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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ligações_externas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Ligações externas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ligações_externas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Conteúdo" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Alternar o índice" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Alternar o índice</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Robert Curl</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Ir para um artigo noutra língua. Disponível em 53 línguas" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-53" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">53 línguas</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AA_%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%84" title="روبرت كيرل — árabe" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="روبرت كيرل" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="árabe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AA_%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%84" title="روبرت كيرل — Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="روبرت كيرل" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Kerl" title="Robert Kerl — azerbaijano" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Robert Kerl" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaijano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AA_%DA%A9%D8%B1%D9%84" title="رابرت کرل — South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="رابرت کرل" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82_%D0%9A%D1%91%D1%80%D0%BB" title="Роберт Кёрл — bielorrusso" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Роберт Кёрл" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="bielorrusso" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%8A%D1%80%D1%82_%D0%9A%D1%8A%D1%80%D0%BB" title="Робърт Кърл — búlgaro" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Робърт Кърл" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="búlgaro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F_%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B2" title="রবার্ট কার্ল — bengalês" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="রবার্ট কার্ল" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Curl" title="Robert Curl — catalão" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Robert Curl" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalão" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Curl" title="Robert Curl — checo" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Robert Curl" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="checo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Curl" title="Robert Curl — dinamarquês" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Robert Curl" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="dinamarquês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_F._Curl" title="Robert F. Curl — alemão" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Robert F. Curl" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="alemão" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Curl" title="Robert Curl — inglês" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Robert Curl" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Curl" title="Robert Curl — esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Robert Curl" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_F._Curl" title="Robert F. Curl — espanhol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Robert F. Curl" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espanhol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Curl" title="Robert Curl — basco" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Robert Curl" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AA_%DA%A9%D8%B1%D9%84" title="رابرت کرل — persa" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="رابرت کرل" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Curl" title="Robert Curl — finlandês" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Robert Curl" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Curl" title="Robert Curl — francês" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Robert Curl" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Curl" title="Robert Curl — irlandês" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Robert Curl" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Curl" title="Robert Curl — gaélico escocês" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Robert Curl" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="gaélico escocês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Curl" title="Robert Curl — galego" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Robert Curl" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galego" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Curl" title="Robert Curl — hacá" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Robert Curl" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="hacá" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%98_%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%9C" title="רוברט קורל — hebraico" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="רוברט קורל" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebraico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Curl" title="Robert Curl — húngaro" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Robert Curl" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="húngaro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Floyd_Curl" title="Robert Floyd Curl — indonésio" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Robert Floyd Curl" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonésio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Curl" title="Robert Curl — ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Robert Curl" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Curl" title="Robert Curl — italiano" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Robert Curl" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%AD%E3%83%90%E3%83%BC%E3%83%88%E3%83%BB%E3%82%AB%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AB" title="ロバート・カール — japonês" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ロバート・カール" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A1%9C%EB%B2%84%ED%8A%B8_%EC%BB%AC" title="로버트 컬 — coreano" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="로버트 컬" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_F._Curl_Jr." title="Robert F. Curl Jr. — lituano" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Robert F. Curl Jr." data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Curl" title="Robert Curl — malaio" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Robert Curl" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malaio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AA_%DA%A9%D8%B1%D9%84" title="رابرت کرل — mazandarani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="رابرت کرل" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="mazandarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Floyd_Curl" title="Robert Floyd Curl — baixo-alemão" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Robert Floyd Curl" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="baixo-alemão" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Curl" title="Robert Curl — neerlandês" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Robert Curl" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="neerlandês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Curl" title="Robert Curl — norueguês bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Robert Curl" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norueguês bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Curl" title="Robert Curl — occitano" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Robert Curl" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Curl" title="Robert Curl — polaco" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Robert Curl" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polaco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%B9_%DA%A9%D8%B1%D9%84" title="رابرٹ کرل — Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="رابرٹ کرل" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Curl" title="Robert Curl — romeno" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Robert Curl" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="romeno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%91%D1%80%D0%BB,_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82" title="Кёрл, Роберт — russo" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Кёрл, Роберт" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Curl" title="Robert Curl — Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Robert Curl" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Curl" title="Robert Curl — eslovaco" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Robert Curl" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="eslovaco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Curl" title="Robert Curl — inari sami" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Robert Curl" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="inari sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Curl" title="Robert Curl — sueco" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Robert Curl" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="sueco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Curl" title="Robert Curl — suaíli" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Robert Curl" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="suaíli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Curl" title="Robert Curl — turco" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Robert Curl" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82_%D0%9A%D3%A9%D1%80%D0%BB" title="Роберт Көрл — tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Роберт Көрл" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82_%D0%9A%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BB" title="Роберт Керл — ucraniano" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Роберт Керл" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraniano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%B9_%DA%A9%D8%B1%D9%84" title="رابرٹ کرل — urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="رابرٹ کرل" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Curl" title="Robert Curl — vietnamita" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Robert Curl" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamita" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Curl" title="Robert Curl — volapuque" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Robert Curl" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="volapuque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Curl" title="Robert Curl — ioruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Robert Curl" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="ioruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E4%BC%AF%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E6%9F%AF%E5%B0%94" title="罗伯特·柯尔 — chinês" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="罗伯特·柯尔" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chinês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> 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href="/wiki/Especial:P%C3%A1ginas_afluentes/Robert_Curl" title="Lista de todas as páginas que contêm hiperligações para esta [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Páginas afluentes</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Altera%C3%A7%C3%B5es_relacionadas/Robert_Curl" rel="nofollow" title="Mudanças recentes nas páginas para as quais esta contém hiperligações [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Alterações relacionadas</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Carregar_ficheiro" title="Carregar ficheiros [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Carregar ficheiro</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:P%C3%A1ginas_especiais" title="Lista de páginas especiais [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Páginas especiais</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Curl&oldid=65321477" title="Hiperligação permanente para esta revisão desta página"><span>Hiperligação permanente</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Curl&action=info" title="Mais informações sobre esta página"><span>Informações da página</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Citar&page=Robert_Curl&id=65321477&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informação sobre como citar esta página"><span>Citar esta página</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FRobert_Curl"><span>Obter URL encurtado</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FRobert_Curl"><span>Descarregar código QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Imprimir/exportar </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Livro&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Robert+Curl"><span>Criar um livro</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:DownloadAsPdf&page=Robert_Curl&action=show-download-screen"><span>Descarregar como PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Curl&printable=yes" title="Versão para impressão desta página [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Versão para impressão</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Noutros projetos </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Robert_Curl" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q110930" title="Hiperligação para o elemento do repositório de dados [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Elemento Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Ferramentas de página"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Aspeto"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Aspeto</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">mover para a barra lateral</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">ocultar</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Origem: Wikipédia, a enciclopédia livre.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="pt" dir="ltr"><table class="infobox infobox_v2" cellpadding="3" border="0" style="width: 270px; font-size: 88%;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" class="topo padrao" style="text-align:center; font-size:large; background-color:gainsboro; border-radius: 3px 3px 0 0;"><span class=""><span style="color:blue;">Robert Curl</span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Pr%C3%A9mio_Nobel" title="Medalha Nobel"><img alt="Medalha Nobel" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Nobel_prize_medal.svg/20px-Nobel_prize_medal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Nobel_prize_medal.svg/30px-Nobel_prize_medal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Nobel_prize_medal.svg/40px-Nobel_prize_medal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="150" data-file-height="150" /></a></span></span> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><div style="padding-bottom: 5px;"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Robert_Curl_crop_2009_CHAO.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Robert Curl"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Robert_Curl_crop_2009_CHAO.jpg/200px-Robert_Curl_crop_2009_CHAO.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="221" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Robert_Curl_crop_2009_CHAO.jpg/300px-Robert_Curl_crop_2009_CHAO.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Robert_Curl_crop_2009_CHAO.jpg/400px-Robert_Curl_crop_2009_CHAO.jpg 2x" data-file-width="611" data-file-height="675" /></a><figcaption>Robert Curl</figcaption></figure></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Fulereno" title="Fulereno">Fulereno</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; font-weight:bold;">Nascimento </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;"><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/23_de_agosto#Nascimentos" title="23 de agosto">23 de agosto</a> de <a href="/wiki/1933" title="1933">1933</a> (91 anos)</span><br /><span class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Alice_(Texas)" title="Alice (Texas)">Alice</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; font-weight:bold;">Morte </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;">3 de julho de 2022 (<span style="white-space:nowrap">88 anos</span>)<br /><span class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/Houston" title="Houston">Houston</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; font-weight:bold;">Nacionalidade </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Povo_dos_Estados_Unidos" title="Povo dos Estados Unidos">estadunidense</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; font-weight:bold;">Cidadania </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;">Estados Unidos </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; font-weight:bold;"><i><a href="/wiki/Alma_mater" title="Alma mater">Alma mater</a></i> </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;"><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Universidade_Rice" title="Universidade Rice">Universidade Rice</a></span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Universidade_da_Calif%C3%B3rnia_em_Berkeley" title="Universidade da Califórnia em Berkeley">Universidade da Califórnia em Berkeley</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; font-weight:bold;">Ocupação </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Qu%C3%ADmico" title="Químico">químico</a>, <a href="/wiki/Professor_universit%C3%A1rio" class="mw-redirect" title="Professor universitário">professor universitário</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; font-weight:bold;">Distinções </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;"><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Nobel_de_Qu%C3%ADmica" class="mw-redirect" title="Nobel de Química">Nobel de Química</a> (1996)</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; font-weight:bold;">Empregador(a) </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Universidade_Rice" title="Universidade Rice">Universidade Rice</a>, <a href="/wiki/Universidade_Harvard" title="Universidade Harvard">Universidade Harvard</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; font-weight:bold;">Instituições </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;"><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Universidade_Rice" title="Universidade Rice">Universidade Rice</a></span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Universidade_Harvard" title="Universidade Harvard">Universidade Harvard</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; font-weight:bold;">Campo(s) </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Qu%C3%ADmica" title="Química">química</a>, <a href="/wiki/Qu%C3%ADmica_org%C3%A2nica" title="Química orgânica">química orgânica</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center; background-color:gainsboro"><div style="text-align: right;">[<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q110930" class="extiw" title="d:Q110930">edite no Wikidata</a>]</div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><b>Robert Floyd Curl, Jr.</b> (<a href="/wiki/Alice_(Texas)" title="Alice (Texas)">Alice</a>, <a href="/wiki/23_de_agosto" title="23 de agosto">23 de agosto</a> de <a href="/wiki/1933" title="1933">1933</a> - <a href="/wiki/3_de_julho" title="3 de julho">3 de julho</a> de <a href="/wiki/2022" title="2022">2022</a>) foi um <a href="/wiki/Qu%C3%ADmico" title="Químico">químico</a> <a href="/wiki/Povo_dos_Estados_Unidos" title="Povo dos Estados Unidos">estadunidense</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span>[</span>1<span>]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Conjuntamente com <a href="/wiki/Harold_Kroto" title="Harold Kroto">Harold Kroto</a> e <a href="/wiki/Richard_Smalley" title="Richard Smalley">Richard Smalley</a>, foi agraciado com o <a href="/wiki/Nobel_de_Qu%C3%ADmica" class="mw-redirect" title="Nobel de Química">Nobel de Química</a> de 1996 pela sua descoberta dos <a href="/wiki/Fulerenos" class="mw-redirect" title="Fulerenos">fulerenos</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span>[</span>2<span>]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Mediante experiências com <a href="/wiki/Laser" title="Laser">laser</a> com <a href="/wiki/Grafite" title="Grafite">grafite</a> a mais de 104 °C, descobriu a <a href="/wiki/Alotropia" title="Alotropia">alotropia</a> do <a href="/wiki/Carbono" title="Carbono">carbono</a>, em 1996. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Carreira_científica"><span id="Carreira_cient.C3.ADfica"></span>Carreira científica</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Curl&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Editar secção: Carreira científica" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Curl&action=edit&section=1" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Carreira científica"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Curl foi bolsista de pós-doutorado na <a href="/wiki/Universidade_de_Harvard" class="mw-redirect" title="Universidade de Harvard">Universidade de Harvard</a> com <a href="/wiki/Edgar_Bright_Wilson" title="Edgar Bright Wilson">E. B. Wilson</a>, onde usou a espectroscopia de <a href="/wiki/Micro-ondas" title="Micro-ondas">microondas</a> para estudar as barreiras de rotação das moléculas.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span>[</span>3<span>]</span></a></sup> Depois disso, ingressou no corpo docente da <a href="/wiki/Rice_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Rice University">Rice University</a> em 1958. Herdou o equipamento e os alunos de pós-graduação de George Bird, um professor que estava saindo para trabalhar na <a href="/wiki/Polaroide" class="mw-redirect" title="Polaroide">Polaroid</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span>[</span>4<span>]</span></a></sup> A pesquisa inicial de Curl envolveu a <a href="/wiki/Espectroscopia" title="Espectroscopia">espectroscopia</a> de <a href="/wiki/Micro-ondas" title="Micro-ondas">micro-ondas</a> do <a href="/wiki/Di%C3%B3xido_de_cloro" title="Dióxido de cloro">dióxido de cloro</a>. Seu programa de pesquisa incluiu experimentos e teoria, principalmente focado na detecção e análise de radicais livres usando espectroscopia de <a href="/wiki/Micro-ondas" title="Micro-ondas">microondas</a> e lasers sintonizáveis. Ele usou essas observações para desenvolver a teoria de sua estrutura fina e estrutura hiperfina, bem como informações sobre sua estrutura e a cinética de suas reações.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-5"><span>[</span>5<span>]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pesquisa_posterior">Pesquisa posterior</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Curl&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Editar secção: Pesquisa posterior" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Curl&action=edit&section=2" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Pesquisa posterior"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Os interesses de pesquisa posteriores de Curl envolveram a <a href="/wiki/Qu%C3%ADmica_f%C3%ADsica" class="mw-redirect" title="Química física">química física</a>, o desenvolvimento de instrumentação de genotipagem e sequenciamento de <a href="/wiki/DNA" class="mw-redirect" title="DNA">DNA</a> e a criação de sensores fotoacústicos para gases traços usando lasers de cascata quântica.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span>[</span>6<span>]</span></a></sup> Ele é conhecido na vida universitária residencial na <a href="/wiki/Rice_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Rice University">Universidade Rice</a> por ser o primeiro mestre do Lovett College.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span>[</span>7<span>]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Curl se aposentou em 2008 aos 74 anos,<sup id="cite_ref-:22_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:22-8"><span>[</span>8<span>]</span></a></sup> tornando-se Professor Universitário Emérito, Professor Emérito Pitzer-Schlumberger de Ciências Naturais e Professor Emérito de Química na <a href="/wiki/Universidade_Rice" title="Universidade Rice">Universidade Rice</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Prêmios_e_honrarias"><span id="Pr.C3.AAmios_e_honrarias"></span>Prêmios e honrarias</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Curl&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Editar secção: Prêmios e honrarias" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Curl&action=edit&section=3" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Prêmios e honrarias"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pr%C3%AAmio_James_C._McGroddy_para_Novos_Materiais" title="Prêmio James C. McGroddy para Novos Materiais">Prêmio James C. McGroddy para Novos Materiais</a> 1992</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nobel_de_Qu%C3%ADmica" class="mw-redirect" title="Nobel de Química">Nobel de Química</a> 1996</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Publicações_selecionadas"><span id="Publica.C3.A7.C3.B5es_selecionadas"></span>Publicações selecionadas</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Curl&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Editar secção: Publicações selecionadas" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Curl&action=edit&section=4" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Publicações selecionadas"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r60995074">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{list-style-type:none;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>dl>dd{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-100{font-size:100%}</style><div class="refbegin reflist" style=""> <p><b>Artigos do jornal</b>: </p> <ul><li><cite class="citation journal">Curl, Robert (1997). «Dawn of the fullerenes: experiment and conjecture». <i><a href="/wiki/Reviews_of_Modern_Physics" title="Reviews of Modern Physics">Reviews of Modern Physics</a></i>. <b>69</b> (3): 691–702. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1997RvMP...69..691C">1997RvMP...69..691C</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1103%2FRevModPhys.69.691">10.1103/RevModPhys.69.691</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+Curl&rft.atitle=Dawn+of+the+fullerenes%3A+experiment+and+conjecture&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.aulast=Curl&rft.date=1997&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=3&rft.jtitle=Reviews+of+Modern+Physics&rft.pages=691-702&rft.volume=69&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1997RvMP...69..691C&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1103%2FRevModPhys.69.691&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li></ul> <p><b>Relatórios técnicos</b>: </p> <ul><li>Curl, R. F. and G. P. Glass. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/82413-infrared-absorption-spectroscopy-chemical-kinetics-free-radicals-final-performance-report-august-july">Infrared Absorption Spectroscopy and Chemical Kinetics of Free Radicals. Final Performance Report, August 1, 1985 – July 31, 1994</a>," <a href="/wiki/National_Accelerator_Laboratory" class="mw-redirect" title="National Accelerator Laboratory">National Accelerator Laboratory</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rice_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Rice University">Rice University</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Energy" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Department of Energy">United States Department of Energy</a>, (June 1995).</li> <li>Curl, R. F. and G. P. Glass. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/838138-infrared-absorption-spectroscopy-chemical-kinetics-free-radicals">Infrared Absorption Spectroscopy and Chemical Kinetics of Free Radicals, Final Technical Report</a>," <a href="/wiki/Rice_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Rice University">Rice University</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Energy" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Department of Energy">United States Department of Energy</a>, (November 2004).</li></ul> </div><h2 id="Referências" style="cursor: help;" title="Esta seção foi configurada para não ser editável diretamente. Edite a página toda ou a seção anterior em vez disso."><span id="Refer.C3.AAncias"></span>Referências</h2> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"><div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Jade Boyd (4 de julho de 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.rice.edu/news/2022/nobel-laureate-beloved-rice-professor-robert-curl-dead-88">«Nobel laureate, beloved Rice professor Robert Curl dead at 88»</a>. <i>Rice University</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 5 de julho de 2022</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+Curl&rft.atitle=Nobel+laureate%2C+beloved+Rice+professor+Robert+Curl+dead+at+88&rft.au=Jade+Boyd&rft.date=2022-07-04&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Rice+University&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.rice.edu%2Fnews%2F2022%2Fnobel-laureate-beloved-rice-professor-robert-curl-dead-88&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/fields.html">«Chemistry Laureates: Fields»</a>. <i>www.nobelprize.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 10 de agosto de 2018</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+Curl&rft.atitle=Chemistry+Laureates%3A+Fields&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.nobelprize.org&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nobelprize.org%2Fnobel_prizes%2Fchemistry%2Ffields.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1996/curl/biographical/">«The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1996»</a>. <i>NobelPrize.org</i> (em inglês)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 15 de agosto de 2022</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+Curl&rft.atitle=The+Nobel+Prize+in+Chemistry+1996&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NobelPrize.org&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nobelprize.org%2Fprizes%2Fchemistry%2F1996%2Fcurl%2Fbiographical%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Berger, Eric (29 de junho de 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.chron.com/news/houston-texas/article/Legendary-Rice-professor-Robert-Curl-retiring-1665527.php">«Legendary Rice professor Robert Curl retiring»</a>. <i>Chron</i> (em inglês)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 15 de agosto de 2022</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+Curl&rft.atitle=Legendary+Rice+professor+Robert+Curl+retiring&rft.aufirst=Eric&rft.aulast=Berger&rft.date=2008-06-29&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Chron&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.chron.com%2Fnews%2Fhouston-texas%2Farticle%2FLegendary-Rice-professor-Robert-Curl-retiring-1665527.php&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:5-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-:5_5-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://chemistry.rice.edu/FacultyDetail.aspx?RiceID=589">«Robert F. Curl: University Professor Emeritus, Pitzer-Schlumberger Professor of Natural Sciences Emeritus, Professor of Chemistry Emeritus»</a>. Rice University Department of Chemistry<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 12 de julho de 2014</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+Curl&rft.btitle=Robert+F.+Curl%3A+University+Professor+Emeritus%2C+Pitzer-Schlumberger+Professor+of+Natural+Sciences+Emeritus%2C+Professor+of+Chemistry+Emeritus&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Rice+University+Department+of+Chemistry&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fchemistry.rice.edu%2FFacultyDetail.aspx%3FRiceID%3D589&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/146968/Robert-F-Curl-Jr">«Robert F. Curl Jr.»</a>. <i>Encyclopædia Britannica</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 12 de julho de 2013</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+Curl&rft.atitle=Robert+F.+Curl+Jr.&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.genre=bookitem&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2FEBchecked%2Ftopic%2F146968%2FRobert-F-Curl-Jr&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bakerinstitute.org/experts/robert-curl/">«Robert Curl»</a>. Rice University Baker Institute for Public Policy. 28 de junho de 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 12 julho de 2014</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+Curl&rft.btitle=Robert+Curl&rft.date=2013-06-28&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Rice+University+Baker+Institute+for+Public+Policy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbakerinstitute.org%2Fexperts%2Frobert-curl%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:22-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-:22_8-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Berger, Eric (29 de junho de 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chron.com/news/houston-texas/article/Legendary-Rice-professor-Robert-Curl-retiring-1665527.php">«Legendary Rice professor Robert Curl retiring»</a>. <i>Chron</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 12 de julho de 2014</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+Curl&rft.atitle=Legendary+Rice+professor+Robert+Curl+retiring&rft.aufirst=Eric&rft.aulast=Berger&rft.date=2008-06-29&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Chron&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chron.com%2Fnews%2Fhouston-texas%2Farticle%2FLegendary-Rice-professor-Robert-Curl-retiring-1665527.php&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ligações_externas"><span id="Liga.C3.A7.C3.B5es_externas"></span>Ligações externas</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Curl&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Editar secção: Ligações externas" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Curl&action=edit&section=5" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Ligações externas"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1996/index.html">«Perfil no sítio oficial do Nobel de Química 1996»</a> (em inglês)</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+Curl&rft.btitle=Perfil+no+s%C3tio+oficial+do+Nobel+de+Qu%C3mica+1996&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnobelprize.org%2Fnobel_prizes%2Fchemistry%2Flaureates%2F1996%2Findex.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li></ul> <p>  </p><table class="toccolours" style="border-collapse: collapse; margin:0 auto; font-size: 90%;"> <tbody><tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="padding: 4px; border:1px solid gray; width: 30%;"> Precedido por<br /><b><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Paul_Crutzen" title="Paul Crutzen">Paul Crutzen</a></span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Mario_Molina" title="Mario Molina">Mario Molina</a></span> e <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Frank_Sherwood_Rowland" title="Frank Sherwood Rowland">Frank Sherwood Rowland</a></span></b></td> <td style="padding: 4px; border:1px solid gray; width: 30%;"> <b><a href="/wiki/Nobel_de_Qu%C3%ADmica" class="mw-redirect" title="Nobel de Química">Nobel de Química</a></b><br />1996<br /><span style="white-space:nowrap;">com <a href="/wiki/Harold_Kroto" title="Harold Kroto">Harold Kroto</a> e <a href="/wiki/Richard_Smalley" title="Richard Smalley">Richard Smalley</a></span></td> <td style="padding: 4px; border:1px solid gray; width: 30%;"> Sucedido por<br /><b><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Paul_Delos_Boyer" title="Paul Delos Boyer">Paul Delos Boyer</a></span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/John_Ernest_Walker" title="John Ernest Walker">John Ernest Walker</a></span> e <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Jens_Christian_Skou" title="Jens Christian Skou">Jens Christian Skou</a></span></b></td></tr> </tbody></table> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Nobel_de_Química._Laureados_(1976_—_2000)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks collapsible collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-ver"><a href="/wiki/Predefini%C3%A7%C3%A3o:Nobel_de_Qu%C3%ADmica_(1976_%E2%80%94_2000)" title="Predefinição:Nobel de Química (1976 — 2000)"><abbr title="Ver esta predefinição" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-discutir"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Predefini%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Discuss%C3%A3o:Nobel_de_Qu%C3%ADmica_(1976_%E2%80%94_2000)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Predefinição Discussão:Nobel de Química (1976 — 2000) (página não existe)"><abbr title="Discutir esta predefinição" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">d</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-editar"><a class="external text" href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Predefini%C3%A7%C3%A3o:Nobel_de_Qu%C3%ADmica_(1976_%E2%80%94_2000)&action=edit"><abbr title="Editar esta predefinição" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Nobel_de_Química._Laureados_(1976_—_2000)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Nobel_de_Qu%C3%ADmica" class="mw-redirect" title="Nobel de Química">Nobel de Química. Laureados (1976 — 2000)</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li>1976: <a href="/wiki/William_Lipscomb" title="William Lipscomb">Lipscomb</a></li> <li>1977: <a href="/wiki/Ilya_Prigogine" title="Ilya Prigogine">Prigogine</a></li> <li>1978: <a href="/wiki/Peter_Mitchell" title="Peter Mitchell">Mitchell</a></li> <li>1979: <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Charles_Brown" title="Herbert Charles Brown">Brown</a> e <a href="/wiki/Georg_Wittig" title="Georg Wittig">Wittig</a></li> <li>1980: <a href="/wiki/Paul_Berg" title="Paul Berg">Berg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Walter_Gilbert" title="Walter Gilbert">Gilbert</a> e <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Sanger" title="Frederick Sanger">Sanger</a></li> <li>1981: <a href="/wiki/Ken%27ichi_Fukui" title="Ken'ichi Fukui">Fukui</a> e <a href="/wiki/Roald_Hoffmann" title="Roald Hoffmann">Hoffmann</a></li> <li>1982: <a href="/wiki/Aaron_Klug" title="Aaron Klug">Klug</a></li> <li>1983: <a href="/wiki/Henry_Taube" title="Henry Taube">Taube</a></li> <li>1984: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Bruce_Merrifield" title="Robert Bruce Merrifield">Merrifield</a></li> <li>1985: <a href="/wiki/Herbert_A._Hauptman" class="mw-redirect" title="Herbert A. Hauptman">Hauptman</a> e <a href="/wiki/Jerome_Karle" title="Jerome Karle">Karle</a></li> <li>1986: <a href="/wiki/Dudley_Robert_Herschbach" title="Dudley Robert Herschbach">Herschbach</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yuan_Lee" title="Yuan Lee">Lee</a> e <a href="/wiki/John_Charles_Polanyi" title="John Charles Polanyi">Polanyi</a></li> <li>1987: <a href="/wiki/Donald_James_Cram" title="Donald James Cram">Cram</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jean-Marie_Lehn" title="Jean-Marie Lehn">Lehn</a> e <a href="/wiki/Charles_J._Pedersen" title="Charles J. Pedersen">Pedersen</a></li> <li>1988: <a href="/wiki/Johann_Deisenhofer" title="Johann Deisenhofer">Deisenhofer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Huber" title="Robert Huber">Huber</a> e <a href="/wiki/Hartmut_Michel" title="Hartmut Michel">Michel</a></li> <li>1989: <a href="/wiki/Sidney_Altman" title="Sidney Altman">Altman</a> e <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Cech" title="Thomas Cech">Cech</a></li> <li>1990: <a href="/wiki/Elias_James_Corey" title="Elias James Corey">Corey</a></li> <li>1991: <a href="/wiki/Richard_Robert_Ernst" title="Richard Robert Ernst">Ernst</a></li> <li>1992: <a href="/wiki/Rudolph_Arthur_Marcus" title="Rudolph Arthur Marcus">Marcus</a></li> <li>1993: <a href="/wiki/Kary_Mullis" title="Kary Mullis">Mullis</a> e <a href="/wiki/Michael_Smith" title="Michael Smith">Michael Smith</a></li> <li>1994: <a href="/wiki/George_Andrew_Olah" title="George Andrew Olah">Olah</a></li> <li>1995: <a href="/wiki/Paul_Crutzen" title="Paul Crutzen">Crutzen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mario_Molina" title="Mario Molina">Molina</a> e <a href="/wiki/Frank_Sherwood_Rowland" title="Frank Sherwood Rowland">Rowland</a></li> <li>1996: <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Curl</a>, <a href="/wiki/Harold_Kroto" title="Harold Kroto">Kroto</a> e <a href="/wiki/Richard_Errett_Smalley" class="mw-redirect" title="Richard Errett Smalley">Smalley</a></li> <li>1997: <a href="/wiki/Paul_Delos_Boyer" title="Paul Delos Boyer">Boyer</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Ernest_Walker" title="John Ernest Walker">Walker</a> e <a href="/wiki/Jens_Christian_Skou" title="Jens Christian Skou">Skou</a></li> <li>1998: <a href="/wiki/Walter_Kohn" title="Walter Kohn">Kohn</a> e <a href="/wiki/John_Pople" title="John Pople">Pople</a></li> <li>1999: <a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Zewail" title="Ahmed Zewail">Zewail</a></li> <li>2000: <a href="/wiki/Alan_Heeger" title="Alan Heeger">Heeger</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alan_MacDiarmid" title="Alan MacDiarmid">MacDiarmid</a> e <a href="/wiki/Hideki_Shirakawa" title="Hideki Shirakawa">Shirakawa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Predefini%C3%A7%C3%A3o:Nobel_de_Qu%C3%ADmica" title="Predefinição:Nobel de Química">Lista Completa</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Predefini%C3%A7%C3%A3o:Nobel_de_Qu%C3%ADmica_(1901_%E2%80%94_1925)" title="Predefinição:Nobel de Química (1901 — 1925)">Laureados (1901—1925)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Predefini%C3%A7%C3%A3o:Nobel_de_Qu%C3%ADmica_(1926_%E2%80%94_1950)" title="Predefinição:Nobel de Química (1926 — 1950)">Laureados (1926—1950)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Predefini%C3%A7%C3%A3o:Nobel_de_Qu%C3%ADmica_(1951_%E2%80%94_1975)" title="Predefinição:Nobel de Química (1951 — 1975)">Laureados (1951—1975)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Predefini%C3%A7%C3%A3o:Nobel_de_Qu%C3%ADmica_(2001_%E2%80%94_2025)" title="Predefinição:Nobel de Química (2001 — 2025)">Laureados (2001—2024)</a><i></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <ul class="noprint navigation-box" style="border-top: solid silver 1px; border-right: solid silver 1px; border-bottom:1px solid silver; border-left: solid silver 1px; padding:3px; background-color: #F9F9F9; text-align: center; margin-top:10px; margin-left: 0; clear: both;"><li style="display: inline;"><span style="white-space: nowrap; margin: auto 1.5em"><span style="margin-right: 0.5em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Crystal_Clear_app_Login_Manager.png" title="Portal de biografias"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Crystal_Clear_app_Login_Manager.png/25px-Crystal_Clear_app_Login_Manager.