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.sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks plainlist"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Mesopotamian_mythology" title="Category:Mesopotamian mythology">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="background:#cdc8b8; font-size:150%"><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Mesopotamian_religion" title="Ancient Mesopotamian religion">Ancient<br />Mesopotamian religion</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image" style="padding:0.5em 0.25em;"><figure class="mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Chaos_Monster_and_Sun_God.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Chaos Monster and Sun God"><img alt="Chaos Monster and Sun God" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Chaos_Monster_and_Sun_God.png/250px-Chaos_Monster_and_Sun_God.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="184" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Chaos_Monster_and_Sun_God.png/375px-Chaos_Monster_and_Sun_God.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Chaos_Monster_and_Sun_God.png/500px-Chaos_Monster_and_Sun_God.png 2x" data-file-width="2012" data-file-height="1484" /></a><figcaption>Chaos Monster and Sun God</figcaption></figure></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-above"> <ul><li><span style="font-size:120%"><a href="/wiki/Religions_of_the_ancient_Near_East" title="Religions of the ancient Near East">Religions of the ancient Near East</a></span></li></ul> <hr /> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hittite_mythology_and_religion" title="Hittite mythology and religion">Anatolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_religion" title="Ancient Egyptian religion">Ancient Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Mesopotamian_religion" title="Ancient Mesopotamian religion">Mesopotamia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Babylonian_religion" title="Babylonian religion">Babylonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sumerian_religion" title="Sumerian religion">Sumer</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Iranian_religion" title="Ancient Iranian religion">Iranian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Semitic_religion" title="Ancient Semitic religion">Semitic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_pre-Islamic_Arabia" title="Religion in pre-Islamic Arabia">Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canaanite_religion" title="Canaanite religion">Canaan</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#cdc8b8;color: var(--color-base)">Primordial beings</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding:0.3em 0.3em 0.6em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tiamat" title="Tiamat">Tiamat</a> and <a href="/wiki/Abzu" title="Abzu">Abzu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lahamu" title="Lahamu">Lahamu</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lahmu" title="Lahmu">Lahmu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kishar" title="Kishar">Kishar</a> and <a href="/wiki/Anshar" title="Anshar">Anshar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mummu" title="Mummu">Mummu</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#cdc8b8;color: var(--color-base)">Seven gods who decree</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding:0.3em 0.3em 0.6em;"> <ul><li><b>Four primary</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anu" title="Anu">Anu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enlil" title="Enlil">Enlil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enki" title="Enki">Enki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ninhursag" title="Ninhursag">Ninhursag</a></li></ul></li> <li><b>Three sky gods</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Inanna" title="Inanna">Inanna/Ishtar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sin_(mythology)" title="Sin (mythology)">Nanna/Sin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utu" class="mw-redirect" title="Utu">Utu/Shamash</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#cdc8b8;color: var(--color-base)">Other major deities</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding:0.3em 0.3em 0.6em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hadad" title="Hadad">Adad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dumuzid" title="Dumuzid">Dumuzid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enkimdu" title="Enkimdu">Enkimdu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enmesharra" title="Enmesharra">Enmesharra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ereshkigal" title="Ereshkigal">Ereshkigal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ki_(goddess)" title="Ki (goddess)">Ki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingu" title="Kingu">Kingu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geshtinanna" title="Geshtinanna">Geshtinanna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lahar_(god)" title="Lahar (god)">Lahar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marduk" title="Marduk">Marduk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nergal" title="Nergal">Nergal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ninurta" title="Ninurta">Ninurta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%A0ulpae" title="Šulpae">Šulpae</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#cdc8b8;color: var(--color-base)">Minor deities</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding:0.3em 0.3em 0.6em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agasaya" title="Agasaya">Agasaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anunnaki" title="Anunnaki">Anunnaki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asaruludu" class="mw-redirect" title="Asaruludu">Asaruludu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashnan" title="Ashnan">Ashnan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashgi" title="Ashgi">Ashgi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bel_(mythology)" title="Bel (mythology)">Bel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dumuzi-abzu" title="Dumuzi-abzu">Dumuzi-abzu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enbilulu" title="Enbilulu">Enbilulu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erra_(god)" title="Erra (god)">Erra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erragal" title="Erragal">Erragal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibil" title="Gibil">Gibil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hendursaga" title="Hendursaga">Hendursaga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Igigi" title="Igigi">Igigi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isimud" title="Isimud">Isimud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ishum" title="Ishum">Išum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kajamanu" title="Kajamanu">Kajamanu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lahar_(god)" title="Lahar (god)">Lahar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La%E1%B9%A3" title="Laṣ">Laṣ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lisin" title="Lisin">Lisin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lugala%27abba" title="Lugala'abba">Lugala'abba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mami_(goddess)" title="Mami (goddess)">Mami/Nintu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mamitu" title="Mamitu">Mamitu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lugal-irra_and_Meslamta-ea" title="Lugal-irra and Meslamta-ea">Maštabba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nabu" title="Nabu">Nabu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namtar" title="Namtar">Namtar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanshe" title="Nanshe">Nanshe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nindara" title="Nindara">Nindara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nin-MAR.KI" title="Nin-MAR.KI">Ninmarki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nisaba" title="Nisaba">Nisaba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ninazu" title="Ninazu">Ninazu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ningal" title="Ningal">Ningal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ningirida" title="Ningirida">Ningirida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ningirima" title="Ningirima">Ningirima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ninkasi" title="Ninkasi">Ninkasi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ninkilim" title="Ninkilim">Ninkilim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ninlil" title="Ninlil">Ninlil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ninmug" title="Ninmug">Ninmug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nin%C5%A1ar" title="Ninšar">Ninšar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ninsikila" title="Ninsikila">Ninsikila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ninshubur" title="Ninshubur">Ninšubur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ninsun" title="Ninsun">Ninsun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuska" title="Nuska">Nuska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panigingarra" title="Panigingarra">Paniĝinĝarra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarpanit" title="Sarpanit">Sarpanit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shul-utula" title="Shul-utula">Shul-utula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%A0ubula" title="Šubula">Šubula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%A0ulpae" title="Šulpae">Šulpae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tishpak" title="Tishpak">Tišpak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uttu" title="Uttu">Uttu</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#cdc8b8;color: var(--color-base)">Demigods and heroes</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding:0.3em 0.3em 0.6em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adapa" title="Adapa">Adapa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enkidu" title="Enkidu">Enkidu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enmerkar" title="Enmerkar">Enmerkar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilgamesh" title="Gilgamesh">Gilgamesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lugalbanda" title="Lugalbanda">Lugalbanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shamhat" title="Shamhat">Shamhat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siduri" title="Siduri">Siduri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atra-Hasis" title="Atra-Hasis">Atra-Hasis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ziusudra" title="Ziusudra">Ziusudra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apkallu" title="Apkallu">Apkallu</a> (seven sages)</li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#cdc8b8;color: var(--color-base)">Spirits and monsters</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding:0.3em 0.3em 0.6em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Udug" title="Udug">Udug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lamassu" title="Lamassu">Lamassu/Shedu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asag" title="Asag">Asag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edimmu" title="Edimmu">Edimmu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siris_(goddess)" title="Siris (goddess)">Siris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anz%C3%BB" title="Anzû">Anzû</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dragon_(Ninurta)" title="Dragon (Ninurta)">Ušum/Dragon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mermaid_(Ninurta)" title="Mermaid (Ninurta)">Kuli-ana/Mermaid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ba%C5%A1mu" title="Bašmu">Bašmu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mu%C5%A1ma%E1%B8%AB%E1%B8%AB%C5%AB" title="Mušmaḫḫū">Mušmaḫḫū</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ušumgallu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seven-headed_serpent" title="Seven-headed serpent">Seven-headed serpent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humbaba" title="Humbaba">Humbaba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanbi" title="Hanbi">Hanbi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Mesopotamian_underworld" title="Ancient Mesopotamian underworld">Kur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lamashtu" title="Lamashtu">Lamashtu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lilu_(mythology)" title="Lilu (mythology)">Lilu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pazuzu" title="Pazuzu">Pazuzu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rabisu" title="Rabisu">Rabisu</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#cdc8b8;color: var(--color-base)">Tales</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding:0.3em 0.3em 0.6em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mesopotamian_mythology" title="Mesopotamian mythology">Mythology</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/An_%3D_Anum" title="An = Anum">An = Anum</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Atra-Hasis" title="Atra-Hasis">Atra-Hasis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Enmerkar_and_the_Lord_of_Aratta" title="Enmerkar and the Lord of Aratta">Enmerkar and the Lord of Aratta</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/En%C5%ABma_Eli%C5%A1" title="Enūma Eliš">Enūma Eliš</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Epic_of_Gilgamesh" title="Epic of Gilgamesh">Epic of Gilgamesh</a></i></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#cdc8b8;color: var(--color-base)">Terms</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding:0.3em 0.3em 0.6em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dingir" title="Dingir">Dingir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sukkal" title="Sukkal">Sukkal</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Mesopotamian_myth" title="Template:Mesopotamian myth"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Mesopotamian_myth" title="Template talk:Mesopotamian myth"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Mesopotamian_myth" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Mesopotamian myth"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Ušumgallu</b> or <b>Ushumgallu</b><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/Sumerian_language" title="Sumerian language">Sumerian</a>: <span style="font-size:125%;font-family:'Segoe UI Historic','Akkadian','Noto Sans Cuneiform','Noto Sans Sumero-Akkadian Cuneiform';" title="cuneiform text" lang="und-Xsux"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%F0%92%81%94" class="extiw" title="wikt:𒁔">𒁔</a> <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%F0%92%83%B2" class="extiw" title="wikt:𒃲">𒃲</a></span><i>ušum.gal</i>, "Great Dragon")<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was one of the three horned snakes in <a href="/wiki/Akkadian_literature#Mythology" title="Akkadian literature">Akkadian mythology</a>, along with the <a href="/wiki/Ba%C5%A1mu" title="Bašmu">Bašmu</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mu%C5%A1ma%E1%B8%AB%E1%B8%AB%C5%AB" title="Mušmaḫḫū">Mušmaḫḫū</a>. Usually described as a <a href="/wiki/Lion" title="Lion">lion</a>-<a href="/wiki/Dragon" title="Dragon">dragon</a> <a href="/wiki/Demon" title="Demon">demon</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-cad_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cad-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> it has been somewhat speculatively identified with the four-legged, winged <a href="/wiki/Dragon_(Ninurta)" title="Dragon (Ninurta)">dragon</a> of the late 3rd millennium BCE. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mythology">Mythology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=U%C5%A1umgallu&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Mythology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Tiamat" title="Tiamat">Tiamat</a> is said to have "clothed the raging lion-dragon with fearsomeness" in the Epic of Creation, <a href="/wiki/Enuma_Elish" class="mw-redirect" title="Enuma Elish">Enuma Elish</a>. The god <a href="/wiki/Nabu" title="Nabu">Nabû</a> was described as "he who tramples the lion-dragon" in the hymn to Nabû.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The late neo-Assyrian text "Myth of the Seven Sages" recalls: "The fourth (of the seven apkallu's, "sages", is) Lu-Nanna, (only) two-thirds Apkallu, who drove the <i>ušumgallu</i>-dragon from É-ninkarnunna, the temple of <a href="/wiki/Ishtar" class="mw-redirect" title="Ishtar">Ištar</a> of <a href="/wiki/Shulgi" title="Shulgi">Šulgi</a>."<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Ashurnasirpal_II" title="Ashurnasirpal II">Aššur-nāṣir-apli II</a> placed golden icons of ušumgallu at the pedestal of <a href="/wiki/Ninurta" title="Ninurta">Ninurta</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its name became a royal and divine epithet, for example: <i>ušumgal kališ parakkī</i>, "unrivaled ruler of all the sanctuaries".<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Marduk" title="Marduk">Marduk</a> is called "the <i>ušumgallu</i>-dragon of the great heavens". </p><p>In the god list <i><a href="/wiki/An_%3D_Anum" title="An = Anum">An = Anum</a></i> Ušumgal is listed as the <a href="/wiki/Sukkal" title="Sukkal">sukkal</a> (vizier) of <a href="/wiki/Ninkilim" title="Ninkilim">Ninkilim</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=U%C5%A1umgallu&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anz%C3%BB" title="Anzû">Anzû</a>, a massive bird whose death was sometimes credited to Ninurta</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dragon_(Ninurta)" title="Dragon (Ninurta)">Dragon</a>, killed by Ninurta</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seven-headed_serpent" title="Seven-headed serpent">Seven-headed serpent</a>, killed by Ninurta</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=U%C5%A1umgallu&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-cad-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-cad_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cad_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>ušumgallu</i>, CAD U/W, pp. 330–331.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Syllablized as <i>Ú-šum-gal-lu</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-cad_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cad-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFF._A._M._Wiggermann1992" class="citation book cs1">F. A. M. Wiggermann (1992). <span class="id-lock-limited" title="Free access subject to limited trial, subscription normally required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/mesopotamianprot00wigg_382"><i>Mesopotamian Protective Spirits: The Ritual Texts</i></a></span>. Styx Publications. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/mesopotamianprot00wigg_382/page/n89">167</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9072371522" title="Special:BookSources/978-9072371522"><bdi>978-9072371522</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mesopotamian+Protective+Spirits%3A+The+Ritual+Texts&rft.pages=167&rft.pub=Styx+Publications&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=978-9072371522&rft.au=F.+A.+M.+Wiggermann&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmesopotamianprot00wigg_382&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AU%C5%A1umgallu" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIrene_Winter2009" class="citation book cs1">Irene Winter (2009). <i>On Art in the Ancient Near East: Of the First Millennium B.C.E, Volume 1</i>. Brill. pp. 28–29.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=On+Art+in+the+Ancient+Near+East%3A+Of+the+First+Millennium+B.C.E%2C+Volume+1&rft.pages=28-29&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=2009&rft.au=Irene+Winter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AU%C5%A1umgallu" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Wiggermann instead proposes "prime venomous snake”.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Winter translated it as "predator".<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">KAR 104, 29.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFE._Reiner1961" class="citation journal cs1">E. Reiner (1961). "The Etiological Myth of the "Seven Sages"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>". <i>Orientalia</i> (30): 1–11.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Orientalia&rft.atitle=The+Etiological+Myth+of+the+%22Seven+Sages%22&rft.issue=30&rft.pages=1-11&rft.date=1961&rft.au=E.+Reiner&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AU%C5%A1umgallu" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFA._Leo_Oppenheim2011" class="citation book cs1">A. Leo Oppenheim (2011). "Assyrian and Babylonian Historical Texts: The Banquet of Ashurnasirpal II". In James Bennett Pritchard (ed.). <i>The Ancient Near East: An Anthology of Texts and Pictures</i>. Princeton University Press. p. 253.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Assyrian+and+Babylonian+Historical+Texts%3A+The+Banquet+of+Ashurnasirpal+II&rft.btitle=The+Ancient+Near+East%3A+An+Anthology+of+Texts+and+Pictures&rft.pages=253&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=2011&rft.au=A.+Leo+Oppenheim&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AU%C5%A1umgallu" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKyle_Greenwood2011" class="citation book cs1">Kyle Greenwood (2011). "A Shuilla: Marduk 2". In Alan Lenzi (ed.). <span class="id-lock-limited" title="Free access subject to limited trial, subscription normally required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/readingakkadianp00lenz"><i>Reading Akkadian prayers and hymns : an introduction</i></a></span>. SBL. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/readingakkadianp00lenz/page/n342">317</a>, 323.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=A+Shuilla%3A+Marduk+2&rft.btitle=Reading+Akkadian+prayers+and+hymns+%3A+an+introduction&rft.pages=317%2C+323&rft.pub=SBL&rft.date=2011&rft.au=Kyle+Greenwood&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Freadingakkadianp00lenz&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AU%C5%A1umgallu" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">R. L. Litke, <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://babylonian-collection.yale.edu/sites/default/files/files/Litke%2C%20Richard%20L_%20-%20A%20Reconstruction%20of%20the%20Assyro-Babylonian%20God-Lists_%20TBC%203%2C%201998.pdf">A Reconstruction of the Assyro-Babylonian God-lists, AN:<sup>d</sup>A-nu-um and AN:Anu Ŝá Amēli</a></i>, 1998, p. 172</span> </li> </ol></div></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ušumgallu&oldid=1211561108">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ušumgallu&oldid=1211561108</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Characters_in_the_En%C5%ABma_Eli%C5%A1" title="Category:Characters in the Enūma Eliš">Characters in the Enūma Eliš</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Mesopotamian_legendary_creatures" title="Category:Mesopotamian legendary creatures">Mesopotamian legendary creatures</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Mesopotamian_demons" title="Category:Mesopotamian demons">Mesopotamian demons</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Offspring_of_Tiamat" title="Category:Offspring of Tiamat">Offspring of Tiamat</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Dragons" title="Category:Dragons">Dragons</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 3 March 2024, at 05:30<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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