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<ul id="toc-Republic:_(1950–present)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Basic_structure" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Basic_structure"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Basic structure</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Basic_structure-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legislature" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legislature"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Legislature</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legislature-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Executive" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Executive"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Executive</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Executive-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Executive subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Executive-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-President" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#President"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>President</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-President-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vice_president" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vice_president"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Vice president</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vice_president-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Prime_minister" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Prime_minister"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Prime minister</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Prime_minister-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cabinet,_ministries_and_agencies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cabinet,_ministries_and_agencies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Cabinet, ministries and agencies</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cabinet,_ministries_and_agencies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Secretaries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Secretaries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4.1</span> <span>Secretaries</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Secretaries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Civil_services" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Civil_services"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5</span> <span>Civil services</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Civil_services-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Cabinet_secretary" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cabinet_secretary"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5.1</span> <span>Cabinet secretary</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cabinet_secretary-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Judiciary" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Judiciary"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Judiciary</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Judiciary-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Judiciary subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Judiciary-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Supreme_Court" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Supreme_Court"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Supreme Court</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Supreme_Court-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Elections_and_voting" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Elections_and_voting"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Elections and voting</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Elections_and_voting-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-State_and_local_governments" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#State_and_local_governments"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>State and local governments</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-State_and_local_governments-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Finance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Finance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Finance</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Finance-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Finance subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Finance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Taxation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Taxation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Taxation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Taxation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Union_budget" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Union_budget"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Union budget</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Union_budget-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Issues" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Issues"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Issues</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Issues-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Issues subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Issues-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Corruption" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Corruption"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>Corruption</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Corruption-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Government of India</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 44 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-44" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">44 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D9%83%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%87%D9%86%D8%AF" title="حكومة الهند – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="حكومة الهند" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%A4_%E0%A6%9A%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A7%B0" title="ভাৰত চৰকাৰ – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="ভাৰত চৰকাৰ" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gobiernu_de_la_India" title="Gobiernu de la India – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Gobiernu de la India" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindistan%C4%B1n_d%C3%B6vl%C9%99t_qurulu%C5%9Fu" title="Hindistanın dövlət quruluşu – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Hindistanın dövlət quruluşu" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A4_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0" title="ভারত সরকার – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ভারত সরকার" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A4_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0" title="भारत सरकार – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="भारत सरकार" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%8A%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Държавно устройство на Индия – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Държавно устройство на Индия" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Govern_de_l%27%C3%8Dndia" title="Govern de l'Índia – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Govern de l'Índia" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Politisches_System_Indiens" title="Politisches System Indiens – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Politisches System Indiens" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%87%DE%A8%DE%82%DE%B0%DE%91%DE%A8%DE%94%DE%A7%DE%8E%DE%AC_%DE%90%DE%A6%DE%83%DE%AA%DE%86%DE%A7%DE%83%DE%AA" title="އިންޑިޔާގެ ސަރުކާރު – Divehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="އިންޑިޔާގެ ސަރުކާރު" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="Divehi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CF%85%CE%B2%CE%AD%CF%81%CE%BD%CE%B7%CF%83%CE%B7_%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82_%CE%99%CE%BD%CE%B4%CE%AF%CE%B1%CF%82" title="Κυβέρνηση της Ινδίας – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Κυβέρνηση της Ινδίας" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gobierno_de_la_India" title="Gobierno de la India – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Gobierno de la India" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Registaro_de_Barato" title="Registaro de Barato – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Registaro de Barato" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84%D8%AA_%D9%87%D9%86%D8%AF" title="دولت هند – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="دولت هند" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gouvernement_de_l%27Inde" title="Gouvernement de l'Inde – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Gouvernement de l'Inde" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%AD%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%B0%E0%AA%A4_%E0%AA%B8%E0%AA%B0%E0%AA%95%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%B0" title="ભારત સરકાર – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="ભારત સરકાર" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9D%B8%EB%8F%84_%EC%A0%95%EB%B6%80" title="인도 정부 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="인도 정부" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A4_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0" title="भारत सरकार – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="भारत सरकार" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pemerintah_India" title="Pemerintah India – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Pemerintah India" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%9E%D7%A9%D7%9C%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%95%D7%93%D7%95" title="ממשלת הודו – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ממשלת הודו" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AD%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%A4_%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B0" title="ಭಾರತ ಸರ್ಕಾರ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಭಾರತ ಸರ್ಕಾರ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A4_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0" title="भारत सरकार – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="भारत सरकार" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AD%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A4_%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BC" title="ഭാരത സർക്കാർ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഭാരത സർക്കാർ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A4_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0" title="भारत सरकार – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="भारत सरकार" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerajaan_India" title="Kerajaan India – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Kerajaan India" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A4_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0" title="भारत सरकार – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="भारत सरकार" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A4%E3%83%B3%E3%83%89%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C" title="インド政府 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="インド政府" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%AD%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%B0%E0%AC%A4_%E0%AC%B8%E0%AC%B0%E0%AC%95%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%B0" title="ଭାରତ ସରକାର – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ଭାରତ ସରକାର" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AD%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%A4_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0" title="ਭਾਰਤ ਸਰਕਾਰ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਭਾਰਤ ਸਰਕਾਰ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DA%BE%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA_%D8%B3%D8%B1%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="بھارت سرکار – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="بھارت سرکار" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ustr%C3%B3j_polityczny_Indii" title="Ustrój polityczny Indii – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Ustrój polityczny Indii" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Governo_da_%C3%8Dndia" title="Governo da Índia – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Governo da Índia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B8" title="Государственный строй Индии – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Государственный строй Индии" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%83" title="भारतसर्वकारः – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="भारतसर्वकारः" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%A7%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%9B_%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%A8" title="ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%89%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BA_%E0%B6%86%E0%B6%AB%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%A9%E0%B7%94%E0%B7%80" title="ඉන්දීය ආණ්ඩුව – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ඉන්දීය ආණ්ඩුව" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indiens_regering" title="Indiens regering – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Indiens regering" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF_%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81" title="இந்திய அரசு – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="இந்திய அரசு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AD%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A4_%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%AD%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%82" title="భారత ప్రభుత్వం – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="భారత ప్రభుత్వం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2" title="รัฐบาลอินเดีย – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="รัฐบาลอินเดีย" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindistan_h%C3%BCk%C3%BBmeti" title="Hindistan hükûmeti – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Hindistan hükûmeti" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4_%D0%86%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%96%D1%97" title="Державний лад Індії – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" 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class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Protection_policy#semi" title="This article is semi-protected."><img alt="Page semi-protected" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/20px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/30px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/40px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Legislative, executive and judiciary authority of India</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="border-top: 2px solid #ff671f; border-bottom: 2px solid #ff671f"><span class="fn org">Government of India</span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><a href="/wiki/ISO_15919" title="ISO 15919">ISO</a>: Bhāratīya Sarkāra</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div style="font-family: serif; font-size: 100%; font-weight: bold; text-transform: uppercase; line-height: 125%; color: black;"><a href="/wiki/Federal_government" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal government"><style 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width="140" height="223" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Emblem_of_India.svg/210px-Emblem_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Emblem_of_India.svg/280px-Emblem_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="585" data-file-height="933" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption"><a href="/wiki/State_Emblem_of_India" title="State Emblem of India">State Emblem of India</a> version used by the Government of India as of August 2024</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef">Overview</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Established</th><td class="infobox-data">26 January 1950<span class="noprint">; 74 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1950-01-26</span>)</span> (in its current form, see <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_India" title="Constitution of India">Constitution</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">State</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/India" title="India">Republic of India</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Leader</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_India" title="Prime Minister of India">Prime Minister</a> (<a href="/wiki/Narendra_Modi" title="Narendra Modi">Narendra Modi</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Appointed by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/President_of_India" title="President of India">President</a> (<a href="/wiki/Droupadi_Murmu" title="Droupadi Murmu">Droupadi Murmu</a>) on the <a href="/wiki/Advice_(constitutional_law)" title="Advice (constitutional law)">advice</a> of the prime minister</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Main organ</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Union_Council_of_Ministers" title="Union Council of Ministers">Council of Ministers</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Ministries</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_ministries_and_departments_of_the_Government_of_India" title="List of ministries and departments of the Government of India">54 ministries and 93 subordinate departments</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Responsible to</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_India" title="Parliament of India">Parliament of India</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Annual budget</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap"><span style="white-space: nowrap">₹</span>45.03 trillion</span> (equivalent to <span style="white-space: nowrap">₹</span>53 trillion or US$640 billion in 2023)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Secretariat_Building,_New_Delhi" title="Secretariat Building, New Delhi">Central Secretariat, New Delhi</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol 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.sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks vcard hlist" style="width:20em; border: 4px double #D4AF37;"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle"><b><span style="color:var(--color-base, #101112)">This article is part of a series on the</span></b></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="background: #FF671F; border: 1px double #8C959A;"><small><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_India" title="Politics of India"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Politics of India</span></a></small></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><figure class="mw-halign-center skin-invert-image" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Emblem_of_India.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Emblem_of_India.svg/80px-Emblem_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Emblem_of_India.svg/120px-Emblem_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Emblem_of_India.svg/160px-Emblem_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="585" data-file-height="933" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background:#0f8a46; color:#FFF; border: 1px double #8C959A;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_India" title="Constitution of India"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Constitution</span></a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amendment_of_the_Constitution_of_India" title="Amendment of the Constitution of India">Amendment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basic_structure_doctrine" title="Basic structure doctrine">Basic structure doctrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fundamental_Rights,_Directive_Principles_and_Fundamental_Duties_of_India" title="Fundamental Rights, Directive Principles and Fundamental Duties of India">Fundamental Rights, Directive Principles and<br /> Fundamental Duties of India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_India" title="Human rights in India">Human rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judicial_review_in_India" title="Judicial review in India">Judicial review</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxation_in_India" title="Taxation in India">Taxation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uniform_Civil_Code" title="Uniform Civil Code">Uniform Civil Code</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background:#0f8a46; color:#FFF; border: 1px double #8C959A;;color: var(--color-base)"><a class="mw-selflink selflink"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Government</span></a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/President_of_India" title="President of India">President of India</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Droupadi_Murmu" title="Droupadi Murmu">Droupadi Murmu</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Presidents_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Presidents of India">15th</a>)</li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_India" title="Vice President of India">Vice President of India</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jagdeep_Dhankhar" title="Jagdeep Dhankhar">Jagdeep Dhankhar</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Vice_Presidents_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Vice Presidents of India">14th</a>)</li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_India" title="Prime Minister of India">Prime Minister of India</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Narendra_Modi" title="Narendra Modi">Narendra Modi</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Prime_Ministers_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Prime Ministers of India">14th</a>)</li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_Secretary_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Cabinet Secretary of India">Cabinet secretary</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rajiv_Gauba" title="Rajiv Gauba">Rajiv Gauba</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Union_government_ministries_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Union government ministries of India">Ministries</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Union_Council_of_Ministers" title="Union Council of Ministers">Ministers</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_agencies_of_the_government_of_India" title="List of agencies of the government of India">Departments</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Secretary_to_the_Government_of_India" title="Secretary to the Government of India">Secretaries</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background:#0f8a46; color:#FFF; border: 1px double #8C959A;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_India" title="Parliament of India"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Parliament</span></a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:lightblue; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/Lok_Sabha" title="Lok Sabha">Lok Sabha</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_18th_Lok_Sabha" title="List of members of the 18th Lok Sabha">18th</a>)</div></dt></dl> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_Lok_Sabha" title="Speaker of the Lok Sabha">Speaker</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Om_Birla" title="Om Birla">Om Birla</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Deputy_Speaker_of_the_Lok_Sabha" title="Deputy Speaker of the Lok Sabha">Deputy Speaker</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Vacant</i></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_House_(Lok_Sabha)" class="mw-redirect" title="Leader of the House (Lok Sabha)">Leader of the House</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Narendra_Modi" title="Narendra Modi">Narendra Modi</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bharatiya_Janata_Party" title="Bharatiya Janata Party">BJP</a>)</li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Opposition_in_Lok_Sabha" title="Leader of the Opposition in Lok Sabha">Leader of the Opposition</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rahul_Gandhi" title="Rahul Gandhi">Rahul Gandhi</a> (<a href="/wiki/Indian_National_Congress" title="Indian National Congress">INC</a>)</li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Secretary_General_of_the_Lok_Sabha" title="Secretary General of the Lok Sabha">Secretary General</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li>Utpal Kumar Singh</li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:lightblue; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/Rajya_Sabha" title="Rajya Sabha">Rajya Sabha</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_current_members_of_the_Rajya_Sabha" title="List of current members of the Rajya Sabha">Members</a>)</div></dt></dl> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_India" title="Vice President of India">Chairman</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jagdeep_Dhankhar" title="Jagdeep Dhankhar">Jagdeep Dhankhar</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Deputy_Chairperson_of_the_Rajya_Sabha" class="mw-redirect" title="Deputy Chairperson of the Rajya Sabha">Deputy Speaker</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Harivansh_Narayan_Singh" title="Harivansh Narayan Singh">Harivansh Narayan Singh</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_House_(Rajya_Sabha)" class="mw-redirect" title="Leader of the House (Rajya Sabha)">Leader of the House</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jagat_Prakash_Nadda" class="mw-redirect" title="Jagat Prakash Nadda">Jagat Prakash Nadda</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bharatiya_Janata_Party" title="Bharatiya Janata Party">BJP</a>)</li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Opposition_in_Rajya_Sabha" title="Leader of the Opposition in Rajya Sabha">Leader of the Opposition</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mallikarjun_Kharge" title="Mallikarjun Kharge">Mallikarjun Kharge</a> (<a href="/wiki/Indian_National_Congress" title="Indian National Congress">INC</a>)</li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Secretary_General_of_the_Rajya_Sabha" title="Secretary General of the Rajya Sabha">Secretary General</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pramod_Chandra_Mody" title="Pramod Chandra Mody">Pramod Chandra Mody</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:lightblue; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Parliamentary_Affairs_(India)" title="Ministry of Parliamentary Affairs (India)">Ministry of Parliamentary Affairs</a></div></dt></dl> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Parliamentary_Affairs_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister of Parliamentary Affairs (India)">Cabinet Minister</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kiren_Rijiju" title="Kiren Rijiju">Kiren Rijiju</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_State_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister of State (India)">Minister of State</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arjun_Ram_Meghwal" title="Arjun Ram Meghwal">Arjun Ram Meghwal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L._Murugan" title="L. Murugan">L. Murugan</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background:#0f8a46; color:#FFF; border: 1px double #8C959A;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_India" title="Judiciary of India"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Law and Judiciary</span></a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:lightblue; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/Law_of_India" title="Law of India">Law of India</a></div></dt></dl> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Indian_criminal_law" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian criminal law">Indian criminal law</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bharatiya_Nyaya_Sanhita" title="Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita">Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bharatiya_Nagarik_Suraksha_Sanhita" title="Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita">Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bharatiya_Sakshya_Act,_2023" class="mw-redirect" title="Bharatiya Sakshya Act, 2023">Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Code_of_Civil_Procedure_(India)" title="Code of Civil Procedure (India)">Code of Civil Procedure</a></b></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:lightblue; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_India" title="Supreme Court of India">Supreme Court of India</a></div></dt></dl> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Chief_Justice_of_India" title="Chief Justice of India">Chief Justice</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Chief_Justices_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Chief Justices of India">50th</a>)</b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dhananjaya_Y._Chandrachud" title="Dhananjaya