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<span>Toggle Geography subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Territory" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Territory"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Territory</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Territory-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Settlements" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Settlements"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Settlements</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Settlements-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Solonion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Solonion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.1</span> <span>Solonion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Solonion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vienna" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vienna"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.2</span> <span>Vienna</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vienna-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_settlements" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_settlements"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.3</span> <span>Other settlements</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_settlements-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Pre-Roman_period" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pre-Roman_period"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Pre-Roman period</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pre-Roman_period-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Origin" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Origin"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.1</span> <span>Origin</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Origin-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hannibal's_crossing_of_the_Alps_(218_BC)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hannibal's_crossing_of_the_Alps_(218_BC)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.2</span> <span>Hannibal's crossing of the Alps (218 BC)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hannibal's_crossing_of_the_Alps_(218_BC)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Early_Roman_period" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_Roman_period"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Early Roman period</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_Roman_period-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Annexion_to_the_Roman_Republic_(121_BC)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Annexion_to_the_Roman_Republic_(121_BC)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.1</span> <span>Annexion to the Roman Republic (121 BC)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Annexion_to_the_Roman_Republic_(121_BC)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legal_protests_(69–63_BC)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legal_protests_(69–63_BC)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.2</span> <span>Legal protests (69–63 BC)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legal_protests_(69–63_BC)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Revolt_against_Rome_(62–61_BC)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Revolt_against_Rome_(62–61_BC)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.3</span> <span>Revolt against Rome (62–61 BC)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Revolt_against_Rome_(62–61_BC)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Political_turmoils_(58–44_BC)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Political_turmoils_(58–44_BC)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.4</span> <span>Political turmoils (58–44 BC)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Political_turmoils_(58–44_BC)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Roman_Empire" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Roman_Empire"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Roman Empire</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Roman_Empire-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Religion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Political_organization" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Political_organization"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Political organization</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Political_organization-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Economy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legacy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legacy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Legacy</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Legacy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Legacy subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Legacy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Légion_des_Allobroges" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Légion_des_Allobroges"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Légion des Allobroges</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Légion_des_Allobroges-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Primary_sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Primary_sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>Primary sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Primary_sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.2</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Allobroges</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 30 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-30" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">30 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allobroger" title="Allobroger – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Allobroger" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%96" title="Алаброгі – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Алаброгі" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8" title="Алоброги – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Алоброги" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allobroged" title="Allobroged – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Allobroged" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al%C2%B7l%C3%B2broges" title="Al·lòbroges – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Al·lòbroges" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allobrogov%C3%A9" title="Allobrogové – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Allobrogové" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allobroges" title="Allobroges – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Allobroges" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allobroger" title="Allobroger – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Allobroger" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CE%BB%CE%BB%CF%8C%CE%B2%CF%81%CE%BF%CE%B3%CE%B5%CF%82" title="Αλλόβρογες – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Αλλόβρογες" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al%C3%B3broges" title="Alóbroges – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Alóbroges" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allobroges" title="Allobroges – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Allobroges" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alobro%C5%BEani" title="Alobrožani – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Alobrožani" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allobrogi" title="Allobrogi – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Allobrogi" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%92%D7%99%D7%9D" title="אלוברוגים – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אלוברוגים" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Аллоброгтар – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Аллоброгтар" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allobroges" title="Allobroges – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Allobroges" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alobrogai" title="Alobrogai – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Alobrogai" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allobrogok" title="Allobrogok – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Allobrogok" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allobroges" title="Allobroges – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Allobroges" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allobr%C3%B2gues" title="Allobrògues – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Allobrògues" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allobrogowie" title="Allobrogowie – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Allobrogowie" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al%C3%B3broges" title="Alóbroges – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Alóbroges" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alobrogi" title="Alobrogi – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Alobrogi" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8" title="Аллоброги – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Аллоброги" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alobrogi" title="Alobrogi – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Alobrogi" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alobrogi" title="Alobrogi – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Alobrogi" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allobrogit" title="Allobrogit – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Allobrogit" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allobroger" title="Allobroger – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Allobroger" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a 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href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Greek language">Ancient Greek</a>: <span lang="grc">Ἀλλοβρίγων, Ἀλλόβριγες</span>) were a <a href="/wiki/Gauls" title="Gauls">Gallic</a> people dwelling in a large territory between the <a href="/wiki/Rh%C3%B4ne" title="Rhône">Rhône</a> river and the <a href="/wiki/Alps" title="Alps">Alps</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Iron_Age_Europe" title="Iron Age Europe">Iron Age</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Roman_period" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman period">Roman period</a>. </p><p>The Allobroges came relatively late to Gaul compared to most other tribes of <a href="/wiki/Gallia_Narbonensis" title="Gallia Narbonensis">Gallia Narbonensis</a>; they first appear in historical records in connection with <a href="/wiki/Hannibal%27s_crossing_of_the_Alps" title="Hannibal's crossing of the Alps">Hannibal's crossing of the Alps</a> in 218 BC.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKruta2000290,_308_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKruta2000290,_308-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELafond2006_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELafond2006-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Their territory was subsequently annexed to Rome in 121 BC by <a href="/wiki/Gnaeus_Domitius_Ahenobarbus_(consul_122_BC)" title="Gnaeus Domitius Ahenobarbus (consul 122 BC)">Gnaeus Domitius Ahenobarbus</a> and <a href="/wiki/Quintus_Fabius_Maximus_Allobrogicus" title="Quintus Fabius Maximus Allobrogicus">Quintus Fabius Maximus Allobrogicus</a>. An attempted revolt was crushed by <a href="/wiki/Gaius_Pomptinus" title="Gaius Pomptinus">Gaius Pomptinus</a> in 61 BC. However, they had rejected the <a href="/wiki/Second_Catilinarian_conspiracy" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Catilinarian conspiracy">second Catilinarian conspiracy</a> in 63 BC. During the <a href="/wiki/Gallic_Wars" title="Gallic Wars">Gallic Wars</a>, the Allobroges did not side with <a href="/wiki/Vercingetorix" title="Vercingetorix">Vercingetorix</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Alesia" title="Battle of Alesia">Battle of Alesia</a> in 52 BC. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Name">Name</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Allobroges&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Name"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Attestations">Attestations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Allobroges&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Attestations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>They are mentioned as <i>A̓llobrígōn</i> (Ἀλλοβρίγων) by <a href="/wiki/Polybius" title="Polybius">Polybius</a> (2nd c. BC) and <a href="/wiki/Strabo" title="Strabo">Strabo</a> (early 1st c. AD),<sup id="cite_ref-Strabo_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Strabo-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Allobroges</i> by <a href="/wiki/Julius_Caesar" title="Julius Caesar">Caesar</a> (mid-1st c. BC) and <a href="/wiki/Livy" title="Livy">Livy</a> (late 1st c. BC),<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Livy_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Livy-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>A̓llóbriges</i> ( Ἀλλόβριγες), <i>Allóbrigas</i> (Ἀλλόβριγας) and <i>Allobrígōn</i> (Ἀλλοβρίγων) by <a href="/wiki/Appian" title="Appian">Appian</a> (2nd c. AD),<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>A̓llóbriges</i> (Ἀλλόβριγες; <small>var.</small> Ἀλλόβρυγες, Ἀλλόβρογες) by <a href="/wiki/Ptolemy" title="Ptolemy">Ptolemy</a> (2nd c. AD),<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and as <i>Allobrogas</i> by <a href="/wiki/Orosius" title="Orosius">Orosius</a> (early 5th c. AD).<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Etymology">Etymology</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Allobroges&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Ethnonym" title="Ethnonym">ethnonym</a> <i>Allobroges</i> is a Latinized form of the <a href="/wiki/Gaulish_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Gaulish language">Gaulish</a> *<i>Allobrogis</i> (<small>sing.</small> <i>Allobrox</i>), which literally means 'those from another country' or 'those from the other frontier', that is to say the 'foreigners' or the 'exiled'. The personal names <i>Allo-brogicus</i> and <i>Allo-broxus</i> are related; they all stem from the <a href="/wiki/Proto-Celtic_language" title="Proto-Celtic language">Celtic</a> root <i>allo</i>- ('other, second') attached to <i>brogi-</i> ('territory, region, <a href="/wiki/March_(territory)" title="March (territory)">march</a>').<sup id="cite_ref-etym_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-etym-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This may give further evidence of the relatively recent coming of the Allobroges in the region.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKruta200071_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKruta200071-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Their name can indeed be contrasted with that of the <a href="/wiki/Nitiobroges" title="Nitiobroges"><i>Nitio-broges</i></a> ('indigenous'), who lived further southwest on the middle <a href="/wiki/Garonne" title="Garonne">Garonne river</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKruta200071_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKruta200071-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDelamarre2003235_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDelamarre2003235-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Gaulish *<i>Allobrogis</i> is <a href="/wiki/Cognate" title="Cognate">cognate</a> with the Welsh <i>allfro</i> ('foreigner, exiled') – both stemming from the Celtic <a href="/wiki/Compound_(linguistics)" title="Compound (linguistics)">compound</a> *<i>allo-mrogis</i> –, and with the Germanic <i>alja-markiz</i> ('the foreigner'), found in an inscription from Karstad, which may indicate a Celtic-Germanic correspondence of the term.<sup id="cite_ref-etym_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-etym-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A mountain in the <a href="/wiki/Mont_Blanc_massif" title="Mont Blanc massif">Mont Blanc massif</a> is still called <i><a href="/wiki/Pointe_Allobrogia" title="Pointe Allobrogia">Pointe Allobrogia</a></i>, which could be the remnant of an ancient territorial claim made by the Gallic people.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPelletier198255–56_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPelletier198255–56-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Allobroges&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Territory">Territory</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Allobroges&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Territory"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Carte_allobrogie.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Carte_allobrogie.PNG/220px-Carte_allobrogie.PNG" decoding="async" width="220" height="254" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Carte_allobrogie.PNG/330px-Carte_allobrogie.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Carte_allobrogie.PNG/440px-Carte_allobrogie.PNG 2x" data-file-width="953" data-file-height="1100" /></a><figcaption>Territory of the Allobroges during the <a href="/wiki/Roman_period" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman period">Roman period</a> (dark green).</figcaption></figure><p>The territory of the Allobroges, which is known as <i>Allobrogia</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBocquet200928_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBocquet200928-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> stretched between the <a href="/wiki/Is%C3%A8re_(river)" title="Isère (river)">Isère</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Rh%C3%B4ne" title="Rhône">Rhône</a> rivers, the <a href="/wiki/Lake_Geneva" title="Lake Geneva">Lacus Lemannus</a> (Lake Geneva) and the <a href="/wiki/Alps" title="Alps">Alps</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKruta2000404_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKruta2000404-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELafond2006_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELafond2006-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By the mid-1st century BC, they also possessed a piece of land north of the Rhône river, between modern <a href="/wiki/Lyon" title="Lyon">Lyon</a> and <a href="/wiki/Geneva" title="Geneva">Geneva</a>, whose later status remains uncertain.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERivet1988310_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERivet1988310-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the Roman period, the <i><a href="/wiki/Civitas" title="Civitas">civitas</a></i> <i>Viennensium</i> covered an area of around 13,000 km<sup>2</sup>, one of the largest in Gaul.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPelletier198260_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPelletier198260-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Allobroges lived east of the <a href="/wiki/Segusiavi" title="Segusiavi">Segusiavi</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Vellavi" class="mw-redirect" title="Vellavi">Vellavi</a>, south of the <a href="/wiki/Ambarri" title="Ambarri">Ambarri</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sequani" title="Sequani">Sequani</a>, north of the <a href="/wiki/Segovellauni" title="Segovellauni">Segovellauni</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vertamocorii_(Narbonensis)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vertamocorii (Narbonensis) (page does not exist)">Vertamocorii</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vocontii" title="Vocontii">Vocontii</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tricorii&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tricorii (page does not exist)">Tricorii</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ucennii" title="Ucennii">Ucennii</a>, <a href="/wiki/Graioceli" title="Graioceli">Graioceli</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ceutrones" title="Ceutrones">Ceutrones</a>, and southwest of the <a href="/wiki/Helvetii" title="Helvetii">Helvetii</a> and <a href="/wiki/Veragri" title="Veragri">Veragri</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Settlements">Settlements</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Allobroges&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Settlements"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Solonion">Solonion</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Allobroges&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Solonion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Until its destruction by the Romans in 61 BC, the main settlement of the Allobroges was known as Solonion, possibly corresponding to the modern village of <a href="/wiki/Salagnon" title="Salagnon">Salagnon</a>, near <a href="/wiki/Bourgoin-Jallieu" title="Bourgoin-Jallieu">Bourgoin-Jallieu</a>, or else to <a href="/wiki/Montmiral" title="Montmiral">Montmiral</a>, near <a href="/wiki/Saint-Marcellin,_Is%C3%A8re" title="Saint-Marcellin, Isère">Saint-Marcellin</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPelletier198227_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPelletier198227-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Vienna">Vienna</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Allobroges&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Vienna"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The site of Vienna (modern <a href="/wiki/Vienne,_Is%C3%A8re" title="Vienne, Isère">Vienne</a>, France), situated at the confluence of the <a href="/wiki/G%C3%A8re" title="Gère">Gère</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rh%C3%B4ne" title="Rhône">Rhône</a> rivers, was occupied by the Celts since the early 4th century BC.