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[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log på</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"><div id="mw-dismissablenotice-anonplace"></div><script>(function(){var node=document.getElementById("mw-dismissablenotice-anonplace");if(node){node.outerHTML="\u003Cdiv class=\"mw-dismissable-notice\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"mw-dismissable-notice-close\"\u003E[\u003Ca tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\"\u003ELuk\u003C/a\u003E]\u003C/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"mw-dismissable-notice-body\"\u003E\u003C!-- CentralNotice --\u003E\u003Cdiv id=\"localNotice\" data-nosnippet=\"\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"sitenotice\" lang=\"da\" dir=\"ltr\"\u003E\u003Cp\u003EDu kan deltage i Palnatokes traditionelle \u003Ca href=\"/wiki/Bruger:Palnatoke/Julequiz\" class=\"mw-redirect\" 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vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Indhold</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">flyt til sidebjælken</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">skjul</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Indledning</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Lipidkategorier" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lipidkategorier"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Lipidkategorier</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Lipidkategorier-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Vis/skjul underafsnit Lipidkategorier</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Lipidkategorier-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Fedtsyrer" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fedtsyrer"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Fedtsyrer</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fedtsyrer-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Glycerolipider" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Glycerolipider"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Glycerolipider</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Glycerolipider-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Glycerofosfolipider" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Glycerofosfolipider"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Glycerofosfolipider</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Glycerofosfolipider-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sphingolipider" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sphingolipider"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Sphingolipider</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sphingolipider-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sterollipider" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sterollipider"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Sterollipider</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sterollipider-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Prenollipider" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Prenollipider"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span> <span>Prenollipider</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Prenollipider-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sakkarolipider" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sakkarolipider"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.7</span> <span>Sakkarolipider</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sakkarolipider-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Polyketider" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Polyketider"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.8</span> <span>Polyketider</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Polyketider-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Biologiske_funktioner" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Biologiske_funktioner"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Biologiske funktioner</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Biologiske_funktioner-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Vis/skjul underafsnit Biologiske funktioner</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Biologiske_funktioner-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Membraner" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Membraner"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Membraner</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Membraner-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Energilagring" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Energilagring"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Energilagring</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Energilagring-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Signalering" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Signalering"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Signalering</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Signalering-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Yderligere_læsning" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Yderligere_læsning"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Yderligere læsning</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Yderligere_læsning-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fodnoter" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fodnoter"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Fodnoter</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fodnoter-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Eksterne_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eksterne_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Eksterne links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eksterne_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Indhold" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Vis/skjul indholdsfortegnelsen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Vis/skjul indholdsfortegnelsen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Lipid</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Gå til en artikel på et andet sprog. Tilgængelig på 112 sprog" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-112" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">112 sprog</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lipied" title="Lipied – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Lipied" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lipide" title="Lipide – schweizertysk" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Lipide" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="schweizertysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lipido" title="Lipido – aragonsk" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Lipido" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%AF" title="ليبيد – arabisk" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ليبيد" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%BE%D9%8A%D8%AF" title="ليپيد – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="ليپيد" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A1" title="লিপিড – assamesisk" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="লিপিড" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="assamesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%ADpidu" title="Lípidu – asturisk" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Lípidu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lipidl%C9%99r" title="Lipidlər – aserbajdsjansk" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Lipidlər" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="aserbajdsjansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%AF" title="لیپید – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="لیپید" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%B4%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Липидтар – bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Липидтар" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lipid%C4%81" title="Lipidā – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Lipidā" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lipid" title="Lipid – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Lipid" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%96%D0%BF%D1%96%D0%B4%D1%8B" title="Ліпіды – belarusisk" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Ліпіды" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarusisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%96%D0%BF%D1%96%D0%B4%D1%8B" title="Ліпіды – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Ліпіды" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%B4" title="Липид – bulgarsk" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Липид" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgarsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A1" title="লিপিড – bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="লিপিড" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lipid" title="Lipid – bretonsk" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Lipid" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretonsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lipidi" title="Lipidi – bosnisk" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Lipidi" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosnisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%ADpid" title="Lípid – catalansk" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Lípid" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lipid" title="Lipid – cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Lipid" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%AF" title="لیپید – sorani" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="لیپید" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="sorani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lipidy" title="Lipidy – tjekkisk" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Lipidy" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tjekkisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lipid" title="Lipid – walisisk" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Lipid" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="walisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lipide" title="Lipide – tysk" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Lipide" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%8A%DE%AC%DE%93%DE%B0" title="ފެޓް – divehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ފެޓް" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="divehi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9B%CE%B9%CF%80%CE%AF%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Λιπίδιο – græsk" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Λιπίδιο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="græsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lipid" title="Lipid – engelsk" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Lipid" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engelsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lipido" title="Lipido – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Lipido" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%ADpido" title="Lípido – spansk" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Lípido" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lipiidid" title="Lipiidid – estisk" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Lipiidid" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lipido" title="Lipido – baskisk" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Lipido" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%ADpiu" title="Lípiu – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Lípiu" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%AF" title="لیپید – persisk" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="لیپید" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lipidi" title="Lipidi – finsk" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Lipidi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lipid" title="Lipid – fijiansk" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Lipid" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="fijiansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Na Vosa Vakaviti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lipide" title="Lipide – fransk" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Lipide" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="fransk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lipid%C3%AD" title="Lipidí – irsk" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Lipidí" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="god artikel"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%ADpido" title="Lípido – galicisk" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Lípido" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galicisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%93" title="ליפיד – hebraisk" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ליפיד" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebraisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A1" title="लिपिड – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="लिपिड" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lipid" title="Lipid – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Lipid" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lipidi" title="Lipidi – kroatisk" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Lipidi" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="kroatisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lipid" title="Lipid – haitisk" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Lipid" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="haitisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lipidek" title="Lipidek – ungarsk" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Lipidek" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungarsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BC%D5%AB%D5%BA%D5%AB%D5%A4" title="Լիպիդ – armensk" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Լիպիդ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lipido" title="Lipido – interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Lipido" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lipida" title="Lipida – indonesisk" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Lipida" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fita" title="Fita – islandsk" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Fita" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lipidi" title="Lipidi – italiensk" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Lipidi" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%84%82%E8%B3%AA" title="脂質 – japansk" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="脂質" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gajih" title="Gajih – javanesisk" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Gajih" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javanesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%9E%E1%83%98%E1%83%93%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98" title="ლიპიდები – georgisk" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ლიპიდები" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%B4%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Липидтер – kasakhisk" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Липидтер" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kasakhisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A7%80%EC%A7%88_(%EC%83%9D%EB%AC%BC%ED%95%99)" title="지질 (생물학) – koreansk" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="지질 (생물학)" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%AEp%C3%AEd" title="Lîpîd – kurdisk" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Lîpîd" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurdisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lipid" title="Lipid – cornisk" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Lipid" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="cornisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%B4" title="Липид – kirgisisk" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Липид" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lipidum" title="Lipidum – latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Lipidum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lipid" title="Lipid – luxembourgsk" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Lipid" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luxembourgsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lipid" title="Lipid – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Lipid" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BB%84%E0%BA%82%E0%BA%A1%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%99" title="ໄຂມັນ – lao" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ໄຂມັນ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="lao" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lipidai" title="Lipidai – litauisk" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Lipidai" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litauisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lip%C4%ABdi" title="Lipīdi – lettisk" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Lipīdi" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="lettisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lipida" title="Lipida – malagassisk" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Lipida" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malagassisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%B4" title="Липид – makedonsk" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Липид" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedonsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%8D" title="ലിപ്പിഡ് – malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ലിപ്പിഡ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lipid" title="Lipid – malajisk" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Lipid" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malajisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lipid" title="Lipid – nedertysk" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Lipid" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="nedertysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lipide" title="Lipide – nederlandsk" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Lipide" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nederlandsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lipid" title="Lipid – nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Lipid" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lipid" title="Lipid – bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Lipid" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lipid" title="Lipid – occitansk" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Lipid" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suuphana" title="Suuphana – oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Suuphana" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%B8%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%A8%E0%AD%87%E0%AC%B9%E0%AC%B8%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%B0" title="ସ୍ନେହସାର – oriya" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ସ୍ନେହସାର" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="oriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BE" title="ਵਸਾ – punjabisk" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਵਸਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="punjabisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lipid" title="Lipid – pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Lipid" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lipidy" title="Lipidy – polsk" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Lipidy" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%BE%DA%88" title="لپڈ – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="لپڈ" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%BA%D9%88%DA%93" title="غوړ – pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="غوړ" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%ADpido" title="Lípido – portugisisk" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Lípido" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lipid%C4%83" title="Lipidă – rumænsk" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Lipidă" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumænsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%B4%D1%8B" title="Липиды – russisk" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Липиды" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%96%D0%BF%D1%96%D0%B4%D1%8B" title="Ліпіды – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Ліпіды" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%82%D1%8D%D1%80" title="Липииттэр – jakutisk" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Липииттэр" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="jakutisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lipidi" title="Lipidi – siciliansk" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Lipidi" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="siciliansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lipid" title="Lipid – skotsk" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Lipid" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="skotsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lipidi" title="Lipidi – serbokroatisk" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Lipidi" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbokroatisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A9" title="ලිපිඩ – singalesisk" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ලිපිඩ" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="singalesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lipid" title="Lipid – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Lipid" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lipid" title="Lipid – slovakisk" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Lipid" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovakisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="fremragende artikel"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lipid" title="Lipid – slovensk" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Lipid" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baruur" title="Baruur – somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Baruur" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lipidet" title="Lipidet – albansk" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Lipidet" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%B4" title="Липид – serbisk" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Липид" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lipid" title="Lipid – sundanesisk" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Lipid" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sundanesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lipid" title="Lipid – svensk" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Lipid" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="svensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lipidi" title="Lipidi – swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Lipidi" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%B4%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="கொழுமியம் – tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கொழுமியம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8A%E0%B0%B5%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B5%E0%B1%81_%E0%B0%AA%E0%B0%A6%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A7%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81" title="కొవ్వు పదార్ధాలు – telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="కొవ్వు