Y. Chandrachud">Dhananjaya Y. Chandrachud</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_sitting_judges_of_the_Supreme_Court_of_India" title="List of sitting judges of the Supreme Court of India">Judges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_Bar_Association_(India)" title="Supreme Court Bar Association (India)">Bar Association</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bar_Council_of_India" title="Bar Council of India">Bar Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/District_Courts_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="District Courts of India">District Court</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_district_courts_in_India" title="List of district courts in India">List</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gram_Nyayalayas_Act,_2008" title="Gram Nyayalayas Act, 2008">Gram Nyayalaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Courts_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="High Courts of India">High Court</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_Indian_chief_justices" title="List of current Indian chief justices">Chief Justices</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_sitting_judges_of_the_high_courts_of_India" title="List of sitting judges of the high courts of India">Judges</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lok_Adalat" title="Lok Adalat">Lok Adalat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nyaya_Panchayat" class="mw-redirect" title="Nyaya Panchayat">Nyaya Panchayat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pendency_of_court_cases_in_India" title="Pendency of court cases in India">Pendency of court cases</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tribunals_in_India" title="Tribunals in India">Other tribunals</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:lightblue; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Law_and_Justice_(India)" title="Ministry of Law and Justice (India)">Ministry of Law and Justice</a></div></dt></dl> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Law_and_Justice" title="Minister of Law and Justice">Minister</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arjun_Ram_Meghwal" title="Arjun Ram Meghwal">Arjun Ram Meghwal</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Attorney-General_for_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Attorney-General for India">Attorney-General</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/R._Venkataramani" title="R. Venkataramani">R. Venkataramani</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Solicitor_General_of_India" title="Solicitor General of India">Solicitor General</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tushar_Mehta" title="Tushar Mehta">Tushar Mehta</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Additional_Solicitor_General_of_India" title="Additional Solicitor General of India">Additional Solicitor General</a></b></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Law_Commission_of_India" title="Law Commission of India">Law Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Judicial_Appointments_Commission" title="National Judicial Appointments Commission">National Judicial Appointments Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Legal_Services_Authority" title="National Legal Services Authority">National Legal Services Authority</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background:#0f8a46; color:#FFF; border: 1px double #8C959A;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Politics_in_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Politics in India"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Elections and Politics</span></a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:lightblue; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/Election_Commission_of_India" title="Election Commission of India">Election Commission</a></div></dt></dl> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Chief_Election_Commissioner_of_India" title="Chief Election Commissioner of India">Chief Election Commissioner</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rajiv_Kumar_(civil_servant)" title="Rajiv Kumar (civil servant)">Rajiv Kumar</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Election_Commissioner_of_India" title="Election Commissioner of India">Election Commissioner</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gyanesh_Kumar" title="Gyanesh Kumar">Gyanesh Kumar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sukhbir_Singh_Sandhu" title="Sukhbir Singh Sandhu">Sukhbir Singh Sandhu</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/State_election_commission_(India)" title="State election commission (India)">State Election Commission</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:lightblue; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_India" title="Elections in India">Elections</a></div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Electoral_College_(India)" title="Electoral College (India)">Electoral College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electronic_voting_in_India" title="Electronic voting in India">Electronic voting</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_presidential_elections" title="List of Indian presidential elections">Presidential elections</a> </b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2022_Indian_presidential_election" title="2022 Indian presidential election">2022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Indian_presidential_election" title="2017 Indian presidential election">2017</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_Indian_presidential_election" title="2012 Indian presidential election">2012</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_vice_presidential_elections" title="List of Indian vice presidential elections">Vice Presidential elections</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2022_Indian_vice_presidential_election" title="2022 Indian vice presidential election">2022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Indian_vice_presidential_election" title="2017 Indian vice presidential election">2017</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_Indian_vice_presidential_election" title="2012 Indian vice presidential election">2012</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_general_elections" title="List of Indian general elections">Lok Sabha elections</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_constituencies_of_the_Lok_Sabha" title="List of constituencies of the Lok Sabha">Constituencies</a>)</b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2014_Indian_general_election" title="2014 Indian general election">2014</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Indian_general_election" title="2019 Indian general election">2019</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Indian_general_election" title="2024 Indian general election">2024</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_Rajya_Sabha_elections" title="List of Rajya Sabha elections">Rajya Sabha elections</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2024_Rajya_Sabha_elections" title="2024 Rajya Sabha elections">2024</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Rajya_Sabha_elections" title="2023 Rajya Sabha elections">2023</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Rajya_Sabha_elections" title="2022 Rajya Sabha elections">2022</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/State_Assembly_elections_in_India" class="mw-redirect" title="State Assembly elections in India">State Assembly elections</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2019_elections_in_India" title="2019 elections in India">2019</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_elections_in_India" title="2020 elections in India">2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_elections_in_India" title="2021 elections in India">2021</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_elections_in_India" title="2022 elections in India">2022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_elections_in_India" title="2023 elections in India">2023</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_elections_in_India" title="2024 elections in India"><i>2024</i></a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li>National coalitions <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Democratic_Alliance" title="National Democratic Alliance">NDA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_National_Developmental_Inclusive_Alliance" title="Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance">INDIA</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_India" title="List of political parties in India">Political parties</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_India#National_parties" title="List of political parties in India">National parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_India#State_parties" title="List of political parties in India">State parties</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background:#0f8a46; color:#FFF; border: 1px double #8C959A;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_India" title="Administrative divisions of India"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Administrative divisions</span></a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:lightblue; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/States_and_union_territories_of_India" title="States and union territories of India">States and union territories</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_state_and_union_territory_capitals_in_India" title="List of state and union territory capitals in India">Capitals</a>)</div></dt></dl> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/State_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="State (India)">States</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andhra_Pradesh" title="Andhra Pradesh">Andhra Pradesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arunachal_Pradesh" title="Arunachal Pradesh">Arunachal Pradesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assam" title="Assam">Assam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bihar" title="Bihar">Bihar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chhattisgarh" title="Chhattisgarh">Chhattisgarh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goa" title="Goa">Goa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gujarat" title="Gujarat">Gujarat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haryana" title="Haryana">Haryana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Himachal_Pradesh" title="Himachal Pradesh">Himachal Pradesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jharkhand" title="Jharkhand">Jharkhand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karnataka" title="Karnataka">Karnataka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerala" title="Kerala">Kerala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madhya_Pradesh" title="Madhya Pradesh">Madhya Pradesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maharashtra" title="Maharashtra">Maharashtra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manipur" title="Manipur">Manipur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meghalaya" title="Meghalaya">Meghalaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mizoram" title="Mizoram">Mizoram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nagaland" title="Nagaland">Nagaland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odisha" title="Odisha">Odisha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punjab,_India" title="Punjab, India">Punjab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajasthan" title="Rajasthan">Rajasthan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikkim" title="Sikkim">Sikkim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamil_Nadu" title="Tamil Nadu">Tamil Nadu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telangana" title="Telangana">Telangana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tripura" title="Tripura">Tripura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uttar_Pradesh" title="Uttar Pradesh">Uttar Pradesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uttarakhand" title="Uttarakhand">Uttarakhand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Bengal" title="West Bengal">West Bengal</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Union_territory_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="Union territory (India)">Union territories</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andaman_and_Nicobar_Islands" title="Andaman and Nicobar Islands">Andaman and Nicobar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chandigarh" title="Chandigarh">Chandigarh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dadra_and_Nagar_Haveli_and_Daman_and_Diu" title="Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu">Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delhi" title="Delhi">Delhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jammu_and_Kashmir_(union_territory)" title="Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)">Jammu and Kashmir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ladakh" title="Ladakh">Ladakh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lakshadweep" title="Lakshadweep">Lakshadweep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puducherry_(union_territory)" title="Puducherry (union territory)">Puducherry</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Proposed_states_and_union_territories_of_India" title="Proposed states and union territories of India">Proposed states and union territories</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_administrative_divisions_of_India" title="Autonomous administrative divisions of India">Autonomous Divisions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_divisions_in_India" title="List of divisions in India">Divisions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_districts_in_India" title="List of districts in India">Districts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_subdistricts_in_India" title="List of subdistricts in India">Sub-districts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Community_Development_Block" class="mw-redirect" title="Community Development Block">Community Development Block</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_metropolitan_areas_in_India" title="List of metropolitan areas in India">Metropolitan Areas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_million-plus_urban_agglomerations_in_India" title="List of million-plus urban agglomerations in India">Urban Agglomerations</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background:#0f8a46; color:#FFF; border: 1px double #8C959A;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Federalism_in_India" title="Federalism in India"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Federalism</span></a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:lightblue; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/State_governments_of_India" title="State governments of India">Executive</a></div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Governor_(India)" title="Governor (India)">Governor</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_Indian_governors" title="List of current Indian governors">List</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_Governor_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lieutenant Governor (India)">Lieutenant Governor/Administrator</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_Indian_lieutenant_governors_and_administrators" title="List of current Indian lieutenant governors and administrators">List</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_minister_(India)" title="Chief minister (India)">Chief Minister</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_Indian_chief_ministers" title="List of current Indian chief ministers">List</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_Indian_deputy_chief_ministers" title="List of current Indian deputy chief ministers">Deputy Chief Minister</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_Indian_deputy_chief_ministers" title="List of current Indian deputy chief ministers">List</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Current_Indian_ministries" title="Template:Current Indian ministries">Ministries</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:lightblue; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/State_legislature_(India)" title="State legislature (India)">Legislative</a></div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/State_legislative_councils_of_India" title="State legislative councils of India">Legislative Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_legislative_assemblies_of_India" title="State legislative assemblies of India">Legislative Assembly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_Indian_legislative_speakers_and_chairpersons" title="List of current Indian legislative speakers and chairpersons">Speaker</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_Indian_legislative_speakers_and_chairpersons" title="List of current Indian legislative speakers and chairpersons">List</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Official_Opposition_(India)" title="Official Opposition (India)">Official Opposition</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_Indian_opposition_leaders" title="List of current Indian opposition leaders">List</a></li></ul></li></ul> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:lightblue; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/Local_government_in_India" title="Local government in India">Local Government</a></div></dt></dl> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Municipal_governance_in_India" title="Municipal governance in India">Municipal Governance</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Municipal_Corporation_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Municipal Corporation of India">Municipal Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nagar_Palika_(Municipality)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nagar Palika (Municipality)">Municipality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Town_Panchayat" class="mw-redirect" title="Town Panchayat">Town Panchayat</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Panchayati_Raj" class="mw-redirect" title="Panchayati Raj">Panchayati Raj</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/District_Panchayat" class="mw-redirect" title="District Panchayat">District Panchayat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panchayat_Samiti_(Block)" class="mw-redirect" title="Panchayat Samiti (Block)">Block Panchayat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gram_Panchayat" class="mw-redirect" title="Gram Panchayat">Gram Panchayat</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background:#0f8a46; color:#FFF; border: 1px double #8C959A;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_India" title="Foreign relations of India"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Foreign Relations</span></a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"> <dl><dt><div style="font-size: 100%; background-color:lightblue; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_External_Affairs_(India)" title="Ministry of External Affairs (India)">Ministry of External Affairs</a></div></dt></dl> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_External_Affairs_(India)" title="Minister of External Affairs (India)">Cabinet Minister</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/S._Jaishankar" title="S. 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background-color:lightblue; border-top:0px dashed"><a href="/wiki/Foreign_policy_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Foreign policy of India">Foreign Policy</a></div></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Technical_and_Economic_Cooperation_Programme" title="Indian Technical and Economic Cooperation Programme">ITEC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Look_East_policy_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="Look East policy (India)">Look East policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-African_e-Network_project" title="Pan-African e-Network project">Pan-African e-Network project</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_policy_of_the_Indira_Gandhi_government" title="Foreign policy of the Indira Gandhi government">Indira Gandhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_policy_of_the_Narendra_Modi_government" title="Foreign policy of the Narendra Modi government">Narendra Modi</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below"> <span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/32px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/48px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/64px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:India" title="Portal:India">India portal</a> <div class="hlist" style="text-align:center;font-weight:normal;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_political_science#Politics_by_region" title="Outline of political science">Other countries</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Politics_of_India" title="Template:Politics of India"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Politics_of_India" title="Template talk:Politics of India"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Politics_of_India" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Politics of India"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Government of India</b> (<a href="/wiki/ISO_15919" title="ISO 15919">ISO</a>: Bhārata Sarakāra, legally the <b>Union Government</b> or <b>Union of India</b><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and colloquially known as the <b>Central Government</b>) is the <a href="/wiki/Government" title="Government">government</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic of India">Republic of India</a>, located in <a href="/wiki/South_Asia" title="South Asia">South Asia</a>, consisting of <a href="/wiki/States_and_union_territories_of_India" title="States and union territories of India">36 states and union territories</a>. The government is led by the <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_India" title="Prime Minister of India">prime minister</a> (currently <a href="/wiki/Narendra_Modi" title="Narendra Modi">Narendra Modi</a> since 26 May 2014) who exercises the most executive power and selects all the other <a href="/wiki/Union_Council_of_Ministers" title="Union Council of Ministers">ministers</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:6_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The country has been governed by a <a href="/wiki/National_Democratic_Alliance" title="National Democratic Alliance">NDA</a>-led government (a coalition of the <a href="/wiki/Bharatiya_Janata_Party" title="Bharatiya Janata Party">BJP</a> and its allies) since 2014.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_India" title="Prime Minister of India">prime minister</a> and their senior ministers belong to the <a href="/wiki/Union_Council_of_Ministers" title="Union Council of Ministers">Union Council of Ministers</a>—its executive decision-making committee being the <a href="/wiki/Cabinet_(government)" title="Cabinet (government)">cabinet</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:7_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The government, seated in <a href="/wiki/New_Delhi" title="New Delhi">New Delhi</a>, has three primary branches: the legislative, the executive and the judiciary, whose powers are vested in a <a href="/wiki/Bicameralism" title="Bicameralism">bicameral</a> <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_India" title="Parliament of India">Parliament</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_India" title="Prime Minister of India">prime minister</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-:6_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_India" title="Supreme Court of India">Supreme Court</a><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> respectively, with a <a href="/wiki/President_of_India" title="President of India">president</a> as head of state.<sup id="cite_ref-:7_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Union_Council_of_Ministers" title="Union Council of Ministers">Council of Ministers</a> are responsible to the <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_India" title="Parliament of India">House</a> in which they sit, they make statements in that <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_India" title="Parliament of India">House</a> and take questions from fellow members of that <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_India" title="Parliament of India">House.</a> For most senior ministers this is usually the directly elected <a href="/wiki/Lok_Sabha" title="Lok Sabha">Lok Sabha</a> rather than the (mostly) indirectly elected <a href="/wiki/Rajya_Sabha_TV" title="Rajya Sabha TV">Rajya Sabha</a>. As is the case in most parliamentary systems, the government is <a href="/wiki/Fusion_of_powers" title="Fusion of powers">dependent on Parliament</a> to legislate, and <a href="/wiki/Elections_in_India" title="Elections in India">general elections</a> are held every five years to elect a new <a href="/wiki/Lok_Sabha" title="Lok Sabha">Lok Sabha</a>. The most recent election was in <a href="/wiki/2024_Indian_general_election" title="2024 Indian general election">2024</a>. </p><p>After an election, the <a href="/wiki/President_of_India" title="President of India">president</a> selects as <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_India" title="Prime Minister of India">prime minister</a> the leader of the party or alliance most likely to command the confidence of the majority of the <a href="/wiki/Lok_Sabha" title="Lok Sabha">Lok Sabha</a>. In the event that the <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_India" title="Prime Minister of India">prime minister</a> is not a member of either <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_India" title="Parliament of India">House</a> upon appointment, he/she is given six months to be elected to either <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_India" title="Parliament of India">House of Parliament</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="British_colonial_rule:_(1857–1947)"><span id="British_colonial_rule:_.281857.E2.80.931947.29"></span>British colonial rule: (1857–1947)</h3></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/British_Raj" title="British Raj">British Raj</a></div> <p>The first seeds of responsible government during <a href="/wiki/British_Raj" title="British Raj">British colonial rule in India</a> were sown by the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Councils_Act_1909" title="Indian Councils Act 1909">Indian Councils Act 1909</a>, commonly known as the <a href="/wiki/John_Morley" title="John Morley">Morley</a>-<a href="/wiki/Gilbert_Elliot-Murray-Kynynmound,_4th_Earl_of_Minto" title="Gilbert Elliot-Murray-Kynynmound, 4th Earl of Minto">Minto</a> reforms. The Act introduced elections to the <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Legislative_Council" title="Imperial Legislative Council">Imperial Legislative Council</a> (then the unicameral Legislature for British India). Before that, governance was carried by an all-European <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Legislative_Council" title="Imperial Legislative Council">Legislative Council</a> and <a href="/wiki/Viceroy%27s_Executive_Council" title="Viceroy's Executive Council">Viceroy's Executive Council</a>. As such, no Indians were represented in government before 1909.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>India's current bicameral <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_India" title="Parliament of India">Parliament</a> has its roots in the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_India_Act_1919" title="Government of India Act 1919">Government of India Act 1919</a>, commonly known as the <a href="/wiki/Edwin_Montagu" title="Edwin Montagu">Montagu</a>-<a href="/wiki/Frederic_Thesiger,_1st_Viscount_Chelmsford" title="Frederic Thesiger, 1st Viscount Chelmsford">Chelmsford</a> reforms, which introduced a greatly expanded <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Legislative_Council" title="Imperial Legislative Council">Imperial Legislative Council</a>. It comprised a lower house, the <a href="/wiki/Central_Legislative_Assembly" title="Central Legislative Assembly">Central Legislative Assembly</a> of 145 members (of which 104 were elected and 41 nominated) and an upper house, the <a href="/wiki/Council_of_State_(India)" title="Council of State (India)">Council of State</a> of 60 members (of which 34 were elected and 26 nominated).<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Parliament_House,_British_India_(1926).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Parliament_House%2C_British_India_%281926%29.png/161px-Parliament_House%2C_British_India_%281926%29.png" decoding="async" width="161" height="91" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Parliament_House%2C_British_India_%281926%29.png/242px-Parliament_House%2C_British_India_%281926%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Parliament_House%2C_British_India_%281926%29.png/322px-Parliament_House%2C_British_India_%281926%29.