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edu_subject-stem"> <header class="riaus"> <div class="riaus__breadcrumbs"> <a class="riaus__breadcrumbs__title brand-color">Resources</a> <div class="listing__terms"> <a href = "https://education.cosmosmagazine.com/resources/article/" class="listing__term ">Article</a> & <a href = "https://education.cosmosmagazine.com/resources/professional-learning/" class="listing__term ">Professional Learning</a> </div> </div> <div class="riaus__header"> <div class="riaus__wrapper"> <h1 class="entry-title" itemprop="name headline"> Is mathematics real? A viral TikTok video raises a legitimate question with exciting answers </h1> <div class="riaus__terms grid"> <div> <h3>Years</h3> <span> 7-12 </span> </div> <div class="subjects-topics"> <h3>Subjects/Topics:</h3> <div class="listing__terms__bg"> <a href = "https://education.cosmosmagazine.com/subjects/mathematical-sciences/" class="listing__term__bg mathematical-sciences-bg-color">Mathematical Sciences</a><a href = "https://education.cosmosmagazine.com/subjects/stem/" class="listing__term__bg stem-bg-color">STEM</a><a href = "https://education.cosmosmagazine.com/category/stem-in-action/" class="listing__term__bg stem-in-action-bg-color">STEM in Action</a><a href = "https://education.cosmosmagazine.com/category/tools-for-teachers/" class="listing__term__bg tools-for-teachers-bg-color">Tools for Teachers</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="dialog-container"> <dialog class="favDialog"> <div class="favDialog__body"> <p>Please login to favourite this article.</p> </div> <div class="favDialog__footer"> <button class="button closeDialog">Close</button> <button class="button loginUrl">Login</button> </div> </dialog> <button class="showDialog"> <i class="icon-bookmark"></i> </button> </div></div> </header> <div class="entry-content riaus__article-body" itemprop="articleBody"> <div class="wpb-content-wrapper"><div class="vc_row wpb_row vc_row-fluid"><div class="wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-12"><div class="vc_column-inner"><div class="wpb_wrapper"></div></div></div></div><div class="vc_row wpb_row vc_row-fluid"><div class="wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-10"><div class="vc_column-inner"><div class="wpb_wrapper"><div class="vc_separator wpb_content_element vc_separator_align_center vc_sep_width_100 vc_sep_pos_align_center vc_separator_no_text vc_sep_color_white" ><span class="vc_sep_holder vc_sep_holder_l"><span class="vc_sep_line"></span></span><span class="vc_sep_holder vc_sep_holder_r"><span class="vc_sep_line"></span></span> </div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element " > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <p><strong>Mathematics lecturer Daniel Mansfield tackles this challenging question, similar to those often asked to educators by their students (alongside “what’s the point?” and “when am I ever going to need this?”).</strong></p> <p>Explore the history of maths with secondary school students to help them to understand how we’ve gotten to where we are with maths and the importance of it. Use this article to encourage students to ask questions, dig deeper, and think critically as these are all skills of successful STEM individuals.</p> <p> </p> <p>Word Count: 762</p> </div> </div> </div></div></div><div class="wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-2"><div class="vc_column-inner"><div class="wpb_wrapper"></div></div></div></div><div class="vc_row wpb_row vc_row-fluid"><div class="wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-10"><div class="vc_column-inner"><div class="wpb_wrapper"> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element " > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <figure id="attachment_11043" class="thumbnail wp-caption alignnone" style="width: 640px"><img fetchpriority="high" decoding="async" class="wp-image-11043 size-full" src="https://education.cosmosmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/030920_is-mathematics-real_640x360.png?x50614" alt="Coloured Penrose triangles on a black background" width="640" height="360" srcset="https://education.cosmosmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/030920_is-mathematics-real_640x360.png 