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</label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Jerrycan</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 21 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-21" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">21 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%B1%D9%83%D9%86" title="جركن – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="جركن" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerrycan" title="Jerrycan – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Jerrycan" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wehrmacht-Einheitskanister" title="Wehrmacht-Einheitskanister – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Wehrmacht-Einheitskanister" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B4eri-kanistro" title="Ĵeri-kanistro – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ĵeri-kanistro" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerrican" title="Jerrican – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Jerrican" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerrycan" title="Jerrycan – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Jerrycan" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A0%9C%EB%A6%AC%EC%BA%94" title="제리캔 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="제리캔" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeriken" title="Jeriken – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Jeriken" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%27%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%9F" title="ג'ריקן – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ג'ריקן" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerig%C3%A8n" title="Jerigèn – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Jerigèn" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerrican" title="Jerrican – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Jerrican" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9Czemanyagkanna" title="Üzemanyagkanna – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Üzemanyagkanna" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerrycan" title="Jerrycan – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Jerrycan" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8" title="जर्किन – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="जर्किन" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B8%E3%82%A7%E3%83%AA%E3%82%AB%E3%83%B3" title="ジェリカン – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ジェリカン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerrykanne" title="Jerrykanne – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Jerrykanne" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Канистра – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Канистра" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%DB%8E%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86" title="جێریکان – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="جێریکان" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerrykannu" title="Jerrykannu – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Jerrykannu" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeepdunk" title="Jeepdunk – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" 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<div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Robust pressed steel liquid container</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the Canadian band, see <a href="/wiki/The_Jerry_Cans" title="The Jerry Cans">The Jerry Cans</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jerrycan.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Jerrycan.JPG/220px-Jerrycan.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="230" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Jerrycan.JPG/330px-Jerrycan.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Jerrycan.JPG/440px-Jerrycan.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1408" data-file-height="1472" /></a><figcaption>Stamped indentations stiffen the sides and allow expansion of the contents. Different colours designate the contents.</figcaption></figure> <p>A <b>jerrycan</b> or <b>jerrican</b> (also styled <b>jerry can</b> or <b>jerri can</b>)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is a <a href="/wiki/Fuel_container" title="Fuel container">fuel container</a> made from pressed <a href="/wiki/Steel" title="Steel">steel</a> (and more recently, <a href="/wiki/High-density_polyethylene" title="High-density polyethylene">high density polyethylene</a>). It was designed in <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a> in the 1930s for military use to hold 20 litres (4.4 imp gal; 5.3 US gal) of fuel, and saw widespread use by both Germany and the <a href="/wiki/Allies_of_World_War_II" title="Allies of World War II">Allies</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Second_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second World War">Second World War</a>. </p><p>The development of the jerrycan was a significant improvement on earlier designs, which required tools and <a href="/wiki/Funnel" title="Funnel">funnels</a> to use, and it contained many innovative features for convenience of use and robustness. Today similar designs are used worldwide for fuel and water containers, in both military and civilian contexts. The designs usually emulate the original steel design, though some are also produced in plastic. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jerrycan&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The name of the jerrycan refers to its German origins, <i><a href="/wiki/Jerry_(WWII)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jerry (WWII)">Jerry</a></i> being slang for Germans.