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="720" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Old_Parliament_House,_New_Delhi" title="Old Parliament House, New Delhi">Council House</a> in <a href="/wiki/New_Delhi" title="New Delhi">New Delhi</a> as seen from above in 1926, seat of the former <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Legislative_Council" title="Imperial Legislative Council">Imperial Legislative Council</a>, home to the <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_India" title="Parliament of India">Parliament of India</a> until 2023</figcaption></figure> <p>The next structural modification to the governance of <a href="/wiki/British_Raj" title="British Raj">British India</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_India_Act_1935" title="Government of India Act 1935">Government of India Act 1935</a> (the longest <a href="/wiki/Act_of_Parliament_(United_Kingdom)" title="Act of Parliament (United Kingdom)">Act of Parliament of the United Kingdom</a> until surpassed by the <a href="/wiki/Greater_London_Authority_Act_1999" title="Greater London Authority Act 1999">Greater London Authority Act 1999</a>) was aimed at devolution of powers by establishing <a href="/wiki/Presidencies_and_provinces_of_British_India" title="Presidencies and provinces of British India">provincial governments</a> and the creation of <a href="/wiki/Union_Public_Service_Commission" title="Union Public Service Commission">civil service institutions</a>. However, it was unpopular amongst Indians and is considered a failure as it did not give Indians self-rule and permanent <a href="/wiki/Dominion" title="Dominion">dominion status</a> (the form of government followed in <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a>, <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a> and <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a>) as was previously promised.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dominion:_(1947–1950)"><span id="Dominion:_.281947.E2.80.931950.29"></span>Dominion: (1947–1950)</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Dominion_of_India" title="Dominion of India">Dominion of India</a></div> <p>Between midnight on <a href="/wiki/Independence_Day_(India)" title="Independence Day (India)">15 August 1947</a> and <a href="/wiki/Republic_Day_(India)" title="Republic Day (India)">26 January 1950</a>, India was an independent, self-governing <a href="/wiki/Dominion" title="Dominion">dominion</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Nations" title="Commonwealth of Nations">Commonwealth of Nations</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Constitutional_monarchy" title="Constitutional monarchy">constitutional monarchy</a> with a <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_India" title="Prime Minister of India">Prime Minister</a> and a <a href="/wiki/Governor-General_of_India" title="Governor-General of India">Governor-General</a> as the viceregal representative of the head of state, <a href="/wiki/George_VI" title="George VI">George VI</a>. Its unicameral legislature, the <a href="/wiki/Constituent_Assembly_of_India" title="Constituent Assembly of India">Constituent Assembly</a>, was tasked with drafting the country's constitution.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Republic:_(1950–present)"><span id="Republic:_.281950.E2.80.93present.29"></span>Republic: (1950–present)</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rajagopalachari_declares_India_as_a_Republic.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Rajagopalachari_declares_India_as_a_Republic.jpg/220px-Rajagopalachari_declares_India_as_a_Republic.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Rajagopalachari_declares_India_as_a_Republic.jpg/330px-Rajagopalachari_declares_India_as_a_Republic.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Rajagopalachari_declares_India_as_a_Republic.jpg/440px-Rajagopalachari_declares_India_as_a_Republic.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="529" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Chakravarti_Rajagopalachari" class="mw-redirect" title="Chakravarti Rajagopalachari">Chakravarti Rajagopalachari</a>, the ultimate <a href="/wiki/Governor-General_of_India" title="Governor-General of India">Governor-General of India</a> declaring India a <a href="/wiki/Republic" title="Republic">republic</a> at <a href="/wiki/Rashtrapati_Bhavan" title="Rashtrapati Bhavan">Government House</a>, <a href="/wiki/Republic_Day" title="Republic Day">26 January 1950</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_India" title="Constitution of India">Constitution of India</a> came into effect on <a href="/wiki/Republic_Day_(India)" title="Republic Day (India)">26 January 1950</a>, making India a <a href="/wiki/Republic" title="Republic">republic</a> with a <a href="/wiki/President_of_India" title="President of India">president</a> as head of state, replacing the monarch and his viceregal representative, the <a href="/wiki/Governor-General_of_India" title="Governor-General of India">Governor-General</a>. It was based in large part on the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_India_Act_1935" title="Government of India Act 1935">Government of India Act 1935</a>, which was itself based on the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Constitution of the United Kingdom">uncodified constitution of the United Kingdom</a>. It also drew notable inspirations from the constitutions of several other Commonwealth dominions and the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_France" title="Constitution of France">French</a>, <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Constitution of the Soviet Union">Soviet</a>, <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Japan" title="Constitution of Japan">Japanese</a>, <a href="/wiki/Weimar_Constitution" title="Weimar Constitution">German</a> and <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_the_United_States" title="Constitution of the United States">American</a> constitutions.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>India today prides itself in being the world's largest <a href="/wiki/Democracy" title="Democracy">democracy</a>, and the 4th largest economy in the world. Even though much remains to be done, especially in regard to eradicating <a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_India" title="Poverty in India">poverty</a> and securing effective structures of governance, India's achievements since independence in sustaining freedom and democracy have been singular among the world's new nations.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Basic_structure">Basic structure</h2></div> <p>The Government of India is modelled after the <a href="/wiki/Westminster_system" title="Westminster system">Westminster system</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Union government is mainly composed of the <a href="/wiki/Executive_(government)" title="Executive (government)">executive</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Legislature" title="Legislature">legislature</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Judiciary" title="Judiciary">judiciary</a>, and powers are vested by the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_India" title="Constitution of India">constitution</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_India" title="Prime Minister of India">prime minister</a>, <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_India" title="Parliament of India">parliament</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_India" title="Supreme Court of India">supreme court</a>, respectively. The <a href="/wiki/President_of_India" title="President of India">president of India</a> is the <a href="/wiki/Head_of_state" title="Head of state">head of state</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Commander-in-chief" title="Commander-in-chief">commander-in-chief</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Armed_Forces" title="Indian Armed Forces">Indian Armed Forces</a>, while the <a href="/wiki/Elections_in_India" title="Elections in India">elected</a> <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_India" title="Prime Minister of India">prime minister</a> acts as the head of the executive and is responsible for running the Union government.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Parliament is <a href="/wiki/Bicameral" class="mw-redirect" title="Bicameral">bicameral</a> in nature, with the <a href="/wiki/Lok_Sabha" title="Lok Sabha">Lok Sabha</a> being the <a href="/wiki/Lower_house" title="Lower house">lower house</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Rajya_Sabha" title="Rajya Sabha">Rajya Sabha</a> the <a href="/wiki/Upper_house" title="Upper house">upper house</a>. The judiciary systematically contains an apex <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_India" title="Supreme Court of India">supreme court</a>, 25 <a href="/wiki/High_Courts_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="High Courts of India">high courts</a>, and hundreds of <a href="/wiki/District_Courts_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="District Courts of India">district courts</a>, all subordinate to the supreme court.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The basic <a href="/wiki/Civil_law_(common_law)" title="Civil law (common law)">civil</a> and criminal laws governing the citizens of India are set down in major parliamentary legislation, such as the <a href="/wiki/Code_of_Civil_Procedure_(India)" title="Code of Civil Procedure (India)">civil procedure code</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Penal_Code" title="Indian Penal Code">penal code</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Code_of_Criminal_Procedure_(India)" title="Code of Criminal Procedure (India)">criminal procedure code</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Similar to the Union government, individual state governments each consist of executive, legislative and judiciary branches. The legal system as applicable to the Union and individual state governments is based on the <a href="/wiki/Common_Law" class="mw-redirect" title="Common Law">English common</a> and <a href="/wiki/Statutory_Law" class="mw-redirect" title="Statutory Law">Statutory Law</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The full name of the country is the <i>Republic of India</i>. India and Bharat are equally official short <a href="/wiki/Names_for_India" title="Names for India">names</a> for the Republic of India in the Constitution,<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and both names appears on legal banknotes, in treaties and in legal cases. The terms "Union government", "central government" and "<span title="ISO 15919 Indic (Hindi language) transliteration"><i lang="hi-Latn">bhārat sarkār</i></span>" are often used officially and unofficially to refer to the government of India.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2017)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The term <i>New Delhi</i> is commonly used as a <a href="/wiki/Metonym" class="mw-redirect" title="Metonym">metonym</a> for the Union government,<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as the seat of the central government is in <a href="/wiki/New_Delhi" title="New Delhi">New Delhi</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legislature">Legislature</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_India" title="Parliament of India">Parliament of India</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Glimpses_of_the_new_Parliament_Building,_in_New_Delhi_(2).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Glimpses_of_the_new_Parliament_Building%2C_in_New_Delhi_%282%29.jpg/220px-Glimpses_of_the_new_Parliament_Building%2C_in_New_Delhi_%282%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Glimpses_of_the_new_Parliament_Building%2C_in_New_Delhi_%282%29.jpg/330px-Glimpses_of_the_new_Parliament_Building%2C_in_New_Delhi_%282%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Glimpses_of_the_new_Parliament_Building%2C_in_New_Delhi_%282%29.jpg/440px-Glimpses_of_the_new_Parliament_Building%2C_in_New_Delhi_%282%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="960" /></a><figcaption>Parliament House, New Delhi</figcaption></figure> <p>The powers of the legislature in India are exercised by <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_India" title="Parliament of India">the Parliament</a>, a bicameral legislature consisting of the <a href="/wiki/Rajya_Sabha" title="Rajya Sabha">Rajya Sabha</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Lok_Sabha" title="Lok Sabha">Lok Sabha</a>. Of the two houses of parliament, the Rajya Sabha (or the 'Council of States') is considered to be the <a href="/wiki/Upper_house" title="Upper house">upper house</a> and consists of members appointed by the president and <a href="/wiki/Indirect_election" title="Indirect election">elected</a> by the <a href="/wiki/States_and_union_territories_of_India" title="States and union territories of India">state and territorial legislatures</a>. The Lok Sabha (or the 'House of the People') is considered the <a href="/wiki/Lower_house" title="Lower house">lower house</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The parliament does not have complete control and <a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_sovereignty" title="Parliamentary sovereignty">sovereignty</a>, as its laws are subject to <a href="/wiki/Judicial_review" title="Judicial review">judicial review</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_India" title="Supreme Court of India">Supreme Court</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, it does exercise some control over the <a href="/wiki/Executive_(government)" title="Executive (government)">executive</a>. The members of the <a href="/wiki/Union_Council_of_Ministers" title="Union Council of Ministers">Council of Ministers</a>, including <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_India" title="Prime Minister of India">the prime minister</a>, are either chosen from parliament or elected there within six months of assuming office.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The council as a whole is <a href="/wiki/Responsible_government" title="Responsible government">responsible</a> to the Lok Sabha.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Lok Sabha is a temporary house and can be dissolved only when the party in power loses the support of the majority of the house. The Rajya Sabha is a permanent house and can never be dissolved. The members of the Rajya Sabha are elected for a six-year term.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Executive">Executive</h2></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Executive_branch" class="mw-redirect" title="Executive branch">executive</a> of government is the one that has sole authority and responsibility for the daily administration of the state bureaucracy. The division of power into separate branches of government is central to the republican idea of the <a href="/wiki/Separation_of_powers" title="Separation of powers">separation of powers</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="President">President</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/President_of_India" title="President of India">President of India</a></div> <p>The executive power is vested mainly in the <a href="/wiki/President_of_India" title="President of India">President of India</a>, as per Article 53(1) of the constitution. The president has all <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_India" title="Constitution of India">constitutional</a> powers and exercises them directly or through subordinate officers as per the aforesaid Article 53(1). The president is to act following aid and advice tendered by the Prime Minister, who leads the Council of Ministers as described in <a href="/wiki/Article_74_(Constitution_of_India)" class="mw-redirect" title="Article 74 (Constitution of India)">Article 74 of the Constitution</a>. </p><p>The council of ministers remains in power during the 'pleasure' of the president. However, in practice, the council of ministers must retain the support of the Lok Sabha. If a president were to dismiss the council of ministers on his or her initiative, it might trigger a constitutional crisis. Thus, in practice, the Council of Ministers cannot be dismissed as long as it holds the support of a majority in the <a href="/wiki/Lok_Sabha" title="Lok Sabha">Lok Sabha</a>. </p><p>The President is responsible for appointing many high officials in India. These high officials include the <a href="/wiki/Governors_of_states_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Governors of states of India">governors</a> of the 28 <a href="/wiki/States_and_territories_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="States and territories of India">states</a>; the <a href="/wiki/Chief_Justice_of_India" title="Chief Justice of India">chief justice</a>; other judges of the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_India" title="Supreme Court of India">supreme court</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_high_courts_in_India" class="mw-redirect" title="List of high courts in India">high courts</a> on the advice of other judges; the <a href="/wiki/Attorney_General_of_India" title="Attorney General of India">attorney general</a>; the <a href="/wiki/Comptroller_and_Auditor_General_of_India" title="Comptroller and Auditor General of India">comptroller and auditor general</a>; the <a href="/wiki/Chief_Election_Commissioner_of_India" title="Chief Election Commissioner of India">chief election commissioner</a> and other <a href="/wiki/Election_Commissioner_of_India" title="Election Commissioner of India">election commissioners</a>; the chairman and members of the <a href="/wiki/Union_Public_Service_Commission" title="Union Public Service Commission">Union Public Service Commission</a>; the officers of the <a href="/wiki/All_India_Services" title="All India Services">All India Services</a> (<a href="/wiki/Indian_Administrative_Service" title="Indian Administrative Service">IAS</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indian_Forest_Service" title="Indian Forest Service">IFoS</a> and <a href="/wiki/Indian_Police_Service" title="Indian Police Service">IPS</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Central_Civil_Services" title="Central Civil Services">Central Civil Services</a> in group 'A'; officers of the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Armed_Forces" title="Indian Armed Forces">Indian Armed Forces</a>; and the <a href="/wiki/Ambassador" title="Ambassador">ambassadors</a> and <a href="/wiki/High_commissioner_(Commonwealth)" title="High commissioner (Commonwealth)">high commissioners</a> to other countries on the recommendations of the Council of Ministers, among others.<sup id="cite_ref-Darpan2007_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Darpan2007-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The President, as the <a href="/wiki/Head_of_state" title="Head of state">head of state</a>, also receives the credentials of <a href="/wiki/Ambassador" title="Ambassador">ambassadors</a> from other countries, while the <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_India" title="Prime Minister of India">prime minister</a>, as <a href="/wiki/Head_of_government" title="Head of government">head of government</a>, receives credentials of <a href="/wiki/High_commissioner_(Commonwealth)" title="High commissioner (Commonwealth)">high commissioners</a> from other <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Nations" title="Commonwealth of Nations">members of the Commonwealth</a>, in line with historical tradition. </p><p>The President is the <i><a href="/wiki/De_jure" title="De jure">de jure</a></i> <a href="/wiki/Commander-in-chief" title="Commander-in-chief">commander-in-chief</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Armed_Forces" title="Indian Armed Forces">Indian Armed Forces</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Oldenburg2010_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Oldenburg2010-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/President_of_India" title="President of India">President of India</a> can grant a pardon to or reduce the sentence of a convicted person once, particularly in cases involving the punishment of death. The decisions involving pardoning and other rights by the president are independent of the opinion of the prime minister or the Lok Sabha majority. In most other cases, however, the president exercises his or her executive powers on the advice of the prime minister.<sup id="cite_ref-Kumar_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kumar-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Presently, the President of India is <a href="/wiki/Droupadi_Murmu" title="Droupadi Murmu">Droupadi Murmu</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Vice_president">Vice president</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_India" title="Vice President of India">Vice President of India</a></div> <p>The vice president is the second-highest constitutional position in India after the president. The vice president represents the nation in the absence of the <a href="/wiki/President_of_India" title="President of India">president</a> and takes charge as acting president in the incident of resignation impeachment or removal of the president. The vice president also has the legislative function of acting as the chairman of the <a href="/wiki/Rajya_Sabha" title="Rajya Sabha">Rajya Sabha</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The vice president is elected indirectly by members of an electoral college consisting of the members of both the houses of the parliament following the system of <a href="/wiki/Proportional_representation" title="Proportional representation">proportional representation</a> employing the <a href="/wiki/Single_transferable_vote" title="Single transferable vote">single transferable vote</a> and the voting is by secret ballot conducted by the <a href="/wiki/Election_Commission_of_India" title="Election Commission of India">election commission</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Prime_minister">Prime minister</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_India" title="Prime Minister of India">Prime Minister of India</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:New_Delhi_government_block_03-2016_img5.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/New_Delhi_government_block_03-2016_img5.jpg/300px-New_Delhi_government_block_03-2016_img5.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/New_Delhi_government_block_03-2016_img5.jpg/450px-New_Delhi_government_block_03-2016_img5.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/New_Delhi_government_block_03-2016_img5.jpg/600px-New_Delhi_government_block_03-2016_img5.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5136" data-file-height="2568" /></a><figcaption>North and South Blocks of the <a href="/wiki/Secretariat_Building,_New_Delhi" title="Secretariat Building, New Delhi">Central Secretariat</a> housing various <a href="/wiki/List_of_ministries_and_departments_of_the_Government_of_India" title="List of ministries and departments of the Government of India">ministries of the Government of India</a>, with <a href="/wiki/Rashtrapati_Bhavan" title="Rashtrapati Bhavan">Rashtrapati Bhavan</a> visible in the distance</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_India" title="Prime Minister of India">Prime Minister of India</a>, as addressed in the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_India" title="Constitution of India">Constitution of India</a>, is the chief executive of the government and the leader of the majority party that holds a majority in the Lok Sabha. The prime minister leads the executive of the Government of India. </p><p>The prime minister is the senior member of the cabinet in the executive government in a parliamentary system. The prime minister selects and can dismiss other members of the cabinet; allocates posts to members within the Government; is the presiding member and chairman of the cabinet and is responsible for bringing a proposal of legislation. The resignation or death of the prime minister dissolves the cabinet. </p><p>The prime minister is appointed by the president to assist the latter in the administration of the affairs of the executive. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cabinet,_ministries_and_agencies"><span id="Cabinet.2C_ministries_and_agencies"></span>Cabinet, ministries and agencies</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Union_Council_of_Ministers" title="Union Council of Ministers">Union Council of Ministers</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_agencies_of_the_government_of_India" title="List of agencies of the government of India">List of agencies of the government of India</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Government_of_India_hierarchy.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Government_of_India_hierarchy.svg/253px-Government_of_India_hierarchy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="253" height="678" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Government_of_India_hierarchy.svg/380px-Government_of_India_hierarchy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Government_of_India_hierarchy.svg/507px-Government_of_India_hierarchy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="1369" /></a><figcaption>The organizational structure of a department of the Government of India.</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Union_Council_of_Ministers" title="Union Council of Ministers">Union Council of Ministers</a> includes the prime minister, <a href="/wiki/Union_Council_of_Ministers" title="Union Council of Ministers">Cabinet Ministers</a> and <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_State" title="Minister of State">Ministers of State</a> (MoS).<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Each minister must be a member of one of the houses of the parliament. The cabinet is headed by the <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_India" title="Prime Minister of India">prime minister</a>, and is advised by the <a href="/wiki/Cabinet_Secretary_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Cabinet Secretary of India">cabinet secretary</a>, who also acts as the head of the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Administrative_Service" title="Indian Administrative Service">Indian Administrative Service</a> and other civil services. Other members of the council are either union cabinet ministers, who are heads of various ministries; or ministers of state, who are junior members who report directly to one of the cabinet ministers, often overseeing a specific aspect of government; or ministers of state (independent charges), who do not report to a cabinet minister. As per article 88 of the constitution, every minister shall have the right to speak in, and to take part in the proceedings of, either house, any joint sitting of the houses, and any committee of parliament of which he may be named a member, but shall <i>not</i> be entitled to a vote in the house where he is not a member. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Secretaries">Secretaries</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Secretary_to_the_Government_of_India" title="Secretary to the Government of India">Secretary to the Government of India</a></div> <p>A <a href="/wiki/Secretary_to_the_Government_of_India" title="Secretary to the Government of India">secretary to the Government of India</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Civil_service" title="Civil service">civil servant</a>, generally an <a href="/wiki/Indian_Administrative_Service" title="Indian Administrative Service">Indian Administrative Service</a> (IAS) officer,<sup id="cite_ref-:1_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:2_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:3_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:4_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is the administrative head of the ministry or department, and is the principal adviser to the minister on all matters of policy and administration within the ministry/department.<sup id="cite_ref-Governance_India_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Governance_India-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-CSMOP_India2_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CSMOP_India2-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Secretaries to the Government of India rank 23rd on <a href="/wiki/Indian_order_of_precedence" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian order of precedence">Indian order of precedence</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-rajyasabha2_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rajyasabha2-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:5_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Maheshwari_2001_6662_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Maheshwari_2001_6662-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Secretaries at the higher level are assisted by one or many <a href="/wiki/Additional_secretary_to_Government_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Additional secretary to Government of India">additional secretaries</a>, who are further assisted by <a href="/wiki/Joint_secretary_to_Government_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Joint secretary to Government of India">joint secretaries</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-CSMOP_India2_37-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CSMOP_India2-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the middle they are assisted by directors/deputy secretaries and under secretaries.<sup id="cite_ref-CSMOP_India2_37-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CSMOP_India2-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the lower level, there are section officers, assistant section officers, upper division clerks, lower division clerks and other secretarial staff.<sup id="cite_ref-CSMOP_India2_37-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CSMOP_India2-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible"> <caption>Ministries and departments of the Government of India </caption> <tbody><tr> <th># </th> <th>Ministry </th> <th>Department(s) </th></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2">1 </th> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister%27s_Office_(India)" title="Prime Minister's Office (India)">Prime Minister's Office</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Atomic_Energy" title="Department of Atomic Energy">Department of Atomic Energy</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Space" title="Department of Space">Department of Space</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2">2 </th> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Agriculture_and_Farmers%27_Welfare" title="Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers' Welfare">Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Agriculture_and_Farmers_Welfare" title="Department of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare">Department of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Department of Agricultural Research and Education </td></tr> <tr> <th>3 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Ayush" title="Ministry of Ayush">Ministry of Ayush</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="3">4 </th> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Chemicals_and_Fertilizers" title="Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers">Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers</a> </td> <td>Department of Chemicals and Petrochemicals </td></tr> <tr> <td>Department of Fertilizers </td></tr> <tr> <td>Department of Pharmaceuticals </td></tr> <tr> <th>5 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Civil_Aviation_(India)" title="Ministry of Civil Aviation (India)">Ministry of Civil Aviation</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th>6 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Co-operation" title="Ministry of Co-operation">Ministry of Co-operation</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th>7 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Coal" title="Ministry of Coal">Ministry of Coal</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2">8 </th> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Commerce_and_Industry_(India)" title="Ministry of Commerce and Industry (India)">Ministry of Commerce and Industry</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Department_for_Promotion_of_Industry_and_Internal_Trade" title="Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade">Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Department of Commerce </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2">9 </th> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Communications_(India)" title="Ministry of Communications (India)">Ministry of Communications</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/India_Post" title="India Post">Department of Posts</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Telecommunications" title="Department of Telecommunications">Department of Telecommunications</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2">10 </th> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Consumer_Affairs,_Food_and_Public_Distribution" title="Ministry of Consumer Affairs, Food and Public Distribution">Ministry of Consumer Affairs, Food and Public Distribution</a> </td> <td>Department of Consumer Affairs </td></tr> <tr> <td>Department of Food and Public Distribution </td></tr> <tr> <th>11 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Corporate_Affairs" title="Ministry of Corporate Affairs">Ministry of Corporate Affairs</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th>12 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Culture_(India)" title="Ministry of Culture (India)">Ministry of Culture</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="5">13 </th> <td rowspan="5"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Defence_(India)" title="Ministry of Defence (India)">Ministry of Defence</a> </td> <td>Department of Defence </td></tr> <tr> <td>Department of Defence Production </td></tr> <tr> <td>Department of Defence Research and Development </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Ex-servicemen_Welfare" title="Department of Ex-servicemen Welfare">Department of Ex-servicemen Welfare</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Military_Affairs" title="Department of Military Affairs">Department of Military Affairs</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>14 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Development_of_North_Eastern_Region" title="Ministry of Development of North Eastern Region">Ministry of Development of North Eastern Region</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th>15 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Earth_Sciences" title="Ministry of Earth Sciences">Ministry of Earth Sciences</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2">16 </th> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Education_(India)" title="Ministry of Education (India)">Ministry of Education</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Higher_Education_(India)" title="Department of Higher Education (India)">Department of Higher Education</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Department of School Education and Literacy </td></tr> <tr> <th>17 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Electronics_and_Information_Technology" title="Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology">Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th>18 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Environment,_Forest_and_Climate_Change" title="Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change">Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th>19 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_External_Affairs_(India)" title="Ministry of External Affairs (India)">Ministry of External Affairs</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="6">20 </th> <td rowspan="6"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Finance_(India)" title="Ministry of Finance (India)">Ministry of Finance</a> </td> <td>Department of Economic Affairs </td></tr> <tr> <td>Department of Expenditure </td></tr> <tr> <td>Department of Financial Services </td></tr> <tr> <td>Department of Investment and Public Asset Management </td></tr> <tr> <td>Department of Public Enterprises </td></tr> <tr> <td>Department of Revenue </td></tr> <tr> <th>21 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Fisheries,_Animal_Husbandry_and_Dairying" title="Ministry of Fisheries, Animal Husbandry and Dairying">Ministry of Fisheries, Animal Husbandry and Dairying</a> </td> <td>Department of Animal Husbandry, Dairying & Fisheries </td></tr> <tr> <th>22 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Food_Processing_Industries" title="Ministry of Food Processing Industries">Ministry of Food Processing Industries</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="3">23 </th> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Health_and_Family_Welfare" title="Ministry of Health and Family Welfare">Ministry of Health and Family Welfare</a> </td> <td>Department of Family Welfare </td></tr> <tr> <td>Department of Health </td></tr> <tr> <td>Department of Health Research </td></tr> <tr> <th>24 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Heavy_Industries" title="Ministry of Heavy Industries">Ministry of Heavy Industries</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="6">25 </th> <td rowspan="6"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Home_Affairs_(India)" title="Ministry of Home Affairs (India)">Ministry of Home Affairs</a> </td> <td>Department of Border Management </td></tr> <tr> <td>Department of Home </td></tr> <tr> <td>Department of Internal Security </td></tr> <tr> <td>Department of Jammu, Kashmir and Ladakh Affairs </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Official_Language" title="Department of Official Language">Department of Official Language</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Department of States </td></tr> <tr> <th>26 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Housing_and_Urban_Affairs" title="Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs">Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Central_Public_Works_Department" title="Central Public Works Department">Central Public Works Department</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>27 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Information_and_Broadcasting_(India)" title="Ministry of Information and Broadcasting (India)">Ministry of Information and Broadcasting</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th>28 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Jal_Shakti" title="Ministry of Jal Shakti">Ministry of Jal Shakti</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th>29 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Labour_and_Employment_(India)" title="Ministry of Labour and Employment (India)">Ministry of Labour and Employment</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="3">30 </th> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Law_and_Justice_(India)" title="Ministry of Law and Justice (India)">Ministry of Law and Justice</a> </td> <td>Department of Legal Affairs </td></tr> <tr> <td>Department of Justice </td></tr> <tr> <td>Legislative Department </td></tr> <tr> <th>31 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Micro,_Small_and_Medium_Enterprises" title="Ministry of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises">Ministry of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th>32 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Mines_(India)" title="Ministry of Mines (India)">Ministry of Mines</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th>33 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Minority_Affairs" title="Ministry of Minority Affairs">Ministry of Minority Affairs</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th>34 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_New_and_Renewable_Energy" title="Ministry of New and Renewable Energy">Ministry of New and Renewable Energy</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th>35 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Panchayati_Raj" title="Ministry of Panchayati Raj">Ministry of Panchayati Raj</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th>36 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Parliamentary_Affairs_(India)" title="Ministry of Parliamentary Affairs (India)">Ministry of Parliamentary Affairs</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="3">37 </th> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Personnel,_Public_Grievances_and_Pensions" title="Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions">Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions</a> </td> <td>Department of Administrative Reforms & Public Grievances </td></tr> <tr> <td>Department of Pension and Pensioners' Welfare </td></tr> <tr> <td>Department of Personnel and Training </td></tr> <tr> <th>38 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Petroleum_and_Natural_Gas" title="Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas">Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th>39 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Planning_(India)" title="Ministry of Planning (India)">Ministry of Planning</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th>40 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Ports,_Shipping_and_Waterways" title="Ministry of Ports, Shipping and Waterways">Ministry of Ports, Shipping and Waterways</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th>41 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Power_(India)" title="Ministry of Power (India)">Ministry of Power</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th>42 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Railways_(India)" title="Ministry of Railways (India)">Ministry of Railways</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th>43 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Road_Transport_and_Highways" title="Ministry of Road Transport and Highways">Ministry of Road Transport and Highways</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2">44 </th> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Rural_Development_(India)" title="Ministry of Rural Development (India)">Ministry of Rural Development</a> </td> <td>Department of Land Resources </td></tr> <tr> <td>Department of Rural Development </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="3">45 </th> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Science_and_Technology_(India)" title="Ministry of Science and Technology (India)">Ministry of Science and Technology</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Biotechnology" title="Department of Biotechnology">Department of Biotechnology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Department of Scientific and Industrial Research </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Science_and_Technology_(India)" title="Department of Science and Technology (India)">Department of Science and Technology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>46 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Skill_Development_and_Entrepreneurship" title="Ministry of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship">Ministry of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2">47 </th> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Social_Justice_and_Empowerment" title="Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment">Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment</a> </td> <td>Department of Empowerment of Persons with Disabilities </td></tr> <tr> <td>Department of Social Justice and Empowerment </td></tr> <tr> <th>48 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Statistics_and_Programme_Implementation" title="Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation">Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th>49 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Steel" title="Ministry of Steel">Ministry of Steel</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th>50 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Textiles" title="Ministry of Textiles">Ministry of Textiles</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th>51 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Tourism_(India)" title="Ministry of Tourism (India)">Ministry of Tourism</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th>52 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Tribal_Affairs" title="Ministry of Tribal Affairs">Ministry of Tribal Affairs</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th>53 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Women_and_Child_Development" title="Ministry of Women and Child Development">Ministry of Women and Child Development</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2">54 </th> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Youth_Affairs_and_Sports" title="Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports">Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports</a> </td> <td>Department of Youth Affairs </td></tr> <tr> <td>Department of Sports </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Civil_services">Civil services</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Civil_Services_of_India" title="Civil Services of India">Civil Services of India</a></div> <p>The Civil Services of India are the civil services and the permanent <a href="/wiki/Bureaucracy" title="Bureaucracy">bureaucracy</a> of India. The <a href="/wiki/Executive_(government)" title="Executive (government)">executive</a> decisions are implemented by the Indian civil servants. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Union_Home_Secretary,_Shri_Rajiv_Gauba_in_a_group_photograph_with_the_IPS_Officer_Trainees_of_2016_batch,_in_New_Delhi.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/The_Union_Home_Secretary%2C_Shri_Rajiv_Gauba_in_a_group_photograph_with_the_IPS_Officer_Trainees_of_2016_batch%2C_in_New_Delhi.jpg/220px-The_Union_Home_Secretary%2C_Shri_Rajiv_Gauba_in_a_group_photograph_with_the_IPS_Officer_Trainees_of_2016_batch%2C_in_New_Delhi.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="111" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/The_Union_Home_Secretary%2C_Shri_Rajiv_Gauba_in_a_group_photograph_with_the_IPS_Officer_Trainees_of_2016_batch%2C_in_New_Delhi.jpg/330px-The_Union_Home_Secretary%2C_Shri_Rajiv_Gauba_in_a_group_photograph_with_the_IPS_Officer_Trainees_of_2016_batch%2C_in_New_Delhi.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/The_Union_Home_Secretary%2C_Shri_Rajiv_Gauba_in_a_group_photograph_with_the_IPS_Officer_Trainees_of_2016_batch%2C_in_New_Delhi.jpg/440px-The_Union_Home_Secretary%2C_Shri_Rajiv_Gauba_in_a_group_photograph_with_the_IPS_Officer_Trainees_of_2016_batch%2C_in_New_Delhi.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2200" data-file-height="1106" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_Secretary_(India)" title="Cabinet Secretary (India)">Cabinet Secretary</a> <a href="/wiki/Rajiv_Gauba" title="Rajiv Gauba">Rajiv Gauba</a>, an <a href="/wiki/Indian_Administrative_Service" title="Indian Administrative Service">Indian Administrative Service</a> officer meets with trainee officers of the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Police_Service" title="Indian Police Service">Indian Police Service</a>; both arms of the <a href="/wiki/All_India_Services" title="All India Services">All India Services</a></figcaption></figure> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_system" title="Parliamentary system">parliamentary democracy</a> of India, the ultimate responsibility for running the administration rests with the elected representatives of the people which are the ministers. These ministers are accountable to the legislatures which are also elected by the people based on <a href="/wiki/Universal_suffrage" title="Universal suffrage">universal adult suffrage</a>. The ministers are indirectly responsible to the people themselves. But the handful of ministers is not expected to deal personally with the various problems of modern administration. Thus the ministers lay down the policy and it is for the civil servants to enforce it. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Cabinet_secretary">Cabinet secretary</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Cabinet_Secretary_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Cabinet Secretary of India">Cabinet Secretary of India</a></div> <p>The cabinet secretary (<a href="/wiki/International_Alphabet_of_Sanskrit_Transliteration" title="International Alphabet of Sanskrit Transliteration">IAST</a>: <span title="International Alphabet of Sanskrit transliteration"><i lang="sa-Latn">Maṃtrimaṇḍala Saciva</i></span>) is the top-most executive official and <a href="/wiki/Civil_Services_of_India" title="Civil Services of India">senior-most civil servant</a> of the Government of India. The cabinet secretary is the <i><a href="/wiki/Ex-officio" class="mw-redirect" title="Ex-officio">ex-officio</a></i> head of the Civil Services Board, the <a href="/wiki/Cabinet_Secretariat_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Cabinet Secretariat of India">Cabinet Secretariat</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Administrative_Service" title="Indian Administrative Service">Indian Administrative Service</a> (IAS) and the head of all civil services under the rules of business of the government. </p><p>The cabinet secretary is generally the senior-most officer of the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Administrative_Service" title="Indian Administrative Service">Indian Administrative Service</a>. The cabinet secretary ranks 11th on the <a href="/wiki/Indian_order_of_precedence" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian order of precedence">Indian order of precedence</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-rajyasabha2_38-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rajyasabha2-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_39-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:5_40-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Maheshwari_2001_6662_41-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Maheshwari_2001_6662-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The cabinet secretary is under the direct charge of the <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_India" title="Prime Minister of India">prime minister</a>. Presently, the <a href="/wiki/Cabinet_Secretary_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Cabinet Secretary of India">Cabinet Secretary of India</a> is <a href="/wiki/Rajiv_Gauba" title="Rajiv Gauba">Rajiv Gauba</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indian_Administrative_Service" title="Indian Administrative Service">IAS</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Judiciary">Judiciary</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_India" title="Judiciary of India">Judiciary of India</a></div> <p>India's independent union judicial system began under the British, and its concepts and procedures resemble those of <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Saxon_countries" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglo-Saxon countries">Anglo-Saxon countries</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_India" title="Supreme Court of India">Supreme Court of India</a> consists of the <a href="/wiki/Chief_Justice_of_India" title="Chief Justice of India">chief justice</a> and 33 associate justices, all appointed by the president on the advice of the <a href="/wiki/Chief_Justice_of_India" title="Chief Justice of India">Chief Justice of India</a>. The jury trials were abolished in India in the early 1960s, after the famous case <i><a href="/wiki/KM_Nanavati_v_State_of_Maharashtra" class="mw-redirect" title="KM Nanavati v State of Maharashtra">KM Nanavati v. the State of Maharashtra</a></i>, for reasons of being vulnerable to media and public pressure, as well as to being misled. </p><p>Unlike its United States counterpart, the Indian justice system consists of a unitary system at both state and union levels. The judiciary consists of the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_India" title="Supreme Court of India">Supreme Court of India</a>, <a href="/wiki/High_Courts_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="High Courts of India">high courts</a> at the state level, and <a href="/wiki/District_Courts_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="District Courts of India">district courts</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sessions_Court" title="Sessions Court">Sessions Courts</a> at the <a href="/wiki/List_of_districts_in_India" title="List of districts in India">district</a> level. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Supreme_Court">Supreme Court</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_India" title="Supreme Court of India">Supreme Court of India</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Supreme_Court_of_India_-_200705.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Complex of the Supreme Court of India in New Delhi" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Supreme_Court_of_India_-_200705.jpg/220px-Supreme_Court_of_India_-_200705.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Supreme_Court_of_India_-_200705.jpg/330px-Supreme_Court_of_India_-_200705.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Supreme_Court_of_India_-_200705.jpg/440px-Supreme_Court_of_India_-_200705.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>Complex of the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_India" title="Supreme Court of India">Supreme Court of India</a> in <a href="/wiki/New_Delhi" title="New Delhi">New Delhi</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_India" title="Supreme Court of India">Supreme Court of India</a> is situated in <a href="/wiki/New_Delhi" title="New Delhi">New Delhi</a>, the capital region of <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>. </p><p>The Supreme Court is the highest judicial forum and final court of appeal under the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_India" title="Constitution of India">Constitution of India</a>, the highest constitutional court, with the power of <a href="/wiki/Constitutional_review" title="Constitutional review">constitutional review</a>. Consisting of the <a href="/wiki/Chief_Justice_of_India" title="Chief Justice of India">Chief Justice of India</a> and 33 sanctioned other judges, it has extensive powers in the form of <a href="/wiki/Original_jurisdiction" title="Original jurisdiction">original</a>, <a href="/wiki/Appellate_jurisdiction" class="mw-redirect" title="Appellate jurisdiction">appellate</a> and <a href="/wiki/Advisory_jurisdictions" class="mw-redirect" title="Advisory jurisdictions">advisory jurisdictions</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As the <a href="/wiki/Appellate_court" title="Appellate court">final court of appeal</a> of the country, it takes up appeals primarily against verdicts of the <a href="/wiki/List_of_high_courts_in_India" class="mw-redirect" title="List of high courts in India">high courts</a> of various states of the Union and other courts and tribunals. It safeguards <a href="/wiki/Fundamental_rights" title="Fundamental rights">fundamental rights</a> of citizens and settles disputes between various governments in the country. As an advisory court, it hears matters which may specifically be referred to it under the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_India" title="Constitution of India">constitution</a> by the president. It also may take cognisance of matters on its own (or 'suo moto'), without anyone drawing its attention to them. The law declared by the supreme court becomes binding on all courts within India and also by the union and state governments.<sup id="cite_ref-History_PDF_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-History_PDF-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Per <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Constitution_of_India/Part_V" class="extiw" title="s:Constitution of India/Part V">Article 142</a>, it is the duty of the <a href="/wiki/President_of_India" title="President of India">president</a> to enforce the decrees of the supreme court. </p><p>In addition, Article 32 of the constitution gives an extensive original jurisdiction to the supreme court concerning enforcing fundamental rights. It is empowered to issue directions, orders or writs, including <a href="/wiki/Writ" title="Writ">writs</a> in the nature of <i><a href="/wiki/Habeas_corpus" title="Habeas corpus">habeas corpus</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Mandamus" title="Mandamus">mandamus</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Prohibition" title="Prohibition">prohibition</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Quo_warranto" title="Quo warranto">quo warranto</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Certiorari" title="Certiorari">certiorari</a></i> to enforce them. The supreme court has been conferred with power to direct the transfer of any civil or criminal case from one state high court to another state high court, or from a Court subordinate to another state high court and the supreme court. Although the proceedings in the supreme court arise out of the judgment or orders made by the subordinate courts, of late<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="The time period mentioned near this tag is ambiguous. (April 2023)">when?</span></a></i>]</sup> the supreme court has started entertaining matters in which the interest of the public at large is involved. This may be done by any individual or group of persons either by filing a <i><a href="/wiki/Writ" title="Writ">writ</a> petition</i> at the filing counter of the court or by addressing a letter to the <a href="/wiki/Chief_Justice_of_India" title="Chief Justice of India">Chief Justice of India</a>, highlighting the question of public importance for redress. These are known as <a href="/wiki/Public_interest_litigation_in_India" title="Public interest litigation in India">public interest litigations</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Elections_and_voting">Elections and voting</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Elections_in_India" title="Elections in India">Elections in India</a> and <a href="/wiki/Politics_of_India" title="Politics of India">Politics of India</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Election_Commission_of_India" title="Election Commission of India">Election Commission of India</a></div> <p>India has a <a href="/wiki/Federalism" title="Federalism">quasi-federal</a> form of government, called "union" or "central" government,<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with elected officials at the union, state and local levels. At the national level, the <a href="/wiki/Head_of_government" title="Head of government">head of government</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_India" title="Prime Minister of India">prime minister</a>, is appointed by the <a href="/wiki/President_of_India" title="President of India">president of India</a> from the party or coalition that has the majority of seats in the <a href="/wiki/Lok_Sabha" title="Lok Sabha">Lok Sabha</a>. The members of the Lok Sabha are directly elected for a term of five years by <a href="/wiki/Universal_suffrage" title="Universal suffrage">universal adult suffrage</a> through a <a href="/wiki/First-past-the-post" class="mw-redirect" title="First-past-the-post">first-past-the-post</a> voting system. Members of the <a href="/wiki/Rajya_Sabha" title="Rajya Sabha">Rajya Sabha</a>, which represents the <a href="/wiki/States_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="States of India">states</a>, are elected by the members of State legislative assemblies by <a href="/wiki/Proportional_representation" title="Proportional representation">proportional representation</a>, except for 12 members who are nominated by the president. </p><p>India is currently the largest democracy in the world, with around 900 million eligible voters, as of 2019.