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the BSA industrial group subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History_of_the_BSA_industrial_group-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Machine-made_guns" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Machine-made_guns"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Machine-made guns</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Machine-made_guns-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Erratic_demand" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Erratic_demand"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.1</span> <span>Erratic demand</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Erratic_demand-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-New_ventures" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#New_ventures"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>New ventures</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-New_ventures-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Bicycles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bicycles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.1</span> <span>Bicycles</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bicycles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bicycle_components" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bicycle_components"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.2</span> <span>Bicycle components</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bicycle_components-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ammunition" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ammunition"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.3</span> <span>Ammunition</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ammunition-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sparkbrook_Royal_Small_Arms_Factory" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sparkbrook_Royal_Small_Arms_Factory"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.4</span> <span>Sparkbrook Royal Small Arms Factory</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sparkbrook_Royal_Small_Arms_Factory-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sporting_firearms" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sporting_firearms"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.5</span> <span>Sporting firearms</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sporting_firearms-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Motorcycles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Motorcycles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.6</span> <span>Motorcycles</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Motorcycles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-BSA_cars" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#BSA_cars"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.6.1</span> <span>BSA cars</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-BSA_cars-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Daimler_cars_and_trucks" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Daimler_cars_and_trucks"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.6.2</span> <span>Daimler cars and trucks</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Daimler_cars_and_trucks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Steel_bodies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Steel_bodies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.6.3</span> <span>Steel bodies</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Steel_bodies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lewis_Automatic_Machine_Gun" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lewis_Automatic_Machine_Gun"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.7</span> <span>Lewis Automatic Machine Gun</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lewis_Automatic_Machine_Gun-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-First_World_War" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#First_World_War"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>First World War</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-First_World_War-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-New_ventures_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#New_ventures_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>New ventures</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-New_ventures_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Motorcycles_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Motorcycles_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4.1</span> <span>Motorcycles</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Motorcycles_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Aviation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aviation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4.2</span> <span>Aviation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Aviation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lanchester" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lanchester"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4.3</span> <span>Lanchester</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lanchester-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Armaments" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Armaments"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4.4</span> <span>Armaments</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Armaments-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Second_World_War" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Second_World_War"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Second World War</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Second_World_War-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Post-war" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Post-war"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span> <span>Post-war</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Post-war-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-BSA_cycles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#BSA_cycles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6.1</span> <span>BSA cycles</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-BSA_cycles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Management" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Management"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6.2</span> <span>Management</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Management-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dispersals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dispersals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Dispersals</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dispersals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Products" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Products"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Products</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Products-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Products subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Products-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Bicycles_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bicycles_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Bicycles</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bicycles_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Motorcycles_3" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Motorcycles_3"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Motorcycles</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Motorcycles_3-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Civilian_firearms" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Civilian_firearms"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Civilian firearms</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Civilian_firearms-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Trademarks" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Trademarks"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Trademarks</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Trademarks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_popular_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_popular_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>In popular culture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_popular_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> 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<div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Birmingham Small Arms Company</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 17 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-17" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">17 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%83%D8%A9_%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%85%D9%86%D8%BA%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%85_%D9%84%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D8%BA%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A9" title="شركة برمنغهام للأسلحة الصغيرة – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="شركة برمنغهام للأسلحة الصغيرة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birmingham_Small_Arms_Company" title="Birmingham Small Arms Company – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Birmingham Small Arms Company" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birmingham_Small_Arms_Company" title="Birmingham Small Arms Company – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Birmingham Small Arms Company" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birmingham_Small_Arms_Company" title="Birmingham Small Arms Company – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Birmingham Small Arms Company" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84_%D8%A2%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%B2" title="برمینگام اسمال آرمز – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="برمینگام اسمال آرمز" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birmingham_Small_Arms_Company" title="Birmingham Small Arms Company – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Birmingham Small Arms Company" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birmingham_Small_Arms_Company" title="Birmingham Small Arms Company – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Birmingham Small Arms Company" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/BSA_(%D7%97%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%94)" title="BSA (חברה) – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="BSA (חברה)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/BSA-groep" title="BSA-groep – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="BSA-groep" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%90%E3%83%BC%E3%83%9F%E3%83%B3%E3%82%AC%E3%83%A0%E3%83%BB%E3%82%B9%E3%83%A2%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AB%E3%83%BB%E3%82%A2%E3%83%BC%E3%83%A0%E3%82%BA" title="バーミンガム・スモール・アームズ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="バーミンガム・スモール・アームズ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birmingham_Small_Arms_Company" title="Birmingham Small Arms Company – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Birmingham Small Arms Company" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birmingham_Small_Arms_Company" title="Birmingham Small Arms Company – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Birmingham Small Arms Company" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birmingham_Small_Arms_Company" title="Birmingham Small Arms Company – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Birmingham Small Arms Company" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birmingham_Small_Arms_Company" title="Birmingham Small Arms Company – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Birmingham Small Arms Company" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birmingham_Small_Arms_Company" title="Birmingham Small Arms Company – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Birmingham Small Arms Company" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birmingham_Small_Arms" title="Birmingham Small Arms – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Birmingham Small Arms" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birmingham_Small_Arms_Company" title="Birmingham Small Arms Company – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Birmingham Small Arms Company" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q686178#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Birmingham_Small_Arms_Company" title="View the content 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.hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the 1861–1973 UK manufacturer. For the motorcycle manufacturer with legitimate rights to use the BSA name after 1978, see <a href="/wiki/BSA_Company" title="BSA Company">BSA Company</a>. For the Canadian arms manufacturer during World War II, see <a href="/wiki/Lakeview,_Mississauga#Small_Arms_Limited,_Long_Branch_Arsenal" title="Lakeview, Mississauga">Lakeview, Mississauga § Small Arms Limited, Long Branch Arsenal</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1242257876">.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-label{padding-right:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-below{line-height:1.35em}.mw-parser-output .ib-company-logo img{background-color:#f8f9fa}.mw-parser-output .ib-company-locality,.mw-parser-output .ib-company-country{display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-company vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">The Birmingham Small Arms Company Limited</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image ib-company-logo logo"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:BSA_piled_rifles.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/BSA_piled_rifles.png/130px-BSA_piled_rifles.png" decoding="async" width="130" height="232" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/BSA_piled_rifles.png/195px-BSA_piled_rifles.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/BSA_piled_rifles.png/260px-BSA_piled_rifles.png 2x" data-file-width="350" data-file-height="625" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Company type</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Public_limited_company" title="Public limited company">Listed company</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Industry</th><td class="infobox-data category">Manufacture of motorcycles<br /><a href="/wiki/Arms_industry" title="Arms industry">arms industry</a><br />machinery industry and plant construction<br />manufacture of metal forming machinery<br />manufacture of weapons and ammunition<br />vehicle construction <span class="penicon autoconfirmed-show"><span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q686178?uselang=en#P452" title="Edit this on Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Gun_Quarter" title="Gun Quarter">Gun Quarter</a>, <a href="/wiki/Birmingham" title="Birmingham">Birmingham</a>, England, 1861</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founder</th><td class="infobox-data agent">Thomas Turner</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Defunct</th><td class="infobox-data">1973</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Fate</th><td class="infobox-data">Remainder acquired 1973 by <a href="/wiki/Manganese_Bronze_Holdings" title="Manganese Bronze Holdings">Manganese Bronze Holdings</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="ib-company-locality locality">Birmingham</div>, <div class="ib-company-country country-name"><a href="/wiki/UK" class="mw-redirect" title="UK">UK</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Key people</div></th><td class="infobox-data agent"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li>J. D. Goodman (Chairman 1863–1900)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hallewell_Rogers" title="Hallewell Rogers">Sir Hallewell Rogers</a> (Chairman 1906–28)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dudley_Docker" title="Dudley Docker">Dudley Docker</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bernard_Docker" title="Bernard Docker">Sir Bernard Docker</a> (Chairman 1940–56)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Sangster" title="Jack Sangster">Jack Sangster</a> (Chairman 1956–61)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Products</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Firearm" title="Firearm">firearms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ammunition" title="Ammunition">ammunition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bicycle" title="Bicycle">bicycles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motorcycle" title="Motorcycle">motorcycles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vehicle" title="Vehicle">vehicles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military" title="Military">military</a> equipment</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Subsidiary" title="Subsidiary">Subsidiaries</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div> </div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><b>Firearms</b><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>BSA Guns</li></ul></div> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><b>Cycles and motorcycles</b><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>BSA Cycles</li><li>BSA Motor Cycles</li><li>New Hudson</li><li>Sunbeam Cycles</li><li>Ariel Motors</li><li>Triumph Engineering</li></ul></div> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><b>Motorcars, buses and bodies</b><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Daimler_Company" title="Daimler Company">The Daimler Company</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Lanchester_Motor_Company" title="Lanchester Motor Company">The Lanchester Motor Company</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Daimler_Company#Daimler_buses_1911–1973" title="Daimler Company">Transport Vehicles (Daimler)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/BSA_cars" title="BSA cars">BSA cars</a></li></ul></div> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><b>Iron castings</b><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>Cardiff Foundry and Engineering</li></ul></div> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><b>Machine and small tools</b><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Churchill_Machine_Tool_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="Churchill Machine Tool Company">BSA Tools</a></li><li>Burton Griffiths & Co</li><li>BG Machinery</li></ul></div> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><b>Fine steels</b><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jessop_Saville_%26_Company" title="Jessop Saville & Company">William Jessop & Sons, JJ Saville & Co</a></li><li>Bromley Fisher & Turton</li></ul></div> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><b>Coal cleaning and sintering plant</b><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>The Birtley Co</li></ul></div> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><b>Hard chrome process</b><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>Monochrome</li></ul></div> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><b>Sintered metals</b><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>Metal & Plastic Compacts</li></ul></div> </li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below"><b>Footnotes / references</b><br /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li>BSA brand Bicycles are currently manufactured and distributed in India by TI Cycles of India.</li> <li>Motorcycles bearing the brand BSA were briefly manufactured after 1979 by a business now known as <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bsa-regal.co.uk/">BSA Regal</a></li> <li>BSA brand air rifles are manufactured in Birmingham by a subsidiary of Spanish manufacturer <a href="/wiki/Gamo_(airgun_manufacturer)" title="Gamo (airgun manufacturer)">Gamo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:BSA_1930.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/BSA_1930.jpg/220px-BSA_1930.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/BSA_1930.jpg/330px-BSA_1930.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/BSA_1930.jpg/440px-BSA_1930.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2702" data-file-height="1908" /></a><figcaption>Share of the Birmingham Small Arms Company Ltd., issued 18 July 1930</figcaption></figure> <p><b>The Birmingham Small Arms Company Limited</b> (<b>BSA</b>) was a major British industrial combine, a group of businesses manufacturing military and sporting firearms; bicycles; motorcycles; cars; buses and bodies; steel; iron castings; <a href="/wiki/Hand_tool" title="Hand tool">hand</a>, <a href="/wiki/Power_tool" title="Power tool">power</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Machine_tool" title="Machine tool">machine</a> tools; coal cleaning and handling plants; <a href="/wiki/Sintered" class="mw-redirect" title="Sintered">sintered</a> metals; and hard chrome process. </p><p>After the Second World War, BSA did not manage its business well, and a government-organised rescue operation in 1973 led to a takeover of such operations as it still owned. Those few that survived this process disappeared into the ownership of other businesses. </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886046785">.mw-parser-output .toclimit-2 .toclevel-1 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-3 .toclevel-2 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-4 .toclevel-3 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-5 .toclevel-4 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-6 .toclevel-5 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-7 .toclevel-6 ul{display:none}</style><div class="toclimit-3"><meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History_of_the_BSA_industrial_group">History of the BSA industrial group</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Birmingham_Small_Arms_Company&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History of the BSA industrial group"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Machine-made_guns">Machine-made guns</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Birmingham_Small_Arms_Company&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Machine-made guns"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>BSA began in June 1861 in the <a href="/wiki/Gun_Quarter" title="Gun Quarter">Gun Quarter</a>, <a href="/wiki/Birmingham" title="Birmingham">Birmingham</a>, England. It was formed by a group of fourteen gunsmith members of the Birmingham Small Arms Trade Association specifically to manufacture guns by machinery. They were encouraged to do this by the <a href="/wiki/War_Office" title="War Office">War Office</a> which gave the BSA gunsmiths free access to technical drawings and to the War Office's <a href="/wiki/Board_of_Ordnance" title="Board of Ordnance">Board of Ordnance</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Royal_Small_Arms_Factory" title="Royal Small Arms Factory">Royal Small Arms Factory</a> at <a href="/wiki/Enfield_Town" class="mw-redirect" title="Enfield Town">Enfield</a>. New machinery developed in the USA installed at Enfield had greatly increased its output without needing more skilled craftsmen.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This new machinery brought to Birmingham the principle of the <a href="/wiki/Interchangeable_parts" title="Interchangeable parts">interchangeability of parts</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mass_production" title="Mass production">mass production</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-WBSVCH_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WBSVCH-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gev%C3%A4r_-_Livrustkammaren_-_96933.tif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Gev%C3%A4r_-_Livrustkammaren_-_96933.tif/lossy-page1-220px-Gev%C3%A4r_-_Livrustkammaren_-_96933.tif.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="74" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Gev%C3%A4r_-_Livrustkammaren_-_96933.tif/lossy-page1-330px-Gev%C3%A4r_-_Livrustkammaren_-_96933.tif.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Gev%C3%A4r_-_Livrustkammaren_-_96933.tif/lossy-page1-440px-Gev%C3%A4r_-_Livrustkammaren_-_96933.tif.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5511" data-file-height="1849" /></a><figcaption>BSA rifle dated between 1860 and 1870</figcaption></figure> <p>BSA bought 25 acres (10 ha) of land at <a href="/wiki/Small_Heath,_Birmingham" class="mw-redirect" title="Small Heath, Birmingham">Small Heath, Birmingham</a>, built a factory there and made a road on the site calling it Armoury Road.