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href="/web/20230201093341/https://vnexpress.net/thoi-su" title="Thời sự">Thời sự</a></li> <span id="parentCateDetail" data-cate="1001005"></span> <span id="site-sub-id" data-cate="1001005"></span> </ul> <span class="date">Thứ ba, 2/10/2018, 17:09 (GMT+7)</span> </div> <h1 class="title-detail">Nguyên Tổng bí thư Đỗ Mười và cuộc chống lạm phát 700% sau Đổi mới </h1> <p class="description">Năm 1987, lạm phát lên 700%, Chủ tịch Hội đồng Bộ trưởng Đỗ Mười đã thực hiện nhiều giải pháp đưa tỷ lệ này xuống 10% vào năm 1992.</p> <article class="fck_detail "> <p class="Normal"> Là trợ lý của nguyên Tổng bí thư Đỗ Mười trong nhiều năm, ông Lê Đức Thúy, nguyên Thống đốc Ngân hàng Nhà nước chia sẻ với <em>VnExpress</em> những ấn tượng lớn nhất về cố Tổng bí thư.</p><p class="Normal"> <em>- Từ một người chuyên làm công tác nghiên cứu, ông đã trở thành thư ký và người trợ lý thân cận của cố Tổng bí thư Đỗ Mười như thế nào?</em></p><p class="Normal"> - Năm 1988, khi tôi đang là Phó viện trưởng Viện Kinh tế học thì bỗng dưng có giấy mời của Văn phòng Trung ương gọi tôi lên đi công tác với Chủ tịch Hội đồng Bộ trưởng Đỗ Mười trong một tháng.</p> <figure data-size="false" itemprop="associatedMedia image" itemscope="" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" class="tplCaption"> <meta itemprop="url" content="https://web.archive.org/web/20230201093341/https://vcdn1-vnexpress.vnecdn.net/2018/10/02/DSC-0599-JPG-8742-1538474918.jpg?w=0&h=0&q=100&dpr=2&fit=crop&s=m8nTqbXckwSpm84uREd1sw"> <meta itemprop="width" content="500"> <meta itemprop="height" content="0"> <meta itemprop="href" content=""> <div class="fig-picture"><picture>  <source data-srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20230201093341im_/https://vcdn1-vnexpress.vnecdn.net/2018/10/02/DSC-0599-JPG-8742-1538474918.jpg?w=680&h=0&q=100&dpr=1&fit=crop&s=JPtQC4A5oC7t6bOhstFUyg">  <img itemprop="contentUrl" style="position: relative !important;float: left;left: 50% !important;transform: translateX(-50%);" loading="lazy" intrinsicsize="680x0" alt="Ông Lê Đức Thuý, nguyên Thống đốc Ngân hàng Nhà nước: Ảnh: VT." class="lazy" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" data-src="https://web.archive.org/web/20230201093341/https://vcdn1-vnexpress.vnecdn.net/2018/10/02/DSC-0599-JPG-8742-1538474918.jpg?w=680&h=0&q=100&dpr=1&fit=crop&s=JPtQC4A5oC7t6bOhstFUyg"> </picture></div> <figcaption itemprop="description"> <p class="Image"> Ông Lê Đức Thuý, nguyên Thống đốc Ngân hàng Nhà nước: Ảnh: <em>VT.</em></p> </figcaption> </figure><p class="Normal"> Sau này tìm hiểu, tôi mới biết khi ông mới lên làm Chủ tịch Hội đồng Bộ trưởng có nói với ông Lê Xuân Tùng (lúc này là trợ lý Tổng bí thư Nguyễn Văn Linh) rằng “chú có biết thằng nào hiểu kinh tế kiếm cho tôi, mà kiếm được người trong quê chú thì tốt, bởi tôi thích dân trong các chú là nói thẳng”.</p><p class="Normal"> Ông Lê Xuân Tùng giới thiệu tôi. Lý do bởi ông Tùng khi công tác ở trường Nguyễn Ái Quốc thì tôi vào đó làm nghiên cứu sinh. Trong quá trình học, ông quan sát và cho rằng tôi sắc sảo nên muốn giữ lại trường, nhưng tôi quyết định trở lại Viện Kinh tế học. Sau đó, trường Nguyễn Ái Quốc bố trí cho tôi sang Liên Xô để làm tiếp nghiên cứu sinh.