<sup id="cite_ref-reference_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-reference-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-etymonline_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-etymonline-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The design was <a href="/wiki/Reverse_engineered" class="mw-redirect" title="Reverse engineered">reverse engineered</a> and subsequently copied, with minor modifications, by the Allies during the Second World War. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="German_invention">German invention</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jerrycan&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: German invention"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Wehrmacht-einheitskanister.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Wehrmacht-einheitskanister.jpg/220px-Wehrmacht-einheitskanister.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Wehrmacht-einheitskanister.jpg/330px-Wehrmacht-einheitskanister.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Wehrmacht-einheitskanister.jpg/440px-Wehrmacht-einheitskanister.jpg 2x" data-file-width="787" data-file-height="543" /></a><figcaption>German containers for 20 litres of fuel. left: former container, right: <i>Wehrmacht-Einheitskanister</i> of 1941, manufacturer: <i>Nirona</i></figcaption></figure> <p>The <i>Wehrmacht-Einheitskanister</i>, as it was known in Germany, was first developed in 1937 by the Müller engineering firm in <a href="/wiki/Schwelm" title="Schwelm">Schwelm</a> to a design by their chief engineer Vinzenz Grünvogel.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A similar design was used in 1936 during the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Civil_War" title="Spanish Civil War">Spanish Civil War</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-free_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-free-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> where they had a company logo for Ambi-Budd Presswerk GmbH. Among others, the <a href="/wiki/Wehrmacht" title="Wehrmacht">Wehrmacht</a> had specified that a soldier should be able to carry either two full containers or four empty ones, which is the reason the triple handles were fitted. To achieve the required filling and draining speed, it was fitted with a large spout and flip top closure. A hole in the closure retainer made it possible to fit a securing pin or wire with a lead seal. The rectangular shape made it stackable. The recessed welded seam stiffened the container and protected the seam from impact damage. The indentations ensured a full can would not be severely damaged when falling from a vehicle, while a dip coat of paint on the inside protected it from corrosion. </p><p>By 1939 the German military had thousands of such cans stockpiled in anticipation of war. Motorised troops were issued the cans with lengths of rubber hose in order to siphon fuel from any available source, a way to aid their rapid <a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_Poland" title="Invasion of Poland">invasion of Poland</a> at the start of the Second World War.<sup id="cite_ref-daniel_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-daniel-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="American_adaptation">American adaptation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jerrycan&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: American adaptation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%22..._women_employed_at_Savannah_Quartermaster_Depot,_Savannah,_Georgia.%22,_ca._1943_-_NARA_-_522887.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/%22..._women_employed_at_Savannah_Quartermaster_Depot%2C_Savannah%2C_Georgia.%22%2C_ca._1943_-_NARA_-_522887.jpg/170px-%22..._women_employed_at_Savannah_Quartermaster_Depot%2C_Savannah%2C_Georgia.%22%2C_ca._1943_-_NARA_-_522887.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="210" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/%22..._women_employed_at_Savannah_Quartermaster_Depot%2C_Savannah%2C_Georgia.%22%2C_ca._1943_-_NARA_-_522887.jpg/255px-%22..._women_employed_at_Savannah_Quartermaster_Depot%2C_Savannah%2C_Georgia.%22%2C_ca._1943_-_NARA_-_522887.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/%22..._women_employed_at_Savannah_Quartermaster_Depot%2C_Savannah%2C_Georgia.%22%2C_ca._1943_-_NARA_-_522887.jpg/340px-%22..._women_employed_at_Savannah_Quartermaster_Depot%2C_Savannah%2C_Georgia.%22%2C_ca._1943_-_NARA_-_522887.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2423" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption>US-style jerrycans at Savannah Quartermaster Depot, Savannah, Georgia, 1943</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1939, American engineer Paul Pleiss had built a vehicle to journey to India with his German colleague. After building the car, they realised they did not have any storage for emergency water. The German engineer had access to the stockpile of jerrycans at <a href="/wiki/Berlin_Tempelhof_Airport" title="Berlin Tempelhof Airport">Berlin Tempelhof Airport</a> and managed to take three of them. The German engineer also gave Pleiss complete specifications for the manufacture of the can.<sup id="cite_ref-daniel_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-daniel-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pleiss continued on to <a href="/wiki/Calcutta" class="mw-redirect" title="Calcutta">Calcutta</a>, put his car in storage, and flew back to <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a>, where he told American military officials about the can. He could raise no interest.<sup id="cite_ref-daniel_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-daniel-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Without a sample, he realised he could not get anywhere. He eventually shipped the car to <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York</a> by a roundabout method, and sent a can to <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington</a>. The War Department decided instead to use <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a> ten-US-gallon (38 L; 8.3 imp gal) cans with two screw closures, which required both a <a href="/wiki/Spanner" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanner">spanner</a> and funnel for pouring.