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He was known for his wide repertory including [[Richard Wagner|Wagner]] and [[Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart|Mozart]] roles. Some of his most celebrated roles were Wagnerian villains such as Hunding and Hagen in ''[[Der Ring des Nibelungen]]'', but others were noble characters like Sarastro in ''[[The Magic Flute]]'' or Gurnemanz in ''[[Parsifal (opera)|Parsifal]]'' or comic figures such as Osmin in ''[[Die Entführung aus dem Serail]]'' or Falstaff in ''[[The Merry Wives of Windsor (opera)|The Merry Wives of Windsor]]''. He sang at the leading European opera houses in the 1950s and 1960s and recorded all his major roles. ==Life and career== Frick was born in [[Ölbronn-Dürrn|Ölbronn]], [[Württemberg]] on 28 July 1906, the youngest of thirteen children of a [[Swabia]]n head forester and gamekeeper.<ref name=times>"Obituary: Gottlob Frick", ''The Times'', 14 September 1994, p. 17</ref><ref name=indy>Forbes, Elizabeth. "Gottlob Frick", ''The Independent'', 10 October 1994, p. 14</ref> In the mid-1920s he attended the [[State University of Music and Performing Arts Stuttgart|Stuttgart Conservatory]], studying under [[Fritz Windgassen]] (father of Frick’s contemporary, the tenor [[Wolfgang Windgassen]]).<ref name=indy/> From 1927 he sang in the chorus of [[Staatsoper Stuttgart|Stuttgart Opera]] and in 1930 he auditioned for [[Siegfried Wagner]], director of the [[Bayreuth Festival]], who engaged him for small parts.<ref name=times/><ref name=pat/> Frick's first major solo role was at the [[Landestheater Coburg| Landestheater]], [[Coburg]] in 1934–35 as Daland in ''[[Der fliegende Holländer]]''. He moved to the opera companies in [[Freiburg]] and then [[Königsberg]] where he was heard by [[Karl Böhm]], then director of the [[Semperoper|Dresden State Opera]], who engaged him immediately.<ref name=pat/> Frick remained in the Dresden company for ten years, until 1950. He had a varied repertoire there, including bass roles in works by [[Mozart]], [[Beethoven]], [[Carl Maria von Weber|Weber]], [[Otto Nicolai|Nicolai]] and [[Richard Wagner|Wagner]], and non-German operas by, among others, [[Tchaikovsky]] and [[Verdi]], including the latter's ''[[Don Carlos]]'' in which King Philip was Frick's favourite operatic role. Then, as in most of his career, he usually sang in German.<ref name=times/> In 1950 Frick moved to the [[Deutsche Oper Berlin]], but his growing international career took him to leading houses throughout Europe.<ref name=grove>Rosenthal, Harold, and Alan Blyth. [https://doi.org/10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.10243 "Gottlob Frick"], ''Grove Music Online'', Oxford University Press, 2001. {{subscription required}}</ref> He first sang at [[The Royal Opera|Covent Garden]] in 1951, as Fafner, Hunding and Hagen in the four operas of ''[[Der Ring des Nibelungen]]'', and appeared there frequently in the 1950s and 1960s.<ref name=grove/> He also appeared at Bayreuth, [[Salzburg Festival|Salzburg]], the [[Vienna State Opera]] and [[La Scala]].<ref name=times/><ref name=grove/> From 1954 for the rest of his career his operatic home base was the [[Bavarian State Opera]] in [[Munich]]. He sang at the [[Metropolitan Opera]], New York, in the four ''Ring'' operas in 1961–62.<ref>[https://archives.metopera.org/MetOperaSearch/search.jsp "Gottlob Frick"], MetOpera Database. Retrieved 11 March 2024</ref> He officially retired from the operatic stage in 1970, but made occasional appearances after that, including what the critic [[J. B. Steane|John Steane]] called "his triumphant return to Covent Garden" in 1971 as Gurnemanz in ''[[Parsifal (opera)|Parsifal]]''.<ref name=guardian>Steane, John. "Gottlob Frick", ''The Guardian'', 4 October 1994, p. 17</ref> According to ''[[The Times]]'', Frick, who had "one of those saturnine, dark voices that seem peculiar to the German-speaking countries", had: {{blockindent| ... a range of two octaves, from the low D of Mozart's Osmin up to a high G in the baritone register. It was a flexible, immediately recognisable instrument which its owner used with the utmost intelligence, as can be heard on his many discs.