</p><p class="Normal"> Từ Liên Xô trở về tôi cứ nghĩ mình sẽ gắn bó với công việc nghiên cứu suốt đời. Thật lòng lúc đó tôi chỉ thích làm khoa học, được ung dung tự tại. Nhưng khi tôi trình bày nguyện vọng được về làm ở Viện kinh tế thì ông Đỗ Mười nói: “Tuỳ chú thôi. Nhưng tôi để chú ngồi ở chỗ có thể hiểu đầy đủ, trực tiếp và sâu sắc nhất những vấn đề kinh tế của đất nước phải xử lý để tham mưu, đề xuất mà chú từ chối thì tôi không hiểu chú làm nghiên cứu khoa học kiểu gì”. Câu nói của ông khiến tôi rất suy nghĩ và thấy rằng nếu không nhận lời giúp việc cho ông thì thật đáng xấu hổ. Do đó mặc dù có khó khăn trong cuộc sống riêng tôi vẫn động viên vợ hỗ trợ để đi làm thư ký cho ông.</p><p class="Normal"> Tôi còn nhớ hôm đầu tiên lên gặp ông Đỗ Mười. Bước vào phòng gặp một người đàn ông cứng tuổi, mặc bộ đại cán màu xanh và hỏi tôi “lên giúp mình đấy à”. Tôi trả lời “thưa anh, vâng”.</p><p class="Normal"> Lúc đó, tôi không hề biết là thời gian “đi công tác” của mình với ông không chỉ một tháng mà nhiều năm sau đó. Thời gian đi công tác ở miền Nam, Văn phòng bố trí cho tôi ở biệt thự cùng Chủ tịch Hội đồng Bộ trưởng, phòng tôi và phòng ông gần như đối diện nhau. Ông thường đi nằm sớm, khoảng 10h. Chúng tôi muộn hơn, nhưng sáng nào cũng vậy, tôi dậy nhìn sang phòng ông thì thấy đèn đã sáng rồi. Về sau, tôi mới biết ông thường dậy làm việc từ 3h sáng và ông vẫn “chê” tôi là còn ngủ nhiều quá.</p><p class="Normal"> <em>- Đâu là ấn tượng lớn nhất của ông trong thời gian giúp việc cố Tổng bí thư?</em></p><p class="Normal"> - Khi ông Đỗ Mười lên làm Chủ tịch Hội đồng Bộ trưởng thì nhiệm kỳ Đại hội VI qua chưa được hai năm, thời gian triển khai đường lối Đổi mới vào cuộc sống chưa nhiều. Chính phủ đang phải xoay xở làm sao cho đủ cơm áo gạo tiền với trăm nghìn công việc ngổn ngang bên trong, bên ngoài. Vì vậy, tôi nghĩ rằng ông Đỗ Mười trên cương vị đứng đầu Chính phủ và sau đó đứng đầu Đảng, là một trong những lãnh đạo chủ chốt đã tổ chức thực hiện thành công đường lối Đổi mới của Đại hội lần thứ VI; đưa đường lối Đổi mới vào cuộc sống một cách toàn diện bằng hoạt động điều hành của Chính phủ.</p><p class="Normal"> Những năm sau đổi mới, Việt Nam bắt đầu chủ trương phát huy sức mạnh của các thành phần kinh tế trên phạm vi cả nước, bao gồm khuyến khích kinh tế tư nhân. Từ thực tế nơi này, nơi kia “xé rào”, với tư cách là Thủ tướng, ông Đỗ Mười cùng với Chính phủ phải đưa những tín hiệu đổi mới cục bộ đó thành công việc chung để cả nước cùng làm.</p><p class="Normal"> Nhiều người hỏi tôi về việc ông Đỗ Mười là Trưởng ban cải tạo công thương nghiệp tư bản, tư doanh ở miền Nam sau năm 1975; và khi làm Chủ tịch Hội đồng Bộ trưởng thì ông lại chỉ đạo, điều hành để “phát huy sức mạnh của các thành phần kinh tế?”