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Frantses - Wikipedia, entziklopedia askea.
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class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"><!-- CentralNotice --></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Gunea"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Edukiak" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Edukiak</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button 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id="toc-Jatorria-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Frantsesaren_sorrera" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Frantsesaren_sorrera"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Frantsesaren sorrera</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Frantsesaren_sorrera-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Antzinako_frantsesa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Antzinako_frantsesa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Antzinako frantsesa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Antzinako_frantsesa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Frantses_ertaina" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Frantses_ertaina"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Frantses ertaina</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Frantses_ertaina-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Frantses_modernoa:_XVIII._mendetik_gaur_egunera" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Frantses_modernoa:_XVIII._mendetik_gaur_egunera"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Frantses modernoa: XVIII. mendetik gaur egunera</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Frantses_modernoa:_XVIII._mendetik_gaur_egunera-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Eskualdeko_patois_guztiak_alboratzea" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eskualdeko_patois_guztiak_alboratzea"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Eskualdeko <i>patois</i> guztiak alboratzea</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eskualdeko_patois_guztiak_alboratzea-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fonetika" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fonetika"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Fonetika</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Fonetika-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Erakutsi/ezkutatu Fonetika azpiatal</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Fonetika-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Fonologia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fonologia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Fonologia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fonologia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bokalen_eta_kontsonanteen_konbinazioak_ahoskatzea" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bokalen_eta_kontsonanteen_konbinazioak_ahoskatzea"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Bokalen eta kontsonanteen konbinazioak ahoskatzea</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bokalen_eta_kontsonanteen_konbinazioak_ahoskatzea-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Idazkera" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Idazkera"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Idazkera</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Idazkera-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Frantses_gramatikaren_ezaugarri_batzuk" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Frantses_gramatikaren_ezaugarri_batzuk"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Frantses gramatikaren ezaugarri batzuk</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Frantses_gramatikaren_ezaugarri_batzuk-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hiztegia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hiztegia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Hiztegia</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Hiztegia-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Erakutsi/ezkutatu Hiztegia azpiatal</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Hiztegia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Zenbakiak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Zenbakiak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Zenbakiak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Zenbakiak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Maiz_erabiltzen_diren_hitz_edo_esaldiak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Maiz_erabiltzen_diren_hitz_edo_esaldiak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Maiz erabiltzen diren hitz edo esaldiak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Maiz_erabiltzen_diren_hitz_edo_esaldiak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Frantsesaren_aldaerak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Frantsesaren_aldaerak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Frantsesaren aldaerak</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Frantsesaren_aldaerak-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Erakutsi/ezkutatu Frantsesaren aldaerak azpiatal</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Frantsesaren_aldaerak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Frantzian" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Frantzian"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Frantzian</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Frantzian-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Parisko_frantsesa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Parisko_frantsesa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1.1</span> <span>Parisko frantsesa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Parisko_frantsesa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kanadan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kanadan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Kanadan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kanadan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Quebecen" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Quebecen"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Quebecen</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Quebecen-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Frantsesa_munduan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Frantsesa_munduan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Frantsesa munduan</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Frantsesa_munduan-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Erakutsi/ezkutatu Frantsesa munduan azpiatal</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Frantsesa_munduan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Frantsesa,_nazioarteko_hizkuntza" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Frantsesa,_nazioarteko_hizkuntza"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Frantsesa, nazioarteko hizkuntza</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Frantsesa,_nazioarteko_hizkuntza-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hizkuntza_ofiziala" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hizkuntza_ofiziala"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Hizkuntza ofiziala</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hizkuntza_ofiziala-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Laneko_hizkuntza" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Laneko_hizkuntza"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3</span> <span>Laneko hizkuntza</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Laneko_hizkuntza-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Atzerriko_hizkuntza" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Atzerriko_hizkuntza"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.4</span> <span>Atzerriko hizkuntza</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Atzerriko_hizkuntza-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Frankofonoak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Frankofonoak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.5</span> <span>Frankofonoak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Frankofonoak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Literatura" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Literatura"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Literatura</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Literatura-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Musika" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Musika"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Musika</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Musika-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Zinema" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Zinema"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Zinema</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Zinema-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Erreferentziak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Erreferentziak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Erreferentziak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Erreferentziak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ikus,_gainera" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ikus,_gainera"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Ikus, gainera</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ikus,_gainera-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kanpo_estekak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kanpo_estekak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Kanpo estekak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kanpo_estekak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Edukiak" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Eduki taularen ikusgarritasuna aldatu" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Eduki taularen ikusgarritasuna aldatu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Frantses</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Joan beste hizkuntza batean idatzitako artikulu batera. 269 hizkuntzatan eskuragarri." > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-269" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">269 hizkuntza</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%8B%D0%B7_%D0%B1%D1%8B%D0%B7%D1%88%D3%99%D0%B0" title="Афранцыз бызшәа – abkhaziera" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Афранцыз бызшәа" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="abkhaziera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahsa_Peurancih" title="Bahsa Peurancih – acehnera" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Bahsa Peurancih" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="acehnera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Acèh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ady mw-list-item"><a href="https://ady.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%8B%D0%B1%D0%B7%D1%8D" title="Францыбзэ – adigera" lang="ady" hreflang="ady" data-title="Францыбзэ" data-language-autonym="Адыгабзэ" data-language-local-name="adigera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгабзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikulu nabarmenduak"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frans" title="Frans – afrikaansa" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Frans" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaansa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franz%C3%B6sische_Sprache" title="Französische Sprache – Suitzako alemana" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Französische Sprache" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Suitzako alemana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8D%88%E1%88%A8%E1%8A%95%E1%88%B3%E1%8B%AD%E1%8A%9B" title="ፈረንሳይኛ – amharera" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ፈረንሳይኛ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amharera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_franc%C3%A9s" title="Idioma francés – aragoiera" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Idioma francés" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragoiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frencisc_spr%C7%A3c" title="Frencisc sprǣc – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Frencisc sprǣc" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%9A_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="फ्रेंच भाषा – angikera" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="फ्रेंच भाषा" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="angikera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="اللغة الفرنسية – arabiera" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="اللغة الفرنسية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%A0%DC%AB%DC%A2%DC%90_%DC%A6%DC%AA%DC%A2%DC%A3%DC%9D%DC%90" title="ܠܫܢܐ ܦܪܢܣܝܐ – Aramaic" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܠܫܢܐ ܦܪܢܣܝܐ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="Aramaic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="لفرانساوية – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="لفرانساوية" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%89" title="فرنساوى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="فرنساوى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_franc%C3%A9s" title="Idioma francés – asturiera" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Idioma francés" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%86%D3%80" title="Паранс мацӀ – avarera" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Паранс мацӀ" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="avarera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francava" title="Francava – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Francava" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%BC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="फ़्रांसिसी भाषा – awadhiera" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="फ़्रांसिसी भाषा" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="awadhiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phransiya_aru" title="Phransiya aru – aimara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Phransiya aru" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="aimara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frans%C4%B1z_dili" title="Fransız dili – azerbaijanera" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Fransız dili" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaijanera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%87_%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C" title="فرانسه دیلی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="فرانسه دیلی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%83%D0%B7_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5" title="Француз теле – baxkirera" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Француз теле" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="baxkirera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basa_Prancis" title="Basa Prancis – baliera" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Basa Prancis" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="baliera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franzesische_Sproch" title="Franzesische Sproch – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Franzesische Sproch" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pranc%C5%ABzu_kalba" title="Prancūzu kalba – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Prancūzu kalba" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bbc mw-list-item"><a href="https://bbc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hata_Perancis" title="Hata Perancis – Batak Toba" lang="bbc" hreflang="bbc" data-title="Hata Perancis" data-language-autonym="Batak Toba" data-language-local-name="Batak Toba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Toba</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tataramon_na_Pranses" title="Tataramon na Pranses – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Tataramon na Pranses" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%83%D0%B7%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Французская мова – bielorrusiera" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Французская мова" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="bielorrusiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Француская мова – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Француская мова" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Френски език – bulgariera" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Френски език" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgariera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="फ्रांसीसी भाषा – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="फ्रांसीसी भाषा" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basa_Parancis" title="Basa Parancis – Banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Basa Parancis" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="Banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Banjar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bm mw-list-item"><a href="https://bm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faransekan" title="Faransekan – bambarera" lang="bm" hreflang="bm" data-title="Faransekan" data-language-autonym="Bamanankan" data-language-local-name="bambarera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bamanankan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AB%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BF_%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%BE" title="ফরাসি ভাষা – bengalera" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ফরাসি ভাষা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A7%E0%BE%A5%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A2%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A6%E0%BD%B2%E0%BD%A0%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A6%E0%BE%90%E0%BD%91%E0%BC%8D" title="ཧྥ་རན་སིའི་སྐད། – tibetera" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ཧྥ་རན་སིའི་སྐད།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="tibetera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galleg" title="Galleg – bretoiera" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Galleg" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretoiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francuski_jezik" title="Francuski jezik – bosniera" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Francuski jezik" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-btm mw-list-item"><a href="https://btm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saro_Perancis" title="Saro Perancis – Batak Mandailing" lang="btm" hreflang="btm" data-title="Saro Perancis" data-language-autonym="Batak Mandailing" data-language-local-name="Batak Mandailing" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Mandailing</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%83%D0%B7_%D1%85%D1%8D%D0%BB%D1%8D%D0%BD" title="Француз хэлэн – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Француз хэлэн" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franc%C3%A8s" title="Francès – katalana" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Francès" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hu%C3%A1k-ng%E1%B9%B3%CC%84" title="Huák-ngṳ̄ – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Huák-ngṳ̄" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%82" title="Французийн мотт – txetxenera" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Французийн мотт" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="txetxenera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prinanses" title="Prinanses – cebuanoera" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Prinanses" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="cebuanoera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8E%A6%E1%8E%B8%E1%8F%A5_%E1%8E%A6%E1%8F%AC%E1%8F%82%E1%8E%AF%E1%8F%8D%E1%8F%97" title="ᎦᎸᏥ ᎦᏬᏂᎯᏍᏗ – txerokiera" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᎦᎸᏥ ᎦᏬᏂᎯᏍᏗ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="txerokiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᏣᎳᎩ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chy mw-list-item"><a href="https://chy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toh%C3%A1ano%27%C3%A9ve%27ho%27etse" title="Toháano'éve'ho'etse – txeieneera" lang="chy" hreflang="chy" data-title="Toháano'éve'ho'etse" data-language-autonym="Tsetsêhestâhese" data-language-local-name="txeieneera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tsetsêhestâhese</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%D9%81%DB%95%DA%95%DB%95%D9%86%D8%B3%DB%8C" title="زمانی فەڕەنسی – erdialdeko kurduera" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="زمانی فەڕەنسی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="erdialdeko kurduera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_francese" title="Lingua francese – korsikera" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Lingua francese" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="korsikera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cr mw-list-item"><a href="https://cr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Archives/%E1%90%B1%E1%94%A5%E1%91%8E%E1%91%AF%E1%94%AE%E1%90%A4_%E1%90%8A%E1%94%A8%E1%92%A7%E1%90%8E%E1%93%90" title="Wikipedia:Archives/ᐱᔥᑎᑯᔮᐤ ᐊᔨᒧᐎᓐ – Cree" lang="cr" hreflang="cr" data-title="Wikipedia:Archives/ᐱᔥᑎᑯᔮᐤ ᐊᔨᒧᐎᓐ" data-language-autonym="Nēhiyawēwin / ᓀᐦᐃᔭᐍᐏᐣ" data-language-local-name="Cree" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nēhiyawēwin / ᓀᐦᐃᔭᐍᐏᐣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frenk_tili" title="Frenk tili – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Frenk tili" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francouz%C5%A1tina" title="Francouzština – txekiera" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Francouzština" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="txekiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franc%C3%ABsczi_j%C3%A3z%C3%ABk" title="Francësczi jãzëk – Kashubian" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Francësczi jãzëk" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="Kashubian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cu mw-list-item"><a href="https://cu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%97%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%8A_%D1%A9%EA%99%81%EA%99%91%D0%BA%D1%8A" title="Франкїискъ ѩꙁꙑкъ – elizako eslaviera" lang="cu" hreflang="cu" data-title="Франкїискъ ѩꙁꙑкъ" data-language-autonym="Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ" data-language-local-name="elizako eslaviera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81_%D1%87%C4%95%D0%BB%D1%85%D0%B8" title="Франс чĕлхи – txuvaxera" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Франс чĕлхи" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="txuvaxera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ffrangeg" title="Ffrangeg – galesa" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Ffrangeg" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="galesa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fransk_(sprog)" title="Fransk (sprog) – daniera" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Fransk (sprog)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="daniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franz%C3%B6sische_Sprache" title="Französische Sprache – alemana" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Französische Sprache" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="alemana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frans%C4%B1zki" title="Fransızki – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Fransızki" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francojska_r%C4%9Bc" title="Francojska rěc – behe-sorabiera" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Francojska rěc" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="behe-sorabiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dtp mw-list-item"><a href="https://dtp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boros_Perancis" title="Boros Perancis – Central Dusun" lang="dtp" hreflang="dtp" data-title="Boros Perancis" data-language-autonym="Kadazandusun" data-language-local-name="Central Dusun" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kadazandusun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%8A%DE%A6%DE%83%DE%A6%DE%82%DE%B0%DE%90%DE%AD%DE%90%DE%A8" title="ފަރަންސޭސި – dhivehia" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ފަރަންސޭސި" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="dhivehia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ee mw-list-item"><a href="https://ee.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fransegbe" title="Fransegbe – eweera" lang="ee" hreflang="ee" data-title="Fransegbe" data-language-autonym="Eʋegbe" data-language-local-name="eweera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eʋegbe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%93%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CE%B3%CE%BB%CF%8E%CF%83%CF%83%CE%B1" title="Γαλλική γλώσσα – greziera" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Γαλλική γλώσσα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="greziera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franc%C3%A9s" title="Francés – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Francés" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_language" title="French language – ingelesa" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="French language" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="ingelesa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franca_lingvo" title="Franca lingvo – esperantoa" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Franca lingvo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperantoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_franc%C3%A9s" title="Idioma francés – gaztelania" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Idioma francés" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="gaztelania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prantsuse_keel" title="Prantsuse keel – estoniera" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Prantsuse keel" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estoniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lengua_francesa" title="Lengua francesa – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Lengua francesa" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%88%DB%8C" title="زبان فرانسوی – persiera" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="زبان فرانسوی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ff mw-list-item"><a href="https://ff.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faransinkoore" title="Faransinkoore – fula" lang="ff" hreflang="ff" data-title="Faransinkoore" data-language-autonym="Fulfulde" data-language-local-name="fula" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fulfulde</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ranskan_kieli" title="Ranskan kieli – finlandiera" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Ranskan kieli" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prantsus%C3%B5_kiil" title="Prantsusõ kiil – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Prantsusõ kiil" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franskt_m%C3%A1l" title="Franskt mál – faroera" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Franskt mál" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="faroera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fon mw-list-item"><a href="https://fon.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flansegbe" title="Flansegbe – fonera" lang="fon" hreflang="fon" data-title="Flansegbe" data-language-autonym="Fɔ̀ngbè" data-language-local-name="fonera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fɔ̀ngbè</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ais" title="Français – frantsesa" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Français" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="frantsesa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franc%C3%AAs" title="Francês – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Francês" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frans%C3%B6%C3%B6sk_spriak" title="Fransöösk spriak – iparraldeko frisiera" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Fransöösk spriak" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="iparraldeko frisiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenghe_francese" title="Lenghe francese – friulera" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Lenghe francese" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="friulera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fr%C3%A2nsk" title="Frânsk – mendebaldeko frisiera" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Frânsk" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="mendebaldeko frisiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Fhraincis" title="An Fhraincis – irlandera" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="An Fhraincis" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gag mw-list-item"><a href="https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C8%9Buz_dili" title="Franțuz dili – gagauzera" lang="gag" hreflang="gag" data-title="Franțuz dili" data-language-autonym="Gagauz" data-language-local-name="gagauzera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagauz</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E8%AA%9E" title="法語 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="法語" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frans%C3%A9" title="Fransé – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Fransé" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fraingis" title="Fraingis – Eskoziako gaelikoa" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Fraingis" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Eskoziako gaelikoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_francesa" title="Lingua francesa – galiziera" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Lingua francesa" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galiziera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-glk mw-list-item"><a href="https://glk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%8A_%D8%B2%D9%88%D8%A4%D9%86" title="فرانسوي زوؤن – Gilaki" lang="glk" hreflang="glk" data-title="فرانسوي زوؤن" data-language-autonym="گیلکی" data-language-local-name="Gilaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>گیلکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hy%C3%A3sia%C3%B1e%27%E1%BA%BD" title="Hyãsiañe'ẽ – guaraniera" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Hyãsiañe'ẽ" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="guaraniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-got mw-list-item"><a href="https://got.wikipedia.org/wiki/%F0%90%8D%86%F0%90%8D%82%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%B2%F0%90%8C%BA%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8D%82%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%B6%F0%90%8C%B3%F0%90%8C%B0" title="𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌲𐌺𐌰𐍂𐌰𐌶𐌳𐌰 – Gothic" lang="got" hreflang="got" data-title="𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌲𐌺𐌰𐍂𐌰𐌶𐌳𐌰" data-language-autonym="𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺" data-language-local-name="Gothic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-guc mw-list-item"><a href="https://guc.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%BCranseenaiki" title="Püranseenaiki – Wayuu" lang="guc" hreflang="guc" data-title="Püranseenaiki" data-language-autonym="Wayuunaiki" data-language-local-name="Wayuu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wayuunaiki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frangish" title="Frangish – manxera" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Frangish" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="manxera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faransanci" title="Faransanci – hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Faransanci" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fap-ng%C3%AE" title="Fap-ngî – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Fap-ngî" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CA%BB%C5%8Clelo_Palani" title="ʻŌlelo Palani – hawaiiera" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="ʻŌlelo Palani" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="hawaiiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hawaiʻi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A6%D7%A8%D7%A4%D7%AA%D7%99%D7%AA" title="צרפתית – hebreera" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="צרפתית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebreera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%BC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="फ़्रान्सीसी भाषा – hindia" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="फ़्रान्सीसी भाषा" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_bhasa" title="French bhasa – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="French bhasa" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francuski_jezik" title="Francuski jezik – kroaziera" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Francuski jezik" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="kroaziera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franco%C5%A1%C4%87ina" title="Francošćina – goi-sorabiera" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Francošćina" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="goi-sorabiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lang_franse" title="Lang franse – Haitiko kreolera" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Lang franse" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitiko kreolera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francia_nyelv" title="Francia nyelv – hungariera" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Francia nyelv" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="hungariera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%96%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%BD%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%A5%D5%B6" title="Ֆրանսերեն – armeniera" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ֆրանսերեն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%96%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%BD%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%A7%D5%B6" title="Ֆրանսերէն – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Ֆրանսերէն" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_francese" title="Lingua francese – interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Lingua francese" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iba mw-list-item"><a href="https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaku_Peranchis" title="Jaku Peranchis – ibanera" lang="iba" hreflang="iba" data-title="Jaku Peranchis" data-language-autonym="Jaku Iban" data-language-local-name="ibanera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jaku Iban</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Prancis" title="Bahasa Prancis – indonesiera" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Bahasa Prancis" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francesi" title="Francesi – interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Francesi" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/As%E1%BB%A5s%E1%BB%A5_French" title="Asụsụ French – igboera" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Asụsụ French" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="igboera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pagsasao_a_Pranses" title="Pagsasao a Pranses – ilocanoera" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Pagsasao a Pranses" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="ilocanoera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D1%8C%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%82" title="Фаьренгий мотт – ingushera" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Фаьренгий мотт" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="ingushera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franca_linguo" title="Franca linguo – idoa" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Franca linguo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="idoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franska" title="Franska – islandiera" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Franska" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_francese" title="Lingua francese – italiera" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Lingua francese" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iu mw-list-item"><a href="https://iu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%90%85%E1%90%83%E1%92%8D%E1%90%83%E1%95%90%E1%92%A5%E1%90%85%E1%96%85" title="ᐅᐃᒍᐃᕐᒥᐅᖅ – inuitera" lang="iu" hreflang="iu" data-title="ᐅᐃᒍᐃᕐᒥᐅᖅ" data-language-autonym="ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut" data-language-local-name="inuitera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%95%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B9%E8%AA%9E" title="フランス語 – japoniera" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="フランス語" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japoniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/French" title="French – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="French" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/fasybau" title="fasybau – lojbana" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="fasybau" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="lojbana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basa_Prancis" title="Basa Prancis – javera" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Basa Prancis" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A4%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%92%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98_%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90" title="ფრანგული ენა – georgiera" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ფრანგული ენა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francuz_tili" title="Francuz tili – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Francuz tili" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tafrensist" title="Tafrensist – kabiliera" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Tafrensist" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="kabiliera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbd mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B6%D1%8B%D0%B1%D0%B7%D1%8D" title="Фрэнджыбзэ – kabardiera" lang="kbd" hreflang="kbd" data-title="Фрэнджыбзэ" data-language-autonym="Адыгэбзэ" data-language-local-name="kabardiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгэбзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frans%C9%A9%C9%A9_k%CA%8An%CA%8A%C5%8B" title="Fransɩɩ kʊnʊŋ – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Fransɩɩ kʊnʊŋ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fi%CC%B1ransa_(a%CC%B1lyem)" title="Fi̱ransa (a̱lyem) – tyapa" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="Fi̱ransa (a̱lyem)" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="tyapa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tyap</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kifalanse" title="Kifalanse – kikongoa" lang="kg" hreflang="kg" data-title="Kifalanse" data-language-autonym="Kongo" data-language-local-name="kikongoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Prancis" title="Bahasa Prancis – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Bahasa Prancis" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%83%D0%B7_%D1%82%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%96" title="Француз тілі – kazakhera" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Француз тілі" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazakhera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%97%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9F%86%E1%9E%84" title="ភាសាបារាំង – khemerera" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ភាសាបារាំង" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="khemerera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AB%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%86%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%9A%E0%B3%8D_%E0%B2%AD%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B7%E0%B3%86" title="ಫ್ರೆಂಚ್ ಭಾಷೆ – kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಫ್ರೆಂಚ್ ಭಾಷೆ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%94%84%EB%9E%91%EC%8A%A4%EC%96%B4" title="프랑스어 – koreera" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="프랑스어" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-koi mw-list-item"><a href="https://koi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B7_%D0%BA%D1%8B%D0%B2" title="Франсуз