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPelletier198214_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPelletier198214-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBocquet200953_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBocquet200953-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPrisset2012_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPrisset2012-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It served as a small river port protected by two <a href="/wiki/Oppida" class="mw-redirect" title="Oppida">oppida</a>, one on the Pipet hill, and one on the Sainte-Blandine hill, and perhaps surrounded by a wall.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPelletier198214_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPelletier198214-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although it remained a village until the 1st century BC, Vienna held a central position at a trading crossroad between northern Gaul, the <a href="/wiki/Italian_Peninsula" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian Peninsula">Italian Peninsula</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_Sea" title="Mediterranean Sea">Mediterranean Sea</a>, before it was eventually outshined by the nearby <a href="/wiki/Lugdunum" title="Lugdunum">Lugdunum</a> during the reign of <a href="/wiki/Augustus" title="Augustus">Augustus</a> (27 BC–14 AD). Until that time, Vienna was indeed the only place in the region where the Rhône could be crossed by foot.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPelletier1978922_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPelletier1978922-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since its creation, the port had been maintaining trade relations with the Greek colony of <a href="/wiki/Massilia" class="mw-redirect" title="Massilia">Massalia</a>, on the Mediterranean coast.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPelletier198214_20-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPelletier198214-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After the destruction of Solonion by the Romans in 61 BC, the Allobrogian chieftains decided to move their place of residence to Vienna.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPelletier198226–27_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPelletier198226–27-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Around 50 BC, the settlement possibly became a colonia Latina, leading to the immigration of settlers from the Italian Peninsula. According to most scholars,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGascou1999159_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGascou1999159-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> after their expulsion by the local Allobroges in March 44 BC during the political troubles that followed the <a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_Caesar" class="mw-redirect" title="Assassination of Caesar">assassination of Caesar</a>, those Roman settlers moved further north, where <a href="/wiki/Munatius_Plancus" class="mw-redirect" title="Munatius Plancus">Munatius Plancus</a> founded for them the colony of Lugdunum the following year.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPelletier198232–35_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPelletier198232–35-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERivet1988306_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERivet1988306-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Alternatively, some scholars date the expulsion of the settlers to the Allobrogian revolt of 62–62, and contend that Vienna was made into a colony only later at the time of Octavian.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGascou1999162_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGascou1999162-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>And to prevent [Lepidus and Lucius Plancus'] suspecting anything and consequently causing trouble, [the senators] ordered them to establish in a colony in Gallia Narbonensis the men who had once been driven by the Allobroges out of Vienna and afterwards established between the Rhone and the Arar, at their confluence.</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite><a href="#CITEREFCassius_Dio1914">Cassius Dio 1914</a>, <i>Rhōmaïkḕ Historía</i>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loebclassics.com/view/dio_cassius-roman_history/1914/pb_LCL082.103.xml">46:50</a>.</cite></div></blockquote> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Viennaetemplum.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Viennaetemplum.jpg/239px-Viennaetemplum.jpg" decoding="async" width="239" height="179" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Viennaetemplum.jpg/359px-Viennaetemplum.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Viennaetemplum.jpg/478px-Viennaetemplum.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="2112" /></a><figcaption>Roman temple in Vienna.</figcaption></figure> <p>Under <a href="/wiki/Octavian" class="mw-redirect" title="Octavian">Octavian</a>, sometime between 40 and 27 BC, Vienna became known as <i>Colonia Iulia</i> <i>Viennensium</i>, then was made into a colonia Romana known as <i>Colonia Iulia Augusta Florentia</i> <i>Vienna (or Viennensium)</i>, either under <a href="/wiki/Augustus" title="Augustus">Augustus</a> (ca. 15 BC) or <a href="/wiki/Caligula" title="Caligula">Caligula</a> (ca. 40 AD).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPelletier198276–79_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPelletier198276–79-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERivet1988306_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERivet1988306-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGascou1999165_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGascou1999165-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 35 AD, the Allobrogian citizen <a href="/wiki/Valerius_Asiaticus" class="mw-redirect" title="Valerius Asiaticus">Valerius Asiaticus</a> became the first Gallic man to be elected as <a href="/wiki/Roman_consul" title="Roman consul">Roman consul</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPelletier1982287_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPelletier1982287-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Vienna was also made into the capital of the Allobrogian <a href="/wiki/Civitas" title="Civitas">civitas</a>, and became one of the most powerful cities of Gaul during the first century AD. In the second half of the 3rd century, the city declined and shrank to its original urban core, although it remained an important settlement during the 4th century, serving as the occasional residence of the emperors <a href="/wiki/Julian_(emperor)" title="Julian (emperor)">Julian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Valentinian_II" title="Valentinian II">Valentinian II</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPrisset2012_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPrisset2012-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Other_settlements">Other settlements</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Allobroges&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Other settlements"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Gen%C4%81%CC%81va" class="mw-redirect" title="Genā́va">Genaua</a> ('[river] mouth';<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDelamarre2003177_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDelamarre2003177-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> modern <a href="/wiki/Gen%C3%A8ve" class="mw-redirect" title="Genève">Genève</a>) was an <a href="/wiki/Oppidum" title="Oppidum">oppidum</a> erected on the hill of Saint-Pierre next to the Rhône, the <a href="/wiki/Arve" title="Arve">Arve</a> and the Lake Geneva, which allowed them to control the inland navigation on the Rhône. Located near the border of the <a href="/wiki/Helvetii" title="Helvetii">Helvetii</a> territory, Genaua was occupied from 130 BC at the latest.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKruta2000636_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKruta2000636-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFuchs2012_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFuchs2012-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Another important Allobrogian settlement was located in <a href="/wiki/Cularo" title="Cularo">Cularo</a> ('field of squash',<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDelamarre2003131_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDelamarre2003131-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> modern <a href="/wiki/Grenoble" title="Grenoble">Grenoble</a>), first mentioned by Munatius Plancus in 43 BC and later renamed to Gratianopolis.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERivet198876_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERivet198876-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Other oppida have been excavated at <a href="/wiki/Musi%C3%A8ges" title="Musièges">Musièges</a>, Larina (<a href="/wiki/Hi%C3%A8res-sur-Amby" title="Hières-sur-Amby">Hières-sur-Amby</a>), Saint-Saturnin (<a href="/wiki/Chamb%C3%A9ry" title="Chambéry">Chambéry</a>), Les Étroits (<a href="/wiki/Saint-Lattier" title="Saint-Lattier">Saint-Lattier</a>), Quatre-Têtes (<a href="/wiki/Saint-Just-de-Claix" title="Saint-Just-de-Claix">Saint-Just-de-Claix</a>), and Rochefort (<a href="/wiki/Varces-Alli%C3%A8res-et-Risset" title="Varces-Allières-et-Risset">Varces</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBocquet200958_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBocquet200958-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Allobroges&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pre-Roman_period">Pre-Roman period</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Allobroges&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Pre-Roman period"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Origin">Origin</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Allobroges&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Origin"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Allobroges probably settled relatively late in Southern Gaul, for they are not attested before the late 3rd century BC, in connection with <a href="/wiki/Hannibal" title="Hannibal">Hannibal</a>'s crossing of the Alps in 218 BC.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKruta2000290,_308_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKruta2000290,_308-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELafond2006_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELafond2006-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to some scholars, they may be identified with the <a href="/wiki/Gaesatae" title="Gaesatae">Gaesatae</a>, a group of mercenary warriors first mentioned a few years earlier in the region and who fought against the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Republic" title="Roman Republic">Roman Republic</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Telamon" title="Battle of Telamon">Battle of Telamon</a> (225 BC).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKruta2000290,_308_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKruta2000290,_308-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBocquet200935–36_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBocquet200935–36-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Allobroges may thus be the descendants of mobile groups of Gallic mercenaries who were active across central Europe in the first part of the 3rd century BC, and who eventually settled between the Rhône and the Alps in search for new opportunities during the later decades of the century.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKruta2000290,_308_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKruta2000290,_308-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Hannibal's_crossing_of_the_Alps_(218_BC)"><span id="Hannibal.27s_crossing_of_the_Alps_.28218_BC.29"></span>Hannibal's crossing of the Alps (218 BC)</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Allobroges&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Hannibal's crossing of the Alps (218 BC)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hannibal_crossing_the_Alps_into_Italy.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Hannibal_crossing_the_Alps_into_Italy.jpg/189px-Hannibal_crossing_the_Alps_into_Italy.jpg" decoding="async" width="189" height="299" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Hannibal_crossing_the_Alps_into_Italy.jpg/283px-Hannibal_crossing_the_Alps_into_Italy.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Hannibal_crossing_the_Alps_into_Italy.jpg/377px-Hannibal_crossing_the_Alps_into_Italy.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1979" data-file-height="3135" /></a><figcaption>Hannibal crossing the Alps into Italy.</figcaption></figure> <p>In the mid-2nd century BC, the Greek historian <a href="/wiki/Polybius" title="Polybius">Polybius</a> first mentioned the Allobroges in his account of <a href="/wiki/Hannibal%27s_crossing_of_the_Alps" title="Hannibal's crossing of the Alps">Hannibal's crossing of the Alps</a> in 218 BC. The Allobroges of the plain helped the Carthaginian conqueror, whereas those of the mountains tried in vain to block his passage.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERivet198831_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERivet198831-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>... [Hannibal] reached a place called the 'Island', a populous district producing abundance of corn and deriving its name from its situation; for the Rhone and Isère running along each side of it meet at its point ... On arriving there he found two brothers disputing the crown and posted over against each other with their armies, and on the elder one making overtures to him and begging him to assist in establishing him on the throne, he consented, it being almost a matter of certainty that under present circumstances this would be of great service to him.</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite><a href="#CITEREFPolybius2010">Polybius 2010</a>. <i>Historíai</i>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loebclassics.com/view/polybius-histories/2010/pb_LCL137.131.xml">3:49–50</a>.</cite></div></blockquote> <p>Hannibal then expelled the other chieftain and was given new weapons, corn, warm clothing and footwear by his local ally. The latter protected him in the rear with him own forces through the territory of the Allobroges, until he reached the foot of the Alpine pass.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERivet198831_39-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERivet198831-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>... For as long as they had been in flat country, the various chiefs of the Allobroges had left them alone, being afraid both of the cavalry and of the barbarians who were escorting them. But when the latter had set off on their return home, and Hannibal's troops began to advance into the difficult region, the Allobrogian chieftains got together a considerable force and occupied advantageous positions on the road by which the Carthaginians would be obliged to ascend. Had they only kept their project secret, they would have utterly annihilated the Carthaginian army, but, as it was, it was discovered, and though they inflicted a good deal of damage on Hannibal, they did as much injury to themselves ...</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite><a href="#CITEREFPolybius2010">Polybius 2010</a>. <i>Historíai</i>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loebclassics.com/view/polybius-histories/2010/pb_LCL137.131.xml">3:49–50</a>.</cite></div></blockquote> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Livy" title="Livy">Livy</a>'s version, the Gallic chieftain who provided assistance to Hannibal is named Brancus ('the claw', <small>var.</small> <i>Braneus</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBocquet200933_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBocquet200933-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Livy_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Livy-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to some scholars, since the 'Island' mentioned by ancient authors corresponds to the territory of the <a href="/wiki/Segovellauni" title="Segovellauni">Segovellauni</a>, Brancus may actually be Segovellaunian.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBocquet2009102–104_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBocquet2009102–104-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In his account, however, Livy specifically states that the two chieftains were Allobroges.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERivet198831_39-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERivet198831-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>From the 2nd century BC onward, a climate change known as the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Warm_Period" title="Roman Warm Period">Roman Warm Period</a> led to a reduction in migrations from Central and Northern Europe. As a result, the adoption rate of a sedentary lifestyle among the former roving tribes of the region, including the Allobroges, probably increased during the late 2nd and 1st century BC. Greek geographer <a href="/wiki/Strabo" title="Strabo">Strabo</a> later wrote in the early 1st century AD, "formerly the Allobroges kept up warfare with many myriads of men, whereas now they till the plains and the glens that are in the Alps."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBocquet200913_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBocquet200913-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_Roman_period">Early Roman period</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Allobroges&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Early Roman period"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Annexion_to_the_Roman_Republic_(121_BC)"><span id="Annexion_to_the_Roman_Republic_.28121_BC.29"></span>Annexion to the Roman Republic (121 BC)</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Allobroges&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Annexion to the Roman Republic (121 BC)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Between 125 and 122 BC, the Romans crossed the Alps and fought the <a href="/wiki/Salluvii" class="mw-redirect" title="Salluvii">Salluvii</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vocontii" title="Vocontii">Vocontii</a>. During the conflict, the Allobroges gave shelter to the Salluvian leaders, including their king <a href="/w/index.php?title=Toutomotoulos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Toutomotoulos (page does not exist)">Toutomotoulos</a>, and refused to hand them over, which, added to the fact that the Allobroges had raided the <a href="/wiki/Aedui" title="Aedui">Aedui</a>, a recent ally of Rome, led the latter to declare war against them.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPelletier198217–18_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPelletier198217–18-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERivet198840–41_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERivet198840–41-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERawlings2017_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERawlings2017-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>They were defeated by the Romans forces of <a href="/wiki/Gnaeus_Domitius_Ahenobarbus_(consul_122_BC)" title="Gnaeus Domitius Ahenobarbus (consul 122 BC)">Gnaeus Domitius Ahenobarbus</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Vindalium" title="Battle of Vindalium">Battle of Vindalium</a> in 121 BC, which occurred in modern Mourre-de-Sève (<a href="/wiki/Sorgues" title="Sorgues">Sorgues</a>), at the confluence of the Rhône and <a href="/wiki/Sorgue" title="Sorgue">Sorgue</a> rivers in <a href="/wiki/Cavari" title="Cavari">Cavarian</a> territory. The Allobrogian cavalry reportedly feared the Roman <a href="/wiki/War_elephants" class="mw-redirect" title="War elephants">war elephants</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Orosius" title="Orosius">Orosius</a> writes that they lost 20,000 men while 3,000 of them were captured. In August of the same year, the Roman army, strengthened by the troops of <a href="/wiki/Fabius_Maximus" class="mw-redirect" title="Fabius Maximus">Quintus Fabius Maximus</a>, inflicted a decisive defeat on a massive combined force of Allobroges, <a href="/wiki/Arveni" class="mw-redirect" title="Arveni">Arveni</a> and the remaining Salluvii at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Is%C3%A8re_River" title="Battle of the Isère River">Battle of the Isère River</a>. The Allobrogian territory was subsequently annexed to Rome by Domitius Ahenobarbus and Fabius Maximus, the latter earning the <a href="/wiki/Cognomen" title="Cognomen">cognomen</a> <i>Allobrogicus</i> for this feat.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPelletier198217–18_43-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPelletier198217–18-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERivet198840–41_44-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERivet198840–41-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERawlings2017_45-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERawlings2017-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Between 120 and 117, those new Roman lands were progressively pacified and incorporated into a <a href="/wiki/Roman_province" title="Roman province">Roman province</a> known as <a href="/wiki/Gallia_Transalpina" class="mw-redirect" title="Gallia Transalpina">Gallia Transalpina</a> by Domitius Ahenobarbus.