. Tôi cũng có nghe dư luận như vậy về ông. Nhưng một lần tâm sự riêng với tôi, ông nói rằng khi thực hiệc các nhiệm vụ cải tạo xã hội chủ nghĩa ông đã nỗ lực thực hiện chỉ đạo của tổ chức với nhận thức chung là chủ nghĩa xã hội thì chỉ có chế độ công hữu, chỉ có kinh tế quốc doanh và tập thể. “Lúc đó, trong các chủ trương, đường lối cũng như các công trình nghiên cứu ở Việt Nam và các nước xã hội chủ nghĩa anh em chưa có một ý kiến chính thức nào đi ngược lại điều đó. Có thể việc xử lý vấn đề cụ thể thì chưa đúng và tôi có trách nhiệm. Nhưng tôi nghĩ mình không thể làm khác các quyết định chung được. Bây giờ Đổi mới, chỉ ra cách làm cũ sai thì phải sửa”.</p><p class="Normal"> Với tôi, nguyên Tổng bí thư Đỗ Mười là người cả cuộc đời luôn nghiêm túc với công việc, từ các nhiệm vụ thời chiến cho đến thời bình, mỗi khi tổ chức phân công, ông luôn lăn lộn làm bằng được chứ không bao giờ nghĩ đến chuyện không làm hay làm nửa chừng.</p><p class="Normal"> Tôi nhớ năm 1988, có một nhà kinh tế nổi tiếng xin gặp ông Đỗ Mười để trao đổi về các vấn đề của đất nước. Người ấy khi đứng dậy ra về đã bực bội nói với Chủ tịch Hội đồng Bộ trưởng rằng “nếu vẫn áp dụng chính sách kinh tế nhiều thành phần thì sớm muộn gì chúng ta cũng phải làm lại một cuộc cải tạo xã hội chủ nghĩa; và tôi đố anh chống được lạm phát”. Đây gần như một sự thách thức với nhà lãnh đạo Chính phủ lúc đó. Đến nay, thời gian đã có câu trả lời về việc Chính phủ thời ông Đỗ Mười đã chống lạm phát thành công như thế nào. Nhưng tôi vẫn kể câu chuyện này để muốn nói rằng, có một thời kỳ, không chỉ trước Đổi mới 1986 mà ngay cả những năm sau đó, trong nhiều cấp, nhiều giới ở Việt Nam vẫn còn nặng tư duy, giáo lý như của nhà kinh tế nổi tiếng ở trên.</p><p class="Normal"> Cái Tết đầu tiên trên cương vị Chủ tịch Hội đồng Bộ trưởng, ông Đỗ Mười vào miền Nam công tác, gặp gỡ doanh nghiệp tư nhân. Lần đầu tiên người đứng đầu Chính phủ chúc Tết là “Chúc bà con làm ăn phát tài”. Dư luận thời đó cảm nhận thấy một sự đổi mới thực sự của ông.</p><p class="Normal"> <strong>"Ngân sách thu lấy mà chi"</strong></p><p class="Normal"> <em>- Ông vừa nhắc đến thách thức của nguyên Chủ tịch Hội đồng Bộ trưởng Đỗ Mười trong công cuộc chống lạm phát. Việc này đã diễn ra như thế nào?</em></p><p class="Normal"> - Đó là những năm Việt Nam chuyển đổi theo giá thị trường, xoá bao cấp, xoá tem phiếu. Sau năm 1986, không phải người Việt Nam ngủ một giấc tỉnh dậy là lập tức bao cấp đã hết. Lúc đó sổ lương thực vẫn còn, ngăn sông cấm chợ vẫn còn.</p><p class="Normal"> Và không chỉ vật lộn trong nước, Việt Nam còn phải tính toán làm sao để mở cửa làm ăn với bên ngoài. Năm 1987, Chính phủ có chủ trương thu hút đầu tư nước ngoài trong điều kiện Mỹ còn cấm vận và nước ta chưa bình thường hoá quan hệ với Trung Quốc; Liên Xô và Đông Âu thì đang tiến dần đến sụp đổ. Trong bối cảnh đó, Chính phủ phải ngày đêm lăn lộn, nghĩ các kế sách thực hiện đường lối Đổi mới. Hoàn toàn không dễ dàng để Việt Nam ra khỏi được khủng hoảng kinh tế.</p><p class="Normal"> Năm 1987, lạm phát lên gần 700%, đến năm 1988 có giảm xuống nhưng vẫn ở mức khủng khiếp là 300%. Tháng 1 và tháng 2 năm 1989, lạm phát tăng mỗi tháng 8%. Một lần trên máy bay từ trong Nam ra, ông Đỗ Mười bảo tôi “lạm phát vậy thì không ai làm ăn gì được, chú gác mọi việc khác, lo chống lạm phát cho tôi”.