<sup id="cite_ref-daniel_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-daniel-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The one jerrycan in American possession was sent to <a href="/wiki/Fort_Holabird" title="Fort Holabird">Camp Holabird</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maryland" title="Maryland">Maryland</a>, where it was redesigned. The new design retained the handles, size and shape, but is most easily distinguishable from the German original by the simplified 'X' - stiffening indentations in the sides of the can. The US can could be stacked interchangeably with German or British cans. The German recessed welded seam was replaced with rolled seams which were prone to leakage. For fuel cans, the lining was removed and a spanner and funnel were required.<sup id="cite_ref-daniel_6-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-daniel-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A similar water can was also adopted, with a flip-top lid and enamel lining. </p><p>The US-designed jerrycan was widely used by US Army and Marine Corps units. In all overseas theaters, fuel and other petroleum products represented about 50% of all supply needs, measured by weight.<sup id="cite_ref-green_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-green-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the European Theatre of Operations alone, over 19 million were required to support US forces by May 1945.<sup id="cite_ref-green_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-green-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The jerrycan played an important role in ensuring fuel supply to Allied operations. A single standard US 2.5 ton truck could carry 875 US gallons (3,310 L) of fuel loaded in jerrycans.<sup id="cite_ref-green_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-green-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> US logisticians requested over 1.3 million per month to replace losses; these cans were provided by US and British manufacturers, but supply could not keep up with demand.<sup id="cite_ref-green_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-green-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Loss of jerrycans in units was severe, with 3.5 million reported 'lost' in October 1944, for example.<sup id="cite_ref-green_7-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-green-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At one point in August 1944, lack of cans (caused by losses) limited the supply of fuel that could be brought forward to combat units, even though the fuel was available in rear areas.<sup id="cite_ref-green_7-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-green-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The US design was slightly lighter than the German can (10 pounds (4.5 kg) vs. 11.5 lb (5.2 kg) for the German version).<sup id="cite_ref-green_7-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-green-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability"><span title="The material near this tag failed verification of its source citation(s). (December 2023)">failed verification</span></a></i>]</sup> These fuel containers were subsequently used in all <a href="/wiki/Theater_(warfare)" title="Theater (warfare)">theatres of war</a> around the world.<sup id="cite_ref-daniel_6-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-daniel-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Such was the appreciation of the cans in the war effort that <a href="/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt">President Franklin Roosevelt</a> noted, "Without these cans it would have been impossible for our armies to cut their way across <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a> at a lightning pace which exceeded the German <a href="/wiki/Blitzkrieg" title="Blitzkrieg">Blitzkrieg</a> of 1940."<sup id="cite_ref-amazing_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-amazing-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="British_necessity">British necessity</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jerrycan&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: British necessity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:392px;max-width:392px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:211px;max-width:211px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:171px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Battle_of_Passchendaele,_July-november_1917_Q5718.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/The_Battle_of_Passchendaele%2C_July-november_1917_Q5718.jpg/209px-The_Battle_of_Passchendaele%2C_July-november_1917_Q5718.jpg" decoding="async" width="209" height="171" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/The_Battle_of_Passchendaele%2C_July-november_1917_Q5718.jpg/314px-The_Battle_of_Passchendaele%2C_July-november_1917_Q5718.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/The_Battle_of_Passchendaele%2C_July-november_1917_Q5718.jpg/418px-The_Battle_of_Passchendaele%2C_July-november_1917_Q5718.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3508" data-file-height="2875" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">British pressed steel, 2-imperial-gallon (9 L) petrol cans: Strong, but heavy and expensive (1917)</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:177px;max-width:177px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:171px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:The_British_Army_in_North_Africa_1942_E18640.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/The_British_Army_in_North_Africa_1942_E18640.jpg/175px-The_British_Army_in_North_Africa_1942_E18640.jpg" decoding="async" width="175" height="172" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/The_British_Army_in_North_Africa_1942_E18640.jpg/263px-The_British_Army_in_North_Africa_1942_E18640.