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class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Type of figure in European decorative art</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:18th_century_Italian_blackamoors,_HAA.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/18th_century_Italian_blackamoors%2C_HAA.jpg/220px-18th_century_Italian_blackamoors%2C_HAA.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="235" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/18th_century_Italian_blackamoors%2C_HAA.jpg/330px-18th_century_Italian_blackamoors%2C_HAA.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/18th_century_Italian_blackamoors%2C_HAA.jpg/440px-18th_century_Italian_blackamoors%2C_HAA.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2623" data-file-height="2807" /></a><figcaption>Pair of Italian figures in painted wood, 18th century</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mohr_mit_Smaragdstufe_Gr%C3%BCnes_Gew%C3%B6lbe_Dresden.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Mohr_mit_Smaragdstufe_Gr%C3%BCnes_Gew%C3%B6lbe_Dresden.jpg/220px-Mohr_mit_Smaragdstufe_Gr%C3%BCnes_Gew%C3%B6lbe_Dresden.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="479" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/24/Mohr_mit_Smaragdstufe_Gr%C3%BCnes_Gew%C3%B6lbe_Dresden.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="247" data-file-height="538" /></a><figcaption>"Moor with Emerald Cluster" by <a href="/wiki/Balthasar_Permoser" title="Balthasar Permoser">Balthasar Permoser</a> in the collection of the <span title="German-language text"><span lang="de" style="font-style: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Gr%C3%BCnes_Gew%C3%B6lbe" class="mw-redirect" title="Grünes Gewölbe">Grünes Gewölbe</a></span></span></figcaption></figure> <p><b>Blackamoor</b> is a type of figure and visual trope in European <a href="/wiki/Decorative_art" class="mw-redirect" title="Decorative art">decorative art</a>, typically found in works from the <a href="/wiki/Early_Modern_period" class="mw-redirect" title="Early Modern period">Early Modern period</a>, depicting a man of <a href="/wiki/Sub-Saharan_Africa" title="Sub-Saharan Africa">sub-Saharan</a> African descent, usually in clothing that suggests high status. Common examples of items and objects decorated in the blackamoor style include sculpture, jewellery, and furniture. Typically the sculpted figures carried something, such as candles or a tray. They were thus an exotic and lightweight variant for the <a href="/wiki/Atlas_(architecture)" title="Atlas (architecture)">"atlas" in architecture and decorative arts</a>, especially popular in the <a href="/wiki/Rococo" title="Rococo">Rococo</a> period. </p><p>The term "blackamoor" or "black moor" was once a general term for black people in English,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "formerly without depreciatory force" as the <i><a href="/wiki/Oxford_English_Dictionary" title="Oxford English Dictionary">Oxford English Dictionary</a></i> puts it.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The style is now viewed by some as racist and culturally insensitive.<sup id="cite_ref-telegraph2017_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-telegraph2017-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, blackamoor pieces are still produced, mainly in <a href="/wiki/Venice" title="Venice">Venice</a>, <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Jewelry_and_decorative_arts">Jewelry and decorative arts</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Blackamoor_(decorative_arts)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Jewelry and decorative arts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sultanoistambul_(11).JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Sultanoistambul_%2811%29.JPG/220px-Sultanoistambul_%2811%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Sultanoistambul_%2811%29.JPG/330px-Sultanoistambul_%2811%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Sultanoistambul_%2811%29.JPG/440px-Sultanoistambul_%2811%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="506" data-file-height="675" /></a><figcaption>Moretto Veneziano (Sultano)</figcaption></figure> <p>In jewelry, blackamoor figures usually appear in antique <a href="/wiki/Venice" title="Venice">Venetian</a> <a href="/wiki/Earrings" class="mw-redirect" title="Earrings">earrings</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bracelets" class="mw-redirect" title="Bracelets">bracelets</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cuff_links" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuff links">cuff links</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Brooch" title="Brooch">brooches</a> (Moretto Veneziano). Blackamoor jewelry is also traditionally produced, based on legend found in <span title="Croatian-language text"><span lang="hr" style="font-style: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Fiume" class="mw-redirect" title="Fiume">Fiume</a></span></span>, such as earrings and brooches under the name <span title="Croatian-language text"><i lang="hr">Morčić</i></span> or Moretto Fiumano.