his edition is not regarded as a scientifically accurate rendering of Marx's thought (although it sheds light on how Kautsky understood Marx). Kautsky’s first volume of Marx’s notes dealt with the <a href="/wiki/Theory_of_surplus_value" class="mw-redirect" title="Theory of surplus value">theories of surplus value</a> up to <a href="/wiki/Adam_Smith" title="Adam Smith">Adam Smith</a>, the second volume with <a href="/wiki/David_Ricardo" title="David Ricardo">David Ricardo</a> (in two parts) and the final one with the breakup of the Ricardian school and "vulgar economics". This edition is out of print and rare.</li> <li>In 1923, David Riazanov (Ryazanov) of the <a href="/wiki/Marx%E2%80%93Engels_Institute" class="mw-redirect" title="Marx–Engels Institute">Marx–Engels Institute</a> in Moscow (the predecessor of the <a href="/wiki/Marx%E2%80%93Engels%E2%80%93Lenin_Institute" title="Marx–Engels–Lenin Institute">Marx–Engels–Lenin Institute</a>) purchased many of Marx's original manuscripts and many other 19th century socialist archives with generous finance from the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_government" class="mw-redirect" title="Soviet government">Soviet government</a>, including the <i>Theories of Surplus Value.</i> From that point on, the access to, the editing and the publication of the text was under the control of the Russian and East German communist authorities. After 1991, the manuscript was transferred to the Russian Center for Preservation and Study of Records of Modern History (RTsKhIDNI) and since the late 1990s it is stored with the centralized <a href="/wiki/Russian_State_Archive_of_Socio-Political_History" title="Russian State Archive of Socio-Political History">Russian State Archive of Socio-Political History</a> (<i>Rossiiskii gosudarstvennyi arkhiv sotsial'no-politicheskoi istorii</i> [RGASPI]) in Moscow.</li> <li>A full translation of Kautsky's German edition into French was made by Jules Molitor and published in 1924–1925 by A. Costes.</li> <li>The first Japanese translation of <i>Theories of Surplus Value</i> appears to have been made in the 1920s.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another was made in the 1930s by Zenya Takashima (1904–1990), who taught at Tokyo University of Commerce/Hitotsubashi University, but the manuscript of this translation was seized when he was arrested and it was lost.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>A Spanish translation was made by <a href="/wiki/Wenceslao_Roces" title="Wenceslao Roces">Wenceslao Roces</a> and published in Mexico City in 1945 under the title <i>Historia crítica de la teoría de la plusvalía</i>. New Spanish editions were published in 1974 (Madrid: Alberto Corazon), 1977 (Barcelona: Crítica, prepared by Manuel Sacristán Luzón), 1978 (Havana: La Habana Editorial de Ciencias Sociales, translated by Mario Díaz Godoy), 1980 (México: Fondo de Cultura Económica) and 1998–2000 (San Diego: Fondo de Cultura Economica USA).</li> <li>In 1949, Shanghai Dushu and Shenghuo Publishing House published a Chinese translation of <i>Theories of Surplus Value</i> by Guo Dali (Kuo Ta-li).<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>An Italian edition of Kautsky's version was published in 1954–1958, titled <i>Storia delle teori economiche</i>. The translator was E. Conti and the English professor <a href="/wiki/Maurice_Dobb" title="Maurice Dobb">Maurice Dobb</a> wrote an introduction. There was a reprint in 1971. In 1974, a new Italian translation was published by Newton Compton Editori in Rome. It was translated by Lida Locatelli and introduced by <a href="/wiki/Lucio_Colletti" title="Lucio Colletti">Lucio Colletti</a>.</li> <li>In 1951, G. A. Bonner and E. Burns published an English translation of excerpts from the German volumes published by Kautsky, with Lawrence & Wishart in London and International Publishers in New York.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is out of print.</li> <li>A complete English translation by Terence McCarthy of the French edition of Kautsky's first volume was published by Langland Press (New York, 1952) under the title <i>A History of Economic Theories: From the Physiocrats to Adam Smith</i>, but translations of the subsequent volumes never appeared. It is out of print and rare. However, Literary Licensing LLC made available print-on-demand copies since 2011.</li> <li>A complete, annotated three-volume edition was first published in German (1956, 1959, 1962) by the Institute of Marxism–Leninism of the <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Unity_Party_of_Germany" title="Socialist Unity Party of Germany">Socialist Unity Party</a> in <a href="/wiki/East_Germany" title="East Germany">East Germany</a>. The text was subsequently included in the <i>Marx Engels Werke</i> published by Dietz in Volumes 26.1 (1965), 26.2 (1967) and 26.3 (1968). Like the Kautsky edition which it imitates to an extent, the East German edition rearranged the original text under various topic headings. This version is regarded as more accurate and complete than Kautsky's, but it still lacks the sequence of the original manuscripts and is not a completely literal translation. It is now out of print.</li> <li>A Russian edition was first published in Moscow as Marx-Engels, <i>Collected Works</i>, Volumes 26.1 (1962), 26.2 (1963) and 26.3 (1964).