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="State_and_local_governments">State and local governments</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/State_governments_of_India" title="State governments of India">State governments of India</a>, <a href="/wiki/Local_government#India" title="Local government">Local government § India</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Union_territory" title="Union territory">Union territory</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Government_of_India" title="Special:EditPage/Government of India">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">March 2021</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>In India, power is divided between the governments of the union and the <a href="/wiki/States_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="States of India">states of India</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the latter being ruled by the <a href="/wiki/Chief_Minister_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="Chief Minister (India)">chiefs ministers</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The state legislature is <a href="/wiki/Bicameral" class="mw-redirect" title="Bicameral">bicameral</a> in <a href="/wiki/List_of_states_of_India_by_type_of_legislature" class="mw-redirect" title="List of states of India by type of legislature">five states</a> and <a href="/wiki/Unicameral" class="mw-redirect" title="Unicameral">unicameral</a> in the rest.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The lower house is elected with a five-year term, while in the upper house one-third of the members in the house gets elected every two years with six-year terms. </p><p>Local governments function at the basic level. It is the third level of government apart from union and state governments. It consists of <a href="/wiki/Local_self-government_in_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Local self-government in India">panchayats</a> in rural areas and <a href="/wiki/Municipal_governance_in_India" title="Municipal governance in India">municipalities</a> in urban areas. They are elected directly or indirectly by the people. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Finance">Finance</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Reserve_Bank_of_India" title="Reserve Bank of India">Reserve Bank of India</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Taxation">Taxation</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Taxation_in_India" title="Taxation in India">Taxation in India</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:RBI-Tower.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/RBI-Tower.jpg/220px-RBI-Tower.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="297" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/RBI-Tower.jpg/330px-RBI-Tower.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/RBI-Tower.jpg/440px-RBI-Tower.jpg 2x" data-file-width="506" data-file-height="683" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Reserve_Bank_of_India" title="Reserve Bank of India">Reserve Bank of India</a>'s headquarters in Mumbai, India's financial capital</figcaption></figure> <p>India has a three-tier tax structure, wherein the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_India" title="Constitution of India">constitution</a> empowers the union government to levy <a href="/wiki/Income_tax" title="Income tax">income tax</a>, tax on capital transactions (<a href="/wiki/Wealth_tax" title="Wealth tax">wealth tax</a>, <a href="/wiki/Inheritance_tax" title="Inheritance tax">inheritance tax</a>), <a href="/wiki/Sales_tax" title="Sales tax">sales tax</a>, service tax, customs and <a href="/wiki/Excise" title="Excise">excise</a> duties and the <a href="/wiki/States_and_territories_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="States and territories of India">state governments</a> to levy sales tax on intrastate sale of goods, taxon <a href="/wiki/Entertainment_tax" title="Entertainment tax">entertainment</a> and <a href="/wiki/Profession" title="Profession">professions</a>, excise duties on manufacture of <a href="/wiki/Alcoholic_beverage" title="Alcoholic beverage">alcohol</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stamp_duty" title="Stamp duty">stamp duties</a> on transfer of property and collect land revenue (levy on land owned). The <a href="/wiki/Local_governments" class="mw-redirect" title="Local governments">local governments</a> are empowered by the state government to levy <a href="/wiki/Property_tax" title="Property tax">property tax</a> and charge users for <a href="/wiki/Public_utilities" class="mw-redirect" title="Public utilities">public utilities</a> like <a href="/wiki/Water_supply" title="Water supply">water supply</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sewage" title="Sewage">sewage</a> etc.<sup id="cite_ref-angela_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-angela-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> More than half of the revenues of the union and state governments come from taxes, of which 3/4 come from <a href="/wiki/Direct_taxes" class="mw-redirect" title="Direct taxes">direct taxes</a>. More than a quarter of the union government's tax revenues are shared with the state governments.<sup id="cite_ref-sharing_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sharing-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The tax reforms, initiated in 1991, have sought to rationalise the tax structure and increase compliance by taking steps in the following directions: </p> <ul><li>Reducing the rates of individual and corporate income taxes, excises, and customs and making it more progressive</li> <li>Reducing exemptions and concessions</li> <li>Simplification of laws and procedures</li> <li>Introduction of <a href="/wiki/Permanent_account_number" title="Permanent account number">permanent account number</a> (PAN) to track monetary transactions</li> <li>21 of the 29 states introduced <a href="/wiki/Value_added_tax" class="mw-redirect" title="Value added tax">value added tax</a> (VAT) on 1 April 2005 to replace the complex and multiple sales tax system<sup id="cite_ref-angela_50-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-angela-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-VAT_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-VAT-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>The non-tax revenues of the central government come from <a href="/wiki/Finance" title="Finance">fiscal</a> services, interest receipts, public sector dividends, etc., while the non-tax revenues of the States are grants from the central government, interest receipts, dividends and income from general, economic and social services.<sup id="cite_ref-Datt-3_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Datt-3-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Inter-state share in the union tax pool is decided by the recommendations of the <a href="/wiki/Finance_Commission" title="Finance Commission">Finance Commission</a> to the president. </p><p>Total tax receipts of Centre and State amount to approximately 18% of national GDP. This compares to a figure of 37–45% in the OECD. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Union_budget">Union budget</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Union_budget_of_India" title="Union budget of India">Union budget of India</a></div> <p>The Finance minister of India usually presents the annual <a href="/wiki/Union_budget_of_India" title="Union budget of India">union budget</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_India" title="Parliament of India">parliament</a> on the last <a href="/wiki/Working_day" class="mw-redirect" title="Working day">working day</a> of February. However, for the F.Y. 2017–18, this tradition had been changed. Now the budget will be presented on the 1st day of February. The budget has to be passed by the <a href="/wiki/Lok_Sabha" title="Lok Sabha">Lok Sabha</a> before it can come into effect on 1 April, the start of India's <a href="/wiki/Fiscal_year" title="Fiscal year">fiscal year</a>. The Union budget is preceded by an <a href="/wiki/Economic_survey_of_India" title="Economic survey of India">economic survey</a> which outlines the broad direction of the budget and the economic performance of the country for the outgoing financial year<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>India's non-development revenue expenditure had increased nearly five-fold in 2003–04 since 1990–91 and more than tenfold from 1985 to 1986. Interest payments are the single largest item of expenditure and accounted for more than 40% of the total non-development expenditure in the 2003–04 budget. Defence expenditure increased fourfold during the same period and has been increasing to defend from a difficult neighbourhood and external terror threats. In 2020–21, India's defence budget stood at <span class="nowrap"><span style="white-space: nowrap">₹</span>4.71 trillion</span> (equivalent to <span style="white-space: nowrap">₹</span>5.5 trillion or US$66 billion in 2023). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Issues">Issues</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Corruption">Corruption</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Corruption_in_India" title="Corruption in India">Corruption in India</a></div> <p>In 2009, several ministers are accused of corruption and nearly a quarter of the 543 elected members of parliament had been charged with crimes, including murder.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many of the biggest scandals since 2010 have involved high-level government officials, including cabinet ministers and chief ministers, such as the <a href="/wiki/Concerns_and_controversies_over_the_2010_Commonwealth_Games" class="mw-redirect" title="Concerns and controversies over the 2010 Commonwealth Games">2010 Commonwealth Games scam</a> (<span class="nowrap"><span style="white-space: nowrap">₹</span>700 billion</span> (equivalent to <span style="white-space: nowrap">₹</span>1.6 trillion or US$19 billion in 2023)), the <a href="/wiki/Adarsh_Housing_Society_scam" class="mw-redirect" title="Adarsh Housing Society scam">Adarsh Housing Society scam</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Coal_Mining_Scam" class="mw-redirect" title="Coal Mining Scam">Coal Mining Scam</a> (<span class="nowrap"><span style="white-space: nowrap">₹</span>1.86 trillion</span> (equivalent to <span style="white-space: nowrap">₹</span>4.2 trillion or US$50 billion in 2023)), the <a href="/wiki/Mining_scams_in_India#Illegal_iron_ore_mining_in_Karnataka" title="Mining scams in India">mining scandal in Karnataka</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Cash-for-votes_scandal" title="Cash-for-votes scandal">cash-for-votes scandal</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/32px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/48px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/64px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:India" title="Portal:India">India portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_India" title="Foreign relations of India">Foreign relations of India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_agencies_of_the_government_of_India" title="List of agencies of the government of India">List of agencies of the government of India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India.gov.in" title="India.gov.in">National Portal of India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MyGov.in" title="MyGov.in">National Social-media Portal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_government_ministries_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Union government ministries of India">Union government ministries of India</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 July</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Constitution+of+India+%C2%BB+300.+Suits+and+proceedings.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fconstitutionofindia.etal.in%2Farticle_300%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGovernment+of+India" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:6-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:6_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSharma1950" class="citation book cs1">Sharma, Ram (1 January 1950). <i>Cabinet Government in India</i>. <a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_Affairs" title="Parliamentary Affairs">Parliamentary Affairs</a>. pp. 116–126.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cabinet+Government+in+India&rft.pages=116-126&rft.pub=Parliamentary+Affairs&rft.date=1950-01-01&rft.aulast=Sharma&rft.aufirst=Ram&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGovernment+of+India" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFD'Souza2024" class="citation web cs1">D'Souza, Shanthie Mariet (10 July 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Narendra-Modi">"Narendra Modi | Biography & Facts"</a>. <i>www.britannica.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 July</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=One+India&rft.atitle=Why+Raisina+Hills%2C+is+so+important+for+Indian+Politicians%3F&rft.date=2012-06-14&rft.aulast=Das&rft.aufirst=Nairita&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oneindia.com%2F2012%2F06%2F14%2Fwhy-raisina-hill-so-important-for-indian-politicians-1018252.html%3Fstory%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGovernment+of+India" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFArnullFox2016" class="citation book cs1">Arnull, Elaine; Fox, Darrell (29 June 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?isbn=1137433973"><i>Cultural Perspectives on Youth Justice: Connecting Theory, Policy and International Practise</i></a>. Springer. p. 186. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-137-43397-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-137-43397-8"><bdi>978-1-137-43397-8</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Tata McGraw-Hill Education. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-07-107466-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-07-107466-7"><bdi>978-0-07-107466-7</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210611230658/https://books.google.com/books?id=DY1CAQAAQBAJ&q=parliament+control+executive&pg=SA5-PA9">Archived</a> from the original on 11 June 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Springer. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-137-43397-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-137-43397-8"><bdi>978-1-137-43397-8</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210611230607/https://books.google.com/books?id=Rn2QDAAAQBAJ&q=The+Executive+Branch+of+government+of+India+is+the+one+that+has+sole+authority+and+responsibility+for+the+daily+administration+of+the+state+bureaucracy.+The+division+of+power+into+separate+branches+of+government+is+central+to+the+republican+idea+of+the+separation+of+powers.+President&pg=PA186">Archived</a> from the original on 11 June 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Taylor & Francis. p. 71. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-78018-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-78018-6"><bdi>978-0-415-78018-6</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160107002040/https://books.google.com/books?id=V6nras7L790C&pg=PA71">Archived</a> from the original on 7 January 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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The IAS will get to decide"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Hindustan_Times" title="Hindustan Times">Hindustan Times</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170813055556/http://www.hindustantimes.com/india/parity-between-ias-and-non-ias-the-ias-will-get-to-decide/story-9RijZjXY4DeaPlvo8m25mJ.html">Archived</a> from the original on 13 August 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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C. (1980). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1600996">"Local Government and Development in India"</a>. <i>International Political Science Review</i>. <b>1</b> (2): 265–279. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F019251218000100210">10.1177/019251218000100210</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1600996">1600996</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:145673733">145673733</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Political+Science+Review&rft.atitle=Local+Government+and+Development+in+India&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=265-279&rft.date=1980&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A145673733%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F1600996%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F019251218000100210&rft.aulast=Prasad&rft.aufirst=R.+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F1600996&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGovernment+of+India" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFde_Miñón1975" class="citation journal cs1">de Miñón, Miguel Herrero (1975). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/839106">"The Passing of Bicameralism"</a>. <i>The American Journal of Comparative Law</i>. <b>23</b> (2): 236–254. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F839106">10.2307/839106</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/839106">839106</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+American+Journal+of+Comparative+Law&rft.atitle=The+Passing+of+Bicameralism&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=236-254&rft.date=1975&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F839106&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F839106%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=de+Mi%C3%B1%C3%B3n&rft.aufirst=Miguel+Herrero&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F839106&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGovernment+of+India" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-angela-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-angela_50-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-angela_50-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBernardi,_LuigiFraschini,_Angela2005" class="citation journal cs1">Bernardi, Luigi; Fraschini, Angela (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ideas.repec.org/p/uca/ucapdv/45.html">"Tax System And Tax Reforms in India"</a>. <i>Polis Working Papers</i>. Working paper n. 51. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170629132746/https://ideas.repec.org/p/uca/ucapdv/45.html">Archived</a> from the original on 29 June 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 November</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Polis+Working+Papers&rft.atitle=Tax+System+And+Tax+Reforms+in+India&rft.date=2005&rft.au=Bernardi%2C+Luigi&rft.au=Fraschini%2C+Angela&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fideas.repec.org%2Fp%2Fuca%2Fucapdv%2F45.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGovernment+of+India" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sharing-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-sharing_51-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Tax revenue was 88% of total union government revenue in 1950–51 and has come down to 73% in 2003–04, as a result of the increase in non-tax revenue. Tax revenues were 70% of total state government revenues from 2002 to 2003. Indirect taxes were 84% of the union government's total tax revenue and have come down to 62% in 2003–04, mostly because of cuts in import duties and rationalisation. The state's share in the union government's tax revenue is 28.0% for the period 2000 to 2005 as per the recommendations of the eleventh finance commission. In addition, states that do not levy sales tax on sugar, textiles and tobacco, are entitled to 1.5% of the proceeds.<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDatt,_RuddarSundharam,_K.P.M.2005" class="citation book cs1">Datt, Ruddar; Sundharam, K.P.M. (2005). <i>Indian Economy</i>. S.Chand. pp. 938, 942, 946. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/81-219-0298-3" title="Special:BookSources/81-219-0298-3"><bdi>81-219-0298-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Indian+Economy&rft.pages=938%2C+942%2C+946&rft.pub=S.Chand&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=81-219-0298-3&rft.au=Datt%2C+Ruddar&rft.au=Sundharam%2C+K.P.M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGovernment+of+India" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-VAT-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-VAT_52-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090116065316/http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=story_25-3-2005_pg5_13">"Indif_real_GDP_per_capitaa says 21 of 29 states to launch new tax"</a>. <i>Daily Times</i>. 25 March 2005. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=story_25-3-2005_pg5_13">the original</a> on 16 January 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Daily+Times&rft.atitle=Indif_real_GDP_per_capitaa+says+21+of+29+states+to+launch+new+tax&rft.date=2005-03-25&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dailytimes.com.pk%2Fdefault.asp%3Fpage%3Dstory_25-3-2005_pg5_13&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGovernment+of+India" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Datt-3-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Datt-3_53-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDatt,_RuddarSundharam,_K._P._M." class="citation book cs1">Datt, Ruddar; Sundharam, K. P. M. "55". <i>Indian Economy</i>. pp. 943–945.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=55&rft.btitle=Indian+Economy&rft.pages=943-945&rft.au=Datt%2C+Ruddar&rft.au=Sundharam%2C+K.+P.+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGovernment+of+India" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ibef.org/economy/union-budget-2017-18">"Union Budget 2017–18"</a>. <i>ibef.org</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170325104858/https://www.ibef.org/economy/union-budget-2017-18">Archived</a> from the original on 25 March 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 July</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ibef.org&rft.atitle=Union+Budget+2017%E2%80%9318&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ibef.org%2Feconomy%2Funion-budget-2017-18&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGovernment+of+India" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2009/05/13/AR2009051303758.html">When the Little Ones Run the Show (quote from the New Delhi based Association for Democratic Reform)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181215123223/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2009/05/13/AR2009051303758.html">Archived</a> 15 December 2018 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i>. Retrieved 14 May 2009.</span> </li> </ol></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2></div> <ul><li>Subrata K. Mitra and V. B. Singh (1999). <i>Democracy and Social Change in India: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of the National Electorate</i>. New Delhi: Sage Publications. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/81-7036-809-X" title="Special:BookSources/81-7036-809-X">81-7036-809-X</a> (India HB), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7619-9344-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-7619-9344-4">0-7619-9344-4</a> (US HB).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output 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title="Political integration of India">Integration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India_and_the_Non-Aligned_Movement" title="India and the Non-Aligned Movement">Non-Aligned Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Five-Year_Plans_of_India" title="Five-Year Plans of India">Five-Year Plans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sino-Indian_War" title="Sino-Indian War">Sino-Indian War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Pakistani_wars_and_conflicts" title="Indo-Pakistani wars and conflicts">Indo-Pakistani wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Revolution_in_India" title="Green Revolution in India">Green Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Flood" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Flood">White Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naxalite" class="mw-redirect" title="Naxalite">Naxal Insurgency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smiling_Buddha" title="Smiling Buddha">Smiling Buddha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Space_Research_Organisation" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian Space Research Organisation">Space programme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Emergency_(India)" title="The Emergency (India)">The Emergency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Peace_Keeping_Force" title="Indian Peace Keeping Force">Indian Peace Keeping Force (IPKF)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Contemporary</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_India_(1947%E2%80%93present)" title="History of India (1947–present)">History of India (1947–present)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_liberalisation_in_India" title="Economic liberalisation in India">Economic liberalisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pokhran-II" title="Pokhran-II">Pokhran-II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_India" title="COVID-19 pandemic in India">COVID-19 pandemic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Geography" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_India" title="Geography of India">Geography</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Geology_of_India" title="Category:Geology of India">Geology</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fossil_Parks_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Fossil Parks of India">Fossil Parks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geology_of_India" title="Geology of India">Geology of India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Plate" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian Plate">Indian Plate</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Heritage</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Geological_Monuments_of_India" title="National Geological Monuments of India">National Geological Monuments of India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacred_groves_of_India" title="Sacred groves of India">Sacred groves of India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacred_mountains#India" title="Sacred mountains">Sacred mountains of India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River#Sacred" title="River">Sacred rivers of India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stones_of_India" title="Stones of India">Stones of India</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Environment_of_India" title="Environment of India">Environment</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biogeographic_classification_of_India" title="Biogeographic classification of India">Biogeographic classification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biosphere_reserves_of_India" title="Biosphere reserves of India">Biosphere reserves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_India" title="Climate of India">Climate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_India" title="Climate change in India">Climate change</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_earthquakes_in_India" title="List of earthquakes in India">Earthquakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ecoregions_in_India" title="List of ecoregions in India">Ecoregions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_issues_in_India" title="Environmental issues in India">Environmental issues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_India" title="Fauna of India">Fauna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_forests_in_India" title="List of forests in India">Forests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flora_of_India" title="Flora of India">Flora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geology_of_India" title="Geology of India">Geology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_national_parks_of_India" title="List of national