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Agostino_Gigante_juwelier_-_Fiume.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Agostino_Gigante_juwelier_-_Fiume.jpg/220px-Agostino_Gigante_juwelier_-_Fiume.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="192" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Agostino_Gigante_juwelier_-_Fiume.jpg/330px-Agostino_Gigante_juwelier_-_Fiume.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Agostino_Gigante_juwelier_-_Fiume.jpg/440px-Agostino_Gigante_juwelier_-_Fiume.jpg 2x" data-file-width="578" data-file-height="504" /></a><figcaption>Advertisement for a jewellery store in Fiume* (early 20th century)). *Today Rijeka, Croatia</figcaption></figure> <p>Some contemporary craftspeople continue to make individual pieces; however, production of blackamoor jewelry is becoming more rare, due to the decorative style increasingly being viewed as problematic and offensive for its depiction of dark-skinned people as "exotic" and decorative. </p><p>Blackamoor figures are typically male, sometimes depicted with a head covering such as a <a href="/wiki/Turban" title="Turban">turban</a>. Sculptures are typically carved from <a href="/wiki/Ebony" title="Ebony">ebony</a>, or painted black to contrast with the bright colors of the embellishments. Depictions may only represent the head, or head and shoulders, facing the viewer in a symmetrical pose. </p><p>In decorative sculpture, the full body is depicted, either to hold trays as a servant figure, or bronze sconces to hold candles or light fixtures. They may be incorporated into small stands, tables, or <a href="/wiki/Andiron" title="Andiron">andirons</a>, and are often portrayed in pairs. Often, blackamoor figures are depicted in acrobatic positions that would be physically impossible to hold for any extended length of time. Notable sculptors of blackamoor figures include <a href="/wiki/Andrea_Brustolon" title="Andrea Brustolon">Andrea Brustolon</a> (1662–1732), who is considered by some<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Words_to_watch#Unsupported_attributions" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Words to watch"><span title="The material near this tag possibly uses too-vague attribution or weasel words. (February 2021)">who?</span></a></i>]</sup> to be the most important artist of blackamoor sculptures. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dunham_Massey_2016_058.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Dunham_Massey_2016_058.jpg/220px-Dunham_Massey_2016_058.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Dunham_Massey_2016_058.jpg/330px-Dunham_Massey_2016_058.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Dunham_Massey_2016_058.jpg/440px-Dunham_Massey_2016_058.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption>The ‘kneeling slave’ holding a sundial on his head outside <a href="/wiki/Dunham_Massey_Hall" title="Dunham Massey Hall">Dunham Massey Hall</a> was removed by the <a href="/wiki/National_Trust" title="National Trust">National Trust</a> in 2020 after the murder of <a href="/wiki/George_Floyd" title="George Floyd">George Floyd</a> for its degrading depiction.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Collections">Collections</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Blackamoor_(decorative_arts)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Collections"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Mohr mit Smaragdstufe</i></span> ("Moor with <a href="/wiki/Emerald" title="Emerald">Emerald</a> Cluster"), in the collection of the <a href="/wiki/Gr%C3%BCnes_Gew%C3%B6lbe" class="mw-redirect" title="Grünes Gewölbe">Grünes Gewölbe</a> in <a href="/wiki/Dresden,_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="Dresden, Germany">Dresden, Germany</a>, created by <a href="/wiki/Balthasar_Permoser" title="Balthasar Permoser">Balthasar Permoser</a> in 1724, is a richly decorated statue with jewels, 63.8 cm (25.1 in) tall. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Dunham_Massey_Hall_sundial" title="Dunham Massey Hall sundial">Dunham Massey Hall sundial</a> depicts a blackamoor carrying the sundial above his head. From the period of the <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_slave_trade" title="Atlantic slave trade">Atlantic slave trade</a>, it has also been categorised as a 'kneeling slave'. The statue was set up as one monument to honour the <a href="/wiki/Henry_Booth,_1st_Earl_of_Warrington" title="Henry Booth, 1st Earl of Warrington">1st Earl of Warrington</a> by his son, the <a href="/wiki/George_Booth,_2nd_Earl_of_Warrington" title="George Booth, 2nd Earl of Warrington">second Earl</a> in c. 1735. It was cast after a model by <a href="/wiki/John_Nost" title="John Nost">John Nost I</a> for <a href="/wiki/William_III_of_England" title="William III of England">William III of England</a>'s Privy Garden at <a href="/wiki/Hampton_Court_Palace" title="Hampton Court Palace">Hampton Court Palace</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In June 2020, the <a href="/wiki/National_Trust" title="National Trust">National Trust</a> removed the Grade II-listed statue from the forecourt of <a href="/wiki/Dunham_Massey_Hall" title="Dunham Massey Hall">Dunham Massey Hall</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Aleksandr_Pushkin" class="mw-redirect" title="Aleksandr Pushkin">Aleksandr Pushkin</a> had a blackamoor figurine on his desk to remind him of <a href="/wiki/Abram_Petrovich_Gannibal" title="Abram Petrovich Gannibal">Abram Petrovich Gannibal</a>, his great-grandfather. This figure can be seen in his former <a href="/wiki/St._Petersburg" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Petersburg">St. Petersburg</a> apartment, now turned into a museum.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2017)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Vogue editor <a href="/wiki/Diana_Vreeland" title="Diana Vreeland">Diana Vreeland</a> had a famous collection of blackamoor figurines<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and blackamoor jewelry and famously said: “Have I ever showed you my little blackamoor heads from Cartier with their enameled turbans? I’m told it’s not in good taste to wear blackamoors anymore, but I think I’ll revive them.”<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Civil-Rights Activist and pop star <a href="/wiki/Anita_Pointer" title="Anita Pointer">Anita Pointer</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Pointer_Sisters" class="mw-redirect" title="Pointer Sisters">Pointer Sisters</a> has some blackamoor pieces in her extensive collection of black memorabilia that she started in the 1970s. As a child, she witnessed extreme racial oppression in her mother's hometown, <a href="/wiki/Prescott,_Arizona" title="Prescott, Arizona">Prescott</a>. When she started traveling abroad, she was amazed that she could find collectible pieces in other parts of the world that told the same story as Black American History.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Heraldry">Heraldry</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Blackamoor_(decorative_arts)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Heraldry"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Maure" class="mw-redirect" title="Maure">Maure</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:CLAN_MACLELLAN.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/CLAN_MACLELLAN.jpg/150px-CLAN_MACLELLAN.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/CLAN_MACLELLAN.jpg/225px-CLAN_MACLELLAN.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/CLAN_MACLELLAN.jpg/300px-CLAN_MACLELLAN.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1328" data-file-height="1660" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Scottish_crest_badge" title="Scottish crest badge">Scottish crest badge</a> of <a href="/wiki/Clan_MacLellan" title="Clan MacLellan">Clan MacLellan</a> featuring the head of <a href="/wiki/Black_Morrow" title="Black Morrow">Black Morrow</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Sardinia,_Italy.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Flag_of_Sardinia%2C_Italy.svg/220px-Flag_of_Sardinia%2C_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Flag_of_Sardinia%2C_Italy.svg/330px-Flag_of_Sardinia%2C_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Flag_of_Sardinia%2C_Italy.svg/440px-Flag_of_Sardinia%2C_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="895" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Sardinia" title="Flag of Sardinia">flag of Sardinia</a>, including four "Maure" motifs, or Moors' heads.</figcaption></figure> <p>In heraldry, a blackamoor may be a <a href="/wiki/Charge_(heraldry)" title="Charge (heraldry)">charge</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Blazon" title="Blazon">blazon</a>, or description of a coat of arms. The isolated head of a moor is blazoned "a Maure" or a "moor's head". </p><p>The reasons for the inclusion of a blackamoor head vary. The Moor's head on the <a href="/wiki/Heraldic_crest" class="mw-redirect" title="Heraldic crest">crest</a> that appears on the <a href="/wiki/Coat_of_Arms" class="mw-redirect" title="Coat of Arms">arms</a> of <a href="/wiki/Lord_Kirkcudbright" title="Lord Kirkcudbright">Lord Kirkcudbright</a>, and in consequence the modern <a href="/wiki/Scottish_crest_badge" title="Scottish crest badge">crest badge</a> used by <a href="/wiki/Clan_MacLellan" title="Clan MacLellan">Clan MacLellan</a> is supposed to derive from the killing of a moorish bandit known as <a href="/wiki/Black_Morrow" title="Black Morrow">Black Morrow</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-MacLellan-myclan_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MacLellan-myclan-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The blazon is <i>a naked arm supporting on the point of a sword, a moor's head</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-celticstudio-MacLellan_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-celticstudio-MacLellan-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other examples appear to