</p><p class="Normal"> Tôi hiểu chỉ đạo của Chủ tịch Hội đồng Bộ trưởng là huy động lực lượng tối đa để chống lạm phát, nên đã triển khai nhanh việc khâu nối các đầu mối cần thiết. Lúc đó, Chính phủ triệu tập các bộ, ngành, viện nghiên cứu... và yêu cầu mỗi đơn vị làm một đề án chống lạm phát, đến trình bày trực tiếp với ông Đỗ Mười.</p><p class="Normal"> Qua nhiều vòng nghe báo cáo, ông chọn được 4 đề án có ý tưởng mới của Viện Kinh tế thế giới, Trường đại học Kinh tế quốc dân, Khoa Quản lý kinh tế của Học viện Chính trị quốc gia Hồ Chí Minh và Ban Kinh tế Trung ương. Từ 4 đề án này, ông lại yêu cầu chắt lọc để đưa những điểm nổi trội nhất vào một đề án. Chúng tôi tìm được khoảng 10 người tập hợp thành tổ viết đề án chống lạm phát.</p> <figure data-size="false" itemprop="associatedMedia image" itemscope="" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" class="tplCaption"> <meta itemprop="url" content="https://web.archive.org/web/20230201093341/https://vcdn1-vnexpress.vnecdn.net/2018/10/02/42943788-485754095256742-51818-8703-2638-1538474919.jpg?w=0&h=0&q=100&dpr=2&fit=crop&s=Su0T90WWF1GJQkuCrnATsQ"> <meta itemprop="width" content="500"> <meta itemprop="height" content="0"> <meta itemprop="href" content=""> <div class="fig-picture"><picture>  <source data-srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20230201093341im_/https://vcdn1-vnexpress.vnecdn.net/2018/10/02/42943788-485754095256742-51818-8703-2638-1538474919.jpg?w=680&h=0&q=100&dpr=1&fit=crop&s=6vGX_x9GVAdiPLQ2feGtcw">  <img itemprop="contentUrl" style="position: relative !important;float: left;left: 50% !important;transform: translateX(-50%);" loading="lazy" intrinsicsize="680x0" alt="Nguyên Tổng bí thư Đỗ Mười. Ảnh: Reuters." class="lazy" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" data-src="https://web.archive.org/web/20230201093341/https://vcdn1-vnexpress.vnecdn.net/2018/10/02/42943788-485754095256742-51818-8703-2638-1538474919.jpg?w=680&h=0&q=100&dpr=1&fit=crop&s=6vGX_x9GVAdiPLQ2feGtcw"> </picture></div> <figcaption itemprop="description"> <p class="Image"> Nguyên Tổng bí thư Đỗ Mười. Ảnh: <em>Reuters.</em></p> </figcaption> </figure><p class="Normal"> Trong việc chống lạm phát năm 1989, trước đó vì thiếu hàng nên chúng ta cứ nghĩ phải tạo ra nhiều hàng mà không thấy rằng, lẽ ra lãi suất phải thực dương, nghĩa là cao hơn mức lạm phát để người dân còn muốn gửi tiền vào ngân hàng. Việt Nam lúc đó vẫn giữ bao cấp trong tín dụng ngân hàng, giữ mức huy động vốn của dân với lãi suất thấp nên người dân không gửi tiền. Từ đó dẫn đến chuyện “ngân hàng không có tiền cho vay thì in thêm tiền cho vay, ngân sách không thu được thì in thêm tiền để tiêu”. Và lạm phát cứ thế trở thành vòng xoáy không dừng lại được.</p><p class="Normal"> Đề án chống lạm phát đặt lên bàn Chủ tịch Hội đồng Bộ trưởng có nhiều nội dung, trong đó then chốt là đưa ra lãi suất thực dương. Biện pháp mà bây giờ nhìn lại nhiều người ngạc nhiên, nhưng lúc đó là cần thiết. Lãi suất tiền gửi từ chỗ chỉ 2-3% được đưa lên không kỳ hạn là 9% mỗi tháng, kỳ hạn 3 tháng là 12%. Rõ ràng khi lạm phát là 8% mỗi tháng thì lãi suất 9% không phải là cao.