పదార్ధాలు" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%94" title="ลิพิด – thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ลิพิด" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lipido" title="Lipido – tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Lipido" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lipit" title="Lipit – tyrkisk" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Lipit" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="tyrkisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%96%D0%BF%D1%96%D0%B4%D0%B8" title="Ліпіди – ukrainsk" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Ліпіди" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%AD%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="شحمیات – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="شحمیات" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lipidlar" title="Lipidlar – usbekisk" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Lipidlar" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="usbekisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lipidi" title="Lipidi – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Lipidi" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lipid" title="Lipid – vietnamesisk" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Lipid" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lipido" title="Lipido – waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Lipido" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%84%82%E7%B1%BB" title="脂类 – wu-kinesisk" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="脂类" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu-kinesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%93" title="ליפיד – jiddisch" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="ליפיד" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="jiddisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%84%82%E9%A1%9E" title="脂類 – kinesisk" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="脂類" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="kinesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%84%82" title="脂 – kantonesisk" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="脂" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantonesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q11367#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Redigér sproglinks" class="wbc-editpage">Redigér links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Navnerum"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Lipid" title="Se indholdssiden [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artikel</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Diskussion:Lipid" rel="discussion" title="Diskussion om indholdet på siden [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Diskussion</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Ændr sprogvariant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">dansk</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Visninger"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Lipid"><span>Læs</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lipid&veaction=edit" title="Redigér denne side [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Redigér</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lipid&action=edit" title="Rediger kildekoden for denne side [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Rediger kildekode</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lipid&action=history" title="Tidligere versioner af denne side [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Se historik</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Sideværktøjer"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Værktøjer" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Værktøjer</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Værktøjer</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">flyt til sidebjælken</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">skjul</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Flere muligheder" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Handlinger </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Lipid"><span>Læs</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lipid&veaction=edit" title="Redigér denne side [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Redigér</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lipid&action=edit" title="Rediger kildekoden for denne side [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Rediger kildekode</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lipid&action=history"><span>Se historik</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Generelt </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciel:Hvad_linker_hertil/Lipid" title="Liste med alle sider som henviser hertil [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Hvad henviser hertil</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciel:Relaterede_%C3%A6ndringer/Lipid" rel="nofollow" title="Seneste ændringer af sider som denne side henviser til [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Beslægtede ændringer</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=da&campaign=dk" title="Upload filer [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload fil</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciel:Specialsider" title="Liste over alle specialsider [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Specialsider</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lipid&oldid=11858301" title="Permanent link til denne version af denne side"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lipid&action=info" title="Yderligere oplysninger om denne side"><span>Sideinformation</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciel:Citer&page=Lipid&id=11858301&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information om, hvordan man kan citere denne side"><span>Referer til denne side</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciel:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fda.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FLipid"><span>Hent forkortet URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciel:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fda.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FLipid"><span>Download QR-kode</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-Organisation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-Organisation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Organisation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-contact" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Kontakt_Wikipedia"><span>Kontakt Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-Wikimedia-Danmark" class="mw-list-item"><a href="https://dk.wikimedia.org/wiki/"><span>Wikimedia Danmark</span></a></li><li id="n-GLAM" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:GLAM"><span>GLAM</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Udskriv/eksportér </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciel:Bog&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Lipid"><span>Lav en bog</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciel:DownloadAsPdf&page=Lipid&action=show-download-screen"><span>Download som PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lipid&printable=yes" title="Printervenlig udgave af denne side [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Udskriftsvenlig udgave</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> I andre projekter </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Lipids" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q11367" title="Link til tilknyttet emne i Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata-element</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Sideværktøjer"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Udseende"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Udseende</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">flyt til sidebjælken</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">skjul</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Fra Wikipedia, den frie encyklopædi</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Omdirigeret fra <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fedtstof&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Fedtstof">Fedtstof</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="da" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Common_lipid_types.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Common_lipid_types.svg/450px-Common_lipid_types.svg.png" decoding="async" width="450" height="497" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Common_lipid_types.svg/675px-Common_lipid_types.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Common_lipid_types.svg/900px-Common_lipid_types.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1630" data-file-height="1800" /></a><figcaption>Nogle almindelige lipiders struktur. Øverst er <a href="/wiki/Kolesterol" title="Kolesterol">kolesterol</a><sup id="cite_ref-Maitland_1998_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Maitland_1998-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> og <a href="/wiki/Oliesyre" title="Oliesyre">oliesyre</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Den midterste struktur er en <a href="/wiki/Triglycerid" title="Triglycerid">triglycerid</a> bestående af <a href="/w/index.php?title=Oleat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oleat (ikke skrevet endnu)">oleoyl</a>-, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Stearat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stearat (ikke skrevet endnu)">stearoyl</a>- og <a href="/wiki/Palmitinsyre" title="Palmitinsyre">palmitoyl</a>-kæder hæftet på en <a href="/wiki/Glycerol" class="mw-redirect" title="Glycerol">glycerol</a>-rygrad. I bunden er det almindelige <a href="/wiki/Fosfolipid" title="Fosfolipid">fosfolipid</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fosfatidylcholin" title="Fosfatidylcholin">fosfatidylcholin</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Stryer330_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stryer330-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p><b>Lipider</b> er en gruppe af naturligt forekommende <a href="/wiki/Molekyle" title="Molekyle">molekyler</a>, der omfatter <a href="/wiki/Fedt" class="mw-redirect" title="Fedt">fedtstoffer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Voks" title="Voks">voks</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sterol" title="Sterol">steroler</a>, fedtopløselige <a href="/wiki/Vitamin" title="Vitamin">vitaminer</a> (såsom vitamin A, D, E og K), <a href="/wiki/Monoglycerid" title="Monoglycerid">monoglycerider</a>, <a href="/wiki/Diglycerid" title="Diglycerid">diglycerider</a>, <a href="/wiki/Triglycerid" title="Triglycerid">triglycerider</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fosfolipid" title="Fosfolipid">fosfolipider</a> og andre. Lipiders centrale biologiske funktioner omfatter at opbevare energi, signalere, og fungere som en strukturel komponent i <a href="/wiki/Cellemembran" title="Cellemembran">cellemembraner</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Fahy_2009_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fahy_2009-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Subramaniam_2011_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Subramaniam_2011-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lipider anvendes indenfor kosmetik og fødevareindustrien, samt indenfor nanoteknologi.