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPelletier198217–18_43-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPelletier198217–18-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Allobroges had to pay heavy taxes to Rome, although they were allowed to keep their administrative autonomy and territory.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPelletier198221–24_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPelletier198221–24-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They likely suffered from the invasions of the <a href="/wiki/Cimbri" title="Cimbri">Cimbri</a> and <a href="/wiki/Teutons" title="Teutons">Teutoni</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Cimbrian_War" title="Cimbrian War">Cimbrian War</a> in 107–102 BC. The Allobrogian territory – Vienna in particular as it was located in the middle of the Rhône Valley – represented the northern frontier that separated Rome from the '<a href="/wiki/Barbarian" title="Barbarian">barbarian</a>' world, and was thus exposed to the attacks of potentially hostile Gallic and Germanic tribes.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPelletier198219–21_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPelletier198219–21-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Legal_protests_(69–63_BC)"><span id="Legal_protests_.2869.E2.80.9363_BC.29"></span>Legal protests (69–63 BC)</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Allobroges&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Legal protests (69–63 BC)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 69 BC, the Allobroges sent a delegation to Rome led by their chief <a href="/w/index.php?title=Indutiomarus_(Allobroges)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Indutiomarus (Allobroges) (page does not exist)">Indutiomarus</a> in order to protest against the heavy taxes imposed by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Marcus_Fonteius&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marcus Fonteius (page does not exist)">Marcus Fonteius</a>, the Roman governor of <a href="/wiki/Gallia_Transalpina" class="mw-redirect" title="Gallia Transalpina">Gallia Transalpina</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPelletier198223–25_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPelletier198223–25-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Already in 104 BC, the tribune <a href="/wiki/Gnaeus_Domitius_Ahenobarbus_(consul_96_BC)" title="Gnaeus Domitius Ahenobarbus (consul 96 BC)">Domitius Ahenobarbus</a>, son of the Roman conqueror of the Allobroges, had accused Silanus of injustice (<i>iniurias</i>) against the Allobrogian chief Aegritomarus.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPelletier198221_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPelletier198221-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Fonteius chose <a href="/wiki/Cicero" title="Cicero">Cicero</a> as his lawyer, and although the verdict of the trial remains unknown, the Roman governor was probably acquitted.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPelletier198223–25_48-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPelletier198223–25-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Allobroges appear to have been the dominant tribe of Gallia Transalpina at that time, for Indutiomarus is presented as the "leader of the Allobroges and all the Gauls" by Cicero.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPelletier198223–25_48-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPelletier198223–25-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to scholar <a href="/wiki/A._L._F._Rivet" title="A. L. F. Rivet">A. L. F. Rivet</a>, they were probably feared as "the one tribe in Gaul that really could mount war against the Roman people".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERivet1988305_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERivet1988305-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Later on, an Allobrogian insurrection was suppressed by <a href="/wiki/Gaius_Calpurnius_Piso_(consul_67_BC)" title="Gaius Calpurnius Piso (consul 67 BC)">Calpurnius Piso</a>, who administered <a href="/wiki/Gallia_Narbonensis" title="Gallia Narbonensis">Gallia Narbonensis</a> as proconsul until 65 BC. For this, he was unsuccessfully prosecuted by <a href="/wiki/Caesar" class="mw-redirect" title="Caesar">Caesar</a>, who had interest in the region.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 63 BC, while Cicero was serving as consul, they sent another delegation to Rome, hoping to seek relief from the oppression and rapacity of the governor <a href="/wiki/Lucius_Licinius_Murena_(consul_62_BC)" title="Lucius Licinius Murena (consul 62 BC)">Lucius Murena</a> and Roman businessmen active in the region. Their demands rejected by the Roman Senate, they were approached by supporters of <a href="/wiki/Catiline" title="Catiline">Catiline</a>, a senator who attempted to overthrow the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Republic" title="Roman Republic">Roman Republic</a> and, in particular, the power of the <a href="/wiki/Aristocracy_(government)" class="mw-redirect" title="Aristocracy (government)">aristocratic</a> <a href="/wiki/Roman_Senate" title="Roman Senate">Senate</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPelletier198225–26_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPelletier198225–26-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMarch1989226_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMarch1989226-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Seeing an opportunity to enlist their help to the <a href="/wiki/Second_Catilinarian_conspiracy" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Catilinarian conspiracy">Catiline conspiracy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Publius_Cornelius_Lentulus_Sura" title="Publius Cornelius Lentulus Sura">Lentulus</a> sent the businessman <a href="/w/index.php?title=Umbrenus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Umbrenus (page does not exist)">Umbrenus</a> persuade the Gallic envoys to invade Italy in support of Catiline. Although initially favourable to this overture, the Allobroges thought that their fate would be better if they take the Senate's side. They contacted their patron <a href="/w/index.php?title=Quintus_Fabius_Sanga&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Quintus Fabius Sanga (page does not exist)">Q. Fabius Sanga</a>, and Cicero convinced them to provide him with more evidence by feigning to join the conspirators. The supporters of Catiline then revealed all their plan to the Gauls, who demanded sealed letters from some leading conspirators, which the Allobroges eventually leaked to Cicero.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPelletier198225–26_52-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPelletier198225–26-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMarch1989227_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMarch1989227-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Revolt_against_Rome_(62–61_BC)"><span id="Revolt_against_Rome_.2862.E2.80.9361_BC.29"></span>Revolt against Rome (62–61 BC)</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Allobroges&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Revolt against Rome (62–61 BC)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><p> Faced with a series of legal defeats, the Allobroges decided to take the arms against Rome in 62 BC. Led by their chief <a href="/w/index.php?title=Catugnatus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Catugnatus (page does not exist)">Catugnatus</a>, they managed to resist against the Roman armies during nearly two years. The new governor of the province, <a href="/wiki/Gaius_Pomptinus" title="Gaius Pomptinus">Gaius Pomptinus</a>, sent his <a href="/wiki/Legatus" class="mw-redirect" title="Legatus">legate</a> Manlius Lentinus to crush the revolt.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPelletier198226–27_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPelletier198226–27-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERivet198861–62_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERivet198861–62-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Denier_au_cheval_galopant_et_au_%E2%80%9Ccaduc%C3%A9e%E2%80%9D_frapp%C3%A9_par_les_Allobroges_(R%C3%A9gion_du_Dauphin%C3%A9).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Denier_au_cheval_galopant_et_au_%E2%80%9Ccaduc%C3%A9e%E2%80%9D_frapp%C3%A9_par_les_Allobroges_%28R%C3%A9gion_du_Dauphin%C3%A9%29.jpg/265px-Denier_au_cheval_galopant_et_au_%E2%80%9Ccaduc%C3%A9e%E2%80%9D_frapp%C3%A9_par_les_Allobroges_%28R%C3%A9gion_du_Dauphin%C3%A9%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="265" height="127" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Denier_au_cheval_galopant_et_au_%E2%80%9Ccaduc%C3%A9e%E2%80%9D_frapp%C3%A9_par_les_Allobroges_%28R%C3%A9gion_du_Dauphin%C3%A9%29.jpg/398px-Denier_au_cheval_galopant_et_au_%E2%80%9Ccaduc%C3%A9e%E2%80%9D_frapp%C3%A9_par_les_Allobroges_%28R%C3%A9gion_du_Dauphin%C3%A9%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Denier_au_cheval_galopant_et_au_%E2%80%9Ccaduc%C3%A9e%E2%80%9D_frapp%C3%A9_par_les_Allobroges_%28R%C3%A9gion_du_Dauphin%C3%A9%29.jpg/530px-Denier_au_cheval_galopant_et_au_%E2%80%9Ccaduc%C3%A9e%E2%80%9D_frapp%C3%A9_par_les_Allobroges_%28R%C3%A9gion_du_Dauphin%C3%A9%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="574" /></a><figcaption>Allobrogian <a href="/wiki/Denarius" title="Denarius">denarius</a> from the 1st century BC.</figcaption></figure><p>In 61 BC, a battle was fought between the Gallic and Roman troops near the <a href="/wiki/Segovellauni" title="Segovellauni">Segovellaunian</a> settlement of Ventia, which was eventually taken by Lentinus. At the same time, the two other legates seized and partly destroyed the Allobrogian chief town, Solonion. The coming of Catugnatus' forces momentary saved the stronghold, but further Roman troops led by Pomptinus surrounded and defeated the Gallic armies, putting an end to the rebellion. Their capital destroyed, the Allobrogian chieftains decided to move their place of residence to <a href="/wiki/Vienne,_Isere" class="mw-redirect" title="Vienne, Isere">Vienna</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPelletier198226–27_24-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPelletier198226–27-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERivet198861–62_55-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERivet198861–62-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"></p><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Lucius Marius and Servius Galba crossed the Rhone and after ravaging the possessions of the Allobroges finally reached the city of Solonium and occupied a strong position commanding it. They conquered their opponents in battle and also set fire to portions of the town, which was partly constructed of wood; they did not capture it, however, being prevented by the arrival of Catugnatus. Pomptinus, on learning of this, proceeded against the place with his entire army, besieged it, and got possession of the defenders, with the exception of Catugnatus. After that he more easily subjugated the remaining districts.</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite><a href="#CITEREFCassius_Dio1914">Cassius Dio 1914</a>, <i>Rhōmaïkḕ Historía</i>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loebclassics.com/view/dio_cassius-roman_history/1914/pb_LCL053.175.xml?">37:48</a>.</cite></div></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Political_turmoils_(58–44_BC)"><span id="Political_turmoils_.2858.E2.80.9344_BC.29"></span>Political turmoils (58–44 BC)</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Allobroges&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Political turmoils (58–44 BC)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The period saw the invasion of the remaining of Gaul by <a href="/wiki/Julius_Caesar" title="Julius Caesar">Julius Caesar</a>, followed by a <a href="/wiki/Caesar%27s_Civil_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Caesar's Civil War">civil war</a> and <a href="/wiki/Caesar%27s_assassination" class="mw-redirect" title="Caesar's assassination">Caesar's assassination</a> in March 44. Although the Helvetii thought that they could persuade the Allobroges to let them go through their territory in 58 BC because of their antipathy to Rome, the Gallic tribe, presumably led at that time by Adbucillus, remained loyal to Caesar during all the <a href="/wiki/Gallic_Wars" title="Gallic Wars">Gallic Wars</a> (58–50 BC). The Roman general used Vienna in particular as a strategic outpost during the conflict against the Gauls.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPelletier198229–31_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPelletier198229–31-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERivet198863–64_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERivet198863–64-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After the failed migration of the <a href="/wiki/Helvetii" title="Helvetii">Helvetii</a>, who were repelled by the Romans towards their homeland, the Allobroges were asked by Caesar to provide them with wheat. In the autumn of 57, the legate <a href="/wiki/Servius_Sulpicius_Galba_(praetor_54_BC)" title="Servius Sulpicius Galba (praetor 54 BC)">Galba</a> spent winter in the Allobrogian territory after an unsuccessful campaign in Vallis Poenina (modern <a href="/wiki/Valais" title="Valais">Valais</a>). Following the Roman defeat at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Gergovia" title="Battle of Gergovia">Battle of Gergovia</a> (52 BC), the Allobroges began to strengthen the border along the Rhône river, possibly fearing attacks coming from the other bank.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPelletier198229–31_56-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPelletier198229–31-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Vercingetorix" title="Vercingetorix">Vercingetorix</a> tried to bribe their leaders to fight on the side of the Gallic coalition against Caesar, but the Allobroges rejected the offer.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERivet1988305_50-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERivet1988305-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Two sons of Adbucillus, <a href="/wiki/Aegus_and_Roscillus" title="Aegus and Roscillus">Aegus and Roscillus</a>, provided assistance to Caesar in all of his Gallic campaigns. He assigned to them the highest magistracies among their own people, and granted them both money and conquered territory in Gaul. Regrettably, Caesar records that these privileges caused the two brothers to become "carried away by a foolish native pride" and to "treat their men with contempt, cheating the cavalry of its pay and diverting all of the booty to themselves". Their own armies came to Caesar to complain, and the two brothers eventually defected to <a href="/wiki/Pompey" title="Pompey">Pompey</a> at <a href="/wiki/Dyrrachium" class="mw-redirect" title="Dyrrachium">Dyrrachium</a> just before the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Pharsalus" title="Battle of Pharsalus">Battle of Pharsalia</a> (48 BC).<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Roman_Empire">Roman Empire</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Allobroges&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Roman Empire"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Strabo" title="Strabo">Strabo</a> reported in the early 1st century AD that all of the Allobroges lived in villages, "except that the most notable of them, inhabitants of Vienna (formerly a village, but called, nevertheless, the 'metropolis' of the tribe), have built it up into a city."<sup id="cite_ref-Strabo2_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Strabo2-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At the time of the late Roman Empire, the Allobrogian territory was divided and administered from the three main cities: Vienna, Geneva and Cularo (later renamed Gratianopolis).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERivet1988312_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERivet1988312-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Religion">Religion</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Allobroges&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Religion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>From the "Palace of Mirrors" baths at <a href="/wiki/Saint-Romain-en-Gal" title="Saint-Romain-en-Gal">Saint-Romain-en-Gal</a> comes a statue of Vienna's tutelary goddess. <a href="/wiki/Aix-les-Bains" title="Aix-les-Bains">Aix-les-Bains</a> was a major centre of the cult of the healing god <a href="/wiki/Borvo" title="Borvo">Borvo</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2016)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The cult of <a href="/wiki/Cybele" title="Cybele">Cybele</a> was introduced to Vienna by traders from the <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Orient" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Orient">Ancient Orient</a>. A prominent temple likely dedicated to the goddess was built in the early 1st century AD, and a sacred theatre of <a href="/wiki/Greco-Roman_mysteries" title="Greco-Roman mysteries">Mysteries</a> is dated to the 1st century AD.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPelletier1978922–927_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPelletier1978922–927-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Outside of Vienna, however, evidence of the cult of Cybele, although not totally absent, are scattered and become rare when approaching the Alps.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPelletier1978928–930_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPelletier1978928–930-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Political_organization">Political organization</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Allobroges&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Political organization"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Allobrogia was geographically divided between the plains of the <a href="/wiki/Dauphin%C3%A9" title="Dauphiné">Dauphiné</a> and the mountains of <a href="/wiki/Savoy" title="Savoy">Savoy</a>, which influenced the political organization of the region, as documented by <a href="/wiki/Polybius" title="Polybius">Polybius</a> for the time of <a href="/wiki/Hannibal%27s_Crossing_of_the_Alps" class="mw-redirect" title="Hannibal's Crossing of the Alps">Hannibal's Crossing of the Alps</a> in 218 BC.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBocquet2009103–104,_197–198_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBocquet2009103–104,_197–198-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although this is not mentioned by the written sources, the Allobroges probably federated smaller peoples or ethnic unities of the area, as did the neighbouring <a href="/wiki/Cavares" class="mw-redirect" title="Cavares">Cavares</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vocontii" title="Vocontii">Vocontii</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarruol1969305_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarruol1969305-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERivet198816_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERivet198816-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBocquet2009201–203_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBocquet2009201–203-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Polybius indeed writes that the plains of Allobrogia were ruled by "various chiefs", suggesting the existence of a decentralized system of governance.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBocquet200971_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBocquet200971-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Aimé Bocquet has proposed to identify those hypothetical tribal territories with five natural sub-regions: <a href="/wiki/Chablais" title="Chablais">Chablais</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Faucigny_(province)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Faucigny (province) (page does not exist)">Faucigny</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faucigny_(province)" class="extiw" title="fr:Faucigny (province)">fr</a>]</span>, the <a href="/wiki/Genevois_(province)" title="Genevois (province)">Genevois</a>, <a href="/wiki/Savoie" title="Savoie">Savoie</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gr%C3%A9sivaudan" title="Grésivaudan">Grésivaudan</a>, and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Isle-Cr%C3%A9mieu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Isle-Crémieu (page does not exist)">Isle-Crémieu</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isle-Cr%C3%A9mieu" class="extiw" title="fr:Isle-Crémieu">fr</a>]</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBocquet2009201–203_66-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBocquet2009201–203-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Allobroges&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Economy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During the Roman period, the Allobroges cultivated wheat and exported wine. Copper and silver deposits were numerous in the Western Alps.