CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '9136681348f2ce55',cH: 'EvjNjIcn3xFUioeOaKpjBgXhgkYQ2plfF8x7.QLWeAU-1739801905-1.2.1.1-2KI3xri2yksGOIaKXTYvUhi0AHr2D9IldCWHfEgHtH0sfi41OWW94ZehpmblTbIB',cUPMDTk: "\/1368\/apa?__cf_chl_tk=BMzzUTYgziynLiQ.fiRqY78SKNhrkjF4ohB7BngWOhE-1739801905-1.0.1.1-Hj_FJu7bJqmWmsPWJbUI6RAh4A319oj94z8Ha4QWwMU",cFPWv: 'g',cITimeS: '1739801905',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/1368\/apa?__cf_chl_f_tk=BMzzUTYgziynLiQ.fiRqY78SKNhrkjF4ohB7BngWOhE-1739801905-1.0.1.1-Hj_FJu7bJqmWmsPWJbUI6RAh4A319oj94z8Ha4QWwMU",md: "9lwVKCKiBhmI79h1B28YykOcFNmhgI97P.5aDkAiyJQ-1739801905-1.2.1.1-jhjR8KVJzhzZoLWVWHokxiCTrk0YVoXxUs2MeWa2xcSq.4gO3y7lMg6RvMUcgVFWLnchWINCgvtAozo1rBCdwgxJ_9xngdf7ec9DJenfMl1dOvRMgyipPqrUsI3.AB.7BESmzd.DoqCvVZ2AZaou3t8.6d2LkWzcPyyZFtxBMyK0EP5CUyETX1JYGZjvwFJtz5pE_hgvyS.5MQbM9C9fbyyvEm5px6CI0rTC8cgJ9Fwk6Nv31HReGgbnz11bn1._cki9dBfhb.Z7Bmpg4WHe_Bdo2xhDKY1aqXLcM3iMhXjuXI3d.hpGnFTTC6oHX89B6.Xz9uJg4ocYq2jDmA.S7zSqzn.uRozaE.EGRL5yt4LpIJGmqZJ1i7tOkTHRO73bj0tqDjXciftICKzZbVMcYs6GUYl3JbCMkK7Ryh3A7LIA_PQS3ZKdaPR8dLnCBJaP9rexlE_cGZhn.HKrKbAoTbiJhW2hL7B22CdCN3ehilRZSaEJj9nXWb89pjC98EGtpDjT6DYi7WrhDVb8Kn6it0slBBy8v4kIivyP21fjvC.3I8SzTdq7fPseLMDJdl0T0HbQVCOeW2wnqTzIiXSyf4HKg.aljzg02wKVpQIdv2gumRDVJTDf9fscFqAPeNXWgG01q3yUASsUETOEVKl5eHc0FK9lYZPksfkB7lrjdC1gJ7hUR4SSCGh8ujOgnMXb91xjxXa14bTCQUIYgDMNsl5Dt5aaVbsdaVEN7CoQjDMTgkT6sqWuaQ4IVrhiVqKCvjYyRyAQdow7iw2EYDmuyTWAZEgyxYFHdn.1HEXT0NCTC4UlCaj3s4LoEzuSmBp7qfmmVAgOb34qzbFS4gk7gJce_GhSo1vk1JKpOhc6PuJfDgCoAJ79iCs61JoHOIXsAY2L0yi816hoA2XVtht4.LUrevT6XLEikBfS9UuIzTLCJHLDMCLQ30ADDJuaLv4V3bFzR0Ar0eFvwcrT6KV3n2iUsaxah7ijvUKXYUZV3sMaztWQZ.tw_7I3NxT8eVtGiIr5Vi2z2KS0T328SOSbK4V0H3HW47jDFF.EwUTZKEm7QN6I1CyfDf2h4OeZeR2.5bKHxvwrpGkarkvSSuE2mGw6XQZuD14Slt2qoMVCbGE2zuJLXWdIU1DDxpeQGzqkdbOK70EqrmKycbyItty3lEYotsA.l_..B_qbrhDmTP6J1BONX.b5RK1pyZ.aUKHyuq5DZyHKtV9bL72d01B6VKf58KStn2.HVPkHwA.07cNwPwjM9miVjZJWoWQSUbcXdS9SGpxfbgT3e0LVJr6.zVPj4IUfyg0lCO.gXrCtB7EBoelb9pRU1VqwUaQ.3waaPvcSfpY11aGNZUxM.Bk8kYwI_XL.sKw1E31DBFnsvtK7D8qnfl1LRILEyr1YUQpekderVOY1UGmnESMgZLqqasXLMujckxRfek6aze10TR0iw.0dFxmJ6p8rr5hsDKMBk2CA55rmS8vTEYMAxxqBTosHyUekKQTmE3ze7CIa48ex4FpUe.5wxKp23r6FvLoprTDPCNKGiH_wUzfLJ.YPZnj9rLElwBVvdMJ_V9w1bFs0lCVpTxc04I9np5KsbPvVuWU055Ien.EECSt_gOdE6RXkGIeDzpEL7ZNLfJ0MNp_uRreROn0CG0lLyYta6kgjFCVmkqfPqQP9SgUHdqobHtmd9l4zntkc1Egi.6bnPLG2PnByWwHLRVtV_FtmJQvLLGdMf2F8Qo8uWMMwnE68OJYJqKEDyq4PLG7XAZA7FTse89O808ZY8mWh3d1bo5tL5UlCnpwhxlXlyic.0eFkcsXFVlfDaGQt3vWs9MfJAQMjsx2RgD6clCButMLZreseyV4Vau_KJQNxQ_yqB02CRw",mdrd: "FTa.ii8io88KoyU1DNUO099SoFY_O.n4m_BssqL2jts-1739801905-1.2.1.1-uynfe4sYMeIRsrPGitgB_gHVkHsRxiJwvXLfG7VKUL7K6ksCz7EONB3WZU0.QYUJOIZLNI8qLq3z6r7sz3M.9NyuipRRUt5odoU5D5gRmYMcRm.J0UjcAVmn8Z0UgFUX7jLS7cUDugTWFJFrHBAszL3qScCuZcgbLwIIuzjk1ftimCw0sKhg0GIWh8pclJcqCNYx1ZK96xJkn72V81vMTadvQZg7oP2PaNCNuIvphmWMYjw1Cw2x5yFDLaQbiAgHWtUxnoKiDGp_gMPefZo4svjzzw3GtBdsD.ndEv3STSR_Db11u4c.WtT5G.7ZnlkWLkvWoRi5_Fo8HlRBFEviQAnWqieboR9zvvIS5KJhTSw1bni5cAPamdV9Jk6ecPDuP98uB2BobS_UrOBkSxqT56M7xWGCkGztC7Bbfp7ejnFLJeXw8DQhfDKCKoWtL2I_GJ1d.dvznDridBU.5FWrSJfL5TEJbILgxsz0_puWBUuEnFJLRWCriZumQStHDQ_MkVjHgDlhAYAS1fGTOOqj0cHxkz8wEgJTN9l8cJH9ex08ygmJKP1yZBA2S22DuNbOBXyOxleKZYf34.ojozPVZprcJpibvNBeGNF9lxGSY0pkGANIDTnsL4jnfNQ2a5b6yBF5eokxRQaXTpEttNpbx.tBjd72lXdQJtK4T1ihu.YQN2_eQtr2j06I2CNXh6gUnMbo9w6AF3DRD2pvlGjiyXYnZ9kVeogqyB5bGdiWBu9CbloQ4pYAHWoKFCDOYUoehUqZl5lxaAXHFBs9fuBVX009NSm.vXvx.Xfo5EtfU0kvuSpzv9_jyd5Egob.zlZ1PhtTNRE98mHtqkbseAXqGEetQ5D6NKECZP8Gw2aQnLRWpJrat8oaO9MepDaBdxhO3pqQQoS1IiCC0zy7EwSEQyE_2C8HskIFXKBC9MmKt0N9b8zZgZTsemv7LI6Rlfnxe8fOPQB2nuF7djx1w2IfcBlb6I7IetCSUDA5n5h.0VXbRDclc7w0ngeim9WFLf6iL8Pa2z1xiTZWWMKIxNsdJHw9SKsUfZ0h8woDulpQEHe.GO.hiIL1ytmcMloXa514uPvrcGUP97kTb0xo8VBHuKyF1bVAPS5tQ2ZnMO6tADriMaT6KOmwGZ71AePVn_iL12JR20leCMhWYd4vfeBjvcA6JqHUv2HprfzGWyzGv7I1MOL6gpykiCmI9vxr0LzLLzUuqvDwqks2VqAFW7b1utU7Ca8SM96.0Zl9xCQgvZG8xaVN_oypTjF_36hLmrO2JYqlX.dNMzWKABaJjmrnoPDjzqxgpd0i3dMTrzxAMa9K8OPEKkMEzm0aheHlsGaF17jhvKf.tkHPg_0wLSx708qT0.XNL.yu6n1LT5OfLOuAcsvhGWC4HAXQKVLtEHDYqDt67zX2pTmzRTCXNQaS43MwqDDjKEhrVyZJBt1KPvwfbE5fHsjy3eTtdqacr.OItC13uAQ2rU5d7EfOzLKWPEksIT8cmNeagdEujoilQ9LYfATQgt1eikoNL9lOkZT5TD_CYj6ccgDmwOGNRNYnQwoHM1IOZfIOJVbCNiCjU5R7IgZpSKLKkJpdVNqpbCm_DJAfMuk_8dI3_GrsPLmTEpejnZjCiucj79DaqzclqOEJAuyZhNSuA9osq2SfMqxiGVrG7d8AN5.vBlh53tW4Uy7gVDu1Wc5BfpxPz0dfTXRTHJ3eEBFxSXzheel6Tz.Iq6DGCwGFgaeKN0Ouy5fKmFEkiZ5R7HZNMRACrNc7w3PvLFM_8XKg2RFX_iu3.8OdwqGUOktOByQI.nQ9pJyjNxCZLSCh0RqrPGLyfvSm4draSHpftk8BtkJ6srPAmwi3tMj4.B38b2kK2SGnJG_H5OzeiY4piLxx3wBvNKPcBXrxEVa_kfZotWCPsYfe8GYHxjKNeTNhr6SM84cxwvJr8v0hF6pUaSfq7reaM8pQ2RSKDKqxAUzYQfLejeLbbp23"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/g/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=9136681348f2ce55';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/1368\/apa?__cf_chl_rt_tk=BMzzUTYgziynLiQ.fiRqY78SKNhrkjF4ohB7BngWOhE-1739801905-1.0.1.1-Hj_FJu7bJqmWmsPWJbUI6RAh4A319oj94z8Ha4QWwMU" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>