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id="toc-Square_brackets" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Square_brackets"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.3</span> <span>Square brackets</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Square_brackets-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lenticular_brackets" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lenticular_brackets"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.4</span> <span>Lenticular brackets</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lenticular_brackets-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Comma" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Comma"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Comma</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Comma-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Double_hyphen" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Double_hyphen"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Double hyphen</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Double_hyphen-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ellipsis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ellipsis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Ellipsis</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ellipsis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Full_stop" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Full_stop"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Full stop</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Full_stop-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Words_containing_full_stops" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Words_containing_full_stops"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5.1</span> <span>Words containing full stops</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Words_containing_full_stops-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Interpunct" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Interpunct"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span> <span>Interpunct</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Interpunct-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Part_alternation_mark" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Part_alternation_mark"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.7</span> <span>Part alternation mark</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Part_alternation_mark-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Quotation_marks" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Quotation_marks"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.8</span> <span>Quotation marks</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Quotation_marks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Single_quotation_marks" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Single_quotation_marks"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.8.1</span> <span>Single quotation marks</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Single_quotation_marks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Double_quotation_marks" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Double_quotation_marks"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.8.2</span> <span>Double quotation marks</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Double_quotation_marks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Space" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Space"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.9</span> <span>Space</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Space-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Wave_dash" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Wave_dash"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.10</span> <span>Wave dash</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Wave_dash-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_punctuation_marks_in_common_use" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_punctuation_marks_in_common_use"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Other punctuation marks in common use</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Other_punctuation_marks_in_common_use-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Other punctuation marks in common use subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Other_punctuation_marks_in_common_use-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Colon" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Colon"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Colon</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Colon-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Exclamation_mark" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Exclamation_mark"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Exclamation mark</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Exclamation_mark-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Question_mark" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Question_mark"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Question mark</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Question_mark-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Musical_note" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Musical_note"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Musical note</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Musical_note-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> 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//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Japanese_punctuation" title="Special:EditPage/Japanese punctuation">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Japanese+punctuation%22">"Japanese punctuation"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Japanese+punctuation%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Japanese+punctuation%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Japanese+punctuation%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Japanese+punctuation%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1245169151">.mw-parser-output .jawriting-sidebar{width:20em}.mw-parser-output .jawriting-header{border-top:1px solid #aaa}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks jawriting-sidebar hlist"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-top-image"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%E6%9B%B8.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Japanese writing"><img alt="Japanese writing" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/%E6%9B%B8.svg/75px-%E6%9B%B8.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/%E6%9B%B8.svg/113px-%E6%9B%B8.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/%E6%9B%B8.svg/150px-%E6%9B%B8.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><a href="/wiki/Japanese_writing_system" title="Japanese writing system">Japanese writing</a></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading jawriting-header"> Components</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Kanji" title="Kanji">Kanji</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stroke_order" title="Stroke order">Stroke order</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Table_of_Japanese_kanji_radicals" class="mw-redirect" title="Table of Japanese kanji radicals">Radicals</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/J%C5%8Dy%C5%8D_kanji" title="Jōyō kanji">Jōyō kanji</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_j%C5%8Dy%C5%8D_kanji" title="List of jōyō kanji">list</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ky%C5%8Diku_kanji" title="Kyōiku kanji">Kyōiku kanji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C5%8Dy%C5%8D_kanji" title="Tōyō kanji">Tōyō kanji</a></li></ul></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jinmeiy%C5%8D_kanji" title="Jinmeiyō kanji">Jinmeiyō kanji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hy%C5%8Dgai_kanji" title="Hyōgai kanji">Hyōgai kanji</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Kana" title="Kana">Kana</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hiragana" title="Hiragana">Hiragana</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hentaigana" title="Hentaigana">Hentaigana</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katakana" title="Katakana">Katakana</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Man%27y%C5%8Dgana" title="Man'yōgana">Man'yōgana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C5%8Dgana" title="Sōgana">Sōgana</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Goj%C5%ABon" title="Gojūon">Gojūon</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Japanese_typographic_symbols" title="List of Japanese typographic symbols">Typographic symbols</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Japanese punctuation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iteration_mark#Japanese" title="Iteration mark">Iteration mark</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading jawriting-header"> Uses</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Syllabograms</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Furigana" title="Furigana">Furigana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Okurigana" title="Okurigana">Okurigana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_Braille" title="Japanese Braille">Braille</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading jawriting-header"> Transliteration</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Japanese" title="Romanization of Japanese">Rōmaji</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hepburn_romanization" title="Hepburn romanization">Hepburn</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kunrei-shiki_romanization" title="Kunrei-shiki romanization">Kunrei-shiki</a> / ISO 3602 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nihon-shiki_romanization" title="Nihon-shiki romanization">Nihon-shiki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JSL_romanization" title="JSL romanization">JSL</a></li></ul></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/W%C4%81puro_r%C5%8Dmaji" title="Wāpuro rōmaji">Wāpuro</a> (keyboard input)</li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Cyrillization_of_Japanese" title="Cyrillization of Japanese">Cyrillization</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Polivanov_system" title="Polivanov system">Polivanov system</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Japanese_writing" title="Template:Japanese writing"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Japanese_writing" title="Template talk:Japanese writing"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Japanese_writing" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Japanese writing"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Japanese punctuation</b><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<a href="/wiki/Japanese_language" title="Japanese language">Japanese</a>: <span lang="ja">約物</span>, <a href="/wiki/Hepburn_romanization" title="Hepburn romanization">Hepburn</a>: <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">yakumono</i></span>)</span> includes various written marks (besides <a href="/wiki/Japanese_character" class="mw-redirect" title="Japanese character">characters</a> and numbers), which differ from those found in <a href="/wiki/European_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="European languages">European languages</a>, as well as some not used in formal Japanese writing but frequently found in more casual writing, such as <a href="/wiki/Exclamation_mark" title="Exclamation mark">exclamation</a> and <a href="/wiki/Question_mark" title="Question mark">question marks</a>. </p><p>Japanese can be written <a href="/wiki/Horizontal_and_vertical_writing_in_East_Asian_scripts" title="Horizontal and vertical writing in East Asian scripts">horizontally or vertically</a>, and some <a href="/wiki/Punctuation" title="Punctuation">punctuation</a> marks adapt to this change in direction. <a href="/wiki/Bracket#Parentheses" title="Bracket">Parentheses</a>, curved brackets, square quotation marks, <a href="/wiki/Ellipsis" title="Ellipsis">ellipses</a>, dashes, and <a href="/wiki/Swung_dash" class="mw-redirect" title="Swung dash">swung dashes</a> are rotated clockwise 90° when used in vertical text (<a href="#Japanese_punctuation_marks">see diagram</a>). </p><p>Japanese punctuation marks are usually "full width" (that is, occupying an area that is the same as the surrounding characters). </p><p>Punctuation was not widely used in Japanese writing until translations from European languages became common in the 19th century.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Japanese_punctuation_marks">Japanese punctuation marks</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Japanese_punctuation&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Japanese punctuation marks"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tateyoko.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f2/Tateyoko.png" decoding="async" width="335" height="300" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="335" data-file-height="300" /></a><figcaption>Diagram showing differences in placement of punctuation marks in vertical and horizontal writing, in a sentence containing <a href="/wiki/Hiragana" title="Hiragana">hiragana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Katakana" title="Katakana">katakana</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kanji" title="Kanji">kanji</a>.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Brackets">Brackets</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Japanese_punctuation&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Brackets"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article on the Japanese Wikipedia: <span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%8B%AC%E5%BC%A7" class="extiw" title="ja:括弧">括弧</a></span></span></div> <p>Various types of brackets<span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">括弧</span></span>, <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">kakko</i></span>)</span> are used in Japanese. As in English, brackets are used in pairs to set apart or interject text within other text. When writing vertically, brackets are rotated clockwise ninety degrees. Each bracket occupies its own square when using <i><a href="/wiki/Genk%C5%8D_y%C5%8Dshi" title="Genkō yōshi">genkō yōshi</a></i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Parentheses">Parentheses</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Japanese_punctuation&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Parentheses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><span lang="ja" style="font-size:200%; line-height:1.5; padding:5px; white-space:nowrap; background:#ddf; border:1px solid #aaf">（　）</span></dd></dl> <p><span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">Marukakko</i></span><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">丸括弧</span></span>, round brackets)</span> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Braces">Braces</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Japanese_punctuation&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Braces"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><span lang="ja" style="font-size:200%; line-height:1.5; padding:5px; white-space:nowrap; background:#ddf; border:1px solid #aaf">｛　｝</span></dd></dl> <p><span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">Namikakko</i></span><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">波括弧</span></span>, wave brackets)</span> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Square_brackets">Square brackets</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Japanese_punctuation&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Square brackets"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><span lang="ja" style="font-size:200%; line-height:1.5; padding:5px; white-space:nowrap; background:#ddf; border:1px solid #aaf">［　］</span></dd></dl> <p>Kakukakko [角括弧, cornered brackets] </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Lenticular_brackets">Lenticular brackets</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Japanese_punctuation&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Lenticular brackets"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><span lang="ja" style="font-size:200%; line-height:1.5; padding:5px; white-space:nowrap; background:#ddf; border:1px solid #aaf">【　】</span></dd></dl> <p><span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">Sumitsukikakko</i></span><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">隅付き括弧</span></span>, filled brackets)</span>, also known as lenticular brackets. Lenticular brackets are also used as quotation marks in the Japanese language. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Comma">Comma</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Japanese_punctuation&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Comma"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article on the Japanese Wikipedia: <span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%AA%AD%E7%82%B9" class="extiw" title="ja:読点">読点</a></span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Symbol </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/JIS_X_0213" title="JIS X 0213">JIS X 0213</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Character_entity_reference" class="mw-redirect" title="Character entity reference">Encoding</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">、</span></span> </td> <td>U+3001 </td> <td>1-1-2 </td> <td>&#12289; </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p>The comma<span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">読点</span></span>, <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">tōten</i></span>)</span> is used in many contexts, principally for marking off separate elements within a sentence. In horizontal writing, the comma is placed at the bottom right of the preceding character. In vertical writing, it is placed immediately below and to the right of the last character, in a separate square if using <i>genkō yōshi</i>. In horizontally written manuscripts that contain a mixture of Japanese and Western characters, the full-width <a href="/wiki/Comma" title="Comma">comma</a> may be incorporated as well. No extra space is left after a comma. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Symbol </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/JIS_X_0213" title="JIS X 0213">JIS X 0213</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Character_entity_reference" class="mw-redirect" title="Character entity reference">Encoding</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">，</span></span> </td> <td>U+FF0C </td> <td>1-1-4 </td> <td>&#65292; </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Double_hyphen">Double hyphen</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Japanese_punctuation&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Double hyphen"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Symbol </th> <th>Unicode name </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/JIS_X_0213" title="JIS X 0213">JIS X 0213</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Character_entity_reference" class="mw-redirect" title="Character entity reference">Encoding</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">゠</span></span> </td> <td>KATAKANA-HIRAGANA DOUBLE HYPHEN </td> <td>U+30A0 </td> <td>1-3-91 </td> <td>&#12448; </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">＝</span></span> </td> <td>FULLWIDTH EQUALS SIGN </td> <td>U+FF1D </td> <td>1-1-65 </td> <td>&#65309; </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The double hyphen (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">二重ハイフン</span></span>, <i>nijū haifun</i> or <span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">ダブルハイフン</span></span>, <i>daburu haifun</i>) is exclusively used in <a href="/wiki/Transliteration" title="Transliteration">transliteration</a>. It may act in two ways:<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Primarily, it is used to represent a <a href="/wiki/Hyphen" title="Hyphen">hyphen</a> (-), due to potential confusion with the <a href="/wiki/Ch%C5%8Donpu" title="Chōonpu">prolonged sound mark</a> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">ー</span></span>). For example, "<a href="/wiki/Jean-Jacques_Rousseau" title="Jean-Jacques Rousseau">Jean-Jacques Rousseau</a>" is written "<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">ジャン゠ジャック・ルソー</span></span>", and "<a href="/wiki/Catherine_Zeta-Jones" title="Catherine Zeta-Jones">Catherine Zeta-Jones</a>" is written "<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">キャサリン・ゼタ゠ジョーンズ</span></span>". Occasionally, the hyphen too may be represented as an interpunct (・), in which case no distinction is made between hyphens and spaces.</li> <li>Although far more rarely, it can be observed in identical use to the <a href="#Interpunct">interpunct</a>. In that case, "<a href="/wiki/Arthur_Conan_Doyle" title="Arthur Conan Doyle">Sir Arthur Conan Doyle</a>" may, for example, be written "<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">サー゠アーサー゠コナン゠ドイル</span></span>".</li></ul> <p>Digitally, it is correctly represented in Unicode as <span class="nowrap"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886049734">.mw-parser-output .monospaced{font-family:monospace,monospace}</style><span class="monospaced">U+30A0</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">゠</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">KATAKANA-HIRAGANA DOUBLE HYPHEN</span>. However, due to visual similarity, absence from historically common encodings such as <a href="/wiki/Shift_JIS" title="Shift JIS">Shift JIS</a> and <a href="/wiki/EUC-JP" class="mw-redirect" title="EUC-JP">EUC-JP</a>, and ease of input on a keyboard, it is often encountered written as <span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+FF1D</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">＝</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">FULLWIDTH EQUALS SIGN</span>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ellipsis">Ellipsis</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Japanese_punctuation&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Ellipsis"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article on the Japanese Wikipedia: <span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%AA%E3%83%BC%E3%83%80%E3%83%BC_(%E8%A8%98%E5%8F%B7)" class="extiw" title="ja:リーダー (記号)">リーダー (記号)</a></span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Symbol </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/JIS_X_0213" title="JIS X 0213">JIS X 0213</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Character_entity_reference" class="mw-redirect" title="Character entity reference">Encoding</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">…</span></span> </td> <td>U+2026 </td> <td>1-3-63 </td> <td>&#8230; </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">‥</span></span> </td> <td>U+2025 </td> <td>1-3-63 </td> <td>&#8229; </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><a href="/wiki/Ellipsis" title="Ellipsis">Ellipses</a> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">リーダー</span></span> <i>rīdā</i> (leaders), <span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">点線</span></span> <i>tensen</i> (dotted line), or <span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">てんてん</span></span> <i>ten-ten</i> ("dot dot") indicate an intentional omission or abbreviation, or a pause in speech, an unfinished thought or, at the end of a sentence, a trailing off into silence (<a href="/wiki/Aposiopesis" title="Aposiopesis">aposiopesis</a>). The ellipsis was adopted into Japanese from European languages. </p><p>The ellipsis is often three dots or six dots (in two groups of three dots), though variations in number of dots exist. The dots can be either on the <a href="/wiki/Baseline_(typography)" title="Baseline (typography)">baseline</a> or centred between the baseline and the <a href="/wiki/Ascender_(typography)" title="Ascender (typography)">ascender</a> when horizontal; the dots are centred horizontally when vertical. </p><p>Other uses: </p> <ul><li>As a substitute for dashes</li> <li>In <a href="/wiki/Manga" title="Manga">manga</a> and <a href="/wiki/Visual_novel" title="Visual novel">visual novels</a>, the ellipsis by itself often represents speechlessness or a "<a href="/wiki/Pregnant_pause" class="mw-redirect" title="Pregnant pause">pregnant pause</a>"</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Full_stop">Full stop</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Japanese_punctuation&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Full stop"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article on the Japanese Wikipedia: <span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8F%A5%E7%82%B9" class="extiw" title="ja:句点">句点</a></span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Symbol </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/JIS_X_0213" title="JIS X 0213">JIS X 0213</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Character_entity_reference" class="mw-redirect" title="Character entity reference">Encoding</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">。</span></span> </td> <td>U+3002 </td> <td>1-1-3 </td> <td>&#12290; </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p>The full stop<span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">句点</span></span>, <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">kuten</i></span>)</span> is a small circle. In horizontal writing, the full stop is placed in the same position as it would be in English, that is, at the bottom right of the preceding character. In vertical writing, it is placed immediately below and to the right of the last character, in a separate square if using <i><a href="/wiki/Genk%C5%8D_y%C5%8Dshi" title="Genkō yōshi">genkō yōshi</a></i>. (Note the difference in placement with the traditional Chinese full stop, which is placed in the centre of the square.) </p><p>Unlike the <a href="/wiki/Full_stop" title="Full stop">English full stop</a>, it is often used to separate consecutive sentences, rather than to finish every sentence; it is frequently left out where a sentence stands alone. No extra space is used after a full stop. </p><p>In manuscripts that contain a mixture of Japanese and Western characters, the Western full stop may be incorporated as well. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Words_containing_full_stops">Words containing full stops</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Japanese_punctuation&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Words containing full stops"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Starting in the 1980s, <a href="/wiki/Advertising_copy" class="mw-redirect" title="Advertising copy">advertising copy</a> writers began incorporating full stops in titles and other advertising. In the 1990s, the group <a href="/wiki/Morning_Musume" title="Morning Musume">Morning Musume</a><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">モーニング娘。</span></span>)</span> began using a full stop in its name, starting a fad for this usage. Other examples include the following: </p> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Ii_Hito" class="mw-redirect" title="Ii Hito">Good Person.</a></i><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">いいひと。</span></span>, <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">Ii Hito</i></span>)</span>, a <a href="/wiki/Manga" title="Manga">manga</a> by <a href="/wiki/Shin_Takahashi" title="Shin Takahashi">Shin Takahashi</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecomoni" class="mw-redirect" title="Ecomoni">Ecomoni</a>.<span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">エコモ二。</span></span>)</span>, a Japanese pop group from <a href="/wiki/Hello!_Project" title="Hello! Project">Hello! Project</a>.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nobuta._wo_Produce" class="mw-redirect" title="Nobuta. wo Produce">Nobuta. wo Produce</a></i><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">野ブタ。をプロデュース</span></span>)</span>, a drama series (<a href="/wiki/Japanese_television_drama" title="Japanese television drama">dorama</a>), produced and aired in 2005 by <a href="/wiki/Nippon_Television" title="Nippon Television">NTV</a>.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Your_Name." class="mw-redirect" title="Your Name.">Your Name.</a></i><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">君の名は。</span></span>)</span>, a 2016 <a href="/wiki/Anime" title="Anime">Japanese animated</a> <a href="/wiki/Romance_film" title="Romance film">romantic</a> <a href="/wiki/Drama_film" class="mw-redirect" title="Drama film">drama film</a> written and directed by <a href="/wiki/Makoto_Shinkai" title="Makoto Shinkai">Makoto Shinkai</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Interpunct">Interpunct</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Japanese_punctuation&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Interpunct"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article on the Japanese Wikipedia: <span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E9%BB%92" class="extiw" title="ja:中黒">中黒</a></span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Interpunct" title="Interpunct">interpunct</a> <b>・</b><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">中黒</span></span>, <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">nakaguro</i></span>, "middle black")</span> or "katakana middle dot" (as the Unicode consortium calls it) is a small dot used for <a href="/wiki/Interword_separation" class="mw-redirect" title="Interword separation">interword separation</a>. It is also known as <i>nakapochi</i>, <i>nakapotsu</i> and <i>nakaten</i>. It has a fixed width that is the same as most kana characters. </p><p>Uses include: </p> <ul><li>Separating Japanese words where the intended meaning would be unclear if the characters were written side-by-side</li> <li>To separate listed items, instead of a comma: <span class="t_nihongo_kanji"><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">小・中学校</span></span></span> (elementary and middle school) versus <span class="t_nihongo_kanji"><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">小、中学校</span></span></span></li> <li>To separate foreign words and names when written in kana: <span class="t_nihongo_kanji"><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">パーソナル・コンピューター</span></span></span> (personal computer), and occasionally for Japanese names, particularly when there would otherwise be confusion as to where one name ends and another begins.</li> <li>As a substitute for a <a href="#Double_hyphen">double hyphen</a></li> <li>To separate titles, names and positions: <span class="t_nihongo_kanji"><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">部長補佐・鈴木</span></span></span> (Assistant Department Head Suzuki)</li> <li>As a <a href="/wiki/Decimal_point" class="mw-redirect" title="Decimal point">decimal point</a> when writing numbers in kanji: <span class="t_nihongo_kanji"><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">三・一四</span></span></span> (3.14)</li> <li>In place of hyphens, dashes and colons when writing vertically</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Part_alternation_mark">Part alternation mark</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Japanese_punctuation&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Part alternation mark"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Part_alternation_mark.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Part_alternation_mark.svg/67px-Part_alternation_mark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="67" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Part_alternation_mark.svg/101px-Part_alternation_mark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Part_alternation_mark.svg/134px-Part_alternation_mark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="388" data-file-height="387" /></a><figcaption>The part alternation mark</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article on the Japanese Wikipedia: <span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BA%B5%E7%82%B9" class="extiw" title="ja:庵点">庵点</a></span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Symbol </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/JIS_X_0213" title="JIS X 0213">JIS X 0213</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Character_entity_reference" class="mw-redirect" title="Character entity reference">Encoding</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">〽</span></span> </td> <td>U+303D </td> <td>1-3-28 </td> <td>&#12349; </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p>The part alternation mark <b><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">〽</span></span></b> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">庵点</span></span> <i>ioriten</i> or <span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">歌記号</span></span> <i>utakigō</i>) is used to indicate the beginning of a song, or the beginning of the next player's part. </p><p>It was most common in <a href="/wiki/Noh" title="Noh">Noh</a> chanting books and <a href="/wiki/Renga" title="Renga">Renga</a> (linked verse). In Noh books it is used to mark the beginning of each character's (or the chorus') parts. The opening square quotation mark (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">「</span></span>) may also be used. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Quotation_marks">Quotation marks</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Japanese_punctuation&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Quotation marks"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article on the Japanese Wikipedia: <span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%8B%AC%E5%BC%A7" class="extiw" title="ja:括弧">括弧</a></span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Single_quotation_marks">Single quotation marks</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Japanese_punctuation&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Single quotation marks"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><span lang="ja" style="font-size:400%; line-height:1.5; padding:5px; white-space:nowrap; background:#ddf; border:1px solid #aaf">「　」</span></dd></dl> <p><span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">kagikakko</i></span><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">鉤括弧</span></span>, hook brackets)</span> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Double_quotation_marks">Double quotation marks</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Japanese_punctuation&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Double quotation marks"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><span lang="ja" style="font-size:150%; line-height:1.5; padding:5px; white-space:nowrap; background:#ddf; border:1px solid #aaf">『　』</span></dd> <dd><span lang="ja" style="font-size:150%; line-height:1.5; padding:5px; white-space:nowrap; background:#ddf; border:1px solid #aaf">〝　〟</span></dd></dl> <p>Double quotation marks<span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">二重鉤括弧</span></span>, <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">nijūkagikakko</i></span>)</span> are used to mark quotes within quotes: <span class="t_nihongo_kanji"><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">「...『...』...」</span></span></span> as well as to mark book titles (Japanese does not have <a href="/wiki/Italic_type" title="Italic type">italic type</a>, and does not use sloping type for this purpose in Japanese). They are also sometimes used in fiction to denote text that is heard through a telephone or other device. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Space">Space</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Japanese_punctuation&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Space"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article on the Japanese Wikipedia: <span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%92%8C%E5%AD%97%E9%96%93%E9%9A%94" class="extiw" title="ja:和字間隔">和字間隔</a></span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Symbol </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/JIS_X_0213" title="JIS X 0213">JIS X 0213</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Character_entity_reference" class="mw-redirect" title="Character entity reference">Encoding</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><span class="nowrap">⟨　⟩</span> </td> <td>U+3000 </td> <td>1-1-1 </td> <td>&#12288; </td></tr> </tbody></table> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Genkoyoshi.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Genkoyoshi.svg/350px-Genkoyoshi.svg.png" decoding="async" width="350" height="247" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Genkoyoshi.svg/525px-Genkoyoshi.