</li> <li>Progress Publishers in Moscow together with the London publisher Lawrence & Wishart published an annotated English edition of the whole manuscript based on the East German one. It came out in three volumes (1963, 1968, 1971), edited by S. Ryazanskaya, translated by Renate Simpson and others. This English version, just like the East German and Russian ones, rearranges the sequence of material in the original manuscripts under various new headings (often rendered in square brackets). This edition was also published in various other languages by Progress Publishers and others. It is now out of print.</li></ul> <p><b>* The definitive German edition of <i>Theories of surplus value</i> is published in the <i>Marx-Engels Gesamtausgabe</i> (MEGA II), section II, parts 3.2 (1977), 3.3 (1978) and 3.4 (1979). A literal, annotated rendering of the original manuscripts is provided in the original sequence. This edition is still available.</b> </p><p><b>* The whole text appeared again also in the English <i><a href="/wiki/Marx/Engels_Collected_Works" title="Marx/Engels Collected Works">Marx/Engels Collected Works</a></i>, Volumes 30 (1988), 31 (1989), 32 (1989), 33 (1991) and 34 (1994). This English version is based on the 1977–1979 German MEGA II edition. It maintains the sequence of the text in the original manuscripts and therefore differs substantially from the 1963 Progress edition and earlier editions. This MECW version is the most complete edition available in English. Although it went out of print, Lawrence & Wishart and International Publishers still sell many volumes in the series (digital editions are sometimes made available online).</b> </p> <ul><li>In 1980, a French edition of the 1861–1863 notebooks I to V was published by Jean-Pierre Lefebvre in association with Gilbert Badia, Étienne Balibar, Jean-François Cailleux and Michel Espagne.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The Progress Publishers and Lawrence & Wishart English edition was brought back into print by <a href="/wiki/Prometheus_Books" title="Prometheus Books">Prometheus Books</a> in 2000 as a one 1,605 page volume. This edition is now also out of print.</li> <li>In 2013, Pine Flag Books (Boston) published a Kindle digital version of the three-volume Progress Publishers English edition edited by Gene Ogorodov.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Theories_of_Surplus_Value&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Enrique Dussel (Spring 2001). "The four drafts of Capital. Towards a new interpretation of the dialectical thought of Marx". <i>Rethinking Marxism</i>. Vol. 13. No. 1. pp. 10–25.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Allen Oakley (1985). <i>Marx's Critique of Political Economy</i>. London: Routledge.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ronald L. Meek (1949). <i>The Development of the Concept of Surplus in Economic Thought from Mun to Mill</i>. Phd dissertation. Cambridge University.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Karin Wetzig (1980). <i>Die theoriengeschichtlichen Lehren aus Karl Marx' "Theorien über den Mehrwert" für die Geschichte der Politischen Ökonomie</i>. Phd dissertation in economics. University of Leipzig.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Dietmar Scholz (1981). <i>Zum Platz der "Theorien über den Mehrwert", IV. vierter Band des "Kapital", im philosophischen Denken von Karl Marx</i>. Phd dissertation in economic history. University of Jena.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFPreface1923" class="citation book cs1">Preface (1923). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1863/theories-surplus-value/preface.htm"><i>Theories of Surplus Value</i></a>. Moscow: Progress Publishers.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Theories+of+Surplus+Value&rft.place=Moscow&rft.pub=Progress+Publishers&rft.date=1923&rft.au=Preface&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.marxists.org%2Farchive%2Fmarx%2Fworks%2F1863%2Ftheories-surplus-value%2Fpreface.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATheories+of+Surplus+Value" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Maurice Dobb (December 1952). "Review of A History of Economic Theories and Theories of Surplus Value by Karl Marx". <i>American Economic Review</i>. Vol. 42. No. 5. pp. 909–912.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Keith Tribe; <a href="/wiki/Hiroshi_Mizuta" title="Hiroshi Mizuta">Hiroshi Mizuta</a>, eds. (2002). <i>A Critical Bibliography of Adam Smith</i>. London: Routledge. p. 204.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Beijing Review</i> (1983). Vol. 26. p. 23.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">T. W. Hutchison (February 1953). "Theories of Surplus Value by Karl Marx; Karl Kautsky; G. A. Bonner; Emile Burns". <i>Economica</i>. New Series. Vol. 20. No. 77. pp. 81–83.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jean-Pierre Lefebvre (ed.); Gilbert Badia; Étienne Balibar; Jean-François Cailleux; Michel Espagne (1980). <i>Karl Marx: Manuscrits de 1861-1863, cahiers I à V. Contribution à la critique de l'économie politique</i>. Paris: Editions Sociales.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Theories_of_Surplus_Value&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>A. Anikin (1975). <i>A Science in Its Youth: Pre-Marxian Political Economy</i>. Moscow: Progress Publishers.</li> <li>Simon Clarke (1982). <i>Marx, Marginalism and Modern Sociology: From Adam Smith to Max Weber</i>. London: Macmillan.</li> <li>John Eatwell (Fall 1974). "Controversies in the theory of surplus value: old and new". <i>Science & Society</i>. Vol. 38. No. 3. pp. 281–303.</li> <li>E. K. Hunt (2002), <i>Property and Prophets: The Evolution of Economic Institutions and Ideologies</i>, 7th edition. M. E. Sharpe.</li> <li>E. K. Hunt; Mark Lautzenheiser (2011). <i>History of Economic Thought. A Critical Perspective</i>. 3rd edition. New York: ME. Sharpe.</li> <li>Isaak Illich Rubin (1979). <i>A History of Economic Thought</i>. London: Ink Links.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Theories_of_Surplus_Value&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The out-of-print Progress Publishers English edition of <i>Theories of Surplus Value</i> is available online: </p> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1863/theories-surplus-value/">Karl Marx, Theories of Surplus Value</a></li></ul> <p>Scanned <a href="/wiki/PDF" title="PDF">PDFs</a> of it also exist in English translation from <a href="/wiki/Progress_Publishers" title="Progress Publishers">Progress Publishers</a>: </p> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/marxtsvpart1">Part I</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/marxtsvpart2">Part II</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/marxtsvpart3">Part III</a></li></ul> <p><br /> </p> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Works_by_Karl_Marx_and_Friedrich_Engels" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Marx/Engels" title="Template:Marx/Engels"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Marx/Engels" title="Template talk:Marx/Engels"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Marx/Engels" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Marx/Engels"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Works_by_Karl_Marx_and_Friedrich_Engels" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Works by <a href="/wiki/Karl_Marx" title="Karl Marx">Karl Marx</a> and <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Engels" title="Friedrich Engels">Friedrich Engels</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Marx</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Das_Kapital" title="Das Kapital">Das Kapital</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Das_Kapital,_Volume_I" title="Das Kapital, Volume I">Das Kapital, Volume I</a></i> (1867)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Das_Kapital,_Volume_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Das Kapital, Volume II">Das Kapital, Volume II</a></i> (1885, posthumous)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Das_Kapital,_Volume_III" class="mw-redirect" title="Das Kapital, Volume III">Das Kapital, Volume III</a></i> (1894, posthumous)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other works</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Scorpion_and_Felix" title="Scorpion and Felix">Scorpion and Felix</a></i> (1837)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Oulanem" title="Oulanem">Oulanem</a></i> (1839)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Difference_Between_the_Democritean_and_Epicurean_Philosophy_of_Nature" title="The Difference Between the Democritean and Epicurean Philosophy of Nature">The Difference Between the Democritean and Epicurean Philosophy of Nature</a></i> (1841)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Philosophical_Manifesto_of_the_Historical_School_of_Law" title="The Philosophical Manifesto of the Historical School of Law">The Philosophical Manifesto of the Historical School of Law</a>" (1842)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Critique_of_Hegel%27s_Philosophy_of_Right" title="Critique of Hegel's Philosophy of Right">Critique of Hegel's Philosophy of Right</a></i> (1843, published 1927)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/On_the_Jewish_Question" title="On the Jewish Question">On the Jewish Question</a>" (1843)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Notes_on_James_Mill" title="Notes on James Mill">Notes on James Mill</a>" (1844)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Economic_and_Philosophic_Manuscripts_of_1844" title="Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844">Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844</a></i> (1844, published 1932)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Theses_on_Feuerbach" title="Theses on Feuerbach">Theses on Feuerbach</a>" (1845, published 1888)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Poverty_of_Philosophy" title="The Poverty of Philosophy">The Poverty of Philosophy</a></i> (1847)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Wage_Labour_and_Capital" title="Wage Labour and Capital">Wage Labour and Capital</a>" (1847)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Class_Struggles_in_France,_1848%E2%80%931850" title="The Class Struggles in France, 1848–1850">The Class Struggles in France, 1848–1850</a></i> (1850)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Eighteenth_Brumaire_of_Louis_Bonaparte" title="The Eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Bonaparte">The Eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Bonaparte</a></i> (1852)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Grundrisse" title="Grundrisse">Grundrisse</a></i> (1857, published 1939)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Contribution_to_the_Critique_of_Political_Economy" title="A Contribution to the Critique of Political Economy">A Contribution to the Critique of Political Economy</a></i> (1859)</li> <li><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Theories of Surplus Value</a></i> (three volumes, 1862)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Value,_Price_and_Profit" title="Value, Price and Profit">Value, Price and Profit</a>" (1865)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Belgian_Massacres" title="The Belgian Massacres">The Belgian Massacres</a>" (1869)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Civil_War_in_France" title="The Civil War in France">The Civil War in France</a>" (1871)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Critique_of_the_Gotha_Programme" title="Critique of the Gotha Programme">Critique of the Gotha Programme</a></i> (1875)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mathematical_manuscripts_of_Karl_Marx" title="Mathematical manuscripts of Karl Marx">Mathematical manuscripts of Karl Marx</a></i> (1968)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marx%27s_notebooks_on_the_history_of_technology" title="Marx's notebooks on the history of technology">Marx's notebooks on the history of technology</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Marx and<br />Engels</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Holy_Family_(book)" title="The Holy Family (book)">The Holy Family</a></i> (1844)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_German_Ideology" title="The German Ideology">The German Ideology</a></i> (1845, published 1932)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Communist_Manifesto" title="The Communist Manifesto">The Communist Manifesto</a></i> (1848)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Civil_War_in_the_United_States" title="The Civil War in the United States">The Civil War in the United States</a></i> (1861)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Engels</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Condition_of_the_Working_Class_in_England" title="The Condition of the Working Class in England">The Condition of the Working Class in England</a></i> (1845)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Principles_of_Communism" title="The Principles of Communism">Principles of Communism</a></i> (1847)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Peasant_War_in_Germany" title="The Peasant War in Germany">The Peasant War in Germany</a></i> (1850)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Part_Played_by_Labour_in_the_Transition_from_Ape_to_Man" title="The Part Played by Labour in the Transition from Ape to Man">The Part Played by Labour in the Transition from Ape to Man</a>" (1876)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Anti-D%C3%BChring" title="Anti-Dühring">Anti-Dühring</a></i> (1878)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Socialism:_Utopian_and_Scientific" title="Socialism: Utopian and Scientific">Socialism: Utopian and Scientific</a></i> (1880)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dialectics_of_Nature" title="Dialectics of Nature">Dialectics of Nature</a></i> (1883)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Origin_of_the_Family,_Private_Property_and_the_State" title="The Origin of the Family, Private Property and the State">The Origin of the Family, Private Property, and the State</a></i> (1884)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ludwig_Feuerbach_and_the_End_of_Classical_German_Philosophy" title="Ludwig Feuerbach and the End of Classical German Philosophy">Ludwig Feuerbach and the End of Classical German Philosophy</a></i> (1886)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Contribution_to_the_History_of_Primitive_Christianity" title="A Contribution to the History of Primitive Christianity">A Contribution to the History of Primitive Christianity</a></i> (1894)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Revolution_and_Counter-Revolution_in_Germany" title="Revolution and Counter-Revolution in Germany">Revolution and Counter-Revolution in Germany</a></i> (1896, posthumous)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Collections</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Marx/Engels_Collected_Works" title="Marx/Engels Collected Works">Marx/Engels Collected Works</a></i> (1975–2004)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Marx-Engels-Gesamtausgabe" title="Marx-Engels-Gesamtausgabe">Marx-Engels-Gesamtausgabe</a></i> (1975–today)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Karl_Marx_Library" title="Karl Marx Library">Karl Marx Library</a></i> (1971–1977)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Theories_of_Surplus_Value&oldid=1253687011">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Theories_of_Surplus_Value&oldid=1253687011</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a 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