depict captives; the <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Sardinia" title="Flag of Sardinia">flag of Sardinia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Corsica" class="mw-redirect" title="Flag of Corsica">the neighboring Corsica</a>, derived from the <a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Aragon" title="Coat of arms of Aragon">coat of arms of Aragon</a>, depict <i><a href="/wiki/Maure" class="mw-redirect" title="Maure">Maures</a>'</i> heads with <a href="/wiki/Bandana" class="mw-redirect" title="Bandana">bandanas</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sculpture">Sculpture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Blackamoor_(decorative_arts)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Sculpture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ulriksdal_Mohr.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Ulriksdal_Mohr.jpg/220px-Ulriksdal_Mohr.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Ulriksdal_Mohr.jpg/330px-Ulriksdal_Mohr.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Ulriksdal_Mohr.jpg/440px-Ulriksdal_Mohr.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1920" /></a><figcaption>A typical blackamoor sculpture in a servant role, "holding" <a href="/wiki/Morianbron" title="Morianbron">Morianbron</a> (Blackamoor Bridge) in <a href="/wiki/Ulriksdal_Palace" title="Ulriksdal Palace">Ulriksdal Palace</a>, Sweden.</figcaption></figure> <p>Blackamoor figures were also used in larger sculptures, such as on Blackamoor Bridge in <a href="/wiki/Ulriksdal_Palace" title="Ulriksdal Palace">Ulriksdal Palace</a>, Sweden. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Fred_Wilson_(artist)" title="Fred Wilson (artist)">Fred Wilson</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> an African-American sculptor, displayed an installation at the 2003 <a href="/wiki/Venice_Biennale" title="Venice Biennale">Venice Biennale</a> that incorporated blackamoors.<sup id="cite_ref-nym_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nym-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Wilson placed wooden blackamoors carrying acetylene torches and fire extinguishers. Wilson noted that such figures are so common in Venice, few people notice them. He said, "They are in hotels everywhere in Venice ... which is great, because all of a sudden you see them everywhere. I wanted it to be visible, this whole world which sort of just blew up for me."<sup id="cite_ref-nym_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nym-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Racism">Racism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Blackamoor_(decorative_arts)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Racism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Blackamoors have a long history in decorative art, stretching back to 17th century Italy and the famous sculptor Andrea Brustolon (1662–1732). They are often recognized for depictions of slaves and the ornamental pieces that they inspired. </p><p>In modern times, the blackamoor is considered to have racist connotations, with its association to colonialism and slavery.<sup id="cite_ref-telegraph2017_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-telegraph2017-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Art historian Adrienne Childs criticised the "romanticised" depictions and interpretations of blackamoor pieces, arguing that the depictions of black people in the blackamoor style obscured and made palatable the existence of slaves in the colonies, and evidenced "a culture that marginalised and dominated blacks".<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Blackamoor_(decorative_arts)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The term is ultimately derived from the name of the <a href="/wiki/Moors" title="Moors">Moors</a>, a historic people in the western Mediterranean. Other similarly derived words include <a href="/wiki/Kammermohr" title="Kammermohr">Kammermohr</a>, Matamoros, <a href="/wiki/Maure" class="mw-redirect" title="Maure">Maure</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mohr_im_Hemd" title="Mohr im Hemd">Mohr im Hemd</a>, <a href="/wiki/Moresca" title="Moresca">Moresca</a>, <a href="/wiki/Moresche_(music)" title="Moresche (music)">Moresche</a>, <a href="/wiki/Moresque" title="Moresque">Moresque</a>, <a href="/wiki/More%C5%A1ka" title="Moreška">Moreška</a>, <a href="/wiki/Morianbron" title="Morianbron">Morianbron</a>, <a href="/wiki/Morisco" title="Morisco">Morisco</a>, <a href="/wiki/Moros_y_cristianos" title="Moros y cristianos">Moros y cristianos</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Morris_dance" title="Morris dance">Morris dance</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Blackamoor_(decorative_arts)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_Madonna" title="Black Madonna">Black Madonna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cigar_store_Indian" title="Cigar store Indian">Cigar store Indian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawn_jockey" title="Lawn jockey">Lawn jockey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concrete_Aboriginal" title="Concrete Aboriginal">Concrete Aboriginal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Representation_of_slavery_in_European_art" title="Representation of slavery in European art">Representation of slavery in European art</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Blackamoor_(decorative_arts)&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFDasMeloSmithWorking2021" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Nandini_Das" title="Nandini Das">Das, Nandini</a>; Melo, João Vicente; Smith, Haig Z.; Working, Lauren (2021). "Blackamoor/Moor". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctv1t8q92s.7"><i>Keywords of Identity, Race, and Human Mobility in Early Modern England</i></a>. Amsterdam: <a href="/wiki/Amsterdam_University_Press" title="Amsterdam University Press">Amsterdam University Press</a>. pp. 40–50. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2Fj.ctv1t8q92s.7">10.2307/j.ctv1t8q92s.7</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789463720748" title="Special:BookSources/9789463720748"><bdi>9789463720748</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctv1t8q92s.7">j.ctv1t8q92s.7</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:242157432">242157432</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Blackamoor%2FMoor&rft.btitle=Keywords+of+Identity%2C+Race%2C+and+Human+Mobility+in+Early+Modern+England&rft.place=Amsterdam&rft.pages=40-50&rft.pub=Amsterdam+University+Press&rft.date=2021&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2Fj.ctv1t8q92s.7&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A242157432%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2Fj.ctv1t8q92s.7%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.isbn=9789463720748&rft.aulast=Das&rft.aufirst=Nandini&rft.au=Melo%2C+Jo%C3%A3o+Vicente&rft.au=Smith%2C+Haig+Z.&rft.au=Working%2C+Lauren&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2Fj.ctv1t8q92s.7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlackamoor+%28decorative+arts%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"blackamoor", <a href="/wiki/OED" class="mw-redirect" title="OED">OED</a>. The form with the connecting "a", whose origin is unclear, was first recorded in 1581, as "black a Moore".</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-telegraph2017-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-telegraph2017_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-telegraph2017_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHolt2017" class="citation news cs1">Holt, Bethan (22 December 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/fashion/people/princess-michael-kent-prompts-controversy-wearing-racist-blackamoor/">"Princess Michael of Kent prompts controversy after wearing 'racist' 'blackamoor' brooch to lunch with Meghan Markle"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph" title="The Daily Telegraph">The Daily Telegraph</a></i>. London<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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London: <a href="/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0754663867" title="Special:BookSources/978-0754663867"><bdi>978-0754663867</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=8&rft.btitle=The+Cultural+Aesthetics+of+Eighteenth-Century+Porcelain&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0754663867&rft.aulast=Childs&rft.aufirst=Adrienne+L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlackamoor+%28decorative+arts%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBazilian2020" class="citation web cs1">Bazilian, Emma (28 August 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.housebeautiful.com/lifestyle/a33823120/blackamoor-history/">"There's No Excuse for Buying or Decorating With Blackamoors"</a>. <i>housebeautiful.com</i>. House Beautiful. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20210209203958/https://www.housebeautiful.com/lifestyle/a33823120/blackamoor-history/">Archived</a> from the original on 9 February 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 April</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=housebeautiful.com&rft.atitle=There%27s+No+Excuse+for+Buying+or+Decorating+With+Blackamoors&rft.date=2020-08-28&rft.aulast=Bazilian&rft.aufirst=Emma&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.housebeautiful.com%2Flifestyle%2Fa33823120%2Fblackamoor-history%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlackamoor+%28decorative+arts%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSymington2020" class="citation web cs1">Symington, Emily (29 August 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.varsity.co.uk/arts/19751">"Racist Porcelain: The Trend of the "Blackamoor" in Europe"</a>. <i>varsity.co.uk</i>. Varsity. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20210209204134/https://www.varsity.co.uk/arts/19751">Archived</a> from the original on 9 February 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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