<ref name=times/>|}} In his ''A to Z of Singers'', David Patmore quotes the conductor [[Wilhelm Furtwängler]]'s description of Frick’s voice as "the blackest bass in Germany", and calls this "a most apt description of its beautiful, velvet quality". Patmore adds that Frick’s "great musicianship, humanity and wit" made him an ideal interpreter of the major parts in the bass repertoire.<ref name=pat>Patmore, David. [https://www.naxos.com/Bio/Person/Gottlob_Frick/11484 "Gottlob Frick"], from ''A to Z of Singers'', Naxos Music Library.</ref> Although Frick was known for his portrayal of Wagnerian villains such as Hunding and Hagen in the ''Ring'', he also played noble characters including Sarastro in ''[[The Magic Flute]]'' and Gurnemanz in ''[[Parsifal (opera)|Parsifal]]'' or comic figures such as Osmin in ''[[Die Entführung aus dem Serail]]'' or Falstaff in ''[[The Merry Wives of Windsor (opera)|The Merry Wives of Windsor]]''.<ref name=times/><ref name=indy/> Steane wrote of him, "There is no forcing in his singing, and it is all firm as a rock. Whether benevolently enthusiastic as the [[Tannhäuser (opera)#Roles|Landgrave]], or soft and intimate in [[Die Meistersinger von Nürnberg#Roles|Pogner's]] music with Eva, or voicing the dark menace of Hagen, he is king of his kind".<ref>Steane, p. 331</ref> Frick died in [[Pforzheim]] in Baden-Württemberg on 18 August 1994, aged 88.<ref name=times/> ==Recordings== According to Patmore, Frick's recorded legacy, of both commercial and live recordings, is substantial and does him full justice.<ref name=pat/> ''[[Grove's Dictionary of Music and Musicians]]'' comments that Frick recorded all his major roles.<ref name=grove/> Among his recordings were Osmin first for [[Sir Thomas Beecham]] and again for [[Josef Krips]], Sarastro for [[Otto Klemperer]] and Rocco (in ''[[Fidelio]]'') for Klemperer and [[Ferenc Fricsay]]. He also recorded the Hermit (in [[Carl Maria von Weber|Weber]]'s ''[[Der Freischütz]]'') for [[Joseph Keilberth]] and Kaspar for [[Lovro von Matačić]], The Peasant (in [[Carl Orff]]'s ''[[Die Kluge]]'') for both [[Wolfgang Sawallisch]] and [[Kurt Eichhorn]], Kecal (in ''[[The Bartered Bride]]''), [[Don Giovanni|The Commendatore]] for Giulini, Pogner and King Henry for [[Rudolf Kempe]], King Marke, Daland and the Landgrave for [[Franz Konwitschny]], and Hunding, Hagen and Gurnemanz for [[Georg Solti]]. When planning the first studio recording of ''[[Götterdämmerung]]'', made in 1964, the producer [[John Culshaw]] considered Frick one of the three indispensable cast members: "[[Birgit Nilsson|Nilsson]], Windgassen and Gottlob Frick (Hagen) had to be in the cast or there was no point in starting".<ref>Culshaw, pp. 181−182</ref> In Steane's view, it is for this recording that Frick will be best remembered – "the embodiment of evil".<ref name=guardian/> ==References== {{Reflist}} ==Sources== *{{cite book|last= Culshaw |first= John|authorlink=John Culshaw|year= 1967|title= Ring Resounding |location= London |publisher= Secker & Warburg |isbn=978-0-436-11800-5 }} *{{cite book | last =Patmore | first =David | title = A to Z of Singers| date =2015 | location =Hong Kong | publisher =Naxos | isbn =978-1-84379-072-3 }} *{{cite book | last =Steane | first =J. B|authorlink=J. B. Steane | title =The Grand Tradition: Seventy Years of Singing on Record | date =1993 | location =London|edition=second|origyear=1974 | publisher = Duckworth| isbn =978-0-71-560661-2 }} ==External links== *[http://www.operadis-opera-discography.org.uk/CLSIFRIC.HTM Discography of opera recordings] (Capon's Lists of Opera Recordings) *[http://www.gottlob-frick-gesellschaft.de/ Gottlob Frick Gesellschaft] * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MbIeE2A03Z0&t=175s On video, recording in studio as Hagen for Solti's famous Ring] * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HrrMlI1s8TA&list=PLAt58XO5We_aVH8-rtetSDYpBVGBk4GfP&index=2 Singing Rossini (audio only)] {{Portal bar|Opera|Germany}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Frick, Gottlob}} [[Category:1906 births]] [[Category:1994 deaths]] [[Category:People from Enzkreis]] [[Category:People from the Kingdom of Württemberg]] [[Category:German operatic basses]] [[Category:Österreichischer Kammersänger]] [[Category:20th-century German male opera singers]] 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