CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" /> <meta content="text/html; charset=utf-8"/> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge" /> <meta name="robots" content="index,follow" /> <meta name="googlebot" content="index,follow" /> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.imedpub.com//articles/the-newly-identified-proteins-involved-in-the-chromosome-segregation-in-mycobacteria-the-functional-analysis.php?aid=43549"> <link rel="alternate" href="https://www.imedpub.com/articles/the-newly-identified-proteins-involved-in-the-chromosome-segregation-in-mycobacteria-the-functional-analysis.php?aid=43549" hreflang="en-us"/> <link rel="shortcut icon" href="https://www.imedpub.com/images/favicon.ico"/>  <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/font-awesome/5.11.2/css/all.min.css" /> <link href='https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Open+Sans' rel='stylesheet' type='text/css' /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/assets/css/imedpub_com.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/assets/css/global.css" /> <link href="https://www.imedpub.com/css/imed_external_style.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" /> <link href="https://www.imedpub.com/css/styles.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" /> <link href="https://www.imedpub.com/assets/css/author.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://www.imedpub.com/css/jquery.coolautosuggest.css" /> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="Fvj81ZSJ79zLnj_qZffRw_IKsNy7-JCt6kPdcx-H_zM" />  <script async src="https://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js" charset="utf-8"></script> <script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.11.1/jquery.min.js"></script> <script src="https://www.imedpub.com/js/jquery.coolautosuggest.js"></script> <script src="https://www.imedpub.com/js/jquery.coolfieldset.js"></script> <script async src="https://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-8046643215361735" crossorigin="anonymous"></script> <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-6X3EXTTCQV"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-6X3EXTTCQV'); </script> <script type="application/ld+json"> { "@context": "https://schema.org", "@type": "Organization", "url": "https://www.imedpub.com//articles/the-newly-identified-proteins-involved-in-the-chromosome-segregation-in-mycobacteria-the-functional-analysis.php?aid=43549", "logo": "https://www.imedpub.com/images/imedpub-logo.png" } </script>  <script> !function(f,b,e,v,n,t,s){if(f.fbq)return;n=f.fbq=function(){n.callMethod? n.callMethod.apply(n,arguments):n.queue.push(arguments)};if(!f._fbq)f._fbq=n; n.push=n;n.loaded=!0;n.version='2.0';n.queue=[];t=b.createElement(e);t.async=!0; t.src=v;s=b.getElementsByTagName(e)[0];s.parentNode.insertBefore(t,s)}(window, document,'script','//connect.facebook.net/en_US/fbevents.js'); fbq('init', '297919997051754'); fbq('track', "PageView"); </script>  <title>The Newly Identified Proteins Involved in the Chromosome Segregation in Mycobacteria- the Functional Analysis | Insight Medical Publishing</title> <meta name="keywords" content="Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, list of open access journals, open access, open access journals, open access publication, open access publisher, open access publishing, open access journal articles, imedpub, imedpub publishing, insight medical publishing, imedpub online"> <meta name="description" content="The Newly Identified Proteins Involved in the Chromosome Segregation in Mycobacteria- the Functional Analysis, Rudra Suresh"> <meta name="citation_publisher" content="iMedPub"/> <meta name="citation_journal_title" content="Journal of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology"> <meta name="citation_title" content="The Newly Identified Proteins Involved in the Chromosome Segregation in Mycobacteria- the Functional Analysis"> <meta name="citation_author" content="Rudra Suresh" /> <meta name="citation_month" content="August"> <meta name="citation_year" content="2021"> <meta name="citation_volume" content="0"> <meta name="citation_issue" content="0"> <meta name="citation_publication_date" content="2021/08/27" /> <meta name="citation_abstract" content="Chromosome Segregation: Chromosome segregation in bacteria is an active