CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-disabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="af" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Elsas - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-disabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )afwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":[",\t."," \t,"],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""], "wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy","wgMonthNames":["","Januarie","Februarie","Maart","April","Mei","Junie","Julie","Augustus","September","Oktober","November","Desember"],"wgRequestId":"37aeb995-84b5-4050-ac10-fae7bb1fd9d1","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Elsas","wgTitle":"Elsas","wgCurRevisionId":2434487,"wgRevisionId":2434487,"wgArticleId":18838,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Artikels met BNE-identifiseerders","Artikels met BNF-identifiseerders","Artikels met GND-identifiseerders","Artikels met HDS-identifiseerders","Artikels met LCCN-identifiseerders","Artikels met MusicBrainz area-identifiseerders","Artikels met NARA-identifiseerders","Artikels met NDL-identifiseerders","Artikels met NKC-identifiseerders","Artikels met NSK-identifiseerders","Artikels met RERO-identifiseerders","Artikels met SUDOC-identifiseerders", "Artikels met VIAF-identifiseerders","Artikels met WorldCat-VIAF-identifiseerders","Normdata met 13 elemente","Elsas"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"af","wgPageContentLanguage":"af","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Elsas","wgRelevantArticleId":18838,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":true,"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"af","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"af"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":true,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":20000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true, "wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q1142","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js", "ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.charinsert","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=af&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=af&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=af&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5f/Alsace_map.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1134"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5f/Alsace_map.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="756"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="605"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Elsas - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//af.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elsas"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Wysig" href="/w/index.php?title=Elsas&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (af)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//af.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elsas"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.af"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atoomvoer" href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:Onlangse_wysigings&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Elsas rootpage-Elsas skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Gaan na inhoud</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Werf"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Hoofkieslys" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Hoofkieslys</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Hoofkieslys</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">skuif na kantbalk</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">versteek</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigasie </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Tuisblad" title="Besoek die Tuisblad [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Tuisblad</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Gebruikersportaal" title="Meer oor die projek, wat jy kan doen, nuttige skakels"><span>Gebruikersportaal</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Geselshoekie" title="Agtergrondinligting oor aktuele sake"><span>Geselshoekie</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Onlangse_wysigings" title="'n Lys van onlangse wysigings [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Onlangse wysigings</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Lukraak" title="Laai 'n lukrake bladsye [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Lukrake bladsy</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:Contents" title="Vind meer uit oor iets"><span>Hulp</span></a></li><li id="n-Sandput" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Sandput"><span>Sandput</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Tuisblad" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-af.svg" width="118" height="13" style="width: 7.375em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Soek" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Deursoek Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Soek</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Deursoek Wikipedia" aria-label="Deursoek Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Deursoek Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Spesiaal:Soek"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Soek</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Persoonlike gereedskap"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Voorkoms"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Voorkoms" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Voorkoms</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_af.wikipedia.org&uselang=af" class=""><span>Skenkings</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:SkepRekening&returnto=Elsas" title="U word aangemoedig om 'n gebruiker te skep en aan te meld, hoewel dit nie verpligtend is nie." class=""><span>Skep gebruiker</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:Teken_in&returnto=Elsas" title="U word aangemoedig om aan te meld. Dit is egter nie verpligtend nie. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Meld aan</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Meer opsies" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Persoonlike gereedskap" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Persoonlike gereedskap</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_af.wikipedia.org&uselang=af"><span>Skenkings</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:SkepRekening&returnto=Elsas" title="U word aangemoedig om 'n gebruiker te skep en aan te meld, hoewel dit nie verpligtend is nie."><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Skep gebruiker</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:Teken_in&returnto=Elsas" title="U word aangemoedig om aan te meld. Dit is egter nie verpligtend nie. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Meld aan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Bladsye vir uitgemelde redakteurs <a href="/wiki/Hulp:Inleiding" aria-label="Leer meer oor redigering"><span>leer meer</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Mybydrae" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Bydraes</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Mybespreking" title="Bespreking oor bydraes van hierdie IP-adres [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Bespreking</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Werf"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Inhoud" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Inhoud</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">skuif na kantbalk</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">versteek</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Inleiding</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Geskiedenis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geskiedenis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Geskiedenis</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geskiedenis-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Wissel Geskiedenis subafdeling</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geskiedenis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Elsas_ná_1945" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Elsas_ná_1945"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Elsas ná 1945</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Elsas_ná_1945-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geografie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geografie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Geografie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Geografie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ekonomie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ekonomie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Ekonomie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ekonomie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Taal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Taal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Taal</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Taal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kookkuns,_wyn_en_bier" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kookkuns,_wyn_en_bier"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Kookkuns, wyn en bier</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kookkuns,_wyn_en_bier-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sien_ook" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sien_ook"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Sien ook</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sien_ook-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Verwysings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Verwysings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Verwysings</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Verwysings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Inhoud" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Wissel die inhoudsopgawe" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Wissel die inhoudsopgawe</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Elsas</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Gaan na 'n artikel in 'n ander taal. Beskikbaar in 119 tale" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-119" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">119 tale</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elsass" title="Elsass – Switserse Duits" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Elsass" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Switserse Duits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8A%A0%E1%88%8D%E1%88%B3%E1%88%B5" title="አልሳስ – Amharies" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="አልሳስ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alsacia" title="Alsacia – Aragonees" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Alsacia" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elsass" title="Elsass – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Elsass" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D9%84%D8%B2%D8%B3" title="ألزس – Arabies" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ألزس" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alsacia" title="Alsacia – Asturies" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Alsacia" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alsace_suyu" title="Alsace suyu – Aymara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Alsace suyu" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="Aymara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elzas" title="Elzas – Azerbeidjans" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Elzas" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbeidjans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%84%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%B3" title="آلزاس – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="آلزاس" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elsass" title="Elsass – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Elsass" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%81" title="Эльзас – Belarussies" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Эльзас" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarussies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%81" title="Эльзас – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Эльзас" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%81" title="Елзас – Bulgaars" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Елзас" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8D%E2%80%8C%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8" title="আল্‌জাস – Bengaals" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="আল্‌জাস" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengaals" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elzas" title="Elzas – Bretons" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Elzas" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Bretons" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alsace" title="Alsace – Bosnies" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Alsace" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Als%C3%A0cia" title="Alsàcia – Katalaans" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Alsàcia" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Katalaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%81" title="Эльзас – Tsjetsjeens" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Эльзас" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Tsjetsjeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alsace" title="Alsace – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Alsace" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alsazia" title="Alsazia – Korsikaans" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Alsazia" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Korsikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alsasko" title="Alsasko – Tsjeggies" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Alsasko" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Tsjeggies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elzas" title="Elzas – Kashubian" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Elzas" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="Kashubian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%81" title="Эльзас – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Эльзас" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alsace" title="Alsace – Wallies" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Alsace" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Wallies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alsace" title="Alsace – Deens" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Alsace" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Deens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elsass" title="Elsass – Duits" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Elsass" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Duits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elzas" title="Elzas – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Elzas" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elsaska" title="Elsaska – Benedesorbies" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Elsaska" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="Benedesorbies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CE%BB%CF%83%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Αλσατία – Grieks" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Αλσατία" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Grieks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alsace" title="Alsace – Engels" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Alsace" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Engels" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alzaco" title="Alzaco – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Alzaco" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alsacia" title="Alsacia – Spaans" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Alsacia" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alsace" title="Alsace – Estnies" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Alsace" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estnies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alsazia" title="Alsazia – Baskies" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Alsazia" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Baskies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%84%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%B3" title="آلزاس – Persies" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="آلزاس" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alsace" title="Alsace – Fins" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Alsace" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Fins" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alsace" title="Alsace – Frans" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Alsace" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Frans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alzace" title="Alzace – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Alzace" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elzas" title="Elzas – Fries" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Elzas" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Fries" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Als%C3%A1is" title="An Alsáis – Iers" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="An Alsáis" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Iers" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alsace" title="Alsace – Skotse Gallies" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Alsace" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Skotse Gallies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alsacia" title="Alsacia – Galisies" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Alsacia" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galisies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alsace" title="Alsace – Hakka-Sjinees" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Alsace" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka-Sjinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%96%D7%A1" title="אלזס – Hebreeus" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אלזס" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebreeus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elzas" title="Elzas – Kroaties" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Elzas" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroaties" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elsaska" title="Elsaska – Oppersorbies" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Elsaska" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Oppersorbies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alzas" title="Alzas – Haïtiaans" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Alzas" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haïtiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elz%C3%A1sz" title="Elzász – Hongaars" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Elzász" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hongaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B7%D5%AC%D5%A6%D5%A1%D5%BD" title="Էլզաս – Armeens" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Էլզաս" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alsatia" title="Alsatia – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Alsatia" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alsace" title="Alsace – Indonesies" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Alsace" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alzacia" title="Alzacia – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Alzacia" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alsace" title="Alsace – Yslands" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Alsace" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Yslands" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alsazia" title="Alsazia – Italiaans" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Alsazia" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%AB%E3%82%B6%E3%82%B9%E5%9C%B0%E5%9F%9F%E5%9C%8F" title="アルザス地域圏 – Japannees" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アルザス地域圏" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japannees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alsace" title="Alsace – Javaans" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Alsace" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%96%E1%83%90%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98" title="ელზასი – Georgies" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ელზასი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%81" title="Эльзас – Kazaks" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Эльзас" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazaks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%86%E0%B2%B2%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%87%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D" title="ಆಲ್ಸೇಸ್ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಆಲ್ಸೇಸ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%95%8C%EC%9E%90%EC%8A%A4" title="알자스 – Koreaans" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="알자스" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Koreaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elsas" title="Elsas – Koerdies" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Elsas" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Koerdies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alsass" title="Alsass – Kornies" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Alsass" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Kornies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alsatia" title="Alsatia – Latyn" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Alsatia" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alsasia" title="Alsasia – Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Alsasia" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elsass" title="Elsass – Luxemburgs" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Elsass" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxemburgs" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elzas" title="Elzas – Limburgs" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Elzas" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgs" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alsasia" title="Alsasia – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Alsasia" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elzasas" title="Elzasas – Litaus" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Elzasas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Litaus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elzasa" title="Elzasa – Letties" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Elzasa" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Letties" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alsace" title="Alsace – Malgassies" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Alsace" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malgassies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="voorbladartikel"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%81" title="Алзас – Masedonies" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Алзас" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Masedonies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8" title="अल्सास – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="अल्सास" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alsace" title="Alsace – Maleis" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Alsace" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Maleis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%84%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%B3" title="آلزاس – Masanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="آلزاس" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Masanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elzas" title="Elzas – Nederlands" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Elzas" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Nederlands" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alsace" title="Alsace – Nuwe Noors" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Alsace" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Nuwe Noors" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alsace" title="Alsace – Boeknoors" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Alsace" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Boeknoors" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alsache" title="Alsache – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Alsache" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Als%C3%A0cia" title="Alsàcia – Oksitaans" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Alsàcia" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Oksitaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%81" title="Эльзас – Osseties" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Эльзас" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Osseties" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8" title="ਅਲਸਾਸ – Pandjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਅਲਸਾਸ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Pandjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alsace" title="Alsace – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Alsace" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alsace" title="Alsace – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Alsace" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pdc mw-list-item"><a href="https://pdc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elsass" title="Elsass – Pennsylvania German" lang="pdc" hreflang="pdc" data-title="Elsass" data-language-autonym="Deitsch" data-language-local-name="Pennsylvania German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deitsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pfl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pfl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elsass" title="Elsass – Palatine German" lang="pfl" hreflang="pfl" data-title="Elsass" data-language-autonym="Pälzisch" data-language-local-name="Palatine German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pälzisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alzacja" title="Alzacja – Pools" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Alzacja" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Pools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alsassia" title="Alsassia – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Alsassia" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%B3" title="السائس – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="السائس" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Als%C3%A1cia" title="Alsácia – Portugees" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Alsácia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alsace" title="Alsace – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Alsace" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alsacia" title="Alsacia – Roemeens" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Alsacia" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Roemeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%81" title="Эльзас – Russies" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Эльзас" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Als%C3%A0tzia" title="Alsàtzia – Sardinies" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Alsàtzia" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alsazzia" title="Alsazzia – Sisiliaans" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Alsazzia" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sisiliaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alsace" title="Alsace – Skots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Alsace" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Skots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alsace" title="Alsace – Serwo-Kroaties" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Alsace" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serwo-Kroaties" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alsace" title="Alsace – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Alsace" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alsasko" title="Alsasko – Slowaaks" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Alsasko" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slowaaks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alzacija" title="Alzacija – Sloweens" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Alzacija" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Sloweens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alzasa" title="Alzasa – Albanees" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Alzasa" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%81" title="Алзас – Serwies" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Алзас" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serwies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alsace" title="Alsace – Sweeds" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Alsace" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Sweeds" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alsace" title="Alsace – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Alsace" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alzacyjo" title="Alzacyjo – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Alzacyjo" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A7%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%AA" title="แคว้นอาลซัส – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="แคว้นอาลซัส" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elzas" title="Elzas – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Elzas" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alsas" title="Alsas – Turks" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Alsas" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%81" title="Ельзас – Oekraïens" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Ельзас" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Oekraïens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%B3" title="الزاس – Oerdoe" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="الزاس" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Oerdoe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alsazia" title="Alsazia – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Alsazia" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alsace" title="Alsace – Viëtnamees" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Alsace" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Viëtnamees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alsace" title="Alsace – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Alsace" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alsace" title="Alsace – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Alsace" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%B0%94%E8%90%A8%E6%96%AF" title="阿尔萨斯 – Wu-Sjinees" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="阿尔萨斯" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu-Sjinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%96%E1%83%90%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98" title="ელზასი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ელზასი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A2%D7%9C%D7%96%D7%90%D7%A1" title="עלזאס – Jiddisj" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="עלזאס" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Jiddisj" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%B0%94%E8%90%A8%E6%96%AF" title="阿尔萨斯 – Chinees" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="阿尔萨斯" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alsace" title="Alsace – Min Nan-Sjinees" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Alsace" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Min Nan-Sjinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E7%88%BE%E8%96%A9%E6%96%AF" title="阿爾薩斯 – Kantonees" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="阿爾薩斯" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kantonees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1142#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Wysig skakels tussen tale" class="wbc-editpage">Wysig skakels</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Naamruimtes"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Elsas" title="Bekyk die inhoudbladsy [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Bladsy</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Bespreking:Elsas" rel="discussion" title="Bespreking oor die inhoudbladsy [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Bespreking</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Verander