</p><p class="Normal"> Tư tưởng về lãi suất thực dương đến với ông Đỗ Mười, được biến thành chỉ đạo của ông rất đơn giản. Đó là “giá hàng với giá tiền (tức lãi suất và giá hàng hoá) phải như thuyền với nước. Nước lên thì thuyền lên, nước xuống thì thuyền xuống, không thể để một thứ trên trời, thứ kia dưới đất”. Chủ tịch Hội đồng Bộ trưởng quyết thực hiện chủ trương này.</p><p class="Normal"> Cùng với một số biện pháp khác, việc triển khai đề án đã giúp đưa lạm phát năm 1989 xuống còn khoảng 35-40%, trong khi đề án dự kiến phải đến năm 1990 mới đạt được. Nhưng cái giá phải trả cũng rất đắt. Bởi trước đó đồng tiền mất giá nhanh, mọi người lĩnh lương phải mua đồ ngay để giữ hàng thay vì giữ tiền. Mỗi gia đình thành kho tích trữ hàng hoá. Gạo phải thừa ăn mấy tháng, lốp xe đạp phải mấy đôi..., nếu không mỗi tháng tiền mất giá 8% thì lương coi như hết. Kho trữ hàng trong dân như vậy là kho không có đáy nên hàng bao nhiêu cũng thiếu. Khi đưa lãi suất lên thì mọi người thấy gửi tiền vào ngân hàng có lợi hơn, không mua hàng nữa. Vậy là hàng thừa ế. Các xí nghiệp quốc doanh lúc đó chiếm tỷ lệ lớn của nền kinh tế quốc dân (khoảng hơn 90%), nhiều loại hàng hóa như xà phòng, thuốc lá... trước đây làm bao nhiêu cũng không đủ thì bây giờ ế, công nhân phải đẩy xe đi các ngõ ở Hà Nội để bán. Tình trạng này dẫn đến thất nghiệp, nhiều người phải về hưu một cục.</p><p class="Normal"> Trong thời gian ngắn hàng loạt xí nghiệp đóng cửa, khoảng 600.000 công nhân mất việc. Cái giá phải trả cho chống lạm phát đắt như vậy nên nó dội lên Trung ương. Trong cuộc họp cấp cao, có ý kiến nói “Việt Nam không thể lạm phát thấp thế này được, tối thiểu phải 5% mỗi tháng. Bây giờ lạm phát cả năm chỉ có 35%, nhưng hàng hoá bán không được, công nhân thất nghiệp nảy sinh nhiều vấn đề xã hội”. Sự cọ xát bên trong lúc đó rất dữ dội.</p><p class="Normal"> Nhưng ông Đỗ Mười và nhiều lãnh đạo khác vẫn tiếp tục thực hiện các giải pháp chống lạm phát theo đề án, tuy có điều chỉnh chút ít về mức độ.</p><p class="Normal"> Ông Đỗ Mười cương quyết “ngân hàng vay lấy mà cho vay, ngân sách thu lấy mà chi”. Tôi rất nhớ câu nói đơn giản nhưng có tính nguyên lý ấy. Cho đến nay, không phải ai cũng hiểu và làm đúng điều đó. Nhờ sự cương quyết này, đến năm 1992 lạm phát đã được kiểm soát còn hơn 10% và giảm dần về sau này.</p><p class="Normal"> Cũng trong năm 1989, Việt Nam lên kế hoạch nhập khẩu 200.000 tấn lương thực thì mới đủ ăn cho cả nước, nhưng kết quả là không phải nhập mà còn dư xuất khẩu khi đã dự trữ 500.000 tấn và số ngoại tệ có thể đủ nhập thêm 500.000 tấn nữa khi cần thiết. Đây là cuộc lội ngược dòng kỳ tích với quốc gia đang đói trở thành xuất khẩu gạo.</p> <figure data-size="false" itemprop="associatedMedia image" itemscope="" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" class="tplCaption"> <meta itemprop="url" content="https://web.archive.org/web/20230201093341/https://vcdn1-vnexpress.vnecdn.net/2018/10/02/42915240-2070844976311702-2526-2865-2959-1538474919.jpg?w=0&h=0&q=100&dpr=2&fit=crop&s=MaUrPGJyq-JQwThZHffq9w"> <meta itemprop="width" content="500"> <meta itemprop="height" content="0"> <meta