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBocquet200929–32_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBocquet200929–32-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Allobroges&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Légion_des_Allobroges"><span id="L.C3.A9gion_des_Allobroges"></span>Légion des Allobroges</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Allobroges&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Légion des Allobroges"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/First_French_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="First French Republic">First French Republic</a>, in line with its common practice of reviving names and concepts from Roman times, gave the name "<a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9gion_des_Allobroges" title="Légion des Allobroges">Légion des Allobroges</a>" to a unit of the <a href="/wiki/French_Revolutionary_Army" title="French Revolutionary Army">French Revolutionary Army</a> that consisted mainly of volunteers from Switzerland, Piedmont and Savoy - very roughly corresponding to what had been the lands of the Allobroges. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Allobroges&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gauls" title="Gauls">Gauls</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Allobroges&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKruta2000290,_308-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKruta2000290,_308_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKruta2000290,_308_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKruta2000290,_308_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKruta2000290,_308_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKruta2000">Kruta 2000</a>, pp. 290, 308.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELafond2006-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELafond2006_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELafond2006_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELafond2006_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLafond2006">Lafond 2006</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Strabo-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Strabo_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Polybius" title="Polybius">Polybius</a>. <i>Historíai</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loebclassics.com/view/polybius-histories/2010/pb_LCL137.133.xml">3:49–51</a>; Strabo, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loebclassics.com/view/strabo-geography/1917/pb_LCL050.197.xml">4:1:11</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loebclassics.com/view/strabo-geography/1917/pb_LCL050.271.xml">4:6:5</a>,</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Caesar" class="mw-redirect" title="Caesar">Caesar</a>. <i>Bellum Gallicum</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loebclassics.com/view/caesar-gallic_wars/1917/pb_LCL072.11.xml">1:6</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loebclassics.com/view/caesar-gallic_wars/1917/pb_LCL072.17.xml">1:10–11</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loebclassics.com/view/caesar-gallic_wars/1917/pb_LCL072.23.xml">1:14</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loebclassics.com/view/caesar-gallic_wars/1917/pb_LCL072.43.xml">1:28</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loebclassics.com/view/caesar-gallic_wars/1917/pb_LCL072.75.xml">1:44</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loebclassics.com/view/caesar-gallic_wars/1917/pb_LCL072.139.xml">3:1</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loebclassics.com/view/caesar-gallic_wars/1917/pb_LCL072.147.xml">3:6</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loebclassics.com/view/caesar-gallic_wars/1917/pb_LCL072.471.xml">7:64–65</a>; <i>Bellum Civile</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loebclassics.com/view/caesar-civil_wars/2016/pb_LCL039.277.xml">3:59</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loebclassics.com/view/caesar-civil_wars/2016/pb_LCL039.305.xml">3:79</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Livy-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Livy_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Livy_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLivy2019">Livy 2019</a>. <i>Ab Urbe Condita Libri</i>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loebclassics.com/view/livy-history_rome_21/2019/pb_LCL233.87.xml">21:31</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAppian2019">Appian 2019</a>. <i>Ρωμαϊκά</i>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loebclassics.com/view/appian-roman_history_book_iv_gallic_history_fragments/2019/pb_LCL002.103.xml">4:1:12</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loebclassics.com/view/appian-roman_history_book_iv_gallic_history_fragments/2019/pb_LCL002.113.xml">4:12:1</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loebclassics.com/view/appian-roman_history_book_iv_gallic_history_fragments/2019/pb_LCL002.115.xml">4:12:2</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loebclassics.com/view/appian-roman_history_book_iv_gallic_history_fragments/2019/pb_LCL002.119.xml">4:17a</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Ptolemy" title="Ptolemy">Ptolemy</a>. <i>Geōgraphikḕ Hyphḗgēsis</i>, 2:10:7.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Orosius" title="Orosius">Orosius</a>. <i>Historiae Adversus Paganos</i>, 5:13:2.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFalileyev2010">Falileyev 2010</a>, s.v. <i>Allobroges</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-etym-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-etym_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-etym_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEvans1967">Evans 1967</a>, pp. 131–134, 158–160; <a href="#CITEREFLambert1997">Lambert 1997</a>, p. 398; <a href="#CITEREFDelamarre2003">Delamarre 2003</a>, pp. 39, 91; <a href="#CITEREFde_Hoz2005">de Hoz 2005</a>, p. 178.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKruta200071-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKruta200071_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKruta200071_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKruta2000">Kruta 2000</a>, p. 71.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDelamarre2003235-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDelamarre2003235_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDelamarre2003">Delamarre 2003</a>, p. 235.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPelletier198255–56-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPelletier198255–56_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPelletier1982">Pelletier 1982</a>, pp. 55–56.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBocquet200928-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBocquet200928_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBocquet2009">Bocquet 2009</a>, p. 28.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKruta2000404-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKruta2000404_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKruta2000">Kruta 2000</a>, p. 404.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERivet1988310-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERivet1988310_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRivet1988">Rivet 1988</a>, p. 310.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPelletier198260-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPelletier198260_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPelletier1982">Pelletier 1982</a>, p. 60.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTalbert2000">Talbert 2000</a>, Map 17: Lugdunum, Map 18: Augustonemetum-Vindonissa.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPelletier198227-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPelletier198227_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPelletier1982">Pelletier 1982</a>, p. 27.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPelletier198214-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPelletier198214_20-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPelletier198214_20-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPelletier198214_20-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPelletier1982">Pelletier 1982</a>, p. 14.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBocquet200953-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBocquet200953_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBocquet2009">Bocquet 2009</a>, p. 53.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPrisset2012-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPrisset2012_22-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPrisset2012_22-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPrisset2012">Prisset 2012</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPelletier1978922-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPelletier1978922_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPelletier1978">Pelletier 1978</a>, p. 922.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPelletier198226–27-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPelletier198226–27_24-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPelletier198226–27_24-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPelletier198226–27_24-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPelletier1982">Pelletier 1982</a>, pp. 26–27.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGascou1999159-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGascou1999159_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGascou1999">Gascou 1999</a>, p. 159.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPelletier198232–35-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPelletier198232–35_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPelletier1982">Pelletier 1982</a>, pp. 32–35.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERivet1988306-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERivet1988306_27-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERivet1988306_27-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRivet1988">Rivet 1988</a>, p. 306.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGascou1999162-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGascou1999162_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGascou1999">Gascou 1999</a>, p. 162.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPelletier198276–79-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPelletier198276–79_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPelletier1982">Pelletier 1982</a>, pp. 76–79.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGascou1999165-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGascou1999165_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGascou1999">Gascou 1999</a>, p. 165.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPelletier1982287-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPelletier1982287_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPelletier1982">Pelletier 1982</a>, p. 287.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDelamarre2003177-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDelamarre2003177_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDelamarre2003">Delamarre 2003</a>, p. 177.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKruta2000636-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKruta2000636_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKruta2000">Kruta 2000</a>, p. 636.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFuchs2012-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFuchs2012_34-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFuchs2012">Fuchs 2012</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDelamarre2003131-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDelamarre2003131_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDelamarre2003">Delamarre 2003</a>, p. 131.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERivet198876-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERivet198876_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRivet1988">Rivet 1988</a>, p. 76.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBocquet200958-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBocquet200958_37-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBocquet2009">Bocquet 2009</a>, p. 58.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBocquet200935–36-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBocquet200935–36_38-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBocquet2009">Bocquet 2009</a>, pp. 35–36.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERivet198831-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERivet198831_39-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERivet198831_39-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERivet198831_39-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRivet1988">Rivet 1988</a>, p. 31.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBocquet200933-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBocquet200933_40-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBocquet2009">Bocquet 2009</a>, p. 33.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBocquet2009102–104-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBocquet2009102–104_41-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBocquet2009">Bocquet 2009</a>, pp. 102–104.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBocquet200913-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBocquet200913_42-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBocquet2009">Bocquet 2009</a>, p. 13.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPelletier198217–18-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPelletier198217–18_43-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPelletier198217–18_43-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPelletier198217–18_43-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPelletier1982">Pelletier 1982</a>, pp. 17–18.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERivet198840–41-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERivet198840–41_44-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERivet198840–41_44-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRivet1988">Rivet 1988</a>, pp. 40–41.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERawlings2017-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERawlings2017_45-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERawlings2017_45-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRawlings2017">Rawlings 2017</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPelletier198221–24-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPelletier198221–24_46-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPelletier1982">Pelletier 1982</a>, pp. 21–24.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPelletier198219–21-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPelletier198219–21_47-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPelletier1982">Pelletier 1982</a>, pp. 19–21.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPelletier198223–25-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPelletier198223–25_48-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPelletier198223–25_48-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPelletier198223–25_48-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPelletier1982">Pelletier 1982</a>, pp. 23–25.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPelletier198221-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPelletier198221_49-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPelletier1982">Pelletier 1982</a>, p. 21.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERivet1988305-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERivet1988305_50-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERivet1988305_50-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRivet1988">Rivet 1988</a>, p. 305.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFBadian2015" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ernst_Badian" title="Ernst Badian">Badian, Ernst</a> (2015). "Calpurnius Piso (1), Gaius, Roman consul, 67 BCE". <i>Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Classics</i>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Facrefore%2F9780199381135.013.1303">10.1093/acrefore/9780199381135.013.1303</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-938113-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-938113-5"><bdi>978-0-19-938113-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Oxford+Research+Encyclopedia+of+Classics&rft.atitle=Calpurnius+Piso+%281%29%2C+Gaius%2C+Roman+consul%2C+67+BCE&rft.date=2015&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Facrefore%2F9780199381135.013.1303&rft.isbn=978-0-19-938113-5&rft.aulast=Badian&rft.aufirst=Ernst&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAllobroges" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPelletier198225–26-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPelletier198225–26_52-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPelletier198225–26_52-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPelletier1982">Pelletier 1982</a>, pp. 25–26.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMarch1989226-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMarch1989226_53-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMarch1989">March 1989</a>, p. 226.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMarch1989227-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMarch1989227_54-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMarch1989">March 1989</a>, p. 227.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERivet198861–62-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERivet198861–62_55-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERivet198861–62_55-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRivet1988">Rivet 1988</a>, pp. 61–62.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPelletier198229–31-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPelletier198229–31_56-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPelletier198229–31_56-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPelletier1982">Pelletier 1982</a>, pp. 29–31.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERivet198863–64-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERivet198863–64_57-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRivet1988">Rivet 1988</a>, pp. 63–64.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCaesar2016">Caesar 2016</a>. <i>Bellum Civile</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loebclassics.com/view/caesar-civil_wars/2016/pb_LCL039.277.xml">3:59–61</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Strabo2-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Strabo2_59-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFStrabo1923">Strabo 1923</a>. <i>Geōgraphiká</i>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loebclassics.com/view/strabo-geography/1917/pb_LCL050.199.xml">4.1:11</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERivet1988312-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERivet1988312_60-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRivet1988">Rivet 1988</a>, p. 312.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPelletier1978922–927-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPelletier1978922–927_61-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPelletier1978">Pelletier 1978</a>, pp. 922–927.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPelletier1978928–930-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPelletier1978928–930_62-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPelletier1978">Pelletier 1978</a>, pp. 928–930.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBocquet2009103–104,_197–198-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBocquet2009103–104,_197–198_63-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBocquet2009">Bocquet 2009</a>, pp. 103–104, 197–198.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarruol1969305-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarruol1969305_64-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBarruol1969">Barruol 1969</a>, p. 305.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERivet198816-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERivet198816_65-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRivet1988">Rivet 1988</a>, p. 16.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBocquet2009201–203-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBocquet2009201–203_66-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBocquet2009201–203_66-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBocquet2009">Bocquet 2009</a>, pp. 201–203.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBocquet200971-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBocquet200971_67-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBocquet2009">Bocquet 2009</a>, p. 71.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBocquet200929–32-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBocquet200929–32_68-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBocquet2009">Bocquet 2009</a>, p. 29–32.