<sup id="cite_ref-Mashaghi_2013_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mashaghi_2013-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Lipider kan bredt defineres som <a href="/wiki/Hydrofob" title="Hydrofob">hydrofobe</a> eller <a href="/wiki/Amfifil" title="Amfifil">amfifile</a> små molekyler; nogle lipiders amfifile natur tillader dem at danne strukturer såsom <a href="/wiki/Vesikel" title="Vesikel">vesikler</a>, multilamellare/unilamellare liposomer, eller membraner i et vandigt miljø ved <a href="/wiki/Selvsamling" title="Selvsamling">selvsamling</a>. Biologiske lipider opstår fuldstændigt eller delvist fra to forskellige typer biokemiske underenheder eller "byggesten": <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ketoacyl&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ketoacyl (ikke skrevet endnu)">ketoacyl</a> og <a href="/wiki/Isopren" title="Isopren">isopren</a>-grupper.<sup id="cite_ref-Fahy_2009_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fahy_2009-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ved at bruge denne tilgang kan man opdele lipider i otte kategorier: <a href="/wiki/Fedtsyre" title="Fedtsyre">fedtsyrer</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Glycerolipid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Glycerolipid (ikke skrevet endnu)">glycerolipider</a>, <a href="/wiki/Glycerofosfolipid" title="Glycerofosfolipid">glycerofosfolipider</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sphingolipid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sphingolipid (ikke skrevet endnu)">sphingolipider</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sakkarolipid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sakkarolipid (ikke skrevet endnu)">sakkarolipider</a> og <a href="/w/index.php?title=Polyketid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Polyketid (ikke skrevet endnu)">polyketider</a> (fra kondensering af ketoacyl-underenheder); samt sterollipider og prenollipider (fra konsensering af isopren-underenheder).<sup id="cite_ref-Fahy_2009_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fahy_2009-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Selvom begrebet <i>lipid</i> somme tider bruges som synonym for <b>fedtstof</b> er fedtstoffer en undergruppe af lipider kaldet <a href="/wiki/Triglycerid" title="Triglycerid">triglycerider</a>. Lipider omfatter molekyler såsom <a href="/wiki/Fedtsyre" title="Fedtsyre">fedtsyrer</a> og deres derivater (heriblandt <a href="/wiki/Triglycerid" title="Triglycerid">tri-</a>, <a href="/wiki/Diglycerid" title="Diglycerid">di-</a>, <a href="/wiki/Monoglycerid" title="Monoglycerid">monoglycerider</a> og <a href="/wiki/Fosfolipid" title="Fosfolipid">fosfolipider</a>), såvel som andre <a href="/wiki/Sterol" title="Sterol">sterol</a>-indeholdende <a href="/wiki/Metabolit" title="Metabolit">metabolitter</a> såsom <a href="/wiki/Kolesterol" title="Kolesterol">kolesterol</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Michelle_1993_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Michelle_1993-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Selvom mennesker og andre pattedyr bruger diverse <a href="/wiki/Metabolisme" class="mw-redirect" title="Metabolisme">biosyntetiske veje</a> til at nedbryde og syntetisere lipider, er der nogle essentielle lipider, der ikke kan skabes på denne måde og skal opnås gennem kosten. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Lipidkategorier">Lipidkategorier</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lipid&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Redigér afsnit: Lipidkategorier" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigér</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lipid&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Lipidkategorier"><span>rediger kildetekst</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fedtsyrer">Fedtsyrer</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lipid&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Redigér afsnit: Fedtsyrer" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigér</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lipid&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Fedtsyrer"><span>rediger kildetekst</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Fedtsyre" title="Fedtsyre">Fedtsyrer</a>, eller <a href="/wiki/Remanens" title="Remanens">fedtsyreremanenser</a> når de er en del af et lipid, er en forskelligartet molekylegruppe syntetiseret af kæde-forlængelse af en <a href="/w/index.php?title=Acetyl-CoA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Acetyl-CoA (ikke skrevet endnu)">acetyl-CoA</a>-primer med <a href="/w/index.php?title=Malonyl-CoA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Malonyl-CoA (ikke skrevet endnu)">malonyl-CoA</a>- eller <a href="/w/index.php?title=Metylmalonyl-CoA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Metylmalonyl-CoA (ikke skrevet endnu)">metylmalonyl-CoA</a>-grupper i en proces kaldet <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fedtsyresyntese&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fedtsyresyntese (ikke skrevet endnu)">fedtsyresyntese</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Vance_2002_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vance_2002-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Brown_2007_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brown_2007-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> De består af en <a href="/wiki/Alifatisk_forbindelse" title="Alifatisk forbindelse">carbonhydrid-kæde</a>, der slutter i en <a href="/wiki/Carboxylsyre" title="Carboxylsyre">carboxylsyre</a>-gruppe; dette arrangement giver molekylet en <a href="/wiki/Kemisk_polaritet" title="Kemisk polaritet">polær</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hydrofil" title="Hydrofil">hydrofil</a> ende, og en ikke-polær, <a href="/wiki/Hydrofob" title="Hydrofob">hydrofob</a> end, der er <a href="/wiki/Opl%C3%B8selighed" title="Opløselighed">uopløselig</a> i vand. Fedtsyrestrukturen er en af de mest grundlæggende kategorier af biologiske lipider, og bruges ofte som en byggesten til mere strukturelt komplekse lipider. Carbonkæden, der typisk er mellem fire og 24 carboner lang,<sup id="cite_ref-Hunt_1995_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hunt_1995-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> kan være <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A6ttet_fedt" title="Mættet fedt">mættet</a> eller umættet, og kan hæftes på <a href="/wiki/Funktionel_gruppe" title="Funktionel gruppe">funktionelle grupper</a> indeholdende <a href="/wiki/Oxygen" class="mw-redirect" title="Oxygen">oxygen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Halogen" class="mw-redirect" title="Halogen">halogener</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nitrogen" class="mw-redirect" title="Nitrogen">nitrogen</a> og <a href="/wiki/Svovl" title="Svovl">svovl</a>. Hvis en fedtsyre indeholder en dobbeltbinding er der en mulighed for enten en <i>cis</i> eller <i>trans</i> <a href="/wiki/Cis-trans-isomeri" title="Cis-trans-isomeri">geometrisk isomerisme</a>, som i væsentlig grad påvirker molekylets <a href="/w/index.php?title=Molekyl%C3%A6r_konfiguration&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Molekylær konfiguration (ikke skrevet endnu)">konfiguration</a>. <i>Cis</i>-dobbeltbindinger får fedtsyrekæden til at bøje, hvilket styrkes yderligere med dobbeltbindinger i kæden. Tre dobbeltbindinger i 18-carbon <i>linolensyre</i>, den mest udbredte fedt-acyl-kæde i planters <a href="/w/index.php?title=Thylakoidmembran&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thylakoidmembran (ikke skrevet endnu)">thylakoidmembraner</a>, gør disse membraner stærkt flydende på trods af miljøets lave temperaturer,<sup id="cite_ref-YashRoy_1987_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-YashRoy_1987-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> og får ligeledes linolensyre til at give dominerende høje spidser i højopløsning 13-C NMR-spektre af kloroplast. Dette spiller en vigtig rolle i cellemembraners struktur og funktion.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> De fleste naturligt forekommende fedtsyrer har en <i>cis</i>-konfiguration, selvom <i>trans</i>-formen eksisterer i nogle naturlige og delvist hydrogenerede fedt og olier.<sup id="cite_ref-Hunter_2006_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hunter_2006-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Blandt eksempler på biologisk vigtige fedtsyrer er <a href="/w/index.php?title=Eikosanoid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eikosanoid (ikke skrevet endnu)">eikosanoider</a>, der primært stammer fra <a href="/wiki/Arakidonsyre" title="Arakidonsyre">arakidonsyre</a> og <a href="/wiki/Icosapentaensyre" title="Icosapentaensyre">icosapentaensyre</a>, som inkluderer <a href="/w/index.php?title=Prostaglandin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Prostaglandin (ikke skrevet endnu)">prostaglandiner</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Leukotrien&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Leukotrien (ikke skrevet endnu)">leukotriener</a> og <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tromboxan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tromboxan (ikke skrevet endnu)">tromboxaner</a>. <a href="/wiki/Docosahexaensyre" title="Docosahexaensyre">Docosahexaensyre</a> er også vigtigt i biologiske systemer, særligt hvad angår syn.<sup id="cite_ref-The_Lipid_Chronicles_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Lipid_Chronicles-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Blandt andre større lipid-klasser i kategorien af fedtsyrer er fedtestere og fedtamider. Fedtestere omfatter vigtige biokemiske mellemprodukter såsom <a href="/w/index.php?title=Voksester&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Voksester (ikke skrevet endnu)">voksestere</a>, fedtsyre- <a href="/w/index.php?title=Thioester&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thioester (ikke skrevet endnu)">thioester</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Koenzym_A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Koenzym A (ikke skrevet endnu)">koenzym A</a>-derivater, fedtsyre-thioester <a href="/w/index.php?title=Acylb%C3%A6rerprotein&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Acylbærerprotein (ikke skrevet endnu)">ACP</a>-derivater og fedtsyre-carnitiner. Fedtamiderne omfatter <a href="/w/index.php?title=N-acylethanolamin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="N-acylethanolamin (ikke skrevet endnu)">N-acylethanolaminer</a>, såsom <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cannabinoid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cannabinoid (ikke skrevet endnu)">cannabinoide</a>-neurotransmitteren <a href="/w/index.php?title=Anandamid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anandamid (ikke skrevet endnu)">anandamid</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Fezza_2008_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fezza_2008-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Glycerolipider">Glycerolipider</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lipid&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Redigér afsnit: Glycerolipider" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigér</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lipid&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Glycerolipider"><span>rediger kildetekst</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Glycerolipider består af mono-, di- og tri-substituerede <a href="/wiki/Glycerol" class="mw-redirect" title="Glycerol">glyceroler</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Coleman_2004_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Coleman_2004-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> hvoraf de bedst kendte er fedtsyre-<a href="/wiki/Ester_(kemi)" title="Ester (kemi)">triestere</a> af glycerol, kaldt <a href="/wiki/Triglycerid" title="Triglycerid">triglycerider</a>. Ordet "triacylglycerol" bruges somme tider synonymt med "triglycerid". I disse forbindelser er hver af de tre hydroxyl-grupper af glycerol esterificerede, typisk af forskellige fedtsyrer. Da de fungerer som en form for energilagring, udgør disse lipider størstedelen af fedtlageret i animalsk væv. Hydrolysen af <a href="/wiki/Ester_(kemi)" title="Ester (kemi)">ester</a>-bindinger af triglycerider, samt frigørelsen af glycerol og fedtsyrer fra <a href="/wiki/Fedtv%C3%A6v" title="Fedtvæv">fedtvæv</a> er de begyndende skridt ved metabolisering af fedt.