640w, https://education.cosmosmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/030920_is-mathematics-real_640x360-300x169.png 300w" sizes="(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px" /><figcaption class="caption wp-caption-text">Credit: Shutterstock</figcaption></figure> </div> </div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element " > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <p><strong>While filming herself getting ready for work recently,</strong> TikTok user <a href="https://www.tiktok.com/@gracie.ham/video/6864198263063448837" rel="noopener"><span style="color: #28aae1;">@gracie.ham</span></a> reached deep into the ancient foundations of mathematics and found an absolute gem of a question:</p> <blockquote><p> How could someone come up with a concept like algebra? </p></blockquote> <p>She also asked what the ancient Greek philosopher Pythagoras might have used mathematics for, and other questions that revolve around the age-old conundrum of whether mathematics is “real” or something humans just made up.</p> <p>Many responded negatively to the post, but others — including mathematicians like me — found the questions quite insightful.</p> </div> </div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element " > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <h3>Is mathematics real?</h3> </div> </div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element " > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <p>Philosophers and mathematicians have been <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philosophy_of_mathematics#Mathematical_realism" rel="noopener"><span style="color: #28aae1;">arguing over this</span></a> for centuries. Some believe mathematics is universal; others consider it only as real as anything else humans have invented.</p> <p>Thanks to @gracie.ham, Twitter users have now vigorously joined the debate.</p> <div class="entry-content-asset videofit"> <blockquote class="twitter-tweet" data-width="550" data-dnt="true"> <p lang="en" dir="ltr">If she's asking how we uncover mathematical truths, are those truths real or constructed etc indicates she likely got an A in algebra without even trying</p> <p>— Lauren Pleska 🏳️‍🌈 (@RadFemme74) <a href="https://twitter.com/RadFemme74/status/1299273758256115713?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw" rel="noopener">August 28, 2020</a> </p></blockquote> <p><script async src="https://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js" charset="utf-8"></script></div> <p>For me, part of the answer lies in history.</p> <p>From one perspective, mathematics is a universal language used to describe the world around us. For instance, two apples plus three apples is always five apples, regardless of your point of view.</p> <p>But mathematics is also a language used by humans, so it is not independent of culture. History shows us that different cultures had their own understanding of mathematics.</p> <p>Unfortunately, most of this ancient understanding is now lost. In just about every ancient culture, a few scattered texts are all that remain of their scientific knowledge.</p> <p>However, there is one ancient culture that left behind an absolute abundance of texts.</p> </div> </div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element " > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <h3>Babylonian algebra</h3> </div> </div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element " > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <p>Buried in the deserts of modern Iraq, clay tablets from ancient Babylon have survived intact for about 4,000 years.</p> <p>These tablets are slowly being translated and what we have learned so far is that the Babylonians were practical people who were highly numerate and knew how to solve sophisticated problems with numbers.</p> <p>Their arithmetic was different from ours, though. They didn’t use zero or negative numbers. They even mapped out the motion of the planets without using calculus as we do.