parks of India">National parks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protected_areas_of_India" title="Protected areas of India">Protected areas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wildlife_of_India" title="Wildlife of India">Wildlife</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_wildlife_sanctuaries_of_India" title="List of wildlife sanctuaries of India">sanctuaries</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Landforms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_beaches_in_India" title="List of beaches in India">Beaches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_canals_in_India" title="List of canals in India">Canals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coastal_India" title="Coastal India">Coasts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thar_Desert" title="Thar Desert">Desert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exclusive_economic_zone_of_India" title="Exclusive economic zone of India">ECZ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_extreme_points_of_India" title="List of extreme points of India">Extreme points</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_glaciers_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="List of glaciers of India">Glaciers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_states_and_union_territories_by_highest_point" title="List of Indian states and union territories by highest point">Highest point by states</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_India" title="List of islands of India">Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lakes_of_India" title="List of lakes of India">Lakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mountains_in_India" title="List of mountains in India">Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mountain_passes_of_India" title="List of mountain passes of India">Mountain passes</a></li> <li>Plains <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Gangetic_Plain" title="Indo-Gangetic Plain">Indo-Gangetic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Coastal_Plains" title="Eastern Coastal Plains">Eastern coastal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Coastal_Plains" title="Western Coastal Plains">Western coastal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_India" title="List of rivers of India">Rivers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_valleys_in_India" title="List of valleys in India">Valleys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_volcanoes_in_India" title="List of volcanoes in India">Volcanoes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_waterfalls_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="List of waterfalls of India">Waterfalls</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_India" title="Administrative divisions of India">Regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_India" title="Central India">Central</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_India" title="East India">East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_India" title="North India">North</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northwest_India" title="Northwest India">Northwest</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northeast_India" title="Northeast India">Northeast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_India" title="South India">South</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Southwest_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Southwest India">Southwest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southeast_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Southeast India">Southeast</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_India" title="Western India">West</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_India" title="Administrative divisions of India">Subdivisions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_administrative_divisions_of_India" title="Autonomous administrative divisions of India">Autonomous administrative divisions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Borders_of_India" title="Template:Borders of India">Borders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_towns_in_India_by_population" title="List of towns in India by population">Towns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_India_by_population" title="List of cities in India by population">Cities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_districts_in_India" title="List of districts in India">Districts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipal_governance_in_India" title="Municipal governance in India">Municipalities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/States_and_union_territories_of_India" title="States and union territories of India">States and union territories</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Monuments_of_National_Importance_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Monuments of National Importance of India">National monuments of India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_national_parks_of_India" title="List of national parks of India">National parks of India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nature_worship" title="Nature worship">Nature worship</a> in <a href="/wiki/Indian_religions" title="Indian religions">Indian-origin religions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Sites_in_India" class="mw-redirect" title="World Heritage Sites in India">World Heritage Sites in India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_India" title="Culture of India">Culture of India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_India" title="History of India">History of India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_India" title="Tourism in India">Tourism in India</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Politics" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_India" title="Politics of India">Politics</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Government</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_agencies_of_the_government_of_India" title="List of agencies of the government of India">Agencies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_policy_of_India" title="Energy policy of India">Energy policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_India" title="Foreign relations of India">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_India" title="Parliament of India">Parliament</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lok_Sabha" title="Lok Sabha">Lok Sabha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajya_Sabha" title="Rajya Sabha">Rajya Sabha</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_India" title="President of India">President</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_India" title="Vice President of India">Vice President</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_India" title="Prime Minister of India">Prime Minister</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_Council_of_Ministers" title="Union Council of Ministers">Union Council of Ministers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_Services_of_India" title="Civil Services of India">Civil Services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_Secretary_(India)" title="Cabinet Secretary (India)">Cabinet Secretary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_governments_of_India" title="State governments of India">State governments</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/State_legislative_assemblies_of_India" title="State legislative assemblies of India">State legislative assemblies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_legislative_councils_of_India" title="State legislative councils of India">State legislative councils</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governor_(India)" title="Governor (India)">Governors, Lieutenant Governors and Administrators</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_minister_(India)" title="Chief minister (India)">Chief Ministers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_secretary_(India)" title="Chief secretary (India)">Chief Secretaries</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Law_of_India" title="Law of India">Law</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_India" title="Constitution of India">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Penal_Code" title="Indian Penal Code">Penal Code</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fundamental_Rights,_Directive_Principles_and_Fundamental_Duties_of_India" title="Fundamental Rights, Directive Principles and Fundamental Duties of India">Fundamental rights, principles and duties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_India" title="Human rights in India">Human rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_India" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in India">LGBT</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_India" title="Supreme Court of India">Supreme Court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_Justice_of_India" title="Chief Justice of India">Chief Justice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_courts_of_India" title="High courts of India">High Courts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/District_courts_of_India" title="District courts of India">District Courts</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_India" title="Law enforcement in India">Enforcement</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Federal</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Border_Security_Force" title="Border Security Force">Border Security Force (BSF)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Industrial_Security_Force" title="Central Industrial Security Force">Central Industrial Security Force (CISF)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Reserve_Police_Force" title="Central Reserve Police Force">Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Tibetan_Border_Police" title="Indo-Tibetan Border Police">Indo-Tibetan Border Police (ITBP)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Security_Guard" title="National Security Guard">National Security Guard (NSG)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Railway_Protection_Force" title="Railway Protection Force">Railway Protection Force (RPF)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sashastra_Seema_Bal" title="Sashastra Seema Bal">Sashastra Seema Bal (SSB)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_Protection_Group" title="Special Protection Group">Special Protection Group (SPG)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_intelligence_agencies" title="List of Indian intelligence agencies">Intelligence</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_Police_Research_and_Development" title="Bureau of Police Research and Development">Bureau of Police Research and Development (BPR&D)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Bureau_of_Investigation" title="Central Bureau of Investigation">Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Directorate_of_Revenue_Intelligence" title="Directorate of Revenue Intelligence">Directorate of Revenue Intelligence (DRI)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enforcement_Directorate" title="Enforcement Directorate">Enforcement Directorate (ED)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intelligence_Bureau_(India)" title="Intelligence Bureau (India)">Intelligence Bureau (IB)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Security_Council_(India)" title="National Security Council (India)">Joint Intelligence Committee (JIC)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narcotics_Control_Bureau" title="Narcotics Control Bureau">Narcotics Control Bureau (NCB)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Investigation_Agency" title="National Investigation Agency">National Investigation Agency (NIA)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Research_and_Analysis_Wing" title="Research and Analysis Wing">Research and Analysis Wing (R&AW)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Indian_Armed_Forces" title="Indian Armed Forces">Military</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Army" title="Indian Army">Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Navy" title="Indian Navy">Navy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Air_Force" title="Indian Air Force">Air Force</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_India" title="Politics of India">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Censorship_in_India" title="Censorship in India">Censorship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_nationality_law" title="Indian nationality law">Citizenship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_India" title="Elections in India">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democracy_in_India" title="Democracy in India">Democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_nationalism" title="Indian nationalism">Nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_India" title="List of political parties in India">Political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reservation_in_India" title="Reservation in India">Reservations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_scandals_in_India" title="List of scandals in India">Scandals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scheduled_Castes_and_Scheduled_Tribes" title="Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes">Scheduled groups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secularism_in_India" title="Secularism in India">Secularism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_political_participation_in_India" title="Women's political participation in India">Women in politics</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Economy" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_India" title="Economy of India">Economy</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_companies_of_India" title="List of companies of India">Companies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BSE_SENSEX" title="BSE SENSEX">BSE SENSEX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NIFTY_50" title="NIFTY 50">NIFTY 50</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Governance</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Finance_(India)" title="Ministry of Finance (India)">Ministry of Finance</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Finance_(India)" title="Minister of Finance (India)">Finance ministers</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Commerce_and_Industry_(India)" title="Ministry of Commerce and Industry (India)">Ministry of Commerce and Industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finance_Commission" title="Finance Commission">Finance Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_Advisory_Council" title="Economic Advisory Council">Economic Advisory Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Statistics_Office_(India)" title="Central Statistics Office (India)">Central Statistical Office</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Securities_and_Exchange_Board_of_India" title="Securities and Exchange Board of India">Securities and Exchange Board of India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enforcement_Directorate" title="Enforcement Directorate">Enforcement Directorate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/External_debt_of_India" title="External debt of India">External debt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_trade_of_India" title="Foreign trade of India">Foreign trade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_direct_investment_in_India" title="Foreign direct investment in India">Foreign direct investment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign-exchange_reserves_of_India" title="Foreign-exchange reserves of India">Foreign exchange reserves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Remittances_to_India" title="Remittances to India">Remittances</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxation_in_India" title="Taxation in India">Taxation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subsidies_in_India" title="Subsidies in India">Subsidies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industrial_licensing_in_India" title="Industrial licensing in India">Industrial licensing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Voluntary_Guidelines_on_Social,_Environmental_and_Economic_Responsibilities_of_Business" title="National Voluntary Guidelines on Social, Environmental and Economic Responsibilities of Business">Voluntary guidelines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NITI_Aayog" title="NITI Aayog">NITI Aayog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Make_in_India" title="Make in India">Make in India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atmanirbhar_Bharat" title="Atmanirbhar Bharat">Atmanirbhar Bharat</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Currency</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indian_rupee" title="Indian rupee">Indian rupee</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indian_rupee_sign" title="Indian rupee sign">Sign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_rupee" title="History of the rupee">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exchange_rate_history_of_the_Indian_rupee" title="Exchange rate history of the Indian rupee">Historical Forex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_rupee" title="Digital rupee">Digital rupee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coinage_of_India" title="Coinage of India">Coinage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_paisa" title="Indian paisa">Paisa</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reserve_Bank_of_India" title="Reserve Bank of India">Reserve Bank of India</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_of_the_Reserve_Bank_of_India" title="List of governors of the Reserve Bank of India">Governor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India_Government_Mint" title="India Government Mint">Mint</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inflation_in_India" title="Inflation in India">Inflation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Financial services</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banking_in_India" title="Banking in India">Banking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurance_in_India" title="Insurance in India">Insurance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multi_Commodity_Exchange" title="Multi Commodity Exchange">Multi Commodity Exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Gold_(Control)_Act,_1968" title="The Gold (Control) Act, 1968">Bullion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_black_money" title="Indian black money">Black money</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bombay_Stock_Exchange" title="Bombay Stock Exchange">Bombay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Stock_Exchange_of_India" title="National Stock Exchange of India">National</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economic_history_of_India" title="Economic history of India">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_India" title="Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in India">COVID-19 impact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_development_in_India" title="Economic development in India">Economic development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_liberalisation_in_India" title="Economic liberalisation in India">Liberalisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Licence_Raj" title="Licence Raj">Licence Raj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Revolution_in_India" title="Green Revolution in India">Green revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_schemes_of_the_government_of_India" title="List of schemes of the government of India">Government initiatives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_numbering_system" title="Indian numbering system">Numbering system</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indians_by_net_worth" title="List of Indians by net worth">By net worth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_India" title="Demographics of India">Demography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Income_in_India" title="Income in India">Income</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_India" title="Poverty in India">Poverty</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_labour_law" title="Indian labour law">Labour law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pensions_in_India" title="Pensions in India">Pensions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Employees%27_Provident_Fund_Organisation" title="Employees' Provident Fund Organisation">EPFO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Pension_Scheme" class="mw-redirect" title="National Pension Scheme">NPS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_Provident_Fund_(India)" title="Public Provident Fund (India)">PPF</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">States</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Andhra_Pradesh" title="Economy of Andhra Pradesh">Andhra Pradesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Assam" title="Economy of Assam">Assam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Bihar" title="Economy of Bihar">Bihar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Delhi" title="Economy of Delhi">Delhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Goa" class="mw-redirect" title="Economy of Goa">Goa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Gujarat" title="Economy of Gujarat">Gujarat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Haryana" title="Economy of Haryana">Haryana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Himachal_Pradesh" title="Economy of Himachal Pradesh">Himachal Pradesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Jammu_and_Kashmir" class="mw-redirect" title="Economy of Jammu and Kashmir">Jammu and Kashmir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Jharkhand" class="mw-redirect" title="Economy of Jharkhand">Jharkhand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Karnataka" title="Economy of Karnataka">Karnataka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Kerala" title="Economy of Kerala">Kerala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Ladakh" class="mw-redirect" title="Economy of Ladakh">Ladakh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Madhya_Pradesh" title="Economy of Madhya Pradesh">Madhya Pradesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Maharashtra" title="Economy of Maharashtra">Maharashtra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Mizoram" title="Economy of Mizoram">Mizoram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Odisha" title="Economy of Odisha">Odisha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Punjab,_India" title="Economy of Punjab, India">Punjab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Rajasthan" title="Economy of Rajasthan">Rajasthan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Tamil_Nadu" title="Economy of Tamil Nadu">Tamil Nadu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Telangana" title="Economy of Telangana">Telangana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Uttarakhand" title="Economy of Uttarakhand">Uttarakhand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Uttar_Pradesh" title="Economy of Uttar Pradesh">Uttar Pradesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_West_Bengal" title="Economy of West Bengal">West Bengal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sectors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_India" title="Agriculture in India">Agriculture</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Animal_husbandry_in_India" title="Animal husbandry in India">Livestock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_in_India" title="Fishing in India">Fishing</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_India" title="Automotive industry in India">Automotive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chemical_industry_in_India" title="Chemical industry in India">Chemical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Construction_industry_of_India" title="Construction industry of India">Construction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defence_industry_of_India" title="Defence industry of India">Defence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_India" title="Education in India">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_India" title="Energy in India">Energy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Electricity_sector_in_India" title="Electricity sector in India">Electricity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_power_in_India" title="Nuclear power in India">Nuclear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oil_and_gas_industry_in_India" title="Oil and gas industry in India">Oil and gas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_power_in_India" title="Solar power in India">Solar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_India" title="Wind power in India">Wind</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electronics_and_semiconductor_manufacturing_industry_in_India" title="Electronics and semiconductor manufacturing industry in India">Electronics and semiconductor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Entertainment_industry_in_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Entertainment industry in India">Entertainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forestry_in_India" title="Forestry in India">Forestry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gambling_in_India" title="Gambling in India">Gambling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_India" title="Healthcare in India">Healthcare</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_hospitals_in_India" title="List of hospitals in India">Hospitals</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Information_technology_in_India" title="Information technology in India">Information technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Media of India">Media</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_India" title="Cinema of India">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FM_broadcasting_in_India" title="FM broadcasting in India">FM Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_India" title="Television in India">Television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Printing_industry_in_India" title="Printing industry in India">Printing</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mining_in_India" title="Mining in India">Mining</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coal_in_India" title="Coal in India">Coal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iron_and_steel_industry_in_India" title="Iron and steel industry in India">Iron and Steel</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pharmaceutical_industry_in_India" title="Pharmaceutical industry in India">Pharmaceuticals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pulp_and_paper_industry_in_India" title="Pulp and paper industry in India">Pulp and paper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Retailing_in_India" title="Retailing in India">Retail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_and_technology_in_India" title="Science and technology in India">Science and technology</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biotechnology_in_India" title="Biotechnology in India">Biotechnology</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_industry_of_India" title="Space industry of India">Space</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_India" title="Telecommunications in India">Telecommunications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Textile_industry_in_India" title="Textile industry in India">Textiles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_India" title="Tourism in India">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_India" title="Transport in India">Transport</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aviation_in_India" title="Aviation in India">Aviation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Civil_aviation_in_India" title="Civil aviation in India">Civil</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ports_in_India" title="List of ports in India">Ports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rail_transport_in_India" title="Rail transport in India">Rail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roads_in_India" title="Roads in India">Roads</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_electricity_organisations_in_India" title="List of electricity organisations in India">Electricity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_supply_and_sanitation_in_India" title="Water supply and sanitation in India">Water</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_sector_in_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Power sector in India">Power</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Regulator</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Insurance_Regulatory_and_Development_Authority" title="Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority">IRDAI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reserve_Bank_of_India" title="Reserve Bank of