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/The_British_Army_in_North_Africa_1942_E18640.jpg/350px-The_British_Army_in_North_Africa_1942_E18640.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1300" data-file-height="1276" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">British tin plate, 4-imperial-gallon (18 L) petrol tin ("<a href="/wiki/Flimsy" title="Flimsy">Flimsy</a>"). Inexpensive, but weak, with a tendency to leak (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1942</span>)</div></div></div></div></div> <p>At the beginning of the <a href="/wiki/Second_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second World War">Second World War</a> the <a href="/wiki/British_Army" title="British Army">British Army</a> was equipped with two simple fuel containers: the 2-imperial-gallon (9.1 L; 2.4 US gal) container made of pressed steel, and the 4-imperial-gallon (18 L; 4.8 US gal) container made from <a href="/wiki/Tin_plate" class="mw-redirect" title="Tin plate">tin plate</a>. The 2-gallon containers were relatively strong, but were expensive to produce. Manufactured primarily in Egypt, the 4-gallon containers were plentiful and inexpensive, but they had a tendency to leak after minor damage. Early 4-gallon containers were packed in pairs in wooden cases. When stacked, the timber framing protected the tins and prevented the upper layers of tins from crushing the lower. As the war progressed, the wooden case was replaced with either thin plywood or cardboard cases, neither of which provided much protection.<sup id="cite_ref-LRDG50_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LRDG50-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 4-gallon containers carrying fuel were hazardous to the cargo ships carrying them. The leaking fuel would accumulate in cargo holds. At least one such ship exploded.<sup id="cite_ref-green_7-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-green-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Though adequate for transport along European roads, the four-gallon containers proved extremely unsatisfactory during the <a href="/wiki/North_African_Campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="North African Campaign">North African Campaign</a>. The crimped or soldered seams easily split during transport, especially off-road over the rock-strewn deserts of North Africa.<sup id="cite_ref-norris_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-norris-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition, the containers were easily punctured by even minor trauma. Because of these problems the troops referred to the 4-gallon containers as <i><a href="/wiki/Flimsy" title="Flimsy">flimsies</a></i>. Transport of fuel over rough terrain often resulted in as much as 25% of the fuel being lost through seam failures or punctures.<sup id="cite_ref-LRDG50_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LRDG50-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Fuel leaks gave vehicles a propensity to catch fire. The containers were routinely discarded after a single use, and severely hampered the operation of the <a href="/wiki/British_Eighth_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="British Eighth Army">British Eighth Army</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-LRDG50_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LRDG50-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A more successful and popular use for the 4-gallon container was to convert it into a cooking stove, referred to as the '<a href="/wiki/Benghazi_burner" title="Benghazi burner">Benghazi burner</a>'. </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tleft"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:393px;max-width:393px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:177px;max-width:177px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:120px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:DUKW-and-crane-slapton-sands-1944.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/DUKW-and-crane-slapton-sands-1944.jpg/175px-DUKW-and-crane-slapton-sands-1944.jpg" decoding="async" width="175" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/DUKW-and-crane-slapton-sands-1944.jpg/263px-DUKW-and-crane-slapton-sands-1944.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/DUKW-and-crane-slapton-sands-1944.jpg/350px-DUKW-and-crane-slapton-sands-1944.jpg 2x" data-file-width="504" data-file-height="347" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">British fuel jerrycans used in April 1944 during training in England in preparation of the Allied landings in Normandy</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:123px;max-width:123px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:120px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:The_British_Army_in_the_United_Kingdom_1939-45_H30616.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/The_British_Army_in_the_United_Kingdom_1939-45_H30616.jpg/121px-The_British_Army_in_the_United_Kingdom_1939-45_H30616.jpg" decoding="async" width="121" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/The_British_Army_in_the_United_Kingdom_1939-45_H30616.jpg/182px-The_British_Army_in_the_United_Kingdom_1939-45_H30616.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/The_British_Army_in_the_United_Kingdom_1939-45_H30616.jpg/242px-The_British_Army_in_the_United_Kingdom_1939-45_H30616.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1300" data-file-height="1292" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">British soldier refueling a lorry with petrol from a jerrycan</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:87px;max-width:87px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:120px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Britische_copy_wehrmacht-einheitskanister_1943_jerrycan.