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Primary_sources">Primary sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Allobroges&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Primary sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-hanging-indents refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAppian2019" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Appian" title="Appian">Appian</a> (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loebclassics.com/view/LCL002/2019/volume.xml"><i>Roman History</i></a>. Loeb Classical Library. Translated by McGing, Brian. Harvard University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0674996472" title="Special:BookSources/978-0674996472"><bdi>978-0674996472</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Roman+History&rft.series=Loeb+Classical+Library&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=2019&rft.isbn=978-0674996472&rft.au=Appian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.loebclassics.com%2Fview%2FLCL002%2F2019%2Fvolume.xml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAllobroges" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCaesar1917" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Julius_Caesar" title="Julius Caesar">Caesar</a> (1917). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loebclassics.com/view/LCL072/1917/volume.xml"><i>The Gallic War</i></a>. Loeb Classical Library. Translated by Edwards, H. J. Harvard University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-674-99080-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-674-99080-7"><bdi>978-0-674-99080-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Gallic+War&rft.series=Loeb+Classical+Library&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=1917&rft.isbn=978-0-674-99080-7&rft.au=Caesar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.loebclassics.com%2Fview%2FLCL072%2F1917%2Fvolume.xml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAllobroges" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCaesar2016" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Julius_Caesar" title="Julius Caesar">Caesar</a> (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loebclassics.com/view/LCL039/2016/volume.xml"><i>Civil War</i></a>. Loeb Classical Library. Translated by Damon, Cynthia. Harvard University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0674997035" title="Special:BookSources/978-0674997035"><bdi>978-0674997035</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Civil+War&rft.series=Loeb+Classical+Library&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-0674997035&rft.au=Caesar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.loebclassics.com%2Fview%2FLCL039%2F2016%2Fvolume.xml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAllobroges" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCassius_Dio1914" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Cassius_Dio" title="Cassius Dio">Cassius Dio</a> (1914). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loebclassics.com/view/LCL037/1914/volume.xml"><i>Roman History</i></a>. Loeb Classical Library. Translated by Cary, Earnest; Foster, Herbert B. Harvard University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-674-99041-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-674-99041-8"><bdi>978-0-674-99041-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Roman+History&rft.series=Loeb+Classical+Library&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=1914&rft.isbn=978-0-674-99041-8&rft.au=Cassius+Dio&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.loebclassics.com%2Fview%2FLCL037%2F1914%2Fvolume.xml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAllobroges" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLivy2019" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Livy" title="Livy">Livy</a> (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loebclassics.com/view/LCL233/2019/volume.xml"><i>History of Rome</i></a>. Loeb Classical Library. Translated by Yardley, J. C. Harvard University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0674992566" title="Special:BookSources/978-0674992566"><bdi>978-0674992566</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+Rome&rft.series=Loeb+Classical+Library&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=2019&rft.isbn=978-0674992566&rft.au=Livy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.loebclassics.com%2Fview%2FLCL233%2F2019%2Fvolume.xml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAllobroges" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPliny1938" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Pliny_the_Elder" title="Pliny the Elder">Pliny</a> (1938). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loebclassics.com/view/LCL330/1938/volume.xml"><i>Natural History</i></a>. Loeb Classical Library. Translated by Rackham, H. Harvard University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780674993648" title="Special:BookSources/9780674993648"><bdi>9780674993648</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Natural+History&rft.series=Loeb+Classical+Library&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=1938&rft.isbn=9780674993648&rft.au=Pliny&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.loebclassics.com%2Fview%2FLCL330%2F1938%2Fvolume.xml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAllobroges" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPolybius2010" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Polybius" title="Polybius">Polybius</a> (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loebclassics.com/view/LCL137/2010/volume.xml"><i>The Histories</i></a>. Loeb Classical Library. Translated by Paton, W. R.; Walbank, F. W.; Habicht, Christian. Harvard University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-674-99637-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-674-99637-3"><bdi>978-0-674-99637-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Histories&rft.series=Loeb+Classical+Library&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-674-99637-3&rft.au=Polybius&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.loebclassics.com%2Fview%2FLCL137%2F2010%2Fvolume.xml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAllobroges" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStrabo1923" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Strabo" title="Strabo">Strabo</a> (1923). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loebclassics.com/view/LCL050/1923/volume.xml"><i>Geography</i></a>. Loeb Classical Library. Translated by Jones, Horace L. Harvard University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0674990562" title="Special:BookSources/978-0674990562"><bdi>978-0674990562</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Geography&rft.series=Loeb+Classical+Library&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=1923&rft.isbn=978-0674990562&rft.au=Strabo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.loebclassics.com%2Fview%2FLCL050%2F1923%2Fvolume.xml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAllobroges" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Allobroges&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239549316"><div class="refbegin refbegin-hanging-indents refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarruol1969" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Guy_Barruol" title="Guy Barruol">Barruol, Guy</a> (1969). <i>Les Peuples préromains du Sud-Est de la Gaule: étude de géographie historique</i>. E. de Boccard. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/3279201">3279201</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Les+Peuples+pr%C3%A9romains+du+Sud-Est+de+la+Gaule%3A+%C3%A9tude+de+g%C3%A9ographie+historique&rft.pub=E.+de+Boccard&rft.date=1969&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F3279201&rft.aulast=Barruol&rft.aufirst=Guy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAllobroges" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBocquet2009" class="citation book cs1">Bocquet, Aimé (2009). <i>Hannibal chez les Allobroges: 218 avant Jésus-Christ : la grande traversée des Alpes</i>. La Fontaine de Siloë. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2-84206-419-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-2-84206-419-8"><bdi>978-2-84206-419-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hannibal+chez+les+Allobroges%3A+218+avant+J%C3%A9sus-Christ+%3A+la+grande+travers%C3%A9e+des+Alpes&rft.pub=La+Fontaine+de+Silo%C3%AB&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-2-84206-419-8&rft.aulast=Bocquet&rft.aufirst=Aim%C3%A9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAllobroges" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFde_Hoz2005" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Javier_de_Hoz" title="Javier de Hoz">de Hoz, Javier</a> (2005). "Ptolemy and the linguistic history of the Narbonensis". In de Hoz, Javier; Luján, Eugenio R.; Sims-Williams, Patrick (eds.). <i>New approaches to Celtic place-names in Ptolemy's Geography</i>. Ediciones Clásicas. pp. 173–188. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-8478825721" title="Special:BookSources/978-8478825721"><bdi>978-8478825721</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Ptolemy+and+the+linguistic+history+of+the+Narbonensis&rft.btitle=New+approaches+to+Celtic+place-names+in+Ptolemy%27s+Geography&rft.pages=173-188&rft.pub=Ediciones+Cl%C3%A1sicas&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-8478825721&rft.aulast=de+Hoz&rft.aufirst=Javier&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAllobroges" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDelamarre2003" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Xavier_Delamarre" title="Xavier Delamarre">Delamarre, Xavier</a> (2003). <i>Dictionnaire de la langue gauloise: Une approche linguistique du vieux-celtique continental</i>. Errance. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9782877723695" title="Special:BookSources/9782877723695"><bdi>9782877723695</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dictionnaire+de+la+langue+gauloise%3A+Une+approche+linguistique+du+vieux-celtique+continental&rft.pub=Errance&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=9782877723695&rft.aulast=Delamarre&rft.aufirst=Xavier&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAllobroges" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEvans1967" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ellis_Evans" title="Ellis Evans">Evans, D. Ellis</a> (1967). <i>Gaulish Personal Names: A Study of Some Continental Celtic Formations</i>. Clarendon Press. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/468437906">468437906</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gaulish+Personal+Names%3A+A+Study+of+Some+Continental+Celtic+Formations&rft.pub=Clarendon+Press&rft.date=1967&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F468437906&rft.aulast=Evans&rft.aufirst=D.+Ellis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAllobroges" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFalileyev2010" class="citation book cs1">Falileyev, Alexander (2010). <i>Dictionary of Continental Celtic Place-names: A Celtic Companion to the Barrington Atlas of the Greek and Roman World</i>. CMCS. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0955718236" title="Special:BookSources/978-0955718236"><bdi>978-0955718236</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dictionary+of+Continental+Celtic+Place-names%3A+A+Celtic+Companion+to+the+Barrington+Atlas+of+the+Greek+and+Roman+World&rft.pub=CMCS&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0955718236&rft.aulast=Falileyev&rft.aufirst=Alexander&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAllobroges" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFuchs2012" class="citation book cs1">Fuchs, Michel E. (2012). "Genava (Geneva)". In Bagnall, Roger S. (ed.). <i>The Encyclopedia of Ancient History</i>. John Wiley & Sons. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2F9781444338386.wbeah16210">10.1002/9781444338386.wbeah16210</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4443-3838-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4443-3838-6"><bdi>978-1-4443-3838-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Genava+%28Geneva%29&rft.btitle=The+Encyclopedia+of+Ancient+History&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons&rft.date=2012&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2F9781444338386.wbeah16210&rft.isbn=978-1-4443-3838-6&rft.aulast=Fuchs&rft.aufirst=Michel+E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAllobroges" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGascou1999" class="citation journal cs1">Gascou, Jacques (1999). "César a-t-il fondé une colonie à Vienne ?". <i>Mélanges de l'école française de Rome</i>. <b>111</b> (1): 157–165. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3406%2Fmefr.1999.2074">10.3406/mefr.1999.2074</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=M%C3%A9langes+de+l%27%C3%A9cole+fran%C3%A7aise+de+Rome&rft.atitle=C%C3%A9sar+a-t-il+fond%C3%A9+une+colonie+%C3%A0+Vienne+%3F&rft.volume=111&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=157-165&rft.date=1999&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3406%2Fmefr.1999.2074&rft.aulast=Gascou&rft.aufirst=Jacques&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAllobroges" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKruta2000" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Venceslas_Kruta" title="Venceslas Kruta">Kruta, Venceslas</a> (2000). <i>Les Celtes, histoire et dictionnaire : des origines à la romanisation et au christianisme</i>. Robert Laffont. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/2-221-05690-6" title="Special:BookSources/2-221-05690-6"><bdi>2-221-05690-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Les+Celtes%2C+histoire+et+dictionnaire+%3A+des+origines+%C3%A0+la+romanisation+et+au+christianisme&rft.pub=Robert+Laffont&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=2-221-05690-6&rft.aulast=Kruta&rft.aufirst=Venceslas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAllobroges" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLafond2006" class="citation journal cs1">Lafond, Yves (2006). "Allobroges". <i>Brill's New Pauly</i>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1163%2F1574-9347_bnp_e116130">10.1163/1574-9347_bnp_e116130</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Brill%27s+New+Pauly&rft.atitle=Allobroges&rft.date=2006&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1163%2F1574-9347_bnp_e116130&rft.aulast=Lafond&rft.aufirst=Yves&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAllobroges" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLambert1997" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol"><a href="/wiki/Pierre-Yves_Lambert" title="Pierre-Yves Lambert">Lambert, Pierre-Yves</a> (1997). "Gaulois tardif et latin vulgaire". <i>Zeitschrift für celtische Philologie</i>. 49–50 (1): 396–413. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1515%2Fzcph.1997.49-50.1.396">10.1515/zcph.1997.49-50.1.396</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1865-889X">1865-889X</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:162600621">162600621</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Zeitschrift+f%C3%BCr+celtische+Philologie&rft.atitle=Gaulois+tardif+et+latin+vulgaire&rft.volume=49-50&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=396-413&rft.date=1997&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A162600621%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=1865-889X&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1515%2Fzcph.1997.49-50.1.396&rft.aulast=Lambert&rft.aufirst=Pierre-Yves&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAllobroges" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarch1989" class="citation journal cs1">March, Duane A. (1989). "Cicero and the "Gang of Five"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>". <i>The Classical World</i>. <b>82</b> (4): 225–234. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F4350381">10.2307/4350381</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0009-8418">0009-8418</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/4350381">4350381</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Classical+World&rft.atitle=Cicero+and+the+%22Gang+of+Five%22&rft.volume=82&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=225-234&rft.date=1989&rft.issn=0009-8418&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F4350381%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F4350381&rft.aulast=March&rft.aufirst=Duane+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAllobroges" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPelletier1978" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Pelletier_(historian)" title="André Pelletier (historian)">Pelletier, André</a> (1978). "Le Culte Métroaque chez les Allobroges". In de Boer, Margreet; Edridge, T. A. (eds.). <i>Hommages à Maarten J. Vermaseren</i>. Vol. 2. BRILL. pp. 922–930. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-29543-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-04-29543-8"><bdi>978-90-04-29543-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Le+Culte+M%C3%A9troaque+chez+les+Allobroges&rft.btitle=Hommages+%C3%A0+Maarten+J.+Vermaseren&rft.pages=922-930&rft.pub=BRILL&rft.date=1978&rft.isbn=978-90-04-29543-8&rft.aulast=Pelletier&rft.aufirst=Andr%C3%A9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAllobroges" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPelletier1982" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Pelletier_(historian)" title="André Pelletier (historian)">Pelletier, André</a> (1982). <i>Vienne antique: de la conquête romaine aux invasions alamanniques (IIe siècle avant–IIIe siècle après J.-C.)</i>. Éditions Horvath. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2-7171-0213-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-2-7171-0213-0"><bdi>978-2-7171-0213-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Vienne+antique%3A+de+la+conqu%C3%AAte+romaine+aux+invasions+alamanniques+%28IIe+si%C3%A8cle+avant%E2%80%93IIIe+si%C3%A8cle+apr%C3%A8s+J.-C.%29&rft.pub=%C3%89ditions+Horvath&rft.date=1982&rft.isbn=978-2-7171-0213-0&rft.aulast=Pelletier&rft.aufirst=Andr%C3%A9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAllobroges" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPrisset2012" class="citation book cs1">Prisset, Jean-Luc (2012). "Vienna (Vienne, France)". In Bagnall, Roger S. (ed.). <i>The Encyclopedia of Ancient History</i>. Wiley-Blackwell. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4051-7935-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4051-7935-5"><bdi>978-1-4051-7935-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Vienna+%28Vienne%2C+France%29&rft.btitle=The+Encyclopedia+of+Ancient+History&rft.pub=Wiley-Blackwell&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-1-4051-7935-5&rft.aulast=Prisset&rft.aufirst=Jean-Luc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAllobroges" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRawlings2017" class="citation book cs1">Rawlings, Louis (2017). "The Roman Conquest of Southern Gaul, 125-121 BC". In Whitby, Michael; Sidebottom, Harry (eds.). <i>The Encyclopedia of Ancient Battles</i>. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 1–7. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2F9781119099000.wbabat0450">10.1002/9781119099000.wbabat0450</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4051-8645-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4051-8645-2"><bdi>978-1-4051-8645-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Roman+Conquest+of+Southern+Gaul%2C+125-121+BC&rft.btitle=The+Encyclopedia+of+Ancient+Battles&rft.pages=1-7&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons&rft.date=2017&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2F9781119099000.wbabat0450&rft.isbn=978-1-4051-8645-2&rft.aulast=Rawlings&rft.aufirst=Louis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAllobroges" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRivet1988" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/A._L._F._Rivet" title="A. L. F. Rivet">Rivet, A. L. F.</a> (1988). <i>Gallia Narbonensis: With a Chapter on Alpes Maritimae : Southern France in Roman Times</i>. Batsford. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7134-5860-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7134-5860-2"><bdi>978-0-7134-5860-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gallia+Narbonensis%3A+With+a+Chapter+on+Alpes+Maritimae+%3A+Southern+France+in+Roman+Times&rft.pub=Batsford&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=978-0-7134-5860-2&rft.aulast=Rivet&rft.aufirst=A.+L.+F.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAllobroges" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTalbert2000" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Talbert" title="Richard Talbert">Talbert, Richard J. A.</a> (2000). <i>Barrington Atlas of the Greek and Roman World</i>. Princeton University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0691031699" title="Special:BookSources/978-0691031699"><bdi>978-0691031699</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Barrington+Atlas+of+the+Greek+and+Roman+World&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0691031699&rft.aulast=Talbert&rft.aufirst=Richard+J.+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAllobroges" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Allobroges&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239549316"><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDrinkwater2015" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_F._Drinkwater" title="John F. Drinkwater">Drinkwater, John F.</a> (2015). "Allobroges". <i>Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Classics</i>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Facrefore%2F9780199381135.013.320">10.1093/acrefore/9780199381135.013.320</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-938113-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-938113-5"><bdi>978-0-19-938113-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Oxford+Research+Encyclopedia+of+Classics&rft.atitle=Allobroges&rft.date=2015&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Facrefore%2F9780199381135.013.320&rft.isbn=978-0-19-938113-5&rft.aulast=Drinkwater&rft.aufirst=John+F.