</p> </div> </div> <div class="vc_separator wpb_content_element vc_separator_align_center vc_sep_width_100 vc_sep_pos_align_center vc_separator_no_text vc_sep_color_grey" ><span class="vc_sep_holder vc_sep_holder_l"><span class="vc_sep_line"></span></span><span class="vc_sep_holder vc_sep_holder_r"><span class="vc_sep_line"></span></span> </div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element " > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <h3><strong>Also: <a href="https://education.cosmosmagazine.com/the-mystique-of-mathematics-shown-in-5-beautiful-maths-phenomena/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><span style="color: #28aae1;">The mystique of mathematics shown in 5 beautiful maths phenomena</span></a></strong></h3> </div> </div> <div class="vc_separator wpb_content_element vc_separator_align_center vc_sep_width_100 vc_sep_pos_align_center vc_separator_no_text vc_sep_color_grey" ><span class="vc_sep_holder vc_sep_holder_l"><span class="vc_sep_line"></span></span><span class="vc_sep_holder vc_sep_holder_r"><span class="vc_sep_line"></span></span> </div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element " > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <p>Of particular importance for @gracie.ham’s question about the origins of algebra is that they knew that the numbers 3, 4 and 5 correspond to the lengths of the sides and diagonal of a rectangle. They also knew these numbers satisfied the fundamental relation 3² + 4² = 5² that ensures the sides are perpendicular.</p> </div> </div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element " > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <figure id="attachment_11026" class="thumbnail wp-caption alignright" style="width: 479px"><img decoding="async" class="wp-image-11026 size-full" src="https://education.cosmosmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/020920_pythagoras_479x360.png?x50614" alt="" width="479" height="360" srcset="https://education.cosmosmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/020920_pythagoras_479x360.png 479w, https://education.cosmosmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/020920_pythagoras_479x360-300x225.png 300w" sizes="(max-width: 479px) 100vw, 479px" /><figcaption class="caption wp-caption-text">No theorems were harmed (or used) in the construction of this rectangle.</figcaption></figure> <p> </p> <p>The Babylonians did all this without modern algebraic concepts. We would express a more general version of the same idea using Pythagoras’ theorem: any right-angled triangle with sides of length <em>a</em> and <em>b</em> and hypotenuse <em>c</em> satisfies <em>a</em>² + <em>b</em>² = <em>c</em>².</p> <p>The Babylonian perspective omits algebraic variables, theorems, axioms and proofs not because they were ignorant but because these ideas had not yet developed. In short, these social constructs began more than 1,000 years later, in ancient Greece. The Babylonians happily and productively did mathematics and solved problems without any of these relatively modern notions.</p> </div> </div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element " > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <h3>What was it all for?</h3> </div> </div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element " > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <p>@gracie.ham also asks how Pythagoras came up with his theorem. The short answer is: he didn’t.</p> <p>Pythagoras of Samos (c. 570-495 BC) probably heard about the idea we now associate with his name while he was in Egypt. He may have been the person to introduce it to Greece, but we don’t really know.</p> <p>Pythagoras didn’t use his theorem for anything practical. He was primarily interested in numerology and the mysticism of numbers, rather than the applications of mathematics.</p> </div> </div> <div class="vc_separator wpb_content_element vc_separator_align_center vc_sep_width_100 vc_sep_pos_align_center vc_separator_no_text vc_sep_color_grey" ><span class="vc_sep_holder vc_sep_holder_l"><span class="vc_sep_line"></span></span><span class="vc_sep_holder vc_sep_holder_r"><span class="vc_sep_line"></span></span> </div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element " > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <h3>Also: <a href="https://theconversation.com/curious-kids-how-was-maths-discovered-who-made-up-the-numbers-and-rules-121509" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><span style="color: #28aae1;">Curious Kids: how was maths discovered? Who made up the numbers and rules?</span></a></h3> </div> </div> <div class="vc_separator wpb_content_element vc_separator_align_center vc_sep_width_100 vc_sep_pos_align_center vc_separator_no_text vc_sep_color_grey" ><span class="vc_sep_holder vc_sep_holder_l"><span class="vc_sep_line"></span></span><span class="vc_sep_holder vc_sep_holder_r"><span class="vc_sep_line"></span></span> </div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element " > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <p>The Babylonians, on the other hand, may well have used their knowledge of right triangles for more concrete purposes, although we don’t really know. We do have evidence from ancient India and Rome showing the dimensions 3-4-5 were used as a simple but effective way to create right angles in the construction of religious altars and surveying.</p> <p>Without modern tools, how do you make right angles <em>just right</em>? Ancient Hindu religious texts give instructions for making a rectangular fire altar using the 3-4-5 configuration with sides of length 3 and 4, and diagonal length 5. These measurements ensure that the altar has right angles in each corner.</p> </div> </div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element " > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <figure id="attachment_11027" class="thumbnail wp-caption alignnone" style="width: 640px"><img decoding="async" class="wp-image-11027 size-full" src="https://education.cosmosmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/020920_is-mathematics-real_2_640x360.png?x50614" alt="A man sits at a rectangular fire altar" width="640" height="360" srcset="https://education.cosmosmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/020920_is-mathematics-real_2_640x360.png 640w, https://education.cosmosmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/020920_is-mathematics-real_2_640x360-300x169.png 300w" sizes="(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px" /><figcaption class="caption wp-caption-text">A rectangular fire altar. Credit: <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vedi_(altar)#/media/File:Homa_during_Sri_Thimmaraya_swamy_Pratishthapana..jpg" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Madhu K / Wikipedia</a>, CC BY-SA</figcaption></figure> </div> </div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element " > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <h3>Big questions</h3> </div> </div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element " > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <p>In the 19th century, the German mathematician <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leopold_Kronecker" rel="noopener"><span style="color: #28aae1;">Leopold Kronecker</span></a> said “God made the integers, all else is the work of man”. I agree with that sentiment, at least for the positive integers — the whole numbers we count with — because the Babylonians didn’t believe in zero or negative numbers.</p> <p>Mathematics has been happening for a very, very long time. Long before ancient Greece and Pythagoras.</p> <p>Is it real? Most cultures agree about some basics, like the positive integers and the 3-4-5 right triangle. Just about everything else in mathematics is determined by the society in which you live.<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" style="border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; margin: 0 !important; max-height: 1px !important; max-width: 1px !important; min-height: 1px !important; min-width: 1px !important; opacity: 0 !important; outline: none !important; padding: 0 !important; text-shadow: none !important;" src="https://counter.theconversation.com/content/145244/count.gif?distributor=republish-lightbox-basic" alt="The Conversation" width="1" height="1" /></p> </div> </div> <div class="vc_separator wpb_content_element vc_separator_align_center vc_sep_width_100 vc_sep_pos_align_center vc_separator_no_text vc_sep_color_grey" ><span class="vc_sep_holder vc_sep_holder_l"><span class="vc_sep_line"></span></span><span class="vc_sep_holder vc_sep_holder_r"><span class="vc_sep_line"></span></span> </div> <div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element " > <div class="wpb_wrapper"> <p><strong>Written by <a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/daniel-mansfield-333603" rel="noopener"><span style="color: #28aae1;">Daniel Mansfield</span></a>, Lecturer in Mathematics, <em><a href="https://theconversation.com/institutions/unsw-1414" rel="noopener"><span style="color: #28aae1;">UNSW</span></a>.</em></strong></p> <p><em><strong>This article is republished from <a href="https://theconversation.com" rel="noopener"><span style="color: #28aae1;">The Conversation</span></a> under a Creative Commons license.</strong></em> Read the <a href="https://theconversation.com/is-mathematics-real-a-viral-tiktok-video-raises-a-legitimate-question-with-exciting-answers-145244" rel="noopener"><span style="color: #28aae1;">original article</span></a>.</p> </div> </div> </div></div></div><div class="wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-2"><div class="vc_column-inner"><div class="wpb_wrapper"></div></div></div></div><div class="vc_row wpb_row vc_row-fluid"><div class="wpb_column 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'<h' + data.settings.form_title_heading_level + '>' + data.settings.title + '</h' + data.settings.form_title_heading_level + '>' : '' }}} </span> <div class="nf-form-wrap ninja-forms-form-wrap"> <div class="nf-response-msg"></div> <div class="nf-debug-msg"></div> <div class="nf-before-form"></div> <div class="nf-form-layout"></div> <div class="nf-after-form"></div> </div> </script> <script id="tmpl-nf-empty" type="text/template"> </script> <script id="tmpl-nf-before-form" type="text/template"> {{{ data.beforeForm }}} </script><script id="tmpl-nf-after-form" type="text/template"> {{{ data.afterForm }}} </script><script id="tmpl-nf-before-fields" type="text/template"> <div class="nf-form-fields-required">{{{ data.renderFieldsMarkedRequired() }}}</div> {{{ data.beforeFields }}} </script><script id="tmpl-nf-after-fields" type="text/template"> {{{ data.afterFields }}} <div id="nf-form-errors-{{{ data.id }}}" class="nf-form-errors" role="alert"></div> <div class="nf-form-hp"></div> </script> <script id="tmpl-nf-before-field" type="text/template"> {{{ data.beforeField }}} </script><script id="tmpl-nf-after-field" type="text/template"> {{{ data.afterField }}} </script><script id="tmpl-nf-form-layout" type="text/template"> <form> <div> <div class="nf-before-form-content"></div> <div class="nf-form-content {{{ data.element_class }}}"></div> <div class="nf-after-form-content"></div> </div> </form> </script><script id="tmpl-nf-form-hp" type="text/template"> <label id="nf-label-field-hp-{{{ data.id }}}" for="nf-field-hp-{{{ data.id }}}" aria-hidden="true"> {{{ nfi18n.formHoneypot }}} <input id="nf-field-hp-{{{ data.id }}}" name="nf-field-hp" class="nf-element nf-field-hp" type="text" value="" aria-labelledby="nf-label-field-hp-{{{ data.id }}}" /> </label> </script> <script id="tmpl-nf-field-layout" type="text/template"> <div id="nf-field-{{{ data.id }}}-container" class="nf-field-container {{{ data.type }}}-container {{{ data.renderContainerClass() }}}"> <div class="nf-before-field"></div> <div class="nf-field"></div> <div class="nf-after-field"></div> </div> </script> <script id="tmpl-nf-field-before" type="text/template"> {{{ data.beforeField }}} </script><script id="tmpl-nf-field-after" type="text/template"> <# /* * Render our input limit section if that setting exists. */ #> <div class="nf-input-limit"></div> <# /* * Render our error section if we have an error. */ #> <div id="nf-error-{{{ data.id }}}" class="nf-error-wrap nf-error" role="alert"></div> <# /* * Render any custom HTML after our field. */ #> {{{ data.afterField }}} </script> <script id="tmpl-nf-field-wrap" type="text/template"> <div id="nf-field-{{{ data.id }}}-wrap" class="{{{ data.renderWrapClass() }}}" data-field-id="{{{ data.id }}}"> <# /* * This is our main field template. It's called for every field type. * Note that must have ONE top-level, wrapping element. i.e. a div/span/etc that wraps all of the template. */ #> <# /* * Render our label. */ #> {{{ data.renderLabel() }}} <# /* * Render our field element. Uses the template for the field being rendered. */ #> <div class="nf-field-element">{{{ data.renderElement() }}}</div> <# /* * Render our Description Text. */ #> {{{ data.renderDescText() }}} </div> </script> <script id="tmpl-nf-field-wrap-no-label" type="text/template"> <div id="nf-field-{{{ data.id }}}-wrap" class="{{{ data.renderWrapClass() }}}" data-field-id="{{{ data.id }}}"> <div class="nf-field-label"></div> <div class="nf-field-element">{{{ data.renderElement() }}}</div> <div class="nf-error-wrap"></div> </div> </script> <script id="tmpl-nf-field-wrap-no-container" type="text/template"> {{{ data.renderElement() }}} <div class="nf-error-wrap"></div> </script> <script id="tmpl-nf-field-label" type="text/template"> <div class="nf-field-label"> <# if ( data.type === "listcheckbox" || data.type === "listradio" ) { #> <span id="nf-label-field-{{{ data.id }}}" class="nf-label-span {{{ data.renderLabelClasses() }}}"> {{{ ( data.maybeFilterHTML() === 'true' ) ? _.escape( data.label ) : data.label }}} {{{ ( 'undefined' != typeof data.required && 1 == data.required ) ? '<span class="ninja-forms-req-symbol">*</span>' : '' }}} {{{ data.maybeRenderHelp() }}} </span> <# } else { #> <label for="nf-field-{{{ data.id }}}" id="nf-label-field-{{{ data.id }}}" class="{{{ data.renderLabelClasses() }}}"> {{{ ( data.maybeFilterHTML() === 'true' ) ? _.escape( data.label ) : data.label }}} {{{ ( 'undefined' != typeof data.required && 1 == data.required ) ? '<span class="ninja-forms-req-symbol">*</span>' : '' }}} {{{ data.maybeRenderHelp() }}} </label> <# } #> </div> </script> <script id="tmpl-nf-field-error" type="text/template"> <div class="nf-error-msg nf-error-{{{ data.id }}}">{{{ data.msg }}}</div> </script><script id="tmpl-nf-form-error" type="text/template"> <div class="nf-error-msg nf-error-{{{ data.id }}}">{{{ data.msg }}}</div> </script><script id="tmpl-nf-field-input-limit" type="text/template"> {{{ data.currentCount() }}} {{{ nfi18n.of }}} {{{ data.input_limit }}} {{{ data.input_limit_msg }}} </script><script id="tmpl-nf-field-null" type="text/template"> </script><script id="tmpl-nf-field-textbox" type="text/template"> <input type="text" value="{{{ _.escape( data.value ) }}}" class="{{{ data.renderClasses() }}} nf-element" {{{ data.renderPlaceholder() }}} {{{ data.maybeDisabled() }}} {{{ data.maybeInputLimit() }}} id="nf-field-{{{ data.id }}}" <# if( ! data.disable_browser_autocomplete && -1 < [ 'city', 'zip' ].indexOf( data.type ) ){ #> name="{{ data.custom_name_attribute || 'nf-field-' + data.id + '-' + data.type }}" autocomplete="on" <# } else { #> name="{{ data.custom_name_attribute || 'nf-field-' + data.id }}" {{{ data.maybeDisableAutocomplete() }}} <# } #> aria-invalid="false" aria-describedby="nf-error-{{{ data.id }}}" aria-labelledby="nf-label-field-{{{ data.id }}}" {{{ data.maybeRequired() }}} > </script> <script id='tmpl-nf-field-input' type='text/template'> <input id="nf-field-{{{ data.id }}}" name="nf-field-{{{ data.id }}}" aria-invalid="false" aria-describedby="nf-error-{{{ data.id }}}" class="{{{ data.renderClasses() }}} nf-element" type="text" value="{{{ _.escape( data.value ) }}}" {{{ data.renderPlaceholder() }}} {{{ data.maybeDisabled() }}} aria-labelledby="nf-label-field-{{{ data.id }}}" {{{ data.maybeRequired() }}} > </script> <script id="tmpl-nf-field-password" type="text/template"> <input id="nf-field-{{{ data.id }}}" name="nf-field-{{{ data.id }}}" aria-invalid="false" aria-describedby="nf-error-{{{ data.id }}}" class="{{{ data.renderClasses() }}} nf-element" type="password" value="{{{ data.value }}}" {{{ data.renderPlaceholder() }}} {{{ data.maybeDisabled() }}} {{{ data.maybeDisableAutocomplete() }}} {{{ data.maybeInputLimit() }}} aria-labelledby="nf-label-field-{{{ data.id }}}" {{{ data.maybeRequired() }}} > <div class="nf-input-limit"></div> </script> <script id="tmpl-nf-field-submit" type="text/template"> <# let myType = data.type if('save'== data.type){ myType = 'button' } #> <input id="nf-field-{{{ data.id }}}" class="{{{ data.renderClasses() }}} nf-element " type="{{{myType}}}" value="{{{ ( data.maybeFilterHTML() === 'true' ) ? _.escape( data.label ) : data.label }}}" {{{ ( data.disabled ) ? 'aria-disabled="true" disabled="true"' : '' }}}> </script><script id='tmpl-nf-field-button' type='text/template'> <button id="nf-field-{{{ data.id }}}" name="nf-field-{{{ data.id }}}" class="{{{ data.classes }}} nf-element"> {{{ ( data.maybeFilterHTML() === 'true' ) ? _.escape( data.label ) : data.label }}} </button> </script><script id="tmpl-nf-field-html" type="text/template"> {{{ data.value }}} </script> </body> </html>