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Britische_copy_wehrmacht-einheitskanister_1943_jerrycan.jpg/85px-Britische_copy_wehrmacht-einheitskanister_1943_jerrycan.jpg" decoding="async" width="85" height="121" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Britische_copy_wehrmacht-einheitskanister_1943_jerrycan.jpg/128px-Britische_copy_wehrmacht-einheitskanister_1943_jerrycan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Britische_copy_wehrmacht-einheitskanister_1943_jerrycan.jpg/170px-Britische_copy_wehrmacht-einheitskanister_1943_jerrycan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="394" data-file-height="560" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">British copy of the German design</div></div></div></div></div> <p>When the British Army first saw the German fuel cans during the <a href="/wiki/Norwegian_Campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Norwegian Campaign">Norwegian Campaign</a> in 1940, they immediately saw the advantages of the superior design. The three handles allowed easy handling by one or two people, or movement <a href="/wiki/Bucket_brigade" title="Bucket brigade">bucket brigade</a>-style. The handle design also allows for two empty cans to be carried in each hand, utilizing the outer handle. </p><p>The sides of the can were marked with cross-like indentations that strengthened the can while allowing the contents to expand, as did an air pocket under the handles when the can was filled correctly. This air pocket allowed the container to float if dropped in water.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Rather than a <a href="/wiki/Screw_cap" title="Screw cap">screw cap</a>, the containers used a cam lever release mechanism with a short spout secured with a <a href="/wiki/Flip-top" title="Flip-top">snap closure</a> and an air-pipe to the air pocket which enabled smooth pouring (which was omitted in some copies). The interior was also lined with an impervious plastic, first developed for steel beer barrels, that would allow the can to be used for either water or petrol. The can was welded and had a <a href="/wiki/Gasket" title="Gasket">gasket</a> for a leak-proof mouth. </p><p>The British used cans captured from the "<a href="/wiki/Jerry_(WWII)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jerry (WWII)">Jerries</a>" (slang for Germans), hence "jerrycans", in preference to their own containers as much as possible. Later in 1940, Pleiss was in London and British officers asked him about the design and manufacture of the jerrycan. Pleiss ordered the second of his three jerrycans flown to London.<sup id="cite_ref-daniel_6-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-daniel-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the <a href="/wiki/Operation_Crusader" title="Operation Crusader">second capture</a> of <a href="/wiki/Benghazi" title="Benghazi">Benghazi</a> at the end of 1941, large numbers of <a href="/wiki/Axis_Powers" class="mw-redirect" title="Axis Powers">Axis</a> jerrycans were captured, sufficient to equip some units such as the <a href="/wiki/Long_Range_Desert_Group" title="Long Range Desert Group">Long Range Desert Group</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-LRDG50_9-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LRDG50-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>British companies such as <a href="/wiki/Briggs_Manufacturing_Company" title="Briggs Manufacturing Company">Briggs Motor Bodies</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vauxhall_Motors" title="Vauxhall Motors">Vauxhall Motors</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Pressed_Steel_Company" title="Pressed Steel Company">Pressed Steel Company</a> manufactured copies of the German design. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Soviet_usage">Soviet usage</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jerrycan&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Soviet usage"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The strength of the <i>Wehrmachtskanister</i> was also recognised in the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a>. Its design was later copied and the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Army" title="Soviet Army">Soviet Army</a> accepted it as the standard container for liquids. This container is still being produced and used in modern Russia. In civilian use this container is used primarily for automotive fuel and lubricants.<sup id="cite_ref-molot_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-molot-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Design">Design</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jerrycan&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Design"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:312px;max-width:312px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:154px;max-width:154px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:202px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Jerrycan_Einmann_Tragweise.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="One hand on the middle handle on top of the can" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Jerrycan_Einmann_Tragweise.JPG/152px-Jerrycan_Einmann_Tragweise.JPG" decoding="async" width="152" height="203" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Jerrycan_Einmann_Tragweise.JPG/228px-Jerrycan_Einmann_Tragweise.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Jerrycan_Einmann_Tragweise.JPG/304px-Jerrycan_Einmann_Tragweise.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2736" data-file-height="3648" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Carried by one person</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:154px;max-width:154px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:202px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Jerrycan_Zweimann_Tragweise.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="One hand on each of handles on both sides of the can" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Jerrycan_Zweimann_Tragweise.JPG/152px-Jerrycan_Zweimann_Tragweise.JPG" decoding="async" width="152" height="203" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Jerrycan_Zweimann_Tragweise.JPG/228px-Jerrycan_Zweimann_Tragweise.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Jerrycan_Zweimann_Tragweise.JPG/304px-Jerrycan_Zweimann_Tragweise.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2736" data-file-height="3648" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Carried by two people</div></div></div></div></div> <p>Jerrycans typically have a rounded rectangular cross section with <a href="/wiki/Package_handle" title="Package handle">package handles</a>. Most have three handles: a center handle for one person carrying a lightweight can, two handles for a person lifting a full can, or two handles for two people to carry. The configuration of the three handles allows two empty jerrycans to be carried in one hand. </p><p>The cans were originally intended to be used as <a href="/wiki/Fuel_container" title="Fuel container">fuel containers</a>, but uses for the cans have expanded beyond this. Today, a can's use is denoted by its colouring, affixed labels and, occasionally, imprinted labelling on the container itself. This is to prevent contamination of the can's contents by mixing different fuels or mixing fuel with water. </p><p>The US version of the jerrycan is covered by military specification MIL-C-1283 F<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and has been produced since the early 1940s by a number of US manufacturers, according to a current manufacturer, Blitz.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/National_Stock_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="National Stock Number">National Stock Number</a> is 7240-00-222-3088. It is considered obsolete by a new A-A-59592 B specification, having been replaced with <a href="/wiki/High-density_polyethylene" title="High-density polyethylene">high-density polyethylene</a> versions.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Modern_use">Modern use</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jerrycan&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Modern use"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Strv_103c_a.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Strv_103c_a.jpg/220px-Strv_103c_a.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Strv_103c_a.jpg/330px-Strv_103c_a.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Strv_103c_a.jpg/440px-Strv_103c_a.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1720" data-file-height="1140" /></a><figcaption>Nine examples of a Swedish adaptation of the jerrycan are stored on each side of a <a href="/wiki/Stridsvagn_103C" class="mw-redirect" title="Stridsvagn 103C">Stridsvagn 103C</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The German design jerrycan is still a standard container for fuel and other liquids in the armies of the <a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a> countries. </p><p>Finnish designer <a href="/wiki/Eero_Rislakki" title="Eero Rislakki">Eero Rislakki</a> designed a plastic jerrycan in 1970 with a small screwable stopper on the top side behind the handle to allow air flowing in to ensure smooth fuel outflow. It is lighter than the original design yet almost as sturdy. It was quickly adopted by the Finnish armed forces, and is commercially available. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Current_regulations">Current regulations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jerrycan&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Current regulations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the United States, the jerrycan is defined by the Code of Federal Regulation, 49 CFR 171.8 as "a metal or plastic packaging of rectangular or polygonal cross-section".<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of 10 January 2009<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jerrycan&action=edit">[update]</a></sup> all portable fuel containers are required to conform to two new regulations:<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability"><span title="The material near this tag failed verification of its source citation(s). (March 2018)">failed verification</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <ol><li>They must meet new federal <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mobile_Source_Air_Toxics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mobile Source Air Toxics (page does not exist)">Mobile Source Air Toxics</a> regulations, based on the <a href="/wiki/California_Air_Resources_Board" title="California Air Resources Board">California Air Resources Board</a>'s regulations.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>They must meet the requirements of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Children%27s_Gasoline_Burn_Prevention_Act&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Children's Gasoline Burn Prevention Act (page does not exist)">Children's Gasoline Burn Prevention Act</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ol> <p>These new regulations do not apply to <a href="/wiki/Occupational_Safety_and_Health_Administration" title="Occupational Safety and Health Administration">OSHA</a>-approved metal safety containers, but rather to the common red plastic, portable gas cans. The regulations apply only to newly manufactured petrol cans, and there is no requirement on the part of users to discard their existing cans or to upgrade, although the EPA provides informational resources for implementing community Gas Can Exchange Programs.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Furthermore, in the state of California, the following colours are mandated:<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div><ol style="list-style-type:lower-alpha"><li>Gasoline: red;</li><li>Diesel: yellow; and</li><li>Kerosene: blue.</li></ol></div> <p>Per ASTM F852, the particular shades should be "medium <a href="/wiki/Yellow" title="Yellow">yellow</a>" and "<a href="/wiki/Shades_of_blue#Medium_blue" title="Shades of blue">medium blue</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The transportation of <a href="/wiki/Dangerous_goods" title="Dangerous goods">dangerous goods</a> (which includes liquid fuels) within Europe is governed by the UN <i><a href="/wiki/European_Agreement_concerning_the_International_Carriage_of_Dangerous_Goods_by_Road" class="mw-redirect" title="European Agreement concerning the International Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Road">European Agreement concerning the International Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Road</a></i> (ADR).<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The term "jerrican" is defined within Chapter 1.2 of the 2011 ADR as "a metal or plastics packaging of rectangular or polygonal cross-section with one or more orifices", a definition which includes the traditional jerrycan but which also covers a wide range of other packagings. The ADR sets performance standards for packaging and specifies what standard of packaging is required for each type of dangerous good, including petrol and diesel fuels. The traditional jerrycan is available in UN-marked approved versions which satisfy the requirements of the ADR. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jerrycan&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://blitzcan.se/">"Historien"</a>. <i>blitzcan</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 April</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=blitzcan&rft.atitle=Historien&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fblitzcan.se%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJerrycan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-reference-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-reference_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dictionary.reference.com/browse/jerrycan">"Definition and etymology of "jerrycan"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>dictionary.reference.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 April</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=dictionary.reference.com&rft.atitle=Definition+and+etymology+of+%22jerrycan%22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdictionary.reference.com%2Fbrowse%2Fjerrycan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJerrycan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-etymonline-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-etymonline_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.etymonline.com/word/Jerry">"Origin and meaning of jerry"</a>. <i>Online Etymology Dictionary</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 August</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Gas+Cans+%26%23124%3B+Improving+Air+Quality+in+Your+Community&rft.place=United+States&rft.pub=Environmental+Protection+Agency&rft.date=2006-06-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.epa.gov%2Fair%2Fcommunity%2Fdetails%2Fgascan.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJerrycan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCalifornia_Air_Resources_Board2005" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/California_Air_Resources_Board" title="California Air Resources Board">California Air Resources Board</a> (22 July 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.arb.ca.gov/regact/pfc/2005/cp501.pdf">"Certification Procedure 501 For Portable Fuel Containers And Spill-Proof Spouts"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Certification+Procedure+501+For+Portable+Fuel+Containers+And+Spill-Proof+Spouts&rft.date=2005-07-22&rft.au=California+Air+Resources+Board&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.arb.ca.gov%2Fregact%2Fpfc%2F2005%2Fcp501.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJerrycan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.astm.org/Standards/F852.htm">"ASTM F852-08: Standard Specification for Portable Gasoline Containers for Consumer Use"</a>. American Society for Testing and Materials. 2008. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1520%2FF0852-08">10.1520/F0852-08</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=ASTM+F852-08%3A+Standard+Specification+for+Portable+Gasoline+Containers+for+Consumer+Use&rft.pub=American+Society+for+Testing+and+Materials&rft.date=2008&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1520%2FF0852-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.astm.org%2FStandards%2FF852.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJerrycan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://live.unece.org/trans/danger/publi/adr/adr2011/11contentse.html">"ADR 2011 (files)"</a>. UNECE. 1 January 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 April</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=ADR+2011+%28files%29&rft.pub=UNECE&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flive.unece.org%2Ftrans%2Fdanger%2Fpubli%2Fadr%2Fadr2011%2F11contentse.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJerrycan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jerrycan&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Jerrycans" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Jerrycans">Jerrycans</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210709180746/http://www.olive-drab.com/od_mvg_jerry_can.php">"Jerry Cans"</a>. <i>Olive-Drab</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.olive-drab.com/od_mvg_jerry_can.php">the original</a> on 9 July 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Olive-Drab&rft.atitle=Jerry+Cans&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.olive-drab.com%2Fod_mvg_jerry_can.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJerrycan" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081227080651/http://www.wecowi.org/view/Wehrmachtskanister">"Wehrmachtskanister"</a>. <i>WeCoWi</i> (in German). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wecowi.org/view/Wehrmachtskanister">the original</a> on 27 December 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=WeCoWi&rft.atitle=Wehrmachtskanister&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wecