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cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Търсене в Уикипедия" aria-label="Търсене в Уикипедия" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Претърсване на Уикипедия [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Специални:Търсене"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Търсене</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Лични инструменти"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Облик"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Облик" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Облик</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_bg.wikipedia.org&uselang=bg" class=""><span>Направете дарение</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8:%D0%A1%D1%8A%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B0&returnto=%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B3%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Насърчаваме Ви да си създадете сметка и да влезете, въпреки че не е задължително." class=""><span>Създаване на сметка</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8:%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8_%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5&returnto=%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B3%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Препоръчваме Ви да влезете, въпреки, че не е задължително. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Влизане</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Допълнителни опции" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Лични инструменти" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Лични инструменти</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Потребителско меню" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_bg.wikipedia.org&uselang=bg"><span>Направете дарение</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8:%D0%A1%D1%8A%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B0&returnto=%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B3%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Насърчаваме Ви да си създадете сметка и да влезете, въпреки че не е задължително."><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Създаване на сметка</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8:%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8_%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5&returnto=%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B3%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Препоръчваме Ви да влезете, въпреки, че не е задължително. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Влизане</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Страници за излезли от системата редактори <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%89:%D0%92%D1%8A%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5" aria-label="Научете повече за редактирането"><span>научете повече</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8:%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B8" title="Списък на промените, направени от този IP адрес [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Приноси</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8:%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Дискусия относно редакциите от този адрес [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Беседа</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Сайт"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Съдържание" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Съдържание</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">преместване към страничната лента</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">скриване</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Начало</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Класификация_на_животните_според_топлинните_характеристики" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Класификация_на_животните_според_топлинните_характеристики"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Класификация на животните според топлинните характеристики</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Класификация_на_животните_според_топлинните_характеристики-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Превключване на подраздел Класификация на животните според топлинните характеристики</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Класификация_на_животните_според_топлинните_характеристики-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Ендотермия_и_ектотермия" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ендотермия_и_ектотермия"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Ендотермия и ектотермия</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ендотермия_и_ектотермия-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Гръбначни" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Гръбначни"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Гръбначни</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Гръбначни-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Превключване на подраздел Гръбначни</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Гръбначни-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Мозъчен_контрол" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Мозъчен_контрол"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Мозъчен контрол</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Мозъчен_контрол-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-При_птиците_и_бозайниците" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#При_птиците_и_бозайниците"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>При птиците и бозайниците</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-При_птиците_и_бозайниците-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-При_хората" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#При_хората"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>При хората</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-При_хората-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-При_растенията" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#При_растенията"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>При растенията</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-При_растенията-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Поведенческа_терморегулация" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Поведенческа_терморегулация"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Поведенческа терморегулация</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Поведенческа_терморегулация-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Превключване на подраздел Поведенческа терморегулация</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Поведенческа_терморегулация-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Хибернация,_естивация_и_торпор" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Хибернация,_естивация_и_торпор"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Хибернация, естивация и торпор</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Хибернация,_естивация_и_торпор-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Източници" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Източници"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Източници</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Източници-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Съдържание" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Скриване/показване на съдържанието" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Скриване/показване на съдържанието</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Терморегулация</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Към статията на друг език. Налична на 51 езика" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-51" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">51 езика</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperatuurregulering_(biologie)" title="Temperatuurregulering (biologie) – африканс" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Temperatuurregulering (biologie)" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="африканс" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%B8%D9%8A%D9%85_%D8%AD%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A" title="تنظيم حراري – арабски" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="تنظيم حراري" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="арабски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Termorequlyasiya" title="Termorequlyasiya – азербайджански" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Termorequlyasiya" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="азербайджански" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%B3%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Тэрмарэгуляцыя – беларуски" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Тэрмарэгуляцыя" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="беларуски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Termoregulacija" title="Termoregulacija – босненски" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Termoregulacija" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="босненски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Termoregulaci%C3%B3" title="Termoregulació – каталонски" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Termoregulació" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="каталонски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%95%DB%8E%DA%A9%D8%AE%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%86%DB%8C_%D9%BE%D9%84%DB%95%DB%8C_%DA%AF%DB%95%D8%B1%D9%85%DB%8C" title="ڕێکخستنی پلەی گەرمی – кюрдски (централен)" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ڕێکخستنی پلەی گەرمی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="кюрдски (централен)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Termoregulace" title="Termoregulace – чешки" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Termoregulace" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="чешки" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Varmeregulering" title="Varmeregulering – датски" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Varmeregulering" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="датски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermoregulation" title="Thermoregulation – немски" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Thermoregulation" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="немски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%98%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%BC%CE%BF%CF%81%CF%8D%CE%B8%CE%BC%CE%B9%CF%83%CE%B7" title="Θερμορύθμιση – гръцки" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Θερμορύθμιση" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="гръцки" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermoregulation" title="Thermoregulation – английски" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Thermoregulation" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="английски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Termoregulado" title="Termoregulado – есперанто" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Termoregulado" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="есперанто" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Termorregulaci%C3%B3n" title="Termorregulación – испански" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Termorregulación" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="испански" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Termoregulatsioon" title="Termoregulatsioon – естонски" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Termoregulatsioon" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="естонски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%B8%DB%8C%D9%85_%D8%AF%D9%85%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C" title="تنظیم دمایی – персийски" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="تنظیم دمایی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="персийски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A4mm%C3%B6ns%C3%A4%C3%A4tely" title="Lämmönsäätely – фински" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Lämmönsäätely" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="фински" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermor%C3%A9gulation" title="Thermorégulation – френски" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Thermorégulation" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="френски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Termorregulaci%C3%B3n" title="Termorregulación – галисийски" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Termorregulación" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="галисийски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%AA%D7%A8%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%92%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%A6%D7%99%D7%94" title="תרמורגולציה – иврит" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="תרמורגולציה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="иврит" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%8A%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE" title="प्राणिऊष्मा – хинди" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="प्राणिऊष्मा" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="хинди" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C5%91szab%C3%A1lyoz%C3%A1s" title="Hőszabályozás – унгарски" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Hőszabályozás" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="унгарски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8B%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A3%D5%A1%D5%BE%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B4" title="Ջերմակարգավորում – арменски" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ջերմակարգավորում" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="арменски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Termoregulasi_hewan" title="Termoregulasi hewan – индонезийски" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Termoregulasi hewan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="индонезийски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalorala_regulado" title="Kalorala regulado – идо" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Kalorala regulado" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="идо" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Termoregolazione" title="Termoregolazione – италиански" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Termoregolazione" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="италиански" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B3%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Терморегуляция – казахски" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Терморегуляция" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="казахски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%B2%B4%EC%98%A8_%EC%A1%B0%EC%A0%88" title="체온 조절 – корейски" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="체온 조절" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="корейски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Termoreguliacija" title="Termoreguliacija – литовски" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Termoreguliacija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="литовски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Termoregul%C4%81cija" title="Termoregulācija – латвийски" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Termoregulācija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="латвийски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B3%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Терморегулација – македонски" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Терморегулација" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="македонски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pentermokawalaturan" title="Pentermokawalaturan – малайски" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Pentermokawalaturan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="малайски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermoregulatie" title="Thermoregulatie – нидерландски" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Thermoregulatie" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="нидерландски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Termoregulering" title="Termoregulering – норвежки (нюношк)" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Termoregulering" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="норвежки (нюношк)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%8D%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A3%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%8A%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BE" title="ਪ੍ਰਾਣੀਊਸ਼ਮਾ – пенджабски" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਪ੍ਰਾਣੀਊਸ਼ਮਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="пенджабски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Termoregulacja" title="Termoregulacja – полски" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Termoregulacja" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="полски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Termorregula%C3%A7%C3%A3o" title="Termorregulação – португалски" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Termorregulação" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="португалски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Termoreglare" title="Termoreglare – румънски" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Termoreglare" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="румънски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B3%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Терморегуляция – руски" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Терморегуляция" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="руски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermoregulation" title="Thermoregulation – шотландски" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Thermoregulation" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="шотландски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Termoregulacija" title="Termoregulacija – сърбохърватски" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Termoregulacija" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="сърбохърватски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermoregulation" title="Thermoregulation – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Thermoregulation" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Termoregulacija" title="Termoregulacija – словенски" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Termoregulacija" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="словенски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B3%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Терморегулација – сръбски" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Терморегулација" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="сръбски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Termoreglering" title="Termoreglering – шведски" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Termoreglering" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="шведски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%93%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2" title="การปรับอุณหภูมิกาย – тайски" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="การปรับอุณหภูมิกาย" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="тайски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Termoreg%C3%BClasyon" title="Termoregülasyon – турски" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Termoregülasyon" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="турски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B3%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%86%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Терморегуляція – украински" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Терморегуляція" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="украински" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90i%E1%BB%81u_h%C3%B2a_th%C3%A2n_nhi%E1%BB%87t" title="Điều hòa thân nhiệt – виетнамски" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Điều hòa thân nhiệt" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="виетнамски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%AB%94%E6%BA%AB%E8%AA%BF%E7%AF%80" title="體溫調節 – китайски" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="體溫調節" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="китайски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%AB%94%E6%BA%AB%E8%AA%BF%E7%AF%80" title="體溫調節 – кантонски" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="體溫調節" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="кантонски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q190259#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Редактиране на междуезиковите препратки" class="wbc-editpage">Редактиране</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Именни пространства"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B3%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Преглед на основната страница [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Статия</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B0:%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B3%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Беседа за страницата (страницата не съществува) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Беседа</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Промяна на езиковия вариант" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">български</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Прегледи"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B3%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F"><span>Преглед</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B3%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F&veaction=edit" title="Редактиране на страницата [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Редактиране</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B3%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F&action=edit" title="Редактиране на изходния код на страницата [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Редактиране на кода</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B3%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F&action=history" title="Предишни версии на страницата [h]" accesskey="h"><span>История</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Инструменти" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Инструменти</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Инструменти</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">преместване към страничната лента</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">скриване</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Допълнителни опции" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Действия </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B3%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F"><span>Преглед</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B3%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F&veaction=edit" title="Редактиране на страницата [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Редактиране</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B3%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F&action=edit" title="Редактиране на изходния код на страницата [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Редактиране на кода</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B3%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F&action=history"><span>История</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Основни </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8:%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BC/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B3%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Списък на всички страници, сочещи насам [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Какво сочи насам</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8:%D0%A1%D0%B2%D1%8A%D1%80%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B3%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" rel="nofollow" title="Последните промени на страници, сочени от тази страница [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Свързани промени</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/MediaWiki:Uploadtext" title="Качи файлове [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Качване на файл</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8:%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8" title="Списък на всички специални страници [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Специални страници</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B3%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F&oldid=12329964" title="Постоянна препратка към тази версия на страницата"><span>Постоянна препратка</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B3%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F&action=info" title="Повече за тази страница"><span>Информация за страницата</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8:%D0%A6%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5&page=%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B3%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F&id=12329964&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Информация за начините за цитиране на тази страница"><span>Цитиране на статията</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fbg.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25D0%25A2%25D0%25B5%25D1%2580%25D0%25BC%25D0%25BE%25D1%2580%25D0%25B5%25D0%25B3%25D1%2583%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B0%25D1%2586%25D0%25B8%25D1%258F"><span>Кратък URL адрес</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fbg.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25D0%25A2%25D0%25B5%25D1%2580%25D0%25BC%25D0%25BE%25D1%2580%25D0%25B5%25D0%25B3%25D1%2583%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B0%25D1%2586%25D0%25B8%25D1%258F"><span>Изтегляне на QR код</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Отпечатване/изнасяне </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8:Book&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B3%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F"><span>Създаване на книга</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8:DownloadAsPdf&page=%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B3%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F&action=show-download-screen"><span>Изтегляне като PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B3%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F&printable=yes" title="Версия за печат на страницата [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Версия за печат</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> В други проекти </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Thermoregulation" hreflang="en"><span>Общомедия</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q190259" title="Препратка към свързания обект от хранилището за данни [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Обект в Уикиданни</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Облик"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Облик</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">преместване към страничната лента</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">скриване</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">от Уикипедия, свободната енциклопедия</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="bg" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Wiki_ostrich.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Wiki_ostrich.jpg/220px-Wiki_ostrich.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="131" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Wiki_ostrich.jpg/330px-Wiki_ostrich.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/60/Wiki_ostrich.jpg 2x" data-file-width="404" data-file-height="240" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%D0%A9%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%81" title="Щраус">Щраусът</a> може да поддържа температурата си относително постоянна, макар околната среда да става много гореща през деня и студена през нощта.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Терморегулация</b> е способността на <a href="/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B7%D1%8A%D0%BC" title="Организъм">организма</a> да поддържа телесната си температура в определени граници, дори когато обкръжаващата температура е много различна. Вътрешната терморегулация е аспект на <a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0" title="Хомеостаза">хомеостазата</a> – състояние на динамична стабилност на вътрешните условия на организма, поддържано далеч от <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Топлинно равновесие (страницата не съществува)">топлинно равновесие</a> с околната среда.<sup id="cite_ref-БМЭ-Т-25_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-БМЭ-Т-25-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ако тялото не може да поддържа нормална температура и тя се повишава значително над нормалното, възниква състояние, наречено <a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="Хипертермия">хипертермия</a>. При хората това се случва, когато тялото е изложено на постоянни температури от около 55 °C, а при продължително излагане (над няколко часа) на тази температура смъртта е почти неизбежна. Противоположното състояние, когато телесната температура падне под нормата, се нарича <a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Хипотермия">хипотермия</a>. Това се случва, когато хомеостазисният контролен механизъм на топлина в тялото е в неизправност, което кара тялото да губи топлина по-бързо, отколкото я произвежда. Нормалната телесна температура на човека е около 37 °C и хипотермия настъпва, когато тази температура се понижи под 35 °C.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Обикновено причинена от продължително излагане на ниски температури, хипотермията се лекува чрез методи, целящи да повишат телесната температура към нормалните граници.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Получаването на точни данни за температурата на животните става възможно едва след изобретяването на <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8A%D1%80" title="Термометър">термометъра</a>. Тогава се откриват и локалните разлики, тъй като производството на топлина и загубата ѝ варират значително в различните части на тялото, въпреки че циркулацията на кръвта спомага за постигането на средна температура във вътрешните части. Следователно е важно да се идентифицират части на тялото, които най-близко отразяват температурата на <a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D1%8A%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%88%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Вътрешни органи">вътрешните органи</a>. Също така, за да могат резултатите да са сравними, измерванията също трябва да бъдат провеждани под сравними условия. Традиционно, <a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%83%D0%BC" class="mw-redirect" title="Ректум">ректумът</a> се счита, че най-точно отразява температурата на вътрешните органи, а в определени случаи или видове, това може да и <a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="Вагина">вагината</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="Уретра">уретрата</a> или <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%85%D1%83%D1%80" title="Пикочен мехур">пикочния мехур</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Chisholm_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chisholm-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Понякога, температурата на <a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Урина">урината</a>, докато излиза от уретрата, може да се използва за измерване на телесната температура. По-често, температурата се измерва в <a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Уста">устата</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="Подмишници">подмишниците</a> или <a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%88%D0%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="Уши">ушите</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Chisholm_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chisholm-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Някои животни изпитват различни форми на състояние на покой, при които терморегулационният процес временно позволява на телесната температура да спадне и така да се спести енергия. Примерите включват <a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Хибернация">хибернация</a> при <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Мечки">мечките</a> и <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B0" title="Анабиоза">анабиоза</a> при <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%B8" title="Прилепи">прилепите</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Класификация_на_животните_според_топлинните_характеристики"><span id=".D0.9A.D0.BB.D0.B0.D1.81.D0.B8.D1.84.D0.B8.D0.BA.D0.B0.D1.86.D0.B8.D1.8F_.D0.BD.D0.B0_.D0.B6.D0.B8.D0.B2.D0.BE.D1.82.D0.BD.D0.B8.D1.82.D0.B5_.D1.81.D0.BF.D0.BE.D1.80.D0.B5.D0.B4_.D1.82.D0.BE.D0.BF.D0.BB.D0.B8.D0.BD.D0.BD.D0.B8.D1.82.D0.B5_.D1.85.D0.B0.D1.80.D0.B0.D0.BA.D1.82.D0.B5.D1.80.D0.B8.D1.81.D1.82.D0.B8.D0.BA.D0.B8"></span>Класификация на животните според топлинните характеристики</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B3%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Редактиране на раздел: Класификация на животните според топлинните характеристики" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>редактиране</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B3%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Класификация на животните според топлинните характеристики"><span>редактиране на кода</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:BFAL_SOTE_shade.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/BFAL_SOTE_shade.JPG/220px-BFAL_SOTE_shade.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/BFAL_SOTE_shade.JPG/330px-BFAL_SOTE_shade.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/BFAL_SOTE_shade.JPG/440px-BFAL_SOTE_shade.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption>Търсенето на сянка е един начин за охлаждане. Тук малки <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Саждена рибарка">саждени рибарки</a> използват сянката на <i><a href="/wiki/Phoebastria_nigripes" class="mw-redirect" title="Phoebastria nigripes">Phoebastria nigripes</a></i>.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ендотермия_и_ектотермия"><span id=".D0.95.D0.BD.D0.B4.D0.BE.D1.82.D0.B5.D1.80.D0.BC.D0.B8.D1.8F_.D0.B8_.D0.B5.D0.BA.D1.82.D0.BE.D1.82.D0.B5.D1.80.D0.BC.D0.B8.D1.8F"></span>Ендотермия и ектотермия</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B3%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Редактиране на раздел: Ендотермия и ектотермия" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>редактиране</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B3%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Ендотермия и ектотермия"><span>редактиране на кода</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Терморегулацията у организмите се провежда по спектър от ендотермия до ектотермия. Ендотермите създават повечето от топлината си чрез метаболитни процеси и разговорно се наричат топлокръвни. Когато обкръжаващите температури са ниски, ендотермите увеличават метаболично производството на топлина, за да поддържат температурата на тялото си постоянна, така правейки вътрешната телесна температура по-скоро независима от температурата на околната среда.<sup id="cite_ref-Khan_Academy_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Khan_Academy-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Една метаболична дейност, по отношение на произвеждането на топлина, която ендотермите могат да правят е това, че те притежават по-голям брой <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="Митохондрии">митохондрии</a> на клетка, отколкото ектотермите, което им позволява да произвеждат повече топлина чрез увеличаване на скоростта на метаболизиране на мазнини и захари.<sup id="cite_ref-Boundless_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Boundless-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ектотермите използват външни източници на температура, за да регулират собствената си телесна температура. Те разговорно се наричат студенокръвни, въпреки че тяхната телесна температура обикновено стои в границите на температурите при топлокръвните животни. Ектотермите са противоположността на ендотермите, когато става въпрос за регулация на вътрешната температура. При ектотермите вътрешните физиологични източници на топлина са с пренебрежимо значение, а най-големият фактор, който им позволява да поддържат адекватна телесна температура, се дължи на влияние от околната среда. Животът в зони с постоянна температура през годината, като тропиците и океана, е позволил на ектотермите да развият широк набор от поведенчески механизми, които им позволяват да реагират на външните температури, например чрез слънчеви бани за повишаване на телесната температура или чрез търсене на сянка за понижаването на телесната температура.<sup id="cite_ref-Boundless_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Boundless-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Khan_Academy_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Khan_Academy-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Повечето <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8" title="Бозайници">бозайници</a> са ендотерми, докато повечето <a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="Риби">риби</a> са ектотерми. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Гръбначни"><span id=".D0.93.D1.80.D1.8A.D0.B1.D0.BD.D0.B0.D1.87.D0.BD.D0.B8"></span>Гръбначни</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B3%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Редактиране на раздел: Гръбначни" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>редактиране</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B3%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Гръбначни"><span>редактиране на кода</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>От многобройни наблюдения върху <a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE_%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81" class="mw-redirect" title="Хомо сапиенс">хора</a> и други бозайници, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%A5%D1%8A%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%8A%D1%80_(%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Джон Хънтър (хирург) (страницата не съществува)">Джон Хънтър</a> показва, че основната разлика между топлокръвните и студенокръвните животни лежи в наблюдаваната постоянност на температурата на първите и в наблюдаваната променливост на температурата на последните. Почти всички птици и бозайници имат висока температура, която е почти постоянна и независима от обкръжаващата среда. Почти всички други животни показват променливост в телесната температура, която зависи от околната среда.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Мозъчен_контрол"><span id=".D0.9C.D0.BE.D0.B7.D1.8A.D1.87.D0.B5.D0.BD_.D0.BA.D0.BE.D0.BD.D1.82.D1.80.D0.BE.D0.BB"></span>Мозъчен контрол</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B3%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Редактиране на раздел: Мозъчен контрол" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>редактиране</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B3%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Мозъчен контрол"><span>редактиране на кода</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Терморегулацията както при ектотермите, така и при ендотермите, се управлява основно от преоптичната зона на <a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%83%D1%81" title="Хипоталамус">хипоталамуса</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Romanovsky_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Romanovsky-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Този контрол на температурата е отделен от чувството за температура.<sup id="cite_ref-Romanovsky_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Romanovsky-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="При_птиците_и_бозайниците"><span id=".D0.9F.D1.80.D0.B8_.D0.BF.D1.82.D0.B8.D1.86.D0.B8.D1.82.D0.B5_.D0.B8_.D0.B1.D0.BE.D0.B7.D0.B0.D0.B9.D0.BD.D0.B8.D1.86.D0.B8.D1.82.D0.B5"></span>При птиците и бозайниците</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B3%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Редактиране на раздел: При птиците и бозайниците" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>редактиране</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B3%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: При птиците и бозайниците"><span>редактиране на кода</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Kangaroo_licking_itself_to_cool.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Kangaroo_licking_itself_to_cool.jpg/220px-Kangaroo_licking_itself_to_cool.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Kangaroo_licking_itself_to_cool.jpg/330px-Kangaroo_licking_itself_to_cool.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Kangaroo_licking_itself_to_cool.jpg/440px-Kangaroo_licking_itself_to_cool.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1067" data-file-height="1600" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8" title="Кенгурови">Кенгуру</a> си ближе ръцете, за да се охлади в горещ ден.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Irish_Wolfhound_mix%2C_panting.ogv/220px--Irish_Wolfhound_mix%2C_panting.ogv.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="124" data-durationhint="51" data-mwtitle="Irish_Wolfhound_mix,_panting.ogv" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Irish_Wolfhound_mix,_panting.ogv"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/1e/Irish_Wolfhound_mix%2C_panting.ogv/Irish_Wolfhound_mix%2C_panting.ogv.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="854" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/1e/Irish_Wolfhound_mix%2C_panting.ogv/Irish_Wolfhound_mix%2C_panting.ogv.720p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="720p.vp9.webm" data-width="1280" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1e/Irish_Wolfhound_mix%2C_panting.ogv" type="video/ogg; codecs="theora, vorbis"" data-width="1280" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/1e/Irish_Wolfhound_mix%2C_panting.ogv/Irish_Wolfhound_mix%2C_panting.ogv.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="256" data-height="144" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/1e/Irish_Wolfhound_mix%2C_panting.ogv/Irish_Wolfhound_mix%2C_panting.ogv.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="426" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/1e/Irish_Wolfhound_mix%2C_panting.ogv/Irish_Wolfhound_mix%2C_panting.ogv.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/1e/Irish_Wolfhound_mix%2C_panting.ogv/Irish_Wolfhound_mix%2C_panting.ogv.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /></video></span><figcaption>Задъхано куче след интензивна физическа дейност.</figcaption></figure> <p>В студените среди, птиците и бозайниците използват следните адаптации и стратегии, за да сведат до минимум температурните загуби: </p> <ol><li>Използване на малки и гладки мускули, които са закрепени за пера и фоликули; това изкривява повърхността на кожата, карайки перата или космите да се изправят (<a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D1%8A%D1%85%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5" title="Настръхване">настръхване</a>), което забавя движението на въздуха около кожата и така намалявайки загубата на топлина.</li> <li>Увеличаване на размера на тялото с цел по-лесно поддържане на вътрешната температура (топлокръвните животни в студените климати обикновено са по-големи от видовете в по-топлите климати; <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Правило на Бергман (страницата не съществува)">правило на Бергман</a>).</li> <li>Способност за съхраняване на енергия под формата на мазнини за <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D1%8A%D0%BC" title="Метаболизъм">метаболизъм</a>.</li> <li>По-малки крайници.</li> <li>Противопоточен кръвен поток в крайници – това е където топлата артериална кръв, пътуваща към крайниците, преминава покрай студената венозна кръв от крайниците – става топлообмен.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ol> <p>В топлите среди, птици и бозайници използват следните адаптации и стратегии, за да увеличат максимално загубата на топлина: </p> <ol><li>Поведенчески адаптации като нощен живот и живот в дупки.</li> <li>Охлаждане чрез изпарение от изпотяване и задъхване.</li> <li>Съхраняване на резервите от мазнини на едно място (например в гърбицата на <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="Камила">камила</a>) с цел избягване на изолиращия ефект.</li> <li>Издължени крайници, които да провеждат телесна топлина към въздуха.</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="При_хората"><span id=".D0.9F.D1.80.D0.B8_.D1.85.D0.BE.D1.80.D0.B0.D1.82.D0.B0"></span>При хората</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B3%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Редактиране на раздел: При хората" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>редактиране</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B3%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: При хората"><span>редактиране на кода</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Както и при другите бозайници, терморегулацията е важен аспект от <a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0" title="Хомеостаза">хомеостазата</a> на човека. Повечето телесна топлина се генерира от дълбоките органи, особено черния дроб, мозъка и сърцето, а при свиване и от мускулите.<sup id="cite_ref-GuytonHall2006p80_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GuytonHall2006p80-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Хората са успели да се адаптират към голямо разнообразие от климати, включително горещи влажни и горещи пустинни. Високите температури представляват голям стрес за човешкото тяло, поставяйки го в голяма опасност от травма или дори смърт. Например, една от най-честите реакции към горещи температури е изтощение, което често води до замайване, припадане или ускорен пулс.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> За хората, адаптацията към различни климатични условия включва физиологични механизми, наследени от <a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8E%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Еволюция">еволюцията</a>, както и поведенчески механизми от съзнателни културни адаптации.<sup id="cite_ref-humanbiology3rded_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-humanbiology3rded-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Humanbiology&behaviour4thed_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Humanbiology&behaviour4thed-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Физиологичният контрол на телесната температура се случва основно благодарение на хипоталамуса, който играе ролята на телесен „термостат“. Този орган съдържа контролни механизми и ключови температурни сензори, които са свързани с нервни клетки, наричани терморецептори. Терморецепторите се разделят на две подкатегории: такива, които реагират на ниски температури, и такива, които реагират на високи температури. Разпръснати из тялото в периферната и централната нервна система, тези нервни клетки са чувствителни към промени в температурата и подават полезна информация към хипоталамуса чрез процеса на отрицателна <a href="/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D1%80%D1%8A%D0%B7%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Обратна връзка">обратна връзка</a>, като така се поддържа постоянна вътрешна телесна температура.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Съществуват пътя за загуба на топлина: <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Конвекция">конвекция</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82" class="mw-redirect" title="Топлопроводност">проводимост</a> и <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BB%D1%8A%D1%87%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5" title="Топлинно излъчване">излъчване</a>. Ако температурата на кожата е по-висока от тази на околната среда, тялото може да губи топлина чрез излъчване или проводимост. Но ако температурата на околната среда е по-висока от тази на кожата, тогава тялото получава топлина чрез излъчване и проводимост. При такива условия, единственият начин тялото да се отърве от излишната топлина е чрез изпарение. Следователно, когато околната температура е по-висока от тази на кожата, всичко, което пречи на адекватното изпарение, би накарало вътрешната телесна температура да се повиши.<sup id="cite_ref-GuytonHall2006pp891892_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GuytonHall2006pp891892-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> По време на интензивна физическа дейност (например <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82" title="Спорт">спорт</a>), изпарението е основният път на загуба на топлина.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Влажността засяга терморегулацията, като ограничава изпарението на <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%82" class="mw-redirect" title="Пот">потта</a> и следователно загубата на топлина.<sup id="cite_ref-textbookofmedicalphysiology5thed_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-textbookofmedicalphysiology5thed-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="При_растенията"><span id=".D0.9F.D1.80.D0.B8_.D1.80.D0.B0.D1.81.D1.82.D0.B5.D0.BD.D0.B8.D1.8F.D1.82.D0.B0"></span>При растенията</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B3%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Редактиране на раздел: При растенията" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>редактиране</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B3%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: При растенията"><span>редактиране на кода</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Термогенеза (страницата не съществува)">Термогенеза</a> се случва у цветовете на много растения от семейство <a href="/wiki/%D0%97%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8" title="Змиярникови">Змиярникови</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Minorsky_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Minorsky-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Освен това <a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%81" title="Индийски лотос">индийският лотос</a> (<i>Nelumbo nucifera</i>) има собствена терморегулация,<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> като поддържа средно 20 °C докато цъфти. Топлината се произвежда като се разбива нишестето, съдържащо се в корените им,<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> което изисква консумация на <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="Кислород">кислород</a> със скорост, приблизителна на тази на летящо <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8" title="Колиброви">колибри</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Едно възможно обяснение за растителната терморегулация е за да се предоставя защита срещу ниски температури. Например, <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Symplocarpus_foetidus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Symplocarpus foetidus (страницата не съществува)">Symplocarpus foetidus</a></i> не е студоустойчиво растение, но започва да расте и да цъфти, когато все още има снежна покривка.<sup id="cite_ref-Minorsky_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Minorsky-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Според друга теория, генерирането на топлина спомага за привличането на опрашители, тъй като често с произвеждането на топлина се наблюдава пристигането на бръмбари и мухи.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Поведенческа_терморегулация"><span id=".D0.9F.D0.BE.D0.B2.D0.B5.D0.B4.D0.B5.D0.BD.D1.87.D0.B5.D1.81.D0.BA.D0.B0_.D1.82.D0.B5.D1.80.D0.BC.D0.BE.D1.80.D0.B5.D0.B3.D1.83.D0.BB.D0.B0.D1.86.D0.B8.D1.8F"></span>Поведенческа терморегулация</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B3%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Редактиране на раздел: Поведенческа терморегулация" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>редактиране</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B3%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Поведенческа терморегулация"><span>редактиране на кода</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Smallhuddle.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Smallhuddle.jpg/220px-Smallhuddle.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Smallhuddle.jpg/330px-Smallhuddle.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Smallhuddle.jpg/440px-Smallhuddle.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2311" data-file-height="1651" /></a><figcaption>По време на студ много животни повишават топлинната си инерция чрез сгушване.</figcaption></figure> <p>Животните регулират и поддържат телесната си температура чрез физиологични приспособления и поведение. Пустинните гущери са ектотерми и са неспособни метаболично да контролират температурата си, но могат да го правят като се преместват от място на място. Могат да правят това като сутринта само си подават главата от дупката, а по-късно излагат цялото си тяло. Греейки се на слънце, гущерите абсорбират слънчева топлина. Те могат да абсорбират топлина и чрез топлопроводимостта на нагретите скали. За да намалят температурата си, гущерите проявяват различно поведение. <a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D1%80%D0%B3_(%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ерг (земна форма)">Ерговете</a> могат да достигат 57 °C и пясъчните гущери биха държали краката си във въздуха, за да се охлаждат, биха търсили студени обекти, към които да се прилепят, биха търсили сянка или биха се върнали по дупките си. Те също се скриват в дупките си, за да избегнат охлаждане, когато Слънцето залезе или температурите спаднат. Водните животни също могат поведенчески да регулират температурата си, като се преместват от място на място в температурния градиент.