process involving a number of proteins. In most of the bacteria, it depends on the presence of ParABS system. ParB segregation protein binds to the parS sequence and forms segregation complexes. ParA segregation protein interacts with ParB complexes being responsible for their distribution. ParA homologs: C. cresentus MipZ, C. glutamicum PldP. MipZ exhibited nonspecific DNA binding activity similar to ParA-like proteins. Characteristic Features of Mycobacteria: Rod shaped, Slow growing, Gram positive bacteria with high ( G + C ) content (61 - 71% ), Lipid rich cell wall, Resistant to many environmental factors: drying, high and low temperature, high and low pH. Unique chromosome organisation and segregation in Mycobacteria:Chromosome is positioned asymmetrically in M. smegmatis cells. oriC is in the off-centre position after oriC duplication, new pole segrosome migrates faster than old pole segrosome. Mycobacterial cell elongate asymmetrically – the old pole extends faster. ParA in M. smegmatis: ParA is responsible for the localisation of the ParB complexes in the cell. parA deletion strain is characterized by slow growth. parA deletion results in formation 30% of anucleate cells. MSMEG_3743 (Soj) role in M. smegmatis:MSMEG_3743 interacts with ParB segregation protein in bacterial two hybrid system. Deletion of msmeg_3743 gene results in: Slower growth rate, Division disorders and occurence of very long cells (over 6,6 μm), Disorders in chromosome segregation (19,8 % of anucleate cells). The aim of Msc project: Localisation of MSMEG_3743 (Soj) in wild type M. smegmatis background. Localisation of MSMEG_3743 (Soj) in parB deletion background – elucidation of ParB influence on Soj localisation. Colocalisation of MSMEG_3743 (Soj) with ParB-mNeon. Strategies: Exchange of the msmeg_3743 to msmeg_3743-dendra fusion in the native chromosomal locus. Introduction of mcherry-msmeg_3743 in the integrative plasmid  " /> <meta name="citation_fulltext_html_url" content="https://www.imedpub.com/articles/the-newly-identified-proteins-involved-in-the-chromosome-segregation-in-mycobacteria-the-functional-analysis.php?aid=43549" /> <meta name="citation_pdf_url" content="https://www.imedpub.com/articles/the-newly-identified-proteins-involved-in-the-chromosome-segregation-in-mycobacteria-the-functional-analysis.pdf" /> <meta name="citation_abstract_html_url" content="https://www.imedpub.com/abstract/the-newly-identified-proteins-involved-in-the-chromosome-segregation-in-mycobacteria-the-functional-analysis-43549.html" /> <script type="text/javascript"> function openimage(theURL,winName,features) { window.open(theURL,winName,features); } </script> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge" /> <meta name="robots" content="index,follow" /> <meta name="googlebot" content="index,follow" /> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.imedpub.com//articles/the-newly-identified-proteins-involved-in-the-chromosome-segregation-in-mycobacteria-the-functional-analysis.php?aid=43549"> <link rel="alternate" href="https://www.imedpub.com/articles/the-newly-identified-proteins-involved-in-the-chromosome-segregation-in-mycobacteria-the-functional-analysis.php?aid=43549" hreflang="en-us"/> <link rel="shortcut icon" href="https://www.imedpub.com/images/favicon.ico"/>  <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/font-awesome/5.11.2/css/all.min.css" /> <link href='https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Open+Sans' rel='stylesheet' type='text/css' /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/assets/css/imedpub_com.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/assets/css/global.css" /> <link href="https://www.imedpub.com/css/imed_external_style.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" /> <link href="https://www.imedpub.com/css/styles.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" /> <link href="https://www.imedpub.com/assets/css/author.