<sup id="cite_ref-Ward_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ward-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Their enterprise was rewarded in 1863 with an order for 20,000 Turkish infantry rifles.<sup id="cite_ref-Ward_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ward-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The system of management of BSA was changed in 1863 when shareholders elected a Board of Directors: Joseph Wilson, Samuel Buckley, Isaac Hollis, Charles Playfair, Charles Pryse, Birmingham mayor Sir John Ratcliffe (c.1798-1864), Edward Gem, and J.F. Swinburn under the chairmanship of <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Dent_Goodman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Dent Goodman (page does not exist)">John Dent Goodman</a> (1816–1900).<sup id="cite_ref-Ryerson_Barry_1980_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ryerson_Barry_1980-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Erratic_demand">Erratic demand</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Birmingham_Small_Arms_Company&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Erratic demand"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The first War Office contract was not agreed until 1868. In 1879, without work, the factory was shut for a year.<sup id="cite_ref-Davenport-Hines,_R._P._T._2002_p._48_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Davenport-Hines,_R._P._T._2002_p._48-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="New_ventures">New ventures</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Birmingham_Small_Arms_Company&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: New ventures"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Bicycles">Bicycles</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Birmingham_Small_Arms_Company&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Bicycles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The next year, 1880, BSA branched out into bicycle manufacture.<sup id="cite_ref-Davenport-Hines,_R._P._T._2002_p._48_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Davenport-Hines,_R._P._T._2002_p._48-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The gun factory proved remarkably adaptable to the manufacture of cycle parts. What cycles needed was large quantities of standard parts accurately machined at low prices.<sup id="cite_ref-WBSVCH_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WBSVCH-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1880, BSA manufactured the <a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Otto_Dicycle.jpg">Otto Dicycle</a>. In the 1880s, the company began to manufacture <a href="/wiki/Safety_bicycle" title="Safety bicycle">safety bicycles</a> on their own account and not until 1905 was the company's first experimental <a href="/wiki/Motorcycle" title="Motorcycle">motorcycle</a> constructed. Bicycle production ceased in 1887 as the company concentrated on producing the <a href="/wiki/Lee%E2%80%93Metford" title="Lee–Metford">Lee–Metford</a> magazine-loading rifle for the War Office which was re-equipping the British Army with it. The order was for 1,200 rifles per week. BSA recommenced manufacturing bicycles on their own behalf from 1908. BSA Cycles Ltd was set up in 1919 for the manufacture of both bicycles and motorcycles. BSA sold the bicycle business to <a href="/wiki/Raleigh_Bicycle_Company" title="Raleigh Bicycle Company">Raleigh</a> in 1957 after separating the bicycle and motorcycle business in 1953. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Bicycle_components">Bicycle components</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Birmingham_Small_Arms_Company&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Bicycle components"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1893, BSA commenced making bicycle hubs<sup id="cite_ref-Ryerson_Barry_1980_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ryerson_Barry_1980-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and continued to supply the cycle trade with bicycle parts up to 1936. BSA bought <a href="/wiki/Royal_Enfield#history" title="Royal Enfield">The Eadie Manufacturing Company</a> of Redditch in 1907 and so began to manufacture the Eadie two speed hub gear and the Eadie <a href="/wiki/Coaster_brake" class="mw-redirect" title="Coaster brake">coaster brake</a> hub. BSA also signed an agreement with the Three Speed Gear Syndicate in 1907 to manufacture a 3 speed hub under licence. This was later classified as the <a href="/wiki/Sturmey_Archer" class="mw-redirect" title="Sturmey Archer">Sturmey Archer</a> Type X. BSA introduced a 'Duo' hub in the late 1930s which was capable of one fixed gear and one gear with a freewheel. All BSA hub gear production temporarily ceased in 1939, until they recommenced making their 3 speed hub around 1945. The Eadie coaster hub made a brief return in 1953 on two BSA bicycle models. BSA forever ceased production of their hub gears in 1955. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Ammunition">Ammunition</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Birmingham_Small_Arms_Company&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Ammunition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>BSA sold its ammunition business in 1897 to Birmingham Metal and Munitions Company Limited part of the Nobel-Dynamite Trust, through <a href="/wiki/Kynoch" title="Kynoch">Kynoch</a> a forerunner of <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Chemical_Industries" title="Imperial Chemical Industries">ICI</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Sparkbrook_Royal_Small_Arms_Factory">Sparkbrook Royal Small Arms Factory</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Birmingham_Small_Arms_Company&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Sparkbrook Royal Small Arms Factory"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1906, <a href="/wiki/Dudley_Docker" title="Dudley Docker">Frank Dudley Docker</a> was appointed a director of the company. By the autumn of that year BSA was in some difficulty. They had purchased the <a href="/wiki/Sparkbrook" title="Sparkbrook">Sparkbrook</a> <a href="/wiki/Royal_Small_Arms_Factory" title="Royal Small Arms Factory">Royal Small Arms Factory</a> from the War Office, and in return, the War Office undertook to give BSA a quarter of all orders for Lee–Enfield rifles. But, the War Office did not honour their undertaking.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The ensuing financial crisis did not prevent BSA from signing an agreement to purchase control of bicycle component manufacturer, the Eadie Manufacturing Company of <a href="/wiki/Redditch" title="Redditch">Redditch</a>, on 11 February 1907. That decision was ratified by the shareholders of both companies at separate Extraordinary General Meetings held in the Grand Hotel, Birmingham on 27 February 1907. Albert Eadie became a BSA director, a post he held until his death in 1931.<sup id="cite_ref-Ryerson_Barry_1980_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ryerson_Barry_1980-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Sporting_firearms">Sporting firearms</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Birmingham_Small_Arms_Company&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Sporting firearms"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The very variable military market was now supported by sales of target military rifles, sporting rifles, various patterns of miniature rifles and air rifles. Aperture sights were in demand for <a href="/wiki/National_Rifle_Association_of_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="National Rifle Association of the United Kingdom">Bisley</a> and other military rifle meetings.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Motorcycles">Motorcycles</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Birmingham_Small_Arms_Company&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Motorcycles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Motor bicycles were added to bicycle products in 1910. The BSA <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1154941027">.mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}</style><span class="frac">3<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">2</span></span> hp was exhibited at the 1910 Olympia Show, London for the 1911 season. The entire BSA production sold out in 1911, 1912 and 1913.<sup id="cite_ref-Ryerson_Barry_1980_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ryerson_Barry_1980-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="BSA_cars">BSA cars</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Birmingham_Small_Arms_Company&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: BSA cars"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/BSA_cars" title="BSA cars">BSA cars</a></div> <p>In an effort to make use of the Sparkbrook factory BSA established a motorcar department there. An independent part of it was occupied by <a href="/wiki/Lanchester_Motor_Company" title="Lanchester Motor Company">Lanchester Motor Company</a>. The first prototype automobile was produced in 1907. The following year, marketed under BSA Cycles Ltd, the company sold 150 automobiles and again began producing complete bicycles on its own account. By 1909, it was clear the new motorcar department was unsuccessful; an investigation committee reported to the BSA Board on the many failures of its management and their poor organisation of production. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Daimler_cars_and_trucks">Daimler cars and trucks</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Birmingham_Small_Arms_Company&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Daimler cars and trucks"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Daimler_Company" title="Daimler Company">Daimler Company</a></div> <p>Dudley Docker had joined the board in 1906 and was appointed deputy chairman of BSA in 1909. He had made a spectacular financial success of a merger of five large rolling-stock companies in 1902 and become the leader of the period's merger movement. Believing he could buy the missing management skills that could not be found within BSA, he started merger talks with <a href="/wiki/Daimler_Company" title="Daimler Company">The Daimler Company Limited</a> of Coventry. Daimler and Rover were then the largest British car producers. Daimler was immensely profitable. After its capital reconstruction in 1904, Daimler's profits were 57 per cent and 150 per cent returns on invested capital in 1905 and 1906. The attraction for Daimler shareholders was the apparent stability of BSA.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Daimler_DK400_RSP5533b.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Daimler_DK400_RSP5533b.jpg/220px-Daimler_DK400_RSP5533b.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Daimler_DK400_RSP5533b.jpg/330px-Daimler_DK400_RSP5533b.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Daimler_DK400_RSP5533b.jpg/440px-Daimler_DK400_RSP5533b.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4672" data-file-height="3104" /></a><figcaption>1957 Daimler DK400 limousine</figcaption></figure> <p>So in 1910, BSA purchased Daimler with BSA shares but Docker who negotiated the arrangements either ignored or failed in his assessment of their consequences for the new combine. The combine was never adequately balanced or co-ordinated. One of the financial provisions obliged Daimler to pay BSA an annual dividend of £100,000 representing approximately 40 per cent of the actual cash BSA had put into Daimler. This financial burden deprived Daimler of badly needed cash to fund development, forcing the Daimler company to borrow money from the <a href="/wiki/Midland_Bank" title="Midland Bank">Midland Bank</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>BSA had still not recovered financially from the earlier purchase of Royal Small Arms factory at Sparkbrook and BSA were not in a position to finance Daimler, nor had either company ample liquid resources. BSA went ahead with motorcycle production in 1910, their first model available for the 1911 season. In 1913, the BSA group were compelled through pressure from the Midland Bank to make a capital issue of 300,000 preference shares. In the short term this was to solve the liquidity issue but further diluted the group's capitalisation.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Dudley Docker retired as a BSA director in 1912 and installed Lincoln Chandler on the BSA board as his replacement. Dudley Docker liked to draw a comparison between the BSA–Daimler merger he engineered and that of his 1902 merger of <a href="/wiki/Metro-Cammell" title="Metro-Cammell">Metropolitan Carriage Wagon & Finance Company</a> and <a href="/wiki/Patent_Shaft" title="Patent Shaft">Patent Shaft</a>. However, there was not the integration of facilities in the BSA–Daimler case, nor was there a reorganisation of either BSA or Daimler and in view of the earlier criticism contained in the 1909 report of the investigation committee, BSA continued to produce cars of their own using Daimler engines. In 1913, Daimler employed 5,000 workers to manufacture 1,000 vehicles, an indication that things were not well.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Steel_bodies">Steel bodies</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Birmingham_Small_Arms_Company&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Steel bodies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1912, BSA would be one of two automobile manufacturers pioneering the use of all-steel bodies, joining <a href="/wiki/Hupmobile" title="Hupmobile">Hupmobile</a> in the US.<sup id="cite_ref-Csere1988p63_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Csere1988p63-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Lewis_Automatic_Machine_Gun">Lewis Automatic Machine Gun</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Birmingham_Small_Arms_Company&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Lewis Automatic Machine Gun"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lewis_MG_(_tanyacameron).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Lewis_MG_%28_tanyacameron%29.jpg/220px-Lewis_MG_%28_tanyacameron%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Lewis_MG_%28_tanyacameron%29.jpg/330px-Lewis_MG_%28_tanyacameron%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Lewis_MG_%28_tanyacameron%29.jpg/440px-Lewis_MG_%28_tanyacameron%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="799" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Lewis_gun" title="Lewis gun">Lewis gun</a></figcaption></figure> <p>In 1913, BSA undertook to manufacture <a href="/wiki/Lewis_gun" title="Lewis gun">quick-firing machine guns</a> for the Lewis Automatic Arms Company whose rights covered the world except for the American Continent.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="First_World_War">First World War</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Birmingham_Small_Arms_Company&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: First World War"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During the First World War, the company returned to arms manufacture and greatly expanded its operations. BSA produced <a href="/wiki/Rifle" title="Rifle">rifles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lewis_gun" title="Lewis gun">Lewis guns</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shell_(projectile)" title="Shell (projectile)">shells</a>, bicycles, motorcycles and, through Daimler, aero engines, aircraft and other vehicles for the war effort as well as machine tools. </p><p>Following the Armistice the BSA group was described by its chairman as: </p> <ul><li>Three distinct legal entities: BSA guns, BSA (machine) tools<sup id="cite_ref-tools_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tools-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and BSA cycles all at Sparkbrook, Smallheath and Redditch</li> <li>Daimler at Coventry</li> <li>William Jessop and Savilles the two steel-making companies in Sheffield</li> <li>Daimler Hire and Burton Griffiths<sup id="cite_ref-tools_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tools-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in London<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="New_ventures_2">New ventures</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Birmingham_Small_Arms_Company&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: New ventures"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Motorcycles_2">Motorcycles</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Birmingham_Small_Arms_Company&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Motorcycles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/BSA_motorcycles" title="BSA motorcycles">BSA motorcycles</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vintage_BSA_motorcycle.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Vintage_BSA_motorcycle.jpg/220px-Vintage_BSA_motorcycle.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="204" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Vintage_BSA_motorcycle.jpg/330px-Vintage_BSA_motorcycle.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Vintage_BSA_motorcycle.jpg/440px-Vintage_BSA_motorcycle.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1403" data-file-height="1299" /></a><figcaption>Vintage BSA motorcycle on High Street in Honiton, England</figcaption></figure> <p>In November 1919, BSA launched their first 50-degree <a href="/wiki/V-twin_engine" title="V-twin engine">vee-twin</a>, <a href="/wiki/BSA_Model_E" title="BSA Model E">Model E</a>, 770cc side valve (6-7 hp) motorcycle for the 1920 season.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The machine had interchangeable valves, total loss oil system with mechanical pump and an emergency hand one. Retail price was £130. Other features were <a href="/wiki/Amal_(motorcycle)" class="mw-redirect" title="Amal (motorcycle)">Amac</a> carburettor, chain drive, choice of <a href="/wiki/Ignition_magneto" title="Ignition magneto">magneto</a> or Magdyno, 7-plate clutch, 3 speed gear box with <a href="/wiki/Kick_start" title="Kick start">kickstarter</a> and new type of cantilever fork<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Aviation">Aviation</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Birmingham_Small_Arms_Company&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Aviation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Daimler_Airway" title="Daimler Airway">Daimler Airway</a></div> <p>During the war Daimler had built enormous numbers of aero engines and aircraft and by the end was building 80 Airco de Havilland bombers a month. In February 1920 BSA amalgamated<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with what was the world's largest aircraft manufacturer, <a href="/wiki/Airco" title="Airco">Aircraft Manufacturing Company (Airco)</a>, Airco's main plant at Hendon had employed between 7,000 and 8,000 people.<sup id="cite_ref-ObitTT_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ObitTT-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Airco group of companies had turned out a new aircraft every 45 minutes.<sup id="cite_ref-ObitDawes_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ObitDawes-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Within days BSA discovered Airco was in a far more serious financial state than <a href="/wiki/George_Holt_Thomas" title="George Holt Thomas">George Holt Thomas</a> had revealed. Holt Thomas was immediately dropped from his new seat on the BSA board and all BSA's new acquisitions were placed in the hands of a liquidator. Some of the businesses were allowed to continue for some years, <a href="/wiki/Aircraft_Transport_and_Travel" title="Aircraft Transport and Travel">Aircraft Transport and Travel</a>'s assets being eventually rolled into Daimler Air Hire to make <a href="/wiki/Daimler_Airway" title="Daimler Airway">Daimler Airway Limited</a>. BSA failed to pay a dividend for the following four years while it tried to recover from its losses.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some relief was achieved when in March 1924 Daimler Airway and its management became the major constituent of <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Airways" title="Imperial Airways">Imperial Airways</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:BSA_TB210HP_Roadster_1922-26_V_Twin.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/BSA_TB210HP_Roadster_1922-26_V_Twin.jpg/220px-BSA_TB210HP_Roadster_1922-26_V_Twin.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/BSA_TB210HP_Roadster_1922-26_V_Twin.jpg/330px-BSA_TB210HP_Roadster_1922-26_V_Twin.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/BSA_TB210HP_Roadster_1922-26_V_Twin.jpg/440px-BSA_TB210HP_Roadster_1922-26_V_Twin.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>BSA 10 hp two-seater<br /> air-cooled V Twin engine</figcaption></figure> <p>As well as the Daimler car range, BSA Cycles Ltd re-entered the car market under the BSA name in 1921 with a V-twin engined light car followed by four-cylinder models up to 1926, when the name was temporarily dropped. In 1929 a new range of 3- and 4-wheel cars appeared and production of these continued until 1936. </p><p>By the end of 1924 difficult economic conditions left the bulk of BSA profits coming from cars and cycles. There were no sales of arms for military purposes in spite of large new facilities built at Government's request. The shares in Pennsylvania's Jessop Steel Co were disposed of without loss.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During 1928 there was a drastic reorganisation of the business of some BSA subsidiaries.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By 1930 the BSA Group's primary activities were BSA cycles and Daimler vehicles.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Car production under the BSA name ceased in the 1930s. BSA remained the largest manufacturer of motorcycles but the market was less than half the size of the late 1920s and production was unprofitable yet the value of BSA's motor cars and cycles was now more than half group turnover.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Lanchester">Lanchester</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Birmingham_Small_Arms_Company&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Lanchester"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Lanchester_Motor_Company" title="Lanchester Motor Company">Lanchester Motor Company</a></div> <p>In 1931 the <a href="/wiki/Lanchester_Motor_Company" title="Lanchester Motor Company">Lanchester Motor Company</a> at Sparkbrook was acquired<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and production of their cars transferred to Daimler's Coventry works. The first new product was a version of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Daimler_Light_Twenty&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daimler Light Twenty (page does not exist)">Daimler Light Twenty</a> or 16/20 and called <a href="/wiki/Lanchester_15/18" class="mw-redirect" title="Lanchester 15/18">Lanchester 15/18</a>. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerycaption">Badge engineering 1931</li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lanchester_Type_1518_-_1932_5905514590.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Lanchester 15/18, October 1931, 2504 cc 6-cylinder"><img alt="Lanchester 15/18, October 1931, 2504 cc 6-cylinder" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Lanchester_Type_1518_-_1932_5905514590.jpg/120px-Lanchester_Type_1518_-_1932_5905514590.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Lanchester_Type_1518_-_1932_5905514590.jpg/180px-Lanchester_Type_1518_-_1932_5905514590.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Lanchester_Type_1518_-_1932_5905514590.jpg/240px-Lanchester_Type_1518_-_1932_5905514590.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4320" data-file-height="3240" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Lanchester_Eighteen_15/18" title="Lanchester Eighteen 15/18">Lanchester 15/18</a>, October 1931, 2504 cc 6-cylinder</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lanchester_Ten_6-light_saloon_1936_5917710821_3a71f2bf4b_o.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Lanchester Ten, September 1932, 1203 cc 4-cylinder"><img alt="Lanchester Ten, September 1932, 1203 cc 4-cylinder" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Lanchester_Ten_6-light_saloon_1936_5917710821_3a71f2bf4b_o.jpg/120px-Lanchester_Ten_6-light_saloon_1936_5917710821_3a71f2bf4b_o.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Lanchester_Ten_6-light_saloon_1936_5917710821_3a71f2bf4b_o.jpg/180px-Lanchester_Ten_6-light_saloon_1936_5917710821_3a71f2bf4b_o.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Lanchester_Ten_6-light_saloon_1936_5917710821_3a71f2bf4b_o.jpg/240px-Lanchester_Ten_6-light_saloon_1936_5917710821_3a71f2bf4b_o.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Lanchester_Ten" title="Lanchester Ten">Lanchester Ten</a>, September 1932, 1203 cc 4-cylinder</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Daimler_15_HP_1934_4860323967.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Daimler Fifteen, September 1932, 1805 cc 6-cylinder"><img alt="Daimler Fifteen, September 1932, 1805 cc 6-cylinder" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Daimler_15_HP_1934_4860323967.jpg/120px-Daimler_15_HP_1934_4860323967.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="87" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Daimler_15_HP_1934_4860323967.jpg/180px-Daimler_15_HP_1934_4860323967.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Daimler_15_HP_1934_4860323967.jpg/240px-Daimler_15_HP_1934_4860323967.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="580" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Daimler_Fifteen" title="Daimler Fifteen">Daimler Fifteen</a>, September 1932, 1805 cc 6-cylinder</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:BSA_10_1185cc_October_1933.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="BSA Ten, October 1932, 1185 cc 4-cylinder"><img alt="BSA Ten, October 1932, 1185 cc 4-cylinder" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/BSA_10_1185cc_October_1933.JPG/120px-BSA_10_1185cc_October_1933.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="91" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/BSA_10_1185cc_October_1933.JPG/180px-BSA_10_1185cc_October_1933.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/BSA_10_1185cc_October_1933.JPG/240px-BSA_10_1185cc_October_1933.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1850" data-file-height="1407" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/BSA_Ten" title="BSA Ten">BSA Ten</a>, October 1932, 1185 cc 4-cylinder</div> </li> </ul> <p>Economic conditions began to improve in the mid-1930s and BSA's activities and profits all grew sharply. International tensions added more activity. An aero engine shadow factory was built and entered production during 1938. Motor cycle sales shrank but BSA maintained its relative position. 1937's new British registrations fell from 57,000 to 46,500. Defence and military equipment including Daimler's Scout car were in heavy demand in Britain and in export markets.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Armaments">Armaments</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Birmingham_Small_Arms_Company&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Armaments"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the 1930s, the board of directors authorised expenditure on bringing their arms-making equipment back to use – it had been stored at company expense since the end of the Great War in the belief that BSA might again be called upon to perform its patriotic duty. In 1939, BSA acquired the blueprints for a submachine gun designed by Hungarian arms designer <a href="/wiki/P%C3%A1l_Kir%C3%A1ly" title="Pál Király">Pál Király</a> and the rights to manufacture it. Examples were produced in <a href="/wiki/9mm_Mauser_Export" class="mw-redirect" title="9mm Mauser Export">9mm Mauser Export</a> calibre. It was estimated that it would only cost £5 each to manufacture: by comparison, the <a href="/wiki/Thompson_submachine_gun" title="Thompson submachine gun">Thompson submachine guns</a> bought after the start of hostilities cost around £50, while <a href="/wiki/Lee%E2%80%93Enfield#Short_Magazine_Lee–Enfield_Mk_I" title="Lee–Enfield">SMLE</a> rifles and the later <a href="/wiki/Sten" title="Sten">Sten</a> submachine guns cost £7. 15s and £2. 10s respectively in 1943. However the trials did not lead to acceptance; referring to the complex trigger mechanism, Frank Hobart said "no soldier could have coped with this watchmaker's dream",<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Second_World_War">Second World War</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Birmingham_Small_Arms_Company&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Second World War"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Daimler_mark_14_x_4_armoured_car_-_Imperial_War_Museum_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Daimler_mark_14_x_4_armoured_car_-_Imperial_War_Museum_1.jpg/220px-Daimler_mark_14_x_4_armoured_car_-_Imperial_War_Museum_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Daimler_mark_14_x_4_armoured_car_-_Imperial_War_Museum_1.jpg/330px-Daimler_mark_14_x_4_armoured_car_-_Imperial_War_Museum_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Daimler_mark_14_x_4_armoured_car_-_Imperial_War_Museum_1.jpg/440px-Daimler_mark_14_x_4_armoured_car_-_Imperial_War_Museum_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Daimler_Armoured_Car" class="mw-redirect" title="Daimler Armoured Car">Daimler Armoured Car</a></figcaption></figure> <p>By the outbreak of the Second World War, BSA Guns Ltd at Small Heath, was the only factory producing rifles in the UK. The <a href="/wiki/Royal_Ordnance_Factory" title="Royal Ordnance Factory">Royal Ordnance Factories</a> did not begin production until 1941. BSA Guns Ltd was also producing <a href="/wiki/M1919_Browning_machine_gun" title="M1919 Browning machine gun">.303 Browning machine guns</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Air_Ministry" title="Air Ministry">Air Ministry</a> (the main aircraft armament at the time) at the rate of 600 guns per week in March 1939 and Browning production was to peak at 16,390 per month by March 1942. The armed forces had chosen the 500 cc side-valve <a href="/wiki/BSA_M20" title="BSA M20">BSA M20</a> motorcycle as their preferred machine. On the outbreak of war the Government requisitioned the 690 machines BSA had in stock as well as placing an order for another 8,000 machines. South Africa, Ireland, India, Sweden and the Netherlands also wanted machines. </p><p>The Government passed the <a href="/wiki/Emergency_Powers_(Defence)_Act_1939" title="Emergency Powers (Defence) Act 1939">Emergency Powers (Defence) Act 1939</a> on 24 August allowing the drafting of defence regulations affecting food, travel, requisitioning of land and supplies, manpower and agricultural production. A second Emergency Powers (Defence) Act was passed on 22 May 1940 allowing the conscription of labour. The fall of France had not been anticipated in Government planning and the encirclement of a large part of the <a href="/wiki/British_Expeditionary_Force_(World_War_II)" title="British Expeditionary Force (World War II)">British Expeditionary Force</a> into the Dunkirk pocket resulted in a hasty <a href="/wiki/Dunkirk_evacuation" title="Dunkirk evacuation">evacuation</a> of that part of the B.E.F following the abandonment of their equipment. The parlous state of affairs "no arms, no transport, no equipment" in the face of the threat of imminent invasion of Britain by <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Nazi</a> forces was recorded by the <a href="/wiki/Chief_of_the_Imperial_General_Staff" class="mw-redirect" title="Chief of the Imperial General Staff">Chief of the Imperial General Staff</a> Field Marshal Sir <a href="/wiki/Alan_Brooke,_1st_Viscount_Alanbrooke" title="Alan Brooke, 1st Viscount Alanbrooke">Alan Brooke, 1st Viscount Alanbrooke</a> in his diary entries of the 1/2 July 1940.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:BSA_G14_with_sidecar_and_machine_gun.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/BSA_G14_with_sidecar_and_machine_gun.JPG/220px-BSA_G14_with_sidecar_and_machine_gun.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/BSA_G14_with_sidecar_and_machine_gun.JPG/330px-BSA_G14_with_sidecar_and_machine_gun.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/BSA_G14_with_sidecar_and_machine_gun.JPG/440px-BSA_G14_with_sidecar_and_machine_gun.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption>G14 with <a href="/wiki/Sidecar" title="Sidecar">sidecar</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lewis_gun" title="Lewis gun">Lewis gun</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The creation of the <a href="/wiki/Home_Guard_(United_Kingdom)" title="Home Guard (United Kingdom)">Home Guard</a> (initially as the Local Defence Volunteers) following <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Eden" title="Anthony Eden">Anthony Eden</a>'s broadcast appeal to the Nation on Tuesday 14 May 1940 also created further demand for arms production to equip this new force. BSA, as the only rifle producer in Britain, had to step up to the mark and the workforce voluntarily went onto a seven-day week.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Motorcycle production was also stepped up from 500 to 1,000 machines per week which meant a finished machine coming off the production line every 5 minutes. The motorcycle department had been left intact in 1939 due to demand which was doubled following Dunkirk. At the same time BSA staff were providing lectures and demonstrations on motorcycle riding and maintenance to 250,000 officers and men in all parts of the UK. </p><p>The BSA factory at Small Heath was <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Britain#Raids_on_British_cities" title="Battle of Britain">bombed</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Luftwaffe" title="Luftwaffe">Luftwaffe</a> on 26 August 1940 resulting in one high explosive bomb and a shower of incendiaries hitting the main barrel mill which was the only one operating on service rifles in the country, causing the unaffordable loss of 750 <a href="/wiki/Machine_tool" title="Machine tool">machine tools</a> but fortunately no loss of life.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceB_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceB-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Two further <a href="/wiki/Birmingham_Blitz" title="Birmingham Blitz">Blitz air raids</a> took place on 19 and 22 November 1940.<sup id="cite_ref-Godwin_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Godwin-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The air raid of 19 November did the most damage, causing loss of production and trapping hundreds of workers. Since BSA was the sole producer of the main aircraft armament, the resulting delays in productions reportedly caused most worries to PM Churchill among all the industrial damage during the <a href="/wiki/The_Blitz" title="The Blitz">Blitz</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Two BSA night-shift electricians, Alf Stevens and Alf Goodwin, helped rescue their fellow workers. Alf Stevens was awarded the <a href="/wiki/George_Medal" title="George Medal">George Medal</a> for his selfless acts of bravery in the rescue and Alf Goodwin was awarded the <a href="/wiki/British_Empire_Medal" title="British Empire Medal">British Empire Medal</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Workers involved in the works <a href="/wiki/Air_Raid_Precautions" title="Air Raid Precautions">Civil Defence</a> were brought in to help search for and clear bodies to get the plant back into production. The net effect of the November raids was to destroy machine shops in the four-storey 1915 building, the original 1863 gunsmiths' building and nearby buildings, 1,600 machine tools, kill 53 employees, injure 89, 30 of them seriously and halt rifle production for three months. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:IWM-E-16827-light-tank-AA-MkI-19420915.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/IWM-E-16827-light-tank-AA-MkI-19420915.jpg/220px-IWM-E-16827-light-tank-AA-MkI-19420915.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="218" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/IWM-E-16827-light-tank-AA-MkI-19420915.jpg/330px-IWM-E-16827-light-tank-AA-MkI-19420915.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/IWM-E-16827-light-tank-AA-MkI-19420915.jpg/440px-IWM-E-16827-light-tank-AA-MkI-19420915.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="792" /></a><figcaption>Four Besa machine guns mounted on a <a href="/wiki/Light_Tank_Mk_VI" class="mw-redirect" title="Light Tank Mk VI">Vickers Tank, Light, AA Mk I</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The Government <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Supply" title="Ministry of Supply">Ministry of Supply</a> and BSA immediately began a process of production dispersal throughout Britain, through the <a href="/wiki/British_shadow_factories" title="British shadow factories">shadow factory</a> scheme. Factories were set up at <a href="/wiki/Tipton" title="Tipton">Tipton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dudley" title="Dudley">Dudley</a>, <a href="/wiki/Smethwick" title="Smethwick">Smethwick</a>, <a href="/wiki/Blackheath,_West_Midlands" title="Blackheath, West Midlands">Blackheath</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lye,_West_Midlands" title="Lye, West Midlands">Lye</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kidderminster" title="Kidderminster">Kidderminster</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stourport-on-Severn" title="Stourport-on-Severn">Stourport</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tyseley" title="Tyseley">Tyseley</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Bromsgrove" title="Bromsgrove">Bromsgrove</a> to manufacture Browning machine guns, <a href="/wiki/Stoke-on-Trent" title="Stoke-on-Trent">Stoke</a>, <a href="/wiki/Corsham" title="Corsham">Corsham</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Newcastle-under-Lyme" title="Newcastle-under-Lyme">Newcastle-under-Lyme</a> produced the <a href="/wiki/Hispano-Suiza_HS.404" title="Hispano-Suiza HS.404">Hispano cannon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Leicester" title="Leicester">Leicester</a> and <a href="/wiki/Redditch" title="Redditch">Studley Road</a> produced the <a href="/wiki/Besa_machine_gun" title="Besa machine gun">Besa machine gun</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ruislip" title="Ruislip">Ruislip</a> produced the <a href="/wiki/Oerlikon_20mm_cannon" class="mw-redirect" title="Oerlikon 20mm cannon">Oerlikon 20mm cannon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stafford" title="Stafford">Stafford</a> produced <a href="/wiki/RP-3" title="RP-3">rocket projectiles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tamworth,_Staffordshire" title="Tamworth, Staffordshire">Tamworth</a> produced <a href="/wiki/Ordnance_QF_2_pounder" class="mw-redirect" title="Ordnance QF 2 pounder">two-pounder gun carriages</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mansfield" title="Mansfield">Mansfield</a> produced the <a href="/wiki/Boys_anti-tank_rifle" title="Boys anti-tank rifle">Boys Anti-tank gun</a> and <a href="/wiki/Solihull" title="Solihull">Shirley</a> produced rifles. These were dispersal factories which were in addition to Small Heath and the other BSA factories opened in the two years following the 1940 blitz. At its peak Small Heath was running 67 factories engaged in war production. BSA operations were also dispersed to other companies under licence. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Thinktank_Birmingham_-_object_1983S03719(2).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Thinktank_Birmingham_-_object_1983S03719%282%29.jpg/220px-Thinktank_Birmingham_-_object_1983S03719%282%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Thinktank_Birmingham_-_object_1983S03719%282%29.jpg/330px-Thinktank_Birmingham_-_object_1983S03719%282%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Thinktank_Birmingham_-_object_1983S03719%282%29.jpg/440px-Thinktank_Birmingham_-_object_1983S03719%282%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Parachute_bicycle" class="mw-redirect" title="Parachute bicycle">Parachute bicycle</a></figcaption></figure> <p>In 1941 BSA was approached to produce a new pedal cycle with a maximum weight allowance of only 22 lb especially for <a href="/wiki/Airborne_forces" title="Airborne forces">airborne</a> use. This required a new concept in frame design which BSA found, producing a machine which weighed 21 lb, one pound less than the design specification and which also exceeded the design requirement for an effective life of 50 miles many times over. Over 60,000 <a href="/wiki/Folding_bicycle" title="Folding bicycle">folding bicycles</a> were produced, a figure equal to half the total production of military bicycles during World War II. BSA also produced <a href="/wiki/Welbike" title="Welbike">folding motorcycles</a> for the Airborne Division. In late 1942 BSA examined the <a href="/wiki/Special_Operations_Executive" title="Special Operations Executive">Special Operations Executive</a> designed <a href="/wiki/BSA_Welgun" title="BSA Welgun">Welgun</a> with a view to manufacture. BSA were willing to manufacture the gun in the quantities required starting April 1943 but the cheaper and less accurate Sten Mk IV was adopted for production by the Ministry of Supply.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> BSA bought the <a href="/wiki/Sunbeam_Cycles" title="Sunbeam Cycles">Sunbeam</a> motorcycles and bicycle business from <a href="/wiki/Associated_Motor_Cycles" title="Associated Motor Cycles">Associated Motor Cycles Ltd</a> in 1943 and then <a href="/wiki/Ariel_Motorcycles" title="Ariel Motorcycles">Ariel Motors Ltd</a> in 1944. During the course of the conflict BSA produced 1,250,000 Lee–Enfield .303 service rifles, 404,383 <a href="/wiki/Sten" title="Sten">Sten</a> sub-machine guns, 468,098 Browning machine guns plus spares equivalent to another 100,000, 42,532 Hispano cannon, 32,971 Oerlikon cannon, 59,322 7.9 mm Besa machine guns, 3,218 15 mm Besa machine guns, 68,882 Boys Anti-tank guns, 126,334 motorcycles, 128,000 military bicycles (over 60,000 of which were folding paratrooper bicycles), 10,000,000 shell fuse cases, 3,485,335 magazines and 750,000 anti-aircraft rockets were supplied to the armed forces.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_35-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At the same time other parts of the Group were having similar problems. Before World War II Daimler had been linked with other Coventry motor manufacturers in a government-backed scheme for aero engine manufacture and had been allocated two shadow factories. Apart from this, BSA-owned Daimler was producing <a href="/wiki/Daimler_Dingo" title="Daimler Dingo">Scout Cars</a> and Daimler Mk I Armoured Cars which had been designed by BSA at Small Heath not Coventry as well as gun turrets, gun parts, tank transmissions, rocket projectiles and other munitions. This activity had not gone unnoticed by the enemy, which made Radford Works a target in the <a href="/wiki/Coventry_Blitz" title="Coventry Blitz">Coventry air raids</a>. Radford Works received direct hits in four separate air raids during 1940. None of these attacks were to seriously disrupt production, however two more serious air raids were carried out in April 1941 which destroyed half the factory. In all it is estimated that 170 bombs containing 52,000 lbs of explosive were dropped on Radford Works as well as the thousands of incendiaries. Like BSA, Daimler had to find dispersal units.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceB_36-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceB-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A back-handed compliment was paid by Field Marshal <a href="/wiki/Erwin_Rommel" title="Erwin Rommel">Rommel</a> to the workers at Radford Works when he used a captured Daimler Scout to escape following his defeat at <a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_El_Alamein" title="Second Battle of El Alamein">El Alamein</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Post-war">Post-war</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Birmingham_Small_Arms_Company&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Post-war"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="BSA_cycles">BSA cycles</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Birmingham_Small_Arms_Company&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: BSA cycles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>BSA produced the first Sunbeam bicycle catalogue in 1949 and produced its own '4 Star' <a href="/wiki/Derailleur_gear" class="mw-redirect" title="Derailleur gear">derailleur gear</a> with an associated <a href="/wiki/Freehub" title="Freehub">splined cassette hub</a> and 4 sprocket cassette.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This design was different from the 1930s Bayliss Wiley cassette hub which had a threaded sprocket carrier. BSA bought New Hudson motorcycle and bicycle business in 1950 and followed this up in 1951 with the purchase of <a href="/wiki/Triumph_Engineering_Co_Ltd" class="mw-redirect" title="Triumph Engineering Co Ltd">Triumph Motorcycles</a> which brought <a href="/wiki/Jack_Sangster" title="Jack Sangster">Jack Sangster</a> onto the BSA board. The effect of this acquisition was to make BSA into the largest producer of motorcycles in the world at that time. </p><p>1952 saw BSA establish a Professional Cycling Team. <a href="/wiki/Bob_Maitland" title="Bob Maitland">Bob Maitland</a> a successful amateur cyclist and the highest placed British finisher in the 1948 Olympic Games road race and now an independent rider in the BSA team was a BSA employee working in the design office as a draughtsman. It was Bob Maitland who was responsible for the design of post war BSA range of lightweight sports bicycles based on his knowledge of cycling.<sup id="cite_ref-Godwin_37-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Godwin-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bob Maitland also made some of the components used on the bicycles of the professional team which were not standard production machines. In the 1952 <a href="/wiki/Tour_of_Britain" title="Tour of Britain">Tour of Britain</a> Road Race run between Friday 22 August and Saturday 6 September, involving 14 individual stages and covering a total race distance of 1,470 miles, the BSA team of Bob Maitland, "Tiny" Thomas, Pete Proctor, Alf Newman and Stan Jones won the overall team race and Pete Proctor "King of the Mountains" classification. The riders also enjoyed success on the individual stages of the race. The team competed in four further events, 14 September Tour of the Chilterns, 1st "Tiny" Thomas and Team Prize, 21 September Weston-Super-Mare Grand Prix, Team Prize, 28 September Staffordshire Grand Prix, 1st Bob Maitland and Team Prize, 5 October Tour Revenge Race, Dublin, 1st "Tiny" Thomas and Team prize.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1953 BSA withdrew motorcycle production from BSA Cycles Ltd, the company it had established in 1919, by creating BSA Motorcycles Ltd. </p><p>In 1953 the BSA Professional Cycling Team was managed by <a href="/wiki/Syd_Cozens" class="mw-redirect" title="Syd Cozens">Syd Cozens</a>. Successes were 5/6 April Bournemouth Two Day Road Race, 1st Bob Maitland, 12 April Dover to London 63 Miles Road Race, 1st Stan Jones, 31 May Langsett 90 Miles Road Race, 1st Bob Maitland and "King of the Mountains", 7 June Tour of the Wrekin, 1st Bob Maitland, 12 July Severn Valley 100 Miles Road Race, 1st "Tiny" Thomas, 19 July Jackson Trophy, Newcastle, Team Prize, 9 August Les Adams Memorial 80 Miles Road Race, 1st Alf Newman, Team Prize, "King of the Mountains" Arthur Ilsley, 30 August Weston-Super-Mare 100 Miles Grand Prix, 1st Bob Maitland, Team Prize. The team also competed in the 1,624-mile, 12 stage, 1953 Tour of Britain Road Race. The 1953 line up had changed as Arthur Ilsley replaced Pete Proctor in the team. "Tiny" Thomas won the overall individual classification, the Team were runners-up in the team competition and Arthur Ilsley was 3rd in the "King of the Mountains" competition. Bob Maitland also had notable success by winning the Independent National Championship.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>1954 saw the introduction of the BSA Quick Release 3 Speed hub gear. It was a split axle three speed gear intended for use with bicycles equipped with oil bath chainguards. The original BSA 3 speed hub gear had been made under licence from the Three-Speed Gear Syndicate since 1907. The design was later to be classified as the <a href="/wiki/Sturmey-Archer" title="Sturmey-Archer">Sturmey-Archer</a> 'Type X', but all BSA hub gear production ceased in 1955<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1955_Daimler_DK_400_%27Golden_Zebra%27_Coup%C3%A9_p1.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/1955_Daimler_DK_400_%27Golden_Zebra%27_Coup%C3%A9_p1.JPG/220px-1955_Daimler_DK_400_%27Golden_Zebra%27_Coup%C3%A9_p1.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/1955_Daimler_DK_400_%27Golden_Zebra%27_Coup%C3%A9_p1.JPG/330px-1955_Daimler_DK_400_%27Golden_Zebra%27_Coup%C3%A9_p1.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/1955_Daimler_DK_400_%27Golden_Zebra%27_Coup%C3%A9_p1.JPG/440px-1955_Daimler_DK_400_%27Golden_Zebra%27_Coup%C3%A9_p1.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a><figcaption>Lady Docker's 1955 Golden Zebra<br />Daimler coupé</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Management">Management</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Birmingham_Small_Arms_Company&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Management"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sir <a href="/wiki/Bernard_Docker" title="Bernard Docker">Bernard Docker</a> remained chairman of BSA until 1956 when the BSA Board removed him. In an acrimonious dispute conducted in the media the matter was brought to the BSA shareholders at the Annual General Meeting where the decision of the Board was upheld. Another significant departure for the fortune of the BSA Group but less controversial was the retirement on ill health grounds of James Leek CBE, managing director from 1939 until his retirement. Sir Bernard Docker was replaced as Chairman of the BSA Board by Jack Sangster.<sup id="cite_ref-Ryerson_Barry_1980_4-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ryerson_Barry_1980-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Dispersals">Dispersals</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Birmingham_Small_Arms_Company&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Dispersals"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The BSA bicycle division, BSA Cycles Ltd., including the BSA cycle dealer network was sold to <a href="/wiki/Raleigh_(bicycle)" class="mw-redirect" title="Raleigh (bicycle)">Raleigh</a> in 1957.<sup id="cite_ref-Bowden_Gregory_Houston_1975_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bowden_Gregory_Houston_1975-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Raleigh initially continued bicycle production in Birmingham at Coventry Road, Sheldon, Birmingham 26, into the early 1960s using up BSA parts but as time went on more stock Raleigh parts and fittings were used, some continuing to bear the 'piled arms' stamp. <a href="/wiki/Tube_Investments" class="mw-redirect" title="Tube Investments">TI Group</a>, owners of the <a href="/wiki/British_Cycle_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="British Cycle Corporation">British Cycle Corporation</a>, bought Raleigh in 1960 thus gaining access to the BSA brand. Bicycles bearing the BSA name are currently manufactured and distributed within India by <a href="/wiki/TI_Cycles_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="TI Cycles of India">TI Cycles of India</a> but have no direct connection to the original Birmingham BSA company. </p><p>In 1960, <a href="/wiki/Daimler_Company" title="Daimler Company">Daimler</a> was sold to <a href="/wiki/Jaguar_Cars" title="Jaguar Cars">Jaguar</a>. </p><p>1961 was the centenary year of the BSA Group and, in recognition of this milestone, the company magazine produced an anniversary issue of <i>BSA Group News</i> in June called <i>BSA Centenary 1861–1961</i>, in which many of the achievements of the Group were celebrated. This year also saw the end of military rifle production; however, BSA still continued to make sporting guns. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Products">Products</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Birmingham_Small_Arms_Company&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Products"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bicycles_2">Bicycles</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Birmingham_Small_Arms_Company&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Bicycles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to Charles Spencer, BSA was manufacturing the "Delta" bicycle <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1869</span>. In 1880 the company was approached to manufacture the "Otto Dicycle". An initial contract was signed to produce 210 and a further contract followed for a further 200. In all it is believed that a total of 953 Otto machines were made. BSA then went into bicycle production on their own account, the first machines to their own specification being exhibited at the 1881 <a href="/wiki/Stanley_Cycle_Show" title="Stanley Cycle Show">Stanley Show</a>. BSA went on to design and manufacture a "safety" bicycle (patent:15,342 of 1884). BSA was also producing tricycles and a licence was obtained in 1885 to manufacture ball bearings. BSA ceased bicycle manufacture in 1887 because of the demand for arms. Bicycle component manufacture commenced in 1894 and BSA continued to supply the bicycle trade up to 1936. The company recommenced bicycle manufacture on their own account again in 1908 and these were exhibited at the Stanley Show in 1909.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bicycle manufacture was what led BSA into motorcycles. BSA produced bicycles for both the police and military and notably a folding bicycle for the British Army during World War I<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the more well known folding Paratroopers bicycle during World War II. BSA supplied the Irish Army with bicycles after 1922. </p><p>BSA manufactured a range of bicycles from utility roadsters through to racing bicycles. The BSA range of Sports bicycles expanded in the 1930s following the granting of a patent for a new lighter design of seat lug in 1929<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and tandems were introduced into the BSA bicycle range as well. BSA had a reputation for quality and durability and their components were more expensive that either Chater-Lea or Brampton. BSA launched a high end club cyclists machine in the early 1930s initially branded as the "Super-eeze". Never slow to avail of publicity BSA sponsored the great Australian cyclist <a href="/wiki/Hubert_Opperman" title="Hubert Opperman">Hubert Opperman</a><sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and re-branded the top of the range machine the "Opperman" model.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A less expensive range of clubman lightweight machines was introduced from 1936 with the "Cyclo" 3 speed derailleur equipped "Clubman". Subtle changes were made to the range, most models being equipped with "Russ" patent forks<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and some models were made for only two seasons. This all stopped around September 1939 with the outbreak of war. A revised catalogue with a much reduced range was issued in March 1940 which also saw the launch of the BSA "Streamlight" model.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A novel all white bicycle<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was produced for the blackout but had disappeared from a severely reduced bicycle range the details of which were circulated to dealers from December 1941. BSA had ceased production of their 3 speed hub gear in 1939 and production appears to have started again by 1945 although with a black finish instead of chromium plating. BSA bought <b>Sunbeam</b> in 1943 and produced Sunbeam bicycles using up existing frames and parts and using BSA components for the missing bits. The first BSA produced Sunbeam catalogue was published in 1949<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Post war BSA expanded their bicycle range but faced problems of shortages of raw materials such as steel and was required to export a lot of their manufactured output in order to get a Government licence to purchase the necessary raw materials. The company moved bicycle production to the new Waverley Works after World War II. BSA continued to innovate introducing the 4 Star derailleur gear in 1949<sup id="cite_ref-BertoDancingChain2ndEd_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BertoDancingChain2ndEd-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-BertoDancingChain5thEd_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BertoDancingChain5thEd-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> along with an associated 4-speed 'unit' or cassette hub. The derailleur design was altered from 1950<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and was certainly available up to 1953 but was not a great success. BSA bought New Hudson in 1950<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and started to manufacture and sell New Hudson branded machines as well as Sunbeam. It appears that the top of the range BSA lightweight club cyclist machine was the "Gold Column" and this appears to have been changed into the BSA "Tour of Britain" model following the success of the BSA Professional Cycling Team in the 1952 Tour of Britain race. The "Tour of Britain" model was heavily promoted in the BSA 1953 sales literature. The factory made "Tour of Britain" model was not the same as those ridden by the professional team. Only eight machines were crafted for the professional team and none of the components appear to have been standard BSA parts. 1953 saw BSA separate the bicycle / motorcar and motorcycle business into different holdings. </p><p>The good times were coming to an end and demand for bicycles fell with the end of rationing in 1954.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability"><span title="Doesn't mention bicycles (March 2018)">failed verification</span></a></i>]</sup> James Leek, managing director of BSA Cycles Ltd was suffering ill health and he retired in 1956, the same year the BSA Chairman, Sir Bernard Docker,<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was removed from the BSA Board. <a href="/wiki/Jack_Sangster" title="Jack Sangster">Jack Sangster</a> who had joined the BSA Board in 1951 following the purchase of his company Triumph Motorcycles became chairman. The bicycle manufacturing business BSA Cycles Ltd was sold to <a href="/wiki/Raleigh_Industries" class="mw-redirect" title="Raleigh Industries">Raleigh Industries</a> in 1957. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Motorcycles_3">Motorcycles</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Birmingham_Small_Arms_Company&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Motorcycles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/BSA_motorcycles" title="BSA motorcycles">BSA motorcycles</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:BSA_1956_DBD34_Gold_Star_Daytona_500cc_1_cyl_ohv.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/BSA_1956_DBD34_Gold_Star_Daytona_500cc_1_cyl_ohv.jpg/220px-BSA_1956_DBD34_Gold_Star_Daytona_500cc_1_cyl_ohv.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/BSA_1956_DBD34_Gold_Star_Daytona_500cc_1_cyl_ohv.jpg/330px-BSA_1956_DBD34_Gold_Star_Daytona_500cc_1_cyl_ohv.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/BSA_1956_DBD34_Gold_Star_Daytona_500cc_1_cyl_ohv.jpg/440px-BSA_1956_DBD34_Gold_Star_Daytona_500cc_1_cyl_ohv.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1003" data-file-height="607" /></a><figcaption>BSA Gold Star Daytona</figcaption></figure> <p>BSA Motorcycles were made by BSA Cycles Ltd, under the BSA parent, until 1953 when the motorcycle business was moved into holding <i>BSA Motorcycles Ltd</i>. The first instance of intention to produce motorcycles was reported in <a href="/wiki/The_Motor_Cycle" title="The Motor Cycle">The Motor Cycle</a>, a British motorcycling journal, in July 1906.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first wholly BSA motorcycle, the <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><span class="frac">3<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">2</span></span> H.P.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was built in 1910 and displayed at the first Olympia Show, London on 21 November in that year. Sir <a href="/wiki/Hallewell_Rogers" title="Hallewell Rogers">Hallewell Rogers</a>, BSA Chairman, had informed the shareholders at the company's 1910 AGM in Birmingham "We have decided to put a motor-bicycle on the market for the coming season .... These machines will be on exhibit at the Cycle and Motor Show on November 21st, after which date we look forward to commencing delivery".<sup id="cite_ref-Ryerson_Barry_1980_4-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ryerson_Barry_1980-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The machines were available for the 1911 season and entire production sold out. BSA had previously acquired a commercially available engine in 1905 and fitted it to one of their bicycle frames and discovered at first hand the problems that needed to be overcome. BSA Cycles Ltd was set up as a subsidiary company in 1919 under Managing Director Charles Hyde to manufacture both bicycles and motorcycles.<sup id="cite_ref-Ryerson_Barry_1980_4-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ryerson_Barry_1980-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Civilian_firearms">Civilian firearms</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Birmingham_Small_Arms_Company&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Civilian firearms"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>The 1906 war office pattern rifle<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The Sportsman series of <a href="/wiki/.22_Long_Rifle" class="mw-redirect" title=".22 Long Rifle">.22 Long Rifle</a> bolt-action rifles</li> <li>Various Martini action target .22lr rifles<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The Ralock and Armatic semi automatic .22lr rifles<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Various <a href="/wiki/BSA_CF2" title="BSA CF2">bolt action hunting rifles</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Trademarks">Trademarks</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Birmingham_Small_Arms_Company&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Trademarks"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Rights to the motorcycle brand went to Norton Villiers Triumph and on its liquidation were purchased by <a href="/wiki/BSA_Company" title="BSA Company">BSA Company</a>. Rights to the guns brand were acquired by <a href="/wiki/Gamo_(airgun_manufacturer)" title="Gamo (airgun manufacturer)">Gamo</a> for its new subsidiary, BSA Guns (UK) Limited. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_popular_culture">In popular culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Birmingham_Small_Arms_Company&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: In popular culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Birmingham Small Arms Company (BSA) plays a prominent role in the inaugural season of the British crime drama series <a href="/wiki/Peaky_Blinders_(TV_series)" title="Peaky Blinders (TV series)"><i>Peaky Blinders</i></a>, as well as in subsequent seasons, where it serves as a focal point for armaments production, and as the day-to-day workplace of a number of characters.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Birmingham_Small_Arms_Company&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_modern_armament_manufacturers" title="List of modern armament manufacturers">List of modern armament manufacturers</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Birmingham_Small_Arms_Company&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-tools-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-tools_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-tools_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">later known as BSA's <i>Tool Group</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">from Hamilton Barnsley, the principal shareholder, chairman and managing director. Negotiated shortly before his death during Christmas time 1930. The Lanchester Motor Company held adjoining factory premises at Sparkbrook. The purchase of the whole of the shares was completed in January 1931 for £26,000.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">With a simpler trigger mechanism the Kiraly design went into service as the <a href="/wiki/Danuvia_43M_submachine_gun" title="Danuvia 43M submachine gun">Danuvia 43M submachine gun</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Birmingham_Small_Arms_Company&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Taylerson, A. W. F. (1983). pages 469–472. in Pollard, Hugh B. C. and Blair, Claude (eds.). <i>Pollard's History of Firearms</i>. Feltham, Middlesex: Country Life Books. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-600-33154-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-600-33154-7">0-600-33154-7</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WBSVCH-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-WBSVCH_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-WBSVCH_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">W.B. Stephens (Editor), <i>A History of the County of Warwick: Volume 7: The City of Birmingham</i>. Victoria County History, 1964</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ward-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ward_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ward_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWard1946" class="citation book cs1">Ward, Donovan M. (1946). <i>The Other Battle, Being a History of the Birmingham Small Arms Co. Ltd. with Special Reference to the War Achievements of B.S.A. Guns Ltd., B.S.A. Cycles Ltd., and the Other Subsidiary Companies Directly Administered from the Head Office of the Parent Company at Small Heath Birmingham</i>. p. 13. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/11840369">11840369</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Other+Battle%2C+Being+a+History+of+the+Birmingham+Small+Arms+Co.+Ltd.+with+Special+Reference+to+the+War+Achievements+of+B.S.A.+Guns+Ltd.%2C+B.S.A.+Cycles+Ltd.%2C+and+the+Other+Subsidiary+Companies+Directly+Administered+from+the+Head+Office+of+the+Parent+Company+at+Small+Heath+Birmingham&rft.pages=13&rft.date=1946&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F11840369&rft.aulast=Ward&rft.aufirst=Donovan+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABirmingham+Small+Arms+Company" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ryerson_Barry_1980-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ryerson_Barry_1980_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ryerson_Barry_1980_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ryerson_Barry_1980_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ryerson_Barry_1980_4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ryerson_Barry_1980_4-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ryerson_Barry_1980_4-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ryerson_Barry_1980_4-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Ryerson, Barry (1980). <i>The Giants of Small Heath: The History of BSA</i>. [Sparkford: Haynes]. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-85429-255-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-85429-255-1">0-85429-255-1</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Davenport-Hines,_R._P._T._2002_p._48-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Davenport-Hines,_R._P._T._2002_p._48_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Davenport-Hines,_R._P._T._2002_p._48_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Davenport-Hines, R. P. T. (2002). <i>Dudley Docker: The Life and Times of a Trade Warrior</i>. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 48. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-89400-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-89400-X">0-521-89400-X</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ryerson, Barry (1980). <i>The Giants of Small Heath: The History of BSA</i>. Sparkford: Haynes. p. 16. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-85429-255-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-85429-255-1">0-85429-255-1</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Davenport-Hines, R. P. T. (2002). <i>Dudley Docker: The Life and Times of a Trade Warrior</i>. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 49. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-89400-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-89400-X">0-521-89400-X</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Birmingham Small Arms Company (Limited). <i>The Times</i>, Thursday, 5 October 1911; p. 15; Issue 39708</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Davenport-Hines, R. P. T. (2002). <i>Dudley Docker: The Life and Times of a Trade Warrior</i>. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 49–50. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-89400-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-89400-X">0-521-89400-X</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Davenport-Hines, R. P. T. (2002). <i>Dudley Docker: The Life and Times of a Trade Warrior</i>. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 51. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-89400-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-89400-X">0-521-89400-X</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Davenport-Hines, R. P. T. (2002). <i>Dudley Docker: The Life and Times of a Trade Warrior</i>. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 50–52. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-89400-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-89400-X">0-521-89400-X</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Davenport-Hines, R. P. T. (2002). <i>Dudley Docker: The Life and Times of a Trade Warrior</i>. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 52. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-89400-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-89400-X">0-521-89400-X</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Csere1988p63-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Csere1988p63_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCsere1988" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/Csaba_Csere" title="Csaba Csere">Csere, Csaba</a> (January 1988), "10 Best Engineering Breakthroughs", <i>Car and Driver</i>, vol. 33, no. 7</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Car+and+Driver&rft.atitle=10+Best+Engineering+Breakthroughs&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=7&rft.date=1988-01&rft.aulast=Csere&rft.aufirst=Csaba&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABirmingham+Small+Arms+Company" class="Z3988"></span>, p. 63.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Company Meetings. <i>The Times</i>, Thursday, 9 October 1913; p. 17; Issue 40338.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Company Meeting. <i>The Times</i>, Saturday, 6 Nov 1920; pg. 19; Issue 42561</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">BSA Cycles Ltd 1920 <i>Advertisement Suggestions for BSA Bicycles and Motor Bicycles</i>, The Birmingham Small Arms Company, no ISBN</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ryerson, Barry 1980 <i>The Giants of Small Heath - The History of BSA</i>, Sparkford, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-85429-255-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-85429-255-1">0-85429-255-1</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Air Transport Combine. Aircraft And B.S.A. Firms Unite <i>The Times</i>, Monday, 1 March 1920; pg. 14; Issue 42347</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ObitTT-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ObitTT_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mr. G. Holt Thomas. <i>The Times</i>, Friday, 4 January 1929; pg. 14; Issue 45092</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ObitDawes-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ObitDawes_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mr. G. Holt Thomas. Colonel G. W. Dawes. <i>The Times</i>, Saturday, 5 January 1929; pg. 14; Issue 45093</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Dudley Docker: The Life and Times of a Trade Warrior</i> R. P. T. Davenport-Hines 1984 Cambridge University Press</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Birmingham Small Arms Company. <i>The Times</i>, Wednesday, 8 Apr 1925; pg. 21; Issue 43931</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">City Notes. <i>The Times</i>, Saturday, 5 Oct 1929; pg. 17; Issue 45326</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Birmingham Small Arms Company <i>The Times</i>, Saturday, 1 November 1930; pg. 20; Issue 45659</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Birmingham Small Arms Company. <i>The Times</i>, Wednesday, 16 Nov 1932; pg. 21; Issue 46292.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"The Lanchester Company", <i>The Times</i>, Tuesday, 6 January 1931; pg. 10; Issue 45713</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"The Birmingham Small Arms Company A Difficult Trading Year, Important Transactions Effected" <i>The Times,</i> Saturday, 28 November 1931; pg. 17; Issue 45992</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"The Birmingham Small Arms Company Limited". <i>The Times</i>, Wednesday, 2 Nov 1938; pg. 23; Issue 48141</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://firearms.96.lt/pages/BSA-Kiraly2.html">"BSA-Kiraly machine-carbine"</a>, <i>firearms.96.lt - Firearms Curiosa</i></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=firearms.96.lt+-+Firearms+Curiosa&rft.atitle=BSA-Kiraly+machine-carbine&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffirearms.96.lt%2Fpages%2FBSA-Kiraly2.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABirmingham+Small+Arms+Company" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClark2010" class="citation thesis cs1">Clark, D.M. (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/6164"><i>Arming the British Home Guard 1940-1944</i></a> (PhD). Cranfield University. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/1826%2F6164">1826/6164</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adissertation&rft.title=Arming+the+British+Home+Guard+1940-1944&rft.inst=Cranfield+University&rft.date=2010&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F1826%2F6164&rft.aulast=Clark&rft.aufirst=D.M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk%2Fhandle%2F1826%2F6164&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABirmingham+Small+Arms+Company" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>War Diaries 1939 -1945</i> Field Marshal Lord Alanbrooke, London 2001, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-297-60731-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-297-60731-6">0-297-60731-6</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ReferenceA-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_35-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_35-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>BSA Centenary 1861 - 1961, BSA Group News, No.17 June 1961</i>, The Birmingham Small Arms Company, no ISBN</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ReferenceB-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceB_36-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceB_36-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>BSA Centenary 1861 - 1961, BSA Group News, No. 17 June 1961</i>, The Birmingham Small Arms Company, no ISBN</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Godwin-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Godwin_37-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Godwin_37-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Godwin, Tommy <i>It wasn't that easy - The Tommy Godwin story</i>, John Pinkerton Memorial Publishing Fund, 2007, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-9552115-5-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-9552115-5-3">978-0-9552115-5-3</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.key.aero/article/ww2s-shadow-factory-raids">"WW2's Shadow factory raids"</a>. 30 March 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=WW2%27s+Shadow+factory+raids&rft.date=2021-03-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.key.aero%2Farticle%2Fww2s-shadow-factory-raids&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABirmingham+Small+Arms+Company" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.keymilitary.com/article/weapons-wheels">"From Weapons to Wheels"</a>. <i>www.keymilitary.com</i>. 15 February 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 April</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.keymilitary.com&rft.atitle=From+Weapons+to+Wheels&rft.date=2018-02-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.keymilitary.com%2Farticle%2Fweapons-wheels&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABirmingham+Small+Arms+Company" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.warwickshirerailways.com/misc/misc_bsa&singer339.htm">"Birmingham Small Arms (BSA) and Singer Motors: A view from the main gate showing the damage at the BSA works after a major air raid in the Second World War"</a>. <i>www.warwickshirerailways.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 April</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.warwickshirerailways.com&rft.atitle=Birmingham+Small+Arms+%28BSA%29+and+Singer+Motors%3A+A+view+from+the+main+gate+showing+the+damage+at+the+BSA+works+after+a+major+air+raid+in+the+Second+World+War&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.warwickshirerailways.com%2Fmisc%2Fmisc_bsa%26singer339.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABirmingham+Small+Arms+Company" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Boyce, Frederick and Everett, Douglas, <i>S.O.E.- The Scientific Secrets</i> Stroud, Gloucester, 2003, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7509-3165-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-7509-3165-5">0-7509-3165-5</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">BSA Cycles Ltd, 1951 <i>Bicycle Replacement Parts, BSA, Sunbeam, New Hudson</i> Birmingham Small Arms Company Ltd, no ISBN</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">BSA Cycles Ltd, <i>The Story of How BSA Won The "Daily Express" TOUR OF BRITAIN TEAM PRIZE and "The King of the Mountains"</i>, Birmingham Small Arms (1952), no ISBN</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">BSA Cycles Ltd, <i>1st BSA Wins "Daily Express" Tour of Britain</i>, Birmingham Small Arms, (November 1953), no ISBN</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hadland, Tony <i>The Sturmey-Archer Story</i>, privately published, (1987), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-9507431-2-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-9507431-2-7">0-9507431-2-7</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bowden_Gregory_Houston_1975-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Bowden_Gregory_Houston_1975_46-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bowden, Gregory Houston (1975). <i>The Story of the Raleigh Cycle</i>. London: Allen. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-491-01675-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-491-01675-1">0-491-01675-1</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Millar, Ray (2009). <i>An Encyclopaedia of Cycle Manufacturers: The Early Years up to 1918</i>. (2nd ed.) [Great Britain]: John Pinkerton Memorial Publishing Fund. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-9560430-5-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-9560430-5-4">978-0-9560430-5-4</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Birmingham Small Arms, 1918, <i> BSA History from the days of the Crimea </i>, Birmingham, no ISBN</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100421235250/http://www.rifleman.org.uk/BSA_early_history.htm">"B.S.A. History booklet 1914"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rifleman.org.uk/BSA_early_history.htm">the original</a> on 21 April 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 May</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=B.S.A.+History+booklet+1914&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rifleman.org.uk%2FBSA_early_history.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABirmingham+Small+Arms+Company" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Intellectual Property Office, (patent application date 4 July 1929), <i>GB332384(A) Improvements in or relating to the construction of cycle frames</i> BSA Birmingham, no ISBN</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/75395133@N00/3415216471/in/set-72157603949012058/">https://www.flickr.com/photos/75395133@N00/3415216471/in/set-72157603949012058/</a> <sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged July 2013">dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/75395133@N00/2777313275/in/set-72157606633777810/false=no">https://www.flickr.com/photos/75395133@N00/2777313275/in/set-72157606633777810/false=no</a> <sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged July 2013">dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/75395133@N00/2777318159/in/set-72157606633777810/deadlink=no">https://www.flickr.com/photos/75395133@N00/2777318159/in/set-72157606633777810/deadlink=no</a> <sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged July 2013">dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/75395133@N00/4027019497/in/set-72157606633777810/">https://www.flickr.com/photos/75395133@N00/4027019497/in/set-72157606633777810/</a> <sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged July 2013">dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/75395133@N00/3041830262/in/set-72157606633777810/">https://www.flickr.com/photos/75395133@N00/3041830262/in/set-72157606633777810/</a> <sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged July 2013">dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/75395133@N00/3040988703/in/set-72157606633777810/">https://www.flickr.com/photos/75395133@N00/3040988703/in/set-72157606633777810/</a> <sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged July 2013">dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pinkerton, John; Roberts, Derek; Hadland, Tony; and Lawrence, Scotford (2002). <i>Sunbeam Cycles: The Story from the Catalogues, 1887–1957 </i>. Birmingham: Pinkerton Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-9536174-3-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-9536174-3-2">0-9536174-3-2</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BertoDancingChain2ndEd-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-BertoDancingChain2ndEd_58-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBerto,_Frank_J.Ron_Shepherd2005" class="citation book cs1">Berto, Frank J.; Ron Shepherd; et al. (2005) [2000]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170606172525/http://www.thedancingchain.com/"><i>The Dancing Chain: History and Development of the Derailleur Bicycle</i></a> (2nd ed.). <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco,_CA" class="mw-redirect" title="San Francisco, CA">San Francisco, CA</a>, USA: Cycle Publishing/Van der Plas Publications. p. 168. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-89249-541-4" title="Special:BookSources/1-89249-541-4"><bdi>1-89249-541-4</bdi></a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thedancingchain.com/">the original</a> on 6 June 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 May</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Dancing+Chain%3A+History+and+Development+of+the+Derailleur+Bicycle&rft.place=San+Francisco%2C+CA%2C+USA&rft.pages=168&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Cycle+Publishing%2FVan+der+Plas+Publications&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=1-89249-541-4&rft.au=Berto%2C+Frank+J.&rft.au=Ron+Shepherd&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thedancingchain.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABirmingham+Small+Arms+Company" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BertoDancingChain5thEd-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-BertoDancingChain5thEd_59-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBerto,_Frank_J.2016" class="citation book cs1">Berto, Frank J.; et al. (2016) [2000]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cyclepublishing.com/cyclingbooks/"><i>The Dancing Chain: History and Development of the Derailleur Bicycle</i></a> (5th ed.). <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco,_CA" class="mw-redirect" title="San Francisco, CA">San Francisco, CA</a>, USA: Cycle Publishing/Van der Plas Publications. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-892495-77-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-892495-77-8"><bdi>978-1-892495-77-8</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 May</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Dancing+Chain%3A+History+and+Development+of+the+Derailleur+Bicycle&rft.place=San+Francisco%2C+CA%2C+USA&rft.edition=5th&rft.pub=Cycle+Publishing%2FVan+der+Plas+Publications&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-1-892495-77-8&rft.au=Berto%2C+Frank+J.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cyclepublishing.com%2Fcyclingbooks%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABirmingham+Small+Arms+Company" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">BSA Cycles Ltd, June 1950 Bicycle Catalogue <i>It's Time You Had a BSA</i> Birmingham Small Arms Company Ltd, no ISBN</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">BSA Cycles Ltd, April 1950 <i>Letter to Dealers reference newspaper advertising campaign for New Hudson bicycles to be run in local newspapers from March to August 1950</i>, Birmingham, no ISBN</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/july/4/newsid_3818000/3818563.stm">BBC ON THIS DAY | 4 | 1954: Housewives celebrate end of rationing</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121106123428/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,862195-1,00.html">Time magazine 11 June 1956</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/The_Motor_Cycle" title="The Motor Cycle">Motor Cycle</a>, 7 July 1966. p. 26 <i>Flashbacks to 1906. 16 July 1906. "We hear that the Birmingham Small Arms Co Ltd, the makers of well known and renowned BSA fittings, who recently purchased the Government Small Arms factory at Sparkbrook, Birmingham, for motor work, have decided to take up the manufacture of a light motor bicycle</i>". Accessed and added 2014-05-29</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/75395133@N00/4061329166/in/set-72157617635371402/">VJMC Northern Counties Classic Bike Show 2009 | Flickr – Condivisione di foto!</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131023143028/http://www.flickr.com/photos/75395133@N00/4061329166/in/set-72157617635371402/">Archived</a> 23 October 2013 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080528205820/http://www.rifleman.org.uk/War_Office_Pattern_Miniature_Rifle.htm">"The War Office Pattern Miniature Rifle"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rifleman.org.uk/War_Office_Pattern_Miniature_Rifle.htm">the original</a> on 28 May 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 April</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+War+Office+Pattern+Miniature+Rifle&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rifleman.org.uk%2FWar_Office_Pattern_Miniature_Rifle.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABirmingham+Small+Arms+Company" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080225081850/http://www.rifleman.org.uk/BSA_small-bore_target_rifles.html">"BSA Small-bore Target Rifles and Equipment"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rifleman.org.uk/BSA_small-bore_target_rifles.html">the original</a> on 25 February 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 April</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=BSA+Small-bore+Target+Rifles+and+Equipment&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rifleman.org.uk%2FBSA_small-bore_target_rifles.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABirmingham+Small+Arms+Company" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080223125833/http://www.rifleman.org.uk/BSA_Ralock_and_Armatic_semi-auto_rifles.htm">"The BSA Ralock and Armatic semi-auto rifles"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rifleman.org.uk/BSA_Ralock_and_Armatic_semi-auto_rifles.htm">the original</a> on 23 February 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 April</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+BSA+Ralock+and+Armatic+semi-auto+rifles&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rifleman.org.uk%2FBSA_Ralock_and_Armatic_semi-auto_rifles.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABirmingham+Small+Arms+Company" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRowley2022" class="citation web cs1">Rowley, Jim (25 May 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.looper.com/349107/what-is-the-bsa-in-peaky-blinders/">"What Is The BSA In Peaky Blinders?"</a>. <i>Looper</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 June</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Looper&rft.atitle=What+Is+The+BSA+In+Peaky+Blinders%3F&rft.date=2022-05-25&rft.aulast=Rowley&rft.aufirst=Jim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.looper.com%2F349107%2Fwhat-is-the-bsa-in-peaky-blinders%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABirmingham+Small+Arms+Company" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Birmingham_Small_Arms_Company&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Birmingham_Small_Arms_Company" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Birmingham Small Arms Company">Birmingham Small Arms Company</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100421235250/http://www.rifleman.org.uk/BSA_early_history.htm">BSA History from the Days of the Crimea (1918)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mrc.epexio.com/records/BSA">Catalogue of the BSA archives</a>, held at the <a href="/wiki/Modern_Records_Centre,_University_of_Warwick" title="Modern Records Centre, University of Warwick">Modern Records Centre, University of Warwick</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://purl.org/pressemappe20/folder/co/053649">Documents and clippings about Birmingham Small Arms Company</a> in the <a href="/wiki/20th_Century_Press_Archives" title="20th Century Press Archives">20th Century Press Archives</a> of the <a href="/wiki/German_National_Library_of_Economics" title="German National Library of Economics">ZBW</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output 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td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="British_motorcycle_manufacturers" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:British_motorcycle_manufacturers" title="Template:British motorcycle manufacturers"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:British_motorcycle_manufacturers" title="Template talk:British motorcycle manufacturers"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:British_motorcycle_manufacturers" title="Special:EditPage/Template:British motorcycle manufacturers"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="British_motorcycle_manufacturers" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">British <a href="/wiki/Motorcycle" title="Motorcycle">motorcycle</a> manufacturers</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Manufacturing_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Manufacturing in the United Kingdom">Manufacturing in the United Kingdom</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AJS" title="AJS">AJS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ariel_Motor_Company" title="Ariel Motor Company">Ariel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clews_Competition_Motorcycles" title="Clews Competition Motorcycles">CCM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheney_Racing" title="Cheney Racing">Cheney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greeves_(motorcycles)" title="Greeves (motorcycles)">Greeves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hesketh_Motorcycles" title="Hesketh Motorcycles">Hesketh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9tisse_Motorcycles" title="Métisse Motorcycles">Métisse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norton_Motorcycle_Company" title="Norton Motorcycle Company">Norton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triumph_Motorcycles_Ltd" title="Triumph Motorcycles Ltd">Triumph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wasp_Motorcycles" title="Wasp Motorcycles">Wasp</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Defunct</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abbotsford_motorcycles_(UK_1919)" title="Abbotsford motorcycles (UK 1919)">Abbotsford</a> (1919–?)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ABC_motorcycles" title="ABC motorcycles">ABC</a> (1919–1923)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aberdale#Motorcycles" title="Aberdale">Aberdale</a> (1946–1959)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abingdon_Motorcycles" title="Abingdon Motorcycles">Abingdon (AKD)</a> (1903–1925)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ABJ_(motorcycle)" title="ABJ (motorcycle)">ABJ</a> (1950–1954)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ackland_Motorcycles_Co" title="Ackland Motorcycles Co">Ackland</a> (1919–1924)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acme_Motor_Co" title="Acme Motor Co">Acme</a> (1902–1922)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Advance_Motor_Manufacturing_Company" title="Advance Motor Manufacturing Company">Advance</a> (1905–1947)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/AEL_(motorcycle)" title="AEL (motorcycle)">AEL</a> (1919–1924)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/AER_(motorcycles)" title="AER (motorcycles)">AER</a> (1937–1940)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/AJR_(motorcycle)" title="AJR (motorcycle)">AJR</a> (1925–1926)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/AJS" title="AJS">AJS Motorcycles Ltd</a> (1909–2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/AJW_Motorcycles" title="AJW Motorcycles">AJW</a> (1928–1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akkens_(motorcycle)" title="Akkens (motorcycle)">Akkens</a> (1919–1922)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alecto_(motorcycle)" title="Alecto (motorcycle)">Alecto</a> (1919–1925)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alert_(motorcycle)" title="Alert (motorcycle)">Alert</a> (1903–1906)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alldays_%26_Onions" title="Alldays & Onions">Alldays & Onions</a> (1903–1915)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allen_Norton_(motorcycle)" title="Allen Norton (motorcycle)">Allen Norton</a> (1990–1994}</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambassador_Motorcycles" title="Ambassador Motorcycles">Ambassador</a> (1946–1964)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ariel_Motorcycles" title="Ariel Motorcycles">Ariel</a> (1902–1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armstrong-CCM_Motorcycles" title="Armstrong-CCM Motorcycles">Armstrong</a> (1980–1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ascot-Pullin_Motorcycles" title="Ascot-Pullin Motorcycles">Ascot-Pullin</a> (1928–1930)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Associated_Motor_Cycles" title="Associated Motor Cycles">AMC</a> (1937–1966)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_E._Baker_Motorcycles_Ltd" title="Frank E. Baker Motorcycles Ltd">Baker</a> (1927–1930)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bat_Motor_Manufacturing_Co." title="Bat Motor Manufacturing Co.">Bat</a> (1902–1926)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baughan" title="Baughan">Baughan</a> (1920–1936)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beardmore_Precision_Motorcycles" title="Beardmore Precision Motorcycles">Beardmore Precision</a> (1914–1930)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blackburne_(motorcycles)" title="Blackburne (motorcycles)">Blackburne</a> (1913–1922)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bradbury_Motor_Cycles" title="Bradbury Motor Cycles">Bradbury</a> (1902–1924)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brough_Motorcycles" title="Brough Motorcycles">Brough</a> (1908–1926)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brough_Superior" title="Brough Superior">Brough Superior</a> (1919–1940)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">BSA</a> (1919–1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calthorpe_cars" title="Calthorpe cars">Calthorpe</a> (1909–1939)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chase_Brothers_Motorcycle" title="Chase Brothers Motorcycle">Chase Brothers Motorcycle</a> (1903–1906)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chater-Lea" title="Chater-Lea">Chater-Lea</a> (1900–1936)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clyno" title="Clyno">Clyno</a> (1909–1923)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corgi_Motorcycle_Co_Ltd." title="Corgi Motorcycle Co Ltd.">Corgi</a> (1946–1954)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cotton_(motorcycle)" title="Cotton (motorcycle)">Cotton</a> (1918–1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coventry-Eagle" title="Coventry-Eagle">Coventry-Eagle</a> (1901–1939)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coventry_Victor" title="Coventry Victor">Coventry Victor</a> (1919–1936)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/DMW_Motorcycles" title="DMW Motorcycles">DMW</a> (1945–1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dot_Cycle_and_Motor_Manufacturing_Company" title="Dot Cycle and Motor Manufacturing Company">DOT</a> (1908–1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_(motorcycles)" title="Douglas (motorcycles)">Douglas</a> (1907–1957)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dunelt_Motorcycles" title="Dunelt Motorcycles">Dunelt</a> (1919–1935)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duzmo_Motorcycles" title="Duzmo Motorcycles">Duzmo</a> (1919–1923)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/EMC_Motorcycles" title="EMC Motorcycles">EMC</a> (1947–1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Excelsior_Motor_Company" title="Excelsior Motor Company">Excelsior</a> (1896–1964)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis%E2%80%93Barnett" title="Francis–Barnett">Francis–Barnett</a> (1919–1966)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greeves_(motorcycles)" title="Greeves (motorcycles)">Greeves</a> (1953–1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grindlay_Peerless" title="Grindlay Peerless">Grindlay Peerless</a> (1923-1939)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haden_(motorcycle)" title="Haden (motorcycle)">Haden</a> (1912–1924)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hazlewoods_Limited" title="Hazlewoods Limited">Hazlewoods Limited</a> (1895–1923)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Healey_1000/4" title="Healey 1000/4">Healey</a> (1971–1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hesketh_Motorcycles" title="Hesketh Motorcycles">Hesketh</a> (1981–1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humber_motorcycles" title="Humber motorcycles">Humber</a> (1898–1930)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/HRD_Motorcycles" title="HRD Motorcycles">HRD</a> (1922–1928)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivy_(motorcycles)" title="Ivy (motorcycles)">Ivy</a> (1911–1934)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Cycle_Co" title="James Cycle Co">James</a> (1902–1966)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._A._Prestwich_Industries" title="J. A. Prestwich Industries">JAP</a> (1903–1939)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levis_(motorcycle)" title="Levis (motorcycle)">Levis</a> (1911–1939)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martinsyde" title="Martinsyde">Martinsyde</a> (1919–1923)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matchless" title="Matchless">Matchless</a> (1899–1966, 1988–1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/McEvoy_Motorcycles" title="McEvoy Motorcycles">McEvoy</a> (1926–1929)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Megelli_Motorcycles" title="Megelli Motorcycles">Megelli</a> (2004–2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montgomery_Motorcycles" title="Montgomery Motorcycles">Montgomery</a> (1902–1939)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ner-A-Car" title="Ner-A-Car">Ner-A-Car</a> (1921–1926)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Hudson_Motorcycles" title="New Hudson Motorcycles">New Hudson</a> (1903–1958)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Imperial_Motors" title="New Imperial Motors">New Imperial</a> (1901–1939)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norman_Cycles" title="Norman Cycles">Norman</a> (1935–1963)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norton-Villiers" title="Norton-Villiers">Norton-Villiers</a> (1966–1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norton_Villiers_Triumph" title="Norton Villiers Triumph">Norton Villiers Triumph</a> (1972–1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/NUT_Motorcycles" title="NUT Motorcycles">NUT</a> (1912–1933)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osborn_Engineering_Company" title="Osborn Engineering Company">OEC</a> (1901–1954)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/OK-Supreme" title="OK-Supreme">OK-Supreme</a> (1882–1940)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Packman_%26_Poppe_Motorcycles" title="Packman & Poppe Motorcycles">P&P</a> (1922–1930)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Premier_Motorcycles" title="Premier Motorcycles">Premier</a> (1908–1921)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phelon_%26_Moore" title="Phelon & Moore">Panther</a> (1904–1967)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quasar_(motorcycle)" title="Quasar (motorcycle)">Quasar</a> (1975–1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quadrant_(motorcycles)" title="Quadrant (motorcycles)">Quadrant</a> (1901–1928)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raleigh_Bicycle_Company#The_motor_experiment" title="Raleigh Bicycle Company">Raleigh</a> (1899–1967)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rex-Acme" title="Rex-Acme">Rex-Acme</a> (1899–1933)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rickman_Motorcycles" title="Rickman Motorcycles">Rickman</a> (1960–1975)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rover_(motorcycles)" title="Rover (motorcycles)">Rover</a> (1902–1924)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Enfield" title="Royal Enfield">Royal Enfield</a> (1893–1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruby_Cycle_Co_Ltd" title="Ruby Cycle Co Ltd">Ruby</a> (1909–1932)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudge-Whitworth" title="Rudge-Whitworth">Rudge</a> (1911–1946)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Scott_Motorcycle_Company" title="The Scott Motorcycle Company">Scott</a> (1908–1965)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silk_Engineering" title="Silk Engineering">Silk</a> (1976–1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singer_(motorcycle)" class="mw-redirect" title="Singer (motorcycle)">Singer</a> (1900–1915)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sprite_(motorcycle)" title="Sprite (motorcycle)">Sprite</a> (1964–1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sun_(motorcycle)" title="Sun (motorcycle)">Sun</a> (1911–1961)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triumph_Engineering" title="Triumph Engineering">Triumph</a> (1885–1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tandon_Motorcycles" title="Tandon Motorcycles">Tandon</a> (1947–1959)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunbeam_Cycles" title="Sunbeam Cycles">Sunbeam</a> (1912–1964)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Velocette" title="Velocette">Velocette</a> (1904–1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villiers_Engineering" title="Villiers Engineering">Villiers</a> (1898–1966)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vincent_Motorcycles" title="Vincent Motorcycles">Vincent-HRD</a> (1928–1959)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilkinson_Sword" title="Wilkinson Sword">Wilkinson</a> (1911–1916)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wooler_(motorcycles)" title="Wooler (motorcycles)">Wooler</a> (1909–1954)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zenith_Motorcycles" title="Zenith Motorcycles">Zenith</a> (1905–1950)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="British_Leyland_–_car_companies_and_marques" style="display:table;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:British_Leyland" title="Template:British Leyland"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:British_Leyland" title="Template talk:British Leyland"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:British_Leyland" title="Special:EditPage/Template:British Leyland"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="British_Leyland_–_car_companies_and_marques" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">British Leyland – car companies and marques</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;border-width:0;"><div style="padding:0"> <table style="width:100%" class="wraplinks"> <tbody><tr style="background-color:#F0F0F0"> <th width="10%">Marque </th> <th colspan="5">1900s </th> <th colspan="5">1910s </th> <th colspan="5">1920s </th> <th colspan="5">1930s </th> <th colspan="5">1940s </th> <th colspan="5">1950s </th> <th colspan="5">1960s </th> <th colspan="5">1970s </th> <th colspan="5">1980s </th> <th colspan="5">1990s </th> <th colspan="5">2000s </th> <th colspan="5">2010s </th> <th colspan="2">2020s </th></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> <th><a href="/wiki/Standard_Motor_Company" title="Standard Motor Company">Standard</a> </th> <td colspan="1"> </td> <td colspan="21" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Standard_Motor_Company" title="Standard Motor Company">Standard</a> </td> <td colspan="8" style="background-color:#C0C0C0" rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Standard_Motor_Company" title="Standard Motor Company">Standard</a> <a href="/wiki/Triumph_Motor_Company" title="Triumph Motor Company">Triumph</a> </td> <td colspan="4" style="background-color:#C0C0C0" rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Leyland_Motors" title="Leyland Motors">Leyland Motors</a> </td> <td colspan="7" style="background-color:#C0C0C0" rowspan="15"><a href="/wiki/British_Leyland" title="British Leyland">BLMC / British Leyland</a> </td> <td colspan="4" style="background-color:#C0C0C0" rowspan="12"><a href="/wiki/Austin_Rover_Group" title="Austin Rover Group">Austin Rover Group</a><br />&<br /><a href="/wiki/Land_Rover_Group" title="Land Rover Group">Land Rover Group</a> (<a href="/wiki/British_Leyland" title="British Leyland">BL plc</a>) </td> <td colspan="2" style="background-color:#C0C0C0" rowspan="12"><a href="/wiki/Rover_Group" title="Rover Group">Rover Group</a> (<a href="/wiki/British_Aerospace" title="British Aerospace">BAe</a>) </td> <td colspan="3" style="background-color:#C0C0C0" rowspan="12"><a href="/wiki/Rover_Group" title="Rover Group">Rover Group</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/BMW" title="BMW">BMW</a>) </td> <td colspan="13" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/British_Motor_Heritage" title="British Motor Heritage">British Motor Heritage</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> <th><a href="/wiki/Triumph_Motor_Company" title="Triumph Motor Company">Triumph</a> </th> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Dawson_Car_Company" title="Dawson Car Company">Dawson</a> </td> <td colspan="12" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Triumph_Motor_Company" title="Triumph Motor Company">Triumph</a> </td> <td colspan="13" style="background-color:#C0C0C0" rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/BMW" title="BMW">BMW</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> <th><a href="/wiki/Mini_(marque)" title="Mini (marque)">Mini</a> </th> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="4"> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> <th><a href="/wiki/Riley_Motor" title="Riley Motor">Riley</a> </th> <td colspan="19" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Riley_Motor" title="Riley Motor">Riley</a> </td> <td colspan="7" style="background-color:#C0C0C0" rowspan="4"><a href="/wiki/Nuffield_Organization" title="Nuffield Organization">Nuffield Organization</a> </td> <td colspan="7" style="background-color:#C0C0C0" rowspan="6"><a href="/wiki/British_Motor_Corporation" title="British Motor Corporation">BMC</a> </td> <td colspan="1" style="background-color:#C0C0C0" rowspan="6"><a href="/wiki/British_Motor_Holdings" title="British Motor Holdings">BMH</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> <th><a href="/wiki/MG_cars" title="MG cars">MG</a> </th> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="1"> </td> <td colspan="8" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/MG_cars" title="MG cars">Morris Garages (MG)</a> </td> <td colspan="3" style="background-color:#C0C0C0" rowspan="6"><a href="/wiki/MG_Rover_Group" title="MG Rover Group">MG Rover Group</a> (<a href="/wiki/Phoenix_Venture_Holdings" title="Phoenix Venture Holdings">PVH</a>) </td> <td colspan="1" style="background-color:#C0C0C0" rowspan="5"><a href="/wiki/SAIC_Motor" title="SAIC Motor">SAIC</a><br />&<br /><a href="/wiki/Nanjing_Automobile" title="Nanjing Automobile">NAC</a> </td> <td colspan="9" style="background-color:#C0C0C0" rowspan="5"><a href="/wiki/SAIC_Motor" title="SAIC Motor">SAIC</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> <th><a href="/wiki/Morris_Motors" title="Morris Motors">Morris</a> </th> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="1"> </td> <td colspan="12" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Morris_Motors" title="Morris Motors">Morris</a> </td> <td colspan="1" style="background-color:#C0C0C0" rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Morris_Motors" title="Morris Motors">Morris</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> <th><a href="/wiki/Wolseley_Motors" title="Wolseley Motors">Wolseley</a> </th> <td colspan="18" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Wolseley_Motors" title="Wolseley Motors">Wolseley</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> <th><a href="/wiki/Austin_Motor_Company" title="Austin Motor Company">Austin</a> </th> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td colspan="21" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Austin_Motor_Company" title="Austin Motor Company">Austin</a> </td> <td colspan="3" style="background-color:#C0C0C0" rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Austin_Motor_Company" title="Austin Motor Company">Austin</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> <th><a href="/wiki/Vanden_Plas" title="Vanden Plas">Vanden Plas</a> </th> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td colspan="21" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Vanden_Plas" title="Vanden Plas">Vanden Plas</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> <th><a href="/wiki/Rover_(marque)" title="Rover (marque)">Rover</a> </th> <td colspan="1"> </td> <td colspan="22" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Rover_Company" title="Rover Company">Rover Company</a> </td> <td colspan="9" style="background-color:#C0C0C0" rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Rover_Company" title="Rover Company">Rover Company</a> </td> <td colspan="2" style="background-color:#C0C0C0" rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Rover_Company" title="Rover Company">Rover Company</a> </td> <td colspan="1" style="background-color:#C0C0C0" rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Premier_Automotive_Group" title="Premier Automotive Group">PAG</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ford_of_Britain" title="Ford of Britain">Ford</a>) </td> <td colspan="9" style="background-color:#C0C0C0" rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Tata_Motors" title="Tata Motors">Tata</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> <th><a href="/wiki/Land_Rover" title="Land Rover">Land Rover</a> </th> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="3"> </td> <td colspan="3" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Premier_Automotive_Group" title="Premier Automotive Group">PAG</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ford_of_Britain" title="Ford of Britain">Ford</a>) </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> <th><a href="/wiki/Alvis_Car_and_Engineering_Company" title="Alvis Car and Engineering Company">Alvis</a> </th> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="1"> </td> <td colspan="21" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Alvis_Car_and_Engineering_Company" title="Alvis Car and Engineering Company">Alvis</a> </td> <td colspan="13" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/BAE_Systems" title="BAE Systems">BAE Systems</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> <th><a href="/wiki/Jaguar_Cars" title="Jaguar Cars">Jaguar</a> </th> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="1"> </td> <td colspan="12" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/SS_Cars_Ltd" class="mw-redirect" title="SS Cars Ltd">SS Cars</a> </td> <td colspan="7" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Jaguar_Cars" title="Jaguar Cars">Jaguar</a> </td> <td colspan="3" style="background-color:#C0C0C0" rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Jaguar_Cars" title="Jaguar Cars">Jaguar</a><br />&<br /><a href="/wiki/Daimler_Company" title="Daimler Company">Daimler</a> </td> <td colspan="1" style="background-color:#C0C0C0" rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/British_Motor_Holdings" title="British Motor Holdings">BMH</a> </td> <td colspan="4" style="background-color:#C0C0C0" rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Jaguar_Cars" title="Jaguar Cars">Jaguar</a><br />&<br /><a href="/wiki/Daimler_Company" title="Daimler Company">Daimler</a> </td> <td colspan="9" style="background-color:#C0C0C0" rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Premier_Automotive_Group" title="Premier Automotive Group">PAG</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ford_of_Britain" title="Ford of Britain">Ford</a>) </td> <td colspan="9" style="background-color:#C0C0C0" rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Tata_Motors" title="Tata Motors">Tata</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> <th><a href="/wiki/Daimler_Company" title="Daimler Company">Daimler</a> </th> <td colspan="5" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Daimler_Company" title="Daimler Company">Daimler</a> </td> <td colspan="10" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">BSA</a> </td> <td colspan="15" style="background-color:#C0C0C0" rowspan="2"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">BSA</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> <th><a href="/wiki/Lanchester_Motor_Company" title="Lanchester Motor Company">Lanchester</a> </th> <td colspan="15" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Lanchester_Motor_Company" title="Lanchester Motor Company">Lanchester</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> <th><a href="/wiki/Princess_(car)" title="Princess (car)">Princess</a> </th> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="4"> </td> <td colspan="1" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/British_Motor_Corporation" title="British Motor Corporation">BMC</a> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="3"> </td> <td colspan="3" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/British_Leyland" title="British Leyland">BLMC / British Leyland</a> </td> <td colspan="4"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="3"> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> <th><a href="/wiki/Austin-Healey" title="Austin-Healey">Austin-Healey</a> </th> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="1"> </td> <td colspan="10" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Austin_Motor_Company" title="Austin Motor Company">Austin</a> (<a href="/wiki/British_Motor_Corporation" title="British Motor Corporation">BMC</a>) & <a href="/wiki/Donald_Healey" title="Donald Healey">Donald Healey</a> </td> <td colspan="4"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="3"> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#F0F0F0"> <th width="10%">Marque </th> <th colspan="5">1900s </th> <th colspan="5">1910s </th> <th colspan="5">1920s </th> <th colspan="5">1930s </th> <th colspan="5">1940s </th> <th colspan="5">1950s </th> <th colspan="5">1960s </th> <th colspan="5">1970s </th> <th colspan="5">1980s </th> <th colspan="5">1990s </th> <th colspan="5">2000s </th> <th colspan="5">2010s </th> <th colspan="2">2020s </th></tr> <tr> <td width="1.5%"></td> <td width="1.5%"></td> <td width="1.5%"></td> <td width="1.5%"></td> <td width="1.5%"> </td> <td width="1.5%"></td> <td width="1.5%"></td> <td width="1.5%"></td> <td width="1.5%"></td> <td width="1.5%"> </td> <td width="1.5%"></td> <td width="1.5%"></td> <td width="1.5%"></td> <td width="1.5%"></td> <td width="1.5%"> </td> <td width="1.5%"></td> <td width="1.5%"></td> <td width="1.5%"></td> <td width="1.5%"></td> <td width="1.5%"> </td> <td width="1.5%"></td> <td width="1.5%"></td> <td width="1.5%"></td> <td width="1.5%"></td> <td width="1.5%"> </td> <td width="1.5%"></td> <td width="1.5%"></td> <td width="1.5%"></td> <td width="1.5%"></td> <td width="1.5%"> </td> <td width="1.5%"></td> <td width="1.5%"></td> <td width="1.5%"></td> <td width="1.5%"></td> <td width="1.5%"> </td> <td width="1.5%"></td> <td width="1.5%"></td> <td width="1.5%"></td> <td width="1.5%"></td> <td width="1.5%"> </td> <td width="1.5%"></td> <td width="1.5%"></td> <td width="1.5%"></td> <td width="1.5%"></td> <td width="1.5%"> </td> <td width="1.5%"></td> <td width="1.5%"></td> <td width="1.5%"></td> <td width="1.5%"></td> <td width="1.5%"> </td> <td width="1.5%"></td> <td width="1.5%"></td> <td width="1.5%"></td> <td width="1.5%"></td> <td width="1.5%"> </td> <td width="1.5%"></td> <td width="1.5%"></td> <td width="1.5%"></td> <td width="1.5%"></td> <td width="1.5%"> </td> <td width="1.5%"></td> <td width="1.5%"> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="British_car_industry_–_companies_and_marques" style="display:table;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:British_car_industry" title="Template:British car industry"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:British_car_industry" title="Template talk:British car industry"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:British_car_industry" title="Special:EditPage/Template:British car industry"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="British_car_industry_–_companies_and_marques" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Automotive industry in the United Kingdom">British car industry</a> – companies and marques</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;border-width:0;"><div style="padding:0"> <table style="width:100%" class="wraplinks"> <tbody><tr style="background-color:#F0F0F0"> <th width="10%" rowspan="2">Marque </th> <th colspan="5">1900s </th> <th colspan="5">1910s </th> <th colspan="5">1920s </th> <th colspan="5">1930s </th> <th colspan="5">1940s </th> <th colspan="5">1950s </th> <th colspan="5">1960s </th> <th colspan="5">1970s </th> <th colspan="5">1980s </th> <th colspan="5">1990s </th> <th colspan="5">2000s </th> <th colspan="5">2010s </th> <th colspan="3">2020s </th></tr> <tr style="background-color:lavender"> <td width="1.5%">0</td> <td width="1.5%">2</td> <td width="1.5%">4</td> <td width="1.5%">6</td> <td width="1.5%">8 </td> <td width="1.5%">0</td> <td width="1.5%">2</td> <td width="1.5%">4</td> <td width="1.5%">6</td> <td width="1.5%">8 </td> <td width="1.5%">0</td> <td width="1.5%">2</td> <td width="1.5%">4</td> <td width="1.5%">6</td> <td width="1.5%">8 </td> <td width="1.5%">0</td> <td width="1.5%">2</td> <td width="1.5%">4</td> <td width="1.5%">6</td> <td width="1.5%">8 </td> <td width="1.5%">0</td> <td width="1.5%">2</td> <td width="1.5%">4</td> <td width="1.5%">6</td> <td width="1.5%">8 </td> <td width="1.5%">0</td> <td width="1.5%">2</td> <td width="1.5%">4</td> <td width="1.5%">6</td> <td width="1.5%">8 </td> <td width="1.5%">0</td> <td width="1.5%">2</td> <td width="1.5%">4</td> <td width="1.5%">6</td> <td width="1.5%">8 </td> <td width="1.5%">0</td> <td width="1.5%">2</td> <td width="1.5%">4</td> <td width="1.5%">6</td> <td width="1.5%">8 </td> <td width="1.5%">0</td> <td width="1.5%">2</td> <td width="1.5%">4</td> <td width="1.5%">6</td> <td width="1.5%">8 </td> <td width="1.5%">0</td> <td width="1.5%">2</td> <td width="1.5%">4</td> <td width="1.5%">6</td> <td width="1.5%">8 </td> <td width="1.5%">0</td> <td width="1.5%">2</td> <td width="1.5%">4</td> <td width="1.5%">6</td> <td width="1.5%">8 </td> <td width="1.5%">0</td> <td width="1.5%">2</td> <td width="1.5%">4</td> <td width="1.5%">6</td> <td width="1.5%">8 </td> <td width="1.5%">0</td> <td width="1.5%">2</td> <td width="1.5%">4 </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> <th><a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_Motor_Cars" title="Rolls-Royce Motor Cars">Rolls-Royce</a> </th> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td colspan="13" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_Limited" title="Rolls-Royce Limited">Rolls-Royce Limited</a> </td> <td colspan="21" style="background-color:#C0C0C0" rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_Limited" title="Rolls-Royce Limited">Rolls-Royce Limited</a> & <a href="/wiki/Bentley" title="Bentley">Bentley</a> </td> <td colspan="4" style="background-color:#C0C0C0" rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_Motors" title="Rolls-Royce Motors">Rolls-Royce Motors</a> </td> <td colspan="9" style="background-color:#C0C0C0" rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_Motors" title="Rolls-Royce Motors">Rolls-Royce Motors</a> (<a href="/wiki/Vickers_plc" title="Vickers plc">Vickers</a>) </td> <td colspan="3" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/BMW" title="BMW">BMW</a> & <a href="/wiki/Volkswagen_Group" title="Volkswagen Group">VW Group</a> </td> <td colspan="11" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/BMW" title="BMW">BMW</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> <th><a href="/wiki/Bentley" title="Bentley">Bentley</a> </th> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Bentley" title="Bentley">Bentley</a> </td> <td colspan="15" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Volkswagen_Group" title="Volkswagen Group">Volkswagen Group</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> <th><a href="/wiki/Armstrong_Siddeley" title="Armstrong Siddeley">Armstrong Siddeley</a> </th> <td colspan="4"> </td> <td colspan="5" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Armstrong_Siddeley" title="Armstrong Siddeley">Siddeley-Deasy</a> </td> <td colspan="5" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Armstrong_Whitworth" title="Armstrong Whitworth">Armstrong Whitworth</a> </td> <td colspan="16" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Armstrong_Siddeley" title="Armstrong Siddeley">Armstrong Siddeley</a> </td> <td colspan="4" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Bristol_Siddeley" title="Bristol Siddeley">Bristol Siddeley</a> </td> <td colspan="2" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_Limited" title="Rolls-Royce Limited">Rolls-Royce Limited</a> </td> <td colspan="27" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Armstrong_Siddeley_Owners_Club&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Armstrong Siddeley Owners Club (page does not exist)">Armstrong Siddeley Owners Club</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> <th><a href="/wiki/Aston_Martin" title="Aston Martin">Aston Martin</a> </th> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="1"> </td> <td colspan="18" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Aston_Martin" title="Aston Martin">Aston Martin</a> </td> <td colspan="22" style="background-color:#C0C0C0" rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Aston_Martin" title="Aston Martin">Aston Martin Lagonda</a> </td> <td colspan="8" style="background-color:#C0C0C0" rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Premier_Automotive_Group" title="Premier Automotive Group">PAG</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ford_of_Britain" title="Ford of Britain">Ford</a>) </td> <td colspan="9" style="background-color:#C0C0C0" rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Aston_Martin" title="Aston Martin">Aston Martin Lagonda</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> <th><a href="/wiki/Lagonda" title="Lagonda">Lagonda</a> </th> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td colspan="22" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Lagonda" title="Lagonda">Lagonda</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> <th><a href="/wiki/Standard_Motor_Company" title="Standard Motor Company">Standard</a> </th> <td colspan="1"> </td> <td colspan="21" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Standard_Motor_Company" title="Standard Motor Company">Standard</a> </td> <td colspan="8" style="background-color:#C0C0C0" rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Standard_Motor_Company" title="Standard Motor Company">Standard</a> <a href="/wiki/Triumph_Motor_Company" title="Triumph Motor Company">Triumph</a> </td> <td colspan="4" style="background-color:#C0C0C0" rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Leyland_Motors" title="Leyland Motors">Leyland Motors</a> </td> <td colspan="7" style="background-color:#C0C0C0" rowspan="15"><a href="/wiki/British_Leyland" title="British Leyland">BLMC / British Leyland</a> </td> <td colspan="4" style="background-color:#C0C0C0" rowspan="12"><a href="/wiki/Austin_Rover_Group" title="Austin Rover Group">Austin Rover Group</a><br />&<br /><a href="/wiki/Land_Rover_Group" title="Land Rover Group">Land Rover Group</a> (<a href="/wiki/British_Leyland" title="British Leyland">BL plc</a>) </td> <td colspan="2" style="background-color:#C0C0C0" rowspan="12"><a href="/wiki/Rover_Group" title="Rover Group">Rover Group</a> (<a href="/wiki/British_Aerospace" title="British Aerospace">BAe</a>) </td> <td colspan="3" style="background-color:#C0C0C0" rowspan="12"><a href="/wiki/Rover_Group" title="Rover Group">Rover Group</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/BMW" title="BMW">BMW</a>) </td> <td colspan="13" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/British_Motor_Heritage" title="British Motor Heritage">British Motor Heritage</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> <th><a href="/wiki/Triumph_Motor_Company" title="Triumph Motor Company">Triumph</a> </th> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Dawson_Car_Company" title="Dawson Car Company">Dawson</a> </td> <td colspan="12" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Triumph_Motor_Company" title="Triumph Motor Company">Triumph</a> </td> <td colspan="13" style="background-color:#C0C0C0" rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/BMW" title="BMW">BMW</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> <th><a href="/wiki/Mini_(marque)" title="Mini (marque)">Mini</a> </th> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="4"> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> <th><a href="/wiki/Riley_Motor" title="Riley Motor">Riley</a> </th> <td colspan="19" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Riley_Motor" title="Riley Motor">Riley</a> </td> <td colspan="7" style="background-color:#C0C0C0" rowspan="4"><a href="/wiki/Nuffield_Organization" title="Nuffield Organization">Nuffield Organization</a> </td> <td colspan="7" style="background-color:#C0C0C0" rowspan="6"><a href="/wiki/British_Motor_Corporation" title="British Motor Corporation">BMC</a> </td> <td colspan="1" style="background-color:#C0C0C0" rowspan="6"><a href="/wiki/British_Motor_Holdings" title="British Motor Holdings">BMH</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> <th><a href="/wiki/MG_cars" title="MG cars">MG</a> </th> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="1"> </td> <td colspan="8" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/MG_cars" title="MG cars">Morris Garages (MG)</a> </td> <td colspan="3" style="background-color:#C0C0C0" rowspan="6"><a href="/wiki/MG_Rover_Group" title="MG Rover Group">MG Rover Group</a> (<a href="/wiki/Phoenix_Venture_Holdings" title="Phoenix Venture Holdings">PVH</a>) </td> <td colspan="1" style="background-color:#C0C0C0" rowspan="5"><a href="/wiki/SAIC_Motor" title="SAIC Motor">SAIC</a><br />&<br /><a href="/wiki/Nanjing_Automobile" title="Nanjing Automobile">NAC</a> </td> <td colspan="9" style="background-color:#C0C0C0" rowspan="5"><a href="/wiki/SAIC_Motor" title="SAIC Motor">SAIC</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> <th><a href="/wiki/Morris_Motors" title="Morris Motors">Morris</a> </th> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="1"> </td> <td colspan="12" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Morris_Motors" title="Morris Motors">Morris</a> </td> <td colspan="1" style="background-color:#C0C0C0" rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Morris_Motors" title="Morris Motors">Morris</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> <th><a href="/wiki/Wolseley_Motors" title="Wolseley Motors">Wolseley</a> </th> <td colspan="18" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Wolseley_Motors" title="Wolseley Motors">Wolseley</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> <th><a href="/wiki/Austin_Motor_Company" title="Austin Motor Company">Austin</a> </th> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td colspan="21" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Austin_Motor_Company" title="Austin Motor Company">Austin</a> </td> <td colspan="3" style="background-color:#C0C0C0" rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Austin_Motor_Company" title="Austin Motor Company">Austin</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> <th><a href="/wiki/Vanden_Plas" title="Vanden Plas">Vanden Plas</a> </th> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td colspan="21" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Vanden_Plas" title="Vanden Plas">Vanden Plas</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> <th><a href="/wiki/Rover_(marque)" title="Rover (marque)">Rover</a> </th> <td colspan="1"> </td> <td colspan="22" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Rover_Company" title="Rover Company">Rover Company</a> </td> <td colspan="9" style="background-color:#C0C0C0" rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Rover_Company" title="Rover Company">Rover Company</a> </td> <td colspan="2" style="background-color:#C0C0C0" rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Rover_Company" title="Rover Company">Rover Company</a> </td> <td colspan="1" style="background-color:#C0C0C0" rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Premier_Automotive_Group" title="Premier Automotive Group">PAG</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ford_of_Britain" title="Ford of Britain">Ford</a>) </td> <td colspan="9" style="background-color:#C0C0C0" rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Tata_Motors" title="Tata Motors">Tata</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> <th><a href="/wiki/Land_Rover" title="Land Rover">Land Rover</a> </th> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="3"> </td> <td colspan="3" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Premier_Automotive_Group" title="Premier Automotive Group">PAG</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ford_of_Britain" title="Ford of Britain">Ford</a>) </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> <th><a href="/wiki/Alvis_Car_and_Engineering_Company" title="Alvis Car and Engineering Company">Alvis</a> </th> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="1"> </td> <td colspan="21" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Alvis_Car_and_Engineering_Company" title="Alvis Car and Engineering Company">Alvis</a> </td> <td colspan="13" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/BAE_Systems" title="BAE Systems">BAE Systems</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> <th><a href="/wiki/Jaguar_Cars" title="Jaguar Cars">Jaguar</a> </th> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="1"> </td> <td colspan="12" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/SS_Cars_Ltd" class="mw-redirect" title="SS Cars Ltd">SS Cars</a> </td> <td colspan="7" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Jaguar_Cars" title="Jaguar Cars">Jaguar</a> </td> <td colspan="3" style="background-color:#C0C0C0" rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Jaguar_Cars" title="Jaguar Cars">Jaguar</a><br />&<br /><a href="/wiki/Daimler_Company" title="Daimler Company">Daimler</a> </td> <td colspan="1" style="background-color:#C0C0C0" rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/British_Motor_Holdings" title="British Motor Holdings">BMH</a> </td> <td colspan="4" style="background-color:#C0C0C0" rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Jaguar_Cars" title="Jaguar Cars">Jaguar</a><br />&<br /><a href="/wiki/Daimler_Company" title="Daimler Company">Daimler</a> </td> <td colspan="9" style="background-color:#C0C0C0" rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Premier_Automotive_Group" title="Premier Automotive Group">PAG</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ford_of_Britain" title="Ford of Britain">Ford</a>) </td> <td colspan="9" style="background-color:#C0C0C0" rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Tata_Motors" title="Tata Motors">Tata</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> <th><a href="/wiki/Daimler_Company" title="Daimler Company">Daimler</a> </th> <td colspan="5" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Daimler_Company" title="Daimler Company">Daimler</a> </td> <td colspan="10" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">BSA</a> </td> <td colspan="15" style="background-color:#C0C0C0" rowspan="2"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">BSA</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> <th><a href="/wiki/Lanchester_Motor_Company" title="Lanchester Motor Company">Lanchester</a> </th> <td colspan="15" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Lanchester_Motor_Company" title="Lanchester Motor Company">Lanchester</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> <th><a href="/wiki/Princess_(car)" title="Princess (car)">Princess</a> </th> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="4"> </td> <td colspan="1" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/British_Motor_Corporation" title="British Motor Corporation">BMC</a> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="3"> </td> <td colspan="3" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/British_Leyland" title="British Leyland">BLMC / British Leyland</a> </td> <td colspan="4"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="3"> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> <th><a href="/wiki/Austin-Healey" title="Austin-Healey">Austin-Healey</a> </th> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="1"> </td> <td colspan="10" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Austin_Motor_Company" title="Austin Motor Company">Austin</a> (<a href="/wiki/British_Motor_Corporation" title="British Motor Corporation">BMC</a>) & <a href="/wiki/Donald_Healey" title="Donald Healey">Donald Healey</a> </td> <td colspan="4"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="3"> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> <th><a href="/wiki/Jensen_Motors" title="Jensen Motors">Jensen</a> </th> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="3"> </td> <td colspan="21" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Jensen_Motors" title="Jensen Motors">Jensen Motors</a> </td> <td colspan="5" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Jensen_Motors" title="Jensen Motors">Britcar Holdings</a> </td> <td colspan="9" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Jensen_Motors" title="Jensen Motors">Jensen Cars</a> </td> <td colspan="3"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="3"> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> <th><a href="/wiki/Reliant_Motors" title="Reliant Motors">Reliant</a> </th> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="3"> </td> <td colspan="19" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Reliant_Motors" title="Reliant Motors">Reliant</a> </td> <td colspan="15" rowspan="2" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Reliant_Motors" title="Reliant Motors">Reliant</a> </td> <td colspan="3"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="3"> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> <th><a href="/wiki/Sharp%27s_Commercials" title="Sharp's Commercials">Bond</a> </th> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="4"> </td> <td colspan="13" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Sharp%27s_Commercials" title="Sharp's Commercials">Bond</a> </td> <td colspan="3"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="3"> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> <th><a href="/wiki/AC_Cars" title="AC Cars">AC</a> </th> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td colspan="61" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/AC_Cars" title="AC Cars">AC Cars</a> (several ownership & company name changes) </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> <th><a href="/wiki/Argyll_(car)" title="Argyll (car)">Argyll</a> </th> <td colspan="16" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Argyll_(car)" title="Argyll (car)">Argyll</a> </td> <td colspan="4"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="4"> </td> <td colspan="6" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Argyll_(car)" title="Argyll (car)">Argyll</a> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="3"> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> <th><a href="/wiki/Bristol_Cars" title="Bristol Cars">Bristol Cars</a> </th> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td colspan="41" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Bristol_Cars" title="Bristol Cars">Bristol Cars</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> <th><a href="/wiki/Caterham_Cars" title="Caterham Cars">Caterham</a> </th> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td colspan="26" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Caterham_Cars" title="Caterham Cars">Caterham</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> <th><a href="/wiki/Crossley_Motors" title="Crossley Motors">Crossley</a> </th> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td colspan="16" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Crossley_Motors" title="Crossley Motors">Crossley</a> </td> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="3"> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> <th><a href="/wiki/Dutton_Cars" title="Dutton Cars">Dutton</a> </th> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="9" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Dutton_Cars" title="Dutton Cars">Dutton</a> </td> <td colspan="1"> </td> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td colspan="16" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Dutton_Cars" title="Dutton Cars">Dutton</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> <th><a href="/wiki/Ginetta_Cars" title="Ginetta Cars">Ginetta</a> </th> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="3"> </td> <td colspan="35" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Ginetta_Cars" title="Ginetta Cars">Ginetta</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> <th><a href="/wiki/Gordon-Keeble" title="Gordon-Keeble">Gordon-Keeble</a> </th> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="3"> </td> <td colspan="3" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Peerless_(UK_car)" title="Peerless (UK car)">Peerless & Warwick</a> </td> <td colspan="3" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Gordon-Keeble" title="Gordon-Keeble">Gordon-Keeble</a> </td> <td colspan="1"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="3"> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> <th><a href="/wiki/Jowett_Cars" title="Jowett Cars">Jowett</a> </th> <td colspan="3"> </td> <td colspan="25" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Jowett_Cars" title="Jowett Cars">Jowett</a> </td> <td colspan="3" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Blackburn_Aircraft" title="Blackburn Aircraft">Blackburn</a> </td> <td colspan="4"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="3"> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> <th><a href="/wiki/Lea-Francis" title="Lea-Francis">Lea-Francis</a> </th> <td colspan="1"> </td> <td colspan="31" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Lea-Francis" title="Lea-Francis">Lea-Francis</a> </td> <td colspan="4"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="3"> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> <th><a href="/wiki/Lotus_Cars" title="Lotus Cars">Lotus</a> </th> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="1"> </td> <td colspan="17" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Lotus_Cars" title="Lotus Cars">Lotus</a> </td> <td colspan="5" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/General_Motors_Europe" title="General Motors Europe">General Motors Europe</a> </td> <td colspan="10" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Proton_(carmaker)" class="mw-redirect" title="Proton (carmaker)">Proton</a> </td> <td colspan="5" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Geely" title="Geely">Geely</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> <th><a href="/wiki/McLaren_Automotive" title="McLaren Automotive">McLaren</a> </th> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="4"> </td> <td colspan="19" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/McLaren_Group" title="McLaren Group">McLaren</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> <th><a href="/wiki/Marcos_(automobile)" class="mw-redirect" title="Marcos (automobile)">Marcos</a> </th> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="3"> </td> <td colspan="8" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Marcos_(automobile)" class="mw-redirect" title="Marcos (automobile)">Marcos</a> </td> <td colspan="3"> </td> <td colspan="11" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Marcos_(automobile)" class="mw-redirect" title="Marcos (automobile)">Marcos</a> </td> <td colspan="1"> </td> <td colspan="3" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Marcos_(automobile)" class="mw-redirect" title="Marcos (automobile)">Marcos</a> </td> <td colspan="1"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="3"> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> <th><a href="/wiki/Morgan_Motor_Company" title="Morgan Motor Company">Morgan</a> </th> <td colspan="4"> </td> <td colspan="59" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Morgan_Motor_Company" title="Morgan Motor Company">Morgan</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> <th><a href="/wiki/D._Napier_%26_Son" title="D. Napier & Son">Napier</a> </th> <td colspan="12" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/D._Napier_%26_Son" title="D. Napier & Son">Napier</a> </td> <td colspan="3"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="3"> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> <th><a href="/wiki/Turner_Sports_Cars" title="Turner Sports Cars">Turner</a> </th> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="1"> </td> <td colspan="7" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Turner_Sports_Cars" title="Turner Sports Cars">Turner</a> </td> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="3"> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> <th><a href="/wiki/TVR" title="TVR">TVR</a> </th> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="3"> </td> <td colspan="40" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/TVR" title="TVR">TVR</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> <th><a href="/wiki/Westfield_Sportscars" title="Westfield Sportscars">Westfield</a> </th> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="1"> </td> <td colspan="12" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Westfield_Sportscars" title="Westfield Sportscars">Westfield</a> </td> <td colspan="10" style="background-color:#C0C0C0" rowspan="2"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Potenza_Sports_Cars&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Potenza Sports Cars (page does not exist)">Potenza Sports Cars</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> <th><a href="/wiki/GTM_Cars" title="GTM Cars">GTM</a> </th> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="3"> </td> <td colspan="20" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/GTM_Cars" title="GTM Cars">GTM</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> <th><a href="/wiki/Vulcan_(motor_vehicles)" title="Vulcan (motor vehicles)">Vulcan</a> </th> <td colspan="1"> </td> <td colspan="13" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Vulcan_(motor_vehicles)" title="Vulcan (motor vehicles)">Vulcan</a> </td> <td colspan="1"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="3"> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> <th><a href="/wiki/Vauxhall_Motors" title="Vauxhall Motors">Vauxhall</a> </th> <td colspan="1"> </td> <td colspan="10" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Vauxhall_Motors" title="Vauxhall Motors">Vauxhall Motors</a> </td> <td colspan="32" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/General_Motors" title="General Motors">General Motors</a> </td> <td colspan="12" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/General_Motors_Europe" title="General Motors Europe">General Motors Europe</a> </td> <td colspan="3" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Opel" title="Opel">Opel</a> </td> <td colspan="3" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Peugeot" title="Peugeot">Peugeot</a> (<a href="/wiki/PSA_Group" title="PSA Group">PSA</a>) </td> <td colspan="2" style="background-color:#C0C0C0" rowspan="6"><a href="/wiki/Stellantis" title="Stellantis">Stellantis</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> <th><a href="/wiki/Hillman" title="Hillman">Hillman</a> </th> <td colspan="3"> </td> <td colspan="10" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Hillman" title="Hillman">Hillman</a> </td> <td colspan="4" style="background-color:#C0C0C0" rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Humber_Limited" title="Humber Limited">Humber</a> </td> <td colspan="17" style="background-color:#C0C0C0" rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Rootes_Group" title="Rootes Group">Rootes</a> </td> <td colspan="5" style="background-color:#C0C0C0" rowspan="5"><a href="/wiki/Chrysler_Europe" title="Chrysler Europe">Chrysler Europe</a> (<a href="/wiki/Chrysler" title="Chrysler">Chrysler</a>) </td> <td colspan="22" style="background-color:#C0C0C0" rowspan="5"><a href="/wiki/Peugeot" title="Peugeot">Peugeot</a> (<a href="/wiki/PSA_Group" title="PSA Group">PSA</a>) </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> <th><a href="/wiki/Humber_Limited" title="Humber Limited">Humber</a> </th> <td colspan="13" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Humber_Limited" title="Humber Limited">Humber</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> <th><a href="/wiki/Sunbeam_Motor_Car_Company" title="Sunbeam Motor Car Company">Sunbeam</a> </th> <td colspan="10" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Sunbeam_Motor_Car_Company" title="Sunbeam Motor Car Company">Sunbeam</a> </td> <td colspan="7" style="background-color:#C0C0C0" rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Darracq_and_Company_London#S.T.D._Motors" title="Darracq and Company London">S.T.D. Motors</a> </td> <td colspan="3" style="background-color:#C0C0C0" rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Rootes_Group" title="Rootes Group">Rootes</a> </td> <td colspan="7" style="background-color:#C0C0C0" rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Sunbeam-Talbot" title="Sunbeam-Talbot">Sunbeam-Talbot</a> (<a href="/wiki/Rootes_Group" title="Rootes Group">Rootes</a>) </td> <td colspan="7" style="background-color:#C0C0C0" rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Rootes_Group" title="Rootes Group">Rootes</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> <th><a href="/wiki/Talbot_(automobile)" class="mw-redirect" title="Talbot (automobile)">Talbot</a> </th> <td colspan="1"> </td> <td colspan="9" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Talbot_(automobile)" class="mw-redirect" title="Talbot (automobile)">Talbot</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> <th><a href="/wiki/Singer_Motors" title="Singer Motors">Singer</a> </th> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td colspan="26" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Singer_Motors" title="Singer Motors">Singer</a> </td> <td colspan="6" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Rootes_Group" title="Rootes Group">Rootes</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:lavender"> <th rowspan="2">Marque </th> <td>0</td> <td>2</td> <td>4</td> <td>6</td> <td>8</td> <td>0</td> <td>2</td> <td>4</td> <td>6</td> <td>8 </td> <td>0</td> <td>2</td> <td>4</td> <td>6</td> <td>8</td> <td>0</td> <td>2</td> <td>4</td> <td>6</td> <td>8 </td> <td>0</td> <td>2</td> <td>4</td> <td>6</td> <td>8</td> <td>0</td> <td>2</td> <td>4</td> <td>6</td> <td>8 </td> <td>0</td> <td>2</td> <td>4</td> <td>6</td> <td>8</td> <td>0</td> <td>2</td> <td>4</td> <td>6</td> <td>8 </td> <td>0</td> <td>2</td> <td>4</td> <td>6</td> <td>8</td> <td>0</td> <td>2</td> <td>4</td> <td>6</td> <td>8 </td> <td>0</td> <td>2</td> <td>4</td> <td>6</td> <td>8</td> <td>0</td> <td>2</td> <td>4</td> <td>6</td> <td>8 </td> <td>0</td> <td>2</td> <td>4 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center"> <th colspan="5">1900s </th> <th colspan="5">1910s </th> <th colspan="5">1920s </th> <th colspan="5">1930s </th> <th colspan="5">1940s </th> <th colspan="5">1950s </th> <th colspan="5">1960s </th> <th colspan="5">1970s </th> <th colspan="5">1980s </th> <th colspan="5">1990s </th> <th colspan="5">2000s </th> <th colspan="5">2010s </th> <th colspan="3">2020s </th></tr></tbody></table> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="TI_Group" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:TI_Group" title="Template:TI Group"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:TI_Group" title="Template talk:TI Group"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:TI_Group" title="Special:EditPage/Template:TI Group"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="TI_Group" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/TI_Group" title="TI Group">TI Group</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Subsidiaries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Accles_%26_Pollock" title="Accles & Pollock">Accles & Pollock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Herbert_(company)" title="Alfred Herbert (company)">Alfred Herbert Ltd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brooks_England" title="Brooks England">Brooks England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlton_Cycles" title="Carlton Cycles">Carlton Cycles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dowty_Group" title="Dowty Group">Dowty Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hercules_Cycle_and_Motor_Company" title="Hercules Cycle and Motor Company">Hercules Cycle and Motor Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norman_Cycles" title="Norman Cycles">Norman Cycles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phillips_Cycles" title="Phillips Cycles">Phillips Cycles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raleigh_Bicycle_Company" title="Raleigh Bicycle Company">Raleigh Bicycle Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reynolds_Technology" title="Reynolds Technology">Reynolds Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudge-Whitworth" title="Rudge-Whitworth">Rudge-Whitworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russell_Hobbs" title="Russell Hobbs">Russell Hobbs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sturmey-Archer" title="Sturmey-Archer">Sturmey-Archer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sun_(motorcycle)" title="Sun (motorcycle)">Sun Cycles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swallow_Sidecar_Company" title="Swallow Sidecar Company">Swallow Sidecar Company</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ivan_Stedeford" title="Ivan Stedeford">Ivan Stedeford</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related articles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Smiths_Group" title="Smiths Group">Smiths Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TI_Fluid_Systems" title="TI Fluid Systems">TI Fluid Systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tube_Investments_of_India_Limited" title="Tube Investments of India Limited">Tube Investments of India Limited</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="British_bicycle_manufacturers" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:British_bicycle_manufacturers" title="Template:British bicycle manufacturers"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:British_bicycle_manufacturers" title="Template talk:British bicycle manufacturers"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:British_bicycle_manufacturers" title="Special:EditPage/Template:British bicycle manufacturers"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="British_bicycle_manufacturers" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">British <a href="/wiki/Bicycle" title="Bicycle">bicycle</a> manufacturers</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/A-bike" title="A-bike">A-bike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bickerton_(bicycle)" title="Bickerton (bicycle)">Bickerton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boardman_Bikes" title="Boardman Bikes">Boardman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bootie_(bicycle)" title="Bootie (bicycle)">Bootie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Eagle_(bicycle_company)" title="British Eagle (bicycle company)">British Eagle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brompton_Bicycle" title="Brompton Bicycle">Brompton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Campion_Cycle_Company" title="Campion Cycle Company">Campion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Condor_Cycles" title="Condor Cycles">Condor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dawes_Cycles" title="Dawes Cycles">Dawes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defiance_Cycle_Company" title="Defiance Cycle Company">Defiance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolan_Bikes" title="Dolan Bikes">Dolan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falcon_Cycles" title="Falcon Cycles">Falcon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genesis_(bicycle_company)" title="Genesis (bicycle company)">Genesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halfords" title="Halfords">Halfords</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hetchins" title="Hetchins">Hetchins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holdsworth" title="Holdsworth">Holdsworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islabikes" title="Islabikes">Islabikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lotus_Cars" title="Lotus Cars">Lotus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercian_Cycles" title="Mercian Cycles">Mercian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moulton_Bicycle" title="Moulton Bicycle">Moulton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muddyfox" title="Muddyfox">Muddyfox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paper_Bicycle" title="Paper Bicycle">Paper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pashley_Cycles" title="Pashley Cycles">Pashley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedersen_bicycle" title="Pedersen bicycle">Pedersen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phillips_Cycles" title="Phillips Cycles">Phillips</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planet_X_Limited" title="Planet X Limited">Planet X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raleigh_Bicycle_Company" title="Raleigh Bicycle Company">Raleigh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reynolds_Technology" title="Reynolds Technology">Reynolds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ridgeback_(brand)" title="Ridgeback (brand)">Ridgeback</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robin_Hood_(bicycle_company)" title="Robin Hood (bicycle company)">Robin Hood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saracen_Cycles" title="Saracen Cycles">Saracen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strida" title="Strida">Strida</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Temple_Cycles&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Temple Cycles (page does not exist)">Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TI_Group" title="TI Group">TI Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whyte_Bikes" title="Whyte Bikes">Whyte</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Defunct</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ariel_Motorcycles" title="Ariel Motorcycles">Ariel</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">BSA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlton_Cycles" title="Carlton Cycles">Carlton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claud_Butler" title="Claud Butler">Claud Butler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chater-Lea" title="Chater-Lea">Chater-Lea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coventry-Eagle" title="Coventry-Eagle">Coventry-Eagle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coventry_Premier" title="Coventry Premier">Coventry Premier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ellis_Briggs" title="Ellis Briggs">Ellis Briggs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elswick_Hopper" title="Elswick Hopper">Elswick Hopper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flying_Scot_(bicycles)" title="Flying Scot (bicycles)">Flying Scot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evans_Cycles" title="Evans Cycles">F.W. Evans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freddie_Grubb" title="Freddie Grubb">Freddie Grubb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Quinn" title="Harry Quinn">Harry Quinn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hercules_Cycle_and_Motor_Company" title="Hercules Cycle and Motor Company">Hercules</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humber_cycles" title="Humber cycles">Humber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norman_Cycles" title="Norman Cycles">Norman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perry_(car)" title="Perry (car)">Perry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roberts_Cycles" title="Roberts Cycles">Roberts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rover_(motorcycles)" title="Rover (motorcycles)">Rover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Enfield" title="Royal Enfield">Royal Enfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudge-Whitworth" title="Rudge-Whitworth">Rudge-Whitworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sun_(motorcycle)" title="Sun (motorcycle)">Sun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunbeam_Cycles" title="Sunbeam Cycles">Sunbeam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triumph_Cycle" title="Triumph Cycle">Triumph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uppadine_Cycles" title="Uppadine Cycles">Uppadine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viking_Cycle_Company" title="Viking Cycle Company">Viking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Witcomb_Cycles" title="Witcomb Cycles">Witcomb</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Components</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brooks_England" title="Brooks England">Brooks England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dunlop_Tyres" title="Dunlop Tyres">Dunlop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hope_Technology" title="Hope Technology">Hope Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middlemores_Saddles" title="Middlemores Saddles">Middlemores Saddles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sturmey-Archer" title="Sturmey-Archer">Sturmey-Archer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="BSA_motorcycles" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:BSA_motorcycles" title="Template:BSA motorcycles"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:BSA_motorcycles" title="Template talk:BSA motorcycles"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:BSA_motorcycles" title="Special:EditPage/Template:BSA motorcycles"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="BSA_motorcycles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/BSA_motorcycles" title="BSA motorcycles">BSA motorcycles</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Post-war<br />motorcycles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">750 cc</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BSA_A70_Lightning" class="mw-redirect" title="BSA A70 Lightning">A70 Lightning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BSA_Rocket_3/Triumph_Trident" title="BSA Rocket 3/Triumph Trident">A75 Rocket 3</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">650 cc</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BSA_A10_series" title="BSA A10 series">A10 series</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BSA_Golden_Flash" title="BSA Golden Flash">A10 Golden Flash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BSA_Road_Rocket" title="BSA Road Rocket">A10 Road Rocket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BSA_Rocket_Gold_Star" title="BSA Rocket Gold Star">A10 Rocket Gold Star</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BSA_Spitfire_Scrambler" class="mw-redirect" title="BSA Spitfire Scrambler">A10 Spitfire Scrambler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BSA_Super_Flash" class="mw-redirect" title="BSA Super Flash">A10 Super Flash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BSA_Super_Rocket" title="BSA Super Rocket">A10 Super Rocket</a></li> <li>A65 Firebird Scrambler</li> <li><a href="/wiki/BSA_Hornet" title="BSA Hornet">A65 Hornet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BSA_Lightning" title="BSA Lightning">A65 Lightning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BSA_Lightning_Clubman" title="BSA Lightning Clubman">A65 Lightning Clubman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BSA_Lightning_Rocket" title="BSA Lightning Rocket">A65 Lightning Rocket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BSA_Spitfire" title="BSA Spitfire">A65 Spitfire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BSA_Spitfire_Hornet" class="mw-redirect" title="BSA Spitfire Hornet">A65 Spitfire Hornet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BSA_A65_Rocket" title="BSA A65 Rocket">A65 Rocket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BSA_A65_Star" title="BSA A65 Star">A65 Star</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BSA_Thunderbolt" title="BSA Thunderbolt">A65 Thunderbolt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BSA_T65_Thunderbolt" class="mw-redirect" title="BSA T65 Thunderbolt">T65 Thunderbolt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BSA_unit_twins" title="BSA unit twins">Unit twins</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">500 cc</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BSA_A7" title="BSA A7">A7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BSA_A7#A7S_Star_Twin" title="BSA A7">A7S Star Twin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BSA_A7#A7SS_Shooting_Star" title="BSA A7">A7SS Shooting Star</a></li> <li>A50 Cyclone</li> <li><a href="/wiki/BSA_A50_Royal_Star" title="BSA A50 Royal Star">A50 Royal Star</a></li> <li>A50 Wasp</li> <li><a href="/wiki/BSA_B31" class="mw-redirect" title="BSA B31">B33</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BSA_B50#B50MX_(Moto_Cross)" title="BSA B50">B50MX Moto Cross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BSA_B50#B50SS_(Gold_Star)" title="BSA B50">B50SS Gold Star</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BSA_B50#B50T_(Victor_Trail)" title="BSA B50">B50T Victor Trail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BSA_Gold_Star#1953_BB34_and_BB32" title="BSA Gold Star">BB34 Gold Star</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BSA_Gold_Star#1954_CB34_and_CB32" title="BSA Gold Star">CB34 Gold Star</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BSA_Gold_Star#1955_DB32_and_DB34" title="BSA Gold Star">DB34 Gold Star</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BSA_Gold_Star#1956_DBD34" title="BSA Gold Star">DBD34 Gold Star</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BSA_Gold_Star_Catalina" class="mw-redirect" title="BSA Gold Star Catalina">Gold Star Catalina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BSA_M20" title="BSA M20">M20</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BSA_unit_twins" title="BSA unit twins">Unit twins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BSA_Gold_Star#1949_ZB32_and_ZB34" title="BSA Gold Star">ZB34 Gold Star</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">441 cc</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BSA_B44" title="BSA B44">B 44</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BSA_B44_Shooting_Star" title="BSA B44 Shooting Star">B44 Shooting Star</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BSA_B44#B44VE_Victor_Enduro/B44VS_Victor_Special" title="BSA B44">B44 Victor Enduro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BSA_B44#B44_Victor_GP" title="BSA B44">B44 Victor GP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BSA_B44_Shooting_Star" title="BSA B44 Shooting Star">B44 Victor Roadster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BSA_B44#B44VE_Victor_Enduro/B44VS_Victor_Special" title="BSA B44">B44 Victor Special</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">350 cc</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BSA_B31" class="mw-redirect" title="BSA B31">B31</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BSA_B40" title="BSA B40">B40 Star</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BSA_B40" title="BSA B40">B40 Sportsman SS90</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BSA_B40" title="BSA B40">B40 WD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BSA_Gold_Star#1953_BB34_and_BB32" title="BSA Gold Star">BB32 Gold Star</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BSA_Gold_Star#1954_CB34_and_CB32" title="BSA Gold Star">CB32 Gold Star</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BSA_Gold_Star#1955_DB32_and_DB34" title="BSA Gold Star">DB32 Gold Star</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BSA_Fury" title="BSA Fury">Fury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BSA_Gold_Star#1949_ZB32_and_ZB34" title="BSA Gold Star">ZB32 Gold Star</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">250 cc</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BSA_Fleetstar" class="mw-redirect" title="BSA Fleetstar">B25FS Fleetstar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BSA_Starfire" class="mw-redirect" title="BSA Starfire">B25 Starfire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BSA_Gold_Star_250" class="mw-redirect" title="BSA Gold Star 250">B25SS Gold Star 250</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BSA_Victor_Trail_250" class="mw-redirect" title="BSA Victor Trail 250">B25T Victor Trail 250</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BSA_C11" title="BSA C11">C11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BSA_C12" title="BSA C12">C12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BSA_C15" title="BSA C15">C15 Star</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BSA_C15#BSA_C15_'Sportsman'_(SS80)" title="BSA C15">BSA C15 Sportsman SS80</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BSA_C15#BSA_C15_Starfire" title="BSA C15">C15 Starfire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BSA_Barracuda" class="mw-redirect" title="BSA Barracuda">C25 Barracuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triumph_Tigress/BSA_Sunbeam" title="Triumph Tigress/BSA Sunbeam">Sunbeam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Two<br />stroke</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BSA_Bantam" title="BSA Bantam">Bantam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triumph_Tigress/BSA_Sunbeam" title="Triumph Tigress/BSA Sunbeam">Sunbeam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pre-war<br />motorcycles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="770_cc" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">770 cc</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BSA_Model_E" title="BSA Model E">Model E</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">600 cc</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BSA_M33-10" title="BSA M33-10">M33-10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BSA_M33-10" title="BSA M33-10">M34-12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BSA_M33-10" title="BSA M33-10">M34-13</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">500 cc</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BSA_M20" title="BSA M20">M20</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BSA_Empire_Star" title="BSA Empire Star">Q8 Empire Star</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BSA_Sloper" title="BSA Sloper">Sloper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BSA_W33-7" title="BSA W33-7">W33-7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BSA_Blue_Star" title="BSA Blue Star">W33-8 Blue Star</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">350 cc</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BSA_Model_L" title="BSA Model L">Model L</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BSA_Empire_Star" title="BSA Empire Star">R5 Empire Star</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BSA_Blue_Star" title="BSA Blue Star">R33-5 Blue Star</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">250 cc</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BSA_B21" title="BSA B21">B21</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BSA_Empire_Star" title="BSA Empire Star">B22 Empire Star</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BSA_Blue_Star" title="BSA Blue Star">B33-3 Blue Star</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BSA_C11" title="BSA C11">C11</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Designers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Doug_Hele" title="Doug Hele">Doug Hele</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Garside" title="David Garside">David Garside</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bert_Hopwood" title="Bert Hopwood">Bert Hopwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Val_Page" title="Val Page">Val Page</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Turner_(motorcycle_designer)" title="Edward Turner (motorcycle designer)">Edward Turner</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BSA_Company" title="BSA Company">BSA Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BSA_motorcycles" title="BSA motorcycles">BSA motorcycles</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Birmingham Small Arms Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_BSA_motorcycles" title="List of BSA motorcycles">List of BSA motorcycles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norton_Villiers_Triumph" title="Norton Villiers Triumph">Norton Villiers Triumph</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" 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