itemprop="href" content=""> <div class="fig-picture"><picture>  <source data-srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20230201093341im_/https://vcdn1-vnexpress.vnecdn.net/2018/10/02/42915240-2070844976311702-2526-2865-2959-1538474919.jpg?w=680&h=0&q=100&dpr=1&fit=crop&s=AML3G0aDHnZAwVANMJq-9A">  <img itemprop="contentUrl" style="position: relative !important;float: left;left: 50% !important;transform: translateX(-50%);" loading="lazy" intrinsicsize="680x0" alt="Tổng bí thư Đỗ Mười tại Hội nghị trao đổi kinh nghiệm liên doanh với nước ngoài năm 1996. Ảnh tư liệu." class="lazy" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" data-src="https://web.archive.org/web/20230201093341/https://vcdn1-vnexpress.vnecdn.net/2018/10/02/42915240-2070844976311702-2526-2865-2959-1538474919.jpg?w=680&h=0&q=100&dpr=1&fit=crop&s=AML3G0aDHnZAwVANMJq-9A"> </picture></div> <figcaption itemprop="description"> <p class="Image"> Tổng bí thư Đỗ Mười (giữa) tại Hội nghị trao đổi kinh nghiệm liên doanh với nước ngoài năm 1996. <em>Ảnh tư liệu.</em></p> </figcaption> </figure><p class="Normal"> <strong>Cho phép trợ lý đi học ở Mỹ</strong></p><p class="Normal"> <em>- Được biết ông là trợ lý của lãnh đạo Đảng, Nhà nước đầu tiên đi du học một năm ở Harvard trong bối cảnh quan hệ Việt – Mỹ chưa được bình thường hóa. Câu chuyện đã diễn ra như thế nào?</em></p><p class="Normal"> - Đầu thập niên 1990, Việt Nam xây dựng chiến lược phát triển kinh tế - xã hội 10 năm (1991-2000). Ông Đỗ Mười chủ trì đề án này với tư cách Chủ tịch Hội đồng Bộ trưởng, còn Bộ Kế hoạch Đầu tư (lúc này là Ủy ban kế hoạch Nhà nước) do ông Phan Văn Khải làm Bộ trưởng trực tiếp biên soạn.</p><p class="Normal"> Cách xây dựng đề án cũng như trước đó, ông huy động trí tuệ của nhiều cơ quan, cá nhân, cuối cùng nhóm lại thành một tổ biên soạn. Đặc biệt lần này Chủ tịch Hội đồng Bộ trường đồng ý mời nhóm các giáo sư từ đại học Harvard tham gia ý kiến, lắng nghe các vấn đề về kinh tế thị trường, đẩy mạnh xuất khẩu, sản xuất trong nước các mặt hàng có thế mạnh để thay thế nhập khẩu... Lãi suất, tỉ giá dần được điều chỉnh theo tín hiệu thị trường.</p><p class="Normal"> Sau quá trình làm chiến lược 10 năm, các giáo sư Harvard đề nghị anh Phan Văn Khải tạo điều kiện cho tôi đi học ở Mỹ. Anh Khải viết thư cho ông Đỗ Mười. Cá nhân tôi cũng muốn đi. Nhưng không ngờ việc tôi đi học lại khó vậy. Khi tôi trình bày thì ông Đỗ Mười hỏi, “chú đi mấy năm”. Tôi nói, “thưa anh ít nhất là một năm, còn tốt nhất là 2 năm”. Ông bảo “tôi cho chú đi một năm thì chú về”.</p><p class="Normal"> Khi tôi làm thủ tục đi học, cơ quan chức năng theo thẩm quyền có ý kiến lo ngại ở vị trí công tác của tôi, khi sang Mỹ “có thể bị khai thác”. Mỹ thì đang cấm vận Việt Nam. Nhưng ông Đỗ Mười đã phê vào văn bản là, “chú Thuý không làm những việc liên quan đến an ninh, quốc phòng, có thể đi học được”.</p><p class="Normal"> Cuộc đời tôi vinh dự được giúp việc cố Tổng bí thư Đỗ Mười, có nhiều kỷ niệm không thể nào quên. Trong số đó, tôi ấn tượng với ông không chỉ là người lăn lộn thực tiễn, biết lắng nghe, tập hợp trí tuệ mà trong lúc bận rộn với công việc chỉ đạo, điều hành vẫn luôn dành thời gian tự nghiên cứu. Ông đọc rất nhiều tài liệu cả trong và ngoài nước. Hễ có thời gian rỗi lúc nào là ông tranh thủ đọc.</p><p class="Normal"> Sách vở đối với ông là quà quý nhất. Năm 1988, trường đại học Kinh tế quốc dân dịch cuốn giáo trình kinh tế học của Đại học Yale Mỹ có biếu ông một bản. Sau này tôi thấy ông đọc rất kỹ, gạch chân những chỗ chú ý, trao đổi một số vấn đề trong sách mà thậm chí tôi cũng chưa hiểu được...</p><p class="Normal"> Khi đã thôi làm Tổng bí thư, một lần tôi đến thăm, ông đưa ra cuốn sách “Chiến tranh tiền tệ” và hỏi “chú đọc quyển này chưa”.</p><p class="Normal"> Có lẽ trong số lãnh đạo mà tôi được biết, ông là người đọc nhiều nhất, học hỏi nhiều nhất và vì vậy ông đã thay đổi được rất nhiều về tư duy. Đặc biệt, ông luôn gắn với thực tiễn và lấy thực tiễn để soi rọi những nguyên lý sách vở, điều chỉnh cho phù hợp.</p><p class="Normal"> Trên thế giới cũng như ở Việt Nam, không phải ý kiến nào của một nhà lãnh đạo cũng đúng, cũng mới; không phải quyết định thực tiễn của lãnh đạo thì không có mặt hạn chế. Nhưng với tôi, tâm huyết của nhà lãnh đạo Đỗ Mười với đất nước và việc lắng nghe ý kiến của chuyên gia, đồng chí, đồng nghiệp đã giúp ông làm xuất sắc nhiệm vụ của mình và nay ông ra đi thanh thản.</p><div class="box_brief_info"> <p class="Normal"> Nguyên Tổng Bí thư Đỗ Mười từ trần hồi 23h12 ngày 1/10, tại Bệnh viện Trung ương Quân đội 108, hưởng thọ 101 tuổi. Ông tên thật là Nguyễn Duy Cống, sinh ngày 2/2/1917, quê ở xã Đông Mỹ, huyện Thanh Trì, Hà Nội.</p> <p class="Normal"> Nguyên Tổng bí thư được tôi luyện qua các cuộc kháng chiến cứu nước và các giai đoạn xây dựng, phát triển kinh tế - xã hội, bảo vệ Tổ quốc.</p> <p class="Normal"> Tháng 9/1960, tại Đại hội Đại biểu toàn quốc lần thứ III của Đảng Lao động Việt Nam, ông Đỗ Mười được bầu là Uỷ viên Ban Chấp hành Trung ương Đảng.</p> <p class="Normal"> Tháng 12/1986, tại Đại hội Đảng lần thứ VI, ông được bầu vào Ban chấp hành Trung ương, Uỷ viên Bộ chính trị và Thường trực Ban bí thư. Hai năm sau, Quốc hội bầu ông giữ chức Chủ tịch Hội đồng Bộ trưởng.</p> <p class="Normal"> Tại Đại hội Đảng lần thứ VII và VIII, ông Đỗ Mười được bầu vào Ban chấp hành Trung ương, Uỷ viên Bộ chính trị, giữ chức Tổng bí thư Ban chấp hành Trung ương Đảng (6/1991 - 12/1997).</p> <p class="Normal"> Ông là đại biểu Quốc hội các khoá II, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX và được trao tặng huy hiệu 80 năm tuổi Đảng.</p> </div><ul class="list-news hidden" data-campaign="Box-Related"><li data-id="3813508"><a data-medium="Item-1" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230201093341/https://vnexpress.net/nguyen-tong-bi-thu-do-muoi-qua-doi-3813508.html" title="Nguyên Tổng bí thư Đỗ Mười qua đời">Nguyên Tổng bí thư Đỗ Mười qua đời</a><span class="meta-news"> <a class="count_cmt" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230201093341/https://vnexpress.net/nguyen-tong-bi-thu-do-muoi-qua-doi-3813508.html#box_comment_vne" style="white-space: nowrap; display: none;"> <svg class="ic ic-comment"><use 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