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Yderligere underklasser af glycerolipider repræsenteres ved glycosylglyceroler, som er karakteriseret ved tilstedeværelsen af en eller flere <a href="/wiki/Monosakkarid" class="mw-redirect" title="Monosakkarid">sukkerrremanenser</a> vedhæftet glycerol via en <a href="/wiki/Glykosidbinding" title="Glykosidbinding">glykosidbinding</a>. Blandt eksempler på strukturer i denne kategori er digalactosyldiacylglyceroler, der findes i plantemembraner,<sup id="cite_ref-Hölzl_2007_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hölzl_2007-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> og seminolipider fra pattedyrs <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A6dcelle" title="Sædcelle">sædceller</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Honke_2004_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Honke_2004-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Glycerofosfolipider">Glycerofosfolipider</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lipid&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Redigér afsnit: Glycerofosfolipider" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigér</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lipid&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Glycerofosfolipider"><span>rediger kildetekst</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="detail"><span><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Uddybende"><img alt="Uddybende" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/15px-Searchtool.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/23px-Searchtool.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/30px-Searchtool.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span> <span>Uddybende artikel: <a href="/wiki/Glycerofosfolipid" title="Glycerofosfolipid">Glycerofosfolipid</a></span></span></div><p> Glycerofosfolipider, normalt omtalt som <a href="/wiki/Fosfolipid" title="Fosfolipid">fosfolipider</a>, er overalt i naturen, og er nøglekomponenter i cellers <a href="/wiki/Lipiddobbeltlag" class="mw-redirect" title="Lipiddobbeltlag">lipiddobbeltlag</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-The_Structure_of_a_Membrane_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Structure_of_a_Membrane-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> såvel som medvirkende ved <a href="/wiki/Metabolisme" class="mw-redirect" title="Metabolisme">metabolisme</a> og <a href="/wiki/Cellesignalering" title="Cellesignalering">cellesignalering</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Berridge_1989_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Berridge_1989-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nervevæv (heriblandt hjernen) indeholder relativt store mængder glycerofosfolipider, og forandringer i deres sammensætning er blevet implicerede ved diverse neurologiske sygdomme.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid10878232_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid10878232-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Glycerofosfolipider kan underinddeles i særskilte klasser baseret på af glycerolrygradens polære hovedgruppes <i>sn</i>-3-position i <a href="/wiki/Eukaryot" class="mw-redirect" title="Eukaryot">eukaryoter</a> og eubakterier, eller <i>sn</i>-1-position hos <a href="/wiki/Ark%C3%A6er" title="Arkæer">arkæer</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Ivanova_2007_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ivanova_2007-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Phosphatidyl-ethanolamine.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Phosphatidyl-ethanolamine.svg/220px-Phosphatidyl-ethanolamine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="95" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Phosphatidyl-ethanolamine.svg/330px-Phosphatidyl-ethanolamine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Phosphatidyl-ethanolamine.svg/440px-Phosphatidyl-ethanolamine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="660" data-file-height="286" /></a><figcaption><center>Fosfatidyletanolamin<sup id="cite_ref-Stryer330_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stryer330-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></center></figcaption></figure> <p>Blandt eksempler på glycerofosfolipider, der findes i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Biologisk_membran&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Biologisk membran (ikke skrevet endnu)">biologisk membran</a> er <a href="/wiki/Fosfatidylcholin" title="Fosfatidylcholin">fosfatidylcholin</a> (også kendt som PC, GPCho eller <a href="/wiki/Lecitin" title="Lecitin">lecitin</a>), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fosfatidyletanolamin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fosfatidyletanolamin (ikke skrevet endnu)">fosfatidyletanolamin</a> (PE eller GPEtn) og <a href="/wiki/Fosfatidylserin" title="Fosfatidylserin">fosfatidylserin</a> (PS eller GPSer). Udover at tjene som en primær komponent i cellemembran og bindingssteder for intra- og intercellulære proteiner, er nogle glycerofosfolipider i eukaryotiske celle, såsom <a href="/wiki/Fosfatidylinositol" title="Fosfatidylinositol">fosfatidylinositoler</a> og <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fosfatidinsyre&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fosfatidinsyre (ikke skrevet endnu)">fosfatidinsyrer</a>, enten forløbere for, eller selv, membran-deriverede <a href="/w/index.php?title=Second_messenger&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Second messenger (ikke skrevet endnu)">second messengers</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Typisk er en eller begge disse hydroxylgrupper aculerede med lang-kædede fedtsyrer, men der findes også alkyl-forbundne og 1Z-alkenyl-forbundne (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Plasmalogen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Plasmalogen (ikke skrevet endnu)">plasmalogen</a>) glycerofosfolipider, såvel som dialkylæter-varianter arkæer.<sup id="cite_ref-Paltauf_1994_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Paltauf_1994-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sphingolipider">Sphingolipider</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lipid&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Redigér afsnit: Sphingolipider" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigér</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lipid&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Sphingolipider"><span>rediger kildetekst</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sphingolipid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sphingolipid (ikke skrevet endnu)">Sphingolipider</a> er en kompliceret familie af forbindelser<sup id="cite_ref-Merrill_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Merrill-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> som har en fælles strukturel egenskab, en <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sphingoidbase&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sphingoidbase (ikke skrevet endnu)">sphingoidbase</a>-rygrad, der syntetiseres <a href="/w/index.php?title=De_novo-syntese&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="De novo-syntese (ikke skrevet endnu)"><i>de novo</i></a> fra aminosyren <a href="/wiki/Serin" title="Serin">serin</a> og en lang-kædet fedt-acyl-CoA, og konverteres derefter til <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ceramid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ceramid (ikke skrevet endnu)">ceramider</a>, fosfosphingolipider, glycosphingolipider og andre forbindelser. Pattedyrs store sphingoidbase omtales normalt som <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sphingosin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sphingosin (ikke skrevet endnu)">sphingosin</a>. Ceramider (N-acyl-sphingoidbaser) er en stor underklasse af sphingoidbase-derivativer med en <a href="/wiki/Amid_(funktionel_gruppe)" title="Amid (funktionel gruppe)">amid</a>-forbundet fedtsyre. Fedtsyrerne er typisk mættede eller enkeltumættede med en kædelængde på mellem 16 og 26 carbonatomer.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Sphingomyelin-horizontal-2D-skeletal.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Sphingomyelin-horizontal-2D-skeletal.png/220px-Sphingomyelin-horizontal-2D-skeletal.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="63" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Sphingomyelin-horizontal-2D-skeletal.png/330px-Sphingomyelin-horizontal-2D-skeletal.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Sphingomyelin-horizontal-2D-skeletal.png/440px-Sphingomyelin-horizontal-2D-skeletal.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="314" /></a><figcaption><center>Sphingomyelin<sup id="cite_ref-Stryer330_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stryer330-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></center></figcaption></figure> <p>Pattedyrs store fosfosphingolipider er <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sphingomyelin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sphingomyelin (ikke skrevet endnu)">sphingomyeliner</a> (ceramidfosfocholiner),<sup id="cite_ref-Hori_1993_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hori_1993-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> hvorimod insekter hovedsageligt indeholder ceramidfosfoætanolaminer<sup id="cite_ref-Wiegandt_1992_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wiegandt_1992-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> og svampe har fytoceramid-fosfoinositoler og <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mannose&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mannose (ikke skrevet endnu)">mannose</a>-indeholdende hovedgrupper.<sup id="cite_ref-Guan_2008_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Guan_2008-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Glycosphingolipider er en forskelligartet molekylefamilie bestående af en eller flere sukkerremanenser forbundet via en <a href="/wiki/Glykosidbinding" title="Glykosidbinding">glykosidbinding</a> til sphingoidbasen. Blandt eksempler på disse er de simple og komplekse glykosphingolipider såsom <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cerebrosid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cerebrosid (ikke skrevet endnu)">cerebrosider</a> og <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gangliosid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gangliosid (ikke skrevet endnu)">gangliosider</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sterollipider">Sterollipider</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lipid&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Redigér afsnit: Sterollipider" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigér</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lipid&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Sterollipider"><span>rediger kildetekst</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Sterol" title="Sterol">Sterollipider</a>, såsom <a href="/wiki/Kolesterol" title="Kolesterol">kolesterol</a> og dets derivativer, er en vigtig bestanddel i membranlipider,<sup id="cite_ref-Bach_2003_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bach_2003-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> sammen med glycerofosfolipiderne og sphingomyelinerne. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Steroide&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Steroide (ikke skrevet endnu)">Steroider</a>, der alle afledes af den samme kondenserede fire-ringede kernestruktur , har forskellige biologiske roller som <a href="/wiki/Hormon" title="Hormon">hormoner</a> og <a href="/wiki/Cellesignalering" title="Cellesignalering">signalerende molekyler</a>. Blandt steroiderne med 18 carbon (C18) er <a href="/wiki/%C3%98strogen" title="Østrogen">østrogen</a>-familien, hvorimod C19-steroiderne omfatter <a href="/wiki/Androgen" title="Androgen">androgenerne</a> såsom <a href="/wiki/Testosteron" title="Testosteron">testosteron</a> og <a href="/w/index.php?title=Androsteron&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Androsteron (ikke skrevet endnu)">androsteron</a>. C21-underklassen omfatter <a href="/w/index.php?title=Progestogen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Progestogen (ikke skrevet endnu)">progestogenerne</a> såvel som <a href="/wiki/Glukokortikoid" title="Glukokortikoid">glukokortikoiderne</a> og <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mineralokortikoid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mineralokortikoid (ikke skrevet endnu)">mineralokortikoiderne</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Secosteroide&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Secosteroide (ikke skrevet endnu)">Secosteroiderne</a>, bestående af forskellige former for <a href="/wiki/Vitamin_D" title="Vitamin D">vitamin D</a>, er karakteriseret ved spaltning af B-ringen i kernestrukturen.<sup id="cite_ref-Bouillon_2006_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bouillon_2006-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Blandt andre eksempler på <a href="/wiki/Sterol" title="Sterol">steroler</a> er <a href="/w/index.php?title=Galdesyre&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Galdesyre (ikke skrevet endnu)">galdesyrer</a> og deres konjugater,<sup id="cite_ref-Russell_2003_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Russell_2003-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> som i pattedyr er oxiderede kolesterol-derivater og syntetiseres i leveren. Plante-ækvivalenterne er <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fytosterol&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fytosterol (ikke skrevet endnu)">fytosteroler</a>, såsom <a href="/w/index.php?title=%CE%92-sitosterol&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Β-sitosterol (ikke skrevet endnu)">β-sitosterol</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Stigmasterol&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stigmasterol (ikke skrevet endnu)">stigmasterol</a> og <a href="/w/index.php?title=Brassicasterol&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Brassicasterol (ikke skrevet endnu)">brassicasterol</a>; hvoraf den sidstnævnte forbindelse også bruges som en <a href="/wiki/Biomark%C3%B8r" title="Biomarkør">biomarkør</a> for <a href="/wiki/Alger" title="Alger">algevækst</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Villinski_2008_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Villinski_2008-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Den dominerende sterol i <a href="/wiki/Svampe" title="Svampe">svampe</a>-cellemembraner er <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ergosterol&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ergosterol (ikke skrevet endnu)">ergosterol</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Deacon_2005_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Deacon_2005-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Prenollipider">Prenollipider</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lipid&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Redigér afsnit: Prenollipider" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigér</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lipid&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Prenollipider"><span>rediger kildetekst</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prenol&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Prenol (ikke skrevet endnu)">Prenollipider</a> syntetiseres fra fem-carbon-enhedforløberne <a href="/w/index.php?title=Isopentenylpyrofosfat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Isopentenylpyrofosfat (ikke skrevet endnu)">isopentenylpyrofosfat</a> og <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dimetylallylpyrofosfat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dimetylallylpyrofosfat (ikke skrevet endnu)">dimetylallylpyrofosfat</a>, der centralt produceres via <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mevalonsyre&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mevalonsyre (ikke skrevet endnu)">mevalonsyre</a> (MVA)-veje.<sup id="cite_ref-Kuzuyama_2003_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kuzuyama_2003-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> De simple isoprenoider (lineære alkoholer, difosfater, etc.) dannes af successive tilsætning af C5-enheder, og klassificeres i henhold til et antal af disse <a href="/wiki/Terpen" title="Terpen">terpenenheder</a>. Strukturer, der indeholder mere end 40 carboner kendes som polyterpener. <a href="/wiki/Karotenoid" class="mw-redirect" title="Karotenoid">Karotenoider</a> er vigtige simple isoprenoider, der fungerer som <a href="/wiki/Antioxidant" title="Antioxidant">antioxidanter</a> og forløbere for <a href="/wiki/Vitamin_A" title="Vitamin A">vitamin A</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Rao_2007_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rao_2007-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> En anden biologisk vigtig molekyleklasse eksemplificeres af <a href="/wiki/Quinon" title="Quinon">quinoner</a> og <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hydroquinon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hydroquinon (ikke skrevet endnu)">hydroquinoner</a>, som indeholder en isoprenoid-hale vedhæftet en quinonoid-kerne af ikke-isoprenoid oprindelse.<sup id="cite_ref-Brunmark_1989_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brunmark_1989-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Vitamin_E" title="Vitamin E">Vitamin E</a> og <a href="/wiki/Vitamin_K" title="Vitamin K">vitamin K</a>, såvel som <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ubiquinone&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ubiquinone (ikke skrevet endnu)">ubiquinoner</a>, er eksempler fra denne klasse. Prokaryoter syntetiserer polyprenoler (kaldet <a href="/wiki/Bactoprenol" title="Bactoprenol">bactoprenoler</a>) hvorved den sidste isoprenoid-enhed vedhæftet oxygen forbliver umættet, hvorimod den sidste isoprenoid reduceres i animalske polyprenoler (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Dolichol&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dolichol (ikke skrevet endnu)">dolicholer</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-Swiezewska_2005_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Swiezewska_2005-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sakkarolipider">Sakkarolipider</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lipid&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Redigér afsnit: Sakkarolipider" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigér</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lipid&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Sakkarolipider"><span>rediger kildetekst</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Kdo2-lipidA.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Kdo2-lipidA.png/300px-Kdo2-lipidA.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="259" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Kdo2-lipidA.png/450px-Kdo2-lipidA.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Kdo2-lipidA.png/600px-Kdo2-lipidA.png 2x" data-file-width="1667" data-file-height="1440" /></a><figcaption>Sakkarolipiden Kdo<sub>2</sub>-lipid A's struktur.<sup id="cite_ref-Raetz_2006_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Raetz_2006-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Glucosamin" title="Glucosamin">Glucosamin</a>-remanens i blå, <a href="/w/index.php?title=3-Deoxy-D-manno-oct-2-ulosonsyre&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="3-Deoxy-D-manno-oct-2-ulosonsyre (ikke skrevet endnu)">Kdo</a>-remanens i rød, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Acyl&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Acyl (ikke skrevet endnu)">acyl</a>-kæder i sort og <a href="/wiki/Fosfat" title="Fosfat">fosfat</a>-grupper i grøn.</figcaption></figure> <p>Sakkarolipider er forbindelser, hvori fedtsyrer forbindes direkte til en sukker-rygrad, og danner strukturer der er kompatible med membran-dobbeltlag. I sakkarolipiderne erstatter en <a href="/wiki/Monosakkarid" class="mw-redirect" title="Monosakkarid">monosakkarid</a> glycerol-rygraden i glycerolipider og glycerofosfolipider. De mest udbredte sakkarolipider er acylerede <a href="/w/index.php?title=Glukosamin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Glukosamin (ikke skrevet endnu)">glukosamin</a>-forløbere til <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lipid_A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lipid A (ikke skrevet endnu)">Lipid A</a>-komponenten af <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lipopolysakkarid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lipopolysakkarid (ikke skrevet endnu)">lipopolysakkarider</a> i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gram-negativ_bakterie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gram-negativ bakterie (ikke skrevet endnu)">Gram-negative bakterier</a>. Almindelige lipid A-molekyler er <a href="/wiki/Disakkarid" class="mw-redirect" title="Disakkarid">disakkarider</a> af glukosamin, som er derivatiserede med op til syv fedt-acyl-kæder. Den minimale lipopolysakkarid der kræves for vækst i <a href="/wiki/Escherichia_coli" title="Escherichia coli"><i>E. coli</i></a> er Kdo<sub>2</sub>-Lipid A, en hexa-acyleret disakkarid af glukosamin, som er glykosyleret med to 3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonsyre (Kdo)-remanens.<sup id="cite_ref-Raetz_2006_42-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Raetz_2006-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Polyketider">Polyketider</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lipid&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Redigér afsnit: Polyketider" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigér</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lipid&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Polyketider"><span>rediger kildetekst</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Polyketider syntetiseres af polymerisering af <a href="/wiki/Acetyl" title="Acetyl">acetyl</a> og <a href="/w/index.php?title=Propionyl-CoA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Propionyl-CoA (ikke skrevet endnu)">propionyl</a>-underenheder af klassiske enzymer, såvel som iterative og multimodulære enzymer, der deler samme mekanistiske egenskaber som <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fedtsyresyntase&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fedtsyresyntase (ikke skrevet endnu)">fedtsyresyntaser</a>. De består af et stort antal <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sekund%C3%A6r_metabolit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sekundær metabolit (ikke skrevet endnu)">sekundære metabolitter</a> og <a href="/w/index.php?title=Naturprodukter&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Naturprodukter (ikke skrevet endnu)">naturprodukter</a> fra dyr, planter, bakterier, svampe og maritime kilder, og har en stor strukturel forskelligartethed.