taalvariant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Afrikaans</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Weergawes"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Elsas"><span>Lees</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elsas&veaction=edit" title="Redigeer hierdie bladsy [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Wysig</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elsas&action=edit" title="Wysig die bladsy se bonkode [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Wysig bron</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elsas&action=history" title="Ouer weergawes van hierdie bladsy [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Wys geskiedenis</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Gereedskap" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Gereedskap</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Gereedskap</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">skuif na kantbalk</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">versteek</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Elsas"><span>Lees</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elsas&veaction=edit" title="Redigeer hierdie bladsy [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Wysig</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elsas&action=edit" title="Wysig die bladsy se bonkode [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Wysig bron</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elsas&action=history"><span>Wys geskiedenis</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Algemeen </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Skakels_hierheen/Elsas" title="'n Lys bladsye wat hierheen skakel [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Skakels hierheen</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:OnlangseVeranderingsMetSkakels/Elsas" rel="nofollow" title="Onlangse wysigings aan bladsye wat vanaf hierdie bladsy geskakel is [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Verwante veranderings</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Spesiale_bladsye" title="'n Lys van al die spesiale bladsye [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Spesiale bladsye</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elsas&oldid=2434487" title="'n Permanente skakel na hierdie weergawe van die bladsy"><span>Permanente skakel</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elsas&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Bladinligting</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:CiteThisPage&page=Elsas&id=2434487&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Inligting oor hoe u hierdie bladsy kan verwys"><span>Haal dié blad aan</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Faf.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FElsas"><span>Kry verkorte URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Faf.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FElsas"><span>Laai QR-kode af</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Druk/uitvoer </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:Boek&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Elsas"><span>Skep boek</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:DownloadAsPdf&page=Elsas&action=show-download-screen"><span>Laai af as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elsas&printable=yes" title="Drukbare weergawe van hierdie bladsy [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Drukbare weergawe</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Ander projekte </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Alsace" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1142" title="Skakel na gekonnekteerde databank item [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata-item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Voorkoms"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Voorkoms</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">skuif na kantbalk</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">versteek</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">in Wikipedia, die vrye ensiklopedie</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="af" dir="ltr"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; border: 1px solid #999; border-right-width: 2px; border-bottom-width: 2px; background-color: #BBDEFD; float:right;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2"><span style="font-size:130%;">Alsace <hr /> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Flag_of_Alsace.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_Alsace.svg/115px-Flag_of_Alsace.svg.png" decoding="async" width="115" height="77" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_Alsace.svg/173px-Flag_of_Alsace.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_Alsace.svg/230px-Flag_of_Alsace.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Blason_r%C3%A9gion_fr_Alsace.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Blason_r%C3%A9gion_fr_Alsace.svg/100px-Blason_r%C3%A9gion_fr_Alsace.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Blason_r%C3%A9gion_fr_Alsace.svg/150px-Blason_r%C3%A9gion_fr_Alsace.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Blason_r%C3%A9gion_fr_Alsace.svg/200px-Blason_r%C3%A9gion_fr_Alsace.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="660" /></a></span> </p> </span></th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" align="center" bgcolor="white"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Alsace_map.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Localisation de l'Alsace en France"><img alt="Localisation de l'Alsace en France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5f/Alsace_map.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="189" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="189" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><a href="/wiki/D%C3%A9partement" title="Département">Départements</a></td> <td align="center" style="background: aliceblue;"><a href="/wiki/Bas-Rhin" title="Bas-Rhin">Bas-Rhin</a> (67)<br /><a href="/wiki/Haut-Rhin" title="Haut-Rhin">Haut-Rhin</a> (68) </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><a href="/wiki/Prefektuur" title="Prefektuur">Prefektuur</a></td> <td align="center" style="background: aliceblue;"><a href="/wiki/Straatsburg" title="Straatsburg">Straatsburg</a> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><a href="/wiki/Bevolking" title="Bevolking">Bevolking</a></td> <td align="center" style="background: aliceblue;">1 794 000 inw.<br /><small>(<a href="/wiki/2004" title="2004">2004</a>)</small> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><a href="/wiki/Bevolkingsdigtheid" title="Bevolkingsdigtheid">Bevolkingsdigtheid</a></td> <td align="center" style="background: aliceblue;">217 inw./vk km </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><a href="/wiki/Oppervlakte" title="Oppervlakte">Oppervlakte</a></td> <td align="center" style="background: aliceblue;">8 280 vk km </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><a href="/wiki/Arrondissement" title="Arrondissement">Arrondissemente</a></td> <td align="center" style="background: aliceblue;">13 </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><a href="/wiki/Kanton" class="mw-disambig" title="Kanton">Kantons</a></td> <td align="center" style="background: aliceblue;">75 </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><a href="/wiki/Munisipaliteit" title="Munisipaliteit">Munisipaliteite</a></td> <td align="center" style="background: aliceblue;">904 </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>President van <br />Gewestelike Raad</td> <td align="center" style="background: aliceblue;">Philippe Richert<br /><small>(<a href="/w/index.php?title=Union_pour_un_mouvement_populaire&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Union pour un mouvement populaire (bladsy bestaan nie)">UMP</a>)</small> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Elsas</b> (<a href="/wiki/Frans" title="Frans">Frans</a>: <i>L'Alsace</i>, <a href="/wiki/Elsasser_Duits" class="mw-redirect" title="Elsasser Duits">Elsasser Duits</a>: <i>s'Elsass</i>, <a href="/wiki/Duits" title="Duits">Duits</a>: <i>das Elsass</i>) was 'n administratiewe gewes (<a href="/wiki/Franse_taal" class="mw-redirect" title="Franse taal">Frans</a>: <i>région</i>) van <a href="/wiki/Frankryk" title="Frankryk">Frankryk</a> wat bestaan het uit die <a href="/wiki/D%C3%A9partement" title="Département">départements</a> <a href="/wiki/Bas-Rhin" title="Bas-Rhin">Bas-Rhin</a> ("Laer Ryn") in die noorde en <a href="/wiki/Haut-Rhin" title="Haut-Rhin">Haut-Rhin</a> ("Bo-Ryn") in die suide. Elsas was in die noordooste van Frankryk en aan die wesoewer van die <a href="/wiki/Ryn" title="Ryn">Ryn</a> geleë waar dit 'n gemeenskaplike grens met <a href="/wiki/Duitsland" title="Duitsland">Duitsland</a> en <a href="/wiki/Switserland" title="Switserland">Switserland</a> gedeel het. As deel van administratiewe hervormings is Elsas saam met <a href="/wiki/Lotaringe" title="Lotaringe">Lotaringe</a> en <a href="/wiki/Champagne-Ardenne" title="Champagne-Ardenne">Champagne-Ardenne</a> met ingang van 1 Januarie 2016 tot 'n nuwe gewes verenig, <a href="/wiki/Grand_Est" title="Grand Est">Grand Est</a>. </p><p>Die streek se hoofstad en grootste nedersetting is <a href="/wiki/Straatsburg" title="Straatsburg">Straatsburg</a>, gevolg deur die nywerheidstad <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mulhouse&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mulhouse (bladsy bestaan nie)">Mulhouse</a> (onderhoofstad van Haut-Rhin), en <a href="/wiki/Colmar" title="Colmar">Colmar</a>, hoofstad van Haut-Rhin. Elsas het verskeie oorgange tussen Duitse en Franse beheer ondergaan en die argitektuur en kultuur het steeds 'n sterk Germaanse karakter. </p><p>Histories het die gebied ook vroeër die <a href="/wiki/Territoire_de_Belfort" title="Territoire de Belfort">Territoire de Belfort</a>, vandag deel van <a href="/wiki/Franche-Comt%C3%A9" title="Franche-Comté">Franche-Comté</a>, ingesluit. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geskiedenis">Geskiedenis</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elsas&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Wysig afdeling: Geskiedenis" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elsas&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Geskiedenis"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Mont_sainte-odile.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Mont_sainte-odile.jpg/250px-Mont_sainte-odile.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Mont_sainte-odile.jpg/375px-Mont_sainte-odile.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Mont_sainte-odile.jpg/500px-Mont_sainte-odile.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption>Mont Sainte-Odile klooster</figcaption></figure> <p>In prehistoriese tye is Elsas deur nomadiese jagters bewoon, maar teen 1500 v.C. het <a href="/wiki/Kelte" title="Kelte">Kelte</a> hulle in Elsas gevestig en die grond begin bewerk. Teen 58 v.C. het die Romeine die gebied ingeval en Elsas as 'n wynboustreek gevestig. Om die waardevolle nywerheid te beskerm het die Romeine fortifikasies en militêre kampe gebou wat ontwikkel het in verskeie gemeenskappe wat kontinu tot vandag toe bewoon is. </p><p>Met die ondergaan van die <a href="/wiki/Romeinse_Ryk" title="Romeinse Ryk">Romeinse Ryk</a> is Elsas deur die <a href="/wiki/Alemanne" title="Alemanne">Alemanne</a> ingeneem. Die Alemanne was 'n landbouvolk en hulle taal vorm die basis van die hedendaagse <a href="/wiki/Elsasser_Duits" class="mw-redirect" title="Elsasser Duits">Elsasser dialek</a>. Die Alemanne is in 496 deur die <a href="/wiki/Franke" title="Franke">Franke</a> onder <a href="/wiki/Clovis_I" title="Clovis I">Clovis I</a> verower en Elsas het 'n Frankiese hertogdom van die Koninkryk van Austrasië geword. Elsas het onder Frankiese beheer gebly totdat dit in 843 volgens die <a href="/wiki/Verdrag_van_Verdun" title="Verdrag van Verdun">Verdrag van Verdun</a> in drie verdeel is. Die kleinseuns van <a href="/wiki/Karel_die_Grote" title="Karel die Grote">Karel die Grote</a> – formeel bekend as die stigter van die Frankiese Ryk – het die ryk in drie dele gedeel. Die <a href="/wiki/Benelux" title="Benelux">Benelux</a> state, Elsas en <a href="/wiki/Lotharinge" class="mw-redirect" title="Lotharinge">Lotharinge</a> het die Frankiese Middel Ryk gevorm wat deur die jongste kleinseun Lothar geheers is. Louis die Duitser het die Oostelike deel gekry wat sou ontwikkel tot die <a href="/wiki/Heilige_Romeinse_Ryk" title="Heilige Romeinse Ryk">Heilige Romeinse Ryk</a> en later tot vandag se Duitsland. Karel die Kale het die westelike gedeelte wat later Frankryk geword het gekry. Pepyn II, 'n kleinneef van die drie broers, is die koninkryk van Aquitaine, vandag 'n région in die suidweste van Frankryk, toegeken maar dit was onder die outoriteit van Karel. Lothar is in 855 vroeg dood en sy ryk is weer in drie gedeel. Die deel wat as Lotharinge bekend saat is aan Lothar se seun gegee. Die res is verdeel tussen Lothar se broers Karel die Kale (heerser van die Wes-Frankiese ryk) en Ludwig die Duitser (heerser van die Oos-Frankiese ryk). Lotharinge is later deur die <a href="/wiki/Heilige_Romeinse_Ryk" title="Heilige Romeinse Ryk">Heilige Romeinse Ryk</a> geannekseer. </p><p>Nadat dit vir 'n tydlank deel was van die Koninkryk van <a href="/wiki/Boergondi%C3%AB" title="Boergondië">Boergondië</a> het Elsas in die <a href="/wiki/15de_eeu" title="15de eeu">15de eeu</a> deel geword van die <a href="/wiki/Heilige_Romeinse_Ryk" title="Heilige Romeinse Ryk">Heilige Romeinse Ryk</a> as die westelike deel van die Hertogdom van <a href="/w/index.php?title=Swabe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Swabe (bladsy bestaan nie)">Swabe</a> en later onder die administrasie van die <a href="/wiki/Oostenryk" title="Oostenryk">Oostenrykse</a> huis van <a href="/wiki/Habsburg" class="mw-redirect" title="Habsburg">Habsburg</a>. Elsas het 'n bloeitydperk beleef in die 12de en 13de eeue onder die Hohenstaufen Keisers, maar die tydperk van voorspoed is in die 14de eeu deur 'n reeks velle winters, misoeste en die <a href="/wiki/Swart_Dood" title="Swart Dood">Swart Dood</a> tot 'n einde gebring. Die blaam vir die beproewings is voor die deur van die <a href="/wiki/Jode" title="Jode">Jode</a> gelê wat gelei het tot die <a href="/wiki/Pogrom" title="Pogrom">pogroms</a> van 1336 en 1339. 'n Verdere natuurramp was die Ryngrabenaardbewing van 1356, een van die ergste in <a href="/wiki/Europa" title="Europa">Europa</a> se geskiedenis. </p><p>Tydens die <a href="/wiki/Renaissance" title="Renaissance">Renaissance</a> het voorspoed na Elsas teruggekeer onder die Habsburg administrasie, tot met die <a href="/wiki/Dertigjarige_Oorlog" title="Dertigjarige Oorlog">Dertigjarige Oorlog</a> wat groot dele van suidelike Duitsland swaar getref het. Die grootste deel van Elsas is aan Frankryk afgestaan met die <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vrede_van_Wesfale&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vrede van Wesfale (bladsy bestaan nie)">Vrede van Wesfale</a> in 1648, wat die begin aandui van Elsas en <a href="/wiki/Lotharinge" class="mw-redirect" title="Lotharinge">Lotharinge</a>, as 'n bestrede gebied tussen Frankryk en Duitsland. </p><p>Die stad Straatsburg is tydens die heerskappy van <a href="/wiki/Louis_XIV_van_Frankryk" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis XIV van Frankryk">Louis XIV van Frankryk</a> deur Frankryk geannekseer, op 'n stadium toe Habsburg en ander Duitsers betrokke was in gevegte met die Turke, by die <a href="/wiki/Slag_van_Wene" title="Slag van Wene">Slag van Wene</a>. Sedert 500 is die gebied oorwegend deur <a href="/wiki/Germaanse_tale" title="Germaanse tale">Germaanssprekende mense</a> bewoon en hulle het pogings om Frans en gebruike wat op hulle afgedwing is teëgestaan. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Adolphe_Braun_Alsace_costume.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Adolphe_Braun_Alsace_costume.jpg/250px-Adolphe_Braun_Alsace_costume.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="347" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Adolphe_Braun_Alsace_costume.jpg/375px-Adolphe_Braun_Alsace_costume.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c3/Adolphe_Braun_Alsace_costume.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="694" /></a><figcaption>'n Elsas vrou in tradisionele drag.</figcaption></figure> <p>Beide Alsace en Lotharinge het as "Reichsland Elsaß-Lotharingen" (Elsas-Lotharinge), deel geword van die nuwe Duitse Ryk onder kanselier <a href="/wiki/Otto_von_Bismarck" title="Otto von Bismarck">Otto von Bismarck</a> na die <a href="/wiki/Frans-Pruisiese_Oorlog" class="mw-redirect" title="Frans-Pruisiese Oorlog">Frans-Pruisiese Oorlog</a> van 1870–1871. 'n Geskatte 50 000 mense (uit 'n totale bevolking van omtrent 1,5 miljoen) het geëmigreer, onder andere na Frankryk en Amerika. Frans is in skole verban en alle <a href="/wiki/Koerant" title="Koerant">koerante</a> moes in Duits gepubliseer word.<sup id="cite_ref-VA_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-VA-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Elsas het deel gebly van Duitsland tot aan die einde van die <a href="/wiki/Eerste_W%C3%AAreldoorlog" title="Eerste Wêreldoorlog">Eerste Wêreldoorlog</a> toe Duitsland dit in terme van die <a href="/wiki/Verdrag_van_Versailles" title="Verdrag van Versailles">Verdrag van Versailles</a> afgestaan het. <a href="/wiki/VSA" class="mw-redirect" title="VSA">VSA</a> President <a href="/wiki/Woodrow_Wilson" title="Woodrow Wilson">Woodrow Wilson</a> het egter aangedring dat die <i>région</i> wetlik selfregeringstatus moes hê aangesien die grondwet daarvan gestel het dat dit alleen deur die outoriteit van die <a href="/wiki/Keiser" title="Keiser">Keiser</a> gebind is en nie aan die Duitse staat nie. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Maginot_line_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Maginot_line_1.jpg/250px-Maginot_line_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Maginot_line_1.jpg/375px-Maginot_line_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Maginot_line_1.jpg/500px-Maginot_line_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>Die ingang na Ouvrage Schoenenbourg langs die <a href="/wiki/Maginotlinie" title="Maginotlinie">Maginotlinie</a> in Elsas</figcaption></figure> <p>Gevolglik het die regering van Elsas-Lotharinge onafhanklikheid verklaar as die <a href="/w/index.php?title=Republiek_van_Elsas-Lotharinge&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Republiek van Elsas-Lotharinge (bladsy bestaan nie)">Republiek van Elsas-Lotharinge</a>, maar dit kon nie die Franse teëstaan wat dit 'n week later oorgeneem het nie. Frankryk het nie 'n plebissiet geduld soos op daardie stadium deur die <a href="/wiki/Volkebond" title="Volkebond">Volkebond</a> toegestaan is in sommige Duitse gebiede nie. </p><p>Na die Eerste Wêreldoorlog is die vestiging van Duitse identiteit in Elsas omgekeer. Duitsers wat hulle na 1871 in Elsas gevestig het, is verban. Frans het die amptelike en onderwystaal geword. Die <i>région</i> was nie onderworpe aan sommige van die veranderinge in Franse reg van 1871 tot 1919, soos die Wet op die Skeiding van die Kerk en die Staat nie. </p><p>Die Maginotlinie wat tussen 1930 en 1939 deur Frankryk gebou is het deur Elsas geloop. In September 1939 toe <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Hitler" title="Adolf Hitler">Hitler</a> <a href="/wiki/Pole" title="Pole">Pole</a> binne geval het, is een derde van Elsas se bevolking summier na Perigord aan die ander kant van Frankryk geëvakueer. In Junie 1940 is die Maginotlinie maklik omseil en die <i>région</i> is in effek deur Nazi Duitsland geannekseer en heropgeneem in die <i>Großdeutsches Reich</i> (Groot-Duitse Ryk). Elsas is verenig met Baden, en Lotharinge met <a href="/wiki/Saarland" title="Saarland">Saarland</a>. Die Duitse regering het nooit oor die vraagstuk onderhandel of formeel anneksasie verklaar nie. Hoogduits was die enigste geoorloofde taal. 'n Honderd en veertig duisend mans tussen die ouderdom sewentien en agt-en-dertig, wat as die <i>Malgré-nous</i> (teen ons sin) bekend gestaan het, is deur die Duitse leër opgeroep en gedwing om teen hulle landgenote te veg.<sup id="cite_ref-VA_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-VA-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Frankryk het weer beheer oor die oorloggeteisterde gebied verkry in 1944 en die beleid om Frans aan te moedig voortgesit. Van 1945 tot 1984 is die gebruik van Duits in koerante byvoorbeeld beperk tot 'n maksimum van 25%. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Elsas_ná_1945"><span id="Elsas_n.C3.A1_1945"></span>Elsas ná 1945</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elsas&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Wysig afdeling: Elsas ná 1945" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elsas&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Elsas ná 1945"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1949 is Straatsburg as setel van die nuutgestigte Europaraad gekies. Hierdie besluit het aan die beginpunt van Elsas se na-oorlogse "Europese tradisie" gestaan. Straatsburg is in 1979 ook as een van die twee setels van die Europese Parlement gekies (naas Brussel) sodat Elsas homself naas die <a href="/wiki/Benelux" title="Benelux">Benelux</a>-lande as kerngebied van die <a href="/wiki/Europese_Unie" title="Europese Unie">Europese Unie</a> gevestig het. Die Europese Parlement het aanvanklik in die vergadersaal (<i>Hémicycle</i>) van die Europese Raad byeengekom en in 1999 sy eie gebou betrek. </p><p>Eers in die 1980's het die Wes-Duitse regering ingestem om skadeloosstelling aan Elsassers te betaal wat gedurende die Nasionaalsosialistiese besettingstyd gedwing is om diensplig in die Duitse weermag te doen. Geregtigdes het 'n eenmalige bedrag van gemiddeld DM 3 000 ontvang. </p><p>Die Elsassiese taal en kultuur is ná die oorlog deur die Franse owerheid gemarginaliseer sodat 'n groot deel van die bevolking na Frans as omgangstaal oorgeskakel het. Weens die strukturele veranderings in die plaaslike landbousektor, die vinnige verstedelikingsproses en immigrasie uit ander dele van Frankryk asook <a href="/wiki/Itali%C3%AB" title="Italië">Italië</a>, <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turkye" title="Turkye">Turkye</a> en <a href="/wiki/Noord-Afrika" title="Noord-Afrika">Noord-Afrika</a> het die etniese samestelling van die bevolking ook verander. </p><p>Tans fungeer Frans as enigste amps- en onderwystaal. Steeds minder mense het kennis van Elsas se inheemse Alemanniese dialekte of Standaardduits, en dit is veral ouer inwoners wat Elsassiese Duits nog magtig is, of dit as omgangstaal besig. Nogtans het in 2010 48,1 persent van kinders in kleuter- en 91,1 persent van leerders in laerskole onderwys in Duits as vreemde taal ontvang. In middelskole het hierdie persentasie nog 73,2 persent beloop, in die hoogste standerds van hoërskole (<i>lycées</i>) net 15,4 persent. Hierdie persentasies is bo die gemiddeld van Frankryk. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geografie">Geografie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elsas&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Wysig afdeling: Geografie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elsas&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Geografie"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:GBplaine.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/GBplaine.jpg/250px-GBplaine.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/GBplaine.jpg/375px-GBplaine.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/GBplaine.jpg/500px-GBplaine.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2272" data-file-height="1704" /></a><figcaption>Die <a href="/wiki/Vogese" title="Vogese">Vogese</a> en die Elsasvlakte</figcaption></figure> <p>Elsas dek 'n oppervlak van 8,280 km² (190 km lank by 50 km wyd 1,5% van die oppervlak van Frankryk), wat dit die kleinste région van metropolitaanse <a href="/wiki/Frankryk" title="Frankryk">Frankryk</a> maak. <a href="/wiki/Korsika" title="Korsika">Korsika</a> het omtrent die selfde oppervlak. Dit strek van suid na noord langs die <a href="/wiki/Ryn" title="Ryn">Ryn</a> wat dit in die ooste begrens. Dit word in die noorde deur die <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lauter&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lauter (bladsy bestaan nie)">Lauterrivier</a> begrens waar die Duitse palts begin, en in die ooste deur die Ryn met <a href="/wiki/Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg" title="Baden-Württemberg">Baden-Württemberg</a> aan die anderkant van daarvan, in die suide deur <a href="/wiki/Switserland" title="Switserland">Switserland</a>, in die suidweste deur die région <a href="/wiki/Franche-Comt%C3%A9" title="Franche-Comté">Franche-Comté</a> en in die weste deur die région <a href="/wiki/Lotharinge" class="mw-redirect" title="Lotharinge">Lotharinge</a>. </p><p>Die streek word in 'n aantal verskillende landskappe verdeel: </p> <ul><li>in die Ooste <i>die Elsasvlakte</i> (wat saam met Baden in <a href="/wiki/Duitsland" title="Duitsland">Duitsland</a> die <i>Fossé rhénan</i> vorm) wat deur die <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ill&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ill (bladsy bestaan nie)">Illrivier</a> gedreineer word en toegewy is tot grootskaalse graanboerdery; woude beklee steeds 'n belangrike posisie (die Haguenauwoud in die noorde en die Hardt in die suide) ;</li> <li>tussen die Ryn en die Ill, <i>le Ried</i>, van die <a href="/wiki/Alemanniese_Duits" title="Alemanniese Duits">Alemannies</a> vir <i>riet</i>. Die nat moerassige sone behou sy natuurlike karakter wat op merkwaardige wyse deur die ou vroeër wilde rivier gevorm is (woude deurkruis deur die sytakke van die Ryn, oorspoelde vleie, fonteine, riviere), waar natuurreservate en beskermde gebiede mens met wonder vervul.</li> <li>in die Weste oorheers die <a href="/wiki/Vogese" title="Vogese">Vogese</a> met groot valleie met die slik van die Ill; hier is daar hooglandweivelde (Hautes Chaumes) wat afgewissel word met woude; die Grand Ballon 1424 m , geleë in die <a href="/wiki/Haut-Rhin" title="Haut-Rhin">Haut-Rhin</a>, is die hoogste punt van Elsas;</li> <li><i>die Vogese voetheuwels</i> vorm die skakel tussen beide groepe. Die Vogesheuwels bevat die Elsasiese wynlande.</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sundgau&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sundgau (bladsy bestaan nie)">Sundgau</a></i>, heuwelgebied suid van Mulhouse.</li> <li><i>Elsas-Jura</i> in die suidelike punt van die gebied.</li></ul> <p>Elsas het 'n half-kontinentale klimaat met koue droë winter en warm somers. Daar is min neerslag aangesien die gebied in die weste deur die Vogese beskerm word. Dia stad Colmar het 'n sonnige mikroklimaat en is die tweede droogste stad in Frankryk met 'n jaarlikse neerslag van slegs 550 mm, wat dit ideaal maak vir <i>vin d'Alsace</i> (Elsas wyn). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ekonomie">Ekonomie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elsas&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Wysig afdeling: Ekonomie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elsas&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Ekonomie"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Vue_portiques_Port_de_Strasbourg_-_mars_2014.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Vue_portiques_Port_de_Strasbourg_-_mars_2014.JPG/220px-Vue_portiques_Port_de_Strasbourg_-_mars_2014.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Vue_portiques_Port_de_Strasbourg_-_mars_2014.JPG/330px-Vue_portiques_Port_de_Strasbourg_-_mars_2014.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Vue_portiques_Port_de_Strasbourg_-_mars_2014.JPG/440px-Vue_portiques_Port_de_Strasbourg_-_mars_2014.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a><figcaption>Houers in die <i>Port autonome de Strasbourg</i></figcaption></figure> <p>In ekonomiese opsig word Elsas onder die mees dinamiese en welvarendste streke in Frankryk gereken. Sy ligging teen die Ryn en sy moderne infrastruktuur verseker dat die streek voordeel kan trek uit sy integrasie in een van Europa se ekonomiese spilpunte waar handelstrome uit die noorde en suide gehanteer word. </p><p>Die florerende nywerheidsektor, met onder mer motorvervaardiging en petrochemiese aanlegte, dra tans sowat dertig persent by tot Elsas se bruto binnelandse produk (BBP). Met sy oop ekonomie word Elsas onder die Franse streke met die grootste buitelandse beleggings gereken. Die dienstesektor is die belangrikste ekonomiese dryfkrag, onder Meer danksy die hoogs moderne biotegnogiebedryf. Landboubedrywighede fokus op wynbou en <a href="/wiki/Hops" title="Hops">hop</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Taal">Taal</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elsas&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Wysig afdeling: Taal" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elsas&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Taal"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Teen die begin van die <a href="/wiki/21ste_eeu" title="21ste eeu">21ste eeu</a> is die taal wat die meeste in Elsas gepraat word <a href="/wiki/Frans" title="Frans">Standaardfrans</a>. Die tradisionele taal van die <i>région</i> is egter <a href="/wiki/Elsasser_Duits" class="mw-redirect" title="Elsasser Duits">Elsasser Duits</a> (Elsasser Duits: <i>Elsässer-Ditsch</i>), 'n <a href="/wiki/Nederalemanniese_Duits" title="Nederalemanniese Duits">Nederalemanniese</a> dialek van <a href="/wiki/Opperduits" title="Opperduits">Opperduits</a>. Elsas is nou verwant aan sommige van die dialekte wat in <a href="/wiki/Switserland" title="Switserland">Switserland</a> gepraat word, soos Baselduits, en oorkant die <a href="/wiki/Ryn" title="Ryn">Ryn</a> in <a href="/wiki/Duitsland" title="Duitsland">Duitsland</a>. In die heel noordelike gedeelte van Elsas word daar ook Frankiese dialekte van <a href="/wiki/Middelduits" title="Middelduits">Wes-Middelduits</a> gepraat. Nie Elsasser Duits nog die Frankiese dialekte het enige amptelike status nie. Beide word egter tans erken as tale van Frankryk en kan as skoolvakke gekies word. </p><p>In 2001 het 61 persent van die inwoners van Elsas hulleself as Elsasser Duitssprekendes beskou. Slegs 'n kwart van die jongmense in Elsas gebruik egter nog af en toe die Alemanniese streektaal, en slegs vyf persent van skoolbeginners het 'n kennis van die Elsasser dialek. Anti-Duitse gevoel na die <a href="/wiki/Tweede_W%C3%AAreldoorlog" title="Tweede Wêreldoorlog">Tweede Wêreldoorlog</a> het 'n skerp afname in geskrewe Duits tot gevolg gehad.<sup id="cite_ref-Mercator_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mercator-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Vandag is straatborde in Elsas is dikwels tweetalig in Frans en Elsasser Duits; soms word ook die ou Duitse straatname naas die nuwe Franse gebruik. Daar is nou ook dikwels plekname in Elsasser Duits naas die amptelike Franse name, soos in die geval van Steinbourg ("Steiweri" in Elsasser Duits). </p><p>In 'n paar valleie in die weste van Elsas teen die grens met <a href="/wiki/Lotharinge" class="mw-redirect" title="Lotharinge">Lotharinge</a>, wat altyd buite die Germaanse invloed gebly het, word <a href="/wiki/Lotharings" class="mw-redirect" title="Lotharings">Lotharingse</a> dialekte sedert die <a href="/wiki/Middeleeue" title="Middeleeue">Middeleeue</a> gepraat. </p><p>Sedert 1945 het die invloed van Standaardfrans in Elsas al hoe groter geword en die streek is vandag 'n hoofsaaklik Franssprekend. Hoewel Elsas baie keer gesien word as 'n tweetalige streek waar Frans en Elsasser Duits naas mekaar gepraat word, is Standaardfrans al hoe meer die taal wat tuis en by die werk gepraat word – met al hoe meer mense wat daarnaas goeie kennis van <a href="/wiki/Duits" title="Duits">Standaardduits</a> het. <a href="/wiki/Duitsland" title="Duitsland">Duitsland</a> is 'n belangrike buurman van Elsas en daar is meer as 70 000 oorgrens werkers wat bydra tot ouers se keuse om kinders eerder Standaardduits as die plaaslike dialek te leer. Standaardduits word ook op skool as 'n vreemde taal aangebied. </p><p>Sedert <a href="/wiki/1994" title="1994">1994</a> word tweetalige onderwys aangebied, insmoigge gevalle voilgense 'n volledig tweetalige model wat berus op drie beginsels: vroeë leer (van 3-jarige ouderdom), gelyke blootstelling aan beide tale (13 ure Duits, 13 ure Frans), wissel-stelsel, een taal, een onderwyser. Daar is wel 'n paar skole, veral kleuterskole, wat Elsasser Duits as onderrigtaal gebruik. Hoewel Duits by twee van Elsas se vier universiteite gestudeer kan word, word geen vakke in Duits aangebied nie.<sup id="cite_ref-Mercator_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mercator-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kookkuns,_wyn_en_bier"><span id="Kookkuns.2C_wyn_en_bier"></span>Kookkuns, wyn en bier</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elsas&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Wysig afdeling: Kookkuns, wyn en bier" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elsas&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Kookkuns, wyn en bier"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Alsace_Vineyard.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Alsace_Vineyard.jpg/250px-Alsace_Vineyard.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Alsace_Vineyard.jpg/375px-Alsace_Vineyard.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Alsace_Vineyard.jpg/500px-Alsace_Vineyard.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption>Elsas-wingerd</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Flameukeusche_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flameukeusche_1.jpg/250px-Flameukeusche_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flameukeusche_1.jpg/375px-Flameukeusche_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flameukeusche_1.jpg/500px-Flameukeusche_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1920" /></a><figcaption><i>Flammekueche</i></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Bottles_Alsace.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Bottles_Alsace.jpg/250px-Bottles_Alsace.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Bottles_Alsace.jpg/375px-Bottles_Alsace.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Bottles_Alsace.jpg/500px-Bottles_Alsace.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption>"n Versameling Elsaswyne</figcaption></figure> <p>Elsas se kostradisie word gekenmerk met gasvryheid en groot porsies. Elsas se kookkuns word sterk beïnvloed deur Duitse tradisies en <a href="/wiki/Varkvleis" title="Varkvleis">varkvleis</a> word in verskeie vorme gebruik. Tradisionele disse sluit in <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Baeckeoffe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Baeckeoffe (bladsy bestaan nie)">baeckeoffe</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Aartappel" title="Aartappel">aartappeldis</a> wat in 'n bakker se <i>bakoond</i> gebak word), <i>tarte flambée</i> of <i>flammekueche</i> (<a href="/wiki/Vlamkoek" title="Vlamkoek">vlamkoek</a>), <i>choucroute</i> (suurkool, <i><a href="/wiki/Sauerkraut" class="mw-redirect" title="Sauerkraut">Sûrkrût</a></i> of sauerkraut met wors en charcuterie), en <i>fleischnacka</i> (vleis-en-pasta-rol). Die suide van Elsas, wat ook as <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sundgau&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sundgau (bladsy bestaan nie)">Sundgau</a> bekend staan, is bekend vir <i>carpe frite</i> (gebraaide <a href="/wiki/Karp" title="Karp">karp</a>). Soos in ander Alemanniese en Swabiese streke van Suid-Duitsland, die Duitstalige <a href="/wiki/Switserland" title="Switserland">Switserland</a> (hier bekend as <i>spätzli</i>) en westelike dele van Oostenryk word <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A4tzle" title="Spätzle">spätzle</a>,'n bekende soort vermicelli, ook saam met <a href="/wiki/Sous" title="Sous">sous</a> as 'n hoofgereg bedien. </p><p>Soetgoed sluit in 'n groot verskeidenheid koekies genaamd <i>brédalas</i> en <i>pain d'épice</i> (gemmerbrood) wat in die feestydperk in Desember gebak en van Sint Nikolaasdag voorgesit word. <i>Kougelhopf</i> is so te sê die embleem van Elsas en Elsas-appeltert of <i>La tarte au fromage blanc</i> (kaaskoek) is ander bekende disse. </p><p>Elsas is 'n wynbougebied wat hoofsaaklik <a href="/wiki/Witwyn" title="Witwyn">witwyne</a> produseer. Die streek se <a href="/wiki/Wyn" title="Wyn">wyne</a>, wat 'n sterk Duitse invloed het, staan bekend as <i>vins d'Alsace</i>. Die streek produseer van die hoogaangeskrewe <a href="/wiki/Riesling" title="Riesling">Rieslings</a>. Dit is die enigste gebied in Frankryk wat meestal <a href="/w/index.php?title=Varietal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Varietal (bladsy bestaan nie)">varietal</a> wyne produseer, meestal van druifsoorte wat ook in Duitsland verbou word soos Gewürztraminer, Riesling, Muskaat, Savagnin, Pinot Blanc, Klevener de Heiligenstein en Pinot Gris wat ook as <i>Tokay d'Alsace</i> bekend staan. <i>L'Edelzwicker</i> is 'n versnitwyn wat uit verskeie variëteite gemaak word. <i>Le Crémant d'Alsace</i> is 'n wit vonkelwyn. Pinot noir is die enigste <a href="/wiki/Rooiwyn" title="Rooiwyn">rooiwyn</a> wat in die streek geproduseer word. </p><p>Elsas is ook die hoof <a href="/wiki/Bier" title="Bier">bier</a>-produserende streek van Frankryk, veral danksy die brouerye in en om <a href="/wiki/Straatsburg" title="Straatsburg">Straatsburg</a>. Bekende bierhandelsmerke sluit in <i>Kronenbourg</i>, <i>Fischer</i>, <i>Heineken</i>, <i>Météor</i> en <i>Kanterbräu</i> in. <a href="/wiki/Hops" title="Hops">Hops</a> word in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kochersberg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kochersberg (bladsy bestaan nie)">Kochersberg</a> en in noordelike Elsas verbou. </p><p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Schnapps&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Schnapps (bladsy bestaan nie)">Schnapps</a> word ook tradisioneel in Elsas vervaardig, maar dit is aan die afneem aangesien die aantal distilleerders minder algemeen is en die verbruik van tradisionele, sterk alkoholiese drankies aan die af neem is. </p><p>Elsas is verder bekend vir sy vrugtesappe-<a href="/wiki/Mineraalwater" title="Mineraalwater">mineraalwater</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sien_ook">Sien ook</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elsas&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Wysig afdeling: Sien ook" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elsas&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Sien ook"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elsas-Lotaringe" title="Elsas-Lotaringe">Elsas-Lotaringe</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Verwysings">Verwysings</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elsas&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Wysig afdeling: Verwysings" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elsas&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Verwysings"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table role="presentation" class="mbox-small plainlinks sistersitebox" style="background-color:var(--background-color-base, #fff);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base, #a2a9b1);color:inherit"> <tbody><tr> <td class="mbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></td> <td class="mbox-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons bevat media in verband met <i><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Alsace" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Alsace">Alsace</a></b></i>.</td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-VA-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-VA_1-0">1,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-VA_1-1">1,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.visit-alsace.com/">Visit Alsace</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.visit-alsace.com/librairie/index.html">A Little History</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070206074131/http://www.visit-alsace.com/librairie/index.html">Geargiveer</a> 6 Februarie 2007 op <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, besoek op 10 Maart 2007</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mercator-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Mercator_2-0">2,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Mercator_2-1">2,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mercator-education.org/">Mercator</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090620073507/http://www.mercator-education.org/">Geargiveer</a> 20 Junie 2009 op <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www1.fa.knaw.nl/mercator/regionale_dossiers/regional_dossier_german_in_france.htm">The German language in education in Alsace, France</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071219232145/http://www1.fa.knaw.nl/mercator/regionale_dossiers/regional_dossier_german_in_france.htm">Geargiveer</a> 19 Desember 2007 op <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, besoek op 10 Maart 2007</span> </li> </ol></div> <table class="toccolours" style="margin:1em auto; text-align:center; clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th style="background-color:#ccccff; width:100%;"><a href="/wiki/Franse_geweste" title="Franse geweste">Die administratiewe geweste van Frankryk</a> (<i>Régions de France</i>)</th> <th><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Flag_of_France.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of France"><img alt="Flag of France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/50px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="33" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/75px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/100px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="font-size: 90%;" colspan="2"><b>Metropolitaanse geweste</b> (<i>Régions métropolitaines</i>): </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-size: 100%;" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Akwitani%C3%AB" title="Akwitanië">Akwitanië</a> | <a href="/wiki/Auvergne" title="Auvergne">Auvergne</a> | <a href="/wiki/Boergondi%C3%AB_(gewes)" title="Boergondië (gewes)">Boergondië</a> | <a href="/wiki/Bretagne" title="Bretagne">Bretagne</a> | <a href="/wiki/Centre-Val_de_Loire" title="Centre-Val de Loire">Centre-Val de Loire</a> | <a href="/wiki/Champagne-Ardenne" title="Champagne-Ardenne">Champagne-Ardenne</a> | <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Elsas</a> | <a href="/wiki/Franche-Comt%C3%A9" title="Franche-Comté">Franche-Comté</a> | <a href="/wiki/%C3%8Ele-de-France" title="Île-de-France">Île-de-France</a> | <a href="/wiki/Korsika" title="Korsika">Korsika</a> | <a href="/wiki/Languedoc-Roussillon" title="Languedoc-Roussillon">Languedoc-Roussillon</a> | <a href="/wiki/Limousin" title="Limousin">Limousin</a> | <a href="/wiki/Lotaringe" title="Lotaringe">Lotaringe</a> | <a href="/wiki/Midi-Pyr%C3%A9n%C3%A9es" title="Midi-Pyrénées">Midi-Pyrénées</a> | <a href="/wiki/Nord-Pas-de-Calais" title="Nord-Pas-de-Calais">Nord-Pas-de-Calais</a> | <a href="/wiki/Basse-Normandie" title="Basse-Normandie">Basse-Normandie</a> | <a href="/wiki/Haute-Normandie" title="Haute-Normandie">Haute-Normandie</a> | <a href="/wiki/Pays_de_la_Loire" title="Pays de la Loire">Pays de la Loire</a> | <a href="/wiki/Pikardi%C3%AB" title="Pikardië">Pikardië</a> | <a href="/wiki/Poitou-Charentes" title="Poitou-Charentes">Poitou-Charentes</a> | <a href="/wiki/Provence-Alpes-C%C3%B4te_d%27Azur" title="Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur">Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur</a> | <a href="/wiki/Rh%C3%B4ne-Alpes" title="Rhône-Alpes">Rhône-Alpes</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-size: 90%;" colspan="2"><b>Metropolitaanse geweste 2016</b> (<i>Régions métropolitaines</i>): </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-size: 100%;" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Auvergne-Rh%C3%B4ne-Alpes" title="Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes">Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes</a> | <a href="/wiki/Boergondi%C3%AB-Franche-Comt%C3%A9" title="Boergondië-Franche-Comté">Boergondië-Franche-Comté</a> | <a href="/wiki/Bretagne" title="Bretagne">Bretagne</a> | <a href="/wiki/Centre-Val_de_Loire" title="Centre-Val de Loire">Centre-Val de Loire</a> | <a href="/wiki/Grand_Est" title="Grand Est">Grand