кыв – komi-permyakera" lang="koi" hreflang="koi" data-title="Франсуз кыв" data-language-autonym="Перем коми" data-language-local-name="komi-permyakera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Перем коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%83%D0%B7_%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB" title="Француз тил – karachayera-balkarera" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Француз тил" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="karachayera-balkarera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%96%D8%B3%DB%8C_%D8%B2%D9%8E%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86" title="فرانسیٖسی زَبان – kaxmirera" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="فرانسیٖسی زَبان" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="kaxmirera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ziman%C3%AA_frans%C3%AE" title="Zimanê fransî – kurduera" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Zimanê fransî" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurduera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B7_%D0%BA%D1%8B%D0%B2" title="Франсуз кыв – komiera" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Франсуз кыв" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="komiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frenkek" title="Frenkek – kornubiera" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Frenkek" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="kornubiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%83%D0%B7_%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Француз тили – kirgizera" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Француз тили" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgizera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_Francogallica" title="Lingua Francogallica – latina" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Lingua Francogallica" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_franseza" title="Lingua franseza – ladinoa" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Lingua franseza" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="ladinoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frans%C3%A9isch" title="Franséisch – luxenburgera" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Franséisch" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luxenburgera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%83%D0%B7_%D1%87%D3%80%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Француз чӀал – lezginera" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Француз чӀал" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="lezginera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikulu nabarmenduak"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franses_(lingua)" title="Franses (lingua) – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Franses (lingua)" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frans" title="Frans – limburgera" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Frans" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburgera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lengua_fran%C3%A7%C3%A9ise" title="Lengua françéise – liguriera" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Lengua françéise" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="liguriera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingaz_franz%C3%ABus" title="Lingaz franzëus – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Lingaz franzëus" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lengua_francesa" title="Lengua francesa – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Lengua francesa" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Falans%C3%A9" title="Falansé – lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Falansé" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%9E%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%9D%E0%BA%A3%E0%BA%B1%E0%BB%88%E0%BA%87" title="ພາສາຝຣັ່ງ – laosera" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ພາສາຝຣັ່ງ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="laosera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pranc%C5%ABz%C5%B3_kalba" title="Prancūzų kalba – lituaniera" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Prancūzų kalba" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituaniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ltg mw-list-item"><a href="https://ltg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pra%C5%86c%C4%AB%C5%A1u_vol%C5%ABda" title="Praņcīšu volūda – Latgalian" lang="ltg" hreflang="ltg" data-title="Praņcīšu volūda" data-language-autonym="Latgaļu" data-language-local-name="Latgalian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latgaļu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C4%8Du_valoda" title="Franču valoda – letoniera" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Franču valoda" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letoniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="फ्रान्सेली भाषा – maithilia" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="फ्रान्सेली भाषा" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="maithilia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D0%BA%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Кранциянь кяль – mokxera" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Кранциянь кяль" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="mokxera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiteny_frantsay" title="Fiteny frantsay – malgaxea" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Fiteny frantsay" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malgaxea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%83%D0%B7_%D0%B9%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%BC%D0%B5" title="Француз йылме – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Француз йылме" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reo_W%C4%ABw%C4%AB" title="Reo Wīwī – maoriera" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Reo Wīwī" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="maoriera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Француски јазик – mazedoniera" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Француски јазик" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="mazedoniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AB%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%9E%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9A%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%AD%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B7" title="ഫ്രഞ്ച് ഭാഷ – malabarera" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഫ്രഞ്ച് ഭാഷ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malabarera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86_%D1%85%D1%8D%D0%BB" title="Франц хэл – mongoliera" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Франц хэл" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongoliera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%90%EA%AF%AD%EA%AF%94%EA%AF%A6%EA%AF%9F%EA%AF%AD%EA%AF%86_%EA%AF%82%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%9F" title="ꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯟ꯭ꯆ ꯂꯣꯟ – manipurera" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯟ꯭ꯆ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="manipurera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%9A_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="फ्रेंच भाषा – marathera" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="फ्रेंच भाषा" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Perancis" title="Bahasa Perancis – malaysiera" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Bahasa Perancis" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malaysiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingwa_Fran%C4%8Bi%C5%BCa" title="Lingwa Franċiża – maltera" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Lingwa Franċiża" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="maltera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%95%E1%80%BC%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9E%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA%E1%80%98%E1%80%AC%E1%80%9E%E1%80%AC%E1%80%85%E1%80%80%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8" title="ပြင်သစ်ဘာသာစကား – birmaniera" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ပြင်သစ်ဘာသာစကား" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birmaniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Французонь кель – erziera" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Французонь кель" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="erziera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%88%DB%8C" title="فرانسوی – mazandarandera" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="فرانسوی" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="mazandarandera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lengua_franzese" title="Lengua franzese – napoliera" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Lengua franzese" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="napoliera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franz%C3%B6%C3%B6sche_Spraak" title="Franzöösche Spraak – behe-alemana" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Franzöösche Spraak" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="behe-alemana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fransk" title="Fransk – behe-saxoiera" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Fransk" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="behe-saxoiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="फ्रान्सेली भाषा – nepalera" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="फ्रान्सेली भाषा" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepalera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9E%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9A_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="फ्रेञ्च भाषा – newarera" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="फ्रेञ्च भाषा" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="newarera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frans" title="Frans – nederlandera" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Frans" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nederlandera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fransk" title="Fransk – nynorsk (norvegiera)" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Fransk" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="nynorsk (norvegiera)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fransk" title="Fransk – bokmål (norvegiera)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Fransk" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="bokmål (norvegiera)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fransum" title="Fransum – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Fransum" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fraunceis" title="Fraunceis – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Fraunceis" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sefora" title="Sefora – pediera" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="Sefora" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="pediera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho sa Leboa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A1%C3%A1ghahii_bizaad" title="Dáághahii bizaad – navajoera" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Dáághahii bizaad" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="navajoera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Diné bizaad</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franc%C3%A9s" title="Francés – okzitaniera" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Francés" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="okzitaniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frantsien_kieli" title="Frantsien kieli – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Frantsien kieli" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B0%D0%B3_%C3%A6%D0%B2%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B3" title="Францаг æвзаг – osetiera" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Францаг æвзаг" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="osetiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%82%E0%A8%B8%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%B8%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%AD%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE" title="ਫ਼ਰਾਂਸੀਸੀ ਭਾਸ਼ਾ – punjabera" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਫ਼ਰਾਂਸੀਸੀ ਭਾਸ਼ਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="punjabera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pag mw-list-item"><a href="https://pag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salitan_Fran%C3%A7ais" title="Salitan Français – pangasinanera" lang="pag" hreflang="pag" data-title="Salitan Français" data-language-autonym="Pangasinan" data-language-local-name="pangasinanera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pangasinan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amanung_Pranses" title="Amanung Pranses – pampangera" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Amanung Pranses" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="pampangera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frances" title="Frances – papiamentoa" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Frances" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="papiamentoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frins%C3%A9" title="Frinsé – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Frinsé" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pfl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pfl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franz%C3%B6sische_Sprache" title="Französische Sprache – Palatine German" lang="pfl" hreflang="pfl" data-title="Französische Sprache" data-language-autonym="Pälzisch" data-language-local-name="Palatine German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pälzisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pih mw-list-item"><a href="https://pih.wikipedia.org/wiki/French" title="French – Norfuk / Pitkern" lang="pih" hreflang="pih" data-title="French" data-language-autonym="Norfuk / Pitkern" data-language-local-name="Norfuk / Pitkern" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norfuk / Pitkern</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C4%99zyk_francuski" title="Język francuski – poloniera" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Język francuski" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poloniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenga_frans%C3%A8isa" title="Lenga fransèisa – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Lenga fransèisa" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B3%DB%8C_%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8C" title="فرانسیسی بولی – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="فرانسیسی بولی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%8A_%DA%98%D8%A8%D9%87" title="فرانسوي ژبه – paxtunera" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="فرانسوي ژبه" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="paxtunera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%ADngua_francesa" title="Língua francesa – portugesa" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Língua francesa" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugesa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ransis_simi" title="Ransis simi – kitxua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Ransis simi" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="kitxua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_franzosa" title="Lingua franzosa – erretorromaniera" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Lingua franzosa" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="erretorromaniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Rumantsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikulu nabarmenduak"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limba_francez%C4%83" title="Limba franceză – errumaniera" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Limba franceză" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="errumaniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-tara mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-tara.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A8nga_frangese" title="Lènga frangese – Tarantino" lang="nap-x-tara" hreflang="nap-x-tara" data-title="Lènga frangese" data-language-autonym="Tarandíne" data-language-local-name="Tarantino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tarandíne</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%83%D0%B7%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA" title="Французский язык – errusiera" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Французский язык" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="errusiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%83%D0%B7%D1%8C%D0%BA%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA" title="Французькый язык – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Французькый язык" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Igifaransa" title="Igifaransa – kinyaruanda" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Igifaransa" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="kinyaruanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikinyarwanda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9E%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="फ्रेञ्चभाषा – sanskritoa" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="फ्रेञ्चभाषा" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="sanskritoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%83%D0%B7_%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Француз тыла – sakhera" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Француз тыла" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="sakhera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%B7%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%AE%E1%B1%B8%E1%B1%AA_%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B9%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%A4" title="ᱯᱷᱨᱮᱸᱪ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ – santalera" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱯᱷᱨᱮᱸᱪ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="santalera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limba_frantzesa" title="Limba frantzesa – sardiniera" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Limba frantzesa" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="sardiniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_francisa" title="Lingua francisa – siziliera" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Lingua francisa" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="siziliera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_leid" title="French leid – eskoziera" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="French leid" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="eskoziera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%B3%D9%8A_%D9%BB%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A" title="فرانسيسي ٻولي – sindhia" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="فرانسيسي ٻولي" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindhia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fr%C3%A1nskkagiella" title="Fránskkagiella – iparraldeko samiera" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Fránskkagiella" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="iparraldeko samiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francuski_jezik" title="Francuski jezik – serbokroaziera" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Francuski jezik" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbokroaziera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tutlayt_Tafransist" title="Tutlayt Tafransist – tachelhita" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Tutlayt Tafransist" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="tachelhita" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taclḥit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB%E0%B6%82%E0%B7%81_%E0%B6%B7%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%82%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" title="ප්රංශ භාෂාව – sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ප්රංශ භාෂාව" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_language" title="French language – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="French language" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franc%C3%BAz%C5%A1tina" title="Francúzština – eslovakiera" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Francúzština" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="eslovakiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franco%C5%A1%C4%8Dina" title="Francoščina – esloveniera" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Francoščina" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="esloveniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sm mw-list-item"><a href="https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fa%CA%BBa_Farani" title="Faʻa Farani – samoera" lang="sm" hreflang="sm" data-title="Faʻa Farani" data-language-autonym="Gagana Samoa" data-language-local-name="samoera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagana Samoa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ranskakiel%C3%A2" title="Ranskakielâ – Inariko samiera" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Ranskakielâ" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="Inariko samiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chifurenji" title="Chifurenji – shonera" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Chifurenji" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="shonera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Af-Faransiis" title="Af-Faransiis – somaliera" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Af-Faransiis" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="somaliera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gjuha_fr%C3%ABnge" title="Gjuha frënge – albaniera" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Gjuha frënge" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albaniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%98%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Француски језик – serbiera" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Француски језик" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ss mw-list-item"><a href="https://ss.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%ADFulentji" title="SíFulentji – swatiera" lang="ss" hreflang="ss" data-title="SíFulentji" data-language-autonym="SiSwati" data-language-local-name="swatiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>SiSwati</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-st mw-list-item"><a href="https://st.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sefora" title="Sefora – hegoaldeko sothoera" lang="st" hreflang="st" data-title="Sefora" data-language-autonym="Sesotho" data-language-local-name="hegoaldeko sothoera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frants%C3%B6%C3%B6ske_Sproake" title="Frantsööske Sproake – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Frantsööske Sproake" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basa_Prancis" title="Basa Prancis – sundanera" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Basa Prancis" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sundanera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franska" title="Franska – suediera" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Franska" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suediera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kifaransa" title="Kifaransa – swahilia" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Kifaransa" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahilia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francusk%C5%8F_g%C5%8Fdka" title="Francuskŏ gŏdka – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Francuskŏ gŏdka" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%B4%E0%AE%BF" title="பிரான்சிய மொழி – tamilera" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பிரான்சிய மொழி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamilera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tcy mw-list-item"><a href="https://tcy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AB%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%86%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%9A%E0%B3%8D_%E0%B2%AC%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%86" title="ಫ್ರೆಂಚ್ ಬಾಸೆ – Tulu" lang="tcy" hreflang="tcy" data-title="ಫ್ರೆಂಚ್ ಬಾಸೆ" data-language-autonym="ತುಳು" data-language-local-name="Tulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ತುಳು</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AB%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%9A%E0%B0%BF_%E0%B0%AD%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B7" title="ఫ్రెంచి భాష – telugua" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="ఫ్రెంచి భాష" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tet mw-list-item"><a href="https://tet.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lia-frans%C3%A9s" title="Lia-fransés – tetuma" lang="tet" hreflang="tet" data-title="Lia-fransés" data-language-autonym="Tetun" data-language-local-name="tetuma" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tetun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D1%84%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B2%D3%A3" title="Забони фаронсавӣ – tajikera" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Забони фаронсавӣ" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tajikera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9D%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%AA" title="ภาษาฝรั่งเศส – thailandiera" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ภาษาฝรั่งเศส" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thailandiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fransuz_dili" title="Fransuz dili – turkmenera" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Fransuz dili" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="turkmenera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikang_Pranses" title="Wikang Pranses – tagaloa" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Wikang Pranses" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagaloa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fyr%C9%99ngi_zyvon" title="Fyrəngi zyvon – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Fyrəngi zyvon" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tn mw-list-item"><a href="https://tn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sefora" title="Sefora – tswanera" lang="tn" hreflang="tn" data-title="Sefora" data-language-autonym="Setswana" data-language-local-name="tswanera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Setswana</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-to mw-list-item"><a href="https://to.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lea_fakafalanis%C4%93" title="Lea fakafalanisē – tongera" lang="to" hreflang="to" data-title="Lea fakafalanisē" data-language-autonym="Lea faka-Tonga" data-language-local-name="tongera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lea faka-Tonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a href="https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tok_Frens" title="Tok Frens – tok pisin" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi" data-title="Tok Frens" data-language-autonym="Tok Pisin" data-language-local-name="tok pisin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tok Pisin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frans%C4%B1zca" title="Fransızca – turkiera" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Fransızca" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turkiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-trv mw-list-item"><a href="https://trv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kari_Hwako" title="Kari Hwako – tarokoera" lang="trv" hreflang="trv" data-title="Kari Hwako" data-language-autonym="Seediq" data-language-local-name="tarokoera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seediq</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%83%D0%B7_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5" title="Француз теле – tatarera" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Француз теле" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatarera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ty mw-list-item"><a href="https://ty.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reo_far%C4%81ni" title="Reo farāni – tahitiera" lang="ty" hreflang="ty" data-title="Reo farāni" data-language-autonym="Reo tahiti" data-language-local-name="tahitiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Reo tahiti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tyv mw-list-item"><a href="https://tyv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%83%D0%B7_%D0%B4%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="Француз дыл – tuvera" lang="tyv" hreflang="tyv" data-title="Француз дыл" data-language-autonym="Тыва дыл" data-language-local-name="tuvera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тыва дыл</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%83%D0%B7_%D0%BA%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="Француз кыл – udmurtera" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Француз кыл" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="udmurtera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%DB%87%D8%B2_%D8%AA%D9%89%D9%84%D9%89" title="ڧرانسۇز تىلى – uigurrera" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="ڧرانسۇز تىلى" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="uigurrera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%83%D0%B7%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Французька мова – ukrainera" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Французька мова" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B3%DB%8C_%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86" title="فرانسیسی زبان – urdua" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="فرانسیسی زبان" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fransuz_tili" title="Fransuz tili – uzbekera" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Fransuz tili" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbekera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%81%C3%A9ngua_franseze" title="Łéngua franseze – veneziera" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Łéngua franseze" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="veneziera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francijan_kel%27" title="Francijan kel' – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Francijan kel'" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ti%E1%BA%BFng_Ph%C3%A1p" title="Tiếng Pháp – vietnamera" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Tiếng Pháp" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frans" title="Frans – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Frans" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frans%C3%A4nap%C3%BCk" title="Fransänapük – volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Fransänapük" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franc%C3%A8s_(lingaedje)" title="Francès (lingaedje) – valoniera" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Francès (lingaedje)" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="valoniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frinanses" title="Frinanses – warayera" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Frinanses" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="warayera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wu-faraas" title="Wu-faraas – wolofera" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Wu-faraas" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="wolofera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E6%96%87" title="法文 – wu txinera" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="法文" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu txinera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xal mw-list-item"><a href="https://xal.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BD" title="Пранцсин келн – kalmykera" lang="xal" hreflang="xal" data-title="Пранцсин келн" data-language-autonym="Хальмг" data-language-local-name="kalmykera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Хальмг</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ulwimi_lwasiFrentshi" title="Ulwimi lwasiFrentshi – xhosera" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="Ulwimi lwasiFrentshi" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="xhosera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiXhosa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A4%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%92%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98_%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90" title="ფრანგული ნინა – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ფრანგული ნინა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%A6%D7%95%D7%99%D7%96%D7%99%D7%A9" title="פראנצויזיש – yiddisha" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="פראנצויזיש" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="yiddisha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%88d%C3%A8_Farans%C3%A9" title="Èdè Faransé – jorubera" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Èdè Faransé" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="jorubera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vah_Fazgoz" title="Vah Fazgoz – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Vah Fazgoz" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frans" title="Frans – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Frans" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B5%9C%E2%B5%93%E2%B5%9C%E2%B5%8D%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%A2%E2%B5%9C_%E2%B5%9C%E2%B4%B0%E2%B4%BC%E2%B5%95%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%8F%E2%B5%9A%E2%B5%89%E2%B5%9A%E2%B5%9C" title="ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⴼⵕⴰⵏⵚⵉⵚⵜ – amazigera estandarra" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⴼⵕⴰⵏⵚⵉⵚⵜ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="amazigera estandarra" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E8%AF%AD" title="法语 – txinera" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="法语" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="txinera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E8%AA%9E" title="法語 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="法語" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hoat-g%C3%AD" title="Hoat-gí – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Hoat-gí" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E6%96%87" title="法文 – kantonera" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="法文" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantonera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/IsiFulentshi" title="IsiFulentshi – zuluera" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="IsiFulentshi" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="zuluera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q150#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Aldatu hizkuntzen arteko loturak" class="wbc-editpage">Aldatu loturak</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Izen-tarteak"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Frantses" title="Eduki orrialdea ikusi [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artikulua</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Eztabaida:Frantses" rel="discussion" title="Artikuluari buruzko eztabaida [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Eztabaida</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Aldatu hizkuntza aldaera" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">euskara</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Ikusketak"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Frantses"><span>Irakurri</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frantses&veaction=edit" title="Orri hau aldatu [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Aldatu</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frantses&action=edit" title="Idatzi orri honen iturburu kodea [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frantses&action=history" title="Artikulu honen aurreko bertsioak. [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Ikusi historia</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tresnak" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tresnak</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tresnak</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">mugitu alboko barrara</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">ezkutatu</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Ekintzak </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Frantses"><span>Irakurri</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frantses&veaction=edit" title="Orri hau aldatu [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Aldatu</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frantses&action=edit" title="Idatzi orri honen iturburu kodea [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frantses&action=history"><span>Ikusi historia</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Orokorra </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Berezi:ZerkLotzenDuHona/Frantses" title="Orri honetaranzko esteka duten wiki orri guztien zerrenda [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Honanzko esteka duten orriak</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Berezi:RecentChangesLinked/Frantses" rel="nofollow" title="Orri honetatik esteka duten orrietako azken aldaketak [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Lotutako orrietako aldaketak</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=eu" title="Irudiak edo media fitxategiak igo [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Fitxategia igo</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Berezi:OrrialdeBereziak" title="Orri berezi guztien zerrenda [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Orri bereziak</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frantses&oldid=9815192" title="Orriaren bertsio honetaranzko esteka iraunkorra"><span>Lotura iraunkorra</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frantses&action=info" title="Orrialde honi buruzko informazio gehiago"><span>Orri honen datuak</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berezi:CiteThisPage&page=Frantses&id=9815192&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Orri honen aipua egiteko moduari buruzko informazioa"><span>Artikulu hau aipatu</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berezi:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Feu.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FFrantses"><span>URL laburra lortu</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berezi:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Feu.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FFrantses"><span>QR kodea jaitsi</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Inprimatu/esportatu </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berezi:Book&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Frantses"><span>Liburu bat sortu</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berezi:DownloadAsPdf&page=Frantses&action=show-download-screen"><span>Deskargatu PDF formatuan</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frantses&printable=yes" title="Orrialde honen bertsio inprimagarria [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Inprimatzeko bertsioa</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Beste proiektuetan </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:French_language" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikifunctions mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikifunctions.org/wiki/Z1004" hreflang="en"><span>Wikifunctions</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q150" title="Datuen biltegi elementu batera lotuta [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata itema</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Itxura"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Itxura</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">mugitu alboko barrara</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">ezkutatu</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-1-Wikipedia10000" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikipedia_guztiek_izan_beharreko_artikuluen_zerrenda/3._maila" title="Artikulu hau Wikipedia guztiek izan beharreko artikuluen zerrendaren parte da"><img alt="Artikulu hau Wikipedia guztiek izan beharreko artikuluen zerrendaren parte da" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Wikipedia-1000.png/20px-Wikipedia-1000.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Wikipedia-1000.png/30px-Wikipedia-1000.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Wikipedia-1000.png/40px-Wikipedia-1000.png 2x" data-file-width="1122" data-file-height="1024" /></a></span></div></div> <div id="mw-indicator-2-HezkuntzaPrograma" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Atari:Hezkuntza" title="Artikulu hau "Kalitatezko 2.000 artikulu 12-16 urteko ikasleentzat" proiektuaren parte da"><img alt="Artikulu hau "Kalitatezko 2.000 artikulu 12-16 urteko ikasleentzat" proiektuaren parte da" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Hezkuntza_Programa_12-16_ikonoa.png/19px-Hezkuntza_Programa_12-16_ikonoa.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Hezkuntza_Programa_12-16_ikonoa.png/28px-Hezkuntza_Programa_12-16_ikonoa.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Hezkuntza_Programa_12-16_ikonoa.png/38px-Hezkuntza_Programa_12-16_ikonoa.png 2x" data-file-width="747" data-file-height="794" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Wikipedia, Entziklopedia askea</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(«<a href="/w/index.php?title=Frantsesa&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Frantsesa">Frantsesa</a>» orritik birbideratua)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="eu" dir="ltr"><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="rellink noprint"> <dl><dd><i>Artikulu hau hizkuntzari buruzkoa da; herritartasuna gaitzat duena beste hau da: «<a href="/wiki/Frantziar" title="Frantziar">Frantziar</a>»</i></dd></dl></div> <table class="infobox" style="width:22em"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;font-size:125%;font-weight:bold;background-color: #c9ffd9;">Frantsesa</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data infobox-data" style="text-align:center;border-top: 2px solid #ddd; border-bottom: 2px solid #ddd; background-color: #eee;">français — langue française</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data infobox-data" style="text-align:center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:LaFrancophonie2021.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/LaFrancophonie2021.png/285px-LaFrancophonie2021.png" decoding="async" width="285" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/LaFrancophonie2021.png/428px-LaFrancophonie2021.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/LaFrancophonie2021.png/570px-LaFrancophonie2021.png 2x" data-file-width="2664" data-file-height="1468" /></a></span><div>Frankofoniaren Mundua<br />Urdin iluna: ama hizkuntza; urdina: hizkuntza ofiziala; urdin argia: kulturaren hizkuntza.</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data infobox-data" style="text-align:center"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="285" style="width:285px;" data-durationhint="77" data-mwtitle="2016-10-24_De_nouvelles_images_de_l'atmosphère_de_Mars.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/15/2016-10-24_De_nouvelles_images_de_l%27atmosph%C3%A8re_de_Mars.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/15/2016-10-24_De_nouvelles_images_de_l%27atmosph%C3%A8re_de_Mars.ogg/2016-10-24_De_nouvelles_images_de_l%27atmosph%C3%A8re_de_Mars.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></span></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:center;background-color: #c9ffd9;">Datu orokorrak</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Lurralde eremua</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Belgika" title="Belgika">Belgika</a>, <a href="/wiki/Burkina_Faso" title="Burkina Faso">Burkina Faso</a>, <a href="/wiki/Burundi" title="Burundi">Burundi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kamerun" title="Kamerun">Kamerun</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kanada" title="Kanada">Kanada</a>, <a href="/wiki/Afrika_Erdiko_Errepublika" title="Afrika Erdiko Errepublika">Afrika Erdiko Errepublika</a>, <a href="/wiki/Komoreak" title="Komoreak">Komoreak</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kongoko_Errepublika" title="Kongoko Errepublika">Kongoko Errepublika</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kongoko_Errepublika_Demokratikoa" title="Kongoko Errepublika Demokratikoa">Kongoko Errepublika Demokratikoa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Boli_Kosta" title="Boli Kosta">Boli Kosta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Djibuti" title="Djibuti">Djibuti</a>, <a href="/wiki/Frantzia" title="Frantzia">Frantzia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guyana_Frantsesa" title="Guyana Frantsesa">Frantziar Guiana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Polinesia_Frantsesa" title="Polinesia Frantsesa">Frantziar Polinesia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gabon" title="Gabon">Gabon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guadalupe_(departamendua)" class="mw-redirect" title="Guadalupe (departamendua)">Guadalupe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Haiti" title="Haiti">Haiti</a>, <a href="/wiki/Luxenburgo" title="Luxenburgo">Luxenburgo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Madagaskar" title="Madagaskar">Madagaskar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mali" title="Mali">Mali</a>, <a href="/wiki/Martinika" title="Martinika">Martinika</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maurizio" title="Maurizio">Maurizio</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mayotte" title="Mayotte">Mayotte</a>, <a href="/wiki/Monako" title="Monako">Monako</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kaledonia_Berria" title="Kaledonia Berria">Kaledonia Berria</a>, <a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9union" title="Réunion">Reunion</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ruanda" title="Ruanda">Ruanda</a>, <a href="/wiki/Senegal" title="Senegal">Senegal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Seychelleak" title="Seychelleak">Seychelleak</a>, <a href="/wiki/Suitza" title="Suitza">Suitza</a>, <a href="/wiki/Togo" title="Togo">Togo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vanuatu" title="Vanuatu">Vanuatu</a>. <small>Talde esanguratsuak non <a href="/wiki/Aljeria" title="Aljeria">Aljeria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kanbodia" title="Kanbodia">Kanbodia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guernesey" title="Guernesey">Guernsey</a>, <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> (<a href="/wiki/Puducherry" title="Puducherry">Pondicherry</a>), <a href="/wiki/Italia" title="Italia">Italia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jersey" title="Jersey">Jersey</a>, <a href="/wiki/Laos" title="Laos">Laos</a>, <a href="/wiki/Libano" title="Libano">Libano</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mauritania" title="Mauritania">Mauritania</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maroko" title="Maroko">Maroko</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tunisia" title="Tunisia">Tunisia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ameriketako_Estatu_Batuak" title="Ameriketako Estatu Batuak">Ameriketako Estatu Batuak</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a></small></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Hiztunak</th><td class="infobox-data">321 milioi, horietako 93 milioik ama-hizkuntza.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Hizkuntzen_zerrenda_hiztun_kopuruaren_arabera" class="mw-redirect" title="Hizkuntzen zerrenda hiztun kopuruaren arabera">Rankinga</a></th><td class="infobox-data">5 (lehen hizkuntza 15.)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Ofizialtasuna</th><td class="infobox-data">29 estatutan</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Eskualdea</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Afrika" title="Afrika">Afrika</a>, <a href="/wiki/Europa" title="Europa">Europa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Amerika" title="Amerika">Amerika</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ozeano_Barea" title="Ozeano Barea">Ozeano Barea</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a> sailkapena</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/1:_ziurra" class="mw-redirect" title="1: ziurra">1: ziurra</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Araugilea</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Frantses_Akademia" title="Frantses Akademia">Académie française</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:center;background-color: #c9ffd9;">Hizkuntza sailkapena</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data infobox-data" style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Indoeuropar_hizkuntzak" title="Indoeuropar hizkuntzak">Indo-Europarra</a>,<br /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Italiko&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Italiko (sortu gabe)">Italikoa</a>,<br /> <a href="/wiki/Hizkuntza_erromantzeak" title="Hizkuntza erromantzeak">Erromantzea</a>,<br /> <a href="/wiki/O%C3%AFl_hizkuntzak" title="Oïl hizkuntzak">Oïl hizkuntza</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:center;background-color: #c9ffd9;">Informazio filologikoa</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Hizkuntza-tipologia</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Subjektu_aditza_objektu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Subjektu aditza objektu (sortu gabe)">subjektu aditza objektua</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nominatibo-akusatibo_hizkuntza&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nominatibo-akusatibo hizkuntza (sortu gabe)">nominatibo-akusatibo hizkuntza</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Silabadun_hizkuntza&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Silabadun hizkuntza (sortu gabe)">silabadun hizkuntza</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Place%E2%80%93manner%E2%80%93time&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Place–manner–time (sortu gabe)">place–manner–time</a> <sup>(en)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7200373?uselang=eu"><img alt="Itzuli" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161" /></a></span>, <a href="/wiki/Hizkuntza_malgukari" title="Hizkuntza malgukari">hizkuntza fusionatzailea</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Noun-adjective&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Noun-adjective (sortu gabe)">noun-adjective</a> <sup>(en)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q74835210?uselang=eu"><img alt="Itzuli" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161" /></a></span> eta <a href="/wiki/Hizkuntza_sintetiko" title="Hizkuntza sintetiko">hizkuntza sintetikoa</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Denbora gramatikalak</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Orainaldi" class="mw-redirect" title="Orainaldi">orainaldia</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Preterite&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Preterite (sortu gabe)">preterite</a> <sup>(en)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442485?uselang=eu"><img alt="Itzuli" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161" /></a></span>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Past_imperfect&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Past imperfect (sortu gabe)">past imperfect</a> <sup>(en)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12547192?uselang=eu"><img alt="Itzuli" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161" /></a></span>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pass%C3%A9_compos%C3%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Passé composé (sortu gabe)">passé composé</a> <sup>(en)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13360204?uselang=eu"><img alt="Itzuli" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161" /></a></span>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Past_anterior&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Past anterior (sortu gabe)">past anterior</a> <sup>(en)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1101896?uselang=eu"><img alt="Itzuli" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161" /></a></span>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pluperfect&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pluperfect (sortu gabe)">pluperfect</a> <sup>(en)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q623742?uselang=eu"><img alt="Itzuli" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161" /></a></span>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Simple_future_in_French&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Simple future in French (sortu gabe)">simple future in French</a> <sup>(en)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20112616?uselang=eu"><img alt="Itzuli" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161" /></a></span>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Near_future&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Near future (sortu gabe)">near future</a> <sup>(en)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q578167?uselang=eu"><img alt="Itzuli" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161" /></a></span>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Geroaldi_burutu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Geroaldi burutu (sortu gabe)">geroaldi burutua</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Conditional_perfect&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Conditional perfect (sortu gabe)">conditional perfect</a> <sup>(en)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25619773?uselang=eu"><img alt="Itzuli" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161" /></a></span>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Conditional_present&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Conditional present (sortu gabe)">conditional present</a> <sup>(en)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3686414?uselang=eu"><img alt="Itzuli" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161" /></a></span>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Present_subjunctive&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Present subjunctive (sortu gabe)">present subjunctive</a> <sup>(en)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3502553?uselang=eu"><img alt="Itzuli" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161" /></a></span>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Past_subjunctive&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Past subjunctive (sortu gabe)">past subjunctive</a> <sup>(en)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3502544?uselang=eu"><img alt="Itzuli" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161" /></a></span>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Imperfect_subjunctive&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Imperfect subjunctive (sortu gabe)">imperfect subjunctive</a> <sup>(en)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3502541?uselang=eu"><img alt="Itzuli" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161" /></a></span>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Subjunctive_pluperfect&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Subjunctive pluperfect (sortu gabe)">subjunctive pluperfect</a> <sup>(en)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q27955084?uselang=eu"><img alt="Itzuli" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161" /></a></span>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Present_imperative&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Present imperative (sortu gabe)">present imperative</a> <sup>(en)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52434162?uselang=eu"><img alt="Itzuli" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161" /></a></span>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Past_imperative&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Past imperative (sortu gabe)">past imperative</a> <sup>(en)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q56319817?uselang=eu"><img alt="Itzuli" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161" /></a></span>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Present_infinitive&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Present infinitive (sortu gabe)">present infinitive</a> <sup>(en)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52434245?uselang=eu"><img alt="Itzuli" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161" /></a></span>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Past_infinitive&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Past infinitive (sortu gabe)">past infinitive</a> <sup>(en)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52434302?uselang=eu"><img alt="Itzuli" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161" /></a></span>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Present_participle&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Present participle (sortu gabe)">present participle</a> <sup>(en)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10345583?uselang=eu"><img alt="Itzuli" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161" /></a></span> eta <a href="/w/index.php?title=Present_tense&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Present tense (sortu gabe)">present tense</a> <sup>(en)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12717679?uselang=eu"><img alt="Itzuli" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Modu gramatikalak</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Subjuntibo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Subjuntibo (sortu gabe)">subjuntiboa</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Indikatibo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Indikatibo (sortu gabe)">indikatiboa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Agintera" title="Agintera">agintera</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Baldintzazko_modu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Baldintzazko modu (sortu gabe)">baldintzazko modua</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Infinitibo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Infinitibo (sortu gabe)">infinitiboa</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Partizipio" title="Partizipio">partizipioa</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Genero gramatikalak</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Genero_femenino&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Genero femenino (sortu gabe)">genero femeninoa</a> eta <a href="/w/index.php?title=Genero_maskulino&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Genero maskulino (sortu gabe)">genero maskulinoa</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Kasu gramatikalak</th><td class="infobox-data">baliorik ez</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Alfabetoa</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Latindar_alfabetoa" title="Latindar alfabetoa">latindar alfabetoa</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Aurrekaria</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Frantses_klasiko" title="Frantses klasiko">Frantses klasiko</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:center;background-color: #c9ffd9;">Hizkuntza kodeak</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-1" title="ISO 639-1">ISO 639-1</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><code>fr</code></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-2" title="ISO 639-2">ISO 639-2</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><code>fra</code> <code>fre</code></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-3" title="ISO 639-3">ISO 639-3</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><code>fra</code></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Ethnologue</th><td class="infobox-data"><code><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ethnologue.com/language/fra">fra</a></code></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Glottolog</th><td class="infobox-data"><code><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/stan1290">stan1290</a></code></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Wikipedia</th><td class="infobox-data"><code><a class="external text" href="https://fr.wikipedia.org">fr</a></code></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Linguasphere</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hortensj-garden.org/index.php?tnc=1&tr=lsr&nid=51-AAA-i">51-AAA-i</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">ASCL</th><td class="infobox-data">2101</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">IETF</th><td class="infobox-data">fr</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Frantsesa</b><sup id="cite_ref-Euskaltzaindia_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Euskaltzaindia-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<span lang="fr"><i>français, la langue française</i></span>) <a href="/wiki/Hizkuntza_erromantzeak" title="Hizkuntza erromantzeak">erromantze hizkuntza</a> da, <a href="/wiki/Hizkuntza_indoeuropar" class="mw-redirect" title="Hizkuntza indoeuropar">hizkuntza indoeuropar</a> bat. <a href="/wiki/Erromatar_Inperioa" title="Erromatar Inperioa">Erromatar Inperioan</a> hitz egiten zen <a href="/wiki/Latin_arrunt" title="Latin arrunt">latin arruntetik</a> eratorria da, beste hizkuntza erromantzeak bezala baina <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hizkuntza_galo-erromantzeak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hizkuntza galo-erromantzeak (sortu gabe)">hizkuntza galo-erromantzeetatik</a> ere bai, <a href="/wiki/Galia" title="Galia">Galian</a> hitz egiten zen <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">latinaren</a> formatik, zehazkiago Iparraldeko Galian. Haren ahaiderik gertukoenak <a href="/wiki/Frantzia" title="Frantzia">Frantziako</a> iparraldean eta <a href="/wiki/Belgika" title="Belgika">Belgikako</a> hegoaldean tradizioz hitz egin diren beste <a href="/wiki/O%C3%AFl_hizkuntzak" title="Oïl hizkuntzak">oïl hizkuntzak</a> dira, frantsesak ia guztiz gainditu dituenak. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Galia_Belgika" title="Galia Belgika">Galia Belgikako</a> <a href="/wiki/Hizkuntza_zelta" class="mw-redirect" title="Hizkuntza zelta">hizkuntza zelten</a> eragina izan du, eta aurrerago, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Frankiar_hizkuntza&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Frankiar hizkuntza (sortu gabe)">frankiar hizkuntzarena</a>, <a href="/wiki/Frankoak" title="Frankoak">frankoen</a> inbasioaren ondorioz. Gaur egun, Frantziak iraganean izandako itsasoz-haraindiko hedapena dela eta, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Frantziar_kreolera&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Frantziar kreolera (sortu gabe)">frantziar kreolerak</a> ugari dira, <a href="/wiki/Haitiko_kreolera" title="Haitiko kreolera">Haitiko kreolera</a> bereziki. Frantsesa hitz egiten duen pertsona edo nazio bati <b>frankofono</b> (<a href="/wiki/Frantsesa" class="mw-redirect" title="Frantsesa">frantsesez</a>: <span lang="fr"><i>francophone</i></span>) deritzo. </p><p>Ofiziala da munduko 29 herrialdetan, kontinente guztietan.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Horietako gehienak <a href="/w/index.php?title=Organisation_Internationale_de_la_Francophonie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Organisation Internationale de la Francophonie (sortu gabe)">Organisation Internationale de la Francophonie</a> (OIF) erakundeko kide dira, frantsesa erabili edo irakasten duten 84 herrialdeen elkartea. Lehen hizkuntza gisa erabiltzen da <a href="/wiki/Frantzia" title="Frantzia">Frantzian</a> (baita <a href="/wiki/Ipar_Euskal_Herria" title="Ipar Euskal Herria">Ipar Euskal Herrian</a> ere), <a href="/wiki/Kanada" title="Kanada">Kanadako</a> <a href="/wiki/Quebec" title="Quebec">Quebecen</a> zein <a href="/wiki/Ontario" title="Ontario">Ontario</a> eta <a href="/wiki/New_Brunswick" class="mw-redirect" title="New Brunswick">New Brunswicken</a>, <a href="/wiki/Belgika" title="Belgika">Belgikan</a> (bereziki <a href="/wiki/Valonia" title="Valonia">Valonia</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Brusela" title="Brusela">Bruselan</a>), <a href="/wiki/Suitza" title="Suitza">Suitzako</a> mendebaldean (<a href="/wiki/Berna_kantonamendua" title="Berna kantonamendua">Berna</a>, <a href="/wiki/Friburgo_kantonamendua" title="Friburgo kantonamendua">Friburgo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Geneva_kantonamendua" title="Geneva kantonamendua">Geneva</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jura_kantonamendua" title="Jura kantonamendua">Jura</a>, <a href="/wiki/Neuch%C3%A2tel_kantonamendua" title="Neuchâtel kantonamendua">Neuchâtel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vaud" title="Vaud">Vaud</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Valais" title="Valais">Valais</a> kantonamenduetan), <a href="/wiki/Monako" title="Monako">Monako</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ameriketako_Estatu_Batu" class="mw-redirect" title="Ameriketako Estatu Batu">Ameriketako Estatu Batuetako</a> eskualde batzuetan (<a href="/wiki/Louisiana" title="Louisiana">Louisiana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maine" title="Maine">Maine</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Hampshire" title="New Hampshire">New Hampshire</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Vermont" title="Vermont">Vermont</a>), <a href="/wiki/Luxenburgo" title="Luxenburgo">Luxenburgoko</a> eskualde batzuetan, <a href="/wiki/Italia" title="Italia">Italiako</a> iparraldean (<a href="/wiki/Aostako_Harana" title="Aostako Harana">Aostako Harana</a>) eta munduan zehar dauden zenbait komunitatetan.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Frantziar eta belgikar <a href="/wiki/Kolonialismo" title="Kolonialismo">kolonialismoaren</a> ondorioz <a href="/wiki/XVI._mende" class="mw-redirect" title="XVI. mende">XVI. mendetik</a> aurrera, asko hedatu zen Amerikan, Afrikan eta Asian zehar. Bigarren hizkuntza frantsesa duten gehienak <a href="/w/index.php?title=Afrika_Frankofonoa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Afrika Frankofonoa (sortu gabe)">Afrika Frankofonoan</a> bizi dira, bereziki <a href="/wiki/Gabon" title="Gabon">Gabonen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aljeria" title="Aljeria">Aljerian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maroko" title="Maroko">Marokon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tunisia" title="Tunisia">Tunisian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maurizio" title="Maurizio">Maurizion</a>, <a href="/wiki/Senegal" title="Senegal">Senegalen</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Boli_Kosta" title="Boli Kosta">Boli Kostan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Nazioarteko eta literatura hizkuntza gisa historia luzea du, eta askotan erabili da <a href="/wiki/Zientzia" title="Zientzia">zientziaren</a> hizkuntza nagusi gisa. <a href="/wiki/Nazio_Batuen_Erakundea" title="Nazio Batuen Erakundea">Nazio Batuen Erakundeak</a>, <a href="/wiki/Europar_Batasuna" title="Europar Batasuna">Europar Batasunak</a>, <a href="/wiki/NATO" class="mw-redirect" title="NATO">NATOk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Munduko_Merkataritza_Erakundea" title="Munduko Merkataritza Erakundea">Munduko Merkataritza Erakundeak</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nazioarteko_Komite_Olinpikoa" class="mw-redirect" title="Nazioarteko Komite Olinpikoa">Nazioarteko Komite Olinpikoak</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Gurutze_Gorria" title="Gurutze Gorria">Gurutze Gorriarentzat</a> lehen edo bigarren hizkuntza da. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Jatorria">Jatorria</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frantses&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Jatorria»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frantses&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Jatorria"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Gaur egun Frantzia den lurraldea K.a. VII. mendearen inguruan hasi ziren populatzen <a href="/wiki/Galia" title="Galia">galiarrak</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hizkuntza_zeltak" title="Hizkuntza zeltak">hizkuntza zeltak</a> hitz egiten zituztenak, oraindik idazkerarik gabe. Hego-mendebalderantz, <a href="/wiki/Akitaniar_(antzinako_herria)" title="Akitaniar (antzinako herria)">akitaniarrek</a> agian euskararen aitzindari zen hizkuntzaren bat hitz egiten zuten, oraindik ere idazkera gabe. <i>Massilia</i> inguruan (gaur egungo <a href="/wiki/Marseilla" title="Marseilla">Marseillan</a>), kolonia grekoetako biztanleek hitz egiten eta idazten zuten <a href="/wiki/Greziera" title="Greziera">grezieraz</a>, baina ez zuten beren kolonietatik haratago zabaldu. </p><p>Hizkuntza haiek eta antzinako <a href="/wiki/Galia" title="Galia">Galian</a> hitz egindako beste batzuk desagertu egin ziren, ziur aski, <a href="/wiki/Antzinako_Erroma" title="Antzinako Erroma">erromatarren</a> kolonizazioaren indarrez <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">latina</a> ezartzearekin batera. <a href="/wiki/Erromatar_Inperioa" title="Erromatar Inperioa">Erromatar Inperioaren</a> gainbeherarekin, jatorri germaniarreko herri batzuk iritsi ziren Galia erromatarrera. Haietako bi modu finkoagoan ezarri ziren: iparraldean <a href="/wiki/Frankoak" title="Frankoak">frankoak</a> eta hegoaldean <a href="/wiki/Bisigodo" title="Bisigodo">bisigodoak</a>, <a href="/wiki/Loira_(ibaia)" title="Loira (ibaia)">Loira ibaia</a> mugatzat hartuta. Bi herriek beren hizkuntzak hitz egiten zituzten arren, laster hartu zuten biztanleek hitz egiten zuten <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">latina</a>. Hala ere, frankoek hitz egiten zuten hizkuntza <a href="/wiki/Nederlandera" title="Nederlandera">nederlanderaren</a> jatorrian dago, <a href="/wiki/Herbehereak" title="Herbehereak">Herbehereetan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Belgika" title="Belgika">Belgikan</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Frantzia" title="Frantzia">Frantziako</a> iparraldean gaur egun hitz egiten den germaniar hizkuntza baita.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Denbora luzez, <a href="/wiki/Galia" title="Galia">Galiaren</a> iparraldean hitz egiten zen hizkuntza (berez, Frantzia) latin gutxi-asko eboluzionatua zen, <a href="/wiki/Frankoak" title="Frankoak">frankoek</a> hitz egiten zuten germaniar hizkuntzaren eragin <a href="/wiki/Fonetika" title="Fonetika">fonetiko</a> handi batez. Hegoaldean, bilakaera desberdina izan zen, eta, horregatik, poliki-poliki bi hizkuntza bereizten hasi ziren, hasieran <a href="/wiki/Loira_(ibaia)" title="Loira (ibaia)">Loira ibaian</a> markatutako mugarekin, nahiz eta historian zehar hegoalderantz gero eta gehiago joango zen iparraldean hitz egiten zen hizkuntza, eta <i><a href="/wiki/Okzitaniera" title="Okzitaniera">oc hizkuntza</a></i> hegoalderago. Bi hizkuntzen arteko muga <a href="/wiki/Erdialdeko_Mendigunea_(Frantzia)" title="Erdialdeko Mendigunea (Frantzia)">Erdialdeko Mendigunetik</a> <a href="/wiki/Loira_(ibaia)" title="Loira (ibaia)">Loira ibaiaren</a> bokaleraino (<a href="/wiki/Nantes" title="Nantes">Nantes</a>) zihoan. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Frantsesaren_sorrera">Frantsesaren sorrera</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frantses&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Frantsesaren sorrera»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frantses&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Frantsesaren sorrera"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Lenguas_de_Oil.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lenguas_de_Oil.png/220px-Lenguas_de_Oil.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="192" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lenguas_de_Oil.png/330px-Lenguas_de_Oil.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lenguas_de_Oil.png/440px-Lenguas_de_Oil.png 2x" data-file-width="580" data-file-height="506" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/O%C3%AFl_hizkuntzak" title="Oïl hizkuntzak">Oil hizkuntzen</a> aldaera historiko nagusien mapa.</figcaption></figure><p>Nolanahi ere, ez da batere erraza ebazten <a href="/wiki/Latin_arrunt" title="Latin arrunt">latin arrunta</a> zein unetan bihurtu zen <a class="mw-selflink selflink">frantses</a> edo <a href="/wiki/Okzitaniera" title="Okzitaniera">okzitaniera</a>, baina une hori <a href="/wiki/VI._mendea" title="VI. mendea">VI</a>. eta <a href="/wiki/IX._mendea" title="IX. mendea">IX</a>. mendeen artean kokatu behar da.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> VII. mendetik aurrera, gaur egungo Frantziako lurraldean hitz egiten zen hizkuntza <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">latinetik</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Germaniar_hizkuntzak" title="Germaniar hizkuntzak">germaniarretik</a> desberdina dela ikus daiteke. Funtsezko dokumentua <a href="/wiki/Estrasburgoko_Zina" title="Estrasburgoko Zina">Estrasburgoko Zina</a> da (<a href="/wiki/842" title="842">842</a>), <a href="/wiki/Hizkuntza_erromantzeak" title="Hizkuntza erromantzeak">hizkuntza erromantze</a> batean idatzitako testurik zaharrena, non <a href="/wiki/Karlomagno" title="Karlomagno">Karlomagnoren</a> biloba <a href="/wiki/Lotario_I.a" title="Lotario I.a">Lotario I.a</a>, <a href="/wiki/Karlos_II.a_Burusoila" title="Karlos II.a Burusoila">Karlos II.a Burusoila</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Luis_II.a_Germaniarra" title="Luis II.a Germaniarra">Luis II.a Germaniarra</a> behartzen baitziren <a href="/wiki/Luis_I.a_Errukitsua" title="Luis I.a Errukitsua">Luis I.a Errukitsuaren</a> heriotzaren ondoren gertatutako banaketa aintzat hartzera, <a href="/wiki/Verdungo_Hitzarmena" title="Verdungo Hitzarmena">Verdungo Hitzarmenaren</a> arauz. Zinaren dokumentua <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">latinez</a>, <a href="/wiki/Germaniar_hizkuntzak" title="Germaniar hizkuntzak">germanieraz</a> eta hizkuntza erromantze batean ―latina eta frantsesa edo okzitaniera erdi bana― idatzi zuten. Frantzian, bi hizkuntza erromantze handiak <i><a href="/wiki/Okzitaniera" title="Okzitaniera">oc hizkuntza</a></i> (<i>langue d'oc</i>) eta <a href="/wiki/O%C3%AFl_hizkuntzak" title="Oïl hizkuntzak"><i>oil</i> <i>hizkuntza</i></a> (<i>langue d'oïl)</i> izenez ezagutuko dira, «bai» esateko erabiltzen zen hitzaren arabera. Egungo frantsesa azken horren oinordekoa da.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Berehala, <a href="/wiki/Klero" title="Klero">elizgizonek</a> hizkuntza berri hartan idatzitako <a href="/wiki/Literatura" title="Literatura">literatura</a> agertzen hasi zen, lehen literatura testuak agertu zirenean (lehena, <i><a class="external text" href="https://fr.wikisource.org/wiki/S%C3%A9quence_de_sainte_Eulalie">Séquence de sainte Eulalie</a></i>). Horien artean, <a href="/wiki/Errolanen_kantua" title="Errolanen kantua">Errolanen kantua</a> nabarmentzen da, hizkuntza erromantzea sendotzen eta latinetik gero eta gehiago bereizten joan baitzen. Astiro, hizkuntza <a href="/wiki/Deklinabide_(gramatika)" title="Deklinabide (gramatika)">deklinatu</a> izatetik, <a href="/wiki/Hizkuntza_analitiko" title="Hizkuntza analitiko">hizkuntza analitiko</a> izatera aldatu zen, non <a href="/wiki/Preposizio" title="Preposizio">preposizioen</a> erabilerak eta <a href="/wiki/Perpaus" title="Perpaus">perpausaren</a> hitzen hurrenkerak ordezten baitute <a href="/wiki/Deklinabide_(gramatika)" title="Deklinabide (gramatika)">kasu sistema</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Antzinako_frantsesa">Antzinako frantsesa</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frantses&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Antzinako frantsesa»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frantses&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Antzinako frantsesa"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Antzinako_frantses" title="Antzinako frantses">Antzinako frantses</a></i> deritzona <a href="/wiki/XI._mendea" title="XI. mendea">XI. mendetik</a> aurrera sendotuz joan zen, eta <a href="/wiki/Loira_(ibaia)" title="Loira (ibaia)">Loiratik</a> iparraldera hitz egiten zen guztia hizkuntza bakarra balitz bezala aztertzen bada ere, berez elementu elkartuak zituzten hizkera desberdinak ziren.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Hizkuntzaren eragin <a href="/wiki/Germaniar_hizkuntzak" title="Germaniar hizkuntzak">germanikoa</a> zela eta, hizkuntza berria idazterakoan zenbait <a href="/wiki/Digrama" title="Digrama">digrama</a> ―letra bikoteak― erabili behar izan ziren, <a href="/wiki/Latin_arrunt" title="Latin arrunt">latin arruntean</a> ez ziren soinu batzuk adierazi ahal izateko. Hala, <a href="/wiki/Sudurkaritze" title="Sudurkaritze">sudurkaritzea</a> ―eragin germanikoaren elementu fonetiko bereizgarrienetako bat― adierazteko, silabaren amaieran <i>n</i> erabiltzen hasi zen. Latinezko <i>o</i> bokalak gaur egun frantsesez duen soinuaren bilakaera fonetikoaren ondorioz, <i>ou</i> digrama erabiltzen hasi behar izan zen, latinezko jatorrizko soinua adierazteko. </p><p>Beheko taulan <a href="/wiki/Fonetika" title="Fonetika">bilakaera fonetiko</a> batzuk ageri dira, mendeetan zehar gertatutako aldaketa fonetiko nagusien erritmoaren berri ematen dutenak:<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="2">Latina </th> <th rowspan="2">Aurre- <p>erromantzea </p> </th> <th colspan="2">Antzinako frantsesa </th> <th>Frantses <p>ertaina </p> </th> <th colspan="2">Frantses modernoa </th></tr> <tr> <th>IX. mendea </th> <th>XII. mendea </th> <th>XV. mendea </th> <th>XVIII. mendea </th> <th>XXI. mendea </th></tr> <tr> <td><small>PĔDE</small><br />oin </td> <td>*'pɛde </td> <td>/pieð/ </td> <td>/pieθ/ <p><i>pied</i> </p> </td> <td>/pie/ </td> <td>/pie/ </td> <td>/pie/ <p><i>pied</i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td><small>MATŪRU</small><br />heldu </td> <td>*ma'turo </td> <td>/ma'ðyr/ </td> <td>/mə'yr/ <p><i>meür</i> </p> </td> <td>/myr/ </td> <td>/myʀ/ </td> <td>/myʀ/ <p><i>mûr</i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td><small>SCŪTU</small><br />ezkutu </td> <td>*(i)s'kuto </td> <td>/es'kyð(o)/ </td> <td>/es'ky/ <p><i>escu</i> </p> </td> <td>/e'ky/ </td> <td>/e'ky/ </td> <td>/e'ky/ <p><i>écu</i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td><small>SÆTA</small><br />gezi </td> <td>*'sɛta </td> <td>/seiðə/ </td> <td>/seiə/ <p><i>seie</i> </p> </td> <td>/soiə/ </td> <td>/swɛə/ </td> <td>/swa/ <p><i>soie</i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td><small>FŒMINA</small><br />emakume </td> <td>*'femina </td> <td>/femnə/ </td> <td>/femmə/ <p><i>femme</i> </p> </td> <td>/fãmə/ </td> <td>/fam(ə)/ </td> <td>/fam/ <p><i>femme</i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td><small>HŎMINE</small><br />gizon </td> <td>*'omine </td> <td>/omnə/ </td> <td>/ommə/ <p><i>homme</i> </p> </td> <td>/õmə/ </td> <td>/ɔm(ə)/ </td> <td>/ɔm/ <p><i>homme</i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td><small>BĔLLUS</small><br />eder </td> <td>*'bɛllos </td> <td>/bɛłs/ </td> <td>/bɛ<sup>a</sup>us/ <p><i>beaus</i> </p> </td> <td>/be'au/ </td> <td>/bio/ </td> <td>/bo/ <p><i>beau</i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td><small>HABĒRE</small><br />eduki </td> <td>*a'bere </td> <td>/a'veire/ </td> <td>/a'voir/ <p><i>avoir</i> </p> </td> <td>/a'vwɛr/ </td> <td>/a'vwɛʀ/ </td> <td>/a'vwaʀ/ <p><i>avoir</i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td><small>IŪDICĀTU</small><br />epaitu </td> <td>*ʤudi'kato </td> <td>/ʤy'ʤieð(o)/ </td> <td>/ʒy'ʒie/ <p><i>jugié</i> </p> </td> <td>/ʒy'ʒe/ </td> <td>/ʒy'ʒe/ </td> <td>/ʒy'ʒe/ <p><i>jugé</i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td><small>CŎLLŌCĀRE</small><br />jarri </td> <td>*kollo'kare </td> <td>/koł'ʧier(e)/ </td> <td>/ku'ʧier/ <p><i>couchier</i> </p> </td> <td>/ku'ʃie(r)/ </td> <td>/ku'ʃe/ </td> <td>/ku'ʃe/ <p><i>coucher</i> </p> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Frantses_ertaina">Frantses ertaina</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frantses&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Frantses ertaina»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frantses&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Frantses ertaina"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Franc%C3%A8s-fran%C3%A7a.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Franc%C3%A8s-fran%C3%A7a.png/220px-Franc%C3%A8s-fran%C3%A7a.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="216" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9f/Franc%C3%A8s-fran%C3%A7a.png 1.5x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="295" /></a><figcaption>Frantsesa Frantziaren barruan.</figcaption></figure> <p>Antzinako frantsesaren eta frantses modernoaren arteko trantsizio aldaera, <a href="/wiki/Frantses_ertain" title="Frantses ertain">frantses ertaina</a> alegia, XIV. eta XVI. mendeetan iraun zuen, nahasmendu egoera handi batez. Izan ere, <a href="/wiki/XIV._mendea" title="XIV. mendea">XIV. mendean</a>, <a href="/wiki/Izurri_Beltza" title="Izurri Beltza">Izurri Beltzak</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Ehun_Urteetako_Gerra" title="Ehun Urteetako Gerra">Ehun Urteko Gerra</a>k erakundeen desantolaketa handia eragin zuten. </p><p>Garai hartan, garrantzizkoa izan zen <a href="/wiki/John_Mandeville" title="John Mandeville">John Mandevillek</a> idatzitako <i>Itineraria</i> bidaia <a href="/wiki/Eskuizkribu" title="Eskuizkribu">eskuizkribua</a>, 250 bat aletan argitaratu zena, zenbait hizkuntzatan.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/XIV._mendea" title="XIV. mendea">XIV. mendean</a>, <i>Enseingnemenz qui enseingnent a apareillier toutes manieres de viandes</i> sukaldaritza liburua nabarmentzen da, 1304-1314 artean idatzitakoa, besteak beste halako gomendiok egiten zituelarik:<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table cellpadding="10" align="center" style="border-collapse:collapse; color: inherit; background-color:transparent; border-style:none; width:;"> <tbody><tr> <td width="20" valign="top" style="color:silver;font-size:20px;font-family:'Times New Roman',serif;font-weight:bold;text-align:left;padding:2 2px;">« </td> <td>Por blanc mengier — Se vos volez fere blanc mengier, prenez les eles e les piez de gelines e metez cuire en eve, e prenez un poi de ris e le destrempez de cele eve, puis le fetes cuire a petit feu, e puis charpez la char bien menu eschevelee e la metez cuire ovec un poi de chucre. </td> <td width="20" valign="bottom" style="color:silver;font-size:20px;font-family:'Times New Roman',serif;font-weight:bold;text-align:right;padding:2 2px;">» </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Frantses_modernoa:_XVIII._mendetik_gaur_egunera">Frantses modernoa: XVIII. mendetik gaur egunera</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frantses&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Frantses modernoa: XVIII. mendetik gaur egunera»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frantses&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Frantses modernoa: XVIII. mendetik gaur egunera"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Frantziako_Iraultza" title="Frantziako Iraultza">Frantziako Iraultzaren</a> hasieran, <a href="/wiki/Frantzia" title="Frantzia">Frantziako</a> biztanleen laurdenak baino ez zuen frantsesez hitz egiten, gainerakoak eskualdeetako beste hizkuntzaren batean mintzo ziren.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Iparraldean <a href="/wiki/O%C3%AFl_hizkuntzak" title="Oïl hizkuntzak">oïl hizkuntzak</a> zeuden, hegoaldean <a href="/wiki/Okzitaniera" title="Okzitaniera">oc hizkuntzak,</a> hori da, okzitanieraren aldaerak; horiez gain, <a href="/wiki/Bretainiera" title="Bretainiera">bretainiera</a>, <a href="/wiki/Euskara" title="Euskara">euskara</a>, <a href="/wiki/Katalan" title="Katalan">katalana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Frankoproventzera" title="Frankoproventzera">frankoproventzera</a>, <a href="/wiki/Flandriera" title="Flandriera">flandriera</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Alsaziera" title="Alsaziera">alsaziera</a> zeuden, besteak beste. Frantsesaren batasuna, <a href="/wiki/Charles_Maurice_de_Talleyrand-P%C3%A9rigord" title="Charles Maurice de Talleyrand-Périgord">Charles Maurice de Talleyrand-Périgordek</a> hasi zuen eta <a href="/wiki/Jules_Ferry" title="Jules Ferry">Jules Ferryk</a> jarraitu, Frantziako lurralde osorako hizkuntza bakarra sortzeko xedez. <a href="/wiki/Frankoproventzera" title="Frankoproventzera">Frantsesa</a> nahiko azkar nagusitu zen oil eta francoprovçal dialektoak hitz egiten ziren eskualdeetan, baina beste metodo batzuk erabili ziren bretoia, okzitanoa, katalana, euskara, koroa eta abar ezabatzeko (adibidez, ikasle gazteak makurraraztea).<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>1794ko ekainaren 4an argitaratutako txosten ospetsuan,<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Henri_Gr%C3%A9goire" title="Henri Grégoire">Henri Grégoirek</a> adierazi zuen frantsesez soilik hitz egiten zela «hamabost bat departamentutan», guztira 83 zirelarik. Paradoxikoa eta ia jasanezina iruditzen zitzaion hizkuntza nazionalean hiru milioi frantsesek baino gutxiagok hitz egin zezaketela egiaztatzea; hizkuntza hori, berriz, «baita Kanadan eta Mississippiren ertzetan ere» erabiltzen bazen ere. </p><p>Gainera, frantsesa asko hitz egiten zen Europako gorte gehienetan.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Eskualdeko_patois_guztiak_alboratzea">Eskualdeko <i>patois</i> guztiak alboratzea</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frantses&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Eskualdeko patois guztiak alboratzea»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frantses&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Eskualdeko patois guztiak alboratzea"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>XIX. mendearen amaieran, nahiz eta frantses estandarra eremu publikoan nagusi izan eguneroko erabileran, herriak oso maiz erabiltzen zituen tokiko hizkuntza erromanikoak (<a href="/wiki/Okzitaniera" title="Okzitaniera">okzitanoa</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Frankoproventzera" title="Frankoproventzera">francoproventzera</a>), bereziki herrialdearen hegoan eta ekialdean. Eskualdeko aldaera haiei <i><a href="/wiki/Patois" title="Patois">patois</a></i> mespretxuzko izena erantsi zitzaien: frantziar estatuaren egiturak eta indar guztiak ipini ziren gizartean maila apalagotzat joak izan zitezen eta haiek erabiltzea prestigio galera handi bat izan zedin. Horren ondorioz, XX. mendean zehar etengabe izan ziren alboratuak.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>1890ean, Frantziako erdialdeko zenbait herritan, hala nola <a href="/wiki/Saint-Thurin" title="Saint-Thurin">Saint-Thurin</a> edo <a href="/wiki/Celles-sur-Durolle" title="Celles-sur-Durolle">Celles-sur-Durolle</a>, eskualdeko hizkuntzaren erabilera biztanleen % 90-% 100 bitartekoa zen. 1950ean % 50 ingurura jaitsi zen erabilera, nahiz eta biztanleen % 70-% 80 batek ulertzen jarraitzen zuen. Hurrengo belaunaldiak modu masiboan utzi zuen eskualdeko hizkuntzaren erabilera, eta 1965 inguruan % 10 baino gutxiago erabiltzen zen (nahiz eta jende gehientsuenak ulertu bertako hizkuntza).<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Fonetika">Fonetika</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frantses&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Fonetika»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frantses&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Fonetika"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fonologia">Fonologia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frantses&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Fonologia»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frantses&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Fonologia"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Frantsesaren <a href="/wiki/Ahoskera" title="Ahoskera">ahoskerak</a> <a href="/wiki/Ortografia" title="Ortografia">ortografian</a> oinarritutako arau zorrotzen arabera egiten da, nahiz frantses ortografia, sarritan, gehiago oinarritzen da historian ―hitzen jatorri <a href="/wiki/Etimologia" title="Etimologia">etimologikoa</a> eta bilakaera― fonologian baino. Ahoskera arauak eskualde batetik bestera zertxobait aldatzen diren arren, arau estandarrak hauek dira: </p> <ul><li>Hitz amaierako kontsonanteak: kontsonante bat «amaierakotzat» hartzen da bokalik ez badauka atzetik, nahiz eta kontsonante bat edo gehiago izan. Amaierako kontsonante bakartuak ―bere<i>z</i>iki <i>s</i>, <i>x</i>, <i>z</i>, <i>t</i>, <i>d</i>, <i>n</i>, <i>p</i> eta <i>g</i>― mutuak izan ohi dira, hau da, ez dira ahoskatzen (adibidez, <i>temps</i>, <i>cailloux</i>, <i>abaissez</i>, <i>donnent</i>, <i>placard</i>, <i>américain</i>, <i>champ</i>, <i>poing)</i>. Hitz amaierako <i>f, k,</i> <i>q,</i> eta <i>l</i> letrak, ordea, ahoskatu egin ohi dira (adibidez, <i>sportif</i>, <i>kayak</i>, <i>cinq</i>, <i>personnel</i>). Amaierako <i>c</i> ahoskatu egiten da batzuetan (adibidez, <i>bac</i> edo <i>sac</i>), baina mutua ere izan daiteke (adibidez, <i>blanc</i> edo <i>estomac</i>). Bi silabako <i>e</i>do gehiagoko hitz batean <i>e</i> letraren osteann mutua izan ohi da <i>r</i> (adibidez, <i>métier</i>) baina hitz batzuetan ahoskatu egiten da (adibidez<i>, hiver</i>, <i>super</i>, <i>cancer</i>).</li></ul> <ul><li>Hala ere, hitz amaierako kontsonante mutu bat ahoskatu egin daiteke, hurrengo hitza bokal batekin hasten denean, bi hitzen arteko <i>liaison</i> edo «lotura» errazteko. Lotura horietako batzuk nahitaezkoak dira (adibidez, <i>les amants</i> edo <i>vous avez</i>, bietan hitz amaierako <i>s</i> mutua ahoskatu egiten baita); batzuk hautazkoak dira, aldaeraren eta erregistroaren arabera (adibidez, <i>euros irlandais</i>); eta beste batzuk ahaztuta dude, adibidez, <i>s</i> amaierako kontsonantea <i>beaucoup d'hommes aiment</i> esaldi zatian.</li></ul> <ul><li>Hitz bukaerako <i>n</i> bat errepikatu eta <i>e</i> mutu bat gehitzen bazaio, femeninoa egiteko, (adibidez, <i>chien</i> > <i>chienne</i>), <i>n</i> hori argiago ahoskatzen da. Aldiz, bukaerako <i>l</i> bat bikoiztu <i>e</i> mutu bat gehitzen bada, femeninoa egiteko, [j] soinu bat bihurtzen da, <i>l</i> letraren aurretik <i>i</i> letra baldin badago (adibidez, <i>gentil</i> > <i>gentille</i>).</li></ul> <ul><li>Elisioa edo bokal galera: <i>a</i> edo <i>e</i> letraz amaitzen diren funtzio monosilabikoko hitz batzuk (adibidez, <i>je</i> eta <i>que</i>) azken bokala galdu egiten dute, bokal batez hasten den hitz baten aurrean, <a href="/wiki/Hiato" title="Hiato">hiatoa</a> saihestearren. Galtzen den bokala <a href="/wiki/Apostrofo" title="Apostrofo">apostrofo</a> batez ordezten da (adibidez, <i>je ai</i> > <i>j'ai</i>). Horrek eragiten du esaldi batzuek ahoskera bera izatea, esate baterako <i>l'homme qu'il a vu</i> (berak ikusi duen gizona) eta <i>l'homme qui l'a vu</i> (bera [emakumea] ikusi duen gizona).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azentu" title="Azentu">Azentu tonikoa</a> azken silabari dagokio beti.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:French_oral_vowel_chart.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/French_oral_vowel_chart.svg/220px-French_oral_vowel_chart.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="162" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/French_oral_vowel_chart.svg/330px-French_oral_vowel_chart.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/French_oral_vowel_chart.svg/440px-French_oral_vowel_chart.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="980" data-file-height="720" /></a><figcaption>Frantses estandarreko bokalen ahoskera.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />Biribildu gabeko bokalak puntuen ezkerretara agertzen dira eta biribildutakoak eskuinetara. Lagina <span title="Hau ahoskeraren IPA edo NAF transkripzio fonetikoa da. Ikusi Nazioarteko Alfabeto Fonetikoa." class="IPA" id="IPA" style="white-space: nowrap; font-family:'Chrysanthi Unicode', 'Doulos SIL', 'Gentium', 'GentiumAlt', 'Code2000', 'TITUS Cyberbit Basic', 'DejaVu Sans', 'Bitstream Vera Sans', 'Bitstream Cyberbit', 'Arial Unicode MS', 'Lucida Sans Unicode', 'Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro', 'Matrix Unicode'; font-family :inherit; text-decoration: none"><a href="/wiki/Nazioarteko_Alfabeto_Fonetikoa" title="Nazioarteko Alfabeto Fonetikoa">/a/</a></span> eta <span title="Hau ahoskeraren IPA edo NAF transkripzio fonetikoa da. Ikusi Nazioarteko Alfabeto Fonetikoa." class="IPA" id="IPA" style="white-space: nowrap; font-family:'Chrysanthi Unicode', 'Doulos SIL', 'Gentium', 'GentiumAlt', 'Code2000', 'TITUS Cyberbit Basic', 'DejaVu Sans', 'Bitstream Vera Sans', 'Bitstream Cyberbit', 'Arial Unicode MS', 'Lucida Sans Unicode', 'Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro', 'Matrix Unicode'; font-family :inherit; text-decoration: none"><a href="/wiki/Nazioarteko_Alfabeto_Fonetikoa" title="Nazioarteko Alfabeto Fonetikoa">/ɑ/</a></span> bereizten ez zituen hiztun bati hartutakoa da.</figcaption></figure> <p>Bokal <a href="/wiki/Alofono" title="Alofono">alofonoen</a> zerrenda honela egiten da: </p> <dl><dd><table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"> <tbody><tr> <th> </th> <th>aitzinekoa </th> <th>erdikoa </th> <th>atzekoa </th></tr> <tr> <th>itxia </th> <td style="font-size:larger;">i y </td> <td> </td> <td style="font-size:larger;">u </td></tr> <tr> <th>erdi-itxia </th> <td style="font-size:larger;">e ø </td> <td> </td> <td style="font-size:larger;">o </td></tr> <tr> <th>erdikoa </th> <td> </td> <td style="font-size:larger;">ə </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th>erdi-irekia </th> <td style="font-size:larger;">ɛ ɛ̃ œ œ̃ </td> <td> </td> <td style="font-size:larger;">ɔ ɔ̃ </td></tr> <tr> <th>irekia </th> <td style="font-size:larger;">a </td> <td> </td> <td style="font-size:larger;">ɑ ɑ̃ </td></tr></tbody></table></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bokalen_eta_kontsonanteen_konbinazioak_ahoskatzea">Bokalen eta kontsonanteen konbinazioak ahoskatzea</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frantses&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Bokalen eta kontsonanteen konbinazioak ahoskatzea»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frantses&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Bokalen eta kontsonanteen konbinazioak ahoskatzea"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>Bokalak</b> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="5">frantsesaren bokalak </th></tr> <tr> <th>idazkera </th> <th>soinua <p><a href="/wiki/Nazioarteko_Alfabeto_Fonetikoa" title="Nazioarteko Alfabeto Fonetikoa">NAF</a> </p> </th> <th>azalpena </th> <th>adibideak </th> <th>euskaraz </th></tr> <tr> <td><b>u, û</b> </td> <td>[y] </td> <td>ezpain aurreratu pixka bat itxiak, <i>i</i> bat ahoskatuz </td> <td><i>tu</i>, <i>lune</i>, <i>fût</i> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Zuberera" title="Zuberera">Zubereraz</a> <i><b>ü</b>th<b>ü</b>ri</i> (iturri) hitzean <i>ü</i> idazten den soinua </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>ai, ei</b> </td> <td>[e] </td> <td><i>e</i> itxia </td> <td><i>fait</i>, <i>treize</i> </td> <td>ez dago halakorik </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>oi</b>, <b>oy</b> </td> <td>[wa] </td> <td><i>u</i> eta <i>a</i> arruntak </td> <td><i>toi, trois, royaume</i> </td> <td><i>altsas<b>ua</b>r</i> hitzean bezala </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>ou, où, oû</b> </td> <td>[u] </td> <td><i>u</i> arrunta </td> <td><i>cou, sourd</i> </td> <td><i>d<b>u</b>g<b>u</b></i> hitzean bezala </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>eu, œu</b> </td> <td>[ø], [œ] </td> <td>ezpain aurreratu pixka bat itxiak, <i>e</i> bat ahoskatuz </td> <td><i>deux, cheveux, feu, œuf</i> </td> <td>ez dago halakorik </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>au, eau, o</b> </td> <td>[o] </td> <td><i>o</i> arrunta </td> <td><i>jaune, beau, dos</i> </td> <td><i><b>o</b>d<b>o</b>l</i> hitzean bezala </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>on</b> </td> <td>[ɔ̃] </td> <td><i>o</i> <a href="/wiki/Sudurkaritze" title="Sudurkaritze">sudurkari</a> bat </td> <td><i>non, son, béton</i> </td> <td>ez dago halakorik </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>en, an</b> </td> <td>[ɑ̃] </td> <td><i>a</i> <a href="/wiki/Sudurkaritze" title="Sudurkaritze">sudurkari</a> bat </td> <td><i>trente, soixante, écrasant</i> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Zuberera" title="Zuberera">Zubereraz</a> <i>org<b>ã</b></i> hitzean <a href="/wiki/Euskararen_hotsak" title="Euskararen hotsak"><i>ã</i> idazten den soinua</a><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>in, ain, ein</b> </td> <td>[ɛ̃] </td> <td><i>e</i> <a href="/wiki/Sudurkaritze" title="Sudurkaritze">sudurkari</a> bat </td> <td><i>voisin, main, plein</i> </td> <td>ez dago halakorik </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>é, -er, -ez, -et, -es</b> </td> <td>[e] </td> <td><i>e</i> arrunta </td> <td><i>étoile, manger, dormez, et, des</i> </td> <td><i><b>e</b>d<b>e</b>r</i> hitzean bezala </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>e, è, ê, aî, ei, ë, et</b> </td> <td>[ɛ] </td> <td><i>e</i> irekia </td> <td><i>bec, frère, fenêtre, maître, baleine, Noël, beignet</i> </td> <td>ez dago halakorik </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Kontsonanteak</b> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="5">frantsesaren kontsonanteak </th></tr> <tr> <th>idazkera </th> <th>soinua<a href="/wiki/Nazioarteko_Alfabeto_Fonetikoa" title="Nazioarteko Alfabeto Fonetikoa">NAF</a> </th> <th>azalpena </th> <th>adibideak </th> <th>euskaraz </th></tr> <tr> <td><b>b</b> </td> <td>[b] </td> <td>euskaraz bezala ahoskatzen da </td> <td><i>bac, colombe, pénible</i> </td> <td><i><b>b</b>uru</i> hitzean bezala </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>c</b> (-a, -o, -u)<b>, q</b> (-u), <b>k</b> </td> <td>[k] </td> <td>euskaraz bezala ahoskatzen da </td> <td><i>colle, quoi, kilo</i> </td> <td><i><b>k</b>afe</i> hitzean bezala </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>d</b> </td> <td>[d] </td> <td>euskaraz bezala ahoskatzen da; hitz amaieran ez da gehienetan ahoskatzen </td> <td><i>doigt, devoir, du</i> </td> <td><i><b>d</b>ago</i> hitzen bezala </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>f, ff, ph</b> </td> <td>[f] </td> <td>euskaraz bezala ahoskatzen da </td> <td><i>faire, effacer, éléphant</i> </td> <td><i>a<b>f</b>ari</i> hitzean bezala </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>g</b> (-a, -o, -u) </td> <td>[g] </td> <td>euskaraz bezala ahoskatzen da </td> <td><i>gare, gorille, aigu</i> </td> <td><i>e<b>g</b>on</i> hitzean bezala </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>g</b> (-e, -i)<b>, j</b> </td> <td>[<big>ʒ</big>] </td> <td> </td> <td><i>manger, gifle, jaune, jeu, joli, juin</i> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mendebaleko_euskara" title="Mendebaleko euskara">Bizkaieraz</a> <i>mendi<b>j</b>e</i> edo <a href="/wiki/Zuberera" title="Zuberera">Zubereraz</a> <i>erre<b>j</b>enta</i> hitzetan bezala </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>l</b> </td> <td>[l] </td> <td>euskaraz bezala ahoskatzen da </td> <td><i>lire, loisir, lune, alarme, aigle, absolue</i> </td> <td><i><b>l</b>agun</i> hitzean bezala </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>m</b> </td> <td>[m] </td> <td>euskaraz bezala ahoskatzen da; aurretik bokal bat badu, hura <a href="/wiki/Sudurkaritze" title="Sudurkaritze">sudurkaritu</a> egiten du </td> <td><i>maire, montrer, homme, emballer, comte</i> </td> <td><i><b>m</b>adari</i> hitzean bezala </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>n</b> </td> <td>[n] </td> <td>euskaraz bezala ahoskatzen da; aurretik bokal bat badu, hura <a href="/wiki/Sudurkaritze" title="Sudurkaritze">sudurkaritu</a> egiten du </td> <td><i>nature, nuage, bon, abandon, mundain</i> </td> <td><i><b>n</b>ago</i> hitzean bezala </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>gn</b> </td> <td>[ɲ] </td> <td>euskaraz <i>ñ</i> letra bezala ahoskatzen da </td> <td><i>gagner, montagne, accompagner, témoigner, espagnol</i> </td> <td><i>andere<b>ñ</b>o</i> hitzean bezala </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>-ng</b> </td> <td>[ŋ] </td> <td> </td> <td><i>parking, antigang</i> </td> <td>ez dago halakorik </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>ch</b> </td> <td>[ʃ] </td> <td>euskaraz <i>x</i> letra bezala ahoskatzen da </td> <td><i>châtaigne, cheval, chicorée, chômage, chuchoter</i> </td> <td><i><b>x</b>ahutu</i> hitzean bezala </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>p</b> </td> <td>[p] </td> <td>euskaraz bezala ahoskatzen da; hitz amaieran ez da gehienetan ahoskatzen </td> <td><i>papa, perdre, pianiste, poche, public; loup, drap</i> </td> <td><i><b>p</b>ago</i> hitzean bezala </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>s-, ss, ç</b> </td> <td>[s] </td> <td>euskaraz <i>s</i> letra bezala ahoskatzen da; hitz amaieran ez da gehienetan ahoskatzen </td> <td><i>sac, assis, leçon</i> </td> <td><i><b>s</b>artu</i> hitzean bezala </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>-s-, z</b> </td> <td>[z] </td> <td>gutxi gorabehera, euskaraz <i>z</i> letra bezala ahoskatzen da </td> <td><i>chaise, douze</i> </td> <td><i><b>z</b>ahar</i> hitzean bezala, gutxi gorabehera </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>t</b> </td> <td>[t] </td> <td>euskaraz bezala ahoskatzen da; hitz amaieran ez da gehienetan ahoskatzen </td> <td><i>table, témoin, tiers, tout, tuer; août, but</i> </td> <td><i><b>t</b>alde</i> hitzean bezala </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>tch</b> </td> <td>[tʃ] </td> <td>euskaraz <i>tx</i> digrama bezala ahoskatzen da </td> <td><i>tchèque, tchétchène</i> </td> <td><i>e<b>tx</b>e</i> hitzean bezala </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>v</b> </td> <td>[v] </td> <td>igurzkari ezpain-horzkari ahostuna da; ongi bereizi behar da [b] herskari ahostunarekin, batzuetan hitzak bereizten baitira </td> <td><i>voir</i> (ez <i>boire</i>) </td> <td>ez dago halakorik </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>w</b> </td> <td>[w] <p>[v] </p> </td> <td> </td> <td><i>kiwi, weekendwagon</i> </td> <td>ez dago halakorik </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Idazkera">Idazkera</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frantses&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Idazkera»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frantses&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section's source code: Idazkera"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Frantsesa <a href="/wiki/Latindar_alfabetoa" title="Latindar alfabetoa">latindar alfabetoarekin</a> idazten da. Bost diakritiko ditu (<a href="/wiki/Azentu_zorrotz" title="Azentu zorrotz">azentu zorrotza</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Azentu_zirkunflexua&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Azentu zirkunflexua (sortu gabe)">azentu zirkunflexua</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Azentu_kamuts&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Azentu kamuts (sortu gabe)">azentu kamutsa</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C3%87" title="Ç">ze hautsia</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Dieresi_(hizkuntzalaritza)" title="Dieresi (hizkuntzalaritza)">dieresia</a>), baita <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lotura_(tipografia)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lotura (tipografia) (sortu gabe)">lotura</a> bat ere (<i>œ</i>). Halaber, æ lotura erabiltzen da maileguan hartutako hitz batzuetan (adibidez, <i>curriculum vitæ</i>). </p><p>Idazketak ez du zerikusi handirik gaur egungo ahoskerarekin. Oro har, ahoskera baino kontserbadoreagoa ―hori da, hitzen jatorri etimologikoarekin lotuagoa― da idatzizko forma. Horren arrazoi dira antzinako frantsesaren garaietatik izandako aldaketa fonetiko handiak, idazkera aldaketak astiroago joan baitziren. Hala ere, aldaketa kontziente batzuk izan dira idazketan, latinezko ortografia berrezartzeko xedez eginak: </p> <ul><li>Antzinako frantsesean <i>doit</i> > <i>doigt</i> frantses modernoan, latinezko <i>digitum</i> (<a href="/wiki/Hatz" title="Hatz">hatz</a>) jatorrizkotik hurbilago.</li> <li>Antzinako frantsesean <i>pie</i> > <i>pied</i> frantses modernoan, latinezko <i>pedem</i> (<a href="/wiki/Oin" title="Oin">oin</a>) jatorrizkotik gertuago.</li></ul> <p>Horrenbestez, ia ezinezkoa da idazketa iragartzea ahoskeran soilik oinarrituta. Azken kontsonanteak, bereziki <i>s</i>, <i>x</i>, <i>z</i>, <i>t</i> eta <i>d</i>, mutuak izan ohi dira; eta <i>n</i> eta <i>m</i>, hitzaren amaieran ere hauteman daitezke, aurretik dagoen bokala <a href="/wiki/Sudurkaritze" title="Sudurkaritze">sudurkaritzen</a> baitute. Aldiz, <i>c</i>, <i>r</i>, <i>f</i>, eta <i>l</i> azken posizioan ere ahoskatzen dira. Adibidez, hitz hauek kontsonantez amaituta idazten diren arren, bokalez bezala ahoskatzean dira: <i>nez</i>, <i>doigt</i>, <i>pied</i>, <i>aller</i>, <i>las</i>, <i>lit</i>, <i>beaux</i>. </p><p>Diakritikoek esanahi fonetikoa, semantikoa eta etimologikoa dute. </p> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Azentu_kamuts&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Azentu kamuts (sortu gabe)">Azentu kamutsa</a> (<i>à, è, ù</i>): <i>a</i> edo <i>u</i> baten gainean, homofonoak beren artean bereizten ditu (<i>à</i> preposizioa, <i>a</i> aditz forma; <i>ou</i> juntagailua, <i>oú</i> izenordaina); <i>e</i> baten gainean, /ε/ soinua adierazten du.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azentu_zorrotz" title="Azentu zorrotz">Azentu zorrotza</a> (<i>é</i>): <i>e</i> gainean /e/ soinua adierazten du. Gain<i>e</i>ra, <i>e</i> letraren atzetik joan ohi zen kont<i>s</i>onante baten (normalean <i>s</i> bat) galera historikoa adierazi ohi du: <i>écouter</i> < <i>escouter</i> (entzun).</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Azentu_zirkunflexu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Azentu zirkunflexu (sortu gabe)">Azentu zirkunflexua</a> (<i>â, ê, î, ô, û</i>): e letraren gainean, /ε/ soinua adierazten du. Ondoko letra baten omi<i>s</i>io historikoa ere adieraz dezake (normalean <i>s</i> bat): <i>château</i> < <i>c(h)astel</i> (<a href="/wiki/Gaztelu" title="Gaztelu">gaztelu</a>), <i>fête</i> < <i>feste</i> (jai), <i>sûr</i> < <i>seur</i> (gainean), <i>dîner</i> < <i>disner</i> (<a href="/wiki/Afari" title="Afari">afari</a>). Hedaduraz, homofonoen arteko desberdintasuna ere marka dezake: <i>du</i> (<i>de</i> preposizioa + <i>le</i> artikulua) eta <i>dû</i> (<i>devoir</i> aditzaren <a href="/wiki/Partizipio" title="Partizipio">partizipioa</a>).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dieresi_(hizkuntzalaritza)" title="Dieresi (hizkuntzalaritza)">Dieresia</a> (<i>ë, ï</i>): normalean <a href="/wiki/Diptongo" title="Diptongo">diptongoa</a> eratzen duen bokal bat <a href="/wiki/Hiato" title="Hiato">hiatoan</a> dagoela adierazten du: <i>naïve</i>, <i>Noël</i>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%87" title="Ç">Ze hautsia</a> (<i>ç</i>): c letra hutsa izanda /k/ soinuaz ahoskatuko litzatekeena /s/ ahoskatzen dela adierazten du (<i>façade</i>, <i>façon, reçu</i>).</li></ul> <p>Frantsesez nahitaezkoa da azentua idaztea <a href="/wiki/Letra_larri" title="Letra larri">letra larrietan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Idazkera hutsa denez, <i>œ</i> lotura <i>oe</i> bokalen hautazko laburdura baino ez da, esanahi berezirik gabekoa, latinezko grafiarekin bat datorrena, besterik gabe (<i>bœuf, sœur, œuvre, mœurs, œil, cœur, chœur</i>). </p><p>1990ean, Frantsesaren Kontseilu Gorenak<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> gomendio batzuk eman zituen frantsesaren ortografia eraldatzeko. <a href="/wiki/Frantses_Akademia" title="Frantses Akademia">Frantses Akademiak</a> adierazi zuen gomendio berriak ez zirela aurreko sistema baino hobeak. 2007an, Frantziako Hezkuntza Nazionaleko Ministerioak dokumentu bat argitaratu zuen, <a href="/wiki/Lehen_hezkuntza" title="Lehen hezkuntza">lehen hezkuntzako</a> irakasleei eskatuz ortografia berrituaren arabera irakasteko hizkuntza.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Frantses_gramatikaren_ezaugarri_batzuk">Frantses gramatikaren ezaugarri batzuk</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frantses&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Frantses gramatikaren ezaugarri batzuk»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frantses&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section's source code: Frantses gramatikaren ezaugarri batzuk"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Frantsesaren hitz aldagarriak dira <a href="/wiki/Izen_arrunt" title="Izen arrunt">izena</a>, <a href="/wiki/Determinatzaile_(gramatika)" title="Determinatzaile (gramatika)">determinatzaileak</a>, <a href="/wiki/Adjektibo" title="Adjektibo">adjektiboak</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Aditz" title="Aditz">aditzak</a>. Esaldiaren hurrenkera kanonikoa da subjektua-aditza-objektua; hau da, SVO hizkuntza bat da, euskara ez bezala,<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> eta <a href="/wiki/Aditz" title="Aditz">aditzak</a>, nukleoa egiten duenak, gainerako elementuen <a href="/wiki/Komunztadura" title="Komunztadura">komunztadura</a> markatzen du.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Osagarri zuzena izenordain atono batek ordezten duenean, ordea, aditzaren aurrera pasatzen da (<i>elle mange la pomme</i> > <i>elle la mange</i>). Subjektua nahitaez agertu behar da beti, eta esaldian subjektu ezagunik ez dagoenean forma <a href="/w/index.php?title=Espletibo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Espletibo (sortu gabe)">espletiboren</a> bat jarri behar da (<i>on</i> edo <i>il</i> bezala).<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ezezko esaldiak osatzeko, <i>ne</i> adberbioa erabiltzen da <i>pas</i> batez indartua (<i>elle ne vien pas</i>). </p><p><a href="/wiki/Hizkuntza_erromantzeak" title="Hizkuntza erromantzeak">Hizkuntza erromantze</a> gehienek bezala, bi <a href="/wiki/Genero_gramatikal" title="Genero gramatikal">genero gramatikal</a> bereizten ditu (maskulinoa eta femeninoa), eta latinezko erakusleetatik eratorritako artikuluak ditu.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Frantsesak ez dauka <a href="/wiki/Deklinabide_(gramatika)" title="Deklinabide (gramatika)">deklinabiderik</a>, baina latinaren kasu arrastoak geratzen dira izenordainen forma batzuetan (adibidez, <a href="/wiki/Izenordain" title="Izenordain">izenordain</a> tonikoa <i>moi</i> eta atonoa <i>je</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Frantsesez <i>en</i> eta <i>y</i> izenordainak erabiltzen dira, beste hizkuntza erromantze batzuetan bezala (adibidez, <a href="/wiki/Katalan" title="Katalan">katalana</a>). Funtsean, <i>en</i> izenordainak ordezten ditu <i>de</i> preposizioa aurretik duten hitzak edo harekin osatzen diren aditzak; eta <i>y</i> izenordainak ordezten ditu lekuzko osagarriak<i>, à</i> preposizioa aurretik duten hitzak eta harekin osatzen diren aditzak.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Aditzaren barruan, modu <a href="/w/index.php?title=Indikatibo_(gramatika)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Indikatibo (gramatika) (sortu gabe)">indikatiboko</a> <i>passé composé</i> deitutako forman, bi aditz izan daitezke <a href="/wiki/Aditz_laguntzaile" title="Aditz laguntzaile">aditz laguntzaile</a> ―beste hizkuntza erromantzetan ez bezala, adibidez <a href="/wiki/Gaztelania" title="Gaztelania">gaztelania</a> edo <a href="/wiki/Katalan" title="Katalan">katalana</a>―; gehienetan <i>avoir</i> da laguntzaile, baina <i>être</i> erabili behar da aditz pronominaletan (<i>s'appeler</i>, <i>se laver</i> eta gisakoak) eta mugimenduko 13 aditz intrantsitiboetan. Ezezkoetan, <i>ne</i> eta <i>pas</i> <a href="/wiki/Adberbio" title="Adberbio">adberbioak</a> aditz laguntzailearen ezker-eskuin ipini behar dira (<i>elle n'est pas venu</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Hiztegia">Hiztegia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frantses&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Hiztegia»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frantses&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section's source code: Hiztegia"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Frantses hitz gehienak <a href="/wiki/Latin_arrunt" title="Latin arrunt">latin arruntetik</a> eratorriak dira, edo <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">latinezko</a> edo <a href="/wiki/Antzinako_greziera" title="Antzinako greziera">grekozko</a> sustraietatik abiatuta eraiki ziren. Kasu askotan, erro etimologiko bakar batek bi emaitza sortu ditu: «herritar» edo jatorrizko bat, latin arruntetik bilakatua, eta «ikasi» edo landuago bat, latin klasikotik hartua. Bikote hauetan, izen jatorrizko bat eta adjektibo kultu bat dago: </p> <ul><li>anaia: <i>frère</i> / <i>fraternel,</i> latinez <i>frater</i> / <i>fraternalis</i></li> <li>hatz: <i>doigt</i> / <i>digital</i>, latinez <i>digitus</i> / <i>digitalis</i></li> <li>fede: <i>foi</i> / <i>fidèle</i>, latinez <i>fides</i> / <i>fidelis</i></li> <li>begi: <i>oculus</i> / <i>oculaire</i>, latinez <i>oculus / ocularis</i></li></ul> <p>Izen eta adjektibo bikoteak ere badaude: </p> <ul><li>gauza: <i>chose</i> / <i>cause</i>, latinez <i>causa</i></li> <li>hotz: <i>froid</i> / <i>frigide</i>, latinez <i>frigidum</i></li></ul> <p>Zaila izan daiteke hitz frantsesen jatorri latinoa identifikatzea, zeren eta, <a href="/wiki/Latin_arrunt" title="Latin arrunt">latin arruntaren</a> bilakaeran, silaba atono asko murriztu baitziren, eta gainerako bokalak edo kontsonanteak nabarmen aldatu. </p><p>Berrikiago, <a href="/wiki/Frantzia" title="Frantzia">Frantziako</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Quebec" title="Quebec">Quebeceko</a> akademien hizkuntza politika izan da frantsesezko baliokideak ematea maileguzko hitzen ordez (batez ere ingelesetik hartutako <a href="/wiki/Mailegu_(hizkuntzalaritza)" title="Mailegu (hizkuntzalaritza)">maileguen</a> ordez), lehendik baziren hitzen esanahia zabalduz edo hitz berriak sortuz, frantsesaren arau morfologikoak jarraituta.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Emaitza, sarritan, izan da fenomeno bera deskribatzeko bi hitz (edo gehiago) egotea, frantses <a href="/wiki/Neologia" title="Neologia">neologismoaren</a> arrakastaren arabera: </p> <ul><li><i>mercatique</i> / <i>marketing</i></li> <li><i>finance</i> <i>fantôme</i> / <i>shadow</i> <i>banking</i></li> <li><i>bloc-notes</i> / <i>blog</i></li> <li><i>ailière</i> / <i>wingsuit</i></li> <li><i>tiers-lieu</i> / <i>coworking</i></li></ul> <p>Kasu batzuetan, baina, neologismo berria guztiz finkatzea lortu dute (adibide deigarriena, <i>logiciel</i>, ez <a href="/wiki/Software" title="Software">software</a>; <i>matériel</i>, ez <a href="/wiki/Hardware" title="Hardware">hardware</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Begi neurriz esan daiteke <a href="/wiki/Hiztegi" title="Hiztegi">hiztegi</a> txiki batean egon ohi diren 35.000 bat frantses hitz arrunten % 12 beste hizkuntzetatik hartuak direla (grezieratik eta latinetik hartutako hitzak ez dira, noski, aintzat hartzen). Taula honetan agertzen dira frantsesaren oinarrizko hiztegiak dituen maileguen jatorria:<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3">Frantsesaren oinarrizko hiztegia <p>35.000 hitz </p> </th></tr> <tr> <th>jatorria </th> <th>kopurua </th> <th>ehunekoa </th></tr> <tr> <td><b>maileguak, guztira</b> </td> <td align="right"><b>4210</b> </td> <td align="right"><b>12,0</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ingelesa" class="mw-redirect" title="Ingelesa">ingelesa</a> </td> <td align="right">1054 </td> <td align="right">25,0 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Italiera" title="Italiera">italiera</a> </td> <td align="right">707 </td> <td align="right">16,8 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Germaniar_hizkuntzak" title="Germaniar hizkuntzak">germaniar hizkuntzak</a> </td> <td align="right">550 </td> <td align="right">13,1 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Frankoproventzala" class="mw-redirect" title="Frankoproventzala">frankoproventzala</a> </td> <td align="right">481 </td> <td align="right">11,4 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Arabiera" title="Arabiera">arabiera</a> </td> <td align="right">215 </td> <td align="right">5,1 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Alemana" class="mw-redirect" title="Alemana">alemana</a> </td> <td align="right">164 </td> <td align="right">3,9 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Hizkuntza_zeltak" title="Hizkuntza zeltak">hizkuntza zeltak</a> </td> <td align="right">160 </td> <td align="right">3,8 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Gaztelania" title="Gaztelania">gaztelania</a> </td> <td align="right">159 </td> <td align="right">3,8 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Nederlandera" title="Nederlandera">nederlandera</a> </td> <td align="right">153 </td> <td align="right">3,6 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Persiera" title="Persiera">persiera</a> </td> <td align="right">112 </td> <td align="right">2,7 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Amerindiar" title="Amerindiar">hizkuntza amerindiarrak</a> </td> <td align="right">101 </td> <td align="right">2,4 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Asia" title="Asia">asiar hizkuntzak</a> </td> <td align="right">89 </td> <td align="right">2,1 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Afro-asiar_hizkuntzak" title="Afro-asiar hizkuntzak">afro-asiar hizkuntzak</a> </td> <td align="right">56 </td> <td align="right">1,3 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Eslaviar_hizkuntzak" title="Eslaviar hizkuntzak">eslaviar hizkuntzak</a> </td> <td align="right">55 </td> <td align="right">1,3 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Euskara" title="Euskara">euskara</a> </td> <td align="right">10 </td> <td align="right">0,2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>besterik </td> <td align="right">144 </td> <td align="right">3,4 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Zenbakiak">Zenbakiak</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frantses&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Zenbakiak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frantses&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section's source code: Zenbakiak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Frantses <a href="/wiki/Zenbaketa" title="Zenbaketa">zenbaketa</a> sistema hein batean <a href="/wiki/Zenbaki-sistema_hogeitar" title="Zenbaki-sistema hogeitar">hogeitarra</a> da: <a href="/wiki/Hogei" title="Hogei">hogei</a> (<i>vingt</i>) oinarri zenbaki gisa erabiltzen da 60tik 99ra bitarteko zenbakien izenetan. Erreferentzia gisa, euskaraz <a href="/wiki/Zenbaki-sistema_hogeitar" title="Zenbaki-sistema hogeitar">zenbaki sistema hogeitar</a> zorrotz erabiltzen da. </p><p>Hamarrekoak markatzen dituzten izenak bereziak dira 60 arte (<i>dix</i>, <i>vingt</i>, <i>trente</i>, <i>quarante</i>, <i>cinquante</i> eta <i>soixante</i>). Hortik aurrera, sistema hogeitarrera pasatzen da: 75 zenbakia <i>soixante-quinze</i> esaten da, hau da, «hirurogei-hamabost» edo hirurogeita hamabost; 80 zenbakia <i>quatre-vingts</i> esaten da, euskararen gisara, hau da, «lau-hogei» edo laurogei, eta 98, adibidez, <i>quatre-vingts-dix-huit</i>, «lau-hogei-hamazortzi» edo laurogeita hamazortzi. Zenbaketa sistema hori <a href="/wiki/Frantziako_Iraultza" title="Frantziako Iraultza">Frantziako Iraultzaren</a> ondoren ezarri zen, zenbaketa sistemak desberdinak bateratzeko, nagusiki hogeitarrak baitziren, <a href="/wiki/Hizkuntza_zeltak" title="Hizkuntza zeltak">hizkuntza zeltikoen</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bretainiera" title="Bretainiera">bretainieraren</a> bidez) eta <a href="/wiki/Bikingo" title="Bikingo">bikingoen</a> eraginez. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Antzinako_frantses" title="Antzinako frantses">Antzinako frantsesean</a> (<a href="/wiki/Erdi_Aroa" title="Erdi Aroa">Erdi Aroan</a>), 30-99 bitarteko zenbaki guztiak 10eko oinarriaren edo 20ko oinarriaren arabera esan zitezkeen: 32 esateko, <i>vint et doze</i> (euskaraz bezala, «hogei eta hamabi»); 50 esateko, <i>dous vinz et diz</i> («bi hogei eta hamar»), 80 esateko <i>uitante</i> edo 90 <i>nonante</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sistema estandar hori alda daiteke, dena dela, frantses modernoaren aldaera batzuetan, bereziki <a href="/wiki/Suitza" title="Suitza">Suitzan</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Belgika" title="Belgika">Belgikan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Maiz_erabiltzen_diren_hitz_edo_esaldiak">Maiz erabiltzen diren hitz edo esaldiak</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frantses&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Maiz erabiltzen diren hitz edo esaldiak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frantses&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section's source code: Maiz erabiltzen diren hitz edo esaldiak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Euskara </th> <th>Frantsesa </th> <th>Quebeceko azentua </th> <th>Tours-eko azentua </th></tr> <tr> <td>Frantsesa </td> <td><i>Français</i> (jendea) edo <i>français</i> (hizkuntza) </td> <td><span class="IPA audiolink nounderlines" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b9/Qc-fran%C3%A7ais.ogg" class="internal" title="Qc-français.ogg">[fʁ̥ãsɛ]</a></span> <p><span class="metadata audiolinkinfo"><small>(<a href="/wiki/Audio" title="Audio">Audio</a>·<a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Qc-fran%C3%A7ais.ogg" title="Fitxategi:Qc-français.ogg">info</a>)</small></span> </p> </td> <td><span class="IPA audiolink nounderlines" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6b/Fr-Fran%C3%A7ais.oga" class="internal" title="Fr-Français.oga">[fʁ̥ɒ̃sɛ]</a></span> <p><span class="metadata audiolinkinfo"><small>(<a href="/wiki/Audio" title="Audio">Audio</a>·<a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Fr-Fran%C3%A7ais.oga" title="Fitxategi:Fr-Français.oga">info</a>)</small></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Bai </td> <td><i>Oui</i> </td> <td><span class="IPA audiolink nounderlines" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/14/Qc-oui_ouais_ouin.ogg" class="internal" title="Qc-oui ouais ouin.ogg">[wi]</a></span> <p><span class="metadata audiolinkinfo"><small>(<a href="/wiki/Audio" title="Audio">Audio</a>·<a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Qc-oui_ouais_ouin.ogg" title="Fitxategi:Qc-oui ouais ouin.ogg">info</a>)</small></span> </p> </td> <td><span class="IPA audiolink nounderlines" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bb/Fr-Oui.oga" class="internal" title="Fr-Oui.oga">[wi]</a></span> <p><span class="metadata audiolinkinfo"><small>(<a href="/wiki/Audio" title="Audio">Audio</a>·<a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Fr-Oui.oga" title="Fitxategi:Fr-Oui.oga">info</a>)</small></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ez </td> <td><i>Non</i> </td> <td><span class="IPA audiolink nounderlines" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/28/Fr-non-2.oga" class="internal" title="Fr-non-2.oga">[nõ]</a></span> <p><span class="metadata audiolinkinfo"><small>(<a href="/wiki/Audio" title="Audio">Audio</a>·<a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Fr-non-2.oga" title="Fitxategi:Fr-non-2.oga">info</a>)</small></span> </p> </td> <td><span class="IPA audiolink nounderlines" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/20/Fr-Non.oga" class="internal" title="Fr-Non.oga">[nɔ̃]</a></span> <p><span class="metadata audiolinkinfo"><small>(<a href="/wiki/Audio" title="Audio">Audio</a>·<a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Fr-Non.oga" title="Fitxategi:Fr-Non.oga">info</a>)</small></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Egun on! Kaixo! </td> <td><i>Bonjour </i>! (formala) edo <i>salut </i>! (informala) edo <i>Allô</i> (Quebeceko frantsesa edo telefonoari erantzuten zaionean) </td> <td><span title="Hau ahoskeraren IPA edo NAF transkripzio fonetikoa da. Ikusi Nazioarteko Alfabeto Fonetikoa." class="IPA" id="IPA" style="white-space: nowrap; font-family:'Chrysanthi Unicode', 'Doulos SIL', 'Gentium', 'GentiumAlt', 'Code2000', 'TITUS Cyberbit Basic', 'DejaVu Sans', 'Bitstream Vera Sans', 'Bitstream Cyberbit', 'Arial Unicode MS', 'Lucida Sans Unicode', 'Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro', 'Matrix Unicode'; font-family :inherit; text-decoration: none"><a href="/wiki/Nazioarteko_Alfabeto_Fonetikoa" title="Nazioarteko Alfabeto Fonetikoa">[bõʒuːʁ]</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA audiolink nounderlines" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b9/Fr-BonjourF.oga" class="internal" title="Fr-BonjourF.oga">[bɔ̃ʒuʁ]</a></span> <p><span class="metadata audiolinkinfo"><small>(<a href="/wiki/Audio" title="Audio">Audio</a>·<a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Fr-BonjourF.oga" title="Fitxategi:Fr-BonjourF.oga">info</a>)</small></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Arrasti on! </td> <td><i>Bonsoir !</i> </td> <td><span title="Hau ahoskeraren IPA edo NAF transkripzio fonetikoa da. Ikusi Nazioarteko Alfabeto Fonetikoa." class="IPA" id="IPA" style="white-space: nowrap; font-family:'Chrysanthi Unicode', 'Doulos SIL', 'Gentium', 'GentiumAlt', 'Code2000', 'TITUS Cyberbit Basic', 'DejaVu Sans', 'Bitstream Vera Sans', 'Bitstream Cyberbit', 'Arial Unicode MS', 'Lucida Sans Unicode', 'Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro', 'Matrix Unicode'; font-family :inherit; text-decoration: none"><a href="/wiki/Nazioarteko_Alfabeto_Fonetikoa" title="Nazioarteko Alfabeto Fonetikoa">[bõswɑːʁ]</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA audiolink nounderlines" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/29/Fr-BonsoirF.oga" class="internal" title="Fr-BonsoirF.oga">[bõswaʁ]</a></span> <p><span class="metadata audiolinkinfo"><small>(<a href="/wiki/Audio" title="Audio">Audio</a>·<a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Fr-BonsoirF.oga" title="Fitxategi:Fr-BonsoirF.oga">info</a>)</small></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Gabon! </td> <td><i>Bonne nuit !</i> </td> <td><span title="Hau ahoskeraren IPA edo NAF transkripzio fonetikoa da. Ikusi Nazioarteko Alfabeto Fonetikoa." class="IPA" id="IPA" style="white-space: nowrap; font-family:'Chrysanthi Unicode', 'Doulos SIL', 'Gentium', 'GentiumAlt', 'Code2000', 'TITUS Cyberbit Basic', 'DejaVu Sans', 'Bitstream Vera Sans', 'Bitstream Cyberbit', 'Arial Unicode MS', 'Lucida Sans Unicode', 'Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro', 'Matrix Unicode'; font-family :inherit; text-decoration: none"><a href="/wiki/Nazioarteko_Alfabeto_Fonetikoa" title="Nazioarteko Alfabeto Fonetikoa">[bɔn nɥi]</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA audiolink nounderlines" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f9/Fr-Bonne_nuit_2.oga" class="internal" title="Fr-Bonne nuit 2.oga">[bʌn nɥi]</a></span> <p><span class="metadata audiolinkinfo"><small>(<a href="/wiki/Audio" title="Audio">Audio</a>·<a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Fr-Bonne_nuit_2.oga" title="Fitxategi:Fr-Bonne nuit 2.oga">info</a>)</small></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ikusi arte! </td> <td><i>Au revoir !</i> </td> <td><span class="IPA audiolink nounderlines" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7a/Qc-Au_revoir.oga" class="internal" title="Qc-Au revoir.oga">[ɔʁvwɑːʁ]</a></span> <p><span class="metadata audiolinkinfo"><small>(<a href="/wiki/Audio" title="Audio">Audio</a>·<a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Qc-Au_revoir.oga" title="Fitxategi:Qc-Au revoir.oga">info</a>)</small></span> </p> </td> <td><span class="IPA audiolink nounderlines" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/12/Fr-Au_revoir.oga" class="internal" title="Fr-Au revoir.oga">[oʁ(ø)vwaʁ]</a></span> <p><span class="metadata audiolinkinfo"><small>(<a href="/wiki/Audio" title="Audio">Audio</a>·<a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Fr-Au_revoir.oga" title="Fitxategi:Fr-Au revoir.oga">info</a>)</small></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Egun ona izan! </td> <td><i>Bonne journée !</i> </td> <td><span class="IPA audiolink nounderlines" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e7/Fr-Bonne_journ%C3%A9e.oga" class="internal" title="Fr-Bonne journée.oga">[bɔn ʒuʁne]</a></span> <p><span class="metadata audiolinkinfo"><small>(<a href="/wiki/Audio" title="Audio">Audio</a>·<a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Fr-Bonne_journ%C3%A9e.oga" title="Fitxategi:Fr-Bonne journée.oga">info</a>)</small></span> </p> </td> <td><span class="IPA audiolink nounderlines" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/58/Fr-Bonne_journ%C3%A9e_2.oga" class="internal" title="Fr-Bonne journée 2.oga">[bʌn ʒuʁne]</a></span> <p><span class="metadata audiolinkinfo"><small>(<a href="/wiki/Audio" title="Audio">Audio</a>·<a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Fr-Bonne_journ%C3%A9e_2.oga" title="Fitxategi:Fr-Bonne journée 2.oga">info</a>)</small></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Mesedez </td> <td><i>S'il vous plaît</i> (formala) edo <i>s'il te plaît</i> (informala) </td> <td><span class="IPA audiolink nounderlines" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d3/Qc-s%27il_vous_pla%C3%AEt.ogg" class="internal" title="Qc-s'il vous plaît.ogg">[sɪl vu plɛ]</a></span> <p><span class="metadata audiolinkinfo"><small>(<a href="/wiki/Audio" title="Audio">Audio</a>·<a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Qc-s%27il_vous_pla%C3%AEt.ogg" title="Fitxategi:Qc-s'il vous plaît.ogg">info</a>)</small></span> </p> </td> <td><span class="IPA audiolink nounderlines" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/14/Fr-S%27il_vous_plait.oga" class="internal" title="Fr-S'il vous plait.oga">[sil vu plɛ]</a></span> <p><span class="metadata audiolinkinfo"><small>(<a href="/wiki/Audio" title="Audio">Audio</a>·<a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Fr-S%27il_vous_plait.oga" title="Fitxategi:Fr-S'il vous plait.oga">info</a>)</small></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Eskerrik asko </td> <td><i>Merci</i> </td> <td><span title="Hau ahoskeraren IPA edo NAF transkripzio fonetikoa da. Ikusi Nazioarteko Alfabeto Fonetikoa." class="IPA" id="IPA" style="white-space: nowrap; font-family:'Chrysanthi Unicode', 'Doulos SIL', 'Gentium', 'GentiumAlt', 'Code2000', 'TITUS Cyberbit Basic', 'DejaVu Sans', 'Bitstream Vera Sans', 'Bitstream Cyberbit', 'Arial Unicode MS', 'Lucida Sans Unicode', 'Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro', 'Matrix Unicode'; font-family :inherit; text-decoration: none"><a href="/wiki/Nazioarteko_Alfabeto_Fonetikoa" title="Nazioarteko Alfabeto Fonetikoa">[mɛʁsi]</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA audiolink nounderlines" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fa/Fr-Merci_2.oga" class="internal" title="Fr-Merci 2.oga">[mɛʁ̥si]</a></span> <p><span class="metadata audiolinkinfo"><small>(<a href="/wiki/Audio" title="Audio">Audio</a>·<a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Fr-Merci_2.oga" title="Fitxategi:Fr-Merci 2.oga">info</a>)</small></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ez horregatik </td> <td><i>De rien</i> (informala) edo (<i>il n'y a</i>) <i>pas de quoi</i>; <i>ce n'est rien</i> (informala) («hori ez da ezer»); <i>je vous en prie</i> (formala), <i>je t'en prie</i> (informala) edo <i>bienvenue</i> (Quebec) </td> <td><span title="Hau ahoskeraren IPA edo NAF transkripzio fonetikoa da. Ikusi Nazioarteko Alfabeto Fonetikoa." class="IPA" id="IPA" style="white-space: nowrap; font-family:'Chrysanthi Unicode', 'Doulos SIL', 'Gentium', 'GentiumAlt', 'Code2000', 'TITUS Cyberbit Basic', 'DejaVu Sans', 'Bitstream Vera Sans', 'Bitstream Cyberbit', 'Arial Unicode MS', 'Lucida Sans Unicode', 'Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro', 'Matrix Unicode'; font-family :inherit; text-decoration: none"><a href="/wiki/Nazioarteko_Alfabeto_Fonetikoa" title="Nazioarteko Alfabeto Fonetikoa">[də ʁjẽ]</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA audiolink nounderlines" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/df/Fr-de_rien-fr-Paris.ogg" class="internal" title="Fr-de rien-fr-Paris.ogg">[dœ ʁjæ̃]</a></span> <p><span class="metadata audiolinkinfo"><small>(<a href="/wiki/Audio" title="Audio">Audio</a>·<a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Fr-de_rien-fr-Paris.ogg" title="Fitxategi:Fr-de rien-fr-Paris.ogg">info</a>)</small></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Barka, barkatu </td> <td><i>Pardon</i>, <i>désolé(e)</i> edo <i>je suis désolé</i> (gizonezkoak), <i>je suis désolée</i> (emakumezkoak), edo <i>excuse-moi</i> (informala), <i>excusez-moi</i> (formala), edo <i>je regrette</i> </td> <td><span class="IPA audiolink nounderlines" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/93/Qc-pardon.ogg" class="internal" title="Qc-pardon.ogg">[paʁdɒ̃]</a></span> <p><span class="metadata audiolinkinfo"><small>(<a href="/wiki/Audio" title="Audio">Audio</a>·<a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Qc-pardon.ogg" title="Fitxategi:Qc-pardon.ogg">info</a>)</small></span> / <span class="IPA audiolink nounderlines" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8c/Qc-d%C3%A9sol%C3%A9.ogg" class="internal" title="Qc-désolé.ogg">[dezɔle]</a></span> <span class="metadata audiolinkinfo"><small>(<a href="/wiki/Audio" title="Audio">Audio</a>·<a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Qc-d%C3%A9sol%C3%A9.ogg" title="Fitxategi:Qc-désolé.ogg">info</a>)</small></span> </p> </td> <td><span class="IPA audiolink nounderlines" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/87/Fr-Pardon.oga" class="internal" title="Fr-Pardon.oga">[paʁdõ]</a></span> <p><span class="metadata audiolinkinfo"><small>(<a href="/wiki/Audio" title="Audio">Audio</a>·<a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Fr-Pardon.oga" title="Fitxategi:Fr-Pardon.oga">info</a>)</small></span> / <span class="IPA audiolink nounderlines" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f0/Fr-d%C3%A9sol%C3%A9.ogg" class="internal" title="Fr-désolé.ogg">[dezɔle]</a></span> <span class="metadata audiolinkinfo"><small>(<a href="/wiki/Audio" title="Audio">Audio</a>·<a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Fr-d%C3%A9sol%C3%A9.ogg" title="Fitxategi:Fr-désolé.ogg">info</a>)</small></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Nor? </td> <td><i>Qui ?</i> </td> <td><span class="IPA audiolink nounderlines" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/45/Fr-Qui_2.oga" class="internal" title="Fr-Qui 2.oga">[ki]</a></span> <p><span class="metadata audiolinkinfo"><small>(<a href="/wiki/Audio" title="Audio">Audio</a>·<a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Fr-Qui_2.oga" title="Fitxategi:Fr-Qui 2.oga">info</a>)</small></span> </p> </td> <td><span class="IPA audiolink nounderlines" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8c/Fr-Qui.oga" class="internal" title="Fr-Qui.oga">[ki]</a></span> <p><span class="metadata audiolinkinfo"><small>(<a href="/wiki/Audio" title="Audio">Audio</a>·<a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Fr-Qui.oga" title="Fitxategi:Fr-Qui.oga">info</a>)</small></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Zer? </td> <td><i>Quoi ?</i> (informala) edo <i>Pardon ?</i> (formala) </td> <td><span title="Hau ahoskeraren IPA edo NAF transkripzio fonetikoa da. Ikusi Nazioarteko Alfabeto Fonetikoa." class="IPA" id="IPA" style="white-space: nowrap; font-family:'Chrysanthi Unicode', 'Doulos SIL', 'Gentium', 'GentiumAlt', 'Code2000', 'TITUS Cyberbit Basic', 'DejaVu Sans', 'Bitstream Vera Sans', 'Bitstream Cyberbit', 'Arial Unicode MS', 'Lucida Sans Unicode', 'Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro', 'Matrix Unicode'; font-family :inherit; text-decoration: none"><a href="/wiki/Nazioarteko_Alfabeto_Fonetikoa" title="Nazioarteko Alfabeto Fonetikoa">[kwa]</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA audiolink nounderlines" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3f/Fr-quoi.oga" class="internal" title="Fr-quoi.oga">[kwa]</a></span> <p><span class="metadata audiolinkinfo"><small>(<a href="/wiki/Audio" title="Audio">Audio</a>·<a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Fr-quoi.oga" title="Fitxategi:Fr-quoi.oga">info</a>)</small></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Noiz? </td> <td><i>Quand </i>? </td> <td><span class="IPA audiolink nounderlines" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e8/Qc-quand.oga" class="internal" title="Qc-quand.oga">[kæ̃]</a></span> <p><span class="metadata audiolinkinfo"><small>(<a href="/wiki/Audio" title="Audio">Audio</a>·<a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Qc-quand.oga" title="Fitxategi:Qc-quand.oga">info</a>)</small></span> </p> </td> <td><span class="IPA audiolink nounderlines" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/12/Fr-Quand.oga" class="internal" title="Fr-Quand.oga">[kɒ̃]</a></span> <p><span class="metadata audiolinkinfo"><small>(<a href="/wiki/Audio" title="Audio">Audio</a>·<a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Fr-Quand.oga" title="Fitxategi:Fr-Quand.oga">info</a>)</small></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Non? </td> <td><i>Oú ?</i> </td> <td><span title="Hau ahoskeraren IPA edo NAF transkripzio fonetikoa da. Ikusi Nazioarteko Alfabeto Fonetikoa." class="IPA" id="IPA" style="white-space: nowrap; font-family:'Chrysanthi Unicode', 'Doulos SIL', 'Gentium', 'GentiumAlt', 'Code2000', 'TITUS Cyberbit Basic', 'DejaVu Sans', 'Bitstream Vera Sans', 'Bitstream Cyberbit', 'Arial Unicode MS', 'Lucida Sans Unicode', 'Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro', 'Matrix Unicode'; font-family :inherit; text-decoration: none"><a href="/wiki/Nazioarteko_Alfabeto_Fonetikoa" title="Nazioarteko Alfabeto Fonetikoa">[u]</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA audiolink nounderlines" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/79/O%C3%B9.ogg" class="internal" title="Où.ogg">[u]</a></span> <p><span class="metadata audiolinkinfo"><small>(<a href="/wiki/Audio" title="Audio">Audio</a>·<a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:O%C3%B9.ogg" title="Fitxategi:Où.ogg">info</a>)</small></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Zergatik? </td> <td><i>Pourquoi ?</i> </td> <td><span class="IPA audiolink nounderlines" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/19/Pourquoi.ogg" class="internal" title="Pourquoi.ogg">[puʁ̥kwa]</a></span> <p><span class="metadata audiolinkinfo"><small>(<a href="/wiki/Audio" title="Audio">Audio</a>·<a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Pourquoi.ogg" title="Fitxategi:Pourquoi.ogg">info</a>)</small></span> </p> </td> <td><span class="IPA audiolink nounderlines" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/23/Fr-Pourquoi.oga" class="internal" title="Fr-Pourquoi.oga">[puʁ̥kwa]</a></span> <p><span class="metadata audiolinkinfo"><small>(<a href="/wiki/Audio" title="Audio">Audio</a>·<a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Fr-Pourquoi.oga" title="Fitxategi:Fr-Pourquoi.oga">info</a>)</small></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Nola deitzen zara?, Nola duzu izena? </td> <td><i>Comment vous appelez-vous?</i> (formala) edo <i>comment t'appelles-tu</i>? (informala) </td> <td><span title="Hau ahoskeraren IPA edo NAF transkripzio fonetikoa da. Ikusi Nazioarteko Alfabeto Fonetikoa." class="IPA" id="IPA" style="white-space: nowrap; font-family:'Chrysanthi Unicode', 'Doulos SIL', 'Gentium', 'GentiumAlt', 'Code2000', 'TITUS Cyberbit Basic', 'DejaVu Sans', 'Bitstream Vera Sans', 'Bitstream Cyberbit', 'Arial Unicode MS', 'Lucida Sans Unicode', 'Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro', 'Matrix Unicode'; font-family :inherit; text-decoration: none"><a href="/wiki/Nazioarteko_Alfabeto_Fonetikoa" title="Nazioarteko Alfabeto Fonetikoa">[kɔmã vu z‿aple vu]</a></span>, <span title="Hau ahoskeraren IPA edo NAF transkripzio fonetikoa da. Ikusi Nazioarteko Alfabeto Fonetikoa." class="IPA" id="IPA" style="white-space: nowrap; font-family:'Chrysanthi Unicode', 'Doulos SIL', 'Gentium', 'GentiumAlt', 'Code2000', 'TITUS Cyberbit Basic', 'DejaVu Sans', 'Bitstream Vera Sans', 'Bitstream Cyberbit', 'Arial Unicode MS', 'Lucida Sans Unicode', 'Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro', 'Matrix Unicode'; font-family :inherit; text-decoration: none"><a href="/wiki/Nazioarteko_Alfabeto_Fonetikoa" title="Nazioarteko Alfabeto Fonetikoa">[kɔmã t‿apɛl t͡sy]</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA audiolink nounderlines" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b7/Fr-comment_vous_appelez-vous.ogg" class="internal" title="Fr-comment vous appelez-vous.ogg">[kɔmɒ̃ vu z‿aple vu]</a></span> <p><span class="metadata audiolinkinfo"><small>(<a href="/wiki/Audio" title="Audio">Audio</a>·<a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Fr-comment_vous_appelez-vous.ogg" title="Fitxategi:Fr-comment vous appelez-vous.ogg">info</a>)</small></span>, <span class="IPA audiolink nounderlines" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b0/Fr-comment_t%27appelles-tu.ogg" class="internal" title="Fr-comment t'appelles-tu.ogg">[kɔmɒ̃ t‿apɛl ty]</a></span> <span class="metadata audiolinkinfo"><small>(<a href="/wiki/Audio" title="Audio">Audio</a>·<a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Fr-comment_t%27appelles-tu.ogg" title="Fitxategi:Fr-comment t'appelles-tu.ogg">info</a>)</small></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Deritzen naiz, izena dut... </td> <td><i>Je m'appelle...</i> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA audiolink nounderlines" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a7/Fr-je_m%27appelle.ogg" class="internal" title="Fr-je m'appelle.ogg">[ʒø mapɛl]</a></span> <p><span class="metadata audiolinkinfo"><small>(<a href="/wiki/Audio" title="Audio">Audio</a>·<a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Fr-je_m%27appelle.ogg" title="Fitxategi:Fr-je m'appelle.ogg">info</a>)</small></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Zein </td> <td><i>Quel, quels (maskulinoa,</i> pl.<i>); quelle</i> (femeninoa) </td> <td><span title="Hau ahoskeraren IPA edo NAF transkripzio fonetikoa da. Ikusi Nazioarteko Alfabeto Fonetikoa." class="IPA" id="IPA" style="white-space: nowrap; font-family:'Chrysanthi Unicode', 'Doulos SIL', 'Gentium', 'GentiumAlt', 'Code2000', 'TITUS Cyberbit Basic', 'DejaVu Sans', 'Bitstream Vera Sans', 'Bitstream Cyberbit', 'Arial Unicode MS', 'Lucida Sans Unicode', 'Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro', 'Matrix Unicode'; font-family :inherit; text-decoration: none"><a href="/wiki/Nazioarteko_Alfabeto_Fonetikoa" title="Nazioarteko Alfabeto Fonetikoa">[kɛl]</a></span> </td> <td><span title="Hau ahoskeraren IPA edo NAF transkripzio fonetikoa da. Ikusi Nazioarteko Alfabeto Fonetikoa." class="IPA" id="IPA" style="white-space: nowrap; font-family:'Chrysanthi Unicode', 'Doulos SIL', 'Gentium', 'GentiumAlt', 'Code2000', 'TITUS Cyberbit Basic', 'DejaVu Sans', 'Bitstream Vera Sans', 'Bitstream Cyberbit', 'Arial Unicode MS', 'Lucida Sans Unicode', 'Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro', 'Matrix Unicode'; font-family :inherit; text-decoration: none"><a href="/wiki/Nazioarteko_Alfabeto_Fonetikoa" title="Nazioarteko Alfabeto Fonetikoa">[kɛl]</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Zeren </td> <td><i>Parce que, car</i> </td> <td><span class="IPA audiolink nounderlines" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/71/Parce_que.ogg" class="internal" title="Parce que.ogg">[paʁ̥skœ]</a></span> <p><span class="metadata audiolinkinfo"><small>(<a href="/wiki/Audio" title="Audio">Audio</a>·<a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Parce_que.ogg" title="Fitxategi:Parce que.ogg">info</a>)</small></span> </p> </td> <td><span class="IPA audiolink nounderlines" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/58/Fr-Parce_que.ogg" class="internal" title="Fr-Parce que.ogg">[paʁ̥s(ø)kø]</a></span> <p><span class="metadata audiolinkinfo"><small>(<a href="/wiki/Audio" title="Audio">Audio</a>·<a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Fr-Parce_que.ogg" title="Fitxategi:Fr-Parce que.ogg">info</a>)</small></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Izan ere </td> <td><i>À cause de</i> </td> <td><span title="Hau ahoskeraren IPA edo NAF transkripzio fonetikoa da. Ikusi Nazioarteko Alfabeto Fonetikoa." class="IPA" id="IPA" style="white-space: nowrap; font-family:'Chrysanthi Unicode', 'Doulos SIL', 'Gentium', 'GentiumAlt', 'Code2000', 'TITUS Cyberbit Basic', 'DejaVu Sans', 'Bitstream Vera Sans', 'Bitstream Cyberbit', 'Arial Unicode MS', 'Lucida Sans Unicode', 'Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro', 'Matrix Unicode'; font-family :inherit; text-decoration: none"><a href="/wiki/Nazioarteko_Alfabeto_Fonetikoa" title="Nazioarteko Alfabeto Fonetikoa">[a kou̯z dœ]</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA audiolink nounderlines" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/29/Fr-%C3%A0_cause_de.ogg" class="internal" title="Fr-à cause de.ogg">[a koz dø]</a></span> <p><span class="metadata audiolinkinfo"><small>(<a href="/wiki/Audio" title="Audio">Audio</a>·<a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Fr-%C3%A0_cause_de.ogg" title="Fitxategi:Fr-à cause de.ogg">info</a>)</small></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Bada </td> <td><i>Donc</i> </td> <td><span title="Hau ahoskeraren IPA edo NAF transkripzio fonetikoa da. Ikusi Nazioarteko Alfabeto Fonetikoa." class="IPA" id="IPA" style="white-space: nowrap; font-family:'Chrysanthi Unicode', 'Doulos SIL', 'Gentium', 'GentiumAlt', 'Code2000', 'TITUS Cyberbit Basic', 'DejaVu Sans', 'Bitstream Vera Sans', 'Bitstream Cyberbit', 'Arial Unicode MS', 'Lucida Sans Unicode', 'Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro', 'Matrix Unicode'; font-family :inherit; text-decoration: none"><a href="/wiki/Nazioarteko_Alfabeto_Fonetikoa" title="Nazioarteko Alfabeto Fonetikoa">[dõːk]</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA audiolink nounderlines" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ef/Fr-donc.ogg" class="internal" title="Fr-donc.ogg">[dõk]</a></span> <p><span class="metadata audiolinkinfo"><small>(<a href="/wiki/Audio" title="Audio">Audio</a>·<a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Fr-donc.ogg" title="Fitxategi:Fr-donc.ogg">info</a>)</small></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Agian </td> <td><i>Peut-être</i> </td> <td><span class="IPA audiolink nounderlines" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/96/Qc-peut-%C3%AAtre.ogg" class="internal" title="Qc-peut-être.ogg">[pœt‿aɪ̯tʀ̥]</a></span> <p><span class="metadata audiolinkinfo"><small>(<a href="/wiki/Audio" title="Audio">Audio</a>·<a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Qc-peut-%C3%AAtre.ogg" title="Fitxategi:Qc-peut-être.ogg">info</a>)</small></span> </p> </td> <td><span class="IPA audiolink nounderlines" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a7/Fr-peut-%C3%AAtre.ogg" class="internal" title="Fr-peut-être.ogg">[pøt‿ɛtʁ̥]</a></span> <p><span class="metadata audiolinkinfo"><small>(<a href="/wiki/Audio" title="Audio">Audio</a>·<a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Fr-peut-%C3%AAtre.ogg" title="Fitxategi:Fr-peut-être.ogg">info</a>)</small></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Nola? </td> <td><i>Comment </i>? </td> <td><span title="Hau ahoskeraren IPA edo NAF transkripzio fonetikoa da. Ikusi Nazioarteko Alfabeto Fonetikoa." class="IPA" id="IPA" style="white-space: nowrap; font-family:'Chrysanthi Unicode', 'Doulos SIL', 'Gentium', 'GentiumAlt', 'Code2000', 'TITUS Cyberbit Basic', 'DejaVu Sans', 'Bitstream Vera Sans', 'Bitstream Cyberbit', 'Arial Unicode MS', 'Lucida Sans Unicode', 'Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro', 'Matrix Unicode'; font-family :inherit; text-decoration: none"><a href="/wiki/Nazioarteko_Alfabeto_Fonetikoa" title="Nazioarteko Alfabeto Fonetikoa">[kɔmã]</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA audiolink nounderlines" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/ba/Fr-Comment_2.oga" class="internal" title="Fr-Comment 2.oga">[kɔmɒ̃]</a></span> <p><span class="metadata audiolinkinfo"><small>(<a href="/wiki/Audio" title="Audio">Audio</a>·<a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Fr-Comment_2.oga" title="Fitxategi:Fr-Comment 2.oga">info</a>)</small></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Zenbat? </td> <td><i>Combien </i>? </td> <td><span title="Hau ahoskeraren IPA edo NAF transkripzio fonetikoa da. Ikusi Nazioarteko Alfabeto Fonetikoa." class="IPA" id="IPA" style="white-space: nowrap; font-family:'Chrysanthi Unicode', 'Doulos SIL', 'Gentium', 'GentiumAlt', 'Code2000', 'TITUS Cyberbit Basic', 'DejaVu Sans', 'Bitstream Vera Sans', 'Bitstream Cyberbit', 'Arial Unicode MS', 'Lucida Sans Unicode', 'Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro', 'Matrix Unicode'; font-family :inherit; text-decoration: none"><a href="/wiki/Nazioarteko_Alfabeto_Fonetikoa" title="Nazioarteko Alfabeto Fonetikoa">[kõbjẽ]</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA audiolink nounderlines" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/93/Fr-CombienF.oga" class="internal" title="Fr-CombienF.oga">[kõbjæ̃]</a></span> <p><span class="metadata audiolinkinfo"><small>(<a href="/wiki/Audio" title="Audio">Audio</a>·<a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Fr-CombienF.oga" title="Fitxategi:Fr-CombienF.oga">info</a>)</small></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ez dut ulertzen / ez dizut ulertzen </td> <td><i>Je ne comprends pas</i> </td> <td><span class="IPA audiolink nounderlines" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/57/Qc-je_ne_comprends_pas.oga" class="internal" title="Qc-je ne comprends pas.oga">[ʒœ nœ kõpʁ̥ã pɔ]</a></span> <p><span class="metadata audiolinkinfo"><small>(<a href="/wiki/Audio" title="Audio">Audio</a>·<a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Qc-je_ne_comprends_pas.oga" title="Fitxategi:Qc-je ne comprends pas.oga">info</a>)</small></span> </p> </td> <td><span class="IPA audiolink nounderlines" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0b/Fr-Je_ne_comprends_pas.oga" class="internal" title="Fr-Je ne comprends pas.oga">[ʒø nø kõpʁ̥ɒ̃ pa]</a></span> <p><span class="metadata audiolinkinfo"><small>(<a href="/wiki/Audio" title="Audio">Audio</a>·<a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Je_ne_comprends_pasF.ogg" title="Fitxategi:Je ne comprends pasF.ogg">info</a>)</small></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Bai, ulertzen dut </td> <td><i>Oui, je comprends.</i>Galdera ezezkoan egina bada, <i>si</i> erabiltzen da. </td> <td><span class="IPA audiolink nounderlines" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/69/Oui_je_comprends.ogg" class="internal" title="Oui je comprends.ogg">[wi ʒœ kõpʁ̥ã]</a></span> <p><span class="metadata audiolinkinfo"><small>(<a href="/wiki/Audio" title="Audio">Audio</a>·<a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Oui_je_comprends.ogg" title="Fitxategi:Oui je comprends.ogg">info</a>)</small></span> </p> </td> <td><span class="IPA audiolink nounderlines" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0b/Fr-Oui%2C_je_comprends.oga" class="internal" title="Fr-Oui, je comprends.oga">[wi ʒø kõpʁ̥ɒ̃]</a></span> <p><span class="metadata audiolinkinfo"><small>(<a href="/wiki/Audio" title="Audio">Audio</a>·<a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Fr-Oui,_je_comprends.oga" title="Fitxategi:Fr-Oui, je comprends.oga">info</a>)</small></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ados nago </td> <td><i>Je suis d'accord</i>, <i>d'accord</i> </td> <td><span title="Hau ahoskeraren IPA edo NAF transkripzio fonetikoa da. Ikusi Nazioarteko Alfabeto Fonetikoa." class="IPA" id="IPA" style="white-space: nowrap; font-family:'Chrysanthi Unicode', 'Doulos SIL', 'Gentium', 'GentiumAlt', 'Code2000', 'TITUS Cyberbit Basic', 'DejaVu Sans', 'Bitstream Vera Sans', 'Bitstream Cyberbit', 'Arial Unicode MS', 'Lucida Sans Unicode', 'Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro', 'Matrix Unicode'; font-family :inherit; text-decoration: none"><a href="/wiki/Nazioarteko_Alfabeto_Fonetikoa" title="Nazioarteko Alfabeto Fonetikoa">[ʒə sɥi dakɑɔ̯ʁ]</a></span> </td> <td><span title="Hau ahoskeraren IPA edo NAF transkripzio fonetikoa da. Ikusi Nazioarteko Alfabeto Fonetikoa." class="IPA" id="IPA" style="white-space: nowrap; font-family:'Chrysanthi Unicode', 'Doulos SIL', 'Gentium', 'GentiumAlt', 'Code2000', 'TITUS Cyberbit Basic', 'DejaVu Sans', 'Bitstream Vera Sans', 'Bitstream Cyberbit', 'Arial Unicode MS', 'Lucida Sans Unicode', 'Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro', 'Matrix Unicode'; font-family :inherit; text-decoration: none"><a href="/wiki/Nazioarteko_Alfabeto_Fonetikoa" title="Nazioarteko Alfabeto Fonetikoa">[ʒø sɥi dakɔʁ]</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Lagundu! </td> <td><i>Au secours ! à l'aide !</i> </td> <td><span class="IPA audiolink nounderlines" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/23/Fr-Au_secours.oga" class="internal" title="Fr-Au secours.oga">[o skuːʁ]</a></span> <p><span class="metadata audiolinkinfo"><small>(<a href="/wiki/Audio" title="Audio">Audio</a>·<a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Fr-Au_secours.oga" title="Fitxategi:Fr-Au secours.oga">info</a>)</small></span> </p> </td> <td><span class="IPA audiolink nounderlines" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/87/Fr-Au_secoursF.oga" class="internal" title="Fr-Au secoursF.oga">[o søkuːʁ]</a></span> <p><span class="metadata audiolinkinfo"><small>(<a href="/wiki/Audio" title="Audio">Audio</a>·<a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Fr-Au_secoursF.oga" title="Fitxategi:Fr-Au secoursF.oga">info</a>)</small></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Zer ordutan... </td> <td><i>À quelle heure ?</i> </td> <td><span title="Hau ahoskeraren IPA edo NAF transkripzio fonetikoa da. Ikusi Nazioarteko Alfabeto Fonetikoa." class="IPA" id="IPA" style="white-space: nowrap; font-family:'Chrysanthi Unicode', 'Doulos SIL', 'Gentium', 'GentiumAlt', 'Code2000', 'TITUS Cyberbit Basic', 'DejaVu Sans', 'Bitstream Vera Sans', 'Bitstream Cyberbit', 'Arial Unicode MS', 'Lucida Sans Unicode', 'Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro', 'Matrix Unicode'; font-family :inherit; text-decoration: none"><a href="/wiki/Nazioarteko_Alfabeto_Fonetikoa" title="Nazioarteko Alfabeto Fonetikoa">[a kɛl aœ̯ʁ]</a></span> </td> <td><span title="Hau ahoskeraren IPA edo NAF transkripzio fonetikoa da. Ikusi Nazioarteko Alfabeto Fonetikoa." class="IPA" id="IPA" style="white-space: nowrap; font-family:'Chrysanthi Unicode', 'Doulos SIL', 'Gentium', 'GentiumAlt', 'Code2000', 'TITUS Cyberbit Basic', 'DejaVu Sans', 'Bitstream Vera Sans', 'Bitstream Cyberbit', 'Arial Unicode MS', 'Lucida Sans Unicode', 'Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro', 'Matrix Unicode'; font-family :inherit; text-decoration: none"><a href="/wiki/Nazioarteko_Alfabeto_Fonetikoa" title="Nazioarteko Alfabeto Fonetikoa">[a kɛl œʁ]</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Gaur </td> <td><i>Aujourd'hui</i> </td> <td><span title="Hau ahoskeraren IPA edo NAF transkripzio fonetikoa da. Ikusi Nazioarteko Alfabeto Fonetikoa." class="IPA" id="IPA" style="white-space: nowrap; font-family:'Chrysanthi Unicode', 'Doulos SIL', 'Gentium', 'GentiumAlt', 'Code2000', 'TITUS Cyberbit Basic', 'DejaVu Sans', 'Bitstream Vera Sans', 'Bitstream Cyberbit', 'Arial Unicode MS', 'Lucida Sans Unicode', 'Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro', 'Matrix Unicode'; font-family :inherit; text-decoration: none"><a href="/wiki/Nazioarteko_Alfabeto_Fonetikoa" title="Nazioarteko Alfabeto Fonetikoa">[oʒuʁd͡zɥi]</a></span> </td> <td><span title="Hau ahoskeraren IPA edo NAF transkripzio fonetikoa da. Ikusi Nazioarteko Alfabeto Fonetikoa." class="IPA" id="IPA" style="white-space: nowrap; font-family:'Chrysanthi Unicode', 'Doulos SIL', 'Gentium', 'GentiumAlt', 'Code2000', 'TITUS Cyberbit Basic', 'DejaVu Sans', 'Bitstream Vera Sans', 'Bitstream Cyberbit', 'Arial Unicode MS', 'Lucida Sans Unicode', 'Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro', 'Matrix Unicode'; font-family :inherit; text-decoration: none"><a href="/wiki/Nazioarteko_Alfabeto_Fonetikoa" title="Nazioarteko Alfabeto Fonetikoa">[oʒuʁdɥi]</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Lagunduko didazu(e), mesedez? </td> <td><i>Pouvez-vous m’aider s’il vous plaît ?</i> <i>Pourriez-vous m’aider s’il vous plaît ?</i> (formal) edo <i>Peux-tu m’aider s’il te plaît ?</i> <i>Pourrais-tu m’aider s’il te plaît ?</i> (informala) </td> <td><span title="Hau ahoskeraren IPA edo NAF transkripzio fonetikoa da. Ikusi Nazioarteko Alfabeto Fonetikoa." class="IPA" id="IPA" style="white-space: nowrap; font-family:'Chrysanthi Unicode', 'Doulos SIL', 'Gentium', 'GentiumAlt', 'Code2000', 'TITUS Cyberbit Basic', 'DejaVu Sans', 'Bitstream Vera Sans', 'Bitstream Cyberbit', 'Arial Unicode MS', 'Lucida Sans Unicode', 'Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro', 'Matrix Unicode'; font-family :inherit; text-decoration: none"><a href="/wiki/Nazioarteko_Alfabeto_Fonetikoa" title="Nazioarteko Alfabeto Fonetikoa">[puve vu mɛːde sɪl vu plɛ]</a></span> </td> <td><span title="Hau ahoskeraren IPA edo NAF transkripzio fonetikoa da. Ikusi Nazioarteko Alfabeto Fonetikoa." class="IPA" id="IPA" style="white-space: nowrap; font-family:'Chrysanthi Unicode', 'Doulos SIL', 'Gentium', 'GentiumAlt', 'Code2000', 'TITUS Cyberbit Basic', 'DejaVu Sans', 'Bitstream Vera Sans', 'Bitstream Cyberbit', 'Arial Unicode MS', 'Lucida Sans Unicode', 'Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro', 'Matrix Unicode'; font-family :inherit; text-decoration: none"><a href="/wiki/Nazioarteko_Alfabeto_Fonetikoa" title="Nazioarteko Alfabeto Fonetikoa">[puve vu mede sil vu plɛ]</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Non dago komuna? </td> <td><i>Où sont les toilettes ?</i> </td> <td><span title="Hau ahoskeraren IPA edo NAF transkripzio fonetikoa da. Ikusi Nazioarteko Alfabeto Fonetikoa." class="IPA" id="IPA" style="white-space: nowrap; font-family:'Chrysanthi Unicode', 'Doulos SIL', 'Gentium', 'GentiumAlt', 'Code2000', 'TITUS Cyberbit Basic', 'DejaVu Sans', 'Bitstream Vera Sans', 'Bitstream Cyberbit', 'Arial Unicode MS', 'Lucida Sans Unicode', 'Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro', 'Matrix Unicode'; font-family :inherit; text-decoration: none"><a href="/wiki/Nazioarteko_Alfabeto_Fonetikoa" title="Nazioarteko Alfabeto Fonetikoa">[u sõ le twalɛt]</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA audiolink nounderlines" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/29/Fr-O%C3%B9_sont_les_toilettes.oga" class="internal" title="Fr-Où sont les toilettes.oga">[u sõ le twalɛt]</a></span> <p><span class="metadata audiolinkinfo"><small>(<a href="/wiki/Audio" title="Audio">Audio</a>·<a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Fr-O%C3%B9_sont_les_toilettes.oga" title="Fitxategi:Fr-Où sont les toilettes.oga">info</a>)</small></span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ez dut frantsesez hitz egiten </td> <td><i>Je ne parle pas français</i> </td> <td><span title="Hau ahoskeraren IPA edo NAF transkripzio fonetikoa da. Ikusi Nazioarteko Alfabeto Fonetikoa." class="IPA" id="IPA" style="white-space: nowrap; font-family:'Chrysanthi Unicode', 'Doulos SIL', 'Gentium', 'GentiumAlt', 'Code2000', 'TITUS Cyberbit Basic', 'DejaVu Sans', 'Bitstream Vera Sans', 'Bitstream Cyberbit', 'Arial Unicode MS', 'Lucida Sans Unicode', 'Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro', 'Matrix Unicode'; font-family :inherit; text-decoration: none"><a href="/wiki/Nazioarteko_Alfabeto_Fonetikoa" title="Nazioarteko Alfabeto Fonetikoa">[ʒœ nœ paʁl pɔ fʁãsɛ]</a></span> </td> <td><span title="Hau ahoskeraren IPA edo NAF transkripzio fonetikoa da. Ikusi Nazioarteko Alfabeto Fonetikoa." class="IPA" id="IPA" style="white-space: nowrap; font-family:'Chrysanthi Unicode', 'Doulos SIL', 'Gentium', 'GentiumAlt', 'Code2000', 'TITUS Cyberbit Basic', 'DejaVu Sans', 'Bitstream Vera Sans', 'Bitstream Cyberbit', 'Arial Unicode MS', 'Lucida Sans Unicode', 'Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro', 'Matrix Unicode'; font-family :inherit; text-decoration: none"><a href="/wiki/Nazioarteko_Alfabeto_Fonetikoa" title="Nazioarteko Alfabeto Fonetikoa">[ʒø nø paʁl pa fʁɒ̃sɛ]</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ez dakit </td> <td><i>Je ne sais pas</i> </td> <td><span class="IPA audiolink nounderlines" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/19/Qc-Je_sais_pas.ogg" class="internal" title="Qc-Je sais pas.ogg">[ʒœ se pɔ]</a></span> <p><span class="metadata audiolinkinfo"><small>(<a href="/wiki/Audio" title="Audio">Audio</a>·<a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Qc-Je_sais_pas.ogg" title="Fitxategi:Qc-Je sais pas.ogg">info</a>)</small></span> <br /><br /><br /><br /> <span title="Hau ahoskeraren IPA edo NAF transkripzio fonetikoa da. Ikusi Nazioarteko Alfabeto Fonetikoa." class="IPA" id="IPA" style="white-space: nowrap; font-family:'Chrysanthi Unicode', 'Doulos SIL', 'Gentium', 'GentiumAlt', 'Code2000', 'TITUS Cyberbit Basic', 'DejaVu Sans', 'Bitstream Vera Sans', 'Bitstream Cyberbit', 'Arial Unicode MS', 'Lucida Sans Unicode', 'Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro', 'Matrix Unicode'; font-family :inherit; text-decoration: none"><a href="/wiki/Nazioarteko_Alfabeto_Fonetikoa" title="Nazioarteko Alfabeto Fonetikoa">[ʒœ n(œ) se pɔ]</a></span> <br /><br /><br /><br /> <span title="Hau ahoskeraren IPA edo NAF transkripzio fonetikoa da. Ikusi Nazioarteko Alfabeto Fonetikoa." class="IPA" id="IPA" style="white-space: nowrap; font-family:'Chrysanthi Unicode', 'Doulos SIL', 'Gentium', 'GentiumAlt', 'Code2000', 'TITUS Cyberbit Basic', 'DejaVu Sans', 'Bitstream Vera Sans', 'Bitstream Cyberbit', 'Arial Unicode MS', 'Lucida Sans Unicode', 'Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro', 'Matrix Unicode'; font-family :inherit; text-decoration: none"><a href="/wiki/Nazioarteko_Alfabeto_Fonetikoa" title="Nazioarteko Alfabeto Fonetikoa">[ʒœ n(œ) se]</a></span> </p> </td> <td><span title="Hau ahoskeraren IPA edo NAF transkripzio fonetikoa da. Ikusi Nazioarteko Alfabeto Fonetikoa." class="IPA" id="IPA" style="white-space: nowrap; font-family:'Chrysanthi Unicode', 'Doulos SIL', 'Gentium', 'GentiumAlt', 'Code2000', 'TITUS Cyberbit Basic', 'DejaVu Sans', 'Bitstream Vera Sans', 'Bitstream Cyberbit', 'Arial Unicode MS', 'Lucida Sans Unicode', 'Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro', 'Matrix Unicode'; font-family :inherit; text-decoration: none"><a href="/wiki/Nazioarteko_Alfabeto_Fonetikoa" title="Nazioarteko Alfabeto Fonetikoa">[ʒø sɛ pa]</a></span> <br /><br /><br /><br /> <span title="Hau ahoskeraren IPA edo NAF transkripzio fonetikoa da. Ikusi Nazioarteko Alfabeto Fonetikoa." class="IPA" id="IPA" style="white-space: nowrap; font-family:'Chrysanthi Unicode', 'Doulos SIL', 'Gentium', 'GentiumAlt', 'Code2000', 'TITUS Cyberbit Basic', 'DejaVu Sans', 'Bitstream Vera Sans', 'Bitstream Cyberbit', 'Arial Unicode MS', 'Lucida Sans Unicode', 'Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro', 'Matrix Unicode'; font-family :inherit; text-decoration: none"><a href="/wiki/Nazioarteko_Alfabeto_Fonetikoa" title="Nazioarteko Alfabeto Fonetikoa">[ʒø n(ø) sɛ pa]</a></span> <br /><br /><br /><br /> <span title="Hau ahoskeraren IPA edo NAF transkripzio fonetikoa da. Ikusi Nazioarteko Alfabeto Fonetikoa." class="IPA" id="IPA" style="white-space: nowrap; font-family:'Chrysanthi Unicode', 'Doulos SIL', 'Gentium', 'GentiumAlt', 'Code2000', 'TITUS Cyberbit Basic', 'DejaVu Sans', 'Bitstream Vera Sans', 'Bitstream Cyberbit', 'Arial Unicode MS', 'Lucida Sans Unicode', 'Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro', 'Matrix Unicode'; font-family :inherit; text-decoration: none"><a href="/wiki/Nazioarteko_Alfabeto_Fonetikoa" title="Nazioarteko Alfabeto Fonetikoa">[ʒø n(ø) sɛ]</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Badakit </td> <td><i>Je sais</i> </td> <td><span title="Hau ahoskeraren IPA edo NAF transkripzio fonetikoa da. Ikusi Nazioarteko Alfabeto Fonetikoa." class="IPA" id="IPA" style="white-space: nowrap; font-family:'Chrysanthi Unicode', 'Doulos SIL', 'Gentium', 'GentiumAlt', 'Code2000', 'TITUS Cyberbit Basic', 'DejaVu Sans', 'Bitstream Vera Sans', 'Bitstream Cyberbit', 'Arial Unicode MS', 'Lucida Sans Unicode', 'Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro', 'Matrix Unicode'; font-family :inherit; text-decoration: none"><a href="/wiki/Nazioarteko_Alfabeto_Fonetikoa" title="Nazioarteko Alfabeto Fonetikoa">[ʒœ se]</a></span> </td> <td><span title="Hau ahoskeraren IPA edo NAF transkripzio fonetikoa da. Ikusi Nazioarteko Alfabeto Fonetikoa." class="IPA" id="IPA" style="white-space: nowrap; font-family:'Chrysanthi Unicode', 'Doulos SIL', 'Gentium', 'GentiumAlt', 'Code2000', 'TITUS Cyberbit Basic', 'DejaVu Sans', 'Bitstream Vera Sans', 'Bitstream Cyberbit', 'Arial Unicode MS', 'Lucida Sans Unicode', 'Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro', 'Matrix Unicode'; font-family :inherit; text-decoration: none"><a href="/wiki/Nazioarteko_Alfabeto_Fonetikoa" title="Nazioarteko Alfabeto Fonetikoa">[ʒø sɛ]</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Egarri naiz </td> <td><i>J’ai soif</i> </td> <td><span title="Hau ahoskeraren IPA edo NAF transkripzio fonetikoa da. Ikusi Nazioarteko Alfabeto Fonetikoa." class="IPA" id="IPA" style="white-space: nowrap; font-family:'Chrysanthi Unicode', 'Doulos SIL', 'Gentium', 'GentiumAlt', 'Code2000', 'TITUS Cyberbit Basic', 'DejaVu Sans', 'Bitstream Vera Sans', 'Bitstream Cyberbit', 'Arial Unicode MS', 'Lucida Sans Unicode', 'Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro', 'Matrix Unicode'; font-family :inherit; text-decoration: none"><a href="/wiki/Nazioarteko_Alfabeto_Fonetikoa" title="Nazioarteko Alfabeto Fonetikoa">[ʒe swaf]</a></span> </td> <td><span title="Hau ahoskeraren IPA edo NAF transkripzio fonetikoa da. Ikusi Nazioarteko Alfabeto Fonetikoa." class="IPA" id="IPA" style="white-space: nowrap; font-family:'Chrysanthi Unicode', 'Doulos SIL', 'Gentium', 'GentiumAlt', 'Code2000', 'TITUS Cyberbit Basic', 'DejaVu Sans', 'Bitstream Vera Sans', 'Bitstream Cyberbit', 'Arial Unicode MS', 'Lucida Sans Unicode', 'Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro', 'Matrix Unicode'; font-family :inherit; text-decoration: none"><a href="/wiki/Nazioarteko_Alfabeto_Fonetikoa" title="Nazioarteko Alfabeto Fonetikoa">[ʒe swaf]</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Gose naiz </td> <td><i>J’ai faim</i> </td> <td><span title="Hau ahoskeraren IPA edo NAF transkripzio fonetikoa da. Ikusi Nazioarteko Alfabeto Fonetikoa." class="IPA" id="IPA" style="white-space: nowrap; font-family:'Chrysanthi Unicode', 'Doulos SIL', 'Gentium', 'GentiumAlt', 'Code2000', 'TITUS Cyberbit Basic', 'DejaVu Sans', 'Bitstream Vera Sans', 'Bitstream Cyberbit', 'Arial Unicode MS', 'Lucida Sans Unicode', 'Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro', 'Matrix Unicode'; font-family :inherit; text-decoration: none"><a href="/wiki/Nazioarteko_Alfabeto_Fonetikoa" title="Nazioarteko Alfabeto Fonetikoa">[ʒe fẽ]</a></span> </td> <td><span title="Hau ahoskeraren IPA edo NAF transkripzio fonetikoa da. Ikusi Nazioarteko Alfabeto Fonetikoa." class="IPA" id="IPA" style="white-space: nowrap; font-family:'Chrysanthi Unicode', 'Doulos SIL', 'Gentium', 'GentiumAlt', 'Code2000', 'TITUS Cyberbit Basic', 'DejaVu Sans', 'Bitstream Vera Sans', 'Bitstream Cyberbit', 'Arial Unicode MS', 'Lucida Sans Unicode', 'Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro', 'Matrix Unicode'; font-family :inherit; text-decoration: none"><a href="/wiki/Nazioarteko_Alfabeto_Fonetikoa" title="Nazioarteko Alfabeto Fonetikoa">[ʒɛ fæ̃]</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Zer moduz? Nola zaude? Nola zabiltza? </td> <td><i>Comment allez-vous ?</i> (formala) edo <i>Ça va ?</i> <i>Comment ça va ?</i>(informala) </td> <td><span title="Hau ahoskeraren IPA edo NAF transkripzio fonetikoa da. Ikusi Nazioarteko Alfabeto Fonetikoa." class="IPA" id="IPA" style="white-space: nowrap; font-family:'Chrysanthi Unicode', 'Doulos SIL', 'Gentium', 'GentiumAlt', 'Code2000', 'TITUS Cyberbit Basic', 'DejaVu Sans', 'Bitstream Vera Sans', 'Bitstream Cyberbit', 'Arial Unicode MS', 'Lucida Sans Unicode', 'Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro', 'Matrix Unicode'; font-family :inherit; text-decoration: none"><a href="/wiki/Nazioarteko_Alfabeto_Fonetikoa" title="Nazioarteko Alfabeto Fonetikoa">[kɔmã t‿ale vu]</a></span> </td> <td><span title="Hau ahoskeraren IPA edo NAF transkripzio fonetikoa da. Ikusi Nazioarteko Alfabeto Fonetikoa." class="IPA" id="IPA" style="white-space: nowrap; font-family:'Chrysanthi Unicode', 'Doulos SIL', 'Gentium', 'GentiumAlt', 'Code2000', 'TITUS Cyberbit Basic', 'DejaVu Sans', 'Bitstream Vera Sans', 'Bitstream Cyberbit', 'Arial Unicode MS', 'Lucida Sans Unicode', 'Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro', 'Matrix Unicode'; font-family :inherit; text-decoration: none"><a href="/wiki/Nazioarteko_Alfabeto_Fonetikoa" title="Nazioarteko Alfabeto Fonetikoa">[kɔmɒ̃ t‿ale vu]</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>(Oso) ongi, (oso) ongi nago </td> <td><i>Je vais (très) bien</i> (formala) edo <i>Ça va (très) bien,</i> <i>Tout va (très) bien</i> (informala) </td> <td><span title="Hau ahoskeraren IPA edo NAF transkripzio fonetikoa da. Ikusi Nazioarteko Alfabeto Fonetikoa." class="IPA" id="IPA" style="white-space: nowrap; font-family:'Chrysanthi Unicode', 'Doulos SIL', 'Gentium', 'GentiumAlt', 'Code2000', 'TITUS Cyberbit Basic', 'DejaVu Sans', 'Bitstream Vera Sans', 'Bitstream Cyberbit', 'Arial Unicode MS', 'Lucida Sans Unicode', 'Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro', 'Matrix Unicode'; font-family :inherit; text-decoration: none"><a href="/wiki/Nazioarteko_Alfabeto_Fonetikoa" title="Nazioarteko Alfabeto Fonetikoa">[ʒœ vɛ (tʁɛ) bjẽ]</a></span> </td> <td><span title="Hau ahoskeraren IPA edo NAF transkripzio fonetikoa da. Ikusi Nazioarteko Alfabeto Fonetikoa." class="IPA" id="IPA" style="white-space: nowrap; font-family:'Chrysanthi Unicode', 'Doulos SIL', 'Gentium', 'GentiumAlt', 'Code2000', 'TITUS Cyberbit Basic', 'DejaVu Sans', 'Bitstream Vera Sans', 'Bitstream Cyberbit', 'Arial Unicode MS', 'Lucida Sans Unicode', 'Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro', 'Matrix Unicode'; font-family :inherit; text-decoration: none"><a href="/wiki/Nazioarteko_Alfabeto_Fonetikoa" title="Nazioarteko Alfabeto Fonetikoa">[ʒø vɛ (tʁɛ) bjæ̃]</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>(Oso) gaizki, (oso) gaizki nago </td> <td><i>Je vais (très) mal</i> (formala) edo <i>Ça va (très) mal</i>, <i>Tout va (très) mal</i> (informala) </td> <td><span title="Hau ahoskeraren IPA edo NAF transkripzio fonetikoa da. Ikusi Nazioarteko Alfabeto Fonetikoa." class="IPA" id="IPA" style="white-space: nowrap; font-family:'Chrysanthi Unicode', 'Doulos SIL', 'Gentium', 'GentiumAlt', 'Code2000', 'TITUS Cyberbit Basic', 'DejaVu Sans', 'Bitstream Vera Sans', 'Bitstream Cyberbit', 'Arial Unicode MS', 'Lucida Sans Unicode', 'Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro', 'Matrix Unicode'; font-family :inherit; text-decoration: none"><a href="/wiki/Nazioarteko_Alfabeto_Fonetikoa" title="Nazioarteko Alfabeto Fonetikoa">[ʒœ vɛ (tʁɛ) mal]</a></span> </td> <td><span title="Hau ahoskeraren IPA edo NAF transkripzio fonetikoa da. Ikusi Nazioarteko Alfabeto Fonetikoa." class="IPA" id="IPA" style="white-space: nowrap; font-family:'Chrysanthi Unicode', 'Doulos SIL', 'Gentium', 'GentiumAlt', 'Code2000', 'TITUS Cyberbit Basic', 'DejaVu Sans', 'Bitstream Vera Sans', 'Bitstream Cyberbit', 'Arial Unicode MS', 'Lucida Sans Unicode', 'Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro', 'Matrix Unicode'; font-family :inherit; text-decoration: none"><a href="/wiki/Nazioarteko_Alfabeto_Fonetikoa" title="Nazioarteko Alfabeto Fonetikoa">[ʒø vɛ (tʁɛ) mal]</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Tira, hainbestean, erdipurdi </td> <td><i>Assez bien</i> edo <i>Ça va comme ci, comme ça</i>, edo <i>Ça va</i> </td> <td><span title="Hau ahoskeraren IPA edo NAF transkripzio fonetikoa da. Ikusi Nazioarteko Alfabeto Fonetikoa." class="IPA" id="IPA" style="white-space: nowrap; font-family:'Chrysanthi Unicode', 'Doulos SIL', 'Gentium', 'GentiumAlt', 'Code2000', 'TITUS Cyberbit Basic', 'DejaVu Sans', 'Bitstream Vera Sans', 'Bitstream Cyberbit', 'Arial Unicode MS', 'Lucida Sans Unicode', 'Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro', 'Matrix Unicode'; font-family :inherit; text-decoration: none"><a href="/wiki/Nazioarteko_Alfabeto_Fonetikoa" title="Nazioarteko Alfabeto Fonetikoa">[ase bjẽ]</a></span> </td> <td><span title="Hau ahoskeraren IPA edo NAF transkripzio fonetikoa da. Ikusi Nazioarteko Alfabeto Fonetikoa." class="IPA" id="IPA" style="white-space: nowrap; font-family:'Chrysanthi Unicode', 'Doulos SIL', 'Gentium', 'GentiumAlt', 'Code2000', 'TITUS Cyberbit Basic', 'DejaVu Sans', 'Bitstream Vera Sans', 'Bitstream Cyberbit', 'Arial Unicode MS', 'Lucida Sans Unicode', 'Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro', 'Matrix Unicode'; font-family :inherit; text-decoration: none"><a href="/wiki/Nazioarteko_Alfabeto_Fonetikoa" title="Nazioarteko Alfabeto Fonetikoa">[ase bjɛ̃]</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ondo nago </td> <td><i>Ça va bien</i> </td> <td><span title="Hau ahoskeraren IPA edo NAF transkripzio fonetikoa da. Ikusi Nazioarteko Alfabeto Fonetikoa." class="IPA" id="IPA" style="white-space: nowrap; font-family:'Chrysanthi Unicode', 'Doulos SIL', 'Gentium', 'GentiumAlt', 'Code2000', 'TITUS Cyberbit Basic', 'DejaVu Sans', 'Bitstream Vera Sans', 'Bitstream Cyberbit', 'Arial Unicode MS', 'Lucida Sans Unicode', 'Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro', 'Matrix Unicode'; font-family :inherit; text-decoration: none"><a href="/wiki/Nazioarteko_Alfabeto_Fonetikoa" title="Nazioarteko Alfabeto Fonetikoa">[sa vɔ bjẽ]</a></span> </td> <td><span title="Hau ahoskeraren IPA edo NAF transkripzio fonetikoa da. Ikusi Nazioarteko Alfabeto Fonetikoa." class="IPA" id="IPA" style="white-space: nowrap; font-family:'Chrysanthi Unicode', 'Doulos SIL', 'Gentium', 'GentiumAlt', 'Code2000', 'TITUS Cyberbit Basic', 'DejaVu Sans', 'Bitstream Vera Sans', 'Bitstream Cyberbit', 'Arial Unicode MS', 'Lucida Sans Unicode', 'Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro', 'Matrix Unicode'; font-family :inherit; text-decoration: none"><a href="/wiki/Nazioarteko_Alfabeto_Fonetikoa" title="Nazioarteko Alfabeto Fonetikoa">[sa va bjɛ̃]</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>(Nola) lagun zaitzaket? Laguntza behar duzu? Laguntza behar dugu! </td> <td><i>(Comment) puis-je vous aider ? Avez-vous besoin d'aide ? Nous avons besoin d'aide !</i> </td> <td><span title="Hau ahoskeraren IPA edo NAF transkripzio fonetikoa da. Ikusi Nazioarteko Alfabeto Fonetikoa." class="IPA" id="IPA" style="white-space: nowrap; font-family:'Chrysanthi Unicode', 'Doulos SIL', 'Gentium', 'GentiumAlt', 'Code2000', 'TITUS Cyberbit Basic', 'DejaVu Sans', 'Bitstream Vera Sans', 'Bitstream Cyberbit', 'Arial Unicode MS', 'Lucida Sans Unicode', 'Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro', 'Matrix Unicode'; font-family :inherit; text-decoration: none"><a href="/wiki/Nazioarteko_Alfabeto_Fonetikoa" title="Nazioarteko Alfabeto Fonetikoa">[(kɔmã) pɥiʒ vu z‿ɛːde]</a></span> </td> <td><span title="Hau ahoskeraren IPA edo NAF transkripzio fonetikoa da. Ikusi Nazioarteko Alfabeto Fonetikoa." class="IPA" id="IPA" style="white-space: nowrap; font-family:'Chrysanthi Unicode', 'Doulos SIL', 'Gentium', 'GentiumAlt', 'Code2000', 'TITUS Cyberbit Basic', 'DejaVu Sans', 'Bitstream Vera Sans', 'Bitstream Cyberbit', 'Arial Unicode MS', 'Lucida Sans Unicode', 'Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro', 'Matrix Unicode'; font-family :inherit; text-decoration: none"><a href="/wiki/Nazioarteko_Alfabeto_Fonetikoa" title="Nazioarteko Alfabeto Fonetikoa">[(kɔmɑ̃) pɥiʒ vu z‿ede]</a></span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Frantsesaren_aldaerak">Frantsesaren aldaerak</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frantses&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Frantsesaren aldaerak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frantses&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section's source code: Frantsesaren aldaerak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Frantsesaren eskualde aldaera edo <a href="/wiki/Dialekto" title="Dialekto">dialektoak</a> bi modutan uler daiteke: </p> <ul><li>Alde batetik, kontuan hartuz frantsesa <a href="/wiki/O%C3%AFl_hizkuntzak" title="Oïl hizkuntzak">oïl hizkuntzen</a> sinonimoa dela; ondorioz, oïl eremuko aldera erromaniko guztiak frantsesaren aldaerak direla uler daiteke.</li> <li>«Eskualdeko frantsesa» deritzona kontuan hartuz, hau da, frantses estandarretik hurbil jarraitzen duten eskualdeko aldaera guztien batasuna. Zentzu hori erabiltzen dugu hemen.</li></ul> <p>Zenbait neologismo eskualdeko frantsesaren hiztegitik ere har daitezke. «Eskualdeko frantsesa» <a href="/wiki/Frankofonia" title="Frankofonia">frankofoniaren</a> zati batzuetan erabiltzen diren hitzak edo esamoldeak dira, baina ez frantsesaren hiztegi arauemailean, edo ez frankofonia osoan. Ez da lagunarteko hizkuntza, baizik eta modu desberdinean eboluzionatu duen frantsesa. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Frantzia" title="Frantzia">Frantziako</a> iparraldeko zati batzuetan, eta <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Parisko</a> frantsesean (gaur egungo estandartzat hartzen dena), adibidez, goizeko janariari <i>petit déjeuner</i> esaten zaio, eguerdiko janariari <i>déjeuner</i>, eta gauekoari <i>dîner;</i> <i>souper</i>, berriz, izan daiteke gau-gauez egindako otordu txikia. Aldiz, Frantziako hegoaldean, <a href="/wiki/Quebec" title="Quebec">Quebecen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kanada" title="Kanada">Kanadako</a> gainerako lekuetan, <a href="/wiki/Belgika" title="Belgika">Belgikan</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Suitza" title="Suitza">Suitzan</a>, antzinako otorduen izenak erabiltzen dira: <i>déjeuner</i>, <i>dîner</i> eta <i>souper</i> okzitanieraren eta katalanaren antzera.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Quebecen, <a href="/wiki/Kanada" title="Kanada">Kanadako</a> gainerako frantses lekuetan, <a href="/wiki/Suitza" title="Suitza">Suitzan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Belgika" title="Belgika">Belgikan</a> eta Frantziako zenbait eskualdetan, <i>«tantôt»</i> esaten estandarrean <i>«tout à l'heure</i>» esaten dena adierazteko.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Quebec" title="Quebec">Quebecen</a>, <i>magasiner</i> esaten dute erosketak egitea, ingelesezko <i>shopping</i> saihesteko, baina Frantzian, ordea, <a href="/wiki/Barbarismo" title="Barbarismo">barbarismotzat</a> hartua da.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Senegal" title="Senegal">Senegalen</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Frankofonia" title="Frankofonia">Afrika frankofonoan</a>, <i>essencerie</i> erabiltzen dute «<a href="/wiki/Gasolina-zerbitzugune" title="Gasolina-zerbitzugune">gasolina zerbitzugune</a>» esateko, <i>station-service</i> ingelesaren kalkoa saihestearren, nahiz Frantzian barbarismotzat hartzen den.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Quebecen eta Kanadako beste leku frankofono askotan, <i>avoir une blonde</i> esten dute «neska lagun bat izatea», eta <i>avoir un chum</i> «senargaia izatea».<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Frantzian">Frantzian</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frantses&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Frantzian»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frantses&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section's source code: Frantzian"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Parisko_frantsesa">Parisko frantsesa</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frantses&veaction=edit&section=17" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Parisko frantsesa»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frantses&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section's source code: Parisko frantsesa"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Parisko</a> frantsesak ia ordeztu ditu <a href="/wiki/%C3%8Ele-de-France" title="Île-de-France">Île-de-Franceko</a> <a href="/wiki/O%C3%AFl_hizkuntzak" title="Oïl hizkuntzak">oïl eremuko</a> tokiko aldaera guztiak, ez bakarrik paristarrentzat ulergaitz diren <i><a href="/wiki/Patois" title="Patois">patois</a></i> dialektoak, baizik Parisen inguruko frantses estandarraren aldaera guztiak. <a href="/wiki/Normandia" title="Normandia">Normandiako</a> frantses gazte baten eta paristar gazte baten arteko aldeak, adibidez, oso txikiak dira kasu gehienetan, Frantzian eta, bereziki, Parisen historikoki izan den aniztasunari erreparatuz gero.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Parisko frantsesa denbora luzez izan da frantsesaren araua munduko <a href="/wiki/Frankofonia" title="Frankofonia">frankofono</a> guztientzat, eta frantsesean eragina izaten jarraitzen du, bere osotasunean ulertuta. Hori dela eta, sarritan Parisko frantsesa hartzen da erreferentzia gisa, beste frantses aldaera batzuekin konparatu ahal izateko. </p><p>Hala ere, Parisko frantsesak baditu frantsesaren arau tradizionalaren aurkako bilakaera batzuk, Frantzia osoan onartu eta hiztegietara iritsi direnak. Halakoak ez dira aise irensten frantsesez hitz egiten den beste laku batzuetan, bereziki <a href="/wiki/Quebeceko_frantses" title="Quebeceko frantses">Quebecen</a>, non Parisko frantsesaren eragina apalagoa baita.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kanadan">Kanadan</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frantses&veaction=edit&section=18" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Kanadan»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frantses&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section's source code: Kanadan"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Moncton_Welcome.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Moncton_Welcome.JPG/220px-Moncton_Welcome.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Moncton_Welcome.JPG/330px-Moncton_Welcome.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/86/Moncton_Welcome.JPG 2x" data-file-width="379" data-file-height="303" /></a><figcaption>Seinale elebidunak <a href="/wiki/Moncton" title="Moncton">Monctonen</a> (<a href="/wiki/Brunswick_Berria" title="Brunswick Berria">Brunswick Berria</a>)</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Trois-Rivi%C3%A8res_098_(8337532513).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Trois-Rivi%C3%A8res_098_%288337532513%29.jpg/220px-Trois-Rivi%C3%A8res_098_%288337532513%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Trois-Rivi%C3%A8res_098_%288337532513%29.jpg/330px-Trois-Rivi%C3%A8res_098_%288337532513%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Trois-Rivi%C3%A8res_098_%288337532513%29.jpg/440px-Trois-Rivi%C3%A8res_098_%288337532513%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1656" data-file-height="2208" /></a><figcaption>Zirkulazio seinalea <a href="/wiki/Trois-Rivi%C3%A8res_(Quebec)" title="Trois-Rivières (Quebec)">Trois-Rivières-en</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Cartier" title="Jacques Cartier">Jacques Cartier</a> heldu zenetik Kanadara, frantsesa izan zen <a href="/wiki/Frantzia_Berria" title="Frantzia Berria">Frantzia Berriko</a> hizkuntza ofiziala.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Frantziatik iritsitako zenbait populazio bolada <a href="/wiki/Kanada" title="Kanada">Kanadako</a> ekialdean ezarri ziren. Horien artean, Atlantikoko lau probintzietan ―<a href="/wiki/Eskozia_Berria" title="Eskozia Berria">Eskozia Berrian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brunswick_Berria" title="Brunswick Berria">Brunswick Berrian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eduardo_Printzearen_Uhartea" title="Eduardo Printzearen Uhartea">Eduardo Printzearen Uhartean</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Ternua" title="Ternua">Ternuan</a>― bizi diren <a href="/wiki/Akadiar" title="Akadiar">akadiarrak</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kanadako probintzia guztietan daude jatorri frantseseko frankofono ugari.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Quebecen">Quebecen</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frantses&veaction=edit&section=19" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Quebecen»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frantses&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section's source code: Quebecen"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div style="font-style: italic; padding-left: 2em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;">Sakontzeko, irakurri: «<a href="/wiki/Quebeceko_frantses" title="Quebeceko frantses">Quebeceko frantses</a>»</div> <p>Quebecen, bereziki, frantses hizkuntza ez da gehienbat metropoliaren ekarpenetatik elikatu, eta ez da haren eraginpean egon ingelesek <a href="/wiki/1759" title="1759">1759an</a> konkistatu eta XX. mendera arte. Hango frantsesak XVIII. mendeko <a href="/wiki/Itsastar" title="Itsastar">itsastarren</a> hiztegitik hartutako lexikoaren eraginak gorde ditu ―adibidez <i>barrer la porte</i> esamoldea <i>fermer</i> (itxi) hitzaren ordez―, baita iparramerikar frantsesaren forma arkaikoak ere: <i>breuvage</i> (Frantzian, <a href="/wiki/Edabe" title="Edabe">edabe</a>) esaten dute <i>boisson</i> (<a href="/wiki/Edari" title="Edari">edari</a>) termino estandarraren ordez; hori da, <i>breuvage</i> hitzak antzinako esanahi neutroa gorde du.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>XX. mendearen bigarren erditik aurrera, benetako <a href="/wiki/Hizkuntzaren_ingeniaritza" title="Hizkuntzaren ingeniaritza">ingeniaritza linguistikoak</a> parte handi bat hartzen du <a href="/wiki/Quebeceko_frantses" title="Quebeceko frantses">Quebeceko frantsesaren</a> bilakaeran, bestek beste quebectar <a href="/wiki/Neologia" title="Neologia">neologismoak</a> sortzea eta hedatzea <a href="/wiki/Anglizismo" title="Anglizismo">anglizismoak</a> ordezteko. Horrela, posta elektronikoko mezuari <i>courriel</i> esaten diote <i>e-mail</i> ordez; <i>clavardage</i> ―<i>clavier</i> (teklatu) eta <i>bavardage</i> (berriketa) konbinatuta― esaten dute <i>chat</i> ordez, eta zabor postari, berriz, <i>pourriel</i> esaten diote, <i>spam</i> ordez. </p><p><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Office_qu%C3%A9b%C3%A9cois_de_la_langue_fran%C3%A7aise&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Office québécois de la langue française (sortu gabe)">Office québécois de la langue française</a></i> (OQLF, Frantses hizkuntzaren quebectar bulegoa) erakundeak bere eginkizunen artean ditu <a href="/wiki/Frantses_Akademia" title="Frantses Akademia">Frantses Akademiarenak</a>, Quebeceko frantsesari dagokionez, hau da, eginkizuna aldi berean arautzaileak eta aholkularitzazkoak.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Frantsesez hitz egiten den herrialdeetan, OQLFren eta <a href="/wiki/Quebeceko_frantses" title="Quebeceko frantses">Quebeceko frantsesaren</a> eragina handia da, <a href="/wiki/Lexiko" title="Lexiko">lexikoaren</a> arloan (<a href="/wiki/Anglizismo" title="Anglizismo">anglizismoen</a> trataera, <a href="/wiki/Neologia" title="Neologia">neologismoak</a> eta abar), baita Quebecetik kanpo ere; esate baterako, Frantses Akademiak quebectar ekarpen lexiko asko «inportatu» izan ditu, nazioarteko frantsesa aberastuz eta termino horiek mundu <a href="/wiki/Frankofonia" title="Frankofonia">frankofonoan</a> zabaltzeko aukera emanez. Adibidez, hasieran quebectar «markatutzat» hartua bazen ere, <i>courriel</i> (posta elektronikoko mezua) terminoa hitz estandartzat hartzen da <a href="/wiki/Frankofonia" title="Frankofonia">frankofonia</a> guztian («nazioarteko frantsesa» esaten dena), eta ez da nahitaez bereizitzat hartzen.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>OQLFk terminologiaren gaietan duen helburua ez da nazioarteko frantsesaren arauetatik aldentzea, baizik eta <a href="/wiki/Ipar_Amerika" title="Ipar Amerika">Ipar Amerikako</a> aldaera arautzea, frantsesaren arau elkartuen arabera. Alde horretatik, bulego honetako hiztegiak Quebeceko frantsesaren nazioarteko ekarpena aberasten laguntzen du. Bulegoak terminologia hiztegi eta terminologia tresna ugari eskaintzen ditu Interneten.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Frantses_Hizkuntzaren_Karta" title="Frantses Hizkuntzaren Karta">Frantses Hizkuntzaren Kartak</a> edo «101 Legeak» (1977) Quebeceko probintzian frantsesa formalizatu eta babesteko aukera eman zuen. Gainera, Quebeceko gobernuaren lehentasunetako bat da herritar iritsi berriek frantsesa ikastea.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Frantsesa_munduan">Frantsesa munduan</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frantses&veaction=edit&section=20" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Frantsesa munduan»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frantses&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section's source code: Frantsesa munduan"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div style="text-align:center;"></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Knowledge_French_EU_map.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Knowledge_French_EU_map.png/220px-Knowledge_French_EU_map.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Knowledge_French_EU_map.png/330px-Knowledge_French_EU_map.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Knowledge_French_EU_map.png/440px-Knowledge_French_EU_map.png 2x" data-file-width="1218" data-file-height="1245" /></a><figcaption>Frantsesaren hedakuntza <a href="/wiki/Europar_Batasuna" title="Europar Batasuna">Europar Batasunean</a> eta herrialde hautagaietan.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Alger_Chevaley.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Alger_Chevaley.JPG/220px-Alger_Chevaley.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Alger_Chevaley.JPG/330px-Alger_Chevaley.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Alger_Chevaley.JPG/440px-Alger_Chevaley.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2320" data-file-height="1740" /></a><figcaption>Publizitate elebiduna, arabieraz eta frantsesez, <a href="/wiki/Aljeria" title="Aljeria">Aljerian</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Frantsesa herrialde askotako <a href="/wiki/Hizkuntza_ofizial" title="Hizkuntza ofizial">hizkuntza ofiziala</a> da, eta beste herrialde askotan erabiltzen da. Frantsesez egiten duten herrialdeetako batzuk «<a href="/wiki/Frankofonia" title="Frankofonia">frankofoniaren</a>» barruan biltzen dira. Testuinguru linguistikotik haratago, Frankofoniaren Kontseilu Gorena plataforma bat da munduko herrialdeen heren baten trukeetarako. Joera horrek berretsi egiten du munduan frantsesaren lekua birdefinitu egin dela. Frantziako Kanpo Gaietako Ministerioak 2022an egindako kalkulu baten arabera, 361 milioi frantses hiztun dago munduan, horietatik %<i> </i>61,8 Afrikan; 131 milioi pertsona ari da frantsesez ikasten; eta frantsesa da laugarren hizkuntza erabiliena Interneten.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Taula honetan laburtzen dira munduan frantses hiztun gehien dituzten herrialdeak: </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3">Frantses hiztun gehieneko <p>herrialdeak (2022)<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </th></tr> <tr> <th> </th> <th>herrialdea </th> <th>milioi hiztun </th></tr> <tr> <td>1 </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/22px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/33px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/44px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Frantzia" title="Frantzia">Frantzia</a> </td> <td align="center">66 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2 </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Kongoko_Errepublika_Demokratikoa" title="Kongoko Errepublika Demokratikoa">Kongoko Errepublika Demokratikoa</a> </td> <td align="center">48,9 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Algeria.svg/22px-Flag_of_Algeria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Algeria.svg/33px-Flag_of_Algeria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Algeria.svg/44px-Flag_of_Algeria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Aljeria" title="Aljeria">Aljeria</a> </td> <td align="center">14,9 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/22px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/33px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/44px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Maroko" title="Maroko">Maroko</a> </td> <td align="center">13,4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>5 </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/22px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/33px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/44px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Alemania" title="Alemania">Alemania</a> </td> <td align="center">12,3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>6 </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/22px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/33px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/44px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Italia" title="Italia">Italia</a> </td> <td align="center">11,8 </td></tr> <tr> <td>7 </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Flag_of_Cameroon.svg/22px-Flag_of_Cameroon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Flag_of_Cameroon.svg/33px-Flag_of_Cameroon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Flag_of_Cameroon.svg/44px-Flag_of_Cameroon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Kamerun" title="Kamerun">Kamerun</a> </td> <td align="center">11,5 </td></tr> <tr> <td>8 </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Erresuma_Batua" title="Erresuma Batua">Erresuma Batua</a> </td> <td align="center">11,3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>9 </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Canada.svg/22px-Flag_of_Canada.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Canada.svg/33px-Flag_of_Canada.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Canada.svg/44px-Flag_of_Canada.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Kanada" title="Kanada">Kanada</a> <small>(guztira)</small> </td> <td align="center">11 </td></tr> <tr> <td>10 </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg/22px-Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg/33px-Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg/44px-Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Boli_Kosta" title="Boli Kosta">Boli Kosta</a> </td> <td align="center">9,3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>11 </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Belgika" title="Belgika">Belgika</a> </td> <td align="center">8,8 </td></tr> <tr> <td>12 </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Flag_of_Quebec.svg/22px-Flag_of_Quebec.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Flag_of_Quebec.svg/33px-Flag_of_Quebec.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Flag_of_Quebec.svg/44px-Flag_of_Quebec.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Quebec" title="Quebec">Quebec</a> </td> <td align="center">8 </td></tr> <tr> <td>13 </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Madagascar.svg/22px-Flag_of_Madagascar.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Madagascar.svg/33px-Flag_of_Madagascar.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Madagascar.svg/44px-Flag_of_Madagascar.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Madagaskar" title="Madagaskar">Madagaskar</a> </td> <td align="center">6,9 </td></tr> <tr> <td>14 </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Tunisia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Tunisia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Tunisia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Tunisia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Tunisia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Tunisia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Tunisia" title="Tunisia">Tunisia</a> </td> <td align="center">6,3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>15 </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg/22px-Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg/33px-Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg/44px-Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Burkina_Faso" title="Burkina Faso">Burkina Faso</a> </td> <td align="center">5,9 </td></tr> <tr> <td>16 </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Switzerland.svg/20px-Flag_of_Switzerland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Switzerland.svg/30px-Flag_of_Switzerland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Switzerland.svg/40px-Flag_of_Switzerland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Suitza" title="Suitza">Suitza</a> </td> <td align="center">5,9 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Frantsesa,_nazioarteko_hizkuntza"><span id="Frantsesa.2C_nazioarteko_hizkuntza"></span>Frantsesa, nazioarteko hizkuntza</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frantses&veaction=edit&section=21" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Frantsesa, nazioarteko hizkuntza»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frantses&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section's source code: Frantsesa, nazioarteko hizkuntza"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latinaren</a> ondorengo izanik, frantsesak nazioarteko hizkuntza gisa ordezkatu zuen hura XVII. mendean, baina <a href="/wiki/Bigarren_Mundu_Gerra" title="Bigarren Mundu Gerra">Bigarren Mundu Gerraren</a> ostean, <a href="/wiki/Ingeles" title="Ingeles">ingelesari</a> lekua utzi behar izan zion.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 1685ean, Pierre Bayle filosofo eta lexikografoak idatzi zuen frantsesa zela «Europako herri guztien komunikazio era».<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hegemonia horren arrazoi nagusia zen estatu frantsesak garai hartan zuen boterea. <a href="/wiki/1714" title="1714">1714ko</a> <a href="/wiki/Martxoaren_6" title="Martxoaren 6">martxoaren 6an</a>, <a href="/wiki/Espainiako_Ondorengotza_Gerra" title="Espainiako Ondorengotza Gerra">Espainiako Ondorengotza Gerraren</a> amaiera markatu zuen <a href="/wiki/Rastatteko_Ituna" title="Rastatteko Ituna">Rastatteko Ituna</a> frantsesez soilik idatzi zen.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Esan daiteke frantsesa nazioarteko hizkuntza nagusia izan zela <a href="/wiki/1919" title="1919">1919</a> arte. Izan ere, urte hartan <a href="/wiki/Georges_Clemenceau" title="Georges Clemenceau">Georges Clemenceau</a> <a href="/wiki/Frantziako_lehen_ministro" title="Frantziako lehen ministro">Frantziako lehen ministroak</a> onartu behar izan zuen <a href="/wiki/Versaillesko_Ituna_(1919)" title="Versaillesko Ituna (1919)">Versaillesko Ituna</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lehen_Mundu_Gerra" title="Lehen Mundu Gerra">Lehen Mundu Gerrari</a> amaiera eman ziona, frantsesez eta ingelesez idatzia izatea.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Orduz geroztik, ingelesak eremua irabazi besterik ez du egin nazioarteko harremanetan, frantsesaren kaltez. </p><p>XXI. mendearen hasieran, frantsesak oraindik ere bere aldeko lehentasun asko gordetzen zituen.. Nazioarteko erakundeek hizkuntza ofizial bat baino gehiago onar badezakete, gatazkarik izanez gero erreferentzia hizkuntza frantsesa da nagusiki.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Horren adibide izan zen ingelesa ezarri nahi izan zutenean frantsesaren ordez, <a href="/wiki/Nazioarteko_Olinpiar_Batzordea" title="Nazioarteko Olinpiar Batzordea">Nazioarteko Olinpiar Batzordearen</a> hizkuntza gisa. <a href="/wiki/Karta_Olinpikoa" title="Karta Olinpikoa">Karta Olinpikoaren</a> 23. artikuluak honela dio: «NOBen hizkuntza ofizialak frantsesa eta ingelesa dira. (..) Karta Olinpikoan eta NOBen beste edozein dokumentutan frantsesezko eta ingelesezko testuak bat ez badatoz, frantsesezkoa nagusituko da, non eta berariaz besterik idatzirik ez dagoen».<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Nazioarteko erakunde batzuetan, hizkuntza ofizial bakarra frantsesa da; hori da kasua, esate baterako, <a href="/wiki/Posta-Batasun_Unibertsala" title="Posta-Batasun Unibertsala">Posta Batasun Unibertsalean</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hala ere, ingelesa lehenetsia da frantsesaren aldean zientzia argitalpenetan edo NBEren tribunatik egindako diskurtsoetan, adibidez. <a href="/wiki/Europar_Batasuna" title="Europar Batasuna">Europar Batasunean</a>, ingelesaren gailentasuna gero eta nabariagoa da.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Frantsesak bere posizio instituzionalari eusten dion arren, eguneroko bizitzan lan hizkuntza gisa duen erabilera higatzen doa, baita Frantzia barnean ere.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hizkuntza_ofiziala">Hizkuntza ofiziala</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frantses&veaction=edit&section=22" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Hizkuntza ofiziala»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frantses&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section's source code: Hizkuntza ofiziala"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Frantsesa <a href="/wiki/Nazioarteko_erakunde" title="Nazioarteko erakunde">nazioarteko erakunde</a> askoren <a href="/wiki/Hizkuntza_ofizial" title="Hizkuntza ofizial">hizkuntza ofizial</a> bat da. </p><p>Frantsesa <a href="/wiki/Ekonomia_Lankidetza_eta_Garapenerako_Antolakundea" title="Ekonomia Lankidetza eta Garapenerako Antolakundea">Ekonomia Lankidetza eta Garapenerako Antolakundearen</a> (OECD) bigarren hizkuntza da, nahiz egoitza <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Parisen</a> duen. <a href="/wiki/Nazio_Batuen_Erakundea" title="Nazio Batuen Erakundea">Nazio Batuen</a> eta <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCOren</a> sei hizkuntza ofizialetako bat da (berarekin batera: <a href="/wiki/Ingeles" title="Ingeles">ingelesa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gaztelania" title="Gaztelania">gaztelania</a>, <a href="/wiki/Errusiera" title="Errusiera">errusiera</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mandarinera" title="Mandarinera">txinera mandarina</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Arabiera" title="Arabiera">arabiera</a>). </p><p>Horrez gain, frantsesa nazioarteko erakunde eta antolamendu ugariren hizkuntza ofiziala da. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Laneko_hizkuntza">Laneko hizkuntza</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frantses&veaction=edit&section=23" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Laneko hizkuntza»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frantses&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section's source code: Laneko hizkuntza"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ofiziala izateaz gain, frantsesa <a href="/wiki/Nazio_Batuen_Erakundea" title="Nazio Batuen Erakundea">Nazio Batuen Erakundearen</a> eta haren erakunde guztien bi lan hizkuntzetako bat da. Frantsesa <a href="/wiki/Afrikako_Batasuna" title="Afrikako Batasuna">Afrikako Batasunaren</a> hiru hizkuntzetako bat da. Halaber, <a href="/wiki/Europar_Batasuna" title="Europar Batasuna">Europar Batasunaren</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Europako_Batzordea" title="Europako Batzordea">Europako Batzordearen</a> lan hizkuntza nagusietako bat da, ingelesarekin eta <a href="/wiki/Aleman" title="Aleman">alemanarekin</a> batera.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Praktikan, frantsesa lan hizkuntza gisa erabiltzea ordenagailu tresnen erabileran islatu beharko litzateke, hala nola <a href="/wiki/Web_semantiko" title="Web semantiko">web semantikoan</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Atzerriko_hizkuntza">Atzerriko hizkuntza</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frantses&veaction=edit&section=24" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Atzerriko hizkuntza»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frantses&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section's source code: Atzerriko hizkuntza"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Afrika" title="Afrika">Afrikan</a> azkarren hazten den hizkuntza da frantsesa, erakundeen edo unibertsitateen hizkuntza ofizial edo atzerriko hizkuntza gisa.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Frantsesa mundu osoko unibertsitate askotan irakasten da, eta eragin berezia du mundu <a href="/wiki/Diplomazia" title="Diplomazia">diplomatikoan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kazetaritza" title="Kazetaritza">kazetaritzan</a>, esparru judizialean eta <a href="/wiki/Akademia" title="Akademia">akademikoan</a>. Frantsesa <a href="/wiki/Europar_Batasuna" title="Europar Batasuna">Europar Batasuneko</a> eskoletan gehien irakasten den atzerriko bigarren hizkuntza da. <a href="/wiki/Errumania" title="Errumania">Errumania</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a> 2007ko urtarriletik Europar Batasunean sartu zirenez geroztik, frantsesak aurrera egin zuen Europar Batasunean gehien irakatsitako atzerriko hizkuntza gisa, ingelesaren ondoren. Oro har, frantsesak munduan gehien irakatsitako hizkuntzetako bat izaten jarraitzen du.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Gaztelania" title="Gaztelania">Gaztelaniak</a> <a href="/wiki/Latinoamerika" title="Latinoamerika">Latinoamerikan</a> duen hedadura eta sustraitze handiaren ondorioz, kontinente horretan bakarrik ez da frantsesa atzerriko lehen hizkuntza. Ingelesez mintzo diren beste herrialde batzuetan (<a href="/wiki/Irlanda_(estatua)" title="Irlanda (estatua)">Irlanda</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kanada" title="Kanada">Kanada</a>, eta abar), frantsesak eutsi egiten dio irakasten den atzerriko lehen hizkuntza izateari, luzaz beste hizkuntzen aurretik.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Frankofonoak">Frankofonoak</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frantses&veaction=edit&section=25" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Frankofonoak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frantses&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section's source code: Frankofonoak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div style="font-style: italic; padding-left: 2em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;">Sakontzeko, irakurri: «<a href="/wiki/Frankofonia" title="Frankofonia">Frankofonia</a>»</div><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Fountain_Bordage_signs_St_Peter_Port_Guernsey.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Fountain_Bordage_signs_St_Peter_Port_Guernsey.jpg/220px-Fountain_Bordage_signs_St_Peter_Port_Guernsey.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="74" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Fountain_Bordage_signs_St_Peter_Port_Guernsey.jpg/330px-Fountain_Bordage_signs_St_Peter_Port_Guernsey.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Fountain_Bordage_signs_St_Peter_Port_Guernsey.jpg/440px-Fountain_Bordage_signs_St_Peter_Port_Guernsey.jpg 2x" data-file-width="756" data-file-height="256" /></a><figcaption>Seinale elebidunak <a href="/wiki/Guernesey" title="Guernesey">Guernsey</a> uhartean (<a href="/wiki/Erresuma_Batua" title="Erresuma Batua">Erresuma Batua</a>). </figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Pondichery_Panneau2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Pondichery_Panneau2.jpg/220px-Pondichery_Panneau2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Pondichery_Panneau2.jpg/330px-Pondichery_Panneau2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Pondichery_Panneau2.jpg/440px-Pondichery_Panneau2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2304" data-file-height="3072" /></a><figcaption>Kale izen elebidunak <a href="/wiki/Puducherry_(hiria)" title="Puducherry (hiria)">Puducherryn</a> (<a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>)</figcaption></figure> <p>Hizkuntza bateko hiztunen kopuru osoa zehaztasunez neurtzea zaila den arren, munduan gehien hitz egiten diren 10 hizkuntzetako bat frantsesa dela kalkulatzen da. Zehazki, Ethnologue ikerkuntza eta datu biltegiak 2023an emandako datuen arabera, frantsesa munduko 5. hizkuntza mintzatuena da.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Nazio_Batuen_Erakundea" title="Nazio Batuen Erakundea">NBEren</a> proiekzioek zenbait agertoki garatu dituzte <a href="/wiki/Frankofonia" title="Frankofonia">frankofoniaren</a> etorkizunari buruzko hipotesiak ebaluatzeko, 2050. urteari begira. Frantsesaren etorkizuna, neurri handi batean, <a href="/wiki/Afrika" title="Afrika">Afrikako</a> irakaskuntzaren garapenaren mende egon daiteke; hiztunen kopurua nabarmen alda dezakeenez.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_75-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Agertoki ezkorrenaren arabera, egungo kopuruan eta aldaketa demografikoetan oinarritua, frantsesak 276 milioi pertsona izango ditu mundu osoan 2050ean. Agertoki baikorrenean, aldiz, zifrak erabat desberdinak izango lirateke. Mundu guztiarentzako irakaskuntzarekin eta Afrikako <a href="/wiki/Biztanleria" title="Biztanleria">biztanleriaren</a> hazkundearekin, frantses hiztunen kopurua 680 milioitik gorakoa izatera iritsi daiteke. Jakina, hori ez da gertatuko iparraldeko herrialde frankofonoen laguntzarik gabe.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_75-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Hori hala baldin balitz, frankofonoek munduan duten pisu demografikoak beste dimentsio bat hartuko luke: munduko biztanleen %<i> </i>8 frantsesez mintzatuko da 2050ean, 2020ko %<i> </i>2,9ren aldean. Hegoaldeko herrialdeen eskolatze orokortua gertatzen bada, afrikarrak frantses hiztun guztien %<i> </i>80 baino gehiago izango dira, eta europarrak, berriz, %11 baino gutxiago.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_75-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Literatura">Literatura</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frantses&veaction=edit&section=26" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Literatura»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frantses&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section's source code: Literatura"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div style="font-style: italic; padding-left: 2em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;">Sakontzeko, irakurri: «<a href="/wiki/Frantsesezko_literatura" title="Frantsesezko literatura">Frantsesezko literatura</a>»</div><p>Historian zehar, frantsesezko idazle famatuak anitz izan dira: besteak beste, <a href="/wiki/Alexandre_Dumas" title="Alexandre Dumas">Alexandre Dumas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jules_Verne" title="Jules Verne">Jules Verne</a>, <a href="/wiki/Victor_Hugo" title="Victor Hugo">Victor Hugo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Albert_Camus" title="Albert Camus">Albert Camus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jean-Paul_Sartre" title="Jean-Paul Sartre">Jean-Paul Sartre</a>, <a href="/wiki/Simone_de_Beauvoir" title="Simone de Beauvoir">Simone Beauvoir</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Marguerite_Duras" title="Marguerite Duras">Marguerite Duras</a>. Dozena bat idazle baino gehiagok eskuratu dute <a href="/wiki/Literaturako_Nobel_Saria" title="Literaturako Nobel Saria">Literaturako Nobel Saria</a>, hizkuntza horretaz idatziz. Bestela, <a href="/wiki/Goncourt_Saria" title="Goncourt Saria">Goncourt Saria</a> frantsesezko idazleen artean banatzen da urtero eta Frantziako garrantzitsuena da. </p><p>Antzinako frantseseko lehen idatzia <a href="/wiki/Estrasburgoko_Zina" title="Estrasburgoko Zina">Estrasburgoko Zinaren</a> erromantzezko bertsioa da (842). <a href="/wiki/XII._mendea" title="XII. mendea">XII. mendean</a> historia kronikak idatzi ziren batez ere; egitandien kantak, horietako zaharrena <i><a href="/wiki/Errolanen_kantua" title="Errolanen kantua">Chanson de Roland</a></i> (1100), Ingalaterrako eskuizkribu batetik kopiatua. XIII. mendean frantses literatura lan garrantzitsuenak, normandiarren konkistaren ondorioz, <a href="/wiki/Ingalaterra" title="Ingalaterra">Ingalaterran</a> egin ziren, baina XIV. menderako <a href="/wiki/Frantzia" title="Frantzia">Frantzian</a> idatzi ziren berriro. </p><p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahozko_literatura&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahozko literatura (sortu gabe)">Ahozko literatura</a> bidezko epikak <a href="/wiki/Erdi_Aroa" title="Erdi Aroa">Erdi Aro</a> osoan aurrera egin zuen (<i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roman_de_la_rose&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Roman de la rose (sortu gabe)">Roman de la rose</a></i>). <a href="/wiki/Antzerki" title="Antzerki">Antzerki</a> zaharrenak liturgikoak izan ziren, eta lan horiez gainera, fabulak ere ugari idatzi ziren mende berean. XVI. mendea aberatsenetakoa izan zen literatura emaitzetan: Errenazimentu garaikoak dira <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Rabelais" title="François Rabelais">François Rabelais</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pierre_de_Ronsard" title="Pierre de Ronsard">Pierre de Ronsard</a> eta Michel de Montaigne. Antzerkian eta poesian Italiatik etorri ziren aldaketak eta berrikuntzak, eta prosan teologia, politika eta zientzia gaiak erabili ziren. <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_de_Malherbe" title="François de Malherbe">François de Malherbe</a> XVII. mendeko poeta eta teoriagile garrantzizkoa izan zen, eta hizkuntzaren dotoretasunaz arduratu zen. <a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Descartes" title="René Descartes">René Descartes</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Blaise_Pascal" title="Blaise Pascal">Blaise Pascal</a> hitz lauzko saioengatik eta filosofia lanengatik dira ezagunak. Antzerkian, <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Corneille" title="Pierre Corneille">Pierre Corneille</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Jean_Racine" title="Jean Racine">Jean Racine</a> Frantziako tragedia klasikoaren idazle nagusiak dira, eta <a href="/wiki/Moli%C3%A8re" title="Molière">Molièrek</a> arrakasta handiko komediak idatzi zituen. </p><p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marie_de_La_Fayette&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marie de La Fayette (sortu gabe)">Marie de La Fayettek</a> lehen eleberria idatzi zuen, <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=La_Princesse_de_Cl%C3%A8ves&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="La Princesse de Clèves (sortu gabe)">La Princesse de Clèves</a></i> (1672). XVIII. mendean klasikotasuna alde batera utzi zuten aldaketa handiak izan ziren: <a href="/wiki/Voltaire" title="Voltaire">Voltaireren</a> tragediak, <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Augustin_Caron_de_Beaumarchais" title="Pierre Augustin Caron de Beaumarchais">Pierre Augustin Caron de Beaumarchaisen</a> komediak, eta poesia eta eleberri ugari, baina garai hartako literaturaren ezaugarri nabarmenena pentsamendu arrazionalaren eragina izan zen (<a href="/wiki/Voltaire" title="Voltaire">Voltaireren</a> <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Filosofia_eskutitzak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Filosofia eskutitzak (sortu gabe)">Filosofia eskutitzak</a></i>, eta <a href="/wiki/Denis_Diderot" title="Denis Diderot">Denis Dideroten</a> entziklopedia lanak). </p><p>Frantziako Iraultzak, hala ere, ez zituen literatura lanetarako aukera onak eskaini, eta idazleek ezkutuan idatzi zuten zenbaitetan (<a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois-Ren%C3%A9_de_Chateaubriand" title="François-René de Chateaubriand">François-René de Chateaubriand</a>). Monarkia berriz indarrean jarri zenean, askatasun handiagoa izan zuten idazleek; frantses erromantizismoaren garaia izan zen: poesian aipatzekoak dira <a href="/wiki/Alphonse_de_Lamartine" title="Alphonse de Lamartine">Alphonse de Lamartine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alfred_de_Vigny" title="Alfred de Vigny">Alfred de Vigny</a>, <a href="/wiki/Victor_Hugo" title="Victor Hugo">Victor Hugo</a>, eta <a href="/wiki/Alfred_de_Musset" title="Alfred de Musset">Alfred de Musse</a>t. Eleberriak ere gora egin zuen (<a href="/wiki/Honor%C3%A9_de_Balzac" title="Honoré de Balzac">Honoré de Balzac</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/La_Com%C3%A9die_humaine" class="mw-redirect" title="La Comédie humaine">La Comédie humaine</a></i>; <a href="/wiki/Stendhal" title="Stendhal">Stendhalen</a> eleberriak). </p><p><a href="/wiki/Erromantizismo" title="Erromantizismo">Erromantizismoaren</a> ondoren <a href="/wiki/Parnasianismo" title="Parnasianismo">parnasianismoaren</a> garaia iritsi zen, eta teknika zehatzagoak erabiltzen hasi ziren (<a href="/wiki/Th%C3%A9ophile_Gautier" title="Théophile Gautier">Théophile Gautier</a>, poesian). XIX. mendean <a href="/wiki/Errealismo" class="mw-disambig" title="Errealismo">errealismoa</a> nagusitu zen, eta <a href="/wiki/Emile_Zola" class="mw-redirect" title="Emile Zola">Emile Zolak</a> <a href="/wiki/Naturalismo" class="mw-disambig" title="Naturalismo">naturalismoa</a> sortu zuen (<a href="/wiki/Guy_de_Maupassant" title="Guy de Maupassant">Guy de Maupassanten</a> kontakizun laburrak ere eskola horretakoak ziren). <a href="/wiki/Olerkigintza" title="Olerkigintza">Poesian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Charles_Baudelaire" title="Charles Baudelaire">Charles Baudelaire</a>k <a href="/wiki/Sinbolismo" title="Sinbolismo">sinbolismoari</a> bidea zabaldu zion (<a href="/wiki/St%C3%A9phane_Mallarm%C3%A9" title="Stéphane Mallarmé">Stéphane Mallarmé</a> ere talde bereko poeta zen), eta <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Rimbaud" title="Arthur Rimbaud">Arthur Rimbaud</a> poesia modernoaren aitzindaria izan zen. XX. mendeko eleberri garrantzitsuenak <a href="/wiki/Marcel_Proust" title="Marcel Proust">Marcel Prousten</a> <i><a href="/wiki/%C3%80_la_recherche_du_temps_perdu" class="mw-redirect" title="À la recherche du temps perdu">À la recherche du temps perdu</a></i> (1914-1927), eta <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Gide" title="André Gide">André Gideren</a> <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Les_faux-Monnayeurs&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Les faux-Monnayeurs (sortu gabe)">Les faux-Monnayeurs</a></i> izan dira, besteren artean. Baina eleberriaren garai emankorrena 1940. urteaz geroztikoa da: <a href="/wiki/Simone_de_Beauvoir" title="Simone de Beauvoir">Simone de Beauvoir</a>, <a href="/wiki/Albert_Camus" title="Albert Camus">Albert Camus</a>, eta <a href="/wiki/Jean-Paul_Sartre" title="Jean-Paul Sartre">Jean-Paul Sartre</a>. Antzerki lanetan, <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Beckett" title="Samuel Beckett">Samuel Becketten</a> berrikuntzak, <a href="/wiki/Jean_Genet" title="Jean Genet">Jean Geneten</a> antzerki antisoziala eta antinaturalista, eta <a href="/wiki/Eug%C3%A8ne_Ionesco" title="Eugène Ionesco">Eugène Ionescoren</a> antzerki «garbia» nabariak dira. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Musika">Musika</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frantses&veaction=edit&section=27" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Musika»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frantses&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section's source code: Musika"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Hizkuntza horretaz abestu duten artista ezagunen artean, <a href="/wiki/%C3%89dith_Piaf" title="Édith Piaf">Édith Piaf</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Brel" title="Jacques Brel">Jacques Brel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Charles_Aznavour" title="Charles Aznavour">Charles Aznavour</a>, <a href="/wiki/Georges_Brassens" title="Georges Brassens">Georges Brassens</a>, <a href="/wiki/Georges_Moustaki" title="Georges Moustaki">Georges Moustaki</a>, <a href="/wiki/Manu_Chao" title="Manu Chao">Manu Chao</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Youssou_N%27Dour" title="Youssou N'Dour">Youssou N'Dour</a> daude, besteak beste. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Zinema">Zinema</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frantses&veaction=edit&section=28" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Zinema»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frantses&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section's source code: Zinema"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Lumi%C3%A8re" title="Lumière">Lumière anaiak</a> <a href="/wiki/Zinema" title="Zinema">zazpigarren artea</a>ren sortzaileak izan ziren, eta ordutik frantsesezko zinemak ohorezko lekua du, bai Europan, bai mundu osoan ere. Artista guztiz arrakastatsuak <a href="/wiki/Brigitte_Bardot" title="Brigitte Bardot">Brigitte Bardot</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alain_Delon" title="Alain Delon">Alain Delon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yves_Montand" title="Yves Montand">Yves Montand</a>, <a href="/wiki/Catherine_Deneuve" title="Catherine Deneuve">Catherine Deneuve</a>, <a href="/wiki/G%C3%A9rard_Depardieu" title="Gérard Depardieu">Gérard Depardieu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Juliette_Binoche" title="Juliette Binoche">Juliette Binoche</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jean_Reno" title="Jean Reno">Jean Reno</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Audrey_Tautou" title="Audrey Tautou">Audrey Tautou</a> dira, esate baterako. </p><p>Zinema zuzendarien artean, <a href="/wiki/Jean_Vigo" title="Jean Vigo">Jean Vigo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jean_Renoir" title="Jean Renoir">Jean Renoir</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jean-Luc_Godard" title="Jean-Luc Godard">Jean-Luc Godard</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Truffaut" title="François Truffaut">François Truffaut</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C3%89ric_Rohmer" title="Éric Rohmer">Éric Rohmer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Luc_Besson" title="Luc Besson">Luc Besson</a> eta <a href="/wiki/Krzysztof_Kie%C5%9Blowski" title="Krzysztof Kieślowski">Krzysztof Kieslowski</a> azpimarratzekoak dira. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Erreferentziak">Erreferentziak</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frantses&veaction=edit&section=29" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Erreferentziak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frantses&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section's source code: Erreferentziak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist columns references-column-width" style="-moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Euskaltzaindia-1"><a href="#cite_ref-Euskaltzaindia_1-0">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFEuskaltzaindia"><a href="/wiki/Euskaltzaindia" title="Euskaltzaindia">Euskaltzaindia</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.euskaltzaindia.eus/dok/arauak/Araua_0038.pdf"><i>38. araua: Munduko estatu-izenak, herritarren izenak, hizkuntza ofizialak eta hiriburuak. </i></a></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230629022556/https://www.nationsonline.org/oneworld/countries_by_languages.htm">«Countries and Languages - Megalanguages around the World - Nations Online Project»</a> <i>web.archive.org</i> 2023-06-29 <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2023-08-26)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Frantsesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Frantsesez)</b></span></span> <span class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230717001612/https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/as-sa/98-200-X/2021013/98-200-X2021013-fra.cfm">«Le bilinguisme français-anglais au Canada : tendances récentes après cinq décennies de bilinguisme officiel»</a> <i>web.archive.org</i> 2023-07-17 <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2023-08-26)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFFrancophonie.2007">Francophonie., Organisation internationale de la.  (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/144615162"><i>La francophonie dans le monde. 2006-2007. </i></a> Nathan <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Berezi:BookSources/9782098821774" title="Berezi:BookSources/9782098821774">9782098821774</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Central" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Central">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=144615162">144615162</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2019-02-26)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Frantsesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Frantsesez)</b></span></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFJacquin2016-07-19">Jacquin, Gérard.  (2016-07-19). Argod-Dutard, Françoise ed. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.openedition.org/pur/32772">«L’émergence du français ou la rencontre du latin vulgaire avec des parlers celtiques puis germaniques»</a> <i>La langue française : de rencontres en partages : Quatrièmes Lyriades de la langue française</i> (Presses universitaires de Rennes): 27–38. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Berezi:BookSources/978-2-7535-4585-4" title="Berezi:BookSources/978-2-7535-4585-4">978-2-7535-4585-4</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2023-08-17)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Frantsesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Frantsesez)</b></span></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFTournier2014-03-03">Tournier, Maurice.  (2014-03-03). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.openedition.org/enseditions/2225">«Histoire résumée de la « langue française »»</a> <i>Propos d’étymologie sociale. Tome 3 : Des sources du sens</i> (ENS Éditions): 279–300. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Berezi:BookSources/978-2-84788-430-2" title="Berezi:BookSources/978-2-84788-430-2">978-2-84788-430-2</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2023-08-17)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Frantsesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Frantsesez)</b></span></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFLafittePépin2008">Lafitte, Jean; Pépin, Guilhem.  (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230306180212/https://www.axl.cefan.ulaval.ca/monde/Dante-oil-oc-si.htm"><i>Dante : les langues d'oïl, d'oc et de si. </i></a> Université de Laval (web.archive.org) <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2023-08-18)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFBehrens1887">Behrens, D..  (1887). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/40609166">«Grammatikalisehe und lexikalische Arbeiten über die lebenden Mundarten der langue d'oc und der langue d'oïl»</a> <i>Zeitschrift für neufranzösische Sprache und Literatur</i> 9: 92–214. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldcat.org/issn/1619-7097">1619-7097</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2023-08-18)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Frantsesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Frantsesez)</b></span></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFLeclerc2023">Leclerc, Jacques.  (2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230812131923/https://www.axl.cefan.ulaval.ca/francophonie/HIST_FR_s3_Ancien-francais.htm">«Histoire du français : Ancien français»</a> <i>web.archive.org</i> <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2023-08-18)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFBöhme-Eckert2004-05-01">Böhme-Eckert, Gabriele.  (2004-05-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cairn.info/revue-langue-francaise-2004-1-page-56.htm?ref=doi">«De l'ancien français au français moderne : l'évolution vers un type « à part » à l'époque du moyen français:»</a> <i>Langue française</i> n°141 (1): 56–68.  <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<span class="neverexpand"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.3917%2Flf.141.0056">10.3917/lf.141.0056</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldcat.org/issn/0023-8368">0023-8368</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2023-08-18)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Frantsesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Frantsesez)</b></span></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFMandevilletexteEnlumineurtexte">Mandeville, Jean de (1300?-1372) Auteur du texte; texte, Jean de Bourgogne (13 ?-1372) Auteur du; Enlumineur, Maître de Jean de Mandeville; texte, Jean de Mandeville Auteur du. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b8455788r"><i>Jean de Mandeville, Voyages ; Jean de Bourgogne, De morbo epidemiae, traduction française sous le titre Préservation de Epidémie. vol. I: Jean de Mandeville, Voyages (version continentale).. </i></a> <a href="/wiki/Frantziako_Liburutegi_Nazionala" title="Frantziako Liburutegi Nazionala">Bibliothèque national de France</a> - Gallica <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2023-08-18)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Frantsesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Frantsesez)</b></span></span> <span class="citation"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b9072606d"><i>1.° Henrici de Amondavilla practica chirurgiae : pars ferè dimidia desideratur. — 2.° Jesu, filii Haly, epistola, sive tractatus de aegritudinibus oculorum, et earum curatione. — 3.° Anonymi fragmentum de meteoris. — 4.° Avicennae liber de viribus cordis et medicinis cordialibus ; interprete Arnaldo de Villanova. — 5.° Anonymi tractatus de aedificatione, nutritione, conservatione et transportatione apum. — 6.° Liber de coquina, sive de praeparatione ciborum. — 7.° Alius tractatus de coquina : gallico idiomate. — 8.° Excerpta è libro Palladii Tauri Aemiliani, de agricultura. — 9.° Liber de vindemiis à domino Burgundo, Pisano, de graeco in latinum fideliter translatus. — 10.° Joannis Mesuae chirurgia, quam Ferrarius Judaeus, Chirurgus, ex arabico sermone in latinum transtulit : libris quinque. — 11.° Flores veterum Poëtarum Latinorum. — 12.° Anonymi libellus de simplici medicina. — 13.° Joannis Mesuae practica, abbreviata à Magistro Joanne de Palma.. </i></a> <a href="/wiki/Frantziako_Liburutegi_Nazionala" title="Frantziako Liburutegi Nazionala">Bibliothèque national de France</a> - Gallica 1301-1400 <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2023-08-18)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230726170911/https://www.radiofrance.fr/franceculture/podcasts/le-pourquoi-du-comment-histoire/le-pourquoi-du-comment-histoire-chronique-du-mercredi-16-novembre-2022-3615237">«Pourquoi la République a-t-elle voulu réprimer les langues régionales ?»</a> <i>web.archive.org</i> (Radio France) 2023-07-26 <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2023-08-18)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFPerrot1997">Perrot, Marie-Clémence.  (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.persee.fr/doc/mots_0243-6450_1997_num_52_1_2474">«La politique linguistique pendant la Révolution française»</a> <i>Mots. Les langages du politique</i> 52 (1): 158–167.  <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<span class="neverexpand"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.3406%2Fmots.1997.2474">10.3406/mots.1997.2474</a></span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2023-08-18)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><a href="#cite_ref-15">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Frantsesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Frantsesez)</b></span></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFUniversité_de_Laval_(web.archive.org)2023">Université de Laval (web.archive.org).  (2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230406140523/https://www.axl.cefan.ulaval.ca/francophonie/HIST_FR_s8_Revolution1789.htm"><i>Histoire du français : La Révolution française et la langue nationale (1789-1870). </i></a> <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2023-08-20)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><a href="#cite_ref-16">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Frantsesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Frantsesez)</b></span></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFGrégoireLe_16_prairial_an_II_(1794-06-04)">Grégoire, Henri-Baptiste Grégoire.  (Le 16 prairial an II (1794-06-04)). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220802093032/https://www.axl.cefan.ulaval.ca/francophonie/gregoire-rapport.htm"><i>Rapport sur la nécessité et les moyens d'anéantir les patois et d'universaliser la langue française. </i></a> Université de Laval (web.archive.org) <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2023-08-20)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><a href="#cite_ref-17">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Frantsesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Frantsesez)</b></span></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFFrancalanza2019-04-16">Francalanza, Éric.  (2019-04-16). Argod-Dutard, Françoise ed. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.openedition.org/pur/65552">«Le français au xviiie siècle : quelle réussite ? : Le concours de l’Académie de Berlin (1783) sur l’universalité de la langue française»</a> <i>Le français, une langue pour réussir</i> (Presses universitaires de Rennes): 37–57. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Berezi:BookSources/978-2-7535-5738-3" title="Berezi:BookSources/978-2-7535-5738-3">978-2-7535-5738-3</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2023-08-20)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><a href="#cite_ref-18">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Frantsesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Frantsesez)</b></span></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFCosta2012-11-27">Costa, James.  (2012-11-27). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://journals.openedition.org/lengas/116">«De l’hygiène verbale dans le sud de la France ou Occitanie»</a> <i>Lengas. Revue de sociolinguistique</i> (72): 83–112.  <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<span class="neverexpand"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.4000%2Flengas.116">10.4000/lengas.116</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldcat.org/issn/0153-0313">0153-0313</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2023-08-20)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><a href="#cite_ref-19">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Frantsesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Frantsesez)</b></span></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFJoean2021-11-20">Joean, Lionel.  (2021-11-20). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220408224232/https://www.axl.cefan.ulaval.ca/monde/catalan.htm"><i>La langue catalane et son histoire. </i></a> Université de Laval (web.archive.org) <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2023-08-20)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><a href="#cite_ref-20">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Frantsesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Frantsesez)</b></span></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFFaby-Audic2013-09-21">Faby-Audic, Armelle Faby.  (2013-09-21). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://theses.hal.science/tel-00869047"><i>La langue bretonne à Arradon au XXe siècle : réflexion sociolinguistique sur l'histoire du breton à travers un exemple particulier. </i></a> Université de Bretagne occidentale - Brest <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2023-08-20)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><a href="#cite_ref-21">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Frantsesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Frantsesez)</b></span></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFUrteaga2022-10-23">Urteaga, Eguzki.  (2022-10-23). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://journals.openedition.org/lengas/6269">«Structuration, fondements et objectifs de la politique linguistique au Pays Basque»</a> <i>Lengas. Revue de sociolinguistique</i> (91)  <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<span class="neverexpand"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.4000%2Flengas.6269">10.4000/lengas.6269</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldcat.org/issn/0153-0313">0153-0313</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2023-08-20)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><a href="#cite_ref-22">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Frantsesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Frantsesez)</b></span></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFColonna2012-11-27">Colonna, Romain.  (2012-11-27). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://journals.openedition.org/lengas/117">«La revitalisation du corse ou l’émergence de projets de société concurrents»</a> <i>Lengas. Revue de sociolinguistique</i> (72): 113–132.  <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<span class="neverexpand"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.4000%2Flengas.117">10.4000/lengas.117</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldcat.org/issn/0153-0313">0153-0313</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2023-08-20)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><a href="#cite_ref-23">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Frantsesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Frantsesez)</b></span></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFWalter1988">Walter, Henriette.  (1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.org/details/lefrancaisdansto0000walt_i3t0"><i>Le français dans tous les sens. </i></a> Paris : R. Laffont <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Berezi:BookSources/978-2-221-05254-9" title="Berezi:BookSources/978-2-221-05254-9">978-2-221-05254-9</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2023-08-20)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><a href="#cite_ref-24">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Frantsesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Frantsesez)</b></span></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFKamoun2017">Kamoun, Chaneze.  (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/title/1319072289"><i>Phonétique essentielle du français. </i></a> Didier <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Berezi:BookSources/978-2278087310" title="Berezi:BookSources/978-2278087310">978-2278087310</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2023-08-27)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><a href="#cite_ref-25">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Ingelesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Ingelesez)</b></span></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFHansenJuillard2011-11">Hansen, Anita Berit; Juillard, Caroline.  (2011-11). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-french-language-studies/article/abs/la-phonologie-parisienne-a-trente-ans-dintervalle-les-voyelles-a-double-timbre/C45834FAC729C6B6808D442A4A5350D0">«La phonologie parisienne à trente ans d'intervalle – Les voyelles à double timbre»</a> <i>Journal of French Language Studies</i> 21 (3): 313–359.  <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<span class="neverexpand"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1017%2FS0959269510000347">10.1017/S0959269510000347</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldcat.org/issn/1474-0079">1474-0079</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2023-08-21)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><a href="#cite_ref-26">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Ingelesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Ingelesez)</b></span></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFEgurtzegi2015-06-30">Egurtzegi, Ander.  (2015-06-30). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://loquens.revistas.csic.es/index.php/loquens/article/view/22">«Different distributions of contrastive vowel nasalization in Basque»</a> <i>Loquens</i> 2 (1): e017–e017.  <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<span class="neverexpand"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.3989%2Floquens.2015.017">10.3989/loquens.2015.017</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldcat.org/issn/2386-2637">2386-2637</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2023-08-22)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><a href="#cite_ref-27">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFAcadémie_française2023-03-17">Académie française.  (2023-03-17). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230317093527/https://www.dictionnaire-academie.fr/article/QDL005">«Accentuation des majuscules»</a> <i>Dictionnaire de l’Académie française</i> <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2023-08-23)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><a href="#cite_ref-28">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Frantsesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Frantsesez)</b></span></span> <span class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220619224934/https://www.education.gouv.fr/le-conseil-superieur-des-langues-327011">«Le Conseil supérieur des langues | Ministère de l'Education Nationale et de la Jeunesse»</a> <i>web.archive.org</i> 2022-06-19 <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2023-08-20)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><a href="#cite_ref-29">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Frantsesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Frantsesez)</b></span></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFBoy2016-02-04">Boy, Louis.  (2016-02-04). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230327082131/https://www.francetvinfo.fr/societe/education/reforme-de-l-orthographe-cinq-questions-pour-mettre-les-points-sur-les-i_1298995.html">«Réforme de l'orthographe : cinq questions pour mettre les points sur les "i"»</a> <i>franceinfo:</i> (web.archive.org) <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2023-08-20)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><a href="#cite_ref-30">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFEuskaltzaindia">Euskaltzaindia. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.euskaltzaindia.eus/index.php?option=com_liburuak&ItemId=&task=gramatika&lang=eu-ES&kodea=0102">«1.2. Euskara SOV hurrenkerako hizkuntza da - Euskararen Gramatika»</a> <i>www.euskaltzaindia.eus</i> <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2023-08-23)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><a href="#cite_ref-31">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Frantsesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Frantsesez)</b></span></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFFuchsGoffic2007">Fuchs, Catherine; Goffic, Pierre Le.  (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://shs.hal.science/halshs-00340668"><i>Le français moderne, entre V2 et SVO ?. </i></a> Peter Lang, 17 or. <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2023-08-23)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><a href="#cite_ref-32">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFWidera2022-06-01">Widera, Carmen.  (2022-06-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cairn.info/revue-langages-2022-2-page-55.htm?ref=doi">«L’emploi du pronom sujet explétif il en français moderne : une analyse micro-diachronique de l’oral:»</a> <i>Langages</i> N° 226 (2): 55–68.  <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<span class="neverexpand"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.3917%2Flang.226.0055">10.3917/lang.226.0055</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldcat.org/issn/0458-726X">0458-726X</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2023-08-23)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><a href="#cite_ref-33">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFIliescu2010-04-12">Iliescu, Maria.  (2010-04-12). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cairn.info/revue-travaux-de-linguistique-2009-2-page-13.htm?ref=doi">«Aspects de l'évolution de l'article défini en français et en roumain:»</a> <i>Travaux de linguistique</i> n° 59 (2): 13–23.  <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<span class="neverexpand"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.3917%2Ftl.059.0013">10.3917/tl.059.0013</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldcat.org/issn/0082-6049">0082-6049</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2023-08-23)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><a href="#cite_ref-34">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Ingelesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Ingelesez)</b></span></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFde_Kok1993-08-13">de Kok, Ans.  (1993-08-13). Aertsen, Henk ed. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://benjamins.com/catalog/cilt.106.19kok">«Sur l’origine de l’emploi des formes toniques du pronom personnel régime avant les formes verbales non finies (infinitives ou participiales) en ancien français»</a> <i>Historical Linguistics 1989: Papers from the 9th International Conference on Historical Linguistics, New Brunswick, 14–18 August 1989</i> (John Benjamins Publishing Company): 249.  <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<span class="neverexpand"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1075%2Fcilt.106.19kok">10.1075/cilt.106.19kok</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Berezi:BookSources/978-90-272-3608-1" title="Berezi:BookSources/978-90-272-3608-1">978-90-272-3608-1</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2023-08-23)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><a href="#cite_ref-35">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Frantsesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Frantsesez)</b></span></span> <span class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230615155148/https://parlez-vous-french.com/les-pronoms-complements-y-et-en/">«Les pronoms compléments <i>y</i> et <i>en</i>»</a> <i>web.archive.org</i> 2023-06-15 <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2023-08-24)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><a href="#cite_ref-36">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Frantsesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Frantsesez)</b></span></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFBanque_de_dépannage_linguistique2023-03-21">Banque de dépannage linguistique.  (2023-03-21). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230321043954/https://vitrinelinguistique.oqlf.gouv.qc.ca/24224/la-grammaire/le-verbe/auxiliaires/emploi-des-auxiliaires-avoir-et-etre">«AVOIR et ÊTRE : auxiliaires essentiels à la conjugaison»</a> <i>Office québécois de la langue française</i> (web.archive.org) <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2023-08-27)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><a href="#cite_ref-37">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Frantsesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Frantsesez)</b></span></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFNiklas-Salminen2021">Niklas-Salminen, Aïno.  (2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.journals.vu.lt/kalbotyra/article/view/24749">«Les recommandations officielles proposées pour remplacer les anglicismes dans le Petit Robert de la langue française»</a> <i>Kalbotyra</i> 74: 141-159.  <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<span class="neverexpand"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.15388%2Fkalbotyra.2021.74.8">10.15388/kalbotyra.2021.74.8</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldcat.org/issn/1392-1517">1392-1517</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2023-08-23)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><a href="#cite_ref-38">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Frantsesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Frantsesez)</b></span></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFGouvernement_du_Québec2016">Gouvernement du Québec.  (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230121132021/https://www.oqlf.gouv.qc.ca/opale/201711_recueil-actes-colloques2016.pdf"><i>Les anglicismes : des emprunts à intérêt variable ?. </i></a> Office québécois de la langue française (web.archive.org) <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Berezi:BookSources/978-2550788348" title="Berezi:BookSources/978-2550788348">978-2550788348</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2023-08-27)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><a href="#cite_ref-39">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Frantsesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Frantsesez)</b></span></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFWalterWalter2014">Walter, Henriette; Walter, Gérard.  (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/title/907450678"><i>Dictionnaire des mots d'origine étrangère. </i></a> Paris: Larousse <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Berezi:BookSources/978-2035903785" title="Berezi:BookSources/978-2035903785">978-2035903785</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2023-08-24)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><a href="#cite_ref-40">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Frantsesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Frantsesez)</b></span></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFSchwer2018">Schwer, Sylviane R..  (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220407115826/https://www.apmep.fr/IMG/pdf/NumerationLatineFrancaiseJNAPMEP2018Ajout.pdf"><i>Dire les nombres : origine de la numération française. </i></a> Bordeaux: Journées nationales APMEP, <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2023-08-25)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><a href="#cite_ref-41">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Ingelesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Ingelesez)</b></span></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFEinhorn2010">Einhorn, Elsabe.  (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/title/1302488448"><i>Old French : a concise handbook. </i></a> Cambridge: Cambridge University Press <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Berezi:BookSources/978-0511620966" title="Berezi:BookSources/978-0511620966">978-0511620966</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2023-08-25)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><a href="#cite_ref-42">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Frantsesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Frantsesez)</b></span></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFAvanzi2017-03-26">Avanzi, Mathieu.  (2017-03-26). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230528194423/https://francaisdenosregions.com/2017/03/26/comment-dit-on-80-en-belgique-et-en-suisse/">«Comment dit-on 80 en Belgique et en Suisse ?»</a> <i>Français de nos régions</i> (web.archive.org) <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2023-08-25)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><a href="#cite_ref-43">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Frantsesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Frantsesez)</b></span></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFandrethibault32018-04-03">andrethibault3.  (2018-04-03). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230723052538/https://francaisdenosregions.com/2018/04/03/le-midi-vous-dejeunez-ou-vous-dinez/">«Le midi, vous déjeunez ou vous dînez ?»</a> <i>Français de nos régions</i> (web.archive.org) <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2023-08-25)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><a href="#cite_ref-44">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Frantsesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Frantsesez)</b></span></span> <span class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221129172857/https://dictionnaire.orthodidacte.com/article/definition-tantot">«tantôt»</a> <i>Dictionnaire Orthodidacte</i> (web.archive.org) 2022-11-29 <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2023-08-25)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><a href="#cite_ref-45">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Frantsesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Frantsesez)</b></span></span> <span class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230604214722/https://www.je-parle-quebecois.com/lexique/definition/magasiner.html">«Magasiner | Définition français canadien»</a> <i>Je Parle Québécois</i> (web.archive.org) 2023-06-04 <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2023-08-25)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><a href="#cite_ref-46">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Frantsesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Frantsesez)</b></span></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFAcadémie_française">Académie française. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dictionnaire-academie.fr/article/A9E2670">«essencerie»</a> <i>Dictionnaire de l’Académie française</i> <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2023-08-25)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><a href="#cite_ref-47">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Frantsesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Frantsesez)</b></span></span> <span class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230401072033/https://www.je-parle-quebecois.com/lexique/definition/chum.html">«Chum | Définition français canadien»</a> <i>Je Parle Québécois</i> (web.archive.org) 2023-04-01 <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2023-08-25)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><a href="#cite_ref-48">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Frantsesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Frantsesez)</b></span></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFBoula_de_Mareüil2013-12-01">Boula de Mareüil, Philippe.  (2013-12-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cairn.info/revue-langage-et-societe-2013-4-page-150a.htm?ref=doi">«D’où viennent les accents régionaux ? Paris, Le pommier (collection Les Petites Pommes du Savoir), 2010. Compte rendu de Françoise Gadet, Université de Paris Ouest:»</a> <i>Langage et société</i> N° 146 (4): 150a–151.  <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<span class="neverexpand"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.3917%2Fls.146.0151">10.3917/ls.146.0151</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldcat.org/issn/0181-4095">0181-4095</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2023-08-25)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><a href="#cite_ref-49">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Frantsesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Frantsesez)</b></span></span> <span class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230206024324/https://www.rfgenealogie.com/infos/philippe-boula-de-mareuil-les-parlers-regionaux-sont-en-voie-de-disparition">«Philippe Boula de Mareüil : " Les parlers régionaux sont en voie de disparition "»</a> <i>La Revue française de Généalogie</i> (web.archive.org) 2023-02-06 <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2023-08-25)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><a href="#cite_ref-50">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Frantsesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Frantsesez)</b></span></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFLegaré2005">Legaré, Anne.  (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cairn.info/revue-cites-2005-3-page-89.htm">«La France et le Québec»</a> <i>Cités</i> 23 (3): 89.  <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<span class="neverexpand"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.3917%2Fcite.023.0089">10.3917/cite.023.0089</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldcat.org/issn/1299-5495">1299-5495</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2023-08-25)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><a href="#cite_ref-51">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Frantsesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Frantsesez)</b></span></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFGarneau1852">Garneau, F.-X..  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(2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cairn.info/revue-geoeconomie-2010-4-page-113.htm">«L'utilisation du français dans les négociations et les organisations internationales»</a> <i>Géoéconomie</i> 55 (4): 113.  <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<span class="neverexpand"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.3917%2Fgeoec.055.0113">10.3917/geoec.055.0113</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldcat.org/issn/1620-9869">1620-9869</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2023-08-26)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><a href="#cite_ref-66">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Frantsesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Frantsesez)</b></span></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFComité_International_Olympique">Comité International Olympique. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230130125707/https://stillmed.olympic.org/media/Document%20Library/OlympicOrg/General/FR-Olympic-Charter.pdf">«Charte Olympique - État en vigueur au 17 juillet 202»</a> <i>web.archive.org</i> <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2023-08-26)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><a href="#cite_ref-67">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Frantsesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Frantsesez)</b></span></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFUnion_postale_universelle2023-06-06">Union postale universelle.  (2023-06-06). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230606020605/https://www.upu.int/fr/Union-postale-universelle/%C3%80-propos-de-l%E2%80%99UPU/Histoire/Langues">«Langues»</a> <i>web.archive.org</i> <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2023-08-26)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><a href="#cite_ref-68">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Frantsesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Frantsesez)</b></span></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFSmets2021-07-21">Smets, Thomas.  (2021-07-21). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230320103336/https://www.eyes-on-europe.eu/quelle-place-pour-langlais-dans-lunion-europeenne-post-brexit/">«Quelle place pour l’anglais dans l’Union européenne post-Brexit ?»</a> <i>Eyes on Europe</i> (web.archive.org) <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2023-08-26)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><a href="#cite_ref-69">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Frantsesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Frantsesez)</b></span></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFCentre_de_recherche_pour_l'étude_et_l'observation_des_conditions_de_vie_-_Crédoc2021">Centre de recherche pour l'étude et l'observation des conditions de vie - Crédoc.  (2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230826131955/https://www.credoc.fr/publications/perceptions-de-la-langue-francaise-et-de-la-francophonie-focus-sur-lutilisation-des-langues-etrangeres-dans-le-cadre-professionnel">«Perceptions de la langue française et de la francophonie - Focus sur l'utilisation des langues étrangères dans le cadre professionnel»</a> <i>web.archive.org</i> <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2023-08-26)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><a href="#cite_ref-70">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Frantsesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Frantsesez)</b></span></span> <span class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230721214110/https://european-union.europa.eu/principles-countries-history/languages_fr">«Langues, multilinguisme, régime linguistique | Union européenne»</a> <i>web.archive.org</i> 2023-07-21 <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2023-08-26)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><a href="#cite_ref-71">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Frantsesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Frantsesez)</b></span></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFVasseur2022-11-19">Vasseur, Victor.  (2022-11-19). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230220001150/https://www.radiofrance.fr/franceinter/cinq-infographies-pour-comprendre-la-place-de-la-francophonie-dans-le-monde-7072297">«Cinq infographies pour comprendre la place de la francophonie dans le monde»</a> <i>Radio France Inter</i> (web.archive.org) <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2023-08-26)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><a href="#cite_ref-72">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFLepezHamezBigot_de_Préaméneu2008">Lepez, Brigitte; Hamez, Marie-Pascale; Bigot de Préaméneu, Sophie.  (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.persee.fr/doc/spira_0994-3722_2008_num_42_1_1213">«Le Français Langue Seconde : un domaine didactique en émergence en relation avec la politique d’accueil des flux migratoires»</a> <i>Spirale - Revue de recherches en éducation</i> 42 (1): 123–137.  <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<span class="neverexpand"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.3406%2Fspira.2008.1213">10.3406/spira.2008.1213</a></span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2023-08-26)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><a href="#cite_ref-73">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Frantsesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Frantsesez)</b></span></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFDavid-McGonnell2016-11-30">David-McGonnell, Valérie.  (2016-11-30). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://journals.openedition.org/carnets/1950">«Le français en république d’Irlande»</a> <i>Carnets. Revue électronique d’études françaises de l’APEF</i> (Deuxième série - 8)  <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<span class="neverexpand"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.4000%2Fcarnets.1950">10.4000/carnets.1950</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldcat.org/issn/1646-7698">1646-7698</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2023-08-26)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><a href="#cite_ref-74">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Ingelesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Ingelesez)</b></span></span> <span class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230618053740/https://www.ethnologue.com/insights/ethnologue200/">«What are the top 200 most spoken languages? | Ethnologue Free»</a> <i>web.archive.org</i> 2023-06-18 <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2023-08-26)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-75">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_75-0"><sup><b>a</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_75-1"><sup><b>b</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_75-2"><sup><b>c</b></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> <span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Frantsesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Frantsesez)</b></span></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFMarcouxGagné2004-09-08">Marcoux, Richard; Gagné, Mathieu.  (2004-09-08). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.erudit.org/iderudit/008997ar">«La francophonie de demain : essai de mesure de la population appartenant à la francophonie d’ici 2050»</a> <i>Cahiers québécois de démographie</i> 32 (2): 273–294.  <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<span class="neverexpand"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.7202%2F008997ar">10.7202/008997ar</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldcat.org/issn/1705-1495">1705-1495</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2023-08-26)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ikus,_gainera"><span id="Ikus.2C_gainera"></span>Ikus, gainera</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frantses&veaction=edit&section=30" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Ikus, gainera»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frantses&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section's source code: Ikus, gainera"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Alliance_Fran%C3%A7aise" title="Alliance Française">Alliance Française</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frantziar_kreolerak" title="Frantziar kreolerak">Frantziar kreolerak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euskal_Herriko_hizkuntzak" title="Euskal Herriko hizkuntzak">Euskal Herriko hizkuntzak</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kanpo_estekak">Kanpo estekak</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frantses&veaction=edit&section=31" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Kanpo estekak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frantses&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section's source code: Kanpo estekak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table style="clear: right; float: right; margin: 4px 0 4px 1em; width: 233px; font-size: 88%; line-height: 1.25em; border:1px solid #aaa; background-color:#f9f9f9;"> <tbody><tr> <td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/40px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="37" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/60px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/80px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="103" data-file-height="94" /></span></span></td> <td class="mbox-text" style="">Hizkuntza honek bere <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia">Wikipedia</a> du: <a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="fr:">Bisita ezazu</a>.</td> </tr> </tbody></table> <ul><li><span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Frantsesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Frantsesez)</b></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.academie-francaise.fr/">Frantses Akademiaren webgunea</a></li> <li><span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Frantsesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Frantsesez)</b></span><span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Ingelesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Ingelesez)</b></span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.alliancefr.org/">"Alliance Française" erakundea</a></li> <li><span style="cursor: help; font-size: 90%; font-family: bold; color: gray" title="Frantsesez dago aipu honen iturburua"><b>(Frantsesez)</b></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120519043858/http://www.dicovia.com/dico/basque-francais/lettre-A">Hiztegi Euskara/Frantsesez</a></li></ul> <div style="clear:both;"></div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r7786466">.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control{margin-top:1.5em}.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .navbox hr:last-child{display:none}.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .navbox+.mw-mf-linked-projects{display:none}.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control,.mw-parser-output .mw-mf-linked-projects{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;font-size:88%}.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .mw-mf-linked-projects ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="mw-authority-control"><div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9236167">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px 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#a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output 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style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th id="Autoritate_kontrola" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width: 12%; text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Laguntza:Autoritate_kontrola" title="Laguntza:Autoritate kontrola">Autoritate kontrola</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Wikimedia proiektuak</b></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata"><img alt="Wd" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/20px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/30px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/40px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /></a></span> Datuak:</span> <span class="uid"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q150" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q150">Q150</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Commonscat"><img alt="Commonscat" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/15px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/23px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Multimedia:</span> <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:French_language">French language</a></span> / <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MediaSearch?type=image&search=%22Q150%22">Q150</a></span></span></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><b>Identifikadoreak</b></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Biblioth%C3%A8que_nationale_de_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibliothèque nationale de France">BNF</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11935375d">11935375d</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11935375d">(data)</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Integrated_Authority_File" class="mw-redirect" title="Integrated Authority File">GND</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4113615-9">4113615-9</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Control_Number" title="Library of Congress Control Number">LCCN</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85051829">sh85051829</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/National_Diet_Library" class="mw-redirect" title="National Diet Library">NDL</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00563732">00563732</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_the_Czech_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="National Library of the Czech Republic">NKC</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph135297">ph135297</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Art_%26_Architecture_Thesaurus" title="Art & Architecture Thesaurus">AAT</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.getty.edu/vow/AATFullDisplay?find=&logic=AND&note=&subjectid=300388306">300388306</a></span></li> <li><b>Hiztegiak eta entziklopediak</b></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Historical_Dictionary_of_Switzerland" class="mw-redirect" title="Historical Dictionary of Switzerland">HDS</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hls-dhs-dss.ch/de/articles/011195">011195</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Britannica</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/French-language">url</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="mw-mf-linked-projects hlist"> <ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata"><img alt="Wd" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/20px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/30px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/40px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /></a></span> Datuak:</span> <span class="uid"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q150" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q150">Q150</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Commonscat"><img alt="Commonscat" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/15px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/23px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Multimedia:</span> <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:French_language">French language</a></span> / <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MediaSearch?type=image&search=%22Q150%22">Q150</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></div> <p><br /> </p> <table class="navbox collapsible autocollapse" style="clear: both; width: 100%; text-align: center; padding: 0; border:1px solid #aaa; background-color:#f9f9f9; color: #111; font-size: 95%; margin-bottom: 0;" align="center"> <tbody><tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Flag_of_Europe.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Europako bandera"><img alt="Europako bandera" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/20px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/30px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/40px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="810" data-file-height="540" /></a></span> </td> <th width="100%" style="padding-top: 0.2em; padding-bottom: 0.2em; background: #ccccff"><a href="/wiki/Europar_Batasuna" title="Europar Batasuna">Europar Batasuneko</a> hizkuntza ofizialak </th> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Flag_of_Europe.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Europako bandera"><img alt="Europako bandera" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/20px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/30px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/40px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="810" data-file-height="540" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" align="center" style="font-size: 90%; padding: 0.5em 1em; background:white"> <p><a href="/wiki/Aleman" title="Aleman">Alemana</a> · <a href="/wiki/Bulgariera" title="Bulgariera">Bulgariera</a> · <a href="/wiki/Daniera" title="Daniera">Daniera</a> · <a href="/wiki/Errumaniera" title="Errumaniera">Errumaniera</a> · <a href="/wiki/Eslovakiera" title="Eslovakiera">Eslovakiera</a> · <a href="/wiki/Esloveniera" title="Esloveniera">Esloveniera</a> · <a href="/wiki/Estoniera" title="Estoniera">Estoniera</a> · <a href="/wiki/Finlandiera" title="Finlandiera">Finlandiera</a> · <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Frantsesa</a> · <a href="/wiki/Gaelera" class="mw-redirect" title="Gaelera">Gaelera</a> · <a href="/wiki/Gaztelania" title="Gaztelania">Gaztelania</a> · <a href="/wiki/Greziera" title="Greziera">Greziera</a> · <a href="/wiki/Hungariera" title="Hungariera">Hungariera</a> · <a href="/wiki/Ingeles" title="Ingeles">Ingelesa</a> · <a href="/wiki/Italiera" title="Italiera">Italiera</a> · <a href="/wiki/Letoniera" title="Letoniera">Letoniera</a> · <a href="/wiki/Lituaniera" title="Lituaniera">Lituaniera</a> · <a href="/wiki/Maltera" title="Maltera">Maltera</a> · <a href="/wiki/Nederlandera" title="Nederlandera">Nederlandera</a> · <a href="/wiki/Poloniera" title="Poloniera">Poloniera</a> · <a href="/wiki/Portuges" title="Portuges">Portugesa</a> · <a href="/wiki/Suediera" title="Suediera">Suediera</a> · <a href="/wiki/Txekiera" title="Txekiera">Txekiera</a> </p> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9236167"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9236165"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Hizkuntza_erromantzeak" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9236167"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9235565">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-ikusi"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Txantiloi:Hizkuntza_erromantzeak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Txantiloi:Hizkuntza erromantzeak (sortu gabe)"><abbr title="Txantiloi hau ikusi" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">i</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-eztabaida"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Txantiloi_eztabaida:Hizkuntza_erromantzeak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Txantiloi eztabaida:Hizkuntza erromantzeak (sortu gabe)"><abbr title="Txantiloi hau eztabaidatu" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-aldatu"><a class="external text" href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Txantiloi:Hizkuntza_erromantzeak&action=edit"><abbr title="Txantiloi hau aldatu" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">a</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Hizkuntza_erromantzeak" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Hizkuntza_erromantzeak" title="Hizkuntza erromantzeak">Hizkuntza erromantzeak</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ekialdekoak</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Aromaniera" title="Aromaniera">Aromaniera</a> • <b><a href="/wiki/Errumaniera" title="Errumaniera">Errumaniera</a></b> (<a href="/wiki/Moldaviera" title="Moldaviera">moldaviera</a>, <a href="/wiki/Valakiera" title="Valakiera">valakiera</a>) • <a href="/wiki/Istro-romaniera" title="Istro-romaniera">Istro-romaniera</a> • <a href="/wiki/Meglenera" title="Meglenera">Meglenera</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Hegoaldekoak</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Sardiniera" title="Sardiniera">Sardiniera</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Campidanera&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Campidanera (sortu gabe)">campidanera</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Logudorera&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Logudorera (sortu gabe)">logudorera</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sassariera" title="Sassariera">sassariera</a>)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mendebaldekoak</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Astur-leones" title="Astur-leones">Astur-leonesa</a> (<a href="/wiki/Asturiera" title="Asturiera">asturiera</a>, <a href="/wiki/Extremadurera" title="Extremadurera">extremadurera</a>, <a href="/wiki/Leones" title="Leones">leonesa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mirandes" title="Mirandes">mirandesa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Monta%C3%B1es" title="Montañes">montañesa</a>) • <a href="/wiki/Borgoinera" title="Borgoinera">Borgoinera</a> • <i><a href="/wiki/Dalmaziera" title="Dalmaziera">Dalmaziera</a></i> • <a href="/wiki/Emiliano-romagnolo" title="Emiliano-romagnolo">Emiliano-romagnoloa</a> • <a href="/wiki/Erretorromaniera" title="Erretorromaniera">Erretorromaniera</a> (<a href="/wiki/Erromantxe" title="Erromantxe">erromantxea</a>, <a href="/wiki/Friuliera" title="Friuliera">friuliera</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ladino_(erretorromaniera)" title="Ladino (erretorromaniera)">ladinoa</a>) • <a href="/wiki/Franche-comtera" title="Franche-comtera">Franche-comtera</a> • <a href="/wiki/Frankoprovenzera" class="mw-redirect" title="Frankoprovenzera">Frankoprovenzera</a> • <b><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Frantsesa</a></b> • <a href="/wiki/Galiziera" title="Galiziera">Galiziera</a> (<a href="/wiki/Eonaviera" title="Eonaviera">eonaviera</a>, <a href="/wiki/Extremadurako_fala" title="Extremadurako fala">fala</a>) • <a href="/wiki/Galo" title="Galo">Galoa</a> • <b><a href="/wiki/Gaztelania" title="Gaztelania">Gaztelania</a></b> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekuatoreginear_gaztelania&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ekuatoreginear gaztelania (sortu gabe)">ekuatoreginear gaztelania</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Europar_gaztelania&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Europar gaztelania (sortu gabe)">europar gaztelania</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Filipinar_gaztelania&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Filipinar gaztelania (sortu gabe)">filipinar gaztelania</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kalo" title="Kalo">kaloa</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Latinoamerikar_gaztelania&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Latinoamerikar gaztelania (sortu gabe)">latinoamerikar gaztelania</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Saharar_gaztelania&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Saharar gaztelania (sortu gabe)">saharar gaztelania</a>) • <a href="/wiki/Istriera" title="Istriera">Istriera</a> • <b><a href="/wiki/Italiera" title="Italiera">Italiera</a></b> • <b><a href="/wiki/Katalan" title="Katalan">Katalana</a></b> (<a href="/wiki/Algerera" title="Algerera">algerera</a>, <a href="/wiki/Balearrera" title="Balearrera">balearrera</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sortaldeko_katalan_erdialdekoa" title="Sortaldeko katalan erdialdekoa">erdialdekoa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Valentziera" title="Valentziera">valentziera</a>) • <a href="/wiki/Korsikera" title="Korsikera">Korsikera</a> (<a href="/wiki/Gallurera" title="Gallurera">gallurera</a>) • <a href="/wiki/Ladino_(judu-espainiera)" title="Ladino (judu-espainiera)">Ladinoa</a> • <a href="/wiki/Liguriera" title="Liguriera">Liguriera</a> (<a href="/wiki/Genovera" title="Genovera">genovera</a>, <a href="/wiki/Monakoera" title="Monakoera">monakoera</a>) • <a href="/wiki/Lombardiera" title="Lombardiera">Lombardiera</a> • <a href="/wiki/Lorrenera" title="Lorrenera">Lorrenera</a> • <i><a href="/wiki/Mozarabiera" title="Mozarabiera">Mozarabiera</a></i> • <i><a href="/wiki/Nafar-aragoiera" title="Nafar-aragoiera">Nafar-aragoiera</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Aragoiera" title="Aragoiera">aragoiera</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Gaztelaniaren_aurretiko_errioxera" title="Gaztelaniaren aurretiko errioxera">errioxera</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nafar_erromantze" title="Nafar erromantze">nafar erromantzea</a></i>) • <b><a href="/wiki/Napoliera" title="Napoliera">Napoliera</a></b> • <a href="/wiki/Normandiera" title="Normandiera">Normandiera</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jerseyera&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jerseyera (sortu gabe)">jerseyera</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Guerneseyera&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Guerneseyera (sortu gabe)">guerneseyera</a>) • <a href="/wiki/Okzitaniera" title="Okzitaniera">Okzitaniera</a> (<a href="/wiki/Gaskoi_(hizkuntza)" class="mw-redirect" title="Gaskoi (hizkuntza)">gaskoia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Limousinera" title="Limousinera">limousinera</a>, <a href="/wiki/Proventzera" title="Proventzera">proventzera</a>) • <a href="/wiki/Piemontera" title="Piemontera">Piemontera</a> • <a href="/wiki/Pikardiera" title="Pikardiera">Pikardiera</a> • <a href="/wiki/Poitevin" title="Poitevin">Poitevin</a> • <b><a href="/wiki/Portuges" title="Portuges">Portugesa</a></b> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Afrikar_portuges&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Afrikar portuges (sortu gabe)">afrikar portugesa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brasildar_portuges" title="Brasildar portuges">brasildar portugesa</a>) • <b><a href="/wiki/Siziliera" title="Siziliera">Siziliera</a></b> • <a href="/wiki/Valoniera" title="Valoniera">Valoniera</a> • <a href="/wiki/Veneziera" title="Veneziera">Veneziera</a> • <a href="/wiki/Xanpainera" title="Xanpainera">Xanpainera</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><small>Letra <i>etzanez</i>: <a href="/wiki/Hizkuntza_hil" title="Hizkuntza hil">hizkuntza hilak</a>. Letra <b>lodiz</b>: <a href="/wiki/Hizkuntzen_zerrenda_hiztun_kopuruaren_arabera" class="mw-redirect" title="Hizkuntzen zerrenda hiztun kopuruaren arabera">5 milioi hiztun baino gehiagokoak</a>. Parentesi artean: parentesiaren ezkerrean dagoen hizkuntzaren <a href="/wiki/Dialekto" title="Dialekto">dialektoak</a>.</small></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐7d89b5d4c4‐f5rrx Cached time: 20241120164250 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [show‐toc] CPU time usage: 1.348 seconds Real time usage: 2.000 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 46755/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 385608/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 110051/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 18/100 Expensive parser function count: 9/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 92283/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.392/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 4640708/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 19/400 --> <!-- Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 1506.571 1 -total 35.68% 537.541 1 Txantiloi:Hizkuntza_infotaula 35.39% 533.141 1 Txantiloi:Infotaula 27.68% 417.038 1 Txantiloi:Erreferentzia_zerrenda 24.53% 369.564 75 Txantiloi:Erreferentzia 23.27% 350.578 150 Txantiloi:Erreferentzia/oinarria 18.88% 284.405 1 Txantiloi:Autoritate_kontrola 9.66% 145.542 1 Txantiloi:If_empty 5.45% 82.068 16 Txantiloi:Bandera 3.28% 49.380 2 Txantiloi:Top_icon --> <!-- Saved in parser cache with key euwiki:pcache:idhash:5852-0!canonical and timestamp 20241120164250 and revision id 9815192. 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