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAllobroges" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDrouvot2008" class="citation journal cs1">Drouvot, Nicolas (2008). "Mort et pouvoir chez les Allobroges, de l'archéologie à l'histoire". <i>Dialogues d'histoire ancienne</i>. <b>34</b> (2): 173–204. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3406%2Fdha.2008.3086">10.3406/dha.2008.3086</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Dialogues+d%27histoire+ancienne&rft.atitle=Mort+et+pouvoir+chez+les+Allobroges%2C+de+l%27arch%C3%A9ologie+%C3%A0+l%27histoire&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=173-204&rft.date=2008&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3406%2Fdha.2008.3086&rft.aulast=Drouvot&rft.aufirst=Nicolas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAllobroges" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJospin2002" class="citation book cs1">Jospin, Jean-Pascal, ed. (2002). <i>Les Allobroges: Gaulois et Romains du Rhône aux Alpes</i>. Infolio. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9782884741026" title="Special:BookSources/9782884741026"><bdi>9782884741026</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Les+Allobroges%3A+Gaulois+et+Romains+du+Rh%C3%B4ne+aux+Alpes&rft.pub=Infolio&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=9782884741026&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAllobroges" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLambert2009" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Pierre-Yves_Lambert" title="Pierre-Yves Lambert">Lambert, Pierre-Yves</a> (2009). "Onomastique celtique et épigraphie gallo-romaine : à propos de l'onomastique de la cité des allobroges". In Gaillard de Sémainville, Henri (ed.). <i>De l'âge du Bronze à l'âge du Fer en France et en Europe occidentale (Xe-VIIe siècle av. J.-C.)</i>. ARTEHIS Éditions. pp. 39–48. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.4000%2Fbooks.artehis.18066">10.4000/books.artehis.18066</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2-915544-11-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-2-915544-11-4"><bdi>978-2-915544-11-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Onomastique+celtique+et+%C3%A9pigraphie+gallo-romaine+%3A+%C3%A0+propos+de+l%E2%80%99onomastique+de+la+cit%C3%A9+des+allobroges&rft.btitle=De+l%27%C3%A2ge+du+Bronze+%C3%A0+l%27%C3%A2ge+du+Fer+en+France+et+en+Europe+occidentale+%28Xe-VIIe+si%C3%A8cle+av.+J.-C.%29&rft.pages=39-48&rft.pub=ARTEHIS+%C3%89ditions&rft.date=2009&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.4000%2Fbooks.artehis.18066&rft.isbn=978-2-915544-11-4&rft.aulast=Lambert&rft.aufirst=Pierre-Yves&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAllobroges" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPelletier2001" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Pelletier_(historian)" title="André Pelletier (historian)">Pelletier, André</a> (2001). <i>Vienna, Vienne</i>. Presses Universitaires de Lyon. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2-7297-0677-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-2-7297-0677-7"><bdi>978-2-7297-0677-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Vienna%2C+Vienne&rft.pub=Presses+Universitaires+de+Lyon&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-2-7297-0677-7&rft.aulast=Pelletier&rft.aufirst=Andr%C3%A9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAllobroges" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline 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.navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Gauls" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Gallic_peoples" title="Template:Gallic peoples"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Gallic_peoples" title="Template talk:Gallic peoples"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Gallic_peoples" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Gallic peoples"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Gauls" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Gauls" title="Gauls">Gauls</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Allia" title="Battle of the Allia">Battle of the Allia</a> (ca. 387 BC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_settlement_of_Southeast_Europe" title="Celtic settlement of Southeast Europe">Celtic settlement of Southeast Europe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galatian_War" title="Galatian War">Galatian War</a> (189 BC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Transalpine_War" class="mw-redirect" title="First Transalpine War">First Transalpine War</a> (125–121 BC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gallic_Wars" title="Gallic Wars">Gallic Wars</a> (58–50 BC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Gaul" title="Roman Gaul">Roman Gaul</a> (50 BC–476 AD)</li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sequani_coin_5th_to_1st_century_BCE.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Sequani gold coin"><img alt="Sequani gold coin" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Sequani_coin_5th_to_1st_century_BCE.jpg/70px-Sequani_coin_5th_to_1st_century_BCE.jpg" decoding="async" width="70" height="71" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Sequani_coin_5th_to_1st_century_BCE.jpg/105px-Sequani_coin_5th_to_1st_century_BCE.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Sequani_coin_5th_to_1st_century_BCE.jpg/140px-Sequani_coin_5th_to_1st_century_BCE.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1954" data-file-height="1977" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ambactus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ambactus (page does not exist)">Ambactus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bard" title="Bard">Bard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Druid" title="Druid">Druid</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eubages&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eubages (page does not exist)">Eubages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gallo-Roman_culture" title="Gallo-Roman culture">Gallo-Roman culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nemeton" title="Nemeton">Nemeton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oppidum" title="Oppidum">Oppidum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaulish" title="Gaulish">Language</a> (<a href="/wiki/Cisalpine_Gaulish" title="Cisalpine Gaulish">Cisalpine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Galatian_language" title="Galatian language">Galatian</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_T%C3%A8ne_culture" title="La Tène culture">La Tène culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaulish_religion" class="mw-redirect" title="Gaulish religion">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vates" title="Vates">Vātes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vergobret" title="Vergobret">Vergobret</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Peoples</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Gallia_Belgica" title="Gallia Belgica">Belgica</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ambiani" title="Ambiani">Ambiani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aresaces" title="Aresaces">Aresaces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atrebates" title="Atrebates">Atrebates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atuatuci" title="Atuatuci">Atuatuci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bellovaci" title="Bellovaci">Bellovaci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caeracates" title="Caeracates">Caeracates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caeroesi" class="mw-redirect" title="Caeroesi">Caeroesi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caletes" title="Caletes">Caletes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catuslugi" title="Catuslugi">Catuslugi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catalauni" title="Catalauni">Catalauni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Condrusi" title="Condrusi">Condrusi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eburones" title="Eburones">Eburones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leuci" title="Leuci">Leuci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mediomatrici" title="Mediomatrici">Mediomatrici</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meldi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Meldi (page does not exist)">Meldi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menapii" title="Menapii">Menapii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morini" title="Morini">Morini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nemetes" title="Nemetes">Nemetes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nervii" title="Nervii">Nervii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paemani" title="Paemani">Paemani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Remi" title="Remi">Remi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silvanectes" title="Silvanectes">Silvanectes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suessiones" title="Suessiones">Suessiones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treveri" title="Treveri">Treveri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triboci" title="Triboci">Triboci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veliocasses" title="Veliocasses">Veliocasses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viromandui" title="Viromandui">Viromandui</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Gallia_Celtica" title="Gallia Celtica">Celtica</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abrincatui" title="Abrincatui">Abrincatui</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ambiliati&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ambiliati (page does not exist)">Ambiliati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aedui" title="Aedui">Aedui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambarri" title="Ambarri">Ambarri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andecavi" title="Andecavi">Andecavi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arouii&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arouii (page does not exist)">Arouii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arverni" title="Arverni">Arverni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aulerci" title="Aulerci">Aulerci</a> (<a href="/wiki/Brannovices" title="Brannovices">Brannovices</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aulerci_Cenomani" title="Aulerci Cenomani">Cenomani</a>, <a href="/wiki/Diablintes" title="Diablintes">Diablintes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eburovices" title="Eburovices">Eburovices</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bodiocasses" title="Bodiocasses">Bodiocasses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bituriges_Cubi" title="Bituriges Cubi">Bituriges Cubi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bituriges_Vivisci" title="Bituriges Vivisci">Bituriges Vivisci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cadurci" title="Cadurci">Cadurci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carnutes" title="Carnutes">Carnutes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coriosolites" title="Coriosolites">Coriosolites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Durocasses" title="Durocasses">Durocasses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esuvii" title="Esuvii">Esuvii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabali" title="Gabali">Gabali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helvetii" title="Helvetii">Helvetii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latobrigi" title="Latobrigi">Latobrigi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lemovices" title="Lemovices">Lemovices</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lexovii" title="Lexovii">Lexovii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lingones" title="Lingones">Lingones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandubii" title="Mandubii">Mandubii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namnetes" title="Namnetes">Namnetes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nitiobroges" title="Nitiobroges">Nitiobroges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osismii" title="Osismii">Osismii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parisii_(Gaul)" title="Parisii (Gaul)">Parisii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petrocorii" title="Petrocorii">Petrocorii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pictones" title="Pictones">Pictones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rauraci" title="Rauraci">Rauraci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redones" title="Redones">Redones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruteni" title="Ruteni">Ruteni</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sagii&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sagii (page does not exist)">Sagii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santoni_(tribe)" title="Santoni (tribe)">Santoni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senones" title="Senones">Senones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Segusiavi" title="Segusiavi">Segusiavi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sequani" title="Sequani">Sequani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tigurini" title="Tigurini">Tigurini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tricasses" title="Tricasses">Tricasses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tulingi" title="Tulingi">Tulingi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turoni" title="Turoni">Turoni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vellavii" title="Vellavii">Vellavii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venelli" title="Venelli">Venelli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veneti_(Gaul)" title="Veneti (Gaul)">Veneti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viducasses" title="Viducasses">Viducasses</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Gallia_Narbonensis" title="Gallia Narbonensis">Narbonensis</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agesinates&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Agesinates (page does not exist)">Agesinates</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Albici&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Albici (page does not exist)">Albici</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Allobroges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anatilii" title="Anatilii">Anatilii</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Atacini&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Atacini (page does not exist)">Atacini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avatici" title="Avatici">Avatici</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bormani&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bormani (page does not exist)">Bormani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Budenicenses" title="Budenicenses">Budenicenses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camactulici" title="Camactulici">Camactulici</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cavari" title="Cavari">Cavari</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cenomani_(Narbonensis)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cenomani (Narbonensis) (page does not exist)">Cenomani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comani_(tribe)" title="Comani (tribe)">Comani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dexivates" title="Dexivates">Dexivates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helvii" title="Helvii">Helvii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libicii_(Narbonensis)" title="Libicii (Narbonensis)">Libicii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ligauni" title="Ligauni">Ligauni</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Longostaletes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Longostaletes (page does not exist)">Longostaletes</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Memini_(tribe)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Memini (tribe) (page does not exist)">Memini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nearchi" title="Nearchi">Nearchi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxybii" title="Oxybii">Oxybii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reii" title="Reii">Reii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salyes" title="Salyes">Salyes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Segobrigii" title="Segobrigii">Segobrigii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Segovellauni" title="Segovellauni">Segovellauni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suelteri" title="Suelteri">Suelteri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tolosates" class="mw-redirect" title="Tolosates">Tolosates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tricastini" title="Tricastini">Tricastini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tricores" title="Tricores">Tricores</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tricorii&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tricorii (page does not exist)">Tricorii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tritolli" title="Tritolli">Tritolli</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vertamocorii_(Narbonensis)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vertamocorii (Narbonensis) (page does not exist)">Vertamocorii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verucini" title="Verucini">Verucini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vocontii" title="Vocontii">Vocontii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volcae" title="Volcae">Volcae</a> (<a href="/wiki/Arecomici" title="Arecomici">Arecomici</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tectosages" title="Tectosages">Tectosages</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vulgientes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vulgientes (page does not exist)">Vulgientes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Gallia_Alpina" class="mw-redirect" title="Gallia Alpina">Alpina</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acitavones" title="Acitavones">Acitavones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adanates" title="Adanates">Adanates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adunicates" title="Adunicates">Adunicates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alauni" title="Alauni">Alauni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambidravi" title="Ambidravi">Ambidravi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambilici" title="Ambilici">Ambilici</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambisontes" title="Ambisontes">Ambisontes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aneuniates" title="Aneuniates">Aneuniates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ausuciates" title="Ausuciates">Ausuciates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avantici" title="Avantici">Avantici</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belaci" title="Belaci">Belaci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belouni" title="Belouni">Belouni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benacenses" title="Benacenses">Benacenses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bergalei" title="Bergalei">Bergalei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bodiontici" title="Bodiontici">Bodiontici</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brigantii" title="Brigantii">Brigantii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brigianii" title="Brigianii">Brigianii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brixentes" title="Brixentes">Brixentes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calucones" title="Calucones">Calucones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carni" title="Carni">Carni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catenates" title="Catenates">Catenates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catubrini" title="Catubrini">Catubrini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caturiges" title="Caturiges">Caturiges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceutrones" title="Ceutrones">Ceutrones</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cosuanetes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cosuanetes (page does not exist)">Cosuanetes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecdinii" title="Ecdinii">Ecdinii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eguiturii" title="Eguiturii">Eguiturii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gallitae" title="Gallitae">Gallitae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genauni" title="Genauni">Genauni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graioceli" title="Graioceli">Graioceli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iemerii" title="Iemerii">Iemerii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ingauni" title="Ingauni">Ingauni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Licates" title="Licates">Licates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medulli" title="Medulli">Medulli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nantuates" title="Nantuates">Nantuates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nemaloni" title="Nemaloni">Nemaloni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nemeturii" title="Nemeturii">Nemeturii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quariates" title="Quariates">Quariates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rucinates" title="Rucinates">Rucinates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salassi" title="Salassi">Salassi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Savincates" title="Savincates">Savincates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sebaginni" title="Sebaginni">Sebaginni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seduni" title="Seduni">Seduni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Segovii" title="Segovii">Segovii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Segusini" title="Segusini">Segusini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sentii" title="Sentii">Sentii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sogionti" title="Sogionti">Sogionti</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Suanetes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Suanetes (page does not exist)">Suanetes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suetrii" title="Suetrii">Suetrii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tebavii" title="Tebavii">Tebavii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triulatti" title="Triulatti">Triulatti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ucennii" title="Ucennii">Ucennii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vediantii" title="Vediantii">Vediantii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Velaunii" title="Velaunii">Velaunii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venisami" title="Venisami">Venisami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venostes" title="Venostes">Venostes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vennones" title="Vennones">Vennones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veragri" title="Veragri">Veragri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vergunni" title="Vergunni">Vergunni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vesubiani" title="Vesubiani">Vesubiani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vindelici" title="Vindelici">Vindelici</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Gallia_Cisalpina" class="mw-redirect" title="Gallia Cisalpina">Cisalpina</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anamares&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anamares (page does not exist)">Anamares</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anauni&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anauni (page does not exist)">Anauni</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anesiates&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anesiates (page does not exist)">Anesiates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arusnates" title="Arusnates">Arusnates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bagienni" title="Bagienni">Bagienni</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boii_(Cisalpine_Gaul)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Boii (Cisalpine Gaul) (page does not exist)">Boii</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bromanenses&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bromanenses (page does not exist)">Bromanenses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cenomani_(Cisalpine_Gaul)" title="Cenomani (Cisalpine Gaul)">Cenomani</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gallianates&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gallianates (page does not exist)">Gallianates</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gennanates&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gennanates (page does not exist)">Gennanates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insubres" title="Insubres">Insubres</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Libicii_(Cisalpine_Gaul)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Libicii (Cisalpine Gaul) (page does not exist)">Libicii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marici_(tribe)" title="Marici (tribe)">Marici</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Montunates&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Montunates (page does not exist)">Montunates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orobii" title="Orobii">Orobii</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Subinates&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Subinates (page does not exist)">Subinates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taurini" title="Taurini">Taurini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vertamocorii" title="Vertamocorii">Vertamocorii</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Votodrones&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Votodrones (page does not exist)">Votodrones</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Gallia_Aquitania" title="Gallia Aquitania">Aquitania</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boii_(Aquitania)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Boii (Aquitania) (page does not exist)">Boii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cocosates" title="Cocosates">Cocosates</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lactorates&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lactorates (page does not exist)">Lactorates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sotiates" title="Sotiates">Sotiates</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tarusates&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tarusates (page does not exist)">Tarusates</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vasates_(tribe)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vasates (tribe) (page does not exist)">Vasates</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Celtic_settlement_of_Southeast_Europe" title="Celtic settlement of Southeast Europe">Eastern Europe</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anartes" title="Anartes">Anartes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arabiates" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabiates">Arabiates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boii" title="Boii">Boii</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Britolagai&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Britolagai (page does not exist)">Britolagai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornacates" class="mw-redirect" title="Cornacates">Cornacates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Costoboci" title="Costoboci">Costoboci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gotini" class="mw-redirect" title="Gotini">Gotini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eravisci" title="Eravisci">Eravisci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hercuniates" class="mw-redirect" title="Hercuniates">Hercuniates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latobici" title="Latobici">Latobici</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scordisci" title="Scordisci">Scordisci</a> (<a href="/wiki/Dindari" title="Dindari">Dindari</a> and <a href="/wiki/Celegeri" title="Celegeri">Celegeri</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serdi" title="Serdi">Serdi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taurisci" title="Taurisci">Taurisci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Varciani" title="Varciani">Varciani</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Galatia" title="Galatia">Galatia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aigosages" title="Aigosages">Aigosages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tectosages" title="Tectosages">Tectosages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tolistobogii" title="Tolistobogii">Tolistobogii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trocmi" title="Trocmi">Trocmi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pre-Roman<br />settlements</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alesia_(city)" title="Alesia (city)">Alesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argentomagus" title="Argentomagus">Argentomagus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avaricum" title="Avaricum">Avaricum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basel-M%C3%BCnsterh%C3%BCgel" title="Basel-Münsterhügel">Basel-Münsterhügel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bibracte" title="Bibracte">Bibracte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bibrax" title="Bibrax">Bibrax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cenabum" title="Cenabum">Cenabum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cularo" title="Cularo">Cularo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oppidum_d%27Ens%C3%A9rune" title="Oppidum d'Ensérune">Ensérune</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Entremont_(oppidum)" title="Entremont (oppidum)">Entremont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gergovia" title="Gergovia">Gergovia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magetobria" title="Magetobria">Magetobria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noreia" title="Noreia">Noreia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tylis" title="Tylis">Tylis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vertillum" title="Vertillum">Vertillum</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><i>Part of:</i> <a href="/wiki/Celts" title="Celts">Celts</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Celts_and_modern_Celts" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Celts" title="Template:Celts"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Celts" title="Template talk:Celts"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Celts" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Celts"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Celts_and_modern_Celts" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Celts" title="Celts">Celts</a> and <a href="/wiki/Celts_(modern)" title="Celts (modern)">modern Celts</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><a href="/wiki/Celtic_nations" title="Celtic nations">Celtic nations</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Celtic_studies" title="Celtic studies">Celtic studies</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/List_of_ancient_Celtic_peoples_and_tribes" title="List of ancient Celtic peoples and tribes">Celtic tribes</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Celtic_languages" title="Celtic languages">Celtic languages</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Peoples" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Celts" title="Celts">Peoples</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_ancient_Celtic_peoples_and_tribes" title="List of ancient Celtic peoples and tribes">Ancient Celtic ethnic groups</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Names_of_the_Celts" title="Names of the Celts">Names</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Belgae" title="Belgae">Belgae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_Britons" title="Celtic Britons">Britons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caledonians" title="Caledonians">Caledonians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtiberians" title="Celtiberians">Celtiberians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaels" title="Gaels">Gaels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gallaeci" title="Gallaeci">Gallaeci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gauls" title="Gauls">Gauls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galatians_(people)" title="Galatians (people)">Galatians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helvetii" title="Helvetii">Helvetii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lepontii" title="Lepontii">Lepontii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noricum" title="Noricum">Noricum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volcae" title="Volcae">Volcae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Celts_(modern)" title="Celts (modern)">Modern Celtic ethnic groups</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bretons" title="Bretons">Bretons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornish_people" title="Cornish people">Cornish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_people" title="Welsh people">Welsh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaels" title="Gaels">Gaels</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Irish_people" title="Irish people">Irish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manx_people" title="Manx people">Manx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_people" title="Scottish people">Scots</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Celtic diaspora</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cornish_diaspora" title="Cornish diaspora">Cornish diaspora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_diaspora" title="Irish diaspora">Irish diaspora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_diaspora" title="Scottish diaspora">Scottish diaspora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_diaspora" class="mw-redirect" title="Welsh diaspora">Welsh diaspora</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related ethnic groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Celtic" title="Anglo-Celtic">Anglo-Celtic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breton_Americans" title="Breton Americans">Breton Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornish_Americans" title="Cornish Americans">Cornish Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_people" title="English people">English people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_people" title="Irish people">Irish people</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="8" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Celtic_round_dogs.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Celtic_round_dogs.svg/100px-Celtic_round_dogs.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Celtic_round_dogs.svg/150px-Celtic_round_dogs.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Celtic_round_dogs.svg/200px-Celtic_round_dogs.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1400" data-file-height="1400" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Studies" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Celtic_studies" title="Celtic studies">Studies</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Places</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gaelic_Ireland" title="Gaelic Ireland">Gaelic Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%A1l_Riata" title="Dál Riata">Dálriata</a> / <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Alba" title="Kingdom of Alba">Alba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Iron_Age" title="British Iron Age">Iron Age Britain</a> / <a href="/wiki/Brigantia_(ancient_region)" title="Brigantia (ancient region)">Brigantia (ancient region)</a> / <a href="/wiki/Roman_Britain" title="Roman Britain">Roman Britain</a> / <a href="/wiki/Sub-Roman_Britain" title="Sub-Roman Britain">Sub-Roman Britain</a> / <a href="/wiki/Dumnonia" title="Dumnonia">Dumnonia</a> / <a href="/wiki/Hen_Ogledd" title="Hen Ogledd">Hen Ogledd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaul" title="Gaul">Iron Age Gaul</a> / <a href="/wiki/Roman_Gaul" title="Roman Gaul">Roman Gaul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Britonia" title="Britonia">Britonia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armorica" title="Armorica">Armorica</a> / <a href="/wiki/Domnon%C3%A9e" title="Domnonée">Domnonée</a> / <a href="/wiki/Brittany" title="Brittany">Brittany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gallaecia" title="Gallaecia">Gallaecia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cisalpine_Gaul" title="Cisalpine Gaul">Cisalpine Gaul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_settlement_of_Southeast_Europe" title="Celtic settlement of Southeast Europe">Balkans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celts_in_Transylvania" title="Celts in Transylvania">Transylvania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galatia" title="Galatia">Galatia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ancient religion</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Proto-Celtic_paganism" title="Proto-Celtic paganism">Proto-Celtic religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Celtic_religion" title="Ancient Celtic religion">Celtic polytheism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_deities" title="Celtic deities">Celtic deities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_Animism" title="Celtic Animism">Celtic Animism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_mythology" title="Celtic mythology">Celtic mythology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_Christianity" title="Celtic Christianity">Celtic Christianity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_Rite" title="Celtic Rite">Celtic Rites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_stone_idols" title="Celtic stone idols">Celtic stone idolss</a>* <a href="/wiki/Druid" title="Druid">Druids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insular_Monasticism" class="mw-redirect" title="Insular Monasticism">Monasticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romano-Celtic_temple" title="Romano-Celtic temple">Romano-Celtic temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Celtic_pagan_practices" title="Template:Celtic pagan practices">Practices</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mythology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Irish_mythology" title="Irish mythology">Irish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_mythology" title="Scottish mythology">Scottish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_mythology" title="Welsh mythology">Welsh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matter_of_Britain" title="Matter of Britain">British</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breton_mythology" title="Breton mythology">Breton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornish_mythology" title="Cornish mythology">Cornish</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Society</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bard" title="Bard">Bard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brehon" title="Brehon">Brehon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_calendar" title="Celtic calendar">Celtic calendar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Celtic_festivals" title="List of Celtic festivals">Celtic festivals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Celtic_women" title="Ancient Celtic women">Celtic women</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celticisation" title="Celticisation">Celticisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_of_the_Name" title="Chief of the Name">Chief of the Name</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Derbfine" title="Derbfine">Derbfine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Druid" title="Druid">Druid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_clan_chief" title="Scottish clan chief">Clan chief</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaelicisation" title="Gaelicisation">Gaelicisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_Irish_astrology" title="Early Irish astrology">Gaelic astrology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F%C3%A1inne" title="Fáinne">Fáinne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fili" class="mw-redirect" title="Fili">Fili</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_law" title="Celtic law">Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanistry" title="Tanistry">Tanistry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seancha%C3%AD" title="Seanchaí">Seanchaí</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sept" title="Sept">Sept</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C3%BAath" title="Túath">Túath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vates" title="Vates">Vates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_warfare" class="mw-redirect" title="Celtic warfare">Warfare</a> (<a href="/wiki/Gaelic_warfare" title="Gaelic warfare">Gaelic</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_coinage" title="Celtic coinage">Coinage</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Modern_Celts" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Celts_(modern)" title="Celts (modern)">Modern Celts</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_Revival" title="Celtic Revival">Celtic Revival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_nations" title="Celtic nations">Celtic nations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-Celticism" title="Pan-Celticism">Pan-Celticism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_Congress" title="Celtic Congress">Celtic Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_League" title="Celtic League">Celtic League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_union" title="Celtic union">Celtic union</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_music" title="Celtic music">Music</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_rock" title="Celtic rock">Rock</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Celtic_Christianity" title="Neo-Celtic Christianity">Neo-Christianity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_neopaganism" title="Celtic neopaganism">Neopaganism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_Wicca" title="Celtic Wicca">Celtic Wicca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Druidry_(modern)" title="Druidry (modern)">Neo-Druidism</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Nations" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Celtic_nations" title="Celtic