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Genkoyoshi.svg/700px-Genkoyoshi.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="362" /></a><figcaption><b>Use of spaces on <i><a href="/wiki/Genk%C5%8D_y%C5%8Dshi" title="Genkō yōshi">genkō yōshi</a></i></b><br /> <b>1</b>. 3 spaces before the title.<br /> <b>2</b>. 1 space between the author's family name and given name; 1 space below.<br /> <b>3</b>. Each new paragraph begins after a space.<br /> <b>4</b>. Subheadings have 1 empty line before and after, and have 2 spaces above.<br /> <b>5</b>. Punctuation marks normally occupy their own square, except when they occur at the bottom of a line, in which case they share a square with the last character of the line.</figcaption></figure> <p>A space (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">　</span></span>) is any empty (non-written) zone between written sections. In Japanese, the space is referred to by the transliterated English name<span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">スペース</span></span>, <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">supēsu</i></span>)</span>. A Japanese space is the same width as a <a href="/wiki/CJK_characters" title="CJK characters">CJK character</a> and is thus also called an "ideographic space". </p><p>In English, spaces are used for <a href="/wiki/Interword_separation" class="mw-redirect" title="Interword separation">interword separation</a> as well as separation between punctuation and words. In normal Japanese writing, no spaces are left between words, except if the writing is exclusively in <a href="/wiki/Hiragana" title="Hiragana">hiragana</a> or <a href="/wiki/Katakana" title="Katakana">katakana</a> (or with very little <a href="/wiki/Kanji" title="Kanji">kanji</a>), in which case spaces may be required to avoid confusion. </p><p>In Japanese, a single space is often left before the first character in a new paragraph, especially when writing on <i><a href="/wiki/Genk%C5%8D_y%C5%8Dshi" title="Genkō yōshi">genkō yōshi</a></i> (manuscript paper), and a space is left after non-Japanese punctuation marks (such as exclamation points and question marks). A space may be left between the <a href="/wiki/Family_name" class="mw-redirect" title="Family name">family</a> and <a href="/wiki/Given_name" title="Given name">given names</a> as well. When the character is not easily available, a direct HTML equivalent is the <code>&emsp;</code> entity (em-space) which outputs the same fullwidth " " glyph. </p><p>A fullwidth space may be used where a <a href="/wiki/Colon_(punctuation)" title="Colon (punctuation)">colon</a> or comma would be used in English: <span class="t_nihongo_kanji"><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">大和銀行　大阪支店</span></span></span> (<i>Yamato Bank, Osaka Branch</i>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Wave_dash">Wave dash</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Japanese_punctuation&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Wave dash"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Wave_Dash.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Wave_Dash.svg/68px-Wave_Dash.svg.png" decoding="async" width="68" height="68" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Wave_Dash.svg/102px-Wave_Dash.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Wave_Dash.svg/136px-Wave_Dash.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="427" data-file-height="427" /></a><figcaption>The wave dash</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article on the Japanese Wikipedia: <span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E3%83%80%E3%83%83%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A5" class="extiw" title="ja:波ダッシュ">波ダッシュ</a></span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Symbol </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/JIS_X_0213" title="JIS X 0213">JIS X 0213</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Character_entity_reference" class="mw-redirect" title="Character entity reference">Encoding</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">〜</span></span> </td> <td>U+301C </td> <td>1-1-33 </td> <td>&#12316; </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Wave_dash" title="Wave dash">wave dash</a> <b><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">〜</span></span></b><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">波ダッシュ</span></span>, <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">nami dasshu</i></span>, wave dash)</span> resembles a lengthened <a href="/wiki/Tilde" title="Tilde">tilde</a> <small>(FULLWIDTH TILDE)</small>, which does not exist in <a href="/wiki/JIS_X_0208" title="JIS X 0208">JIS X 0208</a>. </p><p>Uses in Japanese include: </p> <ul><li>To indicate ranges (<span class="t_nihongo_kanji"><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">5時〜6時</span></span></span>, from 5 o'clock to 6 o'clock; <span class="t_nihongo_kanji"><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">東京〜大阪</span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Tokyo" title="Tokyo">Tokyo</a> to <a href="/wiki/Osaka" title="Osaka">Osaka</a>). In such cases it may be read as <i>...kara...made</i> (<span class="t_nihongo_kanji"><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">...から...まで</span></span></span>)</li> <li>To separate a title from a subtitle on the same line; in English a <a href="/wiki/Colon_(punctuation)" title="Colon (punctuation)">colon</a> is used for this purpose.</li> <li>To mark subtitles: <span class="t_nihongo_kanji"><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">〜概要〜</span></span></span></li> <li>In pairs, in place of dashes or brackets: <span class="t_nihongo_kanji"><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">〜〜答え〜〜</span></span></span></li> <li>To indicate origin: <span class="t_nihongo_kanji"><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">フランス〜</span></span></span> (from France)</li> <li>To indicate a long or drawn-out vowel (<span class="t_nihongo_kanji"><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">ですよね〜 or あ〜〜〜</span></span></span>), usually for comic or <a href="/wiki/Kawaii" title="Kawaii">cute</a> effect</li> <li>To indicate or suggest that music is playing: <span class="t_nihongo_kanji"><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">♬ 〜</span></span></span></li> <li>To suggest a ruled line: <span class="t_nihongo_kanji"><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">〜〜〜〜〜</span></span></span> or <span class="t_nihongo_kanji"><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">〜・〜・〜</span></span></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_punctuation_marks_in_common_use">Other punctuation marks in common use</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Japanese_punctuation&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Other punctuation marks in common use"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Japanese versions of these punctuation marks are usually <a href="/wiki/Halfwidth_and_fullwidth_forms" title="Halfwidth and fullwidth forms">full-width</a> characters. A full-width space is usually left after such marks when writing in Japanese.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Colon">Colon</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Japanese_punctuation&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Colon"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article on the Japanese Wikipedia: <span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B3%E3%83%AD%E3%83%B3_(%E8%A8%98%E5%8F%B7)" class="extiw" title="ja:コロン (記号)">コロン (記号)</a></span></span></div> <dl><dd><span lang="ja" style="font-size:200%; line-height:1.5; padding:5px; white-space:nowrap; background:#ddf; border:1px solid #aaf"> ： </span></dd></dl> <p>The colon<span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">コロン</span></span>, <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">koron</i></span>)</span> consists of two equally sized dots centered on the same vertical line. As a rule, a colon informs the reader that what follows proves, clarifies, explains, or simply enumerates elements of what is referred to before. Although not a native Japanese punctuation mark, the colon is sometimes used, especially in academic writing. </p><p>As in English, the colon is commonly used in Japanese to indicate time (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">4:05</span></span>, instead of <span class="t_nihongo_kanji"><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">4時5分</span></span></span> or <span class="t_nihongo_kanji"><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">4分5秒</span></span></span>) or for lists (<span class="t_nihongo_kanji"><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">日時:3月3日 4時5分</span></span></span> Day/time: March 3, 4:05pm). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Exclamation_mark">Exclamation mark</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Japanese_punctuation&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Exclamation mark"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article on the Japanese Wikipedia: <span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%84%9F%E5%98%86%E7%AC%A6" class="extiw" title="ja:感嘆符">感嘆符</a></span></span></div> <dl><dd><span lang="ja" style="font-size:200%; line-height:1.5; padding:5px; white-space:nowrap; background:#ddf; border:1px solid #aaf"> ！ </span></dd></dl> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Exclamation_point" class="mw-redirect" title="Exclamation point">exclamation point</a> or mark<span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">感嘆符</span></span>, <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">kantanfu</i></span>)</span>, also colloquially called the びっくりマーク (<i>bikkuri māku</i>, <a href="/wiki/Literal_translation" title="Literal translation">lit.</a> "surprise mark") is usually used after an interjection or exclamation to indicate strong feelings or high volume, and generally marks the end of a sentence. A sentence ending in an exclamation mark is either an actual exclamation ("Wow!", "Boo!"), a command ("Stop!"), or is intended to be astonishing in some way ("They were the footprints of a gigantic hound!"). </p><p>While there is no exclamation point in formal Japanese, it is very commonly used, especially in casual writing, <a href="/wiki/Fiction" title="Fiction">fiction</a> and manga. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Question_mark">Question mark</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Japanese_punctuation&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Question mark"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article on the Japanese Wikipedia: <span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%96%91%E5%95%8F%E7%AC%A6" class="extiw" title="ja:疑問符">疑問符</a></span></span></div> <dl><dd><span lang="ja" style="font-size:200%; line-height:1.5; padding:5px; white-space:nowrap; background:#ddf; border:1px solid #aaf"> ？ </span></dd></dl> <p>In formal Japanese, no particular symbol is used to mark interrogative sentences, which end with the normal Japanese full stop (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">。</span></span>). However, the question mark is very commonly used, especially in casual and creative writing and in manga. It is generally known formally as <span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">疑問符</span></span> (<i>gimonfu</i>) or less formally <span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">はてなマーク</span></span> (<i>hatena māku</i>), but the katakana form of "question mark" (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">クエスチョンマーク</span></span> or <span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">クエッションマーク</span></span>) is also common. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Musical_note">Musical note</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Japanese_punctuation&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Musical note"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article on the Japanese Wikipedia: <span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9F%B3%E7%AC%A6" class="extiw" title="ja:音符">音符</a></span></span></div> <dl><dd><span lang="ja" style="font-size:500%; line-height:1.5; padding:5px; white-space:nowrap; background:#ddf; border:1px solid #aaf"> ♪ </span></dd></dl> <p>This sign is added to the tail of a phrase, indicating it is a part of lyrics or someone is singing the phrase. It may also indicate that the speaker is talking in a sing-song voice. </p> <ul><li>example:<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">うさぎおひし♪ かのやま♪</span></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Japanese_punctuation&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/80px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">For a list of words relating to Japanese punctuation marks, see the <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Category:Japanese_punctuation_marks" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:Category:Japanese punctuation marks"><i><b>Japanese punctuation marks</b></i> category of words</a> in <a href="/wiki/Wiktionary" title="Wiktionary">Wiktionary</a>, the free dictionary.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iteration_mark" title="Iteration mark">Iteration mark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_typographic_symbols" class="mw-redirect" title="Japanese typographic symbols">Japanese typographic symbols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Asian_punctuation_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="East Asian punctuation (disambiguation)">East Asian punctuation</a>, notably: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_punctuation" title="Chinese punctuation">Chinese punctuation</a>, which uses a similar set of symbols but with some differences.</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Japanese_punctuation&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFCroesDexter2016" class="citation web cs1">Croes, Jaered Koichi; Dexter, Kristen (21 March 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tofugu.com/japanese/japanese-punctuation/">"「『The Art Of、 Japanese Punctuation〜。』」！？"</a>. <i>Tofugu</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Tofugu&rft.atitle=%E3%80%8C%E3%80%8EThe+Art+Of%E3%80%81+Japanese+Punctuation%E3%80%9C%E3%80%82%E3%80%8F%E3%80%8D%EF%BC%81%EF%BC%9F&rft.date=2016-03-21&rft.aulast=Croes&rft.aufirst=Jaered+Koichi&rft.au=Dexter%2C+Kristen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tofugu.com%2Fjapanese%2Fjapanese-punctuation%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJapanese+punctuation" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShogakukan_Dictionary_Editorial_Department2007" class="citation book cs1">Shogakukan Dictionary Editorial Department (September 13, 2007). <i>句読点、記号・符号活用辞典。</i> [<i>Punctuation, Symbol, and Sign Usage Dictionary</i>]. <a href="/wiki/Shogakukan" title="Shogakukan">Shogakukan</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-4095041766" title="Special:BookSources/978-4095041766"><bdi>978-4095041766</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%E5%8F%A5%E8%AA%AD%E7%82%B9%E3%80%81%E8%A8%98%E5%8F%B7%E3%83%BB%E7%AC%A6%E5%8F%B7%E6%B4%BB%E7%94%A8%E8%BE%9E%E5%85%B8%E3%80%82&rft.pub=Shogakukan&rft.date=2007-09-13&rft.isbn=978-4095041766&rft.au=Shogakukan+Dictionary+Editorial+Department&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJapanese+punctuation" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220526152515/https://densho.hatenablog.com/entry/dividing-punctuation-marks-and-jis">"<span lang="ja">感嘆符・疑問符の後の全角空白は本当にJIS由来？中の人に聞いてみたよ </span>"</a> [Does the full space after exclamation points and question marks come from JIS? I asked a person who knows.]. densho-chaneru. 14 November 2014. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://densho.hatenablog.com/entry/dividing-punctuation-marks-and-jis">the original</a> on 26 May 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 June</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22ja%3E%E6%84%9F%E5%98%86%E7%AC%A6%E3%83%BB%E7%96%91%E5%95%8F%E7%AC%A6%E3%81%AE%E5%BE%8C%E3%81%AE%E5%85%A8%E8%A7%92%E7%A9%BA%E7%99%BD%E3%81%AF%E6%9C%AC%E5%BD%93%E3%81%ABJIS%E7%94%B1%E6%9D%A5%EF%BC%9F+%E4%B8%AD%E3%81%AE%E4%BA%BA%E3%81%AB%E8%81%9E%E3%81%84%E3%81%A6%E3%81%BF%E3%81%9F%E3%82%88+%3C%2Fspan%3E&rft.pub=densho-chaneru&rft.date=2014-11-14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdensho.hatenablog.com%2Fentry%2Fdividing-punctuation-marks-and-jis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJapanese+punctuation" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Japanese_dialects" title="Japanese dialects"><b>Eastern</b></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hokkaido_dialects" title="Hokkaido dialects">Hokkaidō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C5%8Dhoku_dialect" title="Tōhoku dialect"><b>Tōhoku</b></a> <ul><li>Northern <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nanbu_dialect" title="Nanbu dialect">Nanbu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsugaru_dialect" title="Tsugaru dialect">Tsugaru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akita_dialect" title="Akita dialect">Akita</a></li></ul></li> <li>Southern <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kesen_dialect" title="Kesen dialect">Kesen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nairiku_dialect" title="Nairiku dialect">Nairiku</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kant%C5%8D_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Kantō dialect"><b>Kantō</b></a> <ul><li>Western <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gunma_dialect" title="Gunma dialect">Gunma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanagawa_dialect" title="Kanagawa dialect">Kanagawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tokyo_dialect" title="Tokyo dialect">Tokyo</a></li></ul></li> <li>Eastern <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ibaraki_dialect" title="Ibaraki dialect">Ibaraki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tochigi_dialect" title="Tochigi dialect">Tochigi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Izu_Archipelago_dialects" title="Northern Izu Archipelago dialects">Northern Izu Islands</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C5%8Dkai%E2%80%93T%C5%8Dsan_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Tōkai–Tōsan dialect"><b>Tōkai–Tōsan</b></a> <ul><li>Nagano-Yamanashi-Shizuoka <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shizuoka_dialect" title="Shizuoka dialect">Shizuoka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narada_dialect" title="Narada dialect">Narada</a></li></ul></li> <li>Echigo <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nagaoka_dialect" title="Nagaoka dialect">Nagaoka</a></li></ul></li> <li>Gifu-Aichi <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nagoya_dialect" title="Nagoya dialect">Nagoya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikawa_dialect" title="Mikawa dialect">Mikawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mino_dialect" title="Mino dialect">Mino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hida_dialect" title="Hida dialect">Hida</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Japanese_dialects" title="Japanese dialects"><b>Western</b></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hokuriku_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Hokuriku dialect"><b>Hokuriku</b></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kaga_dialect" title="Kaga dialect">Kaga</a> <ul><li>Kanazawa</li> <li>Shiramine</li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kansai_dialect" title="Kansai dialect"><b>Kansai</b></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Awaji_dialect" title="Awaji dialect">Awaji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bansh%C5%AB_dialect" title="Banshū dialect">Banshū</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kish%C5%AB_dialect" title="Kishū dialect">Kishū</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Okuyoshino_dialect" title="Okuyoshino dialect">Okuyoshino</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shikoku_dialect" title="Shikoku dialect"><b>Shikoku</b></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iyo_dialect" title="Iyo dialect">Iyo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tosa_dialect" title="Tosa dialect">Tosa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanuki_dialect" title="Sanuki dialect">Sanuki</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ch%C5%ABgoku_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Chūgoku dialect"><b>Chūgoku</b></a> <ul><li>San'yō <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bingo_dialect" title="Bingo dialect">Bingo</a></li></ul></li> <li>East San'in <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Insh%C5%AB_dialect" title="Inshū dialect">Inshū</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umpaku_dialect" title="Umpaku dialect"><b>Umpaku</b></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Japanese_dialects" title="Japanese dialects"><b>Kyūshū</b></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/H%C5%8Dnichi_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Hōnichi dialect"><b>Hōnichi</b></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C5%8Cita_dialect" title="Ōita dialect">Ōita</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hichiku_dialect" title="Hichiku dialect"><b>Hichiku</b></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chikuzen_dialect" title="Chikuzen dialect">Chikuzen</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hakata_dialect" title="Hakata dialect">Hakata</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumamoto_dialect" title="Kumamoto dialect">Kumamoto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nagasaki_dialect" title="Nagasaki dialect">Nagasaki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saga_dialect" title="Saga dialect">Saga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsushima_dialect" title="Tsushima dialect">Tsushima</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kagoshima_dialect" title="Kagoshima dialect"><b>Satsugū</b></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><b>Other</b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amami_Japanese" title="Amami Japanese">Amami Japanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Okinawan_Japanese" title="Okinawan Japanese">Okinawan Japanese</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Japanese-based_creole_languages" title="Japanese-based creole languages">Pidgins and creoles</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bamboo_English" title="Bamboo English">Bamboo English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bonin_English" title="Bonin English">Bonin English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_loanwords_in_Hawaii" title="Japanese loanwords in Hawaii">Hawaiian Creole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyowa-go" title="Kyowa-go">Kyowa-go</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pseudo-Chinese" title="Pseudo-Chinese">Pseudo-Chinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yilan_Creole_Japanese" title="Yilan Creole Japanese">Yilan Creole Japanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yokohama_Pidgin_Japanese" title="Yokohama Pidgin Japanese">Yokohama Pidgin Japanese</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Japonic_languages" title="Japonic languages">Japonic languages</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Old_Japanese" title="Eastern Old Japanese">Eastern Old Japanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hachij%C5%8D_language" title="Hachijō language">Hachijō</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hachij%C5%8D_grammar" title="Hachijō grammar">grammar</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ryukyuan_languages" title="Ryukyuan languages">Ryukyuan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Ryukyuan_languages" title="Northern Ryukyuan languages">Northern</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amami_%C5%8Cshima_language" title="Amami Ōshima language">Amami Ōshima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Amami_%C5%8Cshima_language" title="Southern Amami Ōshima language">Southern Amami Ōshima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kikai_language" title="Kikai language">Kikai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kunigami_language" title="Kunigami language">Kunigami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Okinawan_language" title="Okinawan language">Okinawan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Okinoerabu_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Okinoerabu language">Okinoerabu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tokunoshima_language" title="Tokunoshima language">Tokunoshima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoron_language" title="Yoron language">Yoron</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Ryukyuan_languages" title="Southern Ryukyuan languages">Southern</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Miyakoan_language" title="Miyakoan language">Miyako</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarama_language" title="Tarama language">Tarama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yaeyama_language" title="Yaeyama language">Yaeyama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yonaguni_language" title="Yonaguni language">Yonaguni</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Japanese_writing_system" title="Japanese writing system">Writing system</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Logogram" title="Logogram">Logograms</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_script_reform" title="Japanese script reform">Script reform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanbun" title="Kanbun">Kanbun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanji" title="Kanji">Kanji</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_kanji_by_stroke_count" class="mw-redirect" title="List of kanji by stroke count">by stroke count</a></li></ul></li> <li>Kanji radicals <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_kanji_radicals_by_frequency" title="List of kanji radicals by frequency">by frequency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_kanji_radicals_by_stroke_count" title="List of kanji radicals by stroke count">by stroke count</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kokuji" title="Kokuji">Kokuji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ryakuji" title="Ryakuji">Ryakuji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ateji" title="Ateji">Ateji</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Kana" title="Kana">Kana</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hiragana" title="Hiragana">Hiragana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katakana" title="Katakana">Katakana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Furigana" title="Furigana">Furigana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Okurigana" title="Okurigana">Okurigana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goj%C5%ABon" title="Gojūon">Gojūon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Man%27y%C5%8Dgana" title="Man'yōgana">Man'yōgana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hentaigana" title="Hentaigana">Hentaigana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C5%8Dgana" title="Sōgana">Sōgana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kana_ligature" title="Kana ligature">Kana ligature</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Orthography</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_Braille" title="Japanese Braille">Braille</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Braille_kanji" title="Braille kanji">Kanji</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Punctuation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanazukai" title="Kanazukai">Kanazukai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historical_kana_orthography" title="Historical kana orthography">Historical kana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_kana_usage" title="Modern kana usage">Modern kana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C5%8Ddai_Tokushu_Kanazukai" title="Jōdai Tokushu Kanazukai">Jōdai Tokushu Kanazukai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yotsugana" title="Yotsugana">Yotsugana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transcription_into_Japanese" title="Transcription into Japanese">Transcription into Japanese</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Encoding</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Extended_Unix_Code" title="Extended Unix Code">EUC</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Extended_Unix_Code#EUC-JP" title="Extended Unix Code">EUC-JP</a></li></ul></li> <li>ISO/IEC <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_2022" title="ISO/IEC 2022">2022</a></li></ul></li> <li>JIS <ul><li><a href="/wiki/JIS_X_0201" title="JIS X 0201">0201</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JIS_X_0208" title="JIS X 0208">0208</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JIS_X_0211" title="JIS X 0211">0211</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JIS_X_0212" title="JIS X 0212">0212</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JIS_X_0213" title="JIS X 0213">0213</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shift_JIS" title="Shift JIS">Shift JIS</a></li></ul></li> <li>Unicode <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hiragana_(Unicode_block)" title="Hiragana (Unicode block)">Hiragana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kana_Extended-A" title="Kana Extended-A">Kana Extended-A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kana_Extended-B" title="Kana Extended-B">Kana Extended-B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kana_Supplement" title="Kana Supplement">Kana Supplement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Small_Kana_Extension" title="Small Kana Extension">Small Kana Extension</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katakana_(Unicode_block)" title="Katakana (Unicode block)">Katakana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katakana_Phonetic_Extensions" title="Katakana Phonetic Extensions">Katakana Phonetic Extensions</a></li></ul></li> <li>Other <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ARIB_STD_B24_character_set" title="ARIB STD B24 character set">ARIB STD B24</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enclosed_CJK_Letters_and_Months" title="Enclosed CJK Letters and Months">Enclosed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enclosed_Ideographic_Supplement" title="Enclosed Ideographic Supplement">EIS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extended_shinjitai" title="Extended shinjitai">Extended shinjitai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halfwidth_and_fullwidth_forms" title="Halfwidth and fullwidth forms">Half/Full</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Grammar and<br />vocabulary</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_grammar" title="Japanese grammar">Japanese grammar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_verb_conjugation" class="mw-redirect" title="Japanese verb conjugation">Verb conjugations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_godan_and_ichidan_verbs" title="Japanese godan and ichidan verbs">Godan and ichidan verbs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_irregular_verbs" title="Japanese irregular verbs">Irregular verbs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_pronouns" title="Japanese pronouns">Pronouns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_adjectives" title="Japanese adjectives">Adjectives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_possessives" title="Japanese possessives">Possessives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_particles" title="Japanese particles">Particles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Topic_marker" title="Topic marker">Topic marker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_counter_word" title="Japanese counter word">Counter words</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_numerals" title="Japanese numerals">Numerals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yamato_kotoba" class="mw-redirect" title="Yamato kotoba">Native words (<i>yamato kotoba</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sino-Japanese_vocabulary" title="Sino-Japanese vocabulary">Sino-Japanese vocabulary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gairaigo" class="mw-redirect" title="Gairaigo">Loan words (<i>gairaigo</i>)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_Japanese_words_of_Dutch_origin" title="Glossary of Japanese words of Dutch origin">from Dutch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_Japanese_words_of_Portuguese_origin" title="Glossary of Japanese words of Portuguese origin">from Portuguese</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wasei-eigo" title="Wasei-eigo">Wasei-eigo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wasei-kango" title="Wasei-kango">Wasei-kango</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Engrish" title="Engrish">Engrish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honorific_speech_in_Japanese" title="Honorific speech in Japanese">Honorific speech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_honorifics" title="Japanese honorifics">Honorifics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ny%C5%8Db%C5%8D_kotoba" title="Nyōbō kotoba">Court lady language (<i>nyōbō kotoba</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yakuwarigo" title="Yakuwarigo">Role language (<i>yakuwarigo</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_differences_in_Japanese" title="Gender differences in Japanese">Gender differences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_dictionary" title="Japanese dictionary">Dictionaries</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Japanese_phonology" title="Japanese phonology">Phonology</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_pitch_accent" title="Japanese pitch accent">Pitch accent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rendaku" title="Rendaku">Rendaku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_sound_symbolism" title="Japanese sound symbolism">Sound symbolism</a></li> <li>Kanji pronunciation sources <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Go-on" title="Go-on">Go-on</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kan-on" title="Kan-on">Kan-on</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C5%8D-on" title="Tō-on">Tō-on</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Transliteration</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Japanese" title="Romanization of Japanese">Romanization</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hepburn_romanization" title="Hepburn romanization">Hepburn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nihon-shiki_romanization" title="Nihon-shiki romanization">Nihon-shiki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kunrei-shiki_romanization" title="Kunrei-shiki romanization">Kunrei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JSL_romanization" title="JSL romanization">JSL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W%C4%81puro_r%C5%8Dmaji" title="Wāpuro rōmaji">Wāpuro rōmaji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transcription_of_the_Japanese_language_in_Esperanto" title="Transcription of the Japanese language in Esperanto">In Esperanto</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyrillization_of_Japanese" title="Cyrillization of Japanese">Cyrillization</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Polivanov_system" title="Polivanov system">Polivanov system</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Japanese_literature" title="Japanese literature">Literature</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_books" class="mw-redirect" title="Japanese books">Books</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_poetry" title="Japanese poetry">Poetry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Japanese_writers" title="List of Japanese writers">Writers</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Japanese_speculative_fiction_writers" title="List of Japanese speculative fiction writers">Speculative fiction writers</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classical_Japanese" title="Classical Japanese">Classical Japanese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_classical_Japanese_texts" title="List of classical Japanese texts">texts</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Japanese_punctuation&oldid=1254555696">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Japanese_punctuation&oldid=1254555696</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" 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