<sup id="cite_ref-Walsh_2004_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Walsh_2004-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Caffrey_2008_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Caffrey_2008-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mange polyketider er cykliske mokeyler, hvis rygrad ofte er yderligere modificeret af <a href="/wiki/Glycosylering" title="Glycosylering">glycosylering</a>, <a href="/wiki/Metylering" class="mw-redirect" title="Metylering">metylering</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hydroxylering&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hydroxylering (ikke skrevet endnu)">hydroxylering</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oxidering" class="mw-redirect" title="Oxidering">oxidering</a> og/eller andre processer. Mange ofte anvendte anti-mikrobielle, anti-parasitiske eller cancerbekæmpende <a href="/wiki/Antibiotika" class="mw-redirect" title="Antibiotika">antibiotika</a> er polyketider eller derivater heraf, såsom <a href="/w/index.php?title=Erytromycin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Erytromycin (ikke skrevet endnu)">erytromyciner</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tetracyklin-antibiotika" title="Tetracyklin-antibiotika">tetracykliner</a>, <a href="/wiki/Avermectin" title="Avermectin">avermectiner</a> og tumorbekæmpende <a href="/w/index.php?title=Epothilon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Epothilon (ikke skrevet endnu)">epothiloner</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Minto_2008_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Minto_2008-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biologiske_funktioner">Biologiske funktioner</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lipid&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Redigér afsnit: Biologiske funktioner" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigér</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lipid&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section's source code: Biologiske funktioner"><span>rediger kildetekst</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Membraner">Membraner</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lipid&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Redigér afsnit: Membraner" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigér</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lipid&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section's source code: Membraner"><span>rediger kildetekst</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Eukaryotiske celler er inddelte i membran-bundne <a href="/wiki/Organel" title="Organel">organeller</a>, der udfører forskellige biologiske funktioner. <a href="/wiki/Glycerofosfolipid" title="Glycerofosfolipid">Glycerofosfolipider</a> er den centralt strukturelle komponent i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Biologisk_membran&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Biologisk membran (ikke skrevet endnu)">biologisk membran</a>, såsom den cellulære plasmamembran og organellernes intracellulære membraner. Mens det især er glycerofosfolipider der er den store komponent i biologiske membraner, kan man også finde andre ikke-glyceride lipidkomponenter såsom <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sphingomyelin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sphingomyelin (ikke skrevet endnu)">sphingomyelin</a> og <a href="/wiki/Sterol" title="Sterol">steroler</a> (centralt <a href="/wiki/Kolesterol" title="Kolesterol">kolesterol</a> i animalsk cellemembran).<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> I planter og alger er galactosyldiacylglyceroler,<sup id="cite_ref-Heinz_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Heinz-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> og sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol,<sup id="cite_ref-Hölzl_2007_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hölzl_2007-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> som mangler en fosfatgruppe, vigtige membrankomponenter i kloroplast og relaterede organeller, og er de mest udbredte lipider i fotosyntetisk væv, blandt andet i højere planter, alger og visse bakterier. </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Phospholipids_aqueous_solution_structures.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Phospholipids_aqueous_solution_structures.svg/250px-Phospholipids_aqueous_solution_structures.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="307" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Phospholipids_aqueous_solution_structures.svg/375px-Phospholipids_aqueous_solution_structures.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Phospholipids_aqueous_solution_structures.svg/500px-Phospholipids_aqueous_solution_structures.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="331" data-file-height="407" /></a><figcaption>Selvorganisering af <a href="/wiki/Fosfolipid" title="Fosfolipid">fosfolipider</a>: en kugleformet <a href="/w/index.php?title=Liposom&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liposom (ikke skrevet endnu)">liposom</a>, en <a href="/wiki/Micelle" title="Micelle">micelle</a> og et <a href="/wiki/Lipiddobbeltlag" class="mw-redirect" title="Lipiddobbeltlag">lipiddobbeltlag</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>En biologisk membran er en form for lamellar-fase lipiddobbeltlag. Dannelsen af lipiddobbeltlag er en energetisk foretrukket proces når <a href="/wiki/Glycerofosfolipid" title="Glycerofosfolipid">glycerofosfolipiderne</a> er i et vandigt miljø.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dette kendes som den hydrofobiske effekt. I et vandigt system stiller lipidernes polære hoveder sig mod det polære, vandige miljø, mens de hydrofobiske haler minimerer deres kontakt med vand, sætter sig sammen i klynger og danner en <a href="/wiki/Vesikel" title="Vesikel">vesikel</a>; ved lipidens <a href="/wiki/Kritisk_micellekoncentration" title="Kritisk micellekoncentration">kritiske koncentration</a> kan denne biofysiske interaktion resultere i dannelsen af <a href="/wiki/Micelle" title="Micelle">miceller</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Liposom&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liposom (ikke skrevet endnu)">liposomer</a> eller <a href="/wiki/Lipiddobbeltlag" class="mw-redirect" title="Lipiddobbeltlag">lipiddobbeltlag</a>. Andre aggregeringer kan også observeres og danner en del af den amfifile (lipid)-opførsels polymorfisme. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lipid-polymorfisme&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lipid-polymorfisme (ikke skrevet endnu)">Faseopførsel</a> er et område, der studeres indenfor <a href="/wiki/Biofysik" title="Biofysik">biofysik</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-van_Meer_2008_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-van_Meer_2008-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Feigenson_2006_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Feigenson_2006-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Miceller og dobbeltlag dannes i det polære medie ved en proces kendte som den <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hydrofobiske_effekt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hydrofobiske effekt (ikke skrevet endnu)">hydrofobiske effekt</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Wiggins_1990_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wiggins_1990-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Når et lipofilt eller amfifilt stof opløses i et polært miljø bliver de polære molekyler (dvs. vand i en vandig opløsning) mere ordnet omkring det opløste kipofile stof, siden de polære molekyler ikke kan danne <a href="/wiki/Hydrogenbinding" title="Hydrogenbinding">hydrogenbindinger</a> til det amfifile stofs lipofile områder. Så i et vandigt miljø vil vandmolekylerne danne et ordnet <a href="/wiki/Klatrat" title="Klatrat">klatrat</a>-bur rundt omkring den opløste lipofile molekyle.<sup id="cite_ref-Raschke_2005_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Raschke_2005-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Omdannelsen af lipider til <a href="/w/index.php?title=Protocelle&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Protocelle (ikke skrevet endnu)">protocelle</a>-membraner er et vigtigt skridt i modeller for <a href="/wiki/Abiogenese" title="Abiogenese">abiogenese</a>, livets oprindelse.<sup id="cite_ref-Segré_2001_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Segré_2001-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Energilagring">Energilagring</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lipid&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Redigér afsnit: Energilagring" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigér</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lipid&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section's source code: Energilagring"><span>rediger kildetekst</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Triglycerider, opbevaret i fedtvæv, er en vigtig form for energilagring i både dyr og planter. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fedtcelle&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fedtcelle (ikke skrevet endnu)">Fedtcellerne</a> er designet til uafbrudt syntese og nedbrydning af triglycerider i dyr, med nedbrydningen centralt kontrolleret af aktiveringen af det hormon-sensitive enzym <a href="/wiki/Lipase" title="Lipase">lipase</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Brasaemle_2007_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brasaemle_2007-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Den fuldstændige oxidering af fedtsyrer leverer et højt kalorieindhold, omkring 9 <a href="/wiki/Kalorie" title="Kalorie">kcal/g</a>, sammenlignet med 4 kcal/g for nedbrydningen af <a href="/wiki/Kulhydrat" title="Kulhydrat">kulhydrater</a> og <a href="/wiki/Protein" title="Protein">proteiner</a>. Trækfugle, der skal flyve lange afstande uden føde, bruger lagret energi fra triglycerider som brændstof til deres flyvning.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Signalering">Signalering</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lipid&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Redigér afsnit: Signalering" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigér</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lipid&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section's source code: Signalering"><span>rediger kildetekst</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>I de seneste år er der fremkommet beviser der indikerer at <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lipidsignaling&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lipidsignaling (ikke skrevet endnu)">lipidsignaling</a> er en central del af <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cellesignaling&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cellesignaling (ikke skrevet endnu)">cellesignaling</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Wang_2004_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wang_2004-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Dinasarapu_2011_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dinasarapu_2011-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lipidsignalering kan ske via aktivering af <a href="/wiki/G-protein-koblede_receptorer" title="G-protein-koblede receptorer">G-protein-koblede</a> eller <a href="/wiki/Kernereceptor" title="Kernereceptor">kernereceptorer</a>, og medlemmer af flere forskellige lipidkategorier er blevet identificeret som signaleringsmolekyler og <a href="/w/index.php?title=Second_messenger&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Second messenger (ikke skrevet endnu)">cellulære budbringere</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Eyster_2007_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Eyster_2007-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Blandt disse er <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sphingosin-1-fosfat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sphingosin-1-fosfat (ikke skrevet endnu)">sphingosin-1-fosfat</a>, en ceramid-deriveret sphingolipid, der er en potent budbringermolekyle, der er involveret i regulering af calciummobilisering,<sup id="cite_ref-Hinkovska-Galcheva_2008_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hinkovska-Galcheva_2008-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> cellevækst og apoptose;<sup id="cite_ref-Saddoughi_2008_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Saddoughi_2008-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Diacylglycerol&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Diacylglycerol (ikke skrevet endnu)">diacylglycerol</a> (DAG) og <a href="/wiki/Fosfatidylinositol" title="Fosfatidylinositol">fosfatidylinositol</a>-fosfater (PIP) involveret i calcium-medieret aktivering af <a href="/w/index.php?title=Proteinkinase_C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Proteinkinase C (ikke skrevet endnu)">proteinkinase C</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-Klein_2008_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Klein_2008-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Prostaglandin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Prostaglandin (ikke skrevet endnu)">prostaglandiner</a>, som er en type fedtsyrer deriveret fra eicosanoid involveret ved <a href="/wiki/Bet%C3%A6ndelse" title="Betændelse">betændelse</a> og <a href="/w/index.php?title=Immunitet_(biologi)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Immunitet (biologi) (ikke skrevet endnu)">immunitet</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-Boyce_2008_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Boyce_2008-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> steroidehormoner såsom <a href="/wiki/%C3%98strogen" title="Østrogen">østrogen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Testosteron" title="Testosteron">testosteron</a> og <a href="/wiki/Kortisol" class="mw-redirect" title="Kortisol">kortisol</a>, som modulerer en række funktioner, såsom reproduktion, metabolisme og blodtryk; og <a href="/w/index.php?title=Oxysterol&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oxysterol (ikke skrevet endnu)">oxysteroler</a> såsom 25-hydroxy-kolesterol som er <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lever-X-receptor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lever-X-receptor (ikke skrevet endnu)">lever-X-receptor</a> <a href="/wiki/Agonist_(farmakologi)" title="Agonist (farmakologi)">agonister</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Bełtowski_2008_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bełtowski_2008-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Fosfatidylserinlipider vides at være involveret ved signalering til fagocytose af apoptotiske celler og/eller cellestykker. De gør dette ved at blive eksponeret for cellemembranens ekstracellulære front efter inaktiveringen af flippaser, som placerer dem eksklusivt på den cytosoliske side og aktiveringen af scramblaser, som "scrambler" fosfolipidernes orientering. Efter dette kan andre celler genkende fosfatidylserinerne og fagocytoserer cellerne eller cellefragmenterne.<sup id="cite_ref-Biermann_2013_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Biermann_2013-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Yderligere_læsning"><span id="Yderligere_l.C3.A6sning"></span>Yderligere læsning</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lipid&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Redigér afsnit: Yderligere læsning" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigér</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lipid&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section's source code: Yderligere læsning"><span>rediger kildetekst</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://videnskab.dk/krop-sundhed/smor-margarine-eller-planteolier-fedt-er-en-kompliceret-sag">Smør, margarine eller planteolier? Fedt er en kompliceret sag. Videnskab.dk</a></li> <li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r11752076">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#3a3;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite id="Bhagavan" class="citation book cs1">Bhagavan NV (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/?id=vT9YttFTPi0C&printsec=frontcover"><i>Medical Biochemistry</i></a>. San Diego: Harcourt/Academic Press. <a href="/wiki/Internationalt_Standardbognummer" title="Internationalt Standardbognummer">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Speciel:ISBN-s%C3%B8gning/978-0-12-095440-7" title="Speciel:ISBN-søgning/978-0-12-095440-7"><bdi>978-0-12-095440-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Medical+Biochemistry&rft.place=San+Diego&rft.pub=Harcourt%2FAcademic+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-12-095440-7&rft.au=Bhagavan+NV&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3DvT9YttFTPi0C%26printsec%3Dfrontcover&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fda.wikipedia.org%3ALipid" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r11752076"><cite id="Devlin" class="citation book cs1">Devlin TM (1997). <i>Textbook of Biochemistry: With Clinical Correlations</i> (4th udgave). Chichester: John Wiley & Sons. <a href="/wiki/Internationalt_Standardbognummer" title="Internationalt Standardbognummer">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Speciel:ISBN-s%C3%B8gning/978-0-471-17053-2" title="Speciel:ISBN-søgning/978-0-471-17053-2"><bdi>978-0-471-17053-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Textbook+of+Biochemistry%3A+With+Clinical+Correlations&rft.place=Chichester&rft.edition=4th&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-0-471-17053-2&rft.au=Devlin+TM&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fda.wikipedia.org%3ALipid" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r11752076"><cite id="Stryer" class="citation book cs1">Stryer L, Berg JM, Tymoczko JL (2007). <i>Biochemistry</i> (6th udgave). San Francisco: W.H. Freeman. <a href="/wiki/Internationalt_Standardbognummer" title="Internationalt Standardbognummer">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Speciel:ISBN-s%C3%B8gning/978-0-7167-8724-2" title="Speciel:ISBN-søgning/978-0-7167-8724-2"><bdi>978-0-7167-8724-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Biochemistry&rft.place=San+Francisco&rft.edition=6th&rft.pub=W.H.+Freeman&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-7167-8724-2&rft.au=Stryer+L%2C+Berg+JM%2C+Tymoczko+JL&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fda.wikipedia.org%3ALipid" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Skabelon:Cite_book" title="Skabelon:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1-vedligeholdelse: Flere navne: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1-vedligeholdelse:_Flere_navne:_authors_list" title="Kategori:CS1-vedligeholdelse: Flere navne: authors list">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r11752076"><cite id="Holde" class="citation book cs1">van Holde KE, Mathews CK (1996). <i>Biochemistry</i> (2nd udgave). Menlo Park, California: Benjamin/Cummings Pub. Co. <a href="/wiki/Internationalt_Standardbognummer" title="Internationalt Standardbognummer">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Speciel:ISBN-s%C3%B8gning/978-0-8053-3931-4" title="Speciel:ISBN-søgning/978-0-8053-3931-4"><bdi>978-0-8053-3931-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Biochemistry&rft.place=Menlo+Park%2C+California&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Benjamin%2FCummings+Pub.+Co&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-0-8053-3931-4&rft.au=van+Holde+KE%2C+Mathews+CK&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fda.wikipedia.org%3ALipid" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Fodnoter">Fodnoter</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lipid&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Redigér afsnit: Fodnoter" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigér</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lipid&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section's source code: Fodnoter"><span>rediger kildetekst</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r11780210">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Maitland_1998-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Maitland_1998_1-0">^</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r11752076"><cite id="CITEREFMaitland,_Jr_Jones1998" class="citation book cs1">Maitland, Jr Jones (1998). <i>Organic Chemistry</i>. W W Norton & Co Inc (Np). s. 139. <a href="/wiki/Internationalt_Standardbognummer" title="Internationalt Standardbognummer">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Speciel:ISBN-s%C3%B8gning/978-0-393-97378-5" title="Speciel:ISBN-søgning/978-0-393-97378-5"><bdi>978-0-393-97378-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Organic+Chemistry&rft.pages=139&rft.pub=W+W+Norton+%26+Co+Inc+%28Np%29&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-0-393-97378-5&rft.au=Maitland%2C+Jr+Jones&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fda.wikipedia.org%3ALipid" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Stryer">Stryer <i>et al.</i></a>, p. 328.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Stryer330-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Stryer330_3-0"><sup>a</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Stryer330_3-1"><sup>b</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Stryer330_3-2"><sup>c</sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Stryer">Stryer <i>et al.</i></a>, p. 330.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Fahy_2009-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Fahy_2009_4-0"><sup>a</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fahy_2009_4-1"><sup>b</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fahy_2009_4-2"><sup>c</sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r11752076"><cite id="CITEREFFahySubramaniamMurphyNishijima2009" class="citation journal cs1">Fahy E, Subramaniam S, Murphy RC, Nishijima M, Raetz CR, Shimizu T, Spener F, van Meer G, Wakelam MJ, Dennis EA (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2674711">"Update of the LIPID MAPS comprehensive classification system for lipids"</a>. <i>Journal of Lipid Research</i>. <b>50</b> (S1): S9-14. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1194%2Fjlr.R800095-JLR200">10.1194/jlr.R800095-JLR200</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0022-2275">0022-2275</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Central" title="PubMed Central">PMC</a> <span class="cs1-lock-free" title="Frit tilgængelig"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2674711">2674711</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19098281">19098281</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Lipid+Research&rft.atitle=Update+of+the+LIPID+MAPS+comprehensive+classification+system+for+lipids&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=S1&rft.pages=S9-14&rft.date=2009&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2674711%23id-name%3DPMC&rft.issn=0022-2275&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F19098281&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1194%2Fjlr.R800095-JLR200&rft.aulast=Fahy&rft.aufirst=E&rft.au=Subramaniam%2C+S&rft.au=Murphy%2C+RC&rft.au=Nishijima%2C+M&rft.au=Raetz%2C+CR&rft.au=Shimizu%2C+T&rft.au=Spener%2C+F&rft.au=van+Meer%2C+G&rft.au=Wakelam%2C+MJ&rft.au=Dennis%2C+EA&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2674711&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fda.wikipedia.org%3ALipid" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Subramaniam_2011-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Subramaniam_2011_5-0">^</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r11752076"><cite id="CITEREFSubramaniamFahyGuptaSud2011" class="citation journal cs1">Subramaniam S, Fahy E, Gupta S, Sud M, Byrnes RW, Cotter D, Dinasarapu AR, Maurya MR (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3383319">"Bioinformatics and systems biology of the lipidome"</a>. <i>Chemical Reviews</i>. <b>111</b> (10): 6452-6490. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1021%2Fcr200295k">10.1021/cr200295k</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Central" title="PubMed Central">PMC</a> <span class="cs1-lock-free" title="Frit tilgængelig"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3383319">3383319</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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