India">RBI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SEBI" class="mw-redirect" title="SEBI">SEBI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insolvency_and_Bankruptcy_Board_of_India" title="Insolvency and Bankruptcy Board of India">IBBI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pension_Fund_Regulatory_and_Development_Authority" title="Pension Fund Regulatory and Development Authority">PFRDA</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Company_Law_Tribunal" title="National Company Law Tribunal">NCLT</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Company_Law_Appellate_Tribunal" title="National Company Law Appellate Tribunal">NCLAT</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Board_for_Industrial_and_Financial_Reconstruction" title="Board for Industrial and Financial Reconstruction">BIFR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insolvency_and_Bankruptcy_Board_of_India" title="Insolvency and Bankruptcy Board of India">IBBI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insolvency_and_Bankruptcy_Code,_2016" title="Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016">IBC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Securitisation_and_Reconstruction_of_Financial_Assets_and_Enforcement_of_Security_Interest_Act,_2002" title="Securitisation and Reconstruction of Financial Assets and Enforcement of Security Interest Act, 2002">SARFESI Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Income-tax_Act,_1961" class="mw-redirect" title="Income-tax Act, 1961">Income Tax Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Companies_Act,_2013" class="mw-redirect" title="Companies Act, 2013">Companies Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banking_Regulation_Act,_1949" title="Banking Regulation Act, 1949">Banking Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurance_Act,_1938" title="Insurance Act, 1938">Insurance Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_Exchange_Management_Act" title="Foreign Exchange Management Act">FEMA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mumbai_Consensus" title="Mumbai Consensus">Mumbai Consensus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Society_and_culture" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Society and <a href="/wiki/Culture_of_India" title="Culture of India">culture</a></li></ul></div></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Society</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caste_system_in_India" title="Caste system in India">Caste system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corruption_in_India" title="Corruption in India">Corruption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_India" title="Crime in India">Crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_India" title="Demographics of India">Demographics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indian_people" title="Indian people">Indians</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_India" title="Education in India">Education</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_universities_in_India" title="List of universities in India">Universities in India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_medical_colleges_in_India" title="List of medical colleges in India">Medical colleges in India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_law_schools_in_India" title="List of law schools in India">Law colleges in India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Engineering_education_in_India" title="Engineering education in India">Engineering colleges in India</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_relations_in_India" title="Ethnic relations in India">Ethnic relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_in_India" title="Health in India">Health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_India" title="Languages of India">Languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_states_by_life_expectancy_at_birth" title="List of Indian states by life expectancy at birth">Life expectancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Literacy_in_India" title="Literacy in India">Literacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_India" title="Poverty in India">Poverty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prisons_in_India" title="Prisons in India">Prisons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_India" title="Religion in India">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_issue#India" title="Social issue">Socio-economic issues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standard_of_living_in_India" title="Standard of living in India">Standard of living</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_supply_and_sanitation_in_India" title="Water supply and sanitation in India">Water supply and sanitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_India" title="Women in India">Women</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexuality_in_India" title="Sexuality in India">Sexuality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Youth_in_India" title="Youth in India">Youth</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_India" title="Culture of India">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arts_and_entertainment_in_India" title="Arts and entertainment in India">Arts and entertainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_India" title="Architecture of India">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_blogosphere" title="Indian blogosphere">Blogging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_India" title="Cinema of India">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_comics" title="Indian comics">Comics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Webcomics_in_India" title="Webcomics in India">Webcomics</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_cuisine" title="Indian cuisine">Cuisine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indian_wine" title="Indian wine">wine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_classical_dance" title="Indian classical dance">Dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clothing_in_India" title="Clothing in India">Dress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folklore_of_India" title="Folklore of India">Folklore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_festivals_in_India" title="List of festivals in India">Festivals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_literature" title="Indian literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_media_in_India" title="Mass media in India">Media</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_India" title="Television in India">television</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_martial_arts" title="Indian martial arts">Martial arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_India" title="Music of India">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_painting" title="Indian painting">Painting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_physical_culture" title="Indian physical culture">Physical culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_India" title="Public holidays in India">Public holidays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sculpture_in_the_Indian_subcontinent" title="Sculpture in the Indian subcontinent">Sculpture</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_the_tallest_statues_in_India" title="List of the tallest statues in India">tallest</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_India" title="Sport in India">Sport</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_games_of_India" title="Traditional games of India">Traditional</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link 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scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Constitution</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_India" title="Constitution of India">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fundamental_Rights,_Directive_Principles_and_Fundamental_Duties_of_India" title="Fundamental Rights, Directive Principles and Fundamental Duties of India">Fundamental Rights, Directive Principles and Fundamental Duties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federalism_in_India" title="Federalism in India">Federalism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Union_List" title="Union List">Union List</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_List" title="State List">State List</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concurrent_List" title="Concurrent List">Concurrent List</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a 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secretaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Advocate_general_(India)" title="Advocate general (India)">Advocate generals</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Legislature</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_India" title="Parliament of India">Parliament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lok_Sabha" title="Lok Sabha">Lok Sabha</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_Lok_Sabha" title="Speaker of the Lok Sabha">Speaker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deputy_Speaker_of_the_Lok_Sabha" title="Deputy Speaker of the Lok Sabha">Deputy speaker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secretary_General_of_the_Lok_Sabha" title="Secretary General of the Lok Sabha">Secretary General</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Member_of_Parliament,_Lok_Sabha" title="Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha">Member</a></li> <li><a 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(India)">State legislature</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/State_legislative_assemblies_of_India" title="State legislative assemblies of India">State legislative assemblies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_legislative_councils_of_India" title="State legislative councils of India">State legislative councils</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_Indian_legislative_speakers_and_chairpersons" title="List of current Indian legislative speakers and chairpersons">Speakers and Chairpersons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Member_of_the_Legislative_Assembly_(India)" title="Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)">Members</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_Indian_opposition_leaders" title="List of current Indian opposition leaders">Leaders of the Opposition</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Judiciary</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 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class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#FF9933; color:black;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Second_Modi_ministry" title="Template:Second Modi ministry"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:black">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Second_Modi_ministry" title="Template talk:Second Modi ministry"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:black">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Second_Modi_ministry" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Second Modi ministry"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:black">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="15px_Second_Modi_ministry" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a 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text-align:left;width:100%;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td class="navbox-list" style="padding:0px;width:10em;"><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Agriculture_and_Farmers%27_Welfare" title="Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers' Welfare">Agriculture and Farmers Welfare</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Arjun_Munda" title="Arjun Munda">Arjun Munda</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Fisheries,_Animal_Husbandry_and_Dairying" title="Ministry of Fisheries, Animal Husbandry and Dairying">Animal Husbandry, Dairying<br />and Fisheries</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Giriraj_Singh" title="Giriraj Singh">Giriraj Singh</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Atomic_Energy" title="Department of Atomic Energy">Atomic Energy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Narendra_Modi" title="Narendra Modi">Narendra Modi</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Chemicals_and_Fertilizers" title="Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers">Chemicals and Fertilizers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Mansukh_Mandaviya" title="Mansukh Mandaviya">Mansukh Mandaviya</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Commerce_and_Industry_(India)" title="Ministry of Commerce and Industry (India)">Commerce and Industry</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Piyush_Goyal" title="Piyush Goyal">Piyush Goyal</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Communications_(India)" title="Ministry of Communications (India)">Communications</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Ashwini_Vaishnaw" title="Ashwini Vaishnaw">Ashwini Vaishnaw</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a 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(India)">Defence</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Rajnath_Singh" title="Rajnath Singh">Rajnath Singh</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Earth_Sciences" title="Ministry of Earth Sciences">Earth Sciences</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Kiren_Rijiju" title="Kiren Rijiju">Kiren Rijiju</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Electronics_and_Information_Technology" title="Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology">Electronics and <br />Information Technology</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Ashwini_Vaishnaw" title="Ashwini Vaishnaw">Ashwini Vaishnaw</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_External_Affairs_(India)" title="Ministry of External Affairs (India)">External Affairs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/S._Jaishankar" title="S. Jaishankar">S. Jaishankar</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Finance_(India)" title="Ministry of Finance (India)">Finance</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Nirmala_Sitharaman" title="Nirmala Sitharaman">Nirmala Sitharaman</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Food_Processing_Industries" title="Ministry of Food Processing Industries">Food Processing Industry</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Narendra_Singh_Tomar" title="Narendra Singh Tomar">Narendra Singh Tomar</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;width:10em;"><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Coal" title="Ministry of Coal">Coal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Pralhad_Joshi" title="Pralhad Joshi">Pralhad Joshi</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Education_(India)" title="Ministry of Education (India)">Education</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Dharmendra_Pradhan" title="Dharmendra Pradhan">Dharmendra Pradhan</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Environment,_Forest_and_Climate_Change" title="Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change">Environment, Forest <br />and Climate Change</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Bhupender_Yadav" title="Bhupender Yadav">Bhupender Yadav</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Health_and_Family_Welfare" title="Ministry of Health and Family Welfare">Health and Family Welfare</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Mansukh_L._Mandaviya" class="mw-redirect" title="Mansukh L. Mandaviya">Mansukh L. Mandaviya</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Heavy_Industries" title="Ministry of Heavy Industries">Heavy Industry</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Mahendra_Nath_Pandey" title="Mahendra Nath Pandey">Mahendra Nath Pandey</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Home_Affairs_(India)" title="Ministry of Home Affairs (India)">Home Affairs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Amit_Shah" title="Amit Shah">Amit Shah</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Information_and_Broadcasting_(India)" title="Ministry of Information and Broadcasting (India)">Information and Broadcasting</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Anurag_Thakur" title="Anurag Thakur">Anurag Thakur</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Law_and_Justice_(India)" title="Ministry of Law and Justice (India)">Law and Justice</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Arjun_Ram_Meghwal" title="Arjun Ram Meghwal">Arjun Ram Meghwal</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Water_Resources,_River_Development_and_Ganga_Rejuvenation" title="Ministry of Water Resources, River Development and Ganga Rejuvenation">Jal Shakti</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Gajendra_Singh_Shekhawat" title="Gajendra Singh Shekhawat">Gajendra Singh Shekhawat</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Micro,_Small_and_Medium_Enterprises" title="Ministry of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises">Micro, Small and<br />Medium Enterprises</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Narayan_Rane" title="Narayan Rane">Narayan Rane</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Panchayati_Raj" title="Ministry of Panchayati Raj">Panchayati Raj</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Giriraj_Singh" title="Giriraj Singh">Giriraj Singh</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Parliamentary_Affairs_(India)" title="Ministry of Parliamentary Affairs (India)">Parliamentary Affairs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Pralhad_Joshi" title="Pralhad Joshi">Pralhad Joshi</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Personnel,_Public_Grievances_and_Pensions" title="Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions">Personnel, Public Grievances<br />and Pensions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Narendra_Modi" title="Narendra Modi">Narendra Modi</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;width:10em;"><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Petroleum_and_Natural_Gas" title="Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas">Petroleum and <br />Natural Gas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Hardeep_Singh_Puri" title="Hardeep Singh Puri">Hardeep Singh Puri</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Railways_(India)" title="Ministry of Railways (India)">Railways</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Ashwini_Vaishnaw" title="Ashwini Vaishnaw">Ashwini Vaishnaw</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Rural_Development_(India)" title="Ministry of Rural Development (India)">Rural Development</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Giriraj_Singh" title="Giriraj Singh">Giriraj Singh</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Skill_Development_and_Entrepreneurship" title="Ministry of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship">Skill Development and <br /> Entrepreneurship</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Mahendra_Nath_Pandey" title="Mahendra Nath Pandey">Mahendra Nath Pandey</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Social_Justice_and_Empowerment" title="Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment">Social Justice and<br />Empowerment</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Virendra_Kumar_Khatik" title="Virendra Kumar Khatik">Virendra Kumar Khatik</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Space" title="Department of Space">Space</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Narendra_Modi" title="Narendra Modi">Narendra Modi</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Steel" title="Ministry of Steel">Ministry of Steel</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Jyotiraditya_Scindia" title="Jyotiraditya Scindia">Jyotiraditya Scindia</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Ports,_Shipping_and_Waterways" title="Ministry of Ports, Shipping and Waterways">Shipping</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Road_Transport_and_Highways" title="Ministry of Road Transport and Highways">Road Transport <br />and Highways</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Nitin_Gadkari" title="Nitin Gadkari">Nitin Gadkari</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Textiles" title="Ministry of Textiles">Textiles</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Smriti_Irani" title="Smriti Irani">Smriti Irani</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Tribal_Affairs" title="Ministry of Tribal Affairs">Tribal Affairs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Arjun_Munda" title="Arjun Munda">Arjun Munda</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Women_and_Child_Development" title="Ministry of Women and Child Development">Women and Child Development</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Smriti_Irani" title="Smriti Irani">Smriti Irani</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Minority_Affairs" title="Ministry of Minority Affairs">Minority Affairs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Smriti_Irani" title="Smriti Irani">Smriti Irani</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Mines_(India)" title="Ministry of Mines (India)">Mines</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Pralhad_Joshi" title="Pralhad Joshi">Pralhad Joshi</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Navbox_with_columns" title="Template:Navbox with columns"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Navbox_with_columns" title="Template talk:Navbox with columns"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Navbox_with_columns" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Navbox with columns"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ministers_of_State_(Independent_Charge)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Ministers of State (Independent Charge)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;"><div style="padding:0px"><table class="navbox-columns-table" style="border-spacing: 0px; text-align:left;width:100%;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td class="navbox-list" style="padding:0px;width:10em;"><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Development_of_North_Eastern_Region" title="Ministry of Development of North Eastern Region">Development of North <br />Eastern Region</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Jitendra_Singh_(politician,_born_1956)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jitendra Singh (politician, born 1956)">Jitendra Singh</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;width:10em;"><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Housing_and_Urban_Poverty_Alleviation_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Housing and Urban Poverty Alleviation (India)">Housing and Urban Affairs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Hardeep_Singh_Puri" title="Hardeep Singh Puri">Hardeep Singh Puri</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Labour_and_Employment_(India)" title="Ministry of Labour and Employment (India)">Labour and Employment</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bhupendar_Yadav&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bhupendar Yadav (page does not exist)">Bhupendar Yadav</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_New_and_Renewable_Energy_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (India)">New and Renewable Energy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Raj_Kumar_Singh" class="mw-redirect" title="Raj Kumar Singh">Raj Kumar Singh</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Planning_Commission_(India)" title="Planning Commission (India)">Planning</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Rao_Inderjit_Singh" title="Rao Inderjit Singh">Rao Inderjit Singh</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Power_(India)" title="Ministry of Power (India)">Power</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Raj_Kumar_Singh" class="mw-redirect" title="Raj Kumar Singh">Raj Kumar Singh</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;width:10em;"><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Science_and_Technology_(India)" title="Ministry of Science and Technology (India)">Science and Technology</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Jitendra_Singh_(BJP_politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jitendra Singh (BJP politician)">Jitendra Singh</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Ports,_Shipping_and_Waterways" title="Ministry of Ports, Shipping and Waterways">Ports, Shipping and Waterways</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Sarbananda_Sonowal" title="Sarbananda Sonowal">Sarbananda Sonowal</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Statistics_and_Programme_Implementation" title="Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation">Statistics and Programme<br />Implementation</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Rao_Inderjit_Singh" title="Rao Inderjit Singh">Rao Inderjit Singh</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Tourism_(India)" title="Ministry of Tourism (India)">Tourism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Prahlad_Singh_Patel" title="Prahlad Singh Patel">Prahlad Singh Patel</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Youth_Affairs_and_Sports_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports (India)">Youth Affairs and Sports</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Anurag_Thakur" title="Anurag Thakur">Anurag Thakur</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Navbox_with_columns" title="Template:Navbox with columns"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Navbox_with_columns" title="Template talk:Navbox with columns"><abbr 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and<br />Farmers Welfare</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Shobha_Karandlaje" title="Shobha Karandlaje">Shobha Karandlaje</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Animal_Husbandry,_Dairying_and_Fisheries" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister of Animal Husbandry, Dairying and Fisheries">Animal Husbandry, Dairying<br />and Fisheries</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/L._Murugan" title="L. Murugan">L. Murugan</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Atomic_Energy" title="Department of Atomic Energy">Atomic Energy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Jitendra_Singh_(BJP_politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jitendra Singh (BJP politician)">Jitendra Singh</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Chemicals_and_Fertilizers_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers (India)">Chemicals and Fertilizers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Bhagwanth_Khuba" title="Bhagwanth Khuba">Bhagwanth Khuba</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Commerce_and_Industry_(India)" title="Ministry of Commerce and Industry (India)">Commerce and Industry</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Anupriya_Patel" title="Anupriya Patel">Anupriya Patel</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Communications_(India)" title="Ministry of Communications (India)">Communications</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Devusinh_Jesingbhai_Chauhan" title="Devusinh Jesingbhai Chauhan">Devusinh Jesingbhai Chauhan</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Consumer_Affairs,_Food_and_Public_Distribution_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Consumer Affairs, Food and Public Distribution (India)">Consumer Affairs, Food <br />and Public Disturbution</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Raosaheb_Danve" title="Raosaheb Danve">Raosaheb Danve</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Corporate_Affairs" title="Ministry of Corporate Affairs">Corporate Affairs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Rao_Inderjit_Singh" title="Rao Inderjit Singh">Rao Inderjit Singh</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Defence_(India)" title="Ministry of Defence (India)">Defence</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Ajay_Bhatt" title="Ajay Bhatt">Ajay Bhatt</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Electronics_and_Information_Technology" title="Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology">Electronics and IT</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Rajeev_Chandrasekhar" title="Rajeev Chandrasekhar">Rajeev Chandrasekhar</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Environment_and_Forests_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Environment and Forests (India)">Environment, Forest <br />and Climate Change</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Ashwini_Kumar_Choubey" title="Ashwini Kumar Choubey">Ashwini Kumar Choubey</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;width:10em;"><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_External_Affairs_(India)" title="Ministry of External Affairs (India)">External Affairs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/V._Muraleedharan" title="V. Muraleedharan">V. Muraleedharan</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Finance_(India)" title="Ministry