Est</a> | <a href="/wiki/Hauts-de-France" title="Hauts-de-France">Hauts-de-France</a> | <a href="/wiki/%C3%8Ele-de-France" title="Île-de-France">Île-de-France</a> | <a href="/wiki/Korsika" title="Korsika">Korsika</a> | <a href="/wiki/Nieu-Akwitani%C3%AB" title="Nieu-Akwitanië">Nieu-Akwitanië</a> | <a href="/wiki/Normandi%C3%AB" title="Normandië">Normandië</a> | <a href="/wiki/Oksitani%C3%AB" title="Oksitanië">Oksitanië</a> | <a href="/wiki/Pays_de_la_Loire" title="Pays de la Loire">Pays de la Loire</a> | <a href="/wiki/Provence-Alpes-C%C3%B4te_d%27Azur" title="Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur">Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-size: 90%;" colspan="2"><b><a href="/wiki/Franse_oorsese_gebiede" title="Franse oorsese gebiede">Oorsese geweste</a></b> (<i>Régions d’outre-mer</i>): </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-size: 90%;" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Frans-Guyana" title="Frans-Guyana">Frans-Guyana</a> | <a href="/wiki/Guadeloupe" title="Guadeloupe">Guadeloupe</a> | <a href="/wiki/Martinique" title="Martinique">Martinique</a> | <a href="/wiki/Mayotte" title="Mayotte">Mayotte</a> | <a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9union" title="Réunion">Réunion</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Normdata_frameless_&#124;text-top_&#124;10px_&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata_&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1142&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th id="Normdata_frameless_&#124;text-top_&#124;10px_&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata_&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1142&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hulp:Normdata" title="Hulp:Normdata">Normdata</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1142" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_Nacional_de_Espa%C3%B1a" class="mw-redirect" title="Biblioteca Nacional de España">BNE</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX450859">XX450859</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Biblioth%C3%A8que_nationale_de_France" title="Bibliothèque nationale de France">BNF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119832719">cb119832719</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119832719">(data)</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gemeinsame_Normdatei" title="Gemeinsame Normdatei">GND</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4014500-1">4014500-1</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Historical_Dictionary_of_Switzerland" class="mw-redirect" title="Historical Dictionary of Switzerland">HDS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hls-dhs-dss.ch/fr/articles/007022">007022</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Control_Number" title="Library of Congress Control Number">LCCN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n81007355">n81007355</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/MusicBrainz" title="MusicBrainz">MusicBrainz</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/area/becf5db4-f6d0-4d12-ae34-d8d2ce4a2c53">becf5db4-f6d0-4d12-ae34-d8d2ce4a2c53</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/National_Archives_and_Records_Administration" title="National Archives and Records Administration">NARA</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10046694">10046694</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/National_Diet_Library" class="mw-redirect" title="National Diet Library">NDL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00628165">00628165</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_the_Czech_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="National Library of the Czech Republic">NKC</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge128655&CON_LNG=ENG">ge128655</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/National_and_University_Library_in_Zagreb" class="mw-redirect" title="National and University Library in Zagreb">NSK</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://katalog.nsk.hr/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000566178&local_base=nsk10">000566178</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/RERO_(Library_Network_of_Western_Switzerland)" class="mw-redirect" title="RERO (Library Network of Western Switzerland)">RERO</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.rero.ch/02-A024242491">02-A024242491</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Syst%C3%A8me_universitaire_de_documentation" title="Système universitaire de documentation">SUDOC</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/02788743X">02788743X</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Virtual_International_Authority_File" title="Virtual International Authority File">VIAF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/139248627">139248627</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/WorldCat" title="WorldCat">WorldCat Identities</a> (via VIAF): <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/identities/containsVIAFID/139248627">139248627</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Ontsluit van "<a dir="ltr" href="https://af.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Elsas&oldid=2434487">https://af.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Elsas&oldid=2434487</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Kategorie%C3%AB" title="Spesiaal:Kategorieë">Kategorie</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Elsas" title="Kategorie:Elsas">Elsas</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Versteekte kategorieë: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Artikels_met_BNE-identifiseerders" title="Kategorie:Artikels met BNE-identifiseerders">Artikels met BNE-identifiseerders</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Artikels_met_BNF-identifiseerders" title="Kategorie:Artikels met BNF-identifiseerders">Artikels met BNF-identifiseerders</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Artikels_met_GND-identifiseerders" title="Kategorie:Artikels met GND-identifiseerders">Artikels met GND-identifiseerders</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Artikels_met_HDS-identifiseerders" title="Kategorie:Artikels met HDS-identifiseerders">Artikels met HDS-identifiseerders</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Artikels_met_LCCN-identifiseerders" title="Kategorie:Artikels met LCCN-identifiseerders">Artikels met LCCN-identifiseerders</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Artikels_met_MusicBrainz_area-identifiseerders" title="Kategorie:Artikels met MusicBrainz area-identifiseerders">Artikels met MusicBrainz area-identifiseerders</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Artikels_met_NARA-identifiseerders" title="Kategorie:Artikels met NARA-identifiseerders">Artikels met NARA-identifiseerders</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Artikels_met_NDL-identifiseerders" title="Kategorie:Artikels met NDL-identifiseerders">Artikels met NDL-identifiseerders</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Artikels_met_NKC-identifiseerders" title="Kategorie:Artikels met NKC-identifiseerders">Artikels met NKC-identifiseerders</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Artikels_met_NSK-identifiseerders" title="Kategorie:Artikels met NSK-identifiseerders">Artikels met NSK-identifiseerders</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Artikels_met_RERO-identifiseerders" title="Kategorie:Artikels met RERO-identifiseerders">Artikels met RERO-identifiseerders</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Artikels_met_SUDOC-identifiseerders" title="Kategorie:Artikels met SUDOC-identifiseerders">Artikels met SUDOC-identifiseerders</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Artikels_met_VIAF-identifiseerders" title="Kategorie:Artikels met VIAF-identifiseerders">Artikels met VIAF-identifiseerders</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Artikels_met_WorldCat-VIAF-identifiseerders" title="Kategorie:Artikels met WorldCat-VIAF-identifiseerders">Artikels met WorldCat-VIAF-identifiseerders</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Normdata_met_13_elemente" title="Kategorie:Normdata met 13 elemente">Normdata met 13 elemente</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Die bladsy is laas op 14 Augustus 2021 om 22:29 bygewerk.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Die teks is beskikbaar onder die lisensie <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/">Creative Commons Erkenning-Insgelyks Deel</a>. Aanvullende voorwaardes kan moontlik ook van toepassing wees. Sien die <a class="external text" href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use">Algemene Voorwaardes</a> vir meer inligting.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privaatheidsbeleid</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Oor">Inligting oor Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Voorwaardes">Vrywaring</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Gedragskode</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Ontwikkelaars</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/af.wikipedia.org">Statistieke</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Koekieverklaring</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//af.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Elsas&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Selfoonweergawe</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-bxzm6","wgBackendResponseTime":185,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.171","walltime":"0.356","ppvisitednodes":{"value":595,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":16170,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":1143,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":13,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":14,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":0,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":2253,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 149.735 1 -total"," 40.91% 61.257 1 Sjabloon:Normdata"," 36.70% 54.960 1 Sjabloon:CommonsKategorie"," 16.62% 24.893 1 Sjabloon:Commons"," 14.45% 21.643 1 Sjabloon:Susterprojek"," 12.51% 18.734 1 Sjabloon:Verwysings"," 11.85% 17.736 1 Sjabloon:Sykas"," 7.39% 11.063 3 Sjabloon:Webarchive"," 4.96% 7.421 1 Sjabloon:Régions_van_Frankryk"," 4.79% 7.168 3 Sjabloon:Date"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.042","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":1694995,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-ddwrv","timestamp":"20241123195853","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Elsas","url":"https:\/\/af.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Elsas","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q1142","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q1142","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2007-03-06T19:48:12Z","dateModified":"2021-08-14T22:29:51Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/5\/5f\/Alsace_map.png","headline":"administratiewe gewes (r\u00e9gion) van Frankryk"}</script> </body> </html>