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Животните също така използват <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Клептотермия (страницата не съществува)">клептотермия</a>, при която споделят или дори крадат от телесната температура на друг индивид. При ендотерми като прилепи<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> и птици (например <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8_%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Птици мишки">птици мишки</a><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> и <a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Императорски пингвин">императорски пингвин</a><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) това позволява споделянето на телесна топлина (особено сред малките). Така индивидите могат да повишат топлинната си инерция и да понижат загубата на топлина.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Някои ектотерми споделят дупките си с други ектотерми, а други животни се възползват от купчините на <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8" title="Термити">термитите</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Някои животни, живеещи в студени среди, поддържат телесната си температура чрез предотвратяване на загубата на топлина. <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Козина">Козината</a> им расте по-гъста, за да се увеличи <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Топлоизолация">топлоизолацията</a>. Някои животни са регионално хетеротерми и са способни да излагат по-малко изолираните си крайници на температури, много по-ниски от вътрешната им телесна температура – около 0 °C. Това намалява топлинните загуби чрез по-малко излорани телесни части като крака (или копита) и нос. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Хибернация,_естивация_и_торпор"><span id=".D0.A5.D0.B8.D0.B1.D0.B5.D1.80.D0.BD.D0.B0.D1.86.D0.B8.D1.8F.2C_.D0.B5.D1.81.D1.82.D0.B8.D0.B2.D0.B0.D1.86.D0.B8.D1.8F_.D0.B8_.D1.82.D0.BE.D1.80.D0.BF.D0.BE.D1.80"></span>Хибернация, естивация и торпор</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B3%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Редактиране на раздел: Хибернация, естивация и торпор" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>редактиране</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B3%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Хибернация, естивация и торпор"><span>редактиране на кода</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>За да се справят с ограничената храна и ниските температури, някои бозайници <a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Хибернация">хибернират</a> през студените периоди. За да останат в „застой“ за дълги периоди, тези животни натрупват <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%8F%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Кафява мазнина (страницата не съществува)">кафява мазнина</a> и намалят всичките си телесни функции. Същинските хибернатори (например <a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%82" title="Горски мармот">горския мармот</a>) държат телесната си температура ниска по време на хибернация, докато вътрешната температурата на други хибернатори (например мечката) варира. Понякога, животните могат да излязат от бърлогата си за кратки интервали. </p><p><a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Естивация">Естивацията</a> е подобна на хибернацията, но обикновено се случва през горещи периоди, за да могат животните да избегнат високи температури и <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%94%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Десикация (страницата не съществува)">десикация</a>. Както животните на сушата, така и тези във водата могат да навлязат в естивация. Примерите включват <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Калинки">калинки</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Крокодили">крокодили</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Саламандри">саламандри</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Rhinella_marina" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhinella marina">Rhinella marina</a></i>,<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gopherus_agassizii&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gopherus agassizii (страницата не съществува)">Gopherus agassizii</a></i> и други.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Дневен <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Торпор (страницата не съществува)">торпор</a> възниква при малки ендотерми като <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%B8" title="Прилепи">прилепи</a> и <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8" title="Колиброви">колиброви</a>, при който временно се намалява високата метаболична скорост, за да се съхрани енергия.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Източници"><span id=".D0.98.D0.B7.D1.82.D0.BE.D1.87.D0.BD.D0.B8.D1.86.D0.B8"></span>Източници</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B3%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Редактиране на раздел: Източници" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>редактиране</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B3%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section's source code: Източници"><span>редактиране на кода</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-БМЭ-Т-25-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-БМЭ-Т-25_1-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFИванов_К.П1985" class="book" style="font-style:normal">Иванов К.П. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://бмэ.орг/index.php/ТЕРМОРЕГУЛЯЦИЯ">Терморегулация <i>(Терморегуляция)</i></a> //  <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%93%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Голямата медицинска енциклопедия (страницата не съществува)">Голямата медицинска енциклопедия</a> (в 30 тома). 3 издание. Т. 25. Теннис – Въглеродна киселина <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://бмэ.орг/index.php/Категория:Том_25"><i>(Теннис – Углекислота)</i></a>.  Москва, Издателство „Съветска енциклопедия“, 1985. с. 544. Посетен на 13 юли 2018.<span class="cite-lang"> <small style="color: var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">(на руски)</small></span></cite> <i><span style="color:blue; font-size:0.8em; cursor:help;" title="На руски език"><b>(</b>(ru)<b>)</b></span></i> </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="book" style="font-style:normal"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hypothermia/basics/definition/con-20020453">Hypothermia</a> //  Mayo Clinic.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="book" style="font-style:normal"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/what-is-hypothermia#1">Hypothermia: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment</a> //  WebMD.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Chisholm-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-Chisholm_4-0"><sup><i><b>а</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Chisholm_4-1"><sup><i><b>б</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFCambridge_University_Press1911" class="book" style="font-style:normal">Hugh Chisholm. Animal Heat //  <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclopædia_Britannica/Animal_Heat">Encyclopædia Britannica</a>. 11.  Cambridge University Press, 1911. с. 48 – 50.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Khan_Academy-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-Khan_Academy_5-0"><sup><i><b>а</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Khan_Academy_5-1"><sup><i><b>б</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="book" style="font-style:normal"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.khanacademy.org/science/biology/principles-of-physiology/metabolism-and-thermoregulation/a/endotherms-ectotherms">Khan Academy</a> //  Khan Academy.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Boundless-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-Boundless_6-0"><sup><i><b>а</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Boundless_6-1"><sup><i><b>б</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFBoundless20_септември_2016" class="book" style="font-style:normal">Boundless. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170404045811/https://www.boundless.com/biology/textbooks/boundless-biology-textbook/the-animal-body-basic-form-and-function-33/homeostasis-194/homeostasis-thermoregulation-743-11974/">Homeostasis: Thermoregulation</a> //  <i>Boundless</i>.  20 септември 2016.  Архивиран от <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.boundless.com/biology/textbooks/boundless-biology-textbook/the-animal-body-basic-form-and-function-33/homeostasis-194/homeostasis-thermoregulation-743-11974/">оригинала</a> на 2017-04-04. Посетен на 2018-04-17.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFCambridge_University_Press1911" class="book" style="font-style:normal">Hugh Chisholm. <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclopædia_Britannica/Animal_Heat">Animal Heat. Encyclopædia Britannica.</a> 11.  Cambridge University Press, 1911. с. 48 – 50.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Romanovsky-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-Romanovsky_8-0"><sup><i><b>а</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Romanovsky_8-1"><sup><i><b>б</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFRomanovsky2007" class="book" style="font-style:normal">Romanovsky, AA. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101031021531/http://ajpregu.physiology.org/cgi/reprint/292/1/R37">Functional architecture of the thermoregulatory system</a> //  <i>Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol</i> 292 (1).  2007. DOI:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00668.2006">10.1152/ajpregu.00668.2006</a>. с. R37–46.  Архивиран от <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ajpregu.physiology.org/cgi/reprint/292/1/R37">оригинала</a> на 2010-10-31.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFSwanMarch_1973" class="book" style="font-style:normal">Swan, K. G. Lumbar sympathectomy and cold acclimatization by the arctic wolf. Т. 177.  March 1973. DOI:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00000658-197303000-00008">10.1097/00000658-197303000-00008</a>. с. 286 – 292.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GuytonHall2006p80-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-GuytonHall2006p80_10-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFElsevier_Saunders2006" class="book" style="font-style:normal">Guyton, A.C., & Hall, J.E. Textbook of Medical Physiology. 11.  Philadelphia, Elsevier Saunders, 2006. с. 890.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">„Heat Exhaustion: Symptoms and Treatment“. WebMD.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Harmon, Katherine. „How Does a Heat Wave Affect the Human Body?“. Scientific American.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-humanbiology3rded-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-humanbiology3rded_13-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Harrison, G.A., Tanner, J.M., Pilbeam, D.R., & Baker, P.T. (1988) <i>Human Biology: An introduction to human evolution, variation, growth, and adaptability</i>. (3rd ed). Oxford: Oxford University Press</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Humanbiology&behaviour4thed-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Humanbiology&behaviour4thed_14-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Weiss, M.L., & Mann, A.E. (1985) <i>Human Biology and Behaviour: An anthropological perspective</i>. (4th ed). Boston: Little Brown</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-15">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Tansey, Etain A.; Johnson, Christopher D. (2015-09-01). „Recent advances in thermoregulation“. Advances in Physiology Education. 39 (3): 139 – 148. doi 10.1152/advan.00126.2014. 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Saunders</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Minorsky-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-Minorsky_20-0"><sup><i><b>а</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Minorsky_20-1"><sup><i><b>б</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFMinorskyмай_2003" class="book" style="font-style:normal">Minorsky, Peter V. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.plantphysiol.org/cgi/content/full/132/1/25">The Hot and the Classic</a>. Т. 132.  май 2003. DOI:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1104/pp.900071">10.1104/pp.900071</a>. с. 25 – 26.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-21">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="book" style="font-style:normal"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120507035352/http://www.me.berkeley.edu/ME212/lec6/i_Plants_Thermoregulation.pdf">Plants Thermoregulation</a>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-22">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFHoldrege2000" class="book" style="font-style:normal">Holdrege, Craig. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.natureinstitute.org/pub/ic/ic4/skunkcabbage.htm">Skunk Cabbage (Symplocarpus foetidus)</a>.  2000. с. 12 – 18.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-23">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFдекември_1972" class="book" style="font-style:normal"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/178/4066/1195?ijkey=dd3819980cc11bd54b2042f16aa2a938c57230b5&keytype2=tf_ipsecsha">Temperature Regulation by the Inflorescence of Philodendron</a>. Т. 178.  декември 1972. DOI:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.178.4066.1195">10.1126/science.178.4066.1195</a>. с. 1195 – 1197.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-24">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFGibernau2000" class="book" style="font-style:normal">Gibernau, Marc, Barabé, Denis. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.edb.ups-tlse.fr/equipe3/MG/publis/thermo.pdf">Thermogenesis in three Philodendron species (Araceae) of French Guiana</a>. Т. 78.  2000. DOI:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjb-78-5-685">10.1139/cjb-78-5-685</a>. с. 685.</cite><sup class="noprint plainlinks Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap">[<i><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot"><abbr title="Поставено от InternetArchiveBot – август 2024">неработеща препратка</abbr></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-25">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFWesthoff9_Oct_2014" class="book" style="font-style:normal">Westhoff, Jacob. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/eff.12192/abstract">Behavioural thermoregulation and bioenergetics of riverine smallmouth bass associated with ambient cold-period thermal refuge</a> //  <i>Ecology of Freshwater Fish</i> 25.  9 Oct 2014. DOI:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/eff.12192">10.1111/eff.12192</a>. с. 72 – 85.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-26">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFArends1995" class="book" style="font-style:normal">Arends, A и др. Basal rates of metabolism of nectarivorous bats (Phyllostomidae) from a semiarid thorn forest in Venezuela //  <i>J. Mammal.</i> 76.  1995. DOI:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1382765">10.2307/1382765</a>. с. 947 – 956.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-27">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFBrown1992" class="book" style="font-style:normal">Brown, C. R. и др. The thermal and energetic significance of clustering in the speckled mousebird, <i>Colius striatus</i> //  <i>Journal of Comparative Physiology B</i> 162 (7).  1992. 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DOI:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5193(89)80016-5">10.1016/S0022-5193(89)80016-5</a>. с. 181 – 189.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-30">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFEhmann1991" class="book" style="font-style:normal">Ehmann, H и др. Nesting, egg incubation and hatching by the heath monitor Varanus rosenbergi in a termite mound //  <i>Herpetofauna</i> 21.  1991. с. 17 – 24.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-31">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFKnapp2008" class="book" style="font-style:normal">Knapp, CR и др. Nesting Behavior and the Use of Termitaria by the Andros Iguana (Cyclura Cychlura Cychlura) //  <i>Journal of Herpetology</i> 42 (1).  2008. DOI:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1670/07-098.1">10.1670/07-098.1</a>. с. 46 – 53.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-32">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREF1962" class="book" style="font-style:normal">Kenneth S. Hagen. Biology and ecology of predaceous Coccinellidae //  <i>Annual Review of Entomology</i> 7.  1962. DOI:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.en.07.010162.001445">10.1146/annurev.en.07.010162.001445</a>. с. 289 – 326.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-33">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFAudubon_Guides29_септември_2009" class="book" style="font-style:normal">Bob Moore. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181121010717/http://www.audubonguides.com/article.html?id=27">Estivation: The Survial Siesta</a> //   Audubon Guides, 29 септември 2009.  Архивиран от <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.audubonguides.com/article.html?id=27">оригинала</a> на 2018-11-21. Посетен на 2018-04-17.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-34">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFPrentice_Hall2001" class="book" style="font-style:normal">F.H. Pough, R.M. Andrews, J.E. Cadle, M.L. Crump, A.H. Savitzky and K.D. Wells. Herpetology, second edition.  Upper Saddle River, New Jersey, Prentice Hall, 2001.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-35">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFStarr2005" class="book" style="font-style:normal">Starr, Cecie. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/?id=RtSpGV_Pl_0C&pg=PA639&dq=cold+temperatures+birds+minimize+heat+loss">Biology: Concepts and Applications</a>.  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