of Finance (India)">Finance</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Pankaj_Chaudhary" title="Pankaj Chaudhary">Pankaj Chaudhary</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Bhagwat_Karad" title="Bhagwat Karad">Bhagwat Karad</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Food_Processing_Industries" title="Ministry of Food Processing Industries">Food Processing Industry</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Shobha_Karandlaje" title="Shobha Karandlaje">Shobha Karandlaje</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Health_and_Family_Welfare_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (India)">Health and Family Welfare</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Bharati_Pawar" title="Bharati Pawar">Bharati Pawar</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Heavy_Industries_and_Public_Enterprises_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Heavy Industries and Public Enterprises (India)">Heavy Industry and Public <br />Enterprises</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Arjun_Ram_Meghwal" title="Arjun Ram Meghwal">Arjun Ram Meghwal</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Home_Affairs_(India)" title="Ministry of Home Affairs (India)">Home Affairs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Ajay_Mishra_Teni" title="Ajay Mishra Teni">Ajay Mishra Teni</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Nityanand_Rai" title="Nityanand Rai">Nityanand Rai</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Nisith_Pramanik" title="Nisith Pramanik">Nisith Pramanik</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Water_Resources,_River_Development_%26_Ganga_Rejuvenation" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Water Resources, River Development & Ganga Rejuvenation">Jal Shakti</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Rajeev_Chandrasekhar" title="Rajeev Chandrasekhar">Rajeev Chandrasekhar</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Micro,_Small_and_Medium_Enterprises" title="Ministry of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises">Micro, Small and <br />Medium Enterprises</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Bhanu_Pratap_Singh_Verma" title="Bhanu Pratap Singh Verma">Bhanu Pratap Singh Verma</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Parliamentary_Affairs_(India)" title="Ministry of Parliamentary Affairs (India)">Parliamentary Affairs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Arjun_Ram_Meghwal" title="Arjun Ram Meghwal">Arjun Ram Meghwal</a><br /><a href="/wiki/V._Muraleedharan" title="V. Muraleedharan">V. Muraleedharan</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Personnel,_Public_Grievances_and_Pensions" title="Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions">Personnel, Public Grievances<br />and Pensions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Jitendra_Singh_(BJP_politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jitendra Singh (BJP politician)">Jitendra Singh</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;width:10em;"><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister%27s_Office_(India)" title="Prime Minister's Office (India)">Prime Minister's Office</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Jitendra_Singh_(BJP_politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jitendra Singh (BJP politician)">Jitendra Singh</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Railways_(India)" title="Ministry of Railways (India)">Railways</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Raosaheb_Danve" title="Raosaheb Danve">Raosaheb Danve</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Darshana_Jardosh" title="Darshana Jardosh">Darshana Jardosh</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Road_Transport_and_Highways_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Road Transport and Highways (India)">Road Transport <br />and Highways</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/V._K._Singh" title="V. K. Singh">V. K. Singh</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Rural_Development_(India)" title="Ministry of Rural Development (India)">Rural Development</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Niranjan_Jyoti" title="Niranjan Jyoti">Niranjan Jyoti</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Social_Justice_and_Empowerment" title="Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment">Social Justice and Empowerment</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/A._Narayanaswamy" title="A. Narayanaswamy">A. Narayanaswamy</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Ramdas_Athawale" title="Ramdas Athawale">Ramdas Athawale</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Pratima_Bhoumik" title="Pratima Bhoumik">Pratima Bhoumik</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Steel_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Steel (India)">Steel</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Faggan_Singh_Kulaste" title="Faggan Singh Kulaste">Faggan Singh Kulaste</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Skill_Development_and_Entrepreneurship" title="Ministry of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship">Skill Development and <br /> Entrepreneurship</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Raj_Kumar_Singh" class="mw-redirect" title="Raj Kumar Singh">Raj Kumar Singh</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Space" title="Department of Space">Space</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Jitendra_Singh_(BJP_politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jitendra Singh (BJP politician)">Jitendra Singh</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Tribal_Affairs_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Tribal Affairs (India)">Tribal Affairs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Bharati_Pawar" title="Bharati Pawar">Bharati Pawar</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Women_and_Child_Development" title="Ministry of Women and Child Development">Women and Child Development</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Mahendra_Munjapara" title="Mahendra Munjapara">Mahendra Munjapara</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Governments_of_Asia" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Asia_topic" title="Template:Asia topic"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Asia_topic" title="Template talk:Asia topic"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Asia_topic" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Asia topic"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Governments_of_Asia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Governments of Asia</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states" title="List of sovereign states">Sovereign states</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Afghanistan" title="Government of Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Armenia" title="Government of Armenia">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Azerbaijan" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Bahrain" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of Bahrain">Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Bangladesh" title="Government of Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Bhutan" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of Bhutan">Bhutan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Brunei" title="Government of Brunei">Brunei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Cambodia" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of Cambodia">Cambodia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_China" title="Government of China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Cyprus" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_East_Timor" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of East Timor">East Timor (Timor-Leste)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Georgia_(country)" title="Government of Georgia (country)">Georgia</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Indonesia" title="Government of Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Iran" title="Government of Iran">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Iraq" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of Iraq">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Israel" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of Israel">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Japan" title="Government of Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Jordan" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of Jordan">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Kazakhstan" title="Government of Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_North_Korea" title="Government of North Korea">North Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_South_Korea" title="Government of South Korea">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Kuwait" title="Government of Kuwait">Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Kyrgyzstan" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of Kyrgyzstan">Kyrgyzstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Laos" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of Laos">Laos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Lebanon" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of Lebanon">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Malaysia" title="Government of Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_the_Maldives" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of the Maldives">Maldives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Mongolia" title="Government of Mongolia">Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Myanmar" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of Myanmar">Myanmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Nepal" title="Government of Nepal">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Oman" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of Oman">Oman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Pakistan" title="Government of Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_the_Philippines" title="Government of the Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Qatar" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of Qatar">Qatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Russia" title="Government of Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Saudi_Arabia" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Singapore" title="Government of Singapore">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Sri_Lanka" title="Government of Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Syria" title="Government of Syria">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Tajikistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of Tajikistan">Tajikistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Thailand" title="Government of Thailand">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Turkey" title="Government of Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Turkmenistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of the United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Uzbekistan" title="Government of Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Vietnam" title="Government of Vietnam">Vietnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Yemen" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of Yemen">Yemen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_states_with_limited_recognition" title="List of states with limited recognition">States with<br />limited recognition</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Abkhazia" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of Abkhazia">Abkhazia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Northern_Cyprus" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of Northern Cyprus">Northern Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_the_State_of_Palestine" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of the State of Palestine">Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_South_Ossetia" title="Government of South Ossetia">South Ossetia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_the_Republic_of_China" title="Government of the Republic of China">Taiwan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dependent_territory" title="Dependent territory">Dependencies</a> and<br />other territories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_the_British_Indian_Ocean_Territory" title="Government of the British Indian Ocean Territory">British Indian Ocean Territory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Christmas_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of Christmas Island">Christmas Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_the_Cocos_(Keeling)_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of the Cocos (Keeling) Islands">Cocos (Keeling) Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Hong_Kong" title="Government of Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Macau" title="Government of Macau">Macau</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Asia" title="Category:Asia">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Asia" title="Portal:Asia">Asia portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Government_ministries_of_India" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Union_ministries_of_India" title="Template:Union ministries of India"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Union_ministries_of_India" title="Template talk:Union ministries of India"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Union_ministries_of_India" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Union ministries of India"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Government_ministries_of_India" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Union_government_ministries_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Union government ministries of India">Government ministries of India</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/President_of_India" title="President of India">President</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_India" title="List of presidents of India">List</a>) • <a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_India" title="Vice President of India">Vice President</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_vice_presidents_of_India" title="List of vice presidents of India">List</a>) • <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Government of India</a> • <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_India" title="Prime Minister of India">Prime Minister</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Prime_Ministers_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Prime Ministers of India">List</a> • <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister%27s_Office_(India)" title="Prime Minister's Office (India)">Office</a>) • <a href="/wiki/Deputy_Prime_Minister_of_India" title="Deputy Prime Minister of India">Deputy Prime Minister</a> • <a href="/wiki/Union_Council_of_Ministers" title="Union Council of Ministers">Council of Ministers</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Key</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Defence_(India)" title="Ministry of Defence (India)">Defence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_External_Affairs_(India)" title="Ministry of External Affairs (India)">External Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Finance_(India)" title="Ministry of Finance (India)">Finance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Home_Affairs_(India)" title="Ministry of Home Affairs (India)">Home Affairs</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Economy & Industry</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Chemicals_and_Fertilizers" title="Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers">Chemicals and Fertilizers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Civil_Aviation_(India)" title="Ministry of Civil Aviation (India)">Civil Aviation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Commerce_and_Industry_(India)" title="Ministry of Commerce and Industry (India)">Commerce and Industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Communications_(India)" title="Ministry of Communications (India)">Communications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Co-operation" title="Ministry of Co-operation">Co-operation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Corporate_Affairs" title="Ministry of Corporate Affairs">Corporate Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Electronics_and_Information_Technology" title="Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology">Electronics and Information Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Heavy_Industries_and_Public_Enterprises" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Heavy Industries and Public Enterprises">Heavy Industries and Public Enterprises</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Information_and_Broadcasting_(India)" title="Ministry of Information and Broadcasting (India)">Information and Broadcasting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Labour_and_Employment_(India)" title="Ministry of Labour and Employment (India)">Labour and Employment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Micro,_Small_and_Medium_Enterprises" title="Ministry of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises">Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Mines_(India)" title="Ministry of Mines (India)">Mines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Steel" title="Ministry of Steel">Steel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Textiles" title="Ministry of Textiles">Textiles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Tourism_(India)" title="Ministry of Tourism (India)">Tourism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Infrastructure</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Development_of_North_Eastern_Region" title="Ministry of Development of North Eastern Region">Development of North Eastern Region</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Jal_Shakti" title="Ministry of Jal Shakti">Jal Shakti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Ports,_Shipping_and_Waterways" title="Ministry of Ports, Shipping and Waterways">Ports, Shipping and Waterways</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Railways_(India)" title="Ministry of Railways (India)">Railways</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Road_Transport_and_Highways" title="Ministry of Road Transport and Highways">Road Transport and Highways</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Rural_Development_(India)" title="Ministry of Rural Development (India)">Rural Development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Housing_and_Urban_Affairs" title="Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs">Housing and Urban Affairs</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Food</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Agriculture_and_Farmers%27_Welfare" title="Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers' Welfare">Agriculture and Farmers' Welfare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Consumer_Affairs,_Food_and_Public_Distribution" title="Ministry of Consumer Affairs, Food and Public Distribution">Consumer Affairs, Food and Public Distribution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Fisheries,_Animal_Husbandry_and_Dairying" title="Ministry of Fisheries, Animal Husbandry and Dairying">Fisheries, Animal Husbandry and Dairying</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Food_Processing_Industries" title="Ministry of Food Processing Industries">Food Processing Industries</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Energy & Climate Change</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Coal" title="Ministry of Coal">Coal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Environment,_Forest_and_Climate_Change" title="Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change">Environment, Forest and Climate Change</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_New_and_Renewable_Energy" title="Ministry of New and Renewable Energy">New and Renewable Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Petroleum_and_Natural_Gas" title="Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas">Petroleum and Natural Gas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Power_(India)" title="Ministry of Power (India)">Power</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Science, Education & Health</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_AYUSH" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of AYUSH">AYUSH</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Earth_Sciences" title="Ministry of Earth Sciences">Earth Sciences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Education_(India)" title="Ministry of Education (India)">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Health_and_Family_Welfare" title="Ministry of Health and Family Welfare">Health and Family Welfare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Science_and_Technology_(India)" title="Ministry of Science and Technology (India)">Science and Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Skill_Development_and_Entrepreneurship" title="Ministry of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship">Skill Development and Entrepreneurship</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General Administration</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Culture_(India)" title="Ministry of Culture (India)">Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Law_and_Justice_(India)" title="Ministry of Law and Justice (India)">Law and Justice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Minority_Affairs" title="Ministry of Minority Affairs">Minority Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Panchayati_Raj" title="Ministry of Panchayati Raj">Panchayati Raj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Parliamentary_Affairs_(India)" title="Ministry of Parliamentary Affairs (India)">Parliamentary Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Personnel,_Public_Grievances_and_Pensions" title="Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions">Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Planning_(India)" title="Ministry of Planning (India)">Planning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Social_Justice_and_Empowerment" title="Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment">Social Justice and Empowerment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Statistics_and_Programme_Implementation" title="Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation">Statistics and Programme Implementation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Tribal_Affairs" title="Ministry of Tribal Affairs"> Tribal Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Women_and_Child_Development" title="Ministry of Women and Child Development">Women and Child Development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Youth_Affairs_and_Sports" title="Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports">Youth Affairs and Sports</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Defunct</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Communications_and_Information_Technology_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Communications and Information Technology (India)">Communications and Information Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Information_Technology_(India)" title="Ministry of Information Technology (India)">Information Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Overseas_Indian_Affairs" title="Ministry of Overseas Indian Affairs">Overseas Indian Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Surface_Transport" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Surface Transport">Surface Transport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Drinking_Water_and_Sanitation" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Drinking Water and Sanitation">Drinking Water and Sanitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Water_Resources,_River_Development_and_Ganga_Rejuvenation" title="Ministry of Water Resources, River Development and Ganga Rejuvenation">Water Resources, River Development and Ganga Rejuvenation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Housing_and_Urban_Poverty_Alleviation" title="Ministry of Housing and Urban Poverty Alleviation">Housing and Urban Poverty Alleviation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ministers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Agriculture_and_Farmers%27_Welfare" title="Minister of Agriculture and Farmers' Welfare">Agriculture and Farmers' Welfare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Communications_(India)" title="Minister of Communications (India)">Communications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Defence_(India)" title="Minister of Defence (India)">Defence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Education_(India)" title="Minister of Education (India)">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_External_Affairs_(India)" title="Minister of External Affairs (India)">External Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Finance_(India)" title="Minister of Finance (India)">Finance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Home_Affairs_(India)" title="Minister of Home Affairs (India)">Home Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Housing_and_Urban_Affairs" title="Minister of Housing and Urban Affairs">Housing and Urban Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Law_and_Justice" title="Minister of Law and Justice">Law and Justice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Personnel,_Public_Grievances_and_Pensions" title="Minister of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions">Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Railways_(India)" title="Minister of Railways (India)">Railways</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Road_Transport_and_Highways" title="Minister of Road Transport and Highways">Road Transport and Highways</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Secretary_to_the_Government_of_India" title="Secretary to the Government of India">Secretaries</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Principal_Secretary_to_the_Prime_Minister_of_India" title="Principal Secretary to the Prime Minister of India">Principal Secretary to the Prime Minister</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_Secretary_(India)" title="Cabinet Secretary (India)">Cabinet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defence_Secretary_(India)" title="Defence Secretary (India)">Defence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finance_Secretary_(India)" title="Finance Secretary (India)">Finance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_Secretary_(India)" title="Foreign Secretary (India)">Foreign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Home_Secretary_(India)" title="Home Secretary (India)">Home</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Personnel_Secretary_(India)" title="Personnel Secretary (India)">Personnel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Departments</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Atomic_Energy" title="Department of Atomic Energy">Atomic Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Biotechnology" title="Department of Biotechnology">Biotechnology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Economic_Affairs_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="Department of Economic Affairs (India)">Economic Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Higher_Education_(India)" title="Department of Higher Education (India)">Higher Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Official_Language" title="Department of Official Language">Official Language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Science_and_Technology_(India)" title="Department of Science and Technology (India)">Science and Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Military_Affairs_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="Department of Military Affairs (India)">Military Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Department_for_Promotion_of_Industry_and_Internal_Trade" title="Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade">Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Space" title="Department of Space">Space</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Technical_Education_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="Department of Technical Education (India)">Technical Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Telecommunications" title="Department of Telecommunications">Telecommunications</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Defunct</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Criminal_Intelligence" title="Department of Criminal Intelligence">Criminal Intelligence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thagi_and_Dakaiti_Department" class="mw-redirect" title="Thagi and Dakaiti Department">Thagi and Dakaiti</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2767140#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2767140#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" scope="row" class="navbox-group" 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