nations">Nations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Celtic_League" title="Celtic League">Celtic League</a> definition</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brittany" title="Brittany">Brittany</a> (<span title="Breton-language text"><i lang="br">Breizh</i></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornwall" title="Cornwall">Cornwall</a> (<span title="Cornish-language text"><i lang="kw">Kernow</i></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ireland" title="Ireland">Ireland</a> (<span title="Irish-language text"><i lang="ga">Éire</i></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Man" title="Isle of Man">Isle of Man</a> (<span title="Manx-language text"><i lang="gv">Mannin</i></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a> (<span title="Scottish Gaelic-language text"><i lang="gd">Alba</i></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wales" title="Wales">Wales</a> (<span title="Welsh-language text"><i lang="cy">Cymru</i></span>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other claimants</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nova_Scotia" title="Nova Scotia">Nova Scotia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Y_Wladfa" title="Y Wladfa">Y Wladfa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Culture" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Culture</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Celtic_literature" title="Celtic literature">Literature</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Matter_of_Britain" title="Matter of Britain">Arthurian Legend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_bardic_poetry" title="Irish bardic poetry">Bardic Poetry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breton_literature" title="Breton literature">Breton literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornish_literature" title="Cornish literature">Cornish literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_literature" title="Irish literature">Irish literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manx_literature" title="Manx literature">Manx literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_literature" title="Scottish literature">Scottish literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh-language_literature" title="Welsh-language literature">Welsh-language literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_literature_in_English" title="Welsh literature in English">Welsh literature in English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_Irish_literature" title="Early Irish literature">Early Irish literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_annals" title="Irish annals">Irish annals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaelic_literature" title="Gaelic literature">Gaelic literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Gaelic_literature" title="Scottish Gaelic literature">Scottish Gaelic literature</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National cultures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Brittany" title="Culture of Brittany">Brittany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Cornwall" title="Culture of Cornwall">Cornwall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Ireland" title="Culture of Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_the_Isle_of_Man" title="Culture of the Isle of Man">Isle of Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Scotland" title="Culture of Scotland">Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Wales" title="Culture of Wales">Wales</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Celtic_art" title="Celtic art">Art</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bell_shrine" title="Bell shrine">Bell shrines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_brooch" title="Celtic brooch">Brooches</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dragonesque_brooch" title="Dragonesque brooch">Dragonesque</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carnyx" title="Carnyx">Carnyx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_cross" title="Celtic cross">Celtic cross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_knot" title="Celtic knot">Knotwork</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_cross" title="High cross">High crosses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insular_art" title="Insular art">Insular art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interlace_(art)" title="Interlace (art)">Interlace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_leaf-crown" title="Celtic leaf-crown">Leaf-crowns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_maze" title="Celtic maze">Mazes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pictish_stone" title="Pictish stone">Pictish stones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torc" title="Torc">Torcs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triskelion" title="Triskelion">Triple spiral</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Clothing</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_Dress" class="mw-redirect" title="Celtic Dress">Celtic Dress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_clothing" title="Irish clothing">Gaelic clothing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Highland_dress" title="Highland dress">Highland dress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tartan" title="Tartan">Tartan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Regional cultures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gaelic_Ireland" title="Gaelic Ireland">Gaelic culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Highlands" title="Scottish Highlands">Highland culture</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Celtic_music" title="Celtic music">Music</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Celtic_music" title="Ancient Celtic music">Ancient Celtic music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Brittany" title="Music of Brittany">Breton Folk music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaelic_folk_music" title="Gaelic folk music">Gaelic music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_traditional_music" title="Irish traditional music">Irish folk music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_folk_music" title="Scottish folk music">Scottish folk music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_folk_music" title="Welsh folk music">Welsh folk music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sean-n%C3%B3s_singing" title="Sean-nós singing">Sean-nós singing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carnyx" title="Carnyx">Carnyx</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="National_music_scenes" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National music scenes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Brittany" title="Music of Brittany">Brittany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Cornwall" title="Music of Cornwall">Cornwall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folk_music_of_Ireland" class="mw-redirect" title="Folk music of Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_the_Isle_of_Man" title="Music of the Isle of Man">Isle of Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Scotland" title="Music of Scotland">Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Wales" title="Music of Wales">Wales</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Celtic_festivals" title="List of Celtic festivals">Festivals</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_calendar" title="Celtic calendar">Calendar</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Samhain" title="Samhain">Samhain</a>/<a href="/wiki/Calan_Gaeaf" title="Calan Gaeaf">Calan Gaeaf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imbolc" title="Imbolc">Imbolc</a>/<a href="/wiki/G%C5%B5yl_Fair_y_Canhwyllau" title="Gŵyl Fair y Canhwyllau">Gŵyl Fair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beltane" title="Beltane">Beltane</a>/<a href="/wiki/Calan_Mai" title="Calan Mai">Calan Mai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lughnasadh" title="Lughnasadh">Lughnasadh</a>/<a href="/wiki/Gathering_Day" title="Gathering Day">Calan Awst</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Festival_Interceltique_de_Lorient" title="Festival Interceltique de Lorient">Festival Interceltique de Lorient</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan_Celtic_Festival" title="Pan Celtic Festival">Pan Celtic Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hebridean_Celtic_Festival" title="Hebridean Celtic Festival">Hebridean Celtic Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_Connections" title="Celtic Connections">Celtic Connections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_Media_Festival" title="Celtic Media Festival">Celtic Media Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eisteddfod" title="Eisteddfod">Eisteddfod</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sport</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bando_(sport)" title="Bando (sport)">Bando</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bataireacht" class="mw-redirect" title="Bataireacht">Bataireacht</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camogie" title="Camogie">Camogie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cammag" title="Cammag">Cammag</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cnapan" title="Cnapan">Cnapan</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornish_hurling" title="Cornish hurling">Cornish hurling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornish_wrestling" title="Cornish wrestling">Cornish wrestling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curling" title="Curling">Curling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaelic_football" title="Gaelic football">Gaelic football</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ladies%27_Gaelic_football" title="Ladies' Gaelic football">Ladies'</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaelic_handball" title="Gaelic handball">Gaelic handball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gouren" title="Gouren">Gouren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rounders" title="Rounders">Rounders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Highland_games" title="Highland games">Highland games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurling" title="Hurling">Hurling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_road_bowling" title="Irish road bowling">Road bowls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shinty" title="Shinty">Shinty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_handball" title="Welsh handball">Welsh handball</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Politics" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Politics</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Nationalism</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Breton_nationalism" title="Breton nationalism">Breton nationalism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Breton_nationalism" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Breton nationalism">history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reunification_of_Brittany" title="Reunification of Brittany">reunification</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornish_nationalism" title="Cornish nationalism">Cornish nationalism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constitutional_status_of_Cornwall" title="Constitutional status of Cornwall">status</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_nationalism" title="Irish nationalism">Irish nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manx_nationalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Manx nationalism">Isle of Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitutional_status_of_Orkney,_Shetland_and_the_Western_Isles" title="Constitutional status of Orkney, Shetland and the Western Isles">Constitutional status of Orkney, Shetland and the Western Isles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_nationalism" title="Scottish nationalism">Scottish nationalism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_national_identity" title="Scottish national identity">national identity</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_nationalism" title="Welsh nationalism">Welsh nationalism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_national_identity" class="mw-redirect" title="Welsh national identity">national identity</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Autonomy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cornish_devolution" title="Cornish devolution">Cornish devolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_devolution" title="Scottish devolution">Scottish devolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_devolution" title="Welsh devolution">Welsh devolution</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Independence</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Breton_independence" class="mw-redirect" title="Breton independence">Breton independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_independence" title="Scottish independence">Scottish independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_independence" title="Welsh independence">Welsh independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Ireland" title="United Ireland">United Ireland</a> and <a href="/wiki/Irish_republicanism" title="Irish republicanism">Irish republicanism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pan-Celticism" title="Pan-Celticism">Pan-Celticism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_League" title="Celtic League">Celtic League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_Congress" title="Celtic Congress">Celtic Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_Revival" title="Celtic Revival">Celtic Revival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_society" title="Celtic society">Celtic society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_unity" class="mw-redirect" title="Celtic unity">Celtic unity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columba_Project" title="Columba Project">Columba Project</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Languages" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Celtic_languages" title="Celtic languages">Languages</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Brittonic_languages" title="Brittonic languages">Brittonic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Breton_language" title="Breton language">Breton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornish_language" title="Cornish language">Cornish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_language" title="Welsh language">Welsh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Goidelic_languages" title="Goidelic languages">Goidelic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Irish_language" title="Irish language">Irish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manx_language" title="Manx language">Manx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Gaelic" title="Scottish Gaelic">Scottish Gaelic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mixed_language" title="Mixed language">Mixed</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shelta" title="Shelta">Shelta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bungi_dialect" title="Bungi dialect">Bungi Creole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beurla_Reagaird" title="Beurla Reagaird">Beurla Reagaird</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Continental_Celtic_languages" title="Continental Celtic languages">Ancient Celtic languages</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Extinct_language" title="Extinct language">Extinct</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Proto-Celtic_language" title="Proto-Celtic language">Proto-Celtic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_Brittonic" title="Common Brittonic">Proto-Brittonic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Primitive_Irish" title="Primitive Irish">Proto-Goidelic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtiberian_language" title="Celtiberian language">Celtiberian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaulish" title="Gaulish">Gaulish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galatian_language" title="Galatian language">Galatian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gallaecian_language" title="Gallaecian language">Gallaecian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lepontic_language" title="Lepontic language">Lepontic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noric_language" title="Noric language">Noric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cumbric" title="Cumbric">Cumbric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pictish_language" title="Pictish language">Pictish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hispano-Celtic_languages" title="Hispano-Celtic languages">Hispano-Celtic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cisalpine_Gaulish" title="Cisalpine Gaulish">Cisalpine Gaulish</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Gaelic" title="Scottish Gaelic">Scottish Gaelic</a> dialects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arran_Gaelic" title="Arran Gaelic">Arran Gaelic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deeside_Gaelic" title="Deeside Gaelic">Deeside Gaelic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galwegian_Gaelic" title="Galwegian Gaelic">Galwegian Gaelic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Law_and_Warfare" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Celtic_law" title="Celtic law">Law</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Celtic_warfare" title="Ancient Celtic warfare">Warfare</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Celtic_law" title="Celtic law">Law</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Early_Irish_law" title="Early Irish law">Early Irish law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyfraith_Hywel" title="Cyfraith Hywel">Cyfraith Hywel</a> (Medieval Welsh law)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Scots_law" title="History of Scots law">Early Scots law</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Celtic_warfare" title="Ancient Celtic warfare">Warfare</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gaelic_warfare" title="Gaelic warfare">Gaelic warfare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cateran" title="Cateran">Ceathairne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kern_(soldier)" title="Kern (soldier)">Ceithearn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fianna" title="Fianna">Fianna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaesatae" title="Gaesatae">Gaesatae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gallowglass" title="Gallowglass">Gallóglaigh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hobelar" title="Hobelar">Hobelar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redshank_(soldier)" title="Redshank (soldier)">Redshanks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trimarcisia" title="Trimarcisia">Trimarcisia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Lists" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Lists</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ancient_Celtic_peoples_and_tribes" title="List of ancient Celtic peoples and tribes">Tribes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Celtic_deities" title="List of Celtic deities">Deities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_English_words_of_Celtic_origin" title="Lists of English words of Celtic origin">Celtic words in English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Spanish_words_of_Celtic_origin" title="List of Spanish words of Celtic origin">– in Spanish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Galician_words_of_Celtic_origin" title="List of Galician words of Celtic origin">– in Galician</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_French_words_of_Gaulish_origin" title="List of French words of Gaulish origin">Gaulish words in French</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Celtic_place_names_in_Galicia" title="List of Celtic place names in Galicia">Celtic place names in Galicia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Celtic_place_names_in_Italy" title="List of Celtic place names in Italy">– in Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Celtic_place_names_in_Portugal" title="List of Celtic place names in Portugal">– in Portugal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Celts" title="Portal:Celts">Celts portal</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Triple-Spiral-4turns_green_transparent.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Triple-Spiral-4turns_green_transparent.svg/16px-Triple-Spiral-4turns_green_transparent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Triple-Spiral-4turns_green_transparent.svg/24px-Triple-Spiral-4turns_green_transparent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Triple-Spiral-4turns_green_transparent.svg/32px-Triple-Spiral-4turns_green_transparent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="639" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q656308#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q656308#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q656308#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh2003000702">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007535073005171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td 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