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Crystal_Clear_app_Login_Manager.png/38px-Crystal_Clear_app_Login_Manager.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Crystal_Clear_app_Login_Manager.png/50px-Crystal_Clear_app_Login_Manager.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></span></span> <span style="font-weight:bold"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Biografias" title="Portal:Biografias">Portal de biografias</a></span></span></li> <li style="display: inline;"><span style="white-space: nowrap; margin: auto 1.5em"><span style="margin-right: 0.5em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Sciences_exactes.svg" title="Portal da química"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Sciences_exactes.svg/25px-Sciences_exactes.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Sciences_exactes.svg/38px-Sciences_exactes.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Sciences_exactes.svg/50px-Sciences_exactes.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="256" data-file-height="256" /></a></span></span> <span style="font-weight:bold"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Qu%C3%ADmica" title="Portal:Química">Portal da química</a></span></span></li> </ul> <table class="noprint" style="border-top:none; border-bottom:none; background:transparent; color: inherit"><tbody><tr> <td style="text-align: center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Adolf_von_Baeyer_(1905).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Ícone de esboço" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Adolf_von_Baeyer_%281905%29.jpg/30px-Adolf_von_Baeyer_%281905%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="30" height="42" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Adolf_von_Baeyer_%281905%29.jpg/45px-Adolf_von_Baeyer_%281905%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Adolf_von_Baeyer_%281905%29.jpg/60px-Adolf_von_Baeyer_%281905%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="280" data-file-height="396" /></a></span></td> <td><i>Este artigo sobre um(a) <a href="/wiki/Qu%C3%ADmico" title="Químico">químico(a)</a> é um <a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Esbo%C3%A7o" title="Wikipédia:Esboço">esboço</a>. Você pode ajudar a Wikipédia <b><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Robert_Curl&action=edit">expandindo-o</a></span></b>.</i></td> </tr></tbody></table> <p><br /> </p> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Controle_de_autoridade" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th id="Controle_de_autoridade" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width: 12%; text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Ajuda:Controle_de_autoridade" title="Ajuda:Controle de autoridade">Controle de autoridade</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd plainlinks" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Wikidata:Main_Page" title="Wikidata"><img alt="Wd" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/20px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/30px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/40px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /></a></span>: <span class="uid"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q110930" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q110930">Q110930</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> <span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/identities/containsVIAFID/1160422804668030935">WorldCat</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Base_Virtual_Internacional_de_Autoridade" title="Base Virtual Internacional de Autoridade">VIAF</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/1160422804668030935/">1160422804668030935</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_Nacional_da_Fran%C3%A7a" title="Biblioteca Nacional da França">BNF</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb14884807b">14884807b</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Grande_Enciclop%C3%A9dia_Sovi%C3%A9tica" title="Grande Enciclopédia Soviética">BRE</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://old.bigenc.ru/text/2061597">2061597</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">EBID</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Robert-F-Curl-Jr">ID</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Gemeinsame_Normdatei" title="Gemeinsame Normdatei">GND</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/1220173185">1220173185</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Munzinger-Archiv" class="extiw" title="de:Munzinger-Archiv">Munzinger</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.munzinger.de/search/go/document.jsp?id=00000021954">00000021954</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Notable_Names_Database" class="mw-redirect" title="Notable Names Database">NNDB</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nndb.com/people/798/000100498/">000100498</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Google_Scholar" title="Google Scholar">Scholar</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=tkSXZHYAAAAJ">tkSXZHYAAAAJ</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/WikiTree" title="WikiTree">WikiTree</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Curl-832">Curl-832</a></span></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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