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://www.imedpub.com/css/jquery.coolautosuggest.css" /> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="Fvj81ZSJ79zLnj_qZffRw_IKsNy7-JCt6kPdcx-H_zM" />  <script async src="https://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js" charset="utf-8"></script> <script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.11.1/jquery.min.js"></script> <script src="https://www.imedpub.com/js/jquery.coolautosuggest.js"></script> <script src="https://www.imedpub.com/js/jquery.coolfieldset.js"></script> <script async src="https://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-8046643215361735" crossorigin="anonymous"></script> <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-6X3EXTTCQV"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-6X3EXTTCQV'); </script> <script type="application/ld+json"> { "@context": "https://schema.org", "@type": "Organization", "url": "https://www.imedpub.com//articles/the-newly-identified-proteins-involved-in-the-chromosome-segregation-in-mycobacteria-the-functional-analysis.php?aid=43549", "logo": "https://www.imedpub.com/images/imedpub-logo.png" } </script>  <script> !function(f,b,e,v,n,t,s){if(f.fbq)return;n=f.fbq=function(){n.callMethod? n.callMethod.apply(n,arguments):n.queue.push(arguments)};if(!f._fbq)f._fbq=n; n.push=n;n.loaded=!0;n.version='2.0';n.queue=[];t=b.createElement(e);t.async=!0; t.src=v;s=b.getElementsByTagName(e)[0];s.parentNode.insertBefore(t,s)}(window, document,'script','//connect.facebook.net/en_US/fbevents.js'); fbq('init', '297919997051754'); fbq('track', "PageView"); </script>  <style> p { text-align: justify !important; } </style> </head> <body> <div class="container-fluid"> <div class="container container_bg">  <header class="row justify-content-between align-items-center px-3"> <div class="col-12 col-sm">  <h1><a class="text-danger" href="https://www.imedpub.com/molecular-biology-and-biotechnology/" title="Journal of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology">Journal of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology</a></h1> </div> <div class="col-12 col-sm-auto"> <div class="header_nav py-sm-5 cu_header_nav">  <a href="mailTo:editor@imedpub.com" title="Click here" class="btn btn-outline-secondary btn-icon"> <i class="far fa-envelope-open bg-info text-white"></i> <span class="dnone">editor@imedpub.com</span> </a> <a href="https://www.imedpub.com/submissions/molecular-biology-biotechnology.html" target="_blank" title="click here" class="btn btn-lg btn-success">Submit a Manuscript</a> </div> </div> </header> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-dark bg-info border-0">  <a class="navbar-brand d-none" href="#">Navbar</a> <button class="navbar-toggler" type="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#jrnlNavbar" aria-controls="mainNavbar" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle navigation"> <span class="navbar-toggler-icon"></span> </button>  <div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id="jrnlNavbar"> <ul class="navbar-nav mr-auto"> <li class="nav-item "> <a class="nav-link" href="https://www.imedpub.com/molecular-biology-and-biotechnology/" title="Home">Home</a> </li> <li class="nav-item dropdown"> <a href="#" class="nav-link dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false">Articles</a> <div class="dropdown-menu"> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.imedpub.com/molecular-biology-and-biotechnology/inpress.php" title="In Process">In Process</a>  <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.imedpub.com/molecular-biology-and-biotechnology/archive.php" title="Archive">Archive</a> </div> </li> <li class="nav-item dropdown"> <a href="#" class="nav-link dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" title="Editors">Authors</a> <div class="dropdown-menu"> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.imedpub.com/molecular-biology-and-biotechnology/author-guidelines.php" title="Author Guideliness">Author Guidelines</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.imedpub.com/molecular-biology-and-biotechnology/submit-manuscript.php" title="Submit Manuscript">Submit Manuscript</a> </div> </li> <li class="nav-item "> <a class="nav-link" href="https://www.imedpub.com/molecular-biology-and-biotechnology/editors.php" title="Editors">Editors</a> </li> <li class="nav-item dropdown"> <a href="#" class="nav-link dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" title="In Detail">In Detail</a> <div class="dropdown-menu"> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.imedpub.com/molecular-biology-and-biotechnology/aims-and-scope.php" title="Aim and Scope">Aim and Scope</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.imedpub.com/molecular-biology-and-biotechnology/ethical-malpractices.php" title="Publication ethics & malpractice statement">Publication ethics & malpractice statement</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.imedpub.com/molecular-biology-and-biotechnology/peer-review-process.php" title="Peer Review Process">Peer Review Process</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.imedpub.com/molecular-biology-and-biotechnology/copyright.php" title="Copy Right">Copyright</a> </div> </li> <li class="nav-item dropdown"> <a href="#" class="nav-link dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" title="Information">Information</a> <div class="dropdown-menu"> <a class="dropdown-item" title="Information for Authors" href="https://www.imedpub.com/information-for-authors.php">Information for Authors</a> <a class="dropdown-item" title="Information for Editors" href="https://www.imedpub.com/information-for-editors.php">Information for Editors</a> <a class="dropdown-item" title="Information for Reviewers" href="https://www.imedpub.com/info-for-reviewer.php">Information for Reviewers</a> </div> </li> <li class="nav-item "> <a class="nav-link" title="Citations" href="https://www.imedpub.com/molecular-biology-and-biotechnology/citation-index.php">Citations</a></li> <li class="nav-item "> <a class="nav-link" title="Contact us" href="https://www.imedpub.com/molecular-biology-and-biotechnology/contact.php">Contact Us</a></li> <li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="https://www.imedpub.com/molecular-biology-and-biotechnology/special-issues.php" title="Special Issue">Special Issue</a></li>  </ul>   </div>  </nav>   <div class="row clearfix mrgn_top">  <div class="col-lg-9 col-md-9"> <div class="wlcme_imdpub"> <div class="ft_top_content">  <h1 class="text-primary font-size-8 border-left-4 pl-2" style="border-left-color: #f35a36 !important;">The Newly Identified Proteins Involved in the Chromosome Segregation in Mycobacteria- the Functional Analysis</h1> <div style="background-color: #fefefe !important; padding: 10px !important;"> </div> <div style="padding:15px 0 !important;"><strong>Visit for more related articles at </strong><a href="https://www.imedpub.com/molecular-biology-and-biotechnology/archive.php" title="Journal of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology" class="btn btn-link">Journal of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology</a></div> <div> <h3 class="border-left-4 font-size-5 pl-2" style="border-left-color: #f35a36 !important;">Abstract</h3> </div> <div> <p style="margin-top:9px; margin-right:19px; margin-bottom:15px; margin-left:38px; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:97%"><span sans-serif="" style="font-family:Calibri,"><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span style="line-height:97%"><span style="color:#231f20">Chromosome Segregation: <a target='_blank' href='https://www.imedpub.com/scientific-journals-list/chromosome-5867.html'>Chromosome</a> segregation in bacteria is an active process involving a number of proteins. In most of the bacteria, it depends on the presence of ParABS system. ParB segregation protein binds to the parS sequence and forms segregation complexes. ParA segregation protein interacts with ParB complexes being responsible for their distribution. ParA homologs: C. cresentus MipZ, C. glutamicum PldP. MipZ exhibited nonspecific DNA binding activity similar to ParA-like proteins. Characteristic Features of Mycobacteria: Rod shaped, Slow growing, Gram positive bacteria with high ( G + C ) content (61 - 71% ), Lipid rich cell wall, Resistant to many environmental factors: drying, high and low temperature, high and low pH. Unique <a target='_blank' href='https://www.imedpub.com/scientific-journals-list/chromosome-5867.html'>chromosome</a> organisation and segregation in Mycobacteria:Chromosome is positioned asymmetrically in M. smegmatis cells. oriC is in the off-centre position after oriC duplication, new pole segrosome migrates faster than old pole segrosome. Mycobacterial cell elongate asymmetrically – the old pole extends faster. ParA in M. smegmatis: ParA is responsible for the localisation of the ParB complexes in the cell. parA deletion strain is characterized by slow growth. parA deletion results in formation 30% of anucleate cells. MSMEG_3743 (Soj) role in M. smegmatis:MSMEG_3743 interacts with ParB segregation protein in bacterial two hybrid system. Deletion of msmeg_3743 gene results in: Slower growth rate, Division disorders and occurence of very long <a target='_blank' href='https://www.imedpub.com/scientific-journals-list/cells-5822.html'>cells</a> (over 6,6 μm), Disorders in <a target='_blank' href='https://www.imedpub.com/scientific-journals-list/chromosome-5867.html'>chromosome</a> segregation (19,8 % of anucleate cells). The aim of Msc project: Localisation of MSMEG_3743 (Soj) in wild type M. smegmatis background. Localisation of MSMEG_3743 (Soj) in parB deletion background – elucidation of ParB influence on Soj localisation. Colocalisation of MSMEG_3743 (Soj) with ParB-mNeon. Strategies: Exchange of the msmeg_3743 to msmeg_3743-dendra fusion in the native chromosomal locus. Introduction of mcherry-msmeg_3743 in the integrative plasmid</span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p style="margin-bottom:15px"> </p> </div> </div> <div class="ft_below_content"> </div> </div> </div>   <div class="col-lg-3 col-md-3">  <center> <img title="QR" src="https://chart.googleapis.com/chart?chs=185x185&cht=qr&chl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.imedpub.com%2Farticles%2Fthe-newly-identified-proteins-involved-in-the-chromosome-segregation-in-mycobacteria-the-functional-analysis.php%3Faid%3D43549&chld=M|0&icqrf=00b1e4" />  <nav class="nav nav-pills social-icons-footer sidebar_social_icons a-pl-0" style="padding-left: 35px !important;"> <a title="Share This Article" target="_blank" class="nav-link" href="https://www.facebook.com/sharer.php?s=100&p[title]=The Newly Identified Proteins Involved in the Chromosome Segregation in Mycobacteria- the Functional Analysis&p[url]=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.imedpub.com%2Farticles%2Fthe-newly-identified-proteins-involved-in-the-chromosome-segregation-in-mycobacteria-the-functional-analysis.php%3Faid%3D43549"><img src="https://www.imedpub.com/assets/socials/facebook.png" /></a> <a title="Share This Article" target="_blank" class="nav-link" href="https://web.whatsapp.com/send?text=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.imedpub.com%2Farticles%2Fthe-newly-identified-proteins-involved-in-the-chromosome-segregation-in-mycobacteria-the-functional-analysis.php%3Faid%3D43549" title="Share This Article" target="_blank" class="nav-link"><img src="https://www.imedpub.com/assets/socials/whatsapp.png" /></a> <a title="Share This Article" target="_blank" class="nav-link" href="https://www.linkedin.com/sharing/share-offsite/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.imedpub.com%2Farticles%2Fthe-newly-identified-proteins-involved-in-the-chromosome-segregation-in-mycobacteria-the-functional-analysis.php%3Faid%3D43549" title="Share This Article" target="_blank" class="nav-link"><img src="https://www.imedpub.com/assets/socials/linkedin.png" /></a> <a title="Share This Article" target="_blank" class="nav-link" href="https://twitter.com/share?text=The Newly Identified Proteins Involved in the Chromosome Segregation in Mycobacteria- the Functional Analysis&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.imedpub.com%2Farticles%2Fthe-newly-identified-proteins-involved-in-the-chromosome-segregation-in-mycobacteria-the-functional-analysis.php%3Faid%3D43549" class="nav-link"><img src="https://www.imedpub.com/assets/socials/twitter.png" /></a> </nav>  </center>  <div class="flyer_img"> Select your language of interest to view the total content in your interested language<br /> <div id="google_translate_element" align="center" style="width:180px;"></div> <script> function googleTranslateElementInit() { new google.translate.TranslateElement({ pageLanguage: 'en' }, 'google_translate_element'); } </script> <script src="https://translate.google.com/translate_a/element.js?cb=googleTranslateElementInit"></script> </div> <div class="list_Jrnls"> <h2>Viewing options</h2> <ul class="list-unstyled"> <li class="highlights_list_style"><a title="Abstract" href="https://www.imedpub.com/abstract/the-newly-identified-proteins-involved-in-the-chromosome-segregation-in-mycobacteria-the-functional-analysis-43549.html">Abstract</a></li> <li class="highlights_list_style"><a title="Full-Text" href="https://www.imedpub.com/articles/the-newly-identified-proteins-involved-in-the-chromosome-segregation-in-mycobacteria-the-functional-analysis.php?aid=43549">Full-Text</a></li> <li class="highlights_list_style"><a title="PDF" href="https://www.imedpub.com/articles/the-newly-identified-proteins-involved-in-the-chromosome-segregation-in-mycobacteria-the-functional-analysis.pdf">PDF</a></li> </ul> </div>  <script async src="https://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-80466 43215361735" crossorigin="anonymous"></script>  <div class="flyer_img"> <a class="twitter-timeline" href="https://twitter.com/MolBiol2" data-width="300" data-height="350">Tweets by MolBiol2</a> <script async src="https://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js" charset="utf-8"></script> </div> <div class="flyer_img"> <a href="https://www.imedpub.com/admin/flyer-pdfs/journal-of-molecular-biology-and-biotechnology-flyerpdf.pdf" title="Click here"><img src="https://www.imedpub.com/admin/flyers/journal-of-molecular-biology-and-biotechnology-flyer.jpg" width="230" height="250" alt="Flyer image"/></a> </div>  <div class="list_Jrnls jrnal_fxed_higt"> <h2>Open Access Journals</h2> <ul class="list-unstyled"> <li class="highlights_list_style"><a title="click here" href="https://www.imedpub.com/aquaculture-veterinary-science-journals.php">Aquaculture & Veterinary Science</a></li> <li class="highlights_list_style"><a title="click here" href="https://www.imedpub.com/chemistry-chemical-sciences-journals.php">Chemistry & Chemical Sciences</a></li> <li class="highlights_list_style"><a title="click here" href="https://www.imedpub.com/clinical-science-journals.php">Clinical Sciences</a></li> <li class="highlights_list_style"><a title="click here" href="https://www.imedpub.com/engineering-journals.php">Engineering</a></li> <li class="highlights_list_style"><a title="click here" href="https://www.imedpub.com/general-science-journals.php">General Science</a></li> <li class="highlights_list_style"><a title="click here" href="https://www.imedpub.com/genetics-and-molecular-biology-journals.php">Genetics & Molecular Biology</a></li> <li class="highlights_list_style"><a title="click here" href="https://www.imedpub.com/health-care-and-nursing-journals.php">Health Care & Nursing</a></li> <li class="highlights_list_style"><a title="click here" href="https://www.imedpub.com/immunology-and-microbiology-journals.php">Immunology & Microbiology</a></li> <li class="highlights_list_style"><a title="click here" href="https://www.imedpub.com/materials-science-journals.php">Materials Science</a></li> <li class="highlights_list_style"><a title="click here" href="https://www.imedpub.com/mathematics-and-physics-journals.php">Mathematics & Physics</a></li> <li class="highlights_list_style"><a title="click here" href="https://www.imedpub.com/medical-sciences-journals.php">Medical Sciences</a></li> <li class="highlights_list_style"><a title="click here" href="https://www.imedpub.com/neurology-and-psychiatry-journals.php">Neurology & Psychiatry</a></li> <li class="highlights_list_style"><a title="click here" href="https://www.imedpub.com/oncology-and-cancer-science-journals.php">Oncology & Cancer Science</a></li> <li class="highlights_list_style"><a title="click here" href="https://www.imedpub.com/pharmaceutical-sciences-journals.php">Pharmaceutical Sciences</a></li> </ul> </div>  <div class="list_Jrnls"> <h2>Share This Article</h2>  <div class="addthis_toolbox addthis_default_style" style="padding:20px;"> <a class="addthis_button_preferred_1"></a> <a class="addthis_button_preferred_2"></a> <a class="addthis_button_preferred_3"></a> <a class="addthis_button_preferred_4"></a> <a class="addthis_button_compact"></a> <a class="addthis_counter addthis_bubble_style"></a> </div> <script type="text/javascript">var addthis_config = {"data_track_addressbar":false};</script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://s7.addthis.com/js/300/addthis_widget.js#pubid=ra-506aad5d54e2e436"></script>  </div> </div>  </div>  </div> </div> <style> .bell_icon { position: fixed; border-radius: 3px; right: 0px; bottom: 63px; color: #fff; z-index: 99999; } .bell_icon img { width: 100%; max-width: 160px; border-radius: 8px; } </style> <footer> <div class="container py-3"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-12 col-sm"> <ul class="nav footer_nav"> <li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="https://www.imedpub.com/" title="Click here">Home</a></li> <li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="https://www.imedpub.com/about-us.php" title="Click here">About</a></li> <li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="https://www.imedpub.com/journals.php" title="Click here">Journals</a></li> <li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="https://www.imedpub.com/insight-medical-publishing-articles.php" title="Click here">Articles</a></li> <li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="https://www.imedpub.com/information-for-editors.php" title="Click here">Editors</a></li> <li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="https://www.imedpub.com/information-for-authors.php" title="Click here">Authors</a></li> <li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="https://www.imedpub.com/info-for-reviewer.php" title="Click here">Reviewers</a></li> <li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="https://www.imedpub.com/contact.php" title="Click here">Contact Us</a></li> </ul> </div>  <div class="col-12 col-sm-auto"> <div class="header_social_icons pull-right"> <ul class="nav"> <li> <a title="Click here" class="social-network" onclick="_gaq.push(['_trackEvent', 'btn-social-icon', 'click', 'btn-facebook']);" href="https://www.facebook.com/iMedPubjournals" target="_blank"> <i class="fab fa-facebook-f"></i></a></li> <li> <a title="Click here" class="social-network" onclick="_gaq.push(['_trackEvent', 'btn-social-icon', 'click', 'btn-twitter']);" href="https://twitter.com/iMedPubJournals" target="_blank"> <i class="fab fa-twitter"></i></a></li> <li> <a title="Click here" class="social-network" onclick="_gaq.push(['_trackEvent', 'btn-social-icon', 'click', 'btn-linkedin']);" href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/insight-medical-publishing" target="_blank"><i class="fab fa-linkedin-in"></i></a></li> <li> <a title="Click here" class="social-network" onclick="_gaq.push(['_trackEvent', 'btn-social-icon', 'click', 'btn-linkedin']);" href="https://www.instagram.com/imedpub_publishing/" target="_blank"><i class="fab fa-instagram"></i></a></li>  </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="copyright pt-3"> <div class="container"> <div class="row text-center"> <div class="col"> <p>All Published work is licensed under a <a title="click here" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" rel="nofollow"> Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a><br> Copyright © 2024 All rights reserved. <a href='https://www.imedpub.com/' title='iMedPub LTD'>iMedPub LTD</a> Last revised : November 22, 2024</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </footer> <div class="scroll-top-wrapper"> <span class="scroll-top-inner"> <i class="fa fa-2x fa-arrow-circle-up"></i> </span> </div>  <script src="https://code.jquery.com/jquery-3.3.1.min.js"></script> <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/popper.js/1.14.3/umd/popper.min.js"></script> <script src="https://stackpath.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/4.1.3/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script>  <script src="https://www.imedpub.com/js/equal-height.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> var $elements = $('.equal-height-1'); var columns = $elements.detectGridColumns(); $elements.equalHeightGrid(columns); // Equal Height var EqualHeight = function() { //"use strict"; // Handle Equal Height var handleEqualHeight = function() { $(function($) { for(var count = 1;count < 17; count++) { $('.equal-height-'+count).responsiveEqualHeightGrid(); } }); } return { init: function() { handleEqualHeight(); // initial setup for equal height } } }(); $(document).ready(function() { EqualHeight.init(); }); </script>  <script> $(function(){ $(document).on( 'scroll', function(){ if ($(window).scrollTop() > 100) { $('.scroll-top-wrapper').addClass('show'); } else { $('.scroll-top-wrapper').removeClass('show'); } }); $('.scroll-top-wrapper').on('click', scrollToTop); }); function scrollToTop() { verticalOffset = typeof(verticalOffset) != 'undefined' ? verticalOffset : 0; element = $('body'); offset = element.offset(); offsetTop = offset.top; $('html, body').animate({scrollTop: offsetTop}, 500, 'linear'); } </script> <script> $( document ).ready(function() { $('[data-toggle="tooltip"]').tooltip({'placement': 'left'}); }); </script> </body> </html>