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vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Political_appropriations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.4 Political appropriations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Political_appropriations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Critical_interpretations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Critical_interpretations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Critical interpretations </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Critical_interpretations-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Critical interpretations subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Critical_interpretations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Parody,_subversion,_and_genre" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Parody,_subversion,_and_genre"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Parody, subversion, and genre </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Parody,_subversion,_and_genre-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Capitalism_and_technology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Capitalism_and_technology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 Capitalism and technology </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Capitalism_and_technology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Offshoots_and_subgenres" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Offshoots_and_subgenres"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Offshoots and subgenres </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Offshoots_and_subgenres-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Offshoots and subgenres subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Offshoots_and_subgenres-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Future_funk" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Future_funk"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 Future funk </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Future_funk-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hardvapour" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hardvapour"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 Hardvapour </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hardvapour-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mallsoft" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mallsoft"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.3 Mallsoft </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mallsoft-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fashwave" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fashwave"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.4 Fashwave </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fashwave-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Others" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Others"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.5 Others </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Others-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Notes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Bibliography </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Vaporwave</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 36 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-36" aria-hidden="true" > 36 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaporwave" title="Vaporwave – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Vaporwave" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%81" title="فابورويف – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="فابورويف" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaporwave" title="Vaporwave – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Vaporwave" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaporwave" title="Vaporwave – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Vaporwave" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaporwave" title="Vaporwave – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Vaporwave" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaporwave" title="Vaporwave – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Vaporwave" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaporwave" title="Vaporwave – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Vaporwave" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaporondo" title="Vaporondo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Vaporondo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaporwave" title="Vaporwave – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Vaporwave" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%BE%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%88" title="ویپورویو – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ویپورویو" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaporwave" title="Vaporwave – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Vaporwave" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaporwave" title="Vaporwave – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Vaporwave" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B2%A0%EC%9D%B4%ED%8D%BC%EC%9B%A8%EC%9D%B4%EB%B8%8C" title="베이퍼웨이브 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="베이퍼웨이브" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaporwave" title="Vaporwave – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Vaporwave" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaporwave" title="Vaporwave – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Vaporwave" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaporwave" title="Vaporwave – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Vaporwave" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%95%D7%99%D7%99%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%95%D7%99%D7%99%D7%91" title="וייפורווייב – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="וייפורווייב" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaporwave" title="Vaporwave – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Vaporwave" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jawa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaporwave" title="Vaporwave – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Vaporwave" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaporwave" title="Vaporwave – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Vaporwave" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%B4%E3%82%A7%E3%82%A4%E3%83%91%E3%83%BC%E3%82%A6%E3%82%A7%E3%82%A4%E3%83%B4" title="ヴェイパーウェイヴ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ヴェイパーウェイヴ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaporwave" title="Vaporwave – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Vaporwave" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaporwave" title="Vaporwave – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Vaporwave" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%9C%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%95%E1%9E%BA%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%9C%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%A0%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9C" title="វ៉ាផឺរវេហ្វ – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="វ៉ាផឺរវេហ្វ" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target">ភាសាខ្មែរ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaporwave" title="Vaporwave – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Vaporwave" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaporwave" title="Vaporwave – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Vaporwave" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaporwave" title="Vaporwave – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Vaporwave" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaporwave" title="Vaporwave – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Vaporwave" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaporwave" title="Vaporwave – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Vaporwave" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D1%98%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%98%D0%B2" title="Вејпорвејв – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Вејпорвејв" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaporwave" title="Vaporwave – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Vaporwave" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaporwave" title="Vaporwave – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Vaporwave" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A7%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%9F" title="เวเพอร์เวฟ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เวเพอร์เวฟ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaporwave" title="Vaporwave – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Vaporwave" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaporwave" title="Vaporwave – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Vaporwave" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%92%B8%E6%B0%94%E6%B3%A2" title="蒸气波 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="蒸气波" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet 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print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Vaporware" title="Vaporware">Vaporware</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above">Vaporwave</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikiwave_00000.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Wikiwave_00000.png/220px-Wikiwave_00000.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="178" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Wikiwave_00000.png/330px-Wikiwave_00000.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Wikiwave_00000.png/440px-Wikiwave_00000.png 2x" data-file-width="2100" data-file-height="1700" /></a><div class="infobox-caption">A vaporwave-style image with <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia">Wikipedia</a> as the main theme</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Etymology</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Vaporware" title="Vaporware">Vaporware</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Stylistic origins</th><td class="infobox-data hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Art_pop" title="Art pop">art pop</a><a href="#cite_note-harper-1">[1]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chopped_and_screwed" title="Chopped and screwed">chopped and screwed</a><a href="#cite_note-electronic-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-subversivedreammusic-3">[3]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chillwave" title="Chillwave">chillwave</a><a href="#cite_note-Schilling2013-4">[4]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_pop" title="City pop">city pop</a><a href="#cite_note-phoenixnewtimes-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-slate-6">[6]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dance_music" title="Dance music">dance</a><a href="#cite_note-Schilling2013-4">[4]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electronic_music" title="Electronic music">Electronic</a><a href="#cite_note-stylus1-7">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETanner20163-8">[8]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elevator_music" title="Elevator music">elevator music</a><a href="#cite_note-subversivedreammusic-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-Aux-9">[9]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypnagogic_pop" title="Hypnagogic pop">hypnagogic pop</a><a href="#cite_note-harper-1">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-stereogum-10">[10]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italo_disco" title="Italo disco">italo disco</a><a href="#cite_note-whatarebarberbeats-11">[11]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lounge_music" title="Lounge music">lounge</a><a href="#cite_note-Thumpsup-12">[12]</a><a href="#cite_note-chicago-13">[13]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muzak" title="Muzak">muzak</a><a href="#cite_note-Thumpsup-12">[12]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETrainer2016419-14">[14]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New-age_music" title="New-age music">new-age</a><a href="#cite_note-Thumpsup-12">[12]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_wave_music" title="New wave music">new wave</a><a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plunderphonics" title="Plunderphonics">plunderphonics</a><a href="#cite_note-subversivedreammusic-3">[3]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pop_ballads" class="mw-redirect" title="Pop ballads">pop ballads</a><a href="#cite_note-essential-16">[16]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-Internet" title="Post-Internet">post-Internet</a><a href="#cite_note-amarca16-17">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contemporary_R%26B" title="Contemporary R&B">R&B</a><a href="#cite_note-subversivedreammusic-3">[3]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smooth_jazz" title="Smooth jazz">smooth jazz</a><a href="#cite_note-subversivedreammusic-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-Thumpsup-12">[12]</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Cultural origins</th><td class="infobox-data hlist">Early 2010s, <a href="/wiki/Internet_culture" title="Internet culture">Internet</a><a href="#cite_note-electronic-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-Thumpsup-12">[12]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Typical instruments</th><td class="infobox-data hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Audio_editing_software" title="Audio editing software">Audio editing software</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_audio_workstation" title="Digital audio workstation">digital audio workstation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_sequencer" title="Music sequencer">sequencer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sampler_(musical_instrument)" title="Sampler (musical instrument)">sampler</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Derivative forms</th><td class="infobox-data hlist"> <ul><li>Simpsonwave (based on <a href="/wiki/The_Simpsons" title="The Simpsons">The Simpsons</a>)<a href="#cite_note-Pitchfork-19">[19]</a><a href="#cite_note-geek.com-20">[20]</a><a href="#cite_note-AVclub-21">[21]</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Subgenres</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mallsoft" title="Mallsoft">Mallsoft</a><a href="#cite_note-electronic-2">[2]</a></li> <li>future funk<a href="#cite_note-subversivedreammusic-3">[3]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hardvapour" title="Hardvapour">hardvapour</a><a href="#cite_note-Arcand-22">[22]</a></li> <li>late night lo-fi<a href="#cite_note-elhype.com-23">[23]</a></li> <li>VHS pop<a href="#cite_note-elhype.com-23">[23]</a></li> <li>utopian virtual<a href="#cite_note-elhype.com-23">[23]</a></li> <li>vaportrap<a href="#cite_note-Arcand-22">[22]</a><a href="#cite_note-Esquire2016-24">[24]</a></li> <li>vapornoise<a href="#cite_note-Arcand-22">[22]</a></li> <li>signalwave<a href="#cite_note-moonlvnding.com-25">[25]</a></li> <li>slushwave<a href="#cite_note-moonlvnding.com-25">[25]</a></li> <li>barber beats<a href="#cite_note-whatarebarberbeats-11">[11]</a><a href="#cite_note-:1-26">[26]</a><a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a><a href="#cite_note-vanpaugambarberbeats-28">[28]</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Fusion genres</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data hlist"> <ul><li>Fashwave<a href="#cite_note-fashwavevice-29">[29]</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Other topics</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cloud_rap" title="Cloud rap">Cloud rap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Distroid" class="mw-redirect" title="Distroid">distroid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hauntology_(music)" title="Hauntology (music)">hauntology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seapunk_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Seapunk music">seapunk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synthwave" title="Synthwave">synthwave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wave_music" title="Wave music">wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Witch_house_(genre)" title="Witch house (genre)">witch house</a></li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table> Vaporwave is a <a href="/wiki/Microgenre" title="Microgenre">microgenre</a> of <a href="/wiki/Electronic_music" title="Electronic music">electronic music</a>, a visual art style, and an <a href="/wiki/Internet_meme" title="Internet meme">Internet meme</a> that emerged in the early 2010s,<a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a><a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a> and became well-known in 2015.<a href="#cite_note-:2-32">[32]</a> It is defined partly by its slowed-down, <a href="/wiki/Chopped_and_screwed" title="Chopped and screwed">chopped and screwed</a> samples of <a href="/wiki/Smooth_jazz" title="Smooth jazz">smooth jazz</a>, 1970s <a href="/wiki/Elevator_music" title="Elevator music">elevator music</a>,<a href="#cite_note-:2-32">[32]</a> <a href="/wiki/Contemporary_R%26B" title="Contemporary R&B">R&B</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Lounge_music" title="Lounge music">lounge music</a> from the 1980s and 1990s, similar to <a href="/wiki/Synthwave" title="Synthwave">synthwave</a>. The surrounding <a href="/wiki/Subculture" title="Subculture">subculture</a> is sometimes associated with an ambiguous or satirical take on <a href="/wiki/Consumer_capitalism" title="Consumer capitalism">consumer capitalism</a><a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pop_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Pop culture">pop culture</a>, and tends to be characterized by a <a href="/wiki/Nostalgic" class="mw-redirect" title="Nostalgic">nostalgic</a> or <a href="/wiki/Surrealist" class="mw-redirect" title="Surrealist">surrealist</a> engagement with the <a href="/wiki/Popular_entertainment" class="mw-redirect" title="Popular entertainment">popular entertainment</a>, technology and <a href="/wiki/Advertising" title="Advertising">advertising</a> of previous decades. Visually, it incorporates early Internet imagery, late 1990s web design, <a href="/wiki/Glitch_art" title="Glitch art">glitch art</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anime" title="Anime">anime</a>, stylized <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_sculpture" title="Ancient Greek sculpture">Ancient Greek</a> or <a href="/wiki/Roman_sculpture" title="Roman sculpture">Roman sculptures</a>, <a href="/wiki/3D_rendering" title="3D rendering">3D-rendered</a> objects, and <a href="/wiki/Cyberpunk" title="Cyberpunk">cyberpunk</a> tropes in its cover artwork and <a href="/wiki/Music_video" title="Music video">music videos</a>. Vaporwave originated as an ironic variant of <a href="/wiki/Chillwave" title="Chillwave">chillwave</a>, evolving from <a href="/wiki/Hypnagogic_pop" title="Hypnagogic pop">hypnagogic pop</a> as well as similar retro-revivalist and <a href="/wiki/Post-Internet" title="Post-Internet">post-Internet</a> motifs that had become fashionable in underground digital music and art scenes of the era, such as <a href="/wiki/Tumblr" title="Tumblr">Tumblr</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Seapunk" title="Seapunk">seapunk</a>. The style was pioneered by producers such as <a href="/wiki/James_Ferraro" title="James Ferraro">James Ferraro</a>, <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Lopatin" class="mw-redirect" title="Daniel Lopatin">Daniel Lopatin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vektroid" class="mw-redirect" title="Vektroid">Ramona Langley</a>, who each used various pseudonyms.<a href="#cite_note-Britton-34">[34]</a> After Langley's album <a href="/wiki/Floral_Shoppe" title="Floral Shoppe">Floral Shoppe</a> (2011) established a blueprint for the genre, the movement built an audience on sites <a href="/wiki/Last.fm" title="Last.fm">Last.fm</a>, <a href="/wiki/Reddit" title="Reddit">Reddit</a> and <a href="/wiki/4chan#/mu/" title="4chan">4chan</a> while a flood of new acts, also operating under online pseudonyms, turned to <a href="/wiki/Bandcamp" title="Bandcamp">Bandcamp</a> for distribution. Following the wider exposure of vaporwave in 2012, a wealth of subgenres and offshoots emerged, such as future funk, <a href="/wiki/Mallsoft" title="Mallsoft">mallsoft</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hardvapour" title="Hardvapour">hardvapour</a>, although most have waned in popularity.<a href="#cite_note-SecondLife-35">[35]</a> The genre also intersected with fashion trends such as <a href="/wiki/Streetwear" title="Streetwear">streetwear</a> and various political movements. Since the mid-2010s, vaporwave has been frequently described as a "dead" genre.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarper2017121-36">[36]</a> The general public came to view vaporwave as a facetious Internet meme, a notion that frustrated some producers who wished to be recognized as serious artists. Many of the most influential artists and record labels associated with vaporwave have since drifted into other musical styles.<a href="#cite_note-SecondLife-35">[35]</a> Later in the 2010s, the genre spurred a revival of interest in Japanese <a href="/wiki/Ambient_music" title="Ambient music">ambient music</a> and <a href="/wiki/City_pop" title="City pop">city pop</a>.<a href="#cite_note-pitchmicro-37">[37]</a> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Characteristics">Characteristics</h2></div> Vaporwave is a hyper-specific subgenre, or "<a href="/wiki/Microgenre" title="Microgenre">microgenre</a>",<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStevensO'Donnell20201–6-38">[38]</a> that is both a form of <a href="/wiki/Electronic_music" title="Electronic music">electronic music</a> and an art style; however, it is sometimes suggested to be primarily a visual medium.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGlitsos2019109-39">[39]</a> The genre is defined largely by its surrounding subculture,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBornHaworth201779-40">[40]</a> with its music inextricable from its visual accoutrements.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGlitsos2019109-39">[39]</a> Academic <a href="/wiki/Laura_Glitsos" title="Laura Glitsos">Laura Glitsos</a> writes, "In this way, vaporwave defies traditional music conventions that typically privilege the music over the visual form."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGlitsos2019109-39">[39]</a> Musically, vaporwave reconfigures <a href="/wiki/Dance_music" title="Dance music">dance music</a> from the 1980s and early 1990s<a href="#cite_note-Schilling2013-4">[4]</a> through the use of <a href="/wiki/Chopped_and_screwed" title="Chopped and screwed">chopped and screwed</a> techniques, repetition, and heavy <a href="/wiki/Reverb" class="mw-redirect" title="Reverb">reverb</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGlitsos2019109-39">[39]</a> It is composed almost entirely from slowed-down samples<a href="#cite_note-harper-1">[1]</a> and its creation requires only the knowledge of rudimentary production techniques.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrankel2019-41">[41]</a> Although, some artists like Dan Mason create vaporwave music from scratch.<a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a> The name derives from "<a href="/wiki/Vaporware" title="Vaporware">vaporware</a>", a term for commercial software that is announced but never released.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBornHaworth201779-40">[40]</a> It builds upon the satirical tendencies of <a href="/wiki/Chillwave" title="Chillwave">chillwave</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hypnagogic_pop" title="Hypnagogic pop">hypnagogic pop</a>, while also being associated with an ambiguous or ironic take on <a href="/wiki/Consumer_capitalism" title="Consumer capitalism">consumer capitalism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Technoculture" title="Technoculture">technoculture</a>.<a href="#cite_note-harper-1">[1]</a> Critic Adam Trainer writes of the style's predilection for "music made less for enjoyment than for the regulation of mood", such as corporate <a href="/wiki/Stock_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Stock music">stock music</a> for <a href="/wiki/Infomercial" title="Infomercial">infomercials</a> and <a href="/wiki/Product_demonstration" title="Product demonstration">product demonstrations</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETrainer2016-43">[43]</a> Academic Adam Harper described the typical vaporwave track as "a wholly synthesised or heavily processed chunk of corporate <a href="/wiki/Mood_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Mood music">mood music</a>, bright and earnest or slow and sultry, often beautiful, either looped out of sync and beyond the point of functionality."<a href="#cite_note-harper-1">[1]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nine_lives_vaporwave.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Nine_lives_vaporwave.jpg/250px-Nine_lives_vaporwave.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Nine_lives_vaporwave.jpg/330px-Nine_lives_vaporwave.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Nine_lives_vaporwave.jpg/500px-Nine_lives_vaporwave.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>Vaporwave artwork</figcaption></figure> Adding to its dual engagement with musical and visual art forms, vaporwave embraces the Internet as a cultural, social, and aesthetic medium.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBornHaworth201779-40">[40]</a> The visual <a href="/wiki/Aesthetic" class="mw-redirect" title="Aesthetic">aesthetic</a> (often stylized as "ＡＥＳＴＨＥＴＩＣＳ", with <a href="/wiki/Halfwidth_and_fullwidth_forms" title="Halfwidth and fullwidth forms">fullwidth</a> characters)<a href="#cite_note-geek.com-20">[20]</a> incorporates early Internet imagery, late 1990s web design, <a href="/wiki/Glitch_art" title="Glitch art">glitch art</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Cyberpunk" title="Cyberpunk">cyberpunk</a> tropes,<a href="#cite_note-Thumpsup-12">[12]</a> as well as <a href="/wiki/Anime" title="Anime">anime</a>, <a href="/wiki/Greco-Roman" class="mw-redirect" title="Greco-Roman">Greco-Roman</a> statues, and 3D-rendered objects.<a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a> <a href="/wiki/VHS" title="VHS">VHS</a> degradation is another common effect seen in vaporwave art. Generally, artists limit the chronology of their source material between <a href="/wiki/Japanese_economic_miracle" title="Japanese economic miracle">Japan's economic flourishing</a> in the 1980s and the <a href="/wiki/September_11_attacks" title="September 11 attacks">September 11 attacks</a> or <a href="/wiki/Dot-com_bubble" title="Dot-com bubble">dot-com bubble</a> burst of 2001 (some albums, including <a href="/wiki/Floral_Shoppe" title="Floral Shoppe">Floral Shoppe</a>, depict the intact <a href="/wiki/World_Trade_Center_(1973%E2%80%932001)" title="World Trade Center (1973–2001)">Twin Towers</a> on their covers).<a href="#cite_note-Colton17-45">[45]</a><a href="#cite_note-47">[nb 1]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History_and_legacy">History and legacy</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Origins_and_precursors">Origins and precursors</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Hauntology_(music)" title="Hauntology (music)">Hauntology (music)</a></div> Vaporwave originated on the Internet in the early 2010s as an ironic variant of chillwave<a href="#cite_note-realgenre-48">[47]</a> and as a derivation of the work of hypnagogic pop artists such as <a href="/wiki/Ariel_Pink" title="Ariel Pink">Ariel Pink</a> and <a href="/wiki/James_Ferraro" title="James Ferraro">James Ferraro</a>, who were also characterized by the invocation of retro popular culture.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETrainer2016416-49">[48]</a> It was one of many Internet microgenres to emerge in this era, alongside <a href="/wiki/Witch_house_(music_genre)" class="mw-redirect" title="Witch house (music genre)">witch house</a>, <a href="/wiki/Seapunk" title="Seapunk">seapunk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shitgaze" class="mw-redirect" title="Shitgaze">shitgaze</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cloud_rap" title="Cloud rap">cloud rap</a>, and others. Cloud rap artists like <a href="/wiki/Bones_(rapper)" title="Bones (rapper)">Bones</a> and <a href="/wiki/GothBoiClique" title="GothBoiClique">GothBoiClique</a> especially drew heavily on vaporwave and witch house, with genre boundaries not becoming distinctly defined until later.<a href="#cite_note-50">[49]</a><a href="#cite_note-thump.vice.com-51">[50]</a> Vaporwave coincided with a broader trend involving young artists whose works drew from their childhoods in the 1980s.<a href="#cite_note-Jr.2018-52">[51]</a><a href="#cite_note-53">[nb 2]</a> "Chillwave" and "hypnagogic pop" were coined at virtually the same time, in mid-2009, and were considered interchangeable terms. Like vaporwave, they engaged with notions of nostalgia and <a href="/wiki/Cultural_memory" title="Cultural memory">cultural memory</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETrainer2016409,_416–418-54">[52]</a> Among the earliest hypnagogic acts to anticipate vaporwave was <a href="/wiki/Matrix_Metals" class="mw-redirect" title="Matrix Metals">Matrix Metals</a> and his album <a href="/wiki/Flamingo_Breeze" title="Flamingo Breeze">Flamingo Breeze</a> (2009), which was built on synthesizer loops.<a href="#cite_note-55">[53]</a> Around the same time, <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Lopatin" class="mw-redirect" title="Daniel Lopatin">Daniel Lopatin</a> (Oneohtrix Point Never) uploaded a collection of <a href="/wiki/Plunderphonics" title="Plunderphonics">plunderphonics</a> loops to <a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a> surreptitiously under the alias sunsetcorp.<a href="#cite_note-SecondLife-35">[35]</a> These clips were taken from his audio-visual album <a href="/wiki/Memory_Vague" title="Memory Vague">Memory Vague</a> (June 2009).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrankel2019-41">[41]</a><a href="#cite_note-56">[nb 3]</a> <a href="/wiki/Washed_Out" title="Washed Out">Washed Out</a>'s "<a href="/wiki/Feel_It_All_Around" class="mw-redirect" title="Feel It All Around">Feel It All Around</a>" (June 2009), which slowed down the 1983 Italian dance song "<a href="/wiki/I_Want_You_(Gary_Low_song)" title="I Want You (Gary Low song)">I Want You</a>" by <a href="/wiki/Gary_Low" title="Gary Low">Gary Low</a>, exemplified the "analog nostalgia" of chillwave that vaporwave artists sought to reconfigure.<a href="#cite_note-Schilling2013-4">[4]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1096940132">.mw-parser-output .listen .side-box-text{line-height:1.1em}.mw-parser-output .listen-plain{border:none;background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .listen-embedded{width:100%;margin:0;border-width:1px 0 0 0;background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .listen-header{padding:2px}.mw-parser-output .listen-embedded .listen-header{padding:2px 0}.mw-parser-output .listen-file-header{padding:4px 0}.mw-parser-output .listen .description{padding-top:2px}.mw-parser-output .listen .mw-tmh-player{max-width:100%}@media(max-width:719px){.mw-parser-output .listen{clear:both}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .listen:not(.listen-noimage){width:320px}.mw-parser-output .listen-left{overflow:visible;float:left}.mw-parser-output .listen-center{float:none;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right listen noprint"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg/60px-Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg/120px-Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><div class="haudio"> <div class="listen-file-header"><a href="/wiki/File:Chuck_Person_Eccojams_a1.ogg" title="File:Chuck Person Eccojams a1.ogg">"A1" from Eccojams Vol. 1 (2010)</a></div> <div><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="232" style="width:232px;" data-durationhint="31" data-mwtitle="Chuck_Person_Eccojams_a1.ogg" data-mwprovider="local"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/9/92/Chuck_Person_Eccojams_a1.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/transcoded/9/92/Chuck_Person_Eccojams_a1.ogg/Chuck_Person_Eccojams_a1.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></div> <div class="description">A track from <a href="/wiki/Oneohtrix_Point_Never" title="Oneohtrix Point Never">Daniel Lopatin</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Chuck_Person%27s_Eccojams_Vol._1" title="Chuck Person's Eccojams Vol. 1">Eccojams</a>, an album which pitch-shifts and distorts 1980s pop music. The sample in this excerpt is "<a href="/wiki/Africa_(Toto_song)" class="mw-redirect" title="Africa (Toto song)">Africa</a>" by <a href="/wiki/Toto_(band)" title="Toto (band)">Toto</a>.<a href="#cite_note-57">[54]</a></div></div></div></div> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"><hr />Problems playing this file? See <a href="/wiki/Help:Media" title="Help:Media">media help</a>.</div> </div> Vaporwave was subsumed under a larger "<a href="/wiki/Tumblr" title="Tumblr">Tumblr</a> aesthetic" that had become fashionable in underground digital music and art scenes of the 2010s.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBornHaworth201781-58">[55]</a> In 2010, Lopatin included several of the tracks from Memory Vague, as well as a few new ones, on his album <a href="/wiki/Chuck_Person%27s_Eccojams_Vol._1" title="Chuck Person's Eccojams Vol. 1">Chuck Person's Eccojams Vol. 1</a>, released in August under the alias "Chuck Person".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETrainer2016420-59">[56]</a> With packaging that resembled the 1993 video game <a href="/wiki/Ecco_the_Dolphin_(video_game)" title="Ecco the Dolphin (video game)">Ecco the Dolphin</a>, the album inspired a host of suburban teens and young adults to formulate what would become vaporwave.<a href="#cite_note-subversivedreammusic-3">[3]</a> Seapunk followed in mid-2011 as an aquatic-themed Tumblr subculture and Internet meme<a href="#cite_note-60">[57]</a> that presaged vaporwave in its concern for "spacey" electronic music and <a href="/wiki/Geocities" class="mw-redirect" title="Geocities">Geocities</a> web graphics.<a href="#cite_note-Thumpsup-12">[12]</a> Like vaporwave, it was defined by its engagement with the Internet, an approach that is sometimes described as <a href="/wiki/Post-Internet" title="Post-Internet">post-Internet</a>.<a href="#cite_note-amarca16-17">[17]</a> The musical template for vaporwave came from Eccojams and Ferraro's <a href="/wiki/Far_Side_Virtual" title="Far Side Virtual">Far Side Virtual</a> (October 2011).<a href="#cite_note-Colton17-45">[45]</a><a href="#cite_note-essential-16">[16]</a><a href="#cite_note-catalyst-61">[58]</a> Eccojams featured <a href="/wiki/Chopped_and_screwed" title="Chopped and screwed">chopped and screwed</a> variations on popular 1980s pop songs,<a href="#cite_note-subversivedreammusic-3">[3]</a> while Far Side Virtual drew primarily on "the grainy and bombastic beeps" of past media such as <a href="/wiki/Skype" title="Skype">Skype</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Nintendo_Wii" class="mw-redirect" title="Nintendo Wii">Nintendo Wii</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Colton17-45">[45]</a> According to <a href="/wiki/Stereogum" title="Stereogum">Stereogum</a>'s Miles Bowe, vaporwave was a fusion between Lopatin's "chopped and screwed plunderphonics" and the "nihilistic easy-listening of James Ferraro's <a href="/wiki/Muzak" title="Muzak">Muzak</a>-<a href="/wiki/Hellscape" title="Hellscape">hellscapes</a>".<a href="#cite_note-stereogum-10">[10]</a> A 2013 post on a music blog presented those albums, along with Skeleton's Holograms (November 2010), as "proto vaporwave".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETrainer2016420-59">[56]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_scene">Early scene</h3></div> Vaporwave artists were originally "mysterious and often nameless entities that lurk the internet," Adam Harper noted, "often behind a pseudo-corporate name or web façade, and whose music is typically free to download through <a href="/wiki/MediaFire" title="MediaFire">MediaFire</a>, <a href="/wiki/Last.fm" title="Last.fm">Last FM</a>, <a href="/wiki/SoundCloud" title="SoundCloud">Soundcloud</a> or <a href="/wiki/Bandcamp" title="Bandcamp">Bandcamp</a>."<a href="#cite_note-harper-1">[1]</a> According to Metallic Ghosts (Chaz Allen), the original vaporwave scene came out of an online circle formulated on the site <a href="/wiki/Turntable.fm" title="Turntable.fm">Turntable.fm</a>. This circle included individuals known as Internet Club (Robin Burnett), Veracom, Luxury Elite, Infinity Frequencies, Transmuteo (Jonathan Dean), Coolmemoryz, and Prismcorp.<a href="#cite_note-ObserverEffect-62">[59]</a> Numerous producers of this online milieu took inspiration from <a href="/wiki/Ramona_Andra_Langley" title="Ramona Andra Langley">Ramona Langley</a>'s <a href="/wiki/New_Dreams_Ltd." title="New Dreams Ltd.">New Dreams Ltd.</a> (credited to "Laserdisc Visions", July 2011).<a href="#cite_note-ObserverEffect-62">[59]</a> The first reported use of the term "vaporwave" was on an October 2011 blogpost by an anonymous user reviewing the album Surf's Pure Hearts by Girlhood;<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBornHaworth201779-40">[40]</a> however, Burnett has been credited with coining the term as a way to tie the circle together.<a href="#cite_note-ObserverEffect-62">[59]</a> Langley's <a href="/wiki/Floral_Shoppe" title="Floral Shoppe">Floral Shoppe</a> (credited to "Macintosh Plus", December 2011) was the first album to be properly considered of the genre, containing all of the style's core elements.<a href="#cite_note-Esquire2016-24">[24]</a> Vaporwave found wider appeal over the middle of 2012, building an audience on sites like Last.fm, <a href="/wiki/Reddit" title="Reddit">Reddit</a> and <a href="/wiki/4chan" title="4chan">4chan</a>.<a href="#cite_note-ObserverEffect-62">[59]</a> On Tumblr, it became common for users to decorate their pages with vaporwave imagery.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBornHaworth201781-58">[55]</a> In September, <a href="/wiki/Blank_Banshee" title="Blank Banshee">Blank Banshee</a> released his debut album, <a href="/wiki/Blank_Banshee_0" title="Blank Banshee 0">Blank Banshee 0</a>, which reflected a trend of vaporwave producers who were more influenced by <a href="/wiki/Trap_music_(EDM)" class="mw-redirect" title="Trap music (EDM)">trap music</a> and less concerned with conveying political undertones.<a href="#cite_note-Esquire2016-24">[24]</a> Bandwagon called it a "progressive record" that, along with Floral Shoppe, "signaled the end of the first wave of sample-heavy music, and ... reconfigured what it means to make vaporwave music.<a href="#cite_note-subversivedreammusic-3">[3]</a> After a flood of new vaporwave acts turned to Bandcamp for distribution, various online music publications such as <a href="/wiki/Tiny_Mix_Tapes" title="Tiny Mix Tapes">Tiny Mix Tapes</a>, Dummy Mag and Sputnikmusic began covering the movement.<a href="#cite_note-essential-16">[16]</a> However, writers, fans, and artists struggled to differentiate between vaporwave, chillwave, and hypnagogic pop,<a href="#cite_note-VaporFutures-63">[60]</a> while Ash Becks of The Essential noted that larger sites like <a href="/wiki/Pitchfork_(website)" title="Pitchfork (website)">Pitchfork</a> and <a href="/wiki/Drowned_in_Sound" title="Drowned in Sound">Drowned in Sound</a> "seemingly refused to touch vaporwave throughout the genre's two-year 'peak'."<a href="#cite_note-essential-16">[16]</a> Common criticisms were that the genre was either "too dumb" or "too intellectual".<a href="#cite_note-Stereogum_Electronicon-64">[61]</a><a href="#cite_note-65">[nb 4]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Wider_popularity">Wider popularity</h3></div> In November 2012, seapunk aesthetics were appropriated in music videos by the pop singers <a href="/wiki/Rihanna" title="Rihanna">Rihanna</a> and <a href="/wiki/Azealia_Banks" title="Azealia Banks">Azealia Banks</a>. The exposure catapulted the subculture to the mainstream, and with it, vaporwave.<a href="#cite_note-66">[62]</a> That same month, a video review of Floral Shoppe, published by the YouTuber <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Fantano" title="Anthony Fantano">Anthony Fantano</a>, helped solidify the album as the representative work of vaporwave,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarper2017122-67">[63]</a> but was also credited as a pivotal moment in the decline of the genre.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETrainer2016422-68">[64]</a> Soon after vaporwave was spotlighted in the mainstream, it was frequently described as a "dead" genre.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarper2017121-36">[36]</a> Such pronouncements came from the fans themselves.<a href="#cite_note-Esquire2016-24">[24]</a> Following the initial wave, new terms were invented by users on 4chan and Reddit who sought to separate vaporwave into multiple subgenres.<a href="#cite_note-SecondLife-35">[35]</a> Some were created in jest, such as "vaportrap", "vapornoise" and "vaporgoth".<a href="#cite_note-Arcand-22">[22]</a> Further subgenres included "eccojams", "utopian virtual", "<a href="/wiki/Mallsoft" title="Mallsoft">mallsoft</a>", "future funk", "post-Internet", "late-nite lo-fi", "broken transmission" (or "signalwave"), and "<a href="/wiki/Hardvapour" title="Hardvapour">hardvapour</a>".<a href="#cite_note-vtrap-69">[65]</a> Joe Price of Complex reported that "most [of the subgenres] faded away, and many didn't make sense to begin with. ... The visual aspect formed faster than the sound, resulting in releases that look the same but fail to form a sonically cohesive whole."<a href="#cite_note-SecondLife-35">[35]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Yunglean_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Yunglean_%28cropped%29.jpg/250px-Yunglean_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="191" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Yunglean_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Yunglean_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Yunglean_%28cropped%29.jpg/500px-Yunglean_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2015" data-file-height="2263" /></a><figcaption> <a href="/wiki/Yung_Lean" title="Yung Lean">Yung Lean</a> (pictured 2013) popularized fusions of vaporwave with <a href="/wiki/Hip-hop_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Hip-hop music">rap music</a>.<a href="#cite_note-70">[66]</a><a href="#cite_note-71">[67]</a> </figcaption></figure> In 2013, YouTube began allowing its users to host <a href="/wiki/Live_stream" class="mw-redirect" title="Live stream">live streams</a>, which resulted in a host of 24-hour "radio stations" dedicated to microgenres such as vaporwave and <a href="/wiki/Lo-fi_hip_hop" class="mw-redirect" title="Lo-fi hip hop">lo-fi hip hop</a>.<a href="#cite_note-72">[68]</a> The Swedish rapper <a href="/wiki/Yung_Lean" title="Yung Lean">Yung Lean</a> and his Sad Boys collective inspired a wave of anonymous DJs to create vaporwave mixes, uploaded to YouTube and SoundCloud, that appropriated the music and imagery of <a href="/wiki/Nintendo_64" title="Nintendo 64">Nintendo 64</a> video games. Titles included "Mariowave", "Nostalgia 64", and "ＺＥＬＤＡＷＡＶＥ"<a href="#cite_note-73">[69]</a> <a href="/wiki/Dazed_Digital" class="mw-redirect" title="Dazed Digital">Dazed Digital</a>'s Evelyn Wang credited Lean with "allowing vaporwave to leak IRL [and] encouraging its unholy coupling with <a href="/wiki/Streetwear" title="Streetwear">streetwear</a>". She cited their associated fashion staples as "frowny faces, Japanese and Arabic as accessories, sportswear brands, <a href="/wiki/Arizona_Beverage_Company" title="Arizona Beverage Company">Arizona iced tea</a>, and the uncanny ability to simultaneously communicate in and be a meme."<a href="#cite_note-74">[70]</a><a href="#cite_note-76">[nb 5]</a> At the end of 2013, Thump published an essay headlined "Is Vaporwave the Next Seapunk?".<a href="#cite_note-SecondLife-35">[35]</a> Although the author prophesied that vaporwave would not end "as a joke" the way seapunk did, the genre came to be largely viewed as a facetious Internet meme based predominately on a retro visual style or "vibe", a notion that frustrated some producers who wished to be recognized as serious artists. Many of the most influential artists and record labels associated with the genre later drifted into other musical styles.<a href="#cite_note-SecondLife-35">[35]</a> In 2015, <a href="/wiki/Rolling_Stone" title="Rolling Stone">Rolling Stone</a> published a list that included vaporwave act <a href="/wiki/2814" title="2814">2814</a> as one of "10 artists you need to know", citing their album <a href="/wiki/Birth_of_a_New_Day" title="Birth of a New Day">Birth of a New Day</a> (新しい日の誕生) as "an unparalleled success within a small, passionate pocket of the internet."<a href="#cite_note-rs-77">[72]</a> The album <a href="/wiki/I%27ll_Try_Living_Like_This" class="mw-redirect" title="I'll Try Living Like This">I'll Try Living Like This</a> by <a href="/wiki/Death%27s_Dynamic_Shroud.wmv" class="mw-redirect" title="Death's Dynamic Shroud.wmv">Death's Dynamic Shroud.wmv</a> was featured at number fifteen on the <a href="/wiki/Fact_(UK_magazine)" title="Fact (UK magazine)">Fact</a> list "The 50 Best Albums of 2015",<a href="#cite_note-78">[73]</a> and on the same day <a href="/wiki/MTV" title="MTV">MTV</a> International introduced a <a href="/wiki/Rebrand" class="mw-redirect" title="Rebrand">rebrand</a> heavily inspired by vaporwave and seapunk,<a href="#cite_note-79">[74]</a> Tumblr launched a <a href="/wiki/GIF" title="GIF">GIF</a> viewer named Tumblr TV, with an explicitly MTV-styled visual spin.<a href="#cite_note-vice2-80">[75]</a> Hip-hop artist <a href="/wiki/Drake_(musician)" title="Drake (musician)">Drake</a>'s single "<a href="/wiki/Hotline_Bling" title="Hotline Bling">Hotline Bling</a>", released on July 31, also became popular with vaporwave producers, inspiring both humorous and serious remixes of the tune.<a href="#cite_note-subversivedreammusic-3">[3]</a> As of 2016, vaporwave albums, including Floral Shoppe, continued to rank among the best-selling experimental albums on Bandcamp.<a href="#cite_note-Pitchfork-19">[19]</a> The scene also maintained a dedicated following on communities such as Reddit.<a href="#cite_note-SecondLife-35">[35]</a> Price reported that, for those outside of these arenas, the genre was generally considered to be "a big joke". He added that "Users of the various vaporwave sub-Reddits will always take it very seriously for the most part, but even there people are discussing whether or not vaporwave is still going strong."<a href="#cite_note-SecondLife-35">[35]</a><a href="#cite_note-81">[nb 6]</a> Despite their objections to the label, serious artists of the movement continued to be tagged as vaporwave.<a href="#cite_note-SevenDays-82">[76]</a> In 2019, user comments that state "ＡＥＳＴＨＥＴＩＣ" remained ubiquitous on YouTube videos concerning the Internet.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrankel2019239–241-83">[77]</a> <a href="/wiki/George_Clanton" title="George Clanton">George Clanton</a>, a prominent figure in the genre, commented that the "vaporwave" banner still functioned well as a marketing tag for music that is not necessarily considered of the genre.<a href="#cite_note-SevenDays-82">[76]</a><a href="#cite_note-Fader2019-84">[78]</a> In September, he organized the first-ever vaporwave festival, 100% ElectroniCON, in New York City, where various artists associated with the genre such as <a href="/wiki/Skylar_Spence" class="mw-redirect" title="Skylar Spence">Saint Pepsi</a>, Vaperror, Nmesh, 18 Carat Affair, and Clanton himself performed live, most of them for the first time in their careers.<a href="#cite_note-Stereogum_Electronicon-64">[61]</a><a href="#cite_note-Fader2019-84">[78]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Political_appropriations">Political appropriations</h3></div> In December 2012, Dummy published what was considered the "definitive" article on vaporwave, authored by Adam Harper, in which he equated the genre to <a href="/wiki/Accelerationist" class="mw-redirect" title="Accelerationist">accelerationist</a> political theory. The article had the effect of inspiring "a wave of content ambiguously celebrating a dystopian capitalism".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBornHaworth201782–83-85">[79]</a> In early 2016, the satirical publication Rave News reported that prominent vaporwave producers had scheduled an emergency summit in Montreal to discuss "creeping <a href="/wiki/Fascism" title="Fascism">fascism</a>" in the scene. Although the article was facetious, its comment section attracted many vaporwave fans who defended such political beliefs.<a href="#cite_note-fashwavevice-29">[29]</a> In August, <a href="/wiki/Daily_Stormer" class="mw-redirect" title="Daily Stormer">Daily Stormer</a> founder <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Anglin" title="Andrew Anglin">Andrew Anglin</a> recommended that <a href="/wiki/Alt-right" title="Alt-right">alt-right</a> members embrace <a href="/wiki/Synthwave" title="Synthwave">synthwave</a> instead of the rock genres traditionally associated with far-right movements, as he felt that synthwave represented the "Whitest music ever". His remarks popularized the musical and visual aesthetic dubbed "fashwave", an updating of fascist tropes inspired by vaporwave that was celebrated by many members of the alt-right.<a href="#cite_note-HermanssonLawrence2020-86">[80]</a> (see also <a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Fashwave">Vaporwave § Fashwave</a>) In 2017, <a href="/wiki/Vice_(magazine)" title="Vice (magazine)">Vice</a>'s Penn Bullock and Eli Penn reported on the phenomenon of self-identified fascists and alt-right members appropriating vaporwave music and aesthetics, describing the fashwave movement as "the first fascist music that is easy enough on the ears to have mainstream appeal" and reflective of "a global cybernetic subculture geared towards millennials, propagated by memes like <a href="/wiki/Pepe_the_Frog" title="Pepe the Frog">Pepe the Frog</a>, and centered on sites like 4chan".<a href="#cite_note-fashwavevice-29">[29]</a><a href="#cite_note-87">[nb 7]</a> <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a>'s Michael Hann noted that the movement is not unprecedented; similar offshoots occurred in <a href="/wiki/Punk_rock" title="Punk rock">punk rock</a> in the 1980s and <a href="/wiki/Black_metal" title="Black metal">black metal</a> in the 1990s. Hann believed that, like those genres, there was little chance fashwave would ever "impinge on the mainstream".<a href="#cite_note-Hann2016-88">[81]</a> By 2019, pink vaporwave-inspired hats that promoted 2020 presidential candidate <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Yang" title="Andrew Yang">Andrew Yang</a> became popular among his supporters. <a href="/wiki/National_Review" title="National Review">National Review</a> commentator Theodore Kopfre reported that it was part of a trend indicating that Yang had "replaced <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a> as the meme candidate."<a href="#cite_note-89">[82]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Critical_interpretations">Critical interpretations</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Parody,_subversion,_and_genre">Parody, subversion, and genre</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vaporwave_art_example.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Vaporwave_art_example.png/250px-Vaporwave_art_example.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Vaporwave_art_example.png/330px-Vaporwave_art_example.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Vaporwave_art_example.png/500px-Vaporwave_art_example.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="900" /></a><figcaption>Vaporwave-style image using elements of Windows 95</figcaption></figure> Vaporwave was one of several microgenres spawned in the early 2010s that were the brief focus of media attention.<a href="#cite_note-thump.vice.com-51">[50]</a> Users on various music forums, as quoted by <a href="/wiki/Vice_(magazine)" title="Vice (magazine)">Vice</a>, variously characterized the genre as "chillwave for <a href="/wiki/Marxists" class="mw-redirect" title="Marxists">Marxists</a>", "post-elevator music", and "corporate smooth jazz <a href="/wiki/Windows_95" title="Windows 95">Windows 95</a> pop".<a href="#cite_note-Thumpsup-12">[12]</a> Its circulation was more akin to an Internet meme than typical music genres of the past, as authors Georgina Born and Christopher Haworth wrote in 2017, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote">Vaporwave's cultural practices knowingly replicate and parody the addictive, almost compulsory participation that feeds social networks, where the voluntary labor of the user community drives the system and generates value. Anyone with an Internet connection can produce vaporwave ... The uniformity of these memes is encouraged by their rapid imitation among the genre's hyperactive online subculture, fueled by affective contagion.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBornHaworth201779–80-90">[83]</a></blockquote> Pitchfork contributor Jonny Coleman defined vaporwave as residing in "the uncanny genre valley" that lies "between a real genre that sounds fake and a fake genre that could be real."<a href="#cite_note-realgenre-48">[47]</a> Also from Pitchfork, Patrick St. Michel calls vaporwave a "niche corner of Internet music populated by Westerners goofing around with Japanese music, samples, and language".<a href="#cite_note-91">[84]</a> Vice writer Rob Arcand commented that the "rapid proliferation of subgenres has itself become part of the "vaporwave" punchline, gesturing at the absurdity of the genre itself even as it sees artists using it as a springboard for innovation."<a href="#cite_note-Arcand-22">[22]</a> Speaking about the "supposedly subversive or parodic elements" of vaporwave in 2018, cultural critic <a href="/wiki/Simon_Reynolds" title="Simon Reynolds">Simon Reynolds</a> said that the genre had been made redundant, in some respects, by modern <a href="/wiki/Trap_music" title="Trap music">trap music</a> and mainstream hip hop. He opined: "What could be more insane or morbid than the subjectivity in a <a href="/wiki/Drake_(musician)" title="Drake (musician)">Drake</a> record or a <a href="/wiki/Kanye_West" title="Kanye West">Kanye</a> song? The black Rap n B mainstream is further out sonically and attitudinally than anything the white Internet-Bohemia has come up with. Their role is redundant. Rap and R&B ... is already the <a href="/wiki/Simulacrum" title="Simulacrum">Simulacrum</a>, is already decadence."<a href="#cite_note-92">[85]</a> In a 2018 <a href="/wiki/Rolling_Stone" title="Rolling Stone">Rolling Stone</a> article that reported <a href="/wiki/The_Monkees" title="The Monkees">the Monkees</a>' <a href="/wiki/Mike_Nesmith" class="mw-redirect" title="Mike Nesmith">Mike Nesmith</a>'s enthusiasm for the genre, author Andy Greene described vaporwave as a "fringe electronic subgenre that few outside irony-soaked meme enthusiasts have even heard of, let alone developed an opinion on."<a href="#cite_note-nesmith-93">[86]</a> Nesmith praised the genre and attributed its sound to be highly reminiscent of <a href="/wiki/Psychedelic_drug" title="Psychedelic drug">psychedelic</a> trips.<a href="#cite_note-nesmith-93">[86]</a> Music critic Scott Beauchamp wrote that vaporwave's stance is more focused on loss, the notion of <a href="/wiki/Lassitude" class="mw-redirect" title="Lassitude">lassitude</a>, and passive acquiescence, and that "vaporwave was the first musical genre to live its entire life from birth to death completely online".<a href="#cite_note-Bkn_Rail-94">[87]</a> He suggested that expressions of hypermodulation – precisely tuned "micro-experiences" resulting from social media algorithms funneling different people with similar interests into obscure topics – inspired both the development and downfall of vaporwave.<a href="#cite_note-Bkn_Rail-94">[87]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Capitalism_and_technology">Capitalism and technology</h3></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1224211176">.mw-parser-output .quotebox{background-color:#F9F9F9;border:1px solid #aaa;box-sizing:border-box;padding:10px;font-size:88%;max-width:100%}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft{margin:.5em 1.4em .8em 0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright{margin:.5em 0 .8em 1.4em}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.centered{overflow:hidden;position:relative;margin:.5em auto .8em auto}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft span,.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright span{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox>blockquote{margin:0;padding:0;border-left:0;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-title{text-align:center;font-size:110%;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote>:first-child{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote:last-child>:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:before{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" “ ";vertical-align:-45%;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:after{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" ” ";line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .left-aligned{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .right-aligned{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .center-aligned{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quote-title,.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quotebox-quote{display:block}.mw-parser-output .quotebox cite{display:block;font-style:normal}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .quotebox{width:100%!important;margin:0 0 .8em!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="quotebox pullquote floatright" style="width:25%; ;"> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> It initiates a lot of important conversations about power and money in the industry. Or ... everything just sounds good slowed down with reverb? </blockquote> <div style="padding-bottom: 0; padding-top: 0.5em"><cite class="left-aligned" style="">—Aaran David Ross of <a href="/wiki/Gatekeeper_(band)" class="mw-redirect" title="Gatekeeper (band)">Gatekeeper</a>, speaking about vaporwave<a href="#cite_note-Fader2015-95">[88]</a></cite></div> </div> Vaporwave is cited for espousing an ambiguous or <a href="/wiki/Accelerationist" class="mw-redirect" title="Accelerationist">accelerationist</a> relationship to <a href="/wiki/Consumer_capitalism" title="Consumer capitalism">consumer capitalism</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBornHaworth201783-96">[89]</a><a href="#cite_note-harper-1">[1]</a> A popular trend within its audience from 2015 to 2019 was to use vaporwave songs and <a href="/wiki/Music_video" title="Music video">music videos</a> to escape reality by observing and remixing commercial products and popular trends of the past.<a href="#cite_note-:2-32">[32]</a> Numerous academic books have been published on this subject, a trend that was provoked by Adam Harper's 2012 Dummy article and its attempt to link the genre to punk rock and <a href="/wiki/Anti-capitalist" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-capitalist">anti-capitalist</a> gestures.<a href="#cite_note-Pitchfork-19">[19]</a> In the article, he wrote that vaporwave producers "can be read as sarcastic anti-capitalists revealing the lies and slippages of modern <a href="/wiki/Technoculture" title="Technoculture">techno-culture</a> and its representations, or as its willing facilitators, shivering with delight upon each new wave of delicious sound."<a href="#cite_note-harper-1">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-99">[nb 8]</a> He noted that the name itself was both a nod to vaporware and the idea of <a href="/wiki/Libido_(Psychoanalysis)" class="mw-redirect" title="Libido (Psychoanalysis)">libidinal energy</a> being subjected to relentless sublimation under capitalism.<a href="#cite_note-harper-1">[1]</a> Philosopher <a href="/wiki/Grafton_Tanner" title="Grafton Tanner">Grafton Tanner</a> wrote, "vaporwave is one artistic style that seeks to rearrange our relationship with electronic media by forcing us to recognize the unfamiliarity of ubiquitous technology ... vaporwave is the music of 'non-times' and '<a href="/wiki/Non-place" title="Non-place">non-places</a>' because it is skeptical of what consumer culture has done to time and space".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETanner201610-100">[92]</a> Commenting on the adoption of a vaporwave- and seapunk-inspired rebrand by <a href="/wiki/MTV" title="MTV">MTV</a> International, Jordan Pearson of Motherboard, <a href="/wiki/Vice_(magazine)" title="Vice (magazine)">Vice</a>'s technology website, noted how "the cynical impulse that animated vaporwave and its associated Tumblr-based aesthetics is co-opted and erased on both sides—where its source material originates and where it lives".<a href="#cite_note-vice2-80">[75]</a> Beauchamp proposed a parallel between punk's "No Future" stance and its active "raw energy of dissatisfaction" deriving from the historical lineage of <a href="/wiki/Dada" title="Dada">Dada</a> dystopia, and vaporwave's preoccupation with "political failure and social anomie".<a href="#cite_note-Bkn_Rail-94">[87]</a> Michelle Lhooq of Vice argued that "parodying commercial taste isn't exactly the goal. Vaporwave doesn't just recreate corporate lounge music – it plumps it up into something sexier and more synthetic."<a href="#cite_note-Thumpsup-12">[12]</a> In his 2019 book Hearing the Cloud: Can Music Help Reimagine The Future?, academic Emile Frankel wrote that vaporwave was reduced to "a commercial shell of itself" by those who fetishized the 1980s and "retro synth-pop". He likened the scene to <a href="/wiki/PC_Music" title="PC Music">PC Music</a>, a label that "was seen to warp from an ironic affirmation of commercialism, to become just regular pop. ... Anything that uses irony as a method of critique runs the risk of misrecognition."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrankel2019239–241-83">[77]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Offshoots_and_subgenres">Offshoots and subgenres</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Future_funk">Future funk</h3></div> Future funk is a <a href="/wiki/French_house" title="French house">French house</a>-inspired offshoot<a href="#cite_note-101">[93]</a> that expands upon the <a href="/wiki/Disco" title="Disco">disco</a> and <a href="/wiki/House_music" title="House music">house</a> elements of vaporwave.<a href="#cite_note-Arcand-22">[22]</a> It involves much of the same visual imagery drawn from 1980s anime,<a href="#cite_note-102">[94]</a> with reference points including <a href="/wiki/Urusei_Yatsura" title="Urusei Yatsura">Urusei Yatsura</a>, <a href="/wiki/Super_Dimension_Fortress_Macross" title="Super Dimension Fortress Macross">Super Dimension Fortress Macross</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Sailor_Moon" title="Sailor Moon">Sailor Moon</a>.<a href="#cite_note-CBR-103">[95]</a> Musically, future funk is produced in the same sample-based manner as vaporwave, albeit with a more upbeat approach.<a href="#cite_note-ElPais-104">[96]</a><a href="#cite_note-:caseofjapanesecitypop-105">[97]</a> Most of the music samples are drawn from Japanese <a href="/wiki/City_pop" title="City pop">city pop</a> records from the 1980s, and the genre has led to an increased exposure of city pop music to western audiences.<a href="#cite_note-phoenixnewtimes-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-slate-6">[6]</a> Some of the most popular future funk artists include <a href="/wiki/Macross_82-99" title="Macross 82-99">Macross 82-99</a>, who pioneered the genre with his Sailorwave album series in 2013,<a href="#cite_note-CBR-103">[95]</a> Other artists described as being the most popular in future funk include <a href="/wiki/Skylar_Spence" class="mw-redirect" title="Skylar Spence">Skylar Spence</a> (aka Saint Pepsi), Tsundere Valley, Ducat,<a href="#cite_note-voiceff-106">[98]</a> <a href="/wiki/Yung_Bae" title="Yung Bae">Yung Bae</a>,<a href="#cite_note-107">[99]</a> and Night Tempo.<a href="#cite_note-108">[100]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hardvapour">Hardvapour</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Hardvapour" title="Hardvapour">Hardvapour</a></div> Hardvapour emerged in late 2015<a href="#cite_note-Broom-109">[101]</a> as a reimagination of vaporwave with darker themes, faster tempos, and heavier sounds.<a href="#cite_note-Arcand-22">[22]</a> It is influenced by <a href="/wiki/Speedcore" title="Speedcore">speedcore</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gabber" title="Gabber">gabber</a>, and defines itself against the utopian moods sometimes attributed to vaporwave. Hardvapour artists include wosX and Subhumanizer.<a href="#cite_note-Broom-109">[101]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mallsoft">Mallsoft</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Mallsoft" title="Mallsoft">Mallsoft</a></div> Mallsoft amplifies vaporwave's <a href="/wiki/Lounge_music" title="Lounge music">lounge</a> influences.<a href="#cite_note-Arcand-22">[22]</a> It may be viewed in connection to "the concept of malls as large, soulless spaces of consumerism ... exploring the social ramifications of capitalism and globalization".<a href="#cite_note-110">[102]</a> Popular mallsoft artists include Disconscious, Groceries, Hantasi, and <a href="/wiki/Cat_System_Corp." title="Cat System Corp.">Cat System Corp.</a><a href="#cite_note-vtrap-69">[65]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fashwave">Fashwave</h3></div> Fashwave (from "<a href="/wiki/Fascism" title="Fascism">fascist</a>")<a href="#cite_note-Hann2016-88">[81]</a><a href="#cite_note-heavyfash-111">[103]</a> is a largely instrumental fusion of synthwave and vaporwave that originated on YouTube circa 2015.<a href="#cite_note-coleman2016-112">[104]</a><a href="#cite_note-:3-113">[105]</a> Artists include Cybernazi, Xurious, Andrew Anglin, and Elessar.<a href="#cite_note-114">[106]</a><a href="#cite_note-:3-113">[105]</a> It is also been described as an extremist subset of the non-extremist latter promoted by <a href="/wiki/Neo-Nazis" class="mw-redirect" title="Neo-Nazis">neo-Nazis</a>.<a href="#cite_note-115">[107]</a><a href="#cite_note-:3-113">[105]</a> With political track titles and occasional soundbites,<a href="#cite_note-fashwavevice-29">[29]</a> the genre combines <a href="/wiki/Nazi_symbolism" title="Nazi symbolism">Nazi symbolism</a> with the visuals associated with vaporwave and synthwave.<a href="#cite_note-Bkn_Rail-94">[87]</a> According to Hann, it is musically derived from synthwave,<a href="#cite_note-Hann2016-88">[81]</a> while <a href="/wiki/Heavy.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Heavy.com">Heavy</a> contributor Paul Farrell writes that it is "considered to be an offshoot from the harmless vaporwave movement."<a href="#cite_note-heavyfash-111">[103]</a> The visual aesthetic of fashwave, consisting of typical vaporwave elements mixed with <a href="/wiki/Fascist_symbolism" title="Fascist symbolism">fascist symbols</a> like the <a href="/wiki/Black_Sun_(symbol)" title="Black Sun (symbol)">black sun</a>, <a href="/wiki/Othala#Modern_use" title="Othala">odal rune</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Crusades#Legacy" title="Crusades">crusader imagery</a>,<a href="#cite_note-116">[108]</a> has been associated with the "Dark <a href="/wiki/Make_America_Great_Again" title="Make America Great Again">MAGA</a>" imagery surrounding Trump and Ron DeSantis.<a href="#cite_note-:4-117">[109]</a><a href="#cite_note-118">[110]</a> It has been parodied by <a href="/wiki/Anti-fascism" title="Anti-fascism">anti-fascists</a>, such as with the <a href="/wiki/Dark_Brandon" class="mw-redirect" title="Dark Brandon">Dark Brandon</a> meme, a mocking imitation of the "Dark <a href="/wiki/Make_America_Great_Again" title="Make America Great Again">MAGA</a>" imagery surrounding Trump.<a href="#cite_note-119">[111]</a><a href="#cite_note-120">[112]</a><a href="#cite_note-121">[113]</a> In 2023, the <a href="/wiki/Ron_DeSantis_2024_presidential_campaign" title="Ron DeSantis 2024 presidential campaign">DeSantis campaign</a> let go of their campaign director, after it was publicized that a campaign aide had created a DeSantis "<a href="/wiki/Fan_edit" title="Fan edit">fan edit</a>" featuring the black sun symbol.<a href="#cite_note-:4-117">[109]</a><a href="#cite_note-122">[114]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Others">Others</h3></div> <ul><li>Eccojams: an early subgenre that, according to Lopatin, started out as a simple exercise looping up a slowed-down segment of a certain song while adding vibrating echoes.<a href="#cite_note-vtrap-69">[65]</a></li> <li>Simpsonwave: a <a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a> phenomenon made popular by the user Lucien Hughes.<a href="#cite_note-geek.com-20">[20]</a><a href="#cite_note-Pitchfork-19">[19]</a> It mainly consists of videos with scenes from the American <a href="/wiki/Animated_series" title="Animated series">animated</a> <a href="/wiki/Television_series" class="mw-redirect" title="Television series">television series</a> <a href="/wiki/The_Simpsons" title="The Simpsons">The Simpsons</a> set to various vaporwave tracks. Clips are often put together out of context and edited with <a href="/wiki/VHS" title="VHS">VHS</a>-esque <a href="/wiki/Distortion" title="Distortion">distortion</a> effects and surreal visuals, giving them a "hallucinatory and transportive" feel.<a href="#cite_note-AVclub-21">[21]</a> </li> <li>Late night lo-fi (or late-nite lo-fi): slowed down 1980s pop and jazz that mimics recorded programs on old <a href="/wiki/4:3_(aspect_ratio)" class="mw-redirect" title="4:3 (aspect ratio)">4:3</a> televisions.<a href="#cite_note-elhype.com-23">[23]</a> The main progenitor of this subgenre is <a href="/wiki/Luxury_Elite" title="Luxury Elite">Luxury Elite</a>, who is known for her music's high-class feel.<a href="#cite_note-123">[115]</a></li> <li>VHS pop: a more positive variant of late night lo-fi with richer sound and vibrant aesthetics.<a href="#cite_note-elhype.com-23">[23]</a></li> <li>Utopian virtual: using Ferraro's concept of a virtual life soundtrack, with crisp and unreal early 3D computer graphics.<a href="#cite_note-elhype.com-23">[23]</a></li> <li>Signalwave (or broken transmission): sampling and distorting radio broadcasts, television programs, and stations, especially <a href="/wiki/The_Weather_Channel" title="The Weather Channel">The Weather Channel</a>.<a href="#cite_note-moonlvnding.com-25">[25]</a></li> <li> Slushwave: the ambient side of vaporwave, creating a musical environment to "get lost in" with tracks longer than 10 minutes. Artists include <a href="/wiki/2814" title="2814">2814</a>, <a href="/wiki/Telepath_(musician)" title="Telepath (musician)">Telepath</a> and desert sand feels warm at night.<a href="#cite_note-moonlvnding.com-25">[25]</a><a href="#cite_note-124">[116]</a></li> <li>Barber beats: popularized by artists such as Haircuts for Men and Macroblank, the subgenre heavily samples and slows down a wide variety of <a href="/wiki/Smooth_jazz" title="Smooth jazz">smooth jazz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lounge_music" title="Lounge music">lounge music</a>, and <a href="/wiki/R%26B" class="mw-redirect" title="R&B">R&B</a> from the 1980s to the early 2000s.<a href="#cite_note-newvaporwaveaesthetic-125">[117]</a><a href="#cite_note-126">[118]</a><a href="#cite_note-vanpaugambarberbeats-28">[28]</a><a href="#cite_note-:1-26">[26]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><a href="/wiki/File:Crystal_Clear_app_linneighborhood.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Crystal_Clear_app_linneighborhood.svg/40px-Crystal_Clear_app_linneighborhood.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Crystal_Clear_app_linneighborhood.svg/60px-Crystal_Clear_app_linneighborhood.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="407" data-file-height="407" /></a><a href="/wiki/Portal:Internet" title="Portal:Internet">Internet portal</a></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/GClef.svg/10px-GClef.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/GClef.svg/15px-GClef.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/GClef.svg/20px-GClef.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="15" data-file-height="41" /><a href="/wiki/Portal:Music" title="Portal:Music">Music portal</a></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bisexual_lighting" title="Bisexual lighting">Bisexual lighting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_capitalism" title="Criticism of capitalism">Criticism of capitalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_jamming" title="Culture jamming">Culture jamming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dead_mall" title="Dead mall">Dead mall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digitality" title="Digitality">Digitality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frutiger_Aero" title="Frutiger Aero">Frutiger Aero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hauntology" title="Hauntology">Hauntology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyperconsumerism" title="Hyperconsumerism">Hyperconsumerism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyperreality" title="Hyperreality">Hyperreality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_art" title="Internet art">Internet art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_asset_price_bubble" title="Japanese asset price bubble">Japanese asset price bubble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lofi_hip_hop" class="mw-redirect" title="Lofi hip hop">Lofi hip hop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liminal_space" class="mw-redirect" title="Liminal space">Liminal space</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mashup_(music)" title="Mashup (music)">Mashup music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massurrealism" title="Massurrealism">Massurrealism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minimalist_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Minimalist music">Minimalist music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phonk" title="Phonk">Phonk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postmodern_music" title="Postmodern music">Postmodern music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Production_music" title="Production music">Production music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Remix_culture" title="Remix culture">Remix culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sampling_(music)" title="Sampling (music)">Sampling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scratch_video" title="Scratch video">Scratch video</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sovietwave" title="Sovietwave">Sovietwave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yacht_rock" title="Yacht rock">Yacht rock</a></li></ul></div> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-47"><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a> One vaporwave album that directly interrogates 9/11 is <a href="/wiki/News_at_11_(album)" title="News at 11 (album)">News at 11</a> (2016) by <a href="/wiki/Cat_System_Corp." title="Cat System Corp.">Cat System Corp.</a><a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a> This included the <a href="/wiki/Synthwave" title="Synthwave">synthwave</a> music genre, also known as "outrun", although the latter term was later used to refer more generally to retro 1980s aesthetics such as VHS tracking artifacts, magenta neon, and <a href="/wiki/Gridlines" class="mw-redirect" title="Gridlines">gridlines</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Jr.2018-52">[51]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a> Author Emile Frankel cited the work as "a seminal release" and argued that Lopatin had captured "the affect of vaporwave" even earlier with the "highly influential" electronic album Betrayed in the Octagon (2007).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrankel2019-41">[41]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a> Journalist Miles Bowe recalled that when he was an intern at Stereogum in 2013, "vaporwave felt nearly impossible to explain to friends, let alone pitch to an editor."<a href="#cite_note-Stereogum_Electronicon-64">[61]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a> Responding to the memes of Lean's music video for "Hurt" (2015), Arizona Beverage Company collaborated with <a href="/wiki/Adidas" title="Adidas">Adidas</a> on a sneaker design based on the turquoise and pink can design of Arizona 99-cent teas that had become "a vaporwave standard".<a href="#cite_note-ice-75">[71]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a> Harper wrote in 2017 that the genre's demise was merely a popular <a href="/wiki/Talking_point" title="Talking point">talking point</a>, as it is contradicted by the wealth of releases that still appeared on Bandcamp.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarper2017121-36">[36]</a> Price commented that these releases were only observed by those who are "constantly checking the vaporwave charts" and cited "countless parody albums of Floral Shoppe, to the point in which there are even full Bandcamp pages dedicated to these innocuous releases."<a href="#cite_note-SecondLife-35">[35]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a> They also wrote that Trumpwave exploits vaporwave's perceived ambivalence towards the corporate culture it engages with, allowing it to recast Trump as "the modern-day inheritor of the mythologized 80s, a decade that is taken to stand for racial purity and unleashed capitalism".<a href="#cite_note-fashwavevice-29">[29]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a> Langley described her 2012 album <a href="/wiki/Contemporary_Sapporo" title="Contemporary Sapporo">Contemporary Sapporo</a> (札幌コンテンポラリー) as "a brief glimpse into the new possibilities of international communication" and "a parody of American <a href="/wiki/Contextualism" title="Contextualism">hypercontextualization</a> of e-<a href="/wiki/Asia" title="Asia">Asia</a> circa 1995".<a href="#cite_note-tmt-97">[90]</a> Critic <a href="/wiki/Simon_Reynolds" title="Simon Reynolds">Simon Reynolds</a> characterized Daniel Lopatin's Chuck Person project as "relat[ing] to cultural memory and the buried <a href="/wiki/Utopianism" class="mw-redirect" title="Utopianism">utopianism</a> within capitalist commodities, especially those related to consumer technology in the computing and audio/video entertainment area".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEReynolds2011-98">[91]</a> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626" /><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-harper-1">^ <a href="#cite_ref-harper_1-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-harper_1-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-harper_1-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-harper_1-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-harper_1-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-harper_1-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-harper_1-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-harper_1-7">h</a> <a 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Retrieved December 8, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Essential&rft.atitle=Vaporwave+is+not+dead&rft.aulast=Beks&rft.aufirst=Ash&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftheessential.com.au%2Ffeatures%2Fthe-catch-up%2Fvaporwave-is-not-dead-nmesh-dream-sequins&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVaporwave" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-amarca16-17">^ <a href="#cite_ref-amarca16_17-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-amarca16_17-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAmarca2016" class="citation web cs1">Amarca, Nico (March 1, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.highsnobiety.com/p/yung-lean-style/">"From Bucket Hats to Pokémon: Breaking Down Yung Lean's Style"</a>. High Snobiety. Retrieved May 24, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=High+Snobiety&rft.atitle=From+Bucket+Hats+to+Pok%C3%A9mon%3A+Breaking+Down+Yung+Lean%27s+Style&rft.date=2016-03-01&rft.aulast=Amarca&rft.aufirst=Nico&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.highsnobiety.com%2Fp%2Fyung-lean-style%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVaporwave" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFEnis" class="citation web cs1">Enis, Eli. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://theoutline.com/post/7884/100-gecs-interview-post-internet">"The batshit album that explains how 2019 feels"</a>. The Outline. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200330113730/https://theoutline.com/post/7884/100-gecs-interview-post-internet">Archived</a> from the original on March 30, 2020. Retrieved March 14, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Outline&rft.atitle=The+batshit+album+that+explains+how+2019+feels&rft.aulast=Enis&rft.aufirst=Eli&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftheoutline.com%2Fpost%2F7884%2F100-gecs-interview-post-internet&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVaporwave" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Pitchfork-19">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Pitchfork_19-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pitchfork_19-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pitchfork_19-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pitchfork_19-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLozano2016" class="citation web cs1">Lozano, Kevin (June 14, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pitchfork.com/thepitch/1188-what-the-hell-is-simpsonwave/">"What the Hell Is Simpsonwave?"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Pitchfork_Media" class="mw-redirect" title="Pitchfork Media">Pitchfork Media</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160622225714/http://pitchfork.com/thepitch/1188-what-the-hell-is-simpsonwave/">Archived</a> from the original on June 22, 2016. Retrieved June 22, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=What+the+Hell+Is+Simpsonwave%3F&rft.pub=Pitchfork+Media&rft.date=2016-06-14&rft.aulast=Lozano&rft.aufirst=Kevin&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpitchfork.com%2Fthepitch%2F1188-what-the-hell-is-simpsonwave%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVaporwave" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-geek.com-20">^ <a href="#cite_ref-geek.com_20-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-geek.com_20-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-geek.com_20-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMinor2016" class="citation news cs1">Minor, Jordan (June 3, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.geek.com/news/drown-yourself-beneath-the-vaporwave-1657121/">"Drown yourself beneath the vaporwave"</a>. 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Retrieved June 12, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Geek.com&rft.atitle=Drown+yourself+beneath+the+vaporwave&rft.date=2016-06-03&rft.aulast=Minor&rft.aufirst=Jordan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.geek.com%2Fnews%2Fdrown-yourself-beneath-the-vaporwave-1657121%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVaporwave" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-AVclub-21">^ <a href="#cite_ref-AVclub_21-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-AVclub_21-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBlevins2016" class="citation web cs1">Blevins, Joe (June 3, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.avclub.com/article/simpsonwave-most-wack-tripped-out-simpsons-meme-ev-237679">""Simpsonwave" is the most wack, tripped-out Simpsons meme ever"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_A.V._Club" title="The A.V. Club">The A.V. Club</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Onion" title="The Onion">The Onion</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160603223124/http://www.avclub.com/article/simpsonwave-most-wack-tripped-out-simpsons-meme-ev-237679">Archived</a> from the original on June 3, 2016. Retrieved June 4, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+A.V.+Club&rft.atitle=%22Simpsonwave%22+is+the+most+wack%2C+tripped-out+Simpsons+meme+ever&rft.date=2016-06-03&rft.aulast=Blevins&rft.aufirst=Joe&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.avclub.com%2Farticle%2Fsimpsonwave-most-wack-tripped-out-simpsons-meme-ev-237679&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVaporwave" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Arcand-22">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Arcand_22-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Arcand_22-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Arcand_22-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Arcand_22-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Arcand_22-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Arcand_22-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Arcand_22-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Arcand_22-7">h</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFArcand2016" class="citation web cs1">Arcand, Rob (July 12, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vice.com/en_us/article/yp4nnk/what-is-hardvapour-vaporwave-essay-hke-sandtimer">"Inside Hardvapour, an Aggressive, Wry Rebellion Against Vaporwave"</a>. Thump. <a href="/wiki/Vice_Media" title="Vice Media">Vice Media</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161231173305/https://thump.vice.com/en_us/article/what-is-hardvapour-vaporwave-essay-hke-sandtimer">Archived</a> from the original on December 31, 2016. Retrieved January 30, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Thump&rft.atitle=Inside+Hardvapour%2C+an+Aggressive%2C+Wry+Rebellion+Against+Vaporwave&rft.date=2016-07-12&rft.aulast=Arcand&rft.aufirst=Rob&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vice.com%2Fen_us%2Farticle%2Fyp4nnk%2Fwhat-is-hardvapour-vaporwave-essay-hke-sandtimer&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVaporwave" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-elhype.com-23">^ <a href="#cite_ref-elhype.com_23-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-elhype.com_23-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-elhype.com_23-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-elhype.com_23-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-elhype.com_23-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-elhype.com_23-5">f</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://elhype.com/vaporwave-the-millennial-legacy-of-daniel-lopatin/">Vaporwave, the Millennial legacy of Daniel Lopatin – Revista cultural el Hype</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-Esquire2016-24">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Esquire2016_24-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Esquire2016_24-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Esquire2016_24-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Esquire2016_24-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBeauchamp2016" class="citation news cs1">Beauchamp, Scott (August 18, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.esquire.com/entertainment/music/a47793/what-happened-to-vaporwave/">"How Vaporwave Was Created Then Destroyed by the Internet"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Esquire_(magazine)" title="Esquire (magazine)">Esquire</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170403132708/http://www.esquire.com/entertainment/music/a47793/what-happened-to-vaporwave/">Archived</a> from the original on April 3, 2017. Retrieved April 1, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Esquire&rft.atitle=How+Vaporwave+Was+Created+Then+Destroyed+by+the+Internet&rft.date=2016-08-18&rft.aulast=Beauchamp&rft.aufirst=Scott&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.esquire.com%2Fentertainment%2Fmusic%2Fa47793%2Fwhat-happened-to-vaporwave%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVaporwave" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-moonlvnding.com-25">^ <a href="#cite_ref-moonlvnding.com_25-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-moonlvnding.com_25-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-moonlvnding.com_25-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-moonlvnding.com_25-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFStevenson2023" class="citation web cs1">Stevenson, Jake (June 28, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.moonlvnding.com/post/the-viability-of-vaporwave">"The Viability of Vaporwave"</a>. Moon Lvnding.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Moon+Lvnding&rft.atitle=The+Viability+of+Vaporwave&rft.date=2023-06-28&rft.aulast=Stevenson&rft.aufirst=Jake&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.moonlvnding.com%2Fpost%2Fthe-viability-of-vaporwave&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVaporwave" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-26">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_26-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_26-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://vapor95.com/blogs/darknet/barber-beats-a-controversial-music-genre">"BARBER BEATS: A Controversial Music Genre"</a>. Vapor95. Retrieved April 4, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Vapor95&rft.atitle=BARBER+BEATS%3A+A+Controversial+Music+Genre&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvapor95.com%2Fblogs%2Fdarknet%2Fbarber-beats-a-controversial-music-genre&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVaporwave" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://x.com/aloecitywrld/status/1342856669097824256?s=20">"Aloe City Wrld on X: "I hereby name the subgenre Macroblank makes barber beats""</a>. December 26, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Aloe+City+Wrld+on+X%3A+%22I+hereby+name+the+subgenre+Macroblank+makes+barber+beats%22&rft.date=2020-12-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fx.com%2Faloecitywrld%2Fstatus%2F1342856669097824256%3Fs%3D20&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVaporwave" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-vanpaugambarberbeats-28">^ <a href="#cite_ref-vanpaugambarberbeats_28-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-vanpaugambarberbeats_28-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFEditorial2023" class="citation news cs1">Editorial, YRB (December 21, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://yrbmag.com/what-are-barber-beats-by-van-paugam/">"What Are Barber Beats? by Van Paugam – YRB Magazine"</a>. Yrb Magazine. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240323233908/https://yrbmag.com/what-are-barber-beats-by-van-paugam/">Archived</a> from the original on March 23, 2024. Retrieved April 13, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Yrb+Magazine&rft.atitle=What+Are+Barber+Beats%3F+by+Van+Paugam+%E2%80%93+YRB+Magazine&rft.date=2023-12-21&rft.aulast=Editorial&rft.aufirst=YRB&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fyrbmag.com%2Fwhat-are-barber-beats-by-van-paugam%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVaporwave" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-fashwavevice-29">^ <a href="#cite_ref-fashwavevice_29-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-fashwavevice_29-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-fashwavevice_29-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-fashwavevice_29-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-fashwavevice_29-4">e</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBullockKerry2017" class="citation magazine cs1">Bullock, Penn; Kerry, Eli (January 30, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thump.vice.com/en_us/article/trumpwave-fashwave-far-right-appropriation-vaporwave-synthwave">"Trumpwave and Fashwave Are Just the Latest Disturbing Examples of the Far-Right Appropriating Electronic Music"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Vice_(magazine)" title="Vice (magazine)">Vice</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170206105847/https://thump.vice.com/en_us/article/trumpwave-fashwave-far-right-appropriation-vaporwave-synthwave">Archived</a> from the original on February 6, 2017. Retrieved February 6, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Vice&rft.atitle=Trumpwave+and+Fashwave+Are+Just+the+Latest+Disturbing+Examples+of+the+Far-Right+Appropriating+Electronic+Music&rft.date=2017-01-30&rft.aulast=Bullock&rft.aufirst=Penn&rft.au=Kerry%2C+Eli&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthump.vice.com%2Fen_us%2Farticle%2Ftrumpwave-fashwave-far-right-appropriation-vaporwave-synthwave&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVaporwave" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a> For early 2010s microgenre of electronic music, see <a href="#CITEREFTanner2016">Tanner 2016</a>, p. 3. For definition as both music and visual, see <a href="#CITEREFBornHaworth2017">Born & Haworth 2017</a>, pp. 79–81 and <a href="#CITEREFGlitsos2019">Glitsos 2019</a>, p. 109. For definition as both a genre and an Internet meme, see: <ul><li><a href="#CITEREFBornHaworth2017">Born & Haworth 2017</a>, pp. 79–81: "Indeed, vaporwave circulates more like a 'meme' than a music genre. ... vaporwave is defined almost entirely by its online subculture. ... it is characterized by an intense material and citational reflexivity in relation to the Internet. ... Vaporwave's "memetic" subculture ... also portrays a profound shift in the material mediation of music online."</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1">Minor, Jordan (June 3, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.geek.com/tech/drown-yourself-beneath-the-vaporwave-1657121/">"Drown Yourself Beneath the Vaporwave"</a>. Geek.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170401144248/http://www.geek.com/tech/drown-yourself-beneath-the-vaporwave-1657121/">Archived</a> from the original on April 1, 2017. <q>If you haven't guessed by now, vaporwave is a bit of a joke, or more accurately, an internet meme. ... Vaporwave, meme music, sounds even lazier since you can just slow down old songs, add a drug haze atmosphere, and laugh at the results</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Geek.com&rft.atitle=Drown+Yourself+Beneath+the+Vaporwave&rft.date=2016-06-03&rft.aulast=Minor&rft.aufirst=Jordan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.geek.com%2Ftech%2Fdrown-yourself-beneath-the-vaporwave-1657121%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVaporwave" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1">Goldner, Sam (November 6, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vice.com/en_in/article/8xw3g4/2010s-were-the-decade-that-genre-collapsed">"The 2010s Were the Decade That Genre Collapsed"</a>. Vice. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200310003557/https://www.vice.com/en_in/article/8xw3g4/2010s-were-the-decade-that-genre-collapsed">Archived</a> from the original on March 10, 2020. Retrieved March 19, 2020. <q>Founded upon the blueprint of Daniel Lopatin's Chuck Person's Eccojams Vol. 1 tape, which consisted of slowed-down pop hits slathered in delay and spun on an endless loop, vaporwave's meme-patterned aesthetic spread across the internet ...</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Vice&rft.atitle=The+2010s+Were+the+Decade+That+Genre+Collapsed&rft.date=2019-11-06&rft.aulast=Goldner&rft.aufirst=Sam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vice.com%2Fen_in%2Farticle%2F8xw3g4%2F2010s-were-the-decade-that-genre-collapsed&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVaporwave" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vulture.com/2022/01/the-weeknds-dawn-fm-a-dirge-a-mirror-and-an-echo.html">The Weeknd’s Dawn FM: A Dirge, a Mirror, and an Echo - Vulture</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-32">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_32-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_32-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_32-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBeran2019" class="citation book cs1">Beran, Dale (July 30, 2019). It Came from Something Awful: How a Toxic Troll Army Accidentally Memed Donald Trump into Office (1st ed.). New York: <a href="/wiki/All_Points_Books" class="mw-redirect" title="All Points Books">All Points Books</a>. p. 16. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-250-21947-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-250-21947-3"><bdi>978-1-250-21947-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=It+Came+from+Something+Awful%3A+How+a+Toxic+Troll+Army+Accidentally+Memed+Donald+Trump+into+Office&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=16&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=All+Points+Books&rft.date=2019-07-30&rft.isbn=978-1-250-21947-3&rft.aulast=Beran&rft.aufirst=Dale&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVaporwave" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://vanpaugam.com/blog/what-is-post-vaporwave">The Terrifying Rise of Post-Vaporwave - Van Paugam</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-Britton-34"><a href="#cite_ref-Britton_34-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBritton2016" class="citation web cs1">Britton, Luke Morgan (September 26, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://noisey.vice.com/en_ca/article/a-definitive-guide-to-trolling-music-genres">"Music Genres Are A Joke That You're Not In On"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Vice_(magazine)" title="Vice (magazine)">Vice</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170331025715/https://noisey.vice.com/en_ca/article/a-definitive-guide-to-trolling-music-genres">Archived</a> from the original on March 31, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Vice&rft.atitle=Music+Genres+Are+A+Joke+That+You%27re+Not+In+On&rft.date=2016-09-26&rft.aulast=Britton&rft.aufirst=Luke+Morgan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnoisey.vice.com%2Fen_ca%2Farticle%2Fa-definitive-guide-to-trolling-music-genres&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVaporwave" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-SecondLife-35">^ <a href="#cite_ref-SecondLife_35-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-SecondLife_35-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-SecondLife_35-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-SecondLife_35-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-SecondLife_35-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-SecondLife_35-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-SecondLife_35-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-SecondLife_35-7">h</a> <a href="#cite_ref-SecondLife_35-8">i</a> <a href="#cite_ref-SecondLife_35-9">j</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPrice2016" class="citation magazine cs1">Price, Joe (August 29, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.complex.com/pigeons-and-planes/2016/08/vaporwave-essay/">"Vaporwave's Second Life"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Complex_(magazine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Complex (magazine)">Complex</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Complex&rft.atitle=Vaporwave%27s+Second+Life&rft.date=2016-08-29&rft.aulast=Price&rft.aufirst=Joe&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.complex.com%2Fpigeons-and-planes%2F2016%2F08%2Fvaporwave-essay%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVaporwave" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarper2017121-36">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarper2017121_36-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarper2017121_36-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarper2017121_36-2">c</a> <a href="#CITEREFHarper2017">Harper 2017</a>, p. 121. </li> <li id="cite_note-pitchmicro-37"><a href="#cite_ref-pitchmicro_37-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSherburne2021" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Philip_Sherburne" title="Philip Sherburne">Sherburne, Philip</a> (October 7, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pitchfork.com/features/lists-and-guides/microgenres-25th-anniversary/">"25 Microgenres That (Briefly) Defined the Last 25 Years"</a>. Pitchfork. Retrieved October 24, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Pitchfork&rft.atitle=25+Microgenres+That+%28Briefly%29+Defined+the+Last+25+Years&rft.date=2021-10-07&rft.aulast=Sherburne&rft.aufirst=Philip&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpitchfork.com%2Ffeatures%2Flists-and-guides%2Fmicrogenres-25th-anniversary%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVaporwave" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStevensO'Donnell20201–6-38"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStevensO'Donnell20201–6_38-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFStevensO'Donnell2020">Stevens & O'Donnell 2020</a>, p. 1–6. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGlitsos2019109-39">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGlitsos2019109_39-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGlitsos2019109_39-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGlitsos2019109_39-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGlitsos2019109_39-3">d</a> <a href="#CITEREFGlitsos2019">Glitsos 2019</a>, p. 109. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBornHaworth201779-40">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBornHaworth201779_40-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBornHaworth201779_40-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBornHaworth201779_40-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBornHaworth201779_40-3">d</a> <a href="#CITEREFBornHaworth2017">Born & Haworth 2017</a>, p. 79. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrankel2019-41">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFrankel2019_41-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFrankel2019_41-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFrankel2019_41-2">c</a> <a href="#CITEREFFrankel2019">Frankel 2019</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.orlandoweekly.com/music/orlando-vaporwave-maestro-dan-mason-releases-crystalline-new-compilation-album-34107708">Orlando vaporwave maestro Dan Mason releases crystalline new compilation album|Orlando Music News|Orlando|Orlando Weekly</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETrainer2016-43"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETrainer2016_43-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFTrainer2016">Trainer 2016</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJurgens2016" class="citation web cs1">Jurgens, Genista (July 29, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.format.com/magazine/features/art/vaporwave">"Why Won't Vaporwave Die?"</a>. Format. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180103072648/https://www.format.com/magazine/features/art/vaporwave">Archived</a> from the original on January 3, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Format&rft.atitle=Why+Won%27t+Vaporwave+Die%3F&rft.date=2016-07-29&rft.aulast=Jurgens&rft.aufirst=Genista&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.format.com%2Fmagazine%2Ffeatures%2Fart%2Fvaporwave&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVaporwave" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Colton17-45">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Colton17_45-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Colton17_45-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Colton17_45-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFColton2017" class="citation web cs1">Colton, Stefan (April 15, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://thepolitic.org/love-in-the-time-of-vhs-making-sense-of-vaporwave/">"Love in the Time of VHS: Making Sense of Vaporwave"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Politic" title="The Politic">The Politic</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180429062903/http://thepolitic.org/love-in-the-time-of-vhs-making-sense-of-vaporwave/">Archived</a> from the original on April 29, 2018. Retrieved May 1, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Politic&rft.atitle=Love+in+the+Time+of+VHS%3A+Making+Sense+of+Vaporwave&rft.date=2017-04-15&rft.aulast=Colton&rft.aufirst=Stefan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fthepolitic.org%2Flove-in-the-time-of-vhs-making-sense-of-vaporwave%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVaporwave" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFChandler2017" class="citation web cs1">Chandler, Simon (March 8, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://daily.bandcamp.com/features/the-mall-nostalgia-and-the-loss-of-innocence-an-interview-with-corp">"The Mall, Nostalgia, and the Loss of Innocence: An Interview With 猫シ Corp"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Bandcamp_Daily" class="mw-redirect" title="Bandcamp Daily">Bandcamp Daily</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200303080310/https://daily.bandcamp.com/features/the-mall-nostalgia-and-the-loss-of-innocence-an-interview-with-corp">Archived</a> from the original on March 3, 2020. Retrieved April 11, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Bandcamp+Daily&rft.atitle=The+Mall%2C+Nostalgia%2C+and+the+Loss+of+Innocence%3A+An+Interview+With+%E7%8C%AB+%E3%82%B7+Corp.&rft.date=2017-03-08&rft.aulast=Chandler&rft.aufirst=Simon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdaily.bandcamp.com%2Ffeatures%2Fthe-mall-nostalgia-and-the-loss-of-innocence-an-interview-with-corp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVaporwave" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-realgenre-48">^ <a href="#cite_ref-realgenre_48-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-realgenre_48-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFColeman2015" class="citation web cs1">Coleman, Jonny (May 1, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pitchfork.com/thepitch/756-quiz-is-this-a-real-genre/">"Quiz: Is This A Real Genre"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Pitchfork_(website)" title="Pitchfork (website)">Pitchfork</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170730144948/http://pitchfork.com/thepitch/756-quiz-is-this-a-real-genre/">Archived</a> from the original on July 30, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Pitchfork&rft.atitle=Quiz%3A+Is+This+A+Real+Genre&rft.date=2015-05-01&rft.aulast=Coleman&rft.aufirst=Jonny&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpitchfork.com%2Fthepitch%2F756-quiz-is-this-a-real-genre%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVaporwave" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETrainer2016416-49"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETrainer2016416_49-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFTrainer2016">Trainer 2016</a>, p. 416. </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSeraydarian2015" class="citation web cs1">Seraydarian, Thomas (October 14, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230126232001/https://www.xfdrmag.net/crossfaders-cloud-rap-primer/">"Crossfader's Cloud Rap Primer"</a>. XFDR. 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Retrieved May 23, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Seven+Days&rft.atitle=George+Clanton+on+Vaporwave%2C+Rebranding+and+His+Record+Label%2C+100%25+Electronica&rft.date=2017-03-29&rft.aulast=Adams&rft.aufirst=Jordan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sevendaysvt.com%2Fvermont%2Fgeorge-clanton-on-vaporwave-rebranding-and-his-record-label-100-electronica%2FContent%3Foid%3D4833985&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVaporwave" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrankel2019239–241-83">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFrankel2019239–241_83-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFrankel2019239–241_83-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFFrankel2019">Frankel 2019</a>, pp. 239–241. </li> <li id="cite_note-Fader2019-84">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Fader2019_84-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fader2019_84-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGooding2019" class="citation web cs1">Gooding, Sarah (September 4, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thefader.com/2019/09/04/vaporwave-festival-100-electronicon-scene-report">"Inside 100% ElectroniCON, the world's first vaporwave festival"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Fader" title="The Fader">The Fader</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200418051741/https://www.thefader.com/2019/09/04/vaporwave-festival-100-electronicon-scene-report">Archived</a> from the original on April 18, 2020. Retrieved May 23, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Fader&rft.atitle=Inside+100%25+ElectroniCON%2C+the+world%27s+first+vaporwave+festival&rft.date=2019-09-04&rft.aulast=Gooding&rft.aufirst=Sarah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thefader.com%2F2019%2F09%2F04%2Fvaporwave-festival-100-electronicon-scene-report&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVaporwave" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBornHaworth201782–83-85"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBornHaworth201782–83_85-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBornHaworth2017">Born & Haworth 2017</a>, pp. 82–83. </li> <li id="cite_note-HermanssonLawrence2020-86"><a href="#cite_ref-HermanssonLawrence2020_86-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHermanssonLawrenceMulhallMurdoch2020" class="citation book cs1">Hermansson, Patrik; Lawrence, David; Mulhall, Joe; Murdoch, Simon (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=43fNDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT96">The International Alt-Right: Fascism for the 21st Century?</a>. 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Seriously"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Rolling_Stone" title="Rolling Stone">Rolling Stone</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200127100540/https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-features/monkees-michael-nesmith-vaporwave-714253/">Archived</a> from the original on January 27, 2020. 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Mother Jones. Retrieved February 26, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Mother+Jones&rft.atitle=Requiem+for+a+Dark+Brandon&rft.aulast=Breland&rft.aufirst=Ali&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.motherjones.com%2Fpolitics%2F2022%2F08%2Fdark-brandon-meme-joe-biden%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVaporwave" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-122"><a href="#cite_ref-122">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPengelly2023" class="citation news cs1">Pengelly, Martin (July 26, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2023/jul/26/desantis-campaign-video-nazi-symbol-fired-aide">"DeSantis aide fired after sharing video featuring symbol used by Nazis"</a>. The Guardian. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0261-3077">0261-3077</a>. 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Retrieved September 25, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Bandcamp+Daily&rft.atitle=Genre+As+Method%3A+The+Vaporwave+Family+Tree%2C+From+Eccojams+to+Hardvapour&rft.pages=sec.-Late-nite+Lo-fi&rft.date=2016-11-21&rft.aulast=Chandler&rft.aufirst=Simon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdaily.bandcamp.com%2Flists%2Fvaporwave-genres-list&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVaporwave" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-124"><a href="#cite_ref-124">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://vanpaugam.com/blog/what-is-slushwave-2023">Slushwave? - Van Paugam</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-newvaporwaveaesthetic-125"><a href="#cite_ref-newvaporwaveaesthetic_125-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://poly.rpi.edu/features/2022/03/macroblank-haircuts-for-men-and-the-new-vaporwave-aesthetic/">"Haircuts for Men, Macroblank, and the new vaporwave aesthetic"</a>. The Polytechnic. 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(2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=RkzODwAAQBAJ&pg=PA6">The Microgenre: A Quick Look at Small Culture</a>. <a href="/wiki/Bloomsbury_Publishing" title="Bloomsbury Publishing">Bloomsbury Publishing</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-5013-4583-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-5013-4583-8"><bdi>978-1-5013-4583-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Microgenre%3A+A+Quick+Look+at+Small+Culture&rft.pub=Bloomsbury+Publishing&rft.date=2020&rft.isbn=978-1-5013-4583-8&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DRkzODwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVaporwave" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFTanner2016" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Grafton_Tanner" title="Grafton Tanner">Tanner, Grafton</a> (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=qq83DAAAQBAJ">Babbling Corpse: Vaporwave and the Commodification of Ghosts</a>. John Hunt Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-78279-760-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-78279-760-9"><bdi>978-1-78279-760-9</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170402092333/https://books.google.com/books?id=qq83DAAAQBAJ">Archived</a> from the original on April 2, 2017. Retrieved April 1, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Babbling+Corpse%3A+Vaporwave+and+the+Commodification+of+Ghosts&rft.pub=John+Hunt+Publishing&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-1-78279-760-9&rft.aulast=Tanner&rft.aufirst=Grafton&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dqq83DAAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVaporwave" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFTrainer2016" class="citation book cs1">Trainer, Adam (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=C1wFCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA409">"From Hypnagogia to Distroid: Postironic Musical Renderings of Personal Memory"</a>. The Oxford Handbook of Music and Virtuality. <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-932128-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-932128-5"><bdi>978-0-19-932128-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=From+Hypnagogia+to+Distroid%3A+Postironic+Musical+Renderings+of+Personal+Memory&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Handbook+of+Music+and+Virtuality&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-0-19-932128-5&rft.aulast=Trainer&rft.aufirst=Adam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DC1wFCwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA409&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVaporwave" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1250146164">.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow{padding:0.75em 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow>b{display:block}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul{border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.75em 0;width:217px;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul>li{min-height:31px}.mw-parser-output .sister-logo{display:inline-block;width:31px;line-height:31px;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-link{display:inline-block;margin-left:4px;width:182px;vertical-align:middle}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os 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title="wikt:vaporwave">Definitions</a> from Wiktionary</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/category:Vaporwave" class="extiw" title="c:category:Vaporwave">Media</a> from Commons</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/27px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/41px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/54px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15733887" class="extiw" title="d:Q15733887">Data</a> from Wikidata</li></ul></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HYCkxaIBg54">Adam Harper: Indie Goes Hi-Tech: The End of Analogue Warmth and Cosy Nostalgia</a> on <a href="/wiki/YouTube_video_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="YouTube video (identifier)">YouTube</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irishtimes.com/culture/books/what-does-the-internet-sound-like-1.4500006">What does the internet sound like? on The Irish Times</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox 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.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Vaporwave68" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible expanded navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Vaporwave" title="Template:Vaporwave"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Vaporwave" title="Template talk:Vaporwave"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Vaporwave" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Vaporwave"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Vaporwave68" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Vaporwave</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Subgenres</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hardvapour" title="Hardvapour">Hardvapour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mallsoft" title="Mallsoft">Mallsoft</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Associated musicians</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2814" title="2814">2814</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blank_Banshee" title="Blank Banshee">Blank Banshee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cat_System_Corp." title="Cat System Corp.">Cat System Corp.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chuck_Person%27s_Eccojams_Vol._1" title="Chuck Person's Eccojams Vol. 1">Chuck Person</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death%27s_Dynamic_Shroud" title="Death's Dynamic Shroud">Death's Dynamic Shroud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Clanton" title="George Clanton">George Clanton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Ferraro" title="James Ferraro">James Ferraro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luxury_Elite" title="Luxury Elite">Luxury Elite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Floral_Shoppe" title="Floral Shoppe">Macintosh Plus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ramona_Andra_Langley" title="Ramona Andra Langley">Vektroid</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macross_82-99" title="Macross 82-99">Macross 82-99</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ryan_DeRobertis" title="Ryan DeRobertis">Saint Pepsi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telepath_(musician)" title="Telepath (musician)">Telepath</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Notable albums</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chuck_Person%27s_Eccojams_Vol._1" title="Chuck Person's Eccojams Vol. 1">Chuck Person's Eccojams Vol. 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Far_Side_Virtual" title="Far Side Virtual">Far Side Virtual</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Floral_Shoppe" title="Floral Shoppe">Floral Shoppe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/News_at_11_(album)" title="News at 11 (album)">News at 11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palm_Mall" title="Palm Mall">Palm Mall</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dreampunk" title="Dreampunk">Dreampunk</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Hauntology79" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Hauntology" title="Template:Hauntology"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Hauntology" title="Template talk:Hauntology"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Hauntology" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Hauntology"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Hauntology79" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Hauntology" title="Hauntology">Hauntology</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Writers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Derrida" title="Jacques Derrida">Jacques Derrida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Fisher_(theorist)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mark Fisher (theorist)">Mark Fisher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_Reynolds" title="Simon Reynolds">Simon Reynolds</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Music genres (<a href="/wiki/Hauntology_(music)" title="Hauntology (music)">Hauntology (music)</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hypnagogic_pop" title="Hypnagogic pop">Hypnagogic pop</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chillwave" title="Chillwave">Chillwave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glo-fi" class="mw-redirect" title="Glo-fi">Glo-fi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_occult_psychedelia" title="Italian occult psychedelia">Italian occult psychedelia</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Vaporwave</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Vaporwave" title="Template:Vaporwave">main template</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Musicians</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ariel_Pink" title="Ariel Pink">Ariel Pink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boards_of_Canada" title="Boards of Canada">Boards of Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broadcast_(band)" title="Broadcast (band)">Broadcast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burial_(musician)" title="Burial (musician)">Burial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Caretaker_(musician)" title="The Caretaker (musician)">The Caretaker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Ferraro" title="James Ferraro">James Ferraro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/I_Monster" title="I Monster">I Monster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_Jeck" title="Philip Jeck">Philip Jeck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Position_Normal" title="Position Normal">Position Normal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nick_Nicely" title="Nick Nicely">Nick Nicely</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_memory" title="Cultural memory">Cultural memory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eternal_return" title="Eternal return">Eternal return</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghost_Box_Records" title="Ghost Box Records">Ghost Box Records</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:GhostBox" title="Template:GhostBox">main template</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Library_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Library music">Library music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lo-fi_music" title="Lo-fi music">Lo-fi music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nostalgia_consumption" title="Nostalgia consumption">Nostalgia consumption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Remnant_(Bible)" title="Remnant (Bible)">Remnant (Bible)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Retro_style" title="Retro style">Retro style</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Retrofuturism" title="Retrofuturism">Retrofuturism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vintage_(design)" title="Vintage (design)">Vintage</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revivalism_(architecture)" title="Revivalism (architecture)">Revivalism (architecture)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Specters_of_Marx" title="Specters of Marx">Specters of Marx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghost_Dance_(film)" title="Ghost Dance (film)">Ghost Dance (film)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postmodern_music" title="Postmodern music">Postmodern music</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Electronic-based_music_styles224" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Electronica" title="Template:Electronica"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Electronica" title="Template talk:Electronica"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Electronica" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Electronica"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Electronic-based_music_styles224" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Electronic_music" title="Electronic music">Electronic</a>-based music styles</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Electronic_dance_music" title="Electronic dance music">Electronic dance music</a> · <a href="/wiki/Electronica" title="Electronica">Electronica</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_electronic_music_genres" title="List of electronic music genres">Genres</a> by <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_electronic_music_genres" title="Timeline of electronic music genres">decade of origin</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Early</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Guitar_amplifier" title="Guitar amplifier">Amplified guitar</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Electric_blues" title="Electric blues">Electric blues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Hawaii#Guitar_innovations" title="Music of Hawaii">Hawaiian guitar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%B9j%C3%BA_music" title="Jùjú music">Jùjú</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music" title="Rock music">Rock</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rock_genres" title="List of rock genres">List of rock genres</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_swing" title="Western swing">Western swing</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biomusic" title="Biomusic">Biomusic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Computer_music" title="Computer music">Computer music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electroacoustic_music" title="Electroacoustic music">Electroacoustic music</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acousmatic_music" title="Acousmatic music">Acousmatic music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musique_concr%C3%A8te" title="Musique concrète">Musique concrète</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tape_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Tape music">Tape music</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elektronische_Musik" class="mw-redirect" title="Elektronische Musik">Elektronische Musik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Live_electronic_music" title="Live electronic music">Live electronics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noise_music" title="Noise music">Noise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sound_system_(Jamaican)" title="Sound system (Jamaican)">Sound system (Jamaican)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_age_pop" title="Space age pop">Space age pop</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1960s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ambient_music" title="Ambient music">Ambient</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drone_music" title="Drone music">Drone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dub_music" title="Dub music">Dub</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electronic_rock" title="Electronic rock">Electronic rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jazz-funk" title="Jazz-funk">Jazz-funk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krautrock" title="Krautrock">Krautrock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New-age_music" title="New-age music">New-age music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_rock" title="Progressive rock">Progressive rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychedelic_music" title="Psychedelic music">Psychedelic music</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Psychedelic_funk" title="Psychedelic funk">Psychedelic funk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychedelic_rock" title="Psychedelic rock">Psychedelic rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sampledelia" title="Sampledelia">Sampledelia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_music" title="Space music">Space music</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Space_rock" title="Space rock">Space rock</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1970s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afro/cosmic_music" title="Afro/cosmic music">Afro/cosmic music</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Space_disco" class="mw-redirect" title="Space disco">Space disco</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boogie_(genre)" title="Boogie (genre)">Boogie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chiptune" title="Chiptune">Chiptune</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dancehall" title="Dancehall">Dancehall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electropunk" class="mw-redirect" title="Electropunk">Electropunk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurodisco" title="Eurodisco">Eurodisco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hi-NRG" title="Hi-NRG">Hi-NRG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industrial_music" title="Industrial music">Industrial</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Industrial_rock" title="Industrial rock">Industrial rock</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanoise" title="Japanoise">Japanoise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_wave_music" title="New wave music">New wave</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cold_wave_(music)" title="Cold wave (music)">Cold wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dark_wave" title="Dark wave">Dark wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minimal_wave" title="Minimal wave">Minimal wave</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-disco" title="Post-disco">Post-disco</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dance-punk" title="Dance-punk">Dance-punk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dance-rock" title="Dance-rock">Dance-rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italo_disco" title="Italo disco">Italo disco</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reggae_fusion" title="Reggae fusion">Reggae fusion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synth-pop" title="Synth-pop">Synth-pop</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1980s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acid_jazz" title="Acid jazz">Acid jazz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alternative_dance" title="Alternative dance">Alternative dance</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baggy" title="Baggy">Baggy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambient_pop" class="mw-redirect" title="Ambient pop">Ambient pop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breakbeat" title="Breakbeat">Breakbeat</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Florida_breaks" title="Florida breaks">Florida breaks</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contemporary_R%26B" title="Contemporary R&B">Contemporary R&B</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_jack_swing" title="New jack swing">New jack swing</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dark_ambient" title="Dark ambient">Dark ambient</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dubtronica" title="Dubtronica">Dubtronica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electro_(music)" title="Electro (music)">Electro</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Freestyle_music" title="Freestyle music">Freestyle</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electro-industrial" title="Electro-industrial">Electro-industrial</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Electronic_body_music" title="Electronic body music">Electronic body music</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electropop" title="Electropop">Electropop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_electronica" title="Ethnic electronica">Ethnic electronica</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Funk_carioca" title="Funk carioca">Funk carioca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuduro" title="Kuduro">Kuduro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kwaito" title="Kwaito">Kwaito</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tecnocumbia" title="Tecnocumbia">Tecnocumbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turbo-folk" title="Turbo-folk">Turbo-folk</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurobeat" title="Eurobeat">Eurobeat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurodance" title="Eurodance">Eurodance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grebo_(music)" title="Grebo (music)">Grebo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_music" title="House music">House</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acid_house" title="Acid house">Acid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambient_house" title="Ambient house">Ambient</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balearic_beat" title="Balearic beat">Balearic beat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicago_house" title="Chicago house">Chicago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deep_house" title="Deep house">Deep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garage_house" title="Garage house">Garage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Funky_house" title="Funky house">Funky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italo_house" title="Italo house">Italo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Jersey_sound" title="New Jersey sound">Jersey sound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hip_house" title="Hip house">Hip house</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_house" title="Latin house">Latin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tech_house" title="Tech house">Tech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tribal_house" title="Tribal house">Tribal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industrial_hip_hop" class="mw-redirect" title="Industrial hip hop">Industrial hip hop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industrial_metal" title="Industrial metal">Industrial metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martial_industrial" title="Martial industrial">Martial industrial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miami_bass" title="Miami bass">Miami bass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_beat" title="New beat">New beat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_electronics_(music)" class="mw-redirect" title="Power electronics (music)">Power electronics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ragga" title="Ragga">Ragga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sophisti-pop" title="Sophisti-pop">Sophisti-pop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synth-metal" class="mw-redirect" title="Synth-metal">Synth-metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Techno" title="Techno">Techno</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acid_techno" title="Acid techno">Acid techno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bleep_techno" title="Bleep techno">Bleep techno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Detroit_techno" title="Detroit techno">Detroit techno</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tracker_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Tracker music">Tracker music</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1990s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ambient_dub" class="mw-redirect" title="Ambient dub">Ambient dub</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambient_techno" title="Ambient techno">Ambient techno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asian_underground" class="mw-redirect" title="Asian underground">Asian underground</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baltimore_club" title="Baltimore club">Baltimore club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhangragga" class="mw-redirect" title="Bhangragga">Bhangragga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Big_beat" title="Big beat">Big beat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bitpop" title="Bitpop">Bitpop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breakbeat_hardcore" title="Breakbeat hardcore">Breakbeat hardcore</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Darkcore" title="Darkcore">Darkcore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Happy_hardcore" title="Happy hardcore">Happy hardcore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toytown_techno" title="Toytown techno">Toytown techno</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broken_beat" title="Broken beat">Broken beat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Changa_tuki" class="mw-redirect" title="Changa tuki">Changa tuki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chopped_and_screwed" title="Chopped and screwed">Chopped and screwed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dark_electro" class="mw-redirect" title="Dark electro">Dark electro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denpa_song" title="Denpa song">Denpa song</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_hardcore" title="Digital hardcore">Digital hardcore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disco_polo" title="Disco polo">Disco polo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diva_house" title="Diva house">Diva house</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hardbag" title="Hardbag">Hardbag</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Downtempo" title="Downtempo">Downtempo</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bristol_sound" class="mw-redirect" title="Bristol sound">Bristol sound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psybient" class="mw-redirect" title="Psybient">Psybient</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trip_hop" title="Trip hop">Trip hop</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drum_and_bass" title="Drum and bass">Drum and bass</a> <ul><li>Heavy <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Darkstep" class="mw-redirect" title="Darkstep">Darkstep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hardstep" title="Hardstep">Hardstep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neurofunk" title="Neurofunk">Neurofunk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Techstep" title="Techstep">Techstep</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jungle_music" title="Jungle music">Jungle</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ragga_jungle" class="mw-redirect" title="Ragga jungle">Ragga jungle</a></li></ul></li> <li>Light <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atmospheric_drum_and_bass" class="mw-redirect" title="Atmospheric drum and bass">Atmospheric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intelligent_drum_and_bass" class="mw-redirect" title="Intelligent drum and bass">Intelligent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jazzstep" class="mw-redirect" title="Jazzstep">Jazzstep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liquid_funk" title="Liquid funk">Liquid funk</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dub_techno" title="Dub techno">Dub techno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dungeon_synth" title="Dungeon synth">Dungeon synth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electroclash" title="Electroclash">Electroclash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folktronica" title="Folktronica">Folktronica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_house" title="French house">French house</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nu_disco" class="mw-redirect" title="Nu disco">Nu disco</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Funkot" title="Funkot">Funkot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Futurepop" title="Futurepop">Futurepop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghetto_house" title="Ghetto house">Ghetto house</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Footwork_(genre)" title="Footwork (genre)">Footwork</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghettotech" title="Ghettotech">Ghettotech</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glitch_(music)" title="Glitch (music)">Glitch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hardcore_(electronic_dance_music_genre)" title="Hardcore (electronic dance music genre)">Hardcore</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Belgian_hardcore_techno" title="Belgian hardcore techno">Belgian techno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bouncy_techno" title="Bouncy techno">Bouncy techno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breakcore" title="Breakcore">Breakcore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_tekno_(music)" class="mw-redirect" title="Free tekno (music)">Free tekno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frenchcore" title="Frenchcore">Frenchcore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabber" title="Gabber">Gabber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hardstyle" title="Hardstyle">Hardstyle</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lento_violento" title="Lento violento">Lento violento</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J-core" title="J-core">J-core</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A1kina" title="Mákina">Mákina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speedcore" title="Speedcore">Speedcore</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harsh_noise_wall" title="Harsh noise wall">Harsh noise wall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illbient" title="Illbient">Illbient</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indietronica" class="mw-redirect" title="Indietronica">Indietronica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industrial_techno" title="Industrial techno">Industrial techno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intelligent_dance_music" title="Intelligent dance music">Intelligent dance music</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Drill_%27n%27_bass" title="Drill 'n' bass">Drill 'n' bass</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kidandali" title="Kidandali">Kidandali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jam_band#1996–2008:_rise_of_Phish_and_music_festivals" title="Jam band">Livetronica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merenhouse" title="Merenhouse">Merenhouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microhouse" title="Microhouse">Microhouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minimal_techno" title="Minimal techno">Minimal techno</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Schaffel" title="Schaffel">Schaffel</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nu_jazz" title="Nu jazz">Nu jazz</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Electro_swing" title="Electro swing">Electro swing</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nu_metal" title="Nu metal">Nu metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nu_skool_breaks" title="Nu skool breaks">Nu skool breaks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-rock" title="Post-rock">Post-rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_noise" title="Power noise">Power noise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_house" title="Progressive house">Progressive house</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psydub" title="Psydub">Psydub</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reggaeton" title="Reggaeton">Reggaeton</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dembow" class="mw-redirect" title="Dembow">Dembow</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trance_music" title="Trance music">Trance</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acid_trance" title="Acid trance">Acid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balearic_trance" title="Balearic trance">Balearic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dream_trance" title="Dream trance">Dream</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goa_trance" title="Goa trance">Goa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurodance#Hands_Up" title="Eurodance">Hands Up</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hard_trance" title="Hard trance">Hard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_trance" class="mw-redirect" title="Progressive trance">Progressive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychedelic_trance" title="Psychedelic trance">Psy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tech_trance" title="Tech trance">Tech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uplifting_trance" title="Uplifting trance">Uplifting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vocal_trance" class="mw-redirect" title="Vocal trance">Vocal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UK_garage" title="UK garage">UK garage</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2-step_garage" title="2-step garage">2-step</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breakstep" title="Breakstep">Breakstep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speed_garage" title="Speed garage">Speed garage</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UK_hard_house" title="UK hard house">UK hard house</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hardbass" title="Hardbass">Hardbass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hard_NRG" title="Hard NRG">Hard NRG</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2000s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afrobeats" title="Afrobeats">Afrobeats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bassline_(music_genre)" title="Bassline (music genre)">Bassline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Budots" title="Budots">Budots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_electronic_dance_music" title="Christian electronic dance music">Christian electronic dance music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cloud_rap" title="Cloud rap">Cloud rap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coup%C3%A9-d%C3%A9cal%C3%A9" title="Coupé-décalé">Coupé-décalé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crunk" title="Crunk">Crunk</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crunkcore" title="Crunkcore">Crunkcore</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dancehall_pop" title="Dancehall pop">Dancehall pop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dubstep" title="Dubstep">Dubstep</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Reggaestep" title="Reggaestep">Reggaestep</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electro_house" title="Electro house">Electro house</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Complextro" class="mw-redirect" title="Complextro">Complextro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_house" class="mw-redirect" title="Dutch house">Dutch house</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fidget_house" class="mw-redirect" title="Fidget house">Fidget house</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electronicore" title="Electronicore">Electronicore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Future_garage" title="Future garage">Future garage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grime_(music_genre)" class="mw-redirect" title="Grime (music genre)">Grime</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grindie" title="Grindie">Grindie</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hauntology_(music)" title="Hauntology (music)">Hauntology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypnagogic_pop" title="Hypnagogic pop">Hypnagogic pop</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chillwave" title="Chillwave">Chillwave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glo-fi" class="mw-redirect" title="Glo-fi">Glo-fi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jersey_club" title="Jersey club">Jersey club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juke_house" class="mw-redirect" title="Juke house">Juke house</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jumpstyle" title="Jumpstyle">Jumpstyle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mainstream_hardcore" title="Mainstream hardcore">Mainstream hardcore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nightcore" title="Nightcore">Nightcore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nintendocore" title="Nintendocore">Nintendocore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nortec" title="Nortec">Nortec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phonk" title="Phonk">Phonk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-punk_revival" title="Post-punk revival">Post-punk revival</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_rave" title="New rave">New rave</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rab%C3%B2day" title="Rabòday">Rabòday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reductionism_(music)" title="Reductionism (music)">Reductionism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lowercase_(music)" title="Lowercase (music)">Lowercase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onkyokei" title="Onkyokei">Onkyokei</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russ_music" title="Russ music">Russ music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sambass" title="Sambass">Sambass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shangaan_electro" title="Shangaan electro">Shangaan electro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skweee" title="Skweee">Skweee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synthwave" title="Synthwave">Synthwave</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sovietwave" title="Sovietwave">Sovietwave</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tecno_brega" title="Tecno brega">Tecno brega</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trival" class="mw-redirect" title="Trival">Trival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UK_bass" title="UK bass">UK bass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UK_funky" title="UK funky">UK funky</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Funkstep" title="Funkstep">Funkstep</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vocaloid_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Vocaloid music">Vocaloid music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Witch_house_(genre)" title="Witch house (genre)">Witch house</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wonky_(genre)" title="Wonky (genre)">Wonky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wonky_pop" title="Wonky pop">Wonky pop</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2010s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afroswing" title="Afroswing">Afroswing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Algorave" title="Algorave">Algorave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amapiano" title="Amapiano">Amapiano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azonto" title="Azonto">Azonto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Big_room_house" title="Big room house">Big room house</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_MIDI" title="Black MIDI">Black MIDI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_bass" class="mw-redirect" title="Brazilian bass">Brazilian bass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bro-country" title="Bro-country">Bro-country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deconstructed_club" title="Deconstructed club">Deconstructed club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dreampunk" title="Dreampunk">Dreampunk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Funktronica" class="mw-redirect" title="Funktronica">Funktronica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Future_bass" title="Future bass">Future bass</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kawaii_future_bass" class="mw-redirect" title="Kawaii future bass">Kawaii future bass</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Future_house" title="Future house">Future house</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Future_soul" title="Future soul">Future soul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyperpop" title="Hyperpop">Hyperpop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gqom" title="Gqom">Gqom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jungle_terror" class="mw-redirect" title="Jungle terror">Jungle terror</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lofi_hip_hop" class="mw-redirect" title="Lofi hip hop">Lofi hip hop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahraganat" title="Mahraganat">Mahraganat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melbourne_bounce" class="mw-redirect" title="Melbourne bounce">Melbourne bounce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moombahton" title="Moombahton">Moombahton</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Moombahcore" class="mw-redirect" title="Moombahcore">Moombahcore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moombahsoul" class="mw-redirect" title="Moombahsoul">Moombahsoul</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mumble_rap" title="Mumble rap">Mumble rap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outsider_house" title="Outsider house">Outsider house</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plugg_(music)" class="mw-redirect" title="Plugg (music)">Plugg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-dubstep" title="Post-dubstep">Post-dubstep</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brostep" title="Brostep">Brostep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riddim_(genre)" title="Riddim (genre)">Riddim</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rara_tech" title="Rara tech">Rara tech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seapunk" title="Seapunk">Seapunk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shamstep" title="Shamstep">Shamstep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EDM_trap_music" title="EDM trap music">EDM trap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tropical_house" title="Tropical house">Tropical house</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Vaporwave</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hardvapour" title="Hardvapour">Hardvapour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mallsoft" title="Mallsoft">Mallsoft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chopped_%26_screwed#Slowed_and_reverb" class="mw-redirect" title="Chopped & screwed">Slowed and reverb</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wave_music" title="Wave music">Wave</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hardwave" class="mw-redirect" title="Hardwave">Hardwave</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weird_SoundCloud" title="Weird SoundCloud">Weird SoundCloud</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2020s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Drift_phonk" class="mw-redirect" title="Drift phonk">Drift phonk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyperpop#Related_genres" title="Hyperpop">Hyperpop microgenres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plugg_(music)#Proliferation_of_micro-subgenres" class="mw-redirect" title="Plugg (music)">Plugg microgenres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rage_rap" class="mw-redirect" title="Rage rap">Rage</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Drop_(music)" title="Drop (music)">Beat drop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Club_drug" title="Club drug">Club drug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disc_jockey" title="Disc jockey">Disc jockey</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/DJ_mix" title="DJ mix">DJ mix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sound_system_(DJ)" title="Sound system (DJ)">Sound system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turntablism" title="Turntablism">Turntablism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mashup_(music)" title="Mashup (music)">Mashup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microgenre" title="Microgenre">Microgenre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nightclub" title="Nightclub">Nightclub</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rave" title="Rave">Rave</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acid_house_party" title="Acid house party">Acid house party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circuit_party" title="Circuit party">Circuit party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doof" title="Doof">Doof</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_electronic_dance_music_festivals" class="mw-redirect" title="List of electronic dance music festivals">EDM festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_party" title="Free party">Free party</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Teknival" title="Teknival">Teknival</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Remix" title="Remix">Remix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sampling_(music)" title="Sampling (music)">Sampling</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Plunderphonics" title="Plunderphonics">Plunderphonics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rare_groove" title="Rare groove">Rare groove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riddim" title="Riddim">Riddim</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Street_dance" title="Street dance">Street dance</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/House_dance" title="House dance">House dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rave_dance" class="mw-redirect" title="Rave dance">Rave dance</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Genres</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bass_music" title="Bass music">Bass music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_fusion" title="Celtic fusion">Celtic fusion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chill-out_music" title="Chill-out music">Chill-out music</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lounge_music" title="Lounge music">Lounge music</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disco" title="Disco">Disco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doujin_music" title="Doujin music">Doujin music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lo-fi_music" title="Lo-fi music">Lo-fi music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madchester" title="Madchester">Madchester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_electronica" class="mw-redirect" title="Progressive electronica">Progressive electronica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rave_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Rave music">Rave music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reggae" title="Reggae">Reggae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sound_collage" title="Sound collage">Sound collage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Video_game_music" title="Video game music">Video game music</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adaptive_music" title="Adaptive music">Adaptive music</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Tools</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bass_(sound)#Music_shows_and_dances" title="Bass (sound)">Bass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Data_sonification" title="Data sonification">Data sonification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_audio_workstation" title="Digital audio workstation">Digital audio workstation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drum_break" class="mw-redirect" title="Drum break">Drum break</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Sampled_drum_breaks" title="Category:Sampled drum breaks">List</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electronic_musical_instrument" title="Electronic musical instrument">Electronic musical instrument</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Drum_machine" title="Drum machine">Drum machine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sampler_(musical_instrument)" title="Sampler (musical instrument)">Sampler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synthesizer" title="Synthesizer">Synthesizer</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electronics_in_rock_music" title="Electronics in rock music">Electronics in rock music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MIDI" title="MIDI">MIDI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_technology_(electronic_and_digital)" title="Music technology (electronic and digital)">Music technology (electronic and digital)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recording_studio_as_an_instrument" title="Recording studio as an instrument">Recording studio as an instrument</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Premodern,_Modern_and_Contemporary_art_movements454" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#EAE0C8;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Western_art_movements" title="Template:Western art movements"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Western_art_movements" title="Template talk:Western art movements"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Western_art_movements" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Western art movements"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Premodern,_Modern_and_Contemporary_art_movements454" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Art_of_Europe" title="Art of Europe">Premodern</a>, <a href="/wiki/Modern_art" title="Modern art">Modern</a> and <a href="/wiki/Contemporary_art" title="Contemporary art">Contemporary</a> art movements</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:#EAE0C8;"><div><a href="/wiki/List_of_art_movements" title="List of art movements">List of art movements</a>/<a href="/wiki/Periods_in_Western_art_history" title="Periods in Western art history">periods</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#EAE0C8;;width:1%">Premodern (Western)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EAE0C8;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ancient_art" title="Ancient art">Ancient</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thracian_treasure" title="Thracian treasure">Thracian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dacian_art" title="Dacian art">Dacian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuragic_civilization#Culture" title="Nuragic civilization">Nuragic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aegean_art" title="Aegean art">Aegean</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cycladic_art" title="Cycladic art">Cycladic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minoan_art" title="Minoan art">Minoan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minyan_ware" title="Minyan ware">Minyan ware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mycenaean_Greece#Art_and_pottery" title="Mycenaean Greece">Mycenaean</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_art" title="Ancient Greek art">Greek</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sub-Mycenaean_pottery" title="Sub-Mycenaean pottery">Sub-Mycenaean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protogeometric_style" title="Protogeometric style">Protogeometric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geometric_art" title="Geometric art">Geometric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orientalizing_period" title="Orientalizing period">Orientalizing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archaic_Greek_art" class="mw-redirect" title="Archaic Greek art">Archaic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black-figure_pottery" title="Black-figure pottery">Black-figure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red-figure_pottery" title="Red-figure pottery">Red-figure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Severe_style" title="Severe style">Severe style</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_art#Classical" title="Ancient Greek art">Classical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerch_style" title="Kerch style">Kerch style</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hellenistic_art" title="Hellenistic art">Hellenistic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hellenistic_art#"Baroque"" title="Hellenistic art">"Baroque"</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Greek_art" title="Indo-Greek art">Indo-Greek</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greco-Buddhist_art" title="Greco-Buddhist art">Greco-Buddhist</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Attic" title="Neo-Attic">Neo-Attic</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etruscan_art" title="Etruscan art">Etruscan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scythian_art" class="mw-redirect" title="Scythian art">Scythian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iberian_sculpture" title="Iberian sculpture">Iberian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gauls#Art" title="Gauls">Gaulish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_art" title="Roman art">Roman</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Republican_art" title="Roman Republican art">Republican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gallo-Roman_art" class="mw-redirect" title="Gallo-Roman art">Gallo-Roman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augustan_and_Julio-Claudian_art" title="Augustan and Julio-Claudian art">Julio-Claudian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pompeian_Styles" title="Pompeian Styles">Pompeian Styles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trajanic_art" title="Trajanic art">Trajanic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Severan_art" title="Severan art">Severan</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EAE0C8;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Medieval_art" title="Medieval art">Medieval</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Late_Antique_art" class="mw-redirect" title="Late Antique art">Late antique</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Early_Christian_art_and_architecture" title="Early Christian art and architecture">Early Christian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coptic_art" title="Coptic art">Coptic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_art" title="Ethiopian art">Ethiopian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Migration_Period_art" title="Migration Period art">Migration Period</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Saxon_art" title="Anglo-Saxon art">Anglo-Saxon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunnic_art" title="Hunnic art">Hunnic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insular_art" title="Insular art">Insular</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lombards#Art" title="Lombards">Lombard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visigothic_art_and_architecture" title="Visigothic art and architecture">Visigothic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donor_portrait" title="Donor portrait">Donor portrait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Picts#Art" title="Picts">Pictish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mozarabic_art_and_architecture" title="Mozarabic art and architecture">Mozarabic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Repoblaci%C3%B3n_art_and_architecture" title="Repoblación art and architecture">Repoblación</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viking_art" title="Viking art">Viking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_art" title="Byzantine art">Byzantine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Iconoclasm" title="Byzantine Iconoclasm">Iconoclast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macedonian_art_(Byzantine)" title="Macedonian art (Byzantine)">Macedonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palaeologan_Renaissance#Art_and_architecture" title="Palaeologan Renaissance">Palaeologan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italo-Byzantine" title="Italo-Byzantine">Italo-Byzantine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franks#Art_and_architecture" title="Franks">Frankish</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Merovingian_art_and_architecture" title="Merovingian art and architecture">Merovingian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carolingian_art" title="Carolingian art">Carolingian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pre-Romanesque_art_and_architecture" title="Pre-Romanesque art and architecture">Pre-Romanesque</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottonian_art" title="Ottonian art">Ottonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanesque_art" title="Romanesque art">Romanesque</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mosan_art" title="Mosan art">Mosan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Romanesque" title="Spanish Romanesque">Spanish</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Normans#Visual_arts" title="Normans">Norman</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Norman%E2%80%93Arab%E2%80%93Byzantine_culture" title="Norman–Arab–Byzantine culture">Norman-Sicilian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opus_Anglicanum" title="Opus Anglicanum">Opus Anglicanum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_art" title="Gothic art">Gothic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_art_in_Milan" title="Gothic art in Milan">Gothic art in Milan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Gothic" title="International Gothic">International Gothic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Gothic_art_in_Italy" title="International Gothic art in Italy">International Gothic art in Italy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucchese_school" title="Lucchese school">Lucchese school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_of_the_Crusades" title="Art of the Crusades">Crusades</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moscow_school" title="Moscow school">Moscow school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novgorod_school" title="Novgorod school">Novgorod school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duecento" title="Duecento">Duecento</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sienese_school" title="Sienese school">Sienese school</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mud%C3%A9jar_art" title="Mudéjar art">Mudéjar</a></li> <li>Medieval <a href="/wiki/History_of_cartography#Medieval_Europe" title="History of cartography">cartography</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_cartography#Italian_cartography_and_the_birth_of_portolan_charts" title="History of cartography">Italian school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Majorcan_cartographic_school" title="Majorcan cartographic school">Majorcan school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mappa_mundi" title="Mappa mundi">Mappa mundi</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EAE0C8;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Renaissance_art" title="Renaissance art">Renaissance</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Renaissance_painting" title="Italian Renaissance painting">Italian Renaissance</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trecento" title="Trecento">Trecento</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Proto-Renaissance" class="mw-redirect" title="Proto-Renaissance">Proto-Renaissance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florentine_painting" title="Florentine painting">Florentine school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pittura_infamante" title="Pittura infamante">Pittura infamante</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quattrocento" title="Quattrocento">Quattrocento</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/School_of_Ferrara" title="School of Ferrara">Ferrarese school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forlivese_school_of_art" title="Forlivese school of art">Forlivese school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venetian_painting" title="Venetian painting">Venetian school</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinquecento" title="Cinquecento">Cinquecento</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/High_Renaissance" title="High Renaissance">High Renaissance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolognese_school" title="Bolognese school">Bolognese school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mannerism" title="Mannerism">Mannerism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counter-Maniera" title="Counter-Maniera">Counter-Maniera</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Renaissance" title="Northern Renaissance">Northern Renaissance</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Early_Netherlandish_painting" title="Early Netherlandish painting">Early Netherlandish</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/World_landscape" title="World landscape">World landscape</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghent%E2%80%93Bruges_school" title="Ghent–Bruges school">Ghent–Bruges school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Mannerism" title="Northern Mannerism">Northern Mannerism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Renaissance" title="German Renaissance">German Renaissance</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cologne_school_of_painting" title="Cologne school of painting">Cologne school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danube_school" title="Danube school">Danube school</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_and_Flemish_Renaissance_painting" title="Dutch and Flemish Renaissance painting">Dutch and Flemish Renaissance</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antwerp_Mannerism" title="Antwerp Mannerism">Antwerp Mannerism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanism_(painting)" title="Romanism (painting)">Romanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Still_life" title="Still life">Still life</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_Renaissance#Visual_arts" title="English Renaissance">English Renaissance</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Artists_of_the_Tudor_court" title="Artists of the Tudor court">Tudor court</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cretan_school" title="Cretan school">Cretan school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turquerie" title="Turquerie">Turquerie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/School_of_Fontainebleau" title="School of Fontainebleau">Fontainebleau school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_of_the_late_16th_century_in_Milan" title="Art of the late 16th century in Milan">Art of the late 16th century in Milan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EAE0C8;width:1%">17th century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baroque" title="Baroque">Baroque</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baroque_in_Milan" class="mw-redirect" title="Baroque in Milan">Baroque in Milan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flemish_Baroque_painting" title="Flemish Baroque painting">Flemish Baroque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caravaggisti" title="Caravaggisti">Caravaggisti</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Utrecht_Caravaggism" title="Utrecht Caravaggism">in Utrecht</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tenebrism" title="Tenebrism">Tenebrism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_XIII_style" title="Louis XIII style">Louis XIII style</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lutheran_baroque" class="mw-redirect" title="Lutheran baroque">Lutheran Baroque</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stroganov_school" title="Stroganov school">Stroganov school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animal_painter" title="Animal painter">Animal painting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guild_of_Romanists" title="Guild of Romanists">Guild of Romanists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Golden_Age_painting" title="Dutch Golden Age painting">Dutch Golden Age</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Delft_school_(painting)" title="Delft school (painting)">Delft school</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capriccio_(art)" title="Capriccio (art)">Capriccio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ionian_school_(painting)" title="Ionian school (painting)">Heptanese school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classicism#In_the_fine_arts" title="Classicism">Classicism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Louis_XIV_style" title="Louis XIV style">Louis XIV style</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poussinists_and_Rubenists" title="Poussinists and Rubenists">Poussinists and Rubenists</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EAE0C8;width:1%">18th century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rococo" title="Rococo">Rococo</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rocaille" title="Rocaille">Rocaille</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_XV_style" title="Louis XV style">Louis XV style</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederician_Rococo" class="mw-redirect" title="Frederician Rococo">Frederician</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinoiserie" title="Chinoiserie">Chinoiserie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F%C3%AAte_galante" title="Fête galante">Fête galante</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neoclassicism" title="Neoclassicism">Neoclassicism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Go%C3%BBt_grec" title="Goût grec">Goût grec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_XVI_style" title="Louis XVI style">Louis XVI style</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adam_style" title="Adam style">Adam style</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Directoire_style" title="Directoire style">Directoire style</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neoclassical_architecture_in_Milan" title="Neoclassical architecture in Milan">Neoclassical architecture in Milan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Picturesque" title="Picturesque">Picturesque</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EAE0C8;width:1%">Colonial art</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Art of the <a href="/wiki/African_diaspora" title="African diaspora">African diaspora</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African-American_art" title="African-American art">African-American</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caribbean_art" title="Caribbean art">Caribbean</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Haitian_art" title="Haitian art">Haitian</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li>Colonial Asian art <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arts_in_the_Philippines" title="Arts in the Philippines">Arts in the Philippines</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Letras_y_figuras" title="Letras y figuras">Letras y figuras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tipos_del_Pa%C3%ADs" title="Tipos del País">Tipos del País</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baroque#Baroque_in_the_Spanish_and_Portuguese_Colonial_Asia" title="Baroque">Colonial Asian Baroque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Company_style" title="Company style">Company style</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_American_art" title="Latin American art">Latin American art</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Casta_painting" class="mw-redirect" title="Casta painting">Casta painting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indochristian_art" title="Indochristian art">Indochristian art</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chilote_school_of_religious_imagery" title="Chilote school of religious imagery">Chilote school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuzco_school" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuzco school">Cuzco school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quito_school" title="Quito school">Quito school</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baroque#Baroque_in_the_Spanish_and_Portuguese_Colonial_Americas" title="Baroque">Latin American Baroque</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EAE0C8;width:1%">Art borrowing Western elements</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_art" title="Islamic art">Islamic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Andalus#Art_and_architecture" title="Al-Andalus">Moorish</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manichaean_art" title="Manichaean art">Manichaean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mughal_art" class="mw-redirect" title="Mughal art">Mughal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qajar_art" title="Qajar art">Qajar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qing_handicrafts" title="Qing handicrafts">Qing handicrafts</a></li> <li>Western influence in <a href="/wiki/Japanese_art" title="Japanese art">Japan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akita_ranga" title="Akita ranga">Akita ranga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uki-e" title="Uki-e">Uki-e</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EAE0C8;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_art#Western_art_after_1770" title="History of art">Transition to modern</a> (c. 1770 – 1862)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Romanticism#Visual_arts" title="Romanticism">Romanticism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fairy_painting" title="Fairy painting">Fairy painting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danish_Golden_Age" title="Danish Golden Age">Danish Golden Age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Troubadour_style" title="Troubadour style">Troubadour style</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazarene_movement" title="Nazarene movement">Nazarene movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purismo" title="Purismo">Purismo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancients_(art_group)" title="Ancients (art group)">Shoreham Ancients</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf_school_of_painting" class="mw-redirect" title="Düsseldorf school of painting">Düsseldorf school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pre-Raphaelite_Brotherhood" title="Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood">Pre-Raphaelites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hudson_River_School" title="Hudson River School">Hudson River School</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Luminism_(American_art_style)" title="Luminism (American art style)">American luminism</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orientalism#Orientalist_art" title="Orientalism">Orientalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwich_school_of_painters" title="Norwich school of painters">Norwich school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empire_style" title="Empire style">Empire style</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historicism_(art)" title="Historicism (art)">Historicism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Revivalism_(architecture)" title="Revivalism (architecture)">Revivalism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biedermeier" title="Biedermeier">Biedermeier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Realism_(art_movement)" title="Realism (art movement)">Realism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barbizon_school" class="mw-redirect" title="Barbizon school">Barbizon school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Costumbrismo" title="Costumbrismo">Costumbrismo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verismo_(painting)" title="Verismo (painting)">Verismo</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Macchiaioli" title="Macchiaioli">Macchiaioli</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Academic_art" title="Academic art">Academic art</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Munich_school" title="Munich school">Munich school</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greek_academic_art_of_the_19th_century" title="Greek academic art of the 19th century">in Greece</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Grec#Painting" title="Neo-Grec">Neo-Grec</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etching_revival" title="Etching revival">Etching revival</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#EAE0C8;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Modern_art" title="Modern art">Modern</a> (1863–1944)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EAE0C8;width:1%">1863–1899</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neo-romanticism" title="Neo-romanticism">Neo-romanticism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Romantic_nationalism#Arts" title="Romantic nationalism">National romanticism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Y%C5%8Dga" title="Yōga">Yōga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nihonga" title="Nihonga">Nihonga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japonisme" title="Japonisme">Japonisme</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Japanese_style" title="Anglo-Japanese style">Anglo-Japanese style</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beuron_school" title="Beuron school">Beuron school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hague_school" class="mw-redirect" title="Hague school">Hague school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peredvizhniki" title="Peredvizhniki">Peredvizhniki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impressionism" title="Impressionism">Impressionism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Impressionism" title="American Impressionism">American</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hoosier_Group" title="Hoosier Group">Hoosier Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boston_school_(painting)" title="Boston school (painting)">Boston school</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amsterdam_Impressionism" title="Amsterdam Impressionism">Amsterdam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Impressionism" title="Canadian Impressionism">Canadian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heidelberg_school" class="mw-redirect" title="Heidelberg school">Heidelberg school</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aestheticism" title="Aestheticism">Aestheticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arts_and_Crafts_movement" title="Arts and Crafts movement">Arts and Crafts</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Art_pottery" title="Art pottery">Art pottery</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tonalism" title="Tonalism">Tonalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decadent_movement" title="Decadent movement">Decadent movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symbolism_(movement)" title="Symbolism (movement)">Symbolism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Symbolist_movement_in_Romania" title="Symbolist movement in Romania">Romanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_symbolism#Visual_arts" title="Russian symbolism">Russian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volcano_school" title="Volcano school">Volcano school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Incoherents" title="Incoherents">Incoherents</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-Impressionism" title="Post-Impressionism">Post-Impressionism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Impressionism" title="Neo-Impressionism">Neo-Impressionism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Luminism_(Impressionism)" title="Luminism (Impressionism)">Luminism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Divisionism" title="Divisionism">Divisionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pointillism" title="Pointillism">Pointillism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pont-Aven_School" title="Pont-Aven School">Pont-Aven School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cloisonnism" title="Cloisonnism">Cloisonnism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synthetism" title="Synthetism">Synthetism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Les_Nabis" class="mw-redirect" title="Les Nabis">Les Nabis</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Barbizon_school" class="mw-redirect" title="American Barbizon school">American Barbizon school</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/California_tonalism" class="mw-redirect" title="California tonalism">California tonalism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Costumbrismo#Visual_costumbrismo_in_the_Americas" title="Costumbrismo">Costumbrismo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EAE0C8;width:1%">1900–1914</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Art_Nouveau" title="Art Nouveau">Art Nouveau</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Art_Nouveau_in_Milan" title="Art Nouveau in Milan">Art Nouveau in Milan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Primitivism" title="Primitivism">Primitivism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/California_Impressionism" title="California Impressionism">California Impressionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secession_(art)" title="Secession (art)">Secessionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/School_of_Paris" title="School of Paris">School of Paris</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Munich_Secession" title="Munich Secession">Munich Secession</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vienna_Secession" title="Vienna Secession">Vienna Secession</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berlin_Secession" title="Berlin Secession">Berlin Secession</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonderbund_westdeutscher_Kunstfreunde_und_K%C3%BCnstler" title="Sonderbund westdeutscher Kunstfreunde und Künstler">Sonderbund</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_Impressionism" title="Pennsylvania Impressionism">Pennsylvania Impressionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mir_iskusstva" title="Mir iskusstva">Mir iskusstva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ten_American_Painters" title="Ten American Painters">Ten American Painters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauvism" title="Fauvism">Fauvism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Expressionism" title="Expressionism">Expressionism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Die_Br%C3%BCcke" title="Die Brücke">Die Brücke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Der_Blaue_Reiter" title="Der Blaue Reiter">Der Blaue Reiter</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noucentisme" title="Noucentisme">Noucentisme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deutscher_Werkbund" title="Deutscher Werkbund">Deutscher Werkbund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Realism" class="mw-redirect" title="American Realism">American Realism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ashcan_school" class="mw-redirect" title="Ashcan school">Ashcan school</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cubism" title="Cubism">Cubism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Proto-Cubism" title="Proto-Cubism">Proto-Cubism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orphism_(art)" title="Orphism (art)">Orphism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Eight_(painters)" title="The Eight (painters)">A Nyolcak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neue_K%C3%BCnstlervereinigung_M%C3%BCnchen" title="Neue Künstlervereinigung München">Neue Künstlervereinigung München</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Futurism" title="Futurism">Futurism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cubo-Futurism" title="Cubo-Futurism">Cubo-Futurism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_Deco" title="Art Deco">Art Deco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metaphysical_painting" title="Metaphysical painting">Metaphysical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rayonism" title="Rayonism">Rayonism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Productivism_(art)" title="Productivism (art)">Productivism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synchromism" title="Synchromism">Synchromism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vorticism" title="Vorticism">Vorticism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EAE0C8;width:1%">1915–1944</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sosaku-hanga" class="mw-redirect" title="Sosaku-hanga">Sosaku-hanga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suprematism" title="Suprematism">Suprematism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/School_of_Paris" title="School of Paris">School of Paris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crystal_Cubism" title="Crystal Cubism">Crystal Cubism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constructivism_(art)" title="Constructivism (art)">Constructivism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Latin_American_art#Constructivist_movement" title="Latin American art">Latin American</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Constructivism" title="Universal Constructivism">Universal Constructivism</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dada" title="Dada">Dada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shin-hanga" title="Shin-hanga">Shin-hanga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neoplasticism" title="Neoplasticism">Neoplasticism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/De_Stijl" title="De Stijl">De Stijl</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purism" title="Purism">Purism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Return_to_order" title="Return to order">Return to order</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Novecento_Italiano" title="Novecento Italiano">Novecento Italiano</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Figurative_Constructivism" title="Figurative Constructivism">Figurative Constructivism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stupid_(art_movement)" title="Stupid (art movement)">Stupid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cologne_Progressives" title="Cologne Progressives">Cologne Progressives</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arbeitsrat_f%C3%BCr_Kunst" title="Arbeitsrat für Kunst">Arbeitsrat für Kunst</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/November_Group_(German)" title="November Group (German)">November Group</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_tonalism" title="Australian tonalism">Australian tonalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dresden_Secession" title="Dresden Secession">Dresden Secession</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_realism" title="Social realism">Social realism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Functionalism_(architecture)" title="Functionalism (architecture)">Functionalism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bauhaus" title="Bauhaus">Bauhaus</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kinetic_art" title="Kinetic art">Kinetic art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manifesto_Antrop%C3%B3fago" title="Manifesto Antropófago">Anthropophagy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mingei" title="Mingei">Mingei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Group_of_Seven_(artists)" title="Group of Seven (artists)">Group of Seven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Objectivity" title="New Objectivity">New Objectivity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grosvenor_School_of_Modern_Art" title="Grosvenor School of Modern Art">Grosvenor school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neues_Sehen" title="Neues Sehen">Neues Sehen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surrealism" title="Surrealism">Surrealism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_modern_and_contemporary_art#Surrealism_in_Iran" title="Iranian modern and contemporary art">Iranian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_American_art#Surrealism" title="Latin American art">Latin American</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexican_muralism" title="Mexican muralism">Mexican muralism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Fauvism" title="Neo-Fauvism">Neo-Fauvism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Precisionism" title="Precisionism">Precisionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aeropittura" title="Aeropittura">Aeropittura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Association_of_Revolutionary_Visual_Artists" title="Association of Revolutionary Visual Artists">Asso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scuola_Romana" title="Scuola Romana">Scuola Romana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cercle_et_Carr%C3%A9" title="Cercle et Carré">Cercle et Carré</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Group_(New_Zealand_art)" title="The Group (New Zealand art)">The Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harlem_Renaissance" title="Harlem Renaissance">Harlem Renaissance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kapists" title="Kapists">Kapists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regionalism_(art)" title="Regionalism (art)">Regionalism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/California_Scene_Painting" title="California Scene Painting">California Scene Painting</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heroic_realism" title="Heroic realism">Heroic realism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_realism" title="Socialist realism">Socialist realism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_in_Nazi_Germany" title="Art in Nazi Germany">Nazi art</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Streamline_Moderne" title="Streamline Moderne">Streamline Moderne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concrete_art" title="Concrete art">Concrete art</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abstraction-Cr%C3%A9ation" title="Abstraction-Création">Abstraction-Création</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiki_culture" title="Tiki culture">Tiki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Ten_(Expressionists)" title="The Ten (Expressionists)">The Ten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_dimension_in_art#Dimensionist_manifesto" title="Fourth dimension in art">Dimensionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boston_Expressionism" title="Boston Expressionism">Boston Expressionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leningrad_School_of_Painting" title="Leningrad School of Painting">Leningrad school</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#EAE0C8;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Contemporary_art" title="Contemporary art">Contemporary</a> and <a href="/wiki/Postmodern_art" title="Postmodern art">Postmodern</a> (1945–present)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EAE0C8;width:1%">1945–1959</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Typographic_Style" title="International Typographic Style">International Typographic Style</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abstract_expressionism" title="Abstract expressionism">Abstract expressionism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Washington_Color_School" title="Washington Color School">Washington Color School</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visionary_art" title="Visionary art">Visionary art</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vienna_School_of_Fantastic_Realism" title="Vienna School of Fantastic Realism">Vienna School of Fantastic Realism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spatialism" title="Spatialism">Spatialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Color_field" title="Color field">Color field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyrical_abstraction" title="Lyrical abstraction">Lyrical abstraction</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tachisme" title="Tachisme">Tachisme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arte_Informale" title="Arte Informale">Arte Informale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COBRA_(art_movement)" title="COBRA (art movement)">COBRA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuagisme" title="Nuagisme">Nuagisme</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Generaci%C3%B3n_de_la_Ruptura" title="Generación de la Ruptura">Generación de la Ruptura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jikken_K%C5%8Db%C5%8D" title="Jikken Kōbō">Jikken Kōbō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metcalf_Chateau" title="Metcalf Chateau">Metcalf Chateau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mono-ha" title="Mono-ha">Mono-ha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanyang_Style" title="Nanyang Style">Nanyang Style</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Action_painting" title="Action painting">Action painting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Figurative_Expressionism" title="American Figurative Expressionism">American Figurative Expressionism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_York_Figurative_Expressionism" title="New York Figurative Expressionism">in New York</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_media_art" title="New media art">New media art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_School_(art)#Visual_arts" title="New York School (art)">New York school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hard-edge_painting" title="Hard-edge painting">Hard-edge painting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bay_Area_Figurative_Movement" title="Bay Area Figurative Movement">Bay Area Figurative Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Les_Plasticiens" title="Les Plasticiens">Les Plasticiens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gutai_Art_Association" title="Gutai Art Association">Gutai Art Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gendai_Bijutsu_Kondankai" title="Gendai Bijutsu Kondankai">Gendai Bijutsu Kondankai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pop_art" title="Pop art">Pop art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Situationist_International" title="Situationist International">Situationist International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Nonconformist_Art" class="mw-redirect" title="Soviet Nonconformist Art">Soviet Nonconformist</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_underground" title="Ukrainian underground">Ukrainian underground</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lettrism" title="Lettrism">Lettrism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Letterist_International" title="Letterist International">Letterist International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultra-Lettrist" title="Ultra-Lettrist">Ultra-Lettrist</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florida_Highwaymen" class="mw-redirect" title="Florida Highwaymen">Florida Highwaymen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cybernetic_art" title="Cybernetic art">Cybernetic art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antipodeans" title="Antipodeans">Antipodeans</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EAE0C8;width:1%">1960–1969</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Otra_Figuraci%C3%B3n" title="Otra Figuración">Otra Figuración</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afrofuturism" title="Afrofuturism">Afrofuturism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nueva_Presencia" title="Nueva Presencia">Nueva Presencia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zero_(art)" title="Zero (art)">ZERO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Happening" title="Happening">Happening</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Dada" title="Neo-Dada">Neo-Dada</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Dada_Organizers" title="Neo-Dada Organizers">Neo-Dada Organizers</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Op_art" title="Op art">Op art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nouveau_r%C3%A9alisme" title="Nouveau réalisme">Nouveau réalisme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nouvelle_tendance" title="Nouvelle tendance">Nouvelle tendance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capitalist_realism" title="Capitalist realism">Capitalist realism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_%26_Language" title="Art & Language">Art & Language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arte_Povera" title="Arte Povera">Arte Povera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Arts_Movement" title="Black Arts Movement">Black Arts Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Caribbean_Artists_Movement" title="The Caribbean Artists Movement">The Caribbean Artists Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicano_art_movement" title="Chicano art movement">Chicano art movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conceptual_art" title="Conceptual art">Conceptual art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_art" title="Land art">Land art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Systems_art" title="Systems art">Systems art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Video_art" title="Video art">Video art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minimalism_(visual_arts)" title="Minimalism (visual arts)">Minimalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fluxus" title="Fluxus">Fluxus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Generative_art" title="Generative art">Generative art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-painterly_abstraction" title="Post-painterly abstraction">Post-painterly abstraction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intermedia" title="Intermedia">Intermedia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychedelic_art" title="Psychedelic art">Psychedelic art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nut_Art" title="Nut Art">Nut Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photorealism" title="Photorealism">Photorealism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_art" title="Environmental art">Environmental art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Performance_art" title="Performance art">Performance art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Process_art" title="Process art">Process art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institutional_critique" title="Institutional critique">Institutional critique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Light_and_Space" title="Light and Space">Light and Space</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Street_art" title="Street art">Street art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_art_movement" title="Feminist art movement">Feminist art movement</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_art_movement_in_the_United_States" title="Feminist art movement in the United States">in the US</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_modern_and_contemporary_art#Saqqakhaneh_movement" title="Iranian modern and contemporary art">Saqqakhaneh movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Stars_Art_Group" title="The Stars Art Group">The Stars Art Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tropic%C3%A1lia" title="Tropicália">Tropicália</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoru_no_Kai" title="Yoru no Kai">Yoru no Kai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artificial_intelligence_art" title="Artificial intelligence art">Artificial intelligence art</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EAE0C8;width:1%">1970–1999</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Post-conceptual_art" title="Post-conceptual art">Post-conceptual art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Installation_art" title="Installation art">Installation art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artscene" class="mw-redirect" title="Artscene">Artscene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postminimalism" title="Postminimalism">Postminimalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Endurance_art" title="Endurance art">Endurance art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sots_Art" title="Sots Art">Sots Art</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Moscow_Conceptualists" title="Moscow Conceptualists">Moscow Conceptualists</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pattern_and_Decoration" title="Pattern and Decoration">Pattern and Decoration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pliontanism" title="Pliontanism">Pliontanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punk_visual_art" title="Punk visual art">Punk art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-expressionism" title="Neo-expressionism">Neo-expressionism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Transavantgarde" title="Transavantgarde">Transavantgarde</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haitian_art#Saint_Soleil_School" title="Haitian art">Saint Soleil school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guerrilla_art" title="Guerrilla art">Guerrilla art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lowbrow_(art_movement)" title="Lowbrow (art movement)">Lowbrow art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telematic_art" title="Telematic art">Telematic art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Appropriation_(art)" title="Appropriation (art)">Appropriation art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-conceptual_art" title="Neo-conceptual art">Neo-conceptual art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_European_Painting" title="New European Painting">New European Painting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunisian_collaborative_painting" title="Tunisian collaborative painting">Tunisian collaborative painting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Memphis_Group" title="Memphis Group">Memphis Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyberdelic" title="Cyberdelic">Cyberdelic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neue_Slowenische_Kunst" title="Neue Slowenische Kunst">Neue Slowenische Kunst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scratch_video" title="Scratch video">Scratch video</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transgressive_art" title="Transgressive art">Transgressive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Retrofuturism" title="Retrofuturism">Retrofuturism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Young_British_Artists" title="Young British Artists">Young British Artists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superfiction" title="Superfiction">Superfiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taring_Padi" title="Taring Padi">Taring Padi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superflat" title="Superflat">Superflat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Leipzig_School" title="New Leipzig School">New Leipzig school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artist-run_initiative" class="mw-redirect" title="Artist-run initiative">Artist-run initiative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artivism" title="Artivism">Artivism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Designers_Republic" title="The Designers Republic">The Designers Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grunge#Graphic_design" title="Grunge">Grunge design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verdadism" title="Verdadism">Verdadism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Apartment_Art" title="Chinese Apartment Art">Chinese Apartment Art</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EAE0C8;width:1%">2000– present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amazonian_pop_art" title="Amazonian pop art">Amazonian pop art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Altermodern" title="Altermodern">Altermodern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_for_art" title="Art for art">Art for art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_game" title="Art game">Art game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_intervention" title="Art intervention">Art intervention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brandalism" title="Brandalism">Brandalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classical_Realism" title="Classical Realism">Classical Realism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contemporary_African_art" title="Contemporary African art">Contemporary African art</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Africanfuturism" title="Africanfuturism">Africanfuturism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contemporary_Indigenous_Australian_art" title="Contemporary Indigenous Australian art">Contemporary Indigenous Australian art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-fungible_token#Digital_art" title="Non-fungible token">Crypto art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyborg_art" title="Cyborg art">Cyborg art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Excessivism" title="Excessivism">Excessivism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fictive_art" title="Fictive art">Fictive art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flat_design" title="Flat design">Flat design</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Corporate_Memphis" title="Corporate Memphis">Corporate Memphis</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypermodernism_(art)" title="Hypermodernism (art)">Hypermodernism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyperrealism_(visual_arts)" title="Hyperrealism (visual arts)">Hyperrealism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idea_art" title="Idea art">Idea art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_art" title="Internet art">Internet art</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Post-Internet" title="Post-Internet">Post-Internet</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPhone_art" title="IPhone art">iPhone art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kitsch_movement" title="Kitsch movement">Kitsch movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lightpainting" title="Lightpainting">Lightpainting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massurrealism" title="Massurrealism">Massurrealism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_European_ink_painting" title="Modern European ink painting">Modern European ink painting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-futurism" title="Neo-futurism">Neo-futurism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neomodern#Artist_group" title="Neomodern">Neomodern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neosymbolism" title="Neosymbolism">Neosymbolism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passionism" title="Passionism">Passionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-YBAs" title="Post-YBAs">Post-YBAs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Relational_art" title="Relational art">Relational art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skeuomorph#In_design" title="Skeuomorph">Skeuomorphism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Software_art" title="Software art">Software art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sound_art" title="Sound art">Sound art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stuckism" title="Stuckism">Stuckism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superflat" title="Superflat">Superflat</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SoFlo_Superflat" title="SoFlo Superflat">SoFlo Superflat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superstroke" title="Superstroke">Superstroke</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toyism" title="Toyism">Toyism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unilalianism" title="Unilalianism">Unilalianism</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Vaporwave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walking_Artists_Network" title="Walking Artists Network">Walking Artists Network</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#EAE0C8;;width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_art" title="History of art">History of art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abstract_art" title="Abstract art">Abstract art</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asemic_writing" title="Asemic writing">Asemic writing</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-art" title="Anti-art">Anti-art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avant-garde" title="Avant-garde">Avant-garde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ballets_Russes" title="Ballets Russes">Ballets Russes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_art" title="Christian art">Christian art</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Art_in_the_Protestant_Reformation_and_Counter-Reformation" title="Art in the Protestant Reformation and Counter-Reformation">Art in the Protestant Reformation and Counter-Reformation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_art" title="Catholic art">Catholic art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Icon" title="Icon">Icon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lutheran_art" title="Lutheran art">Lutheran art</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_art" title="Digital art">Digital art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fantastic_art" title="Fantastic art">Fantastic art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folk_art" title="Folk art">Folk art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hierarchy_of_genres" title="Hierarchy of genres">Hierarchy of genres</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Genre_painting" title="Genre painting">Genre painting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_painting" title="History painting">History painting</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illuminated_manuscript" title="Illuminated manuscript">Illuminated manuscript</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illustration" title="Illustration">Illustration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interactive_art" title="Interactive art">Interactive art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_art" title="Jewish art">Jewish art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kitsch" title="Kitsch">Kitsch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Landscape_painting" title="Landscape painting">Landscape painting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modernism" title="Modernism">Modernism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Modern_sculpture" title="Modern sculpture">Modern sculpture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Late_modernism" title="Late modernism">Late modernism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Na%C3%AFve_art" title="Naïve art">Naïve art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outsider_art" title="Outsider art">Outsider art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portrait" title="Portrait">Portrait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_art#Europe" title="Prehistoric art">Prehistoric European art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queer_art" title="Queer art">Queer art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Realism_(arts)" title="Realism (arts)">Realism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shock_art" title="Shock art">Shock art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trompe-l%27%C5%93il" title="Trompe-l'œil">Trompe-l'œil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_painting" title="Western painting">Western painting</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:#EAE0C8;"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" 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4.94% 75.737 1 Template:Short_description"," 4.02% 61.669 13 Template:Cite_news"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.967","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":21034945,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"anchor_id_list = table#1 {\n [\"CITEREFAdams2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAlemoru2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAmarca2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAmarca2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFArcand2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAux\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBeauchamp2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBeauchamp2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBeks\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBeran2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBlevins2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBornHaworth2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBowe,_Miles2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBowe2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBowe2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBreland\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBritton2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBroomfield2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBullockKerry2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBulut2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCarless\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFChandler2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFChandler2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFColeman2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFColeman2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFColton2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDonahoo2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEditorial2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEnis\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFarrell2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFrankel2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFriedlanderMcDermott\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFriedman\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGahil2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGalil2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGlitsos2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGokhman2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGooding2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGreene2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHanPeters2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHann2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHarper,_Adam2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHarper,_Adam2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHarper2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHarper2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHatfield2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHermanssonLawrenceMulhallMurdoch2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJurgens2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKilby,_Dylan2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKupfer2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLange2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLhooq,_Michelle2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLozano2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMacnair2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMarcus2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMarkowitz2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMinor2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFParizot2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPearson2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPengelly2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPrice2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFReynolds2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFReynoldsFinauro2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSchilling2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSeraydarian2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSherburne2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSommer2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSommet2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSt._Michel2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStehlik2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStevensO\u0026#039;Donnell2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStevenson2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTanner2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTrainer2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFUgwu2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFVarkianiOttenOttenSegers2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFVictoria2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFVoice2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWang2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWard,_Christian2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWetmore2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWinkle2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFYassin2015\"] = 1,\n [\"Fashwave\"] = 1,\n [\"Slushwave\"] = 1,\n [\"Subgenres\"] = 1,\n}\ntemplate_list = table#1 {\n [\"'\"] = 3,\n [\"'s\"] = 2,\n [\"Anchor\"] = 3,\n [\"Authority control\"] = 1,\n [\"Blockquote\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite book\"] = 11,\n [\"Cite journal\"] = 2,\n [\"Cite magazine\"] = 6,\n [\"Cite news\"] = 13,\n [\"Cite web\"] = 67,\n [\"Clear\"] = 1,\n [\"Columns-list\"] = 1,\n [\"Distinguish\"] = 1,\n [\"Electronica\"] = 1,\n [\"Good article\"] = 1,\n [\"Harvnb\"] = 4,\n [\"Hauntology\"] = 1,\n [\"Infobox music genre\"] = 1,\n [\"Listen\"] = 1,\n [\"Main\"] = 2,\n [\"Nbsp\"] = 15,\n [\"Nihongo\"] = 1,\n [\"Nihongo3\"] = 1,\n [\"Nowrap\"] = 3,\n [\"Portal\"] = 1,\n [\"Pp\"] = 1,\n [\"Quote box\"] = 1,\n [\"Reflist\"] = 2,\n [\"Refn\"] = 8,\n [\"Section link\"] = 1,\n [\"See also\"] = 1,\n [\"Sfn\"] = 33,\n [\"Short description\"] = 1,\n [\"Sister project links\"] = 1,\n [\"Use American English\"] = 1,\n [\"Use mdy dates\"] = 1,\n [\"Vaporwave\"] = 1,\n [\"Western art movements\"] = 1,\n [\"YouTube\"] = 1,\n}\narticle_whitelist = table#1 {\n}\nciteref_patterns = table#1 {\n}\n"},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-6d7df8c9dd-pd9h7","timestamp":"20250401110629","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Vaporwave","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vaporwave#Fashwave","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q15733887","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q15733887","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2014-02-08T19:30:56Z","dateModified":"2025-04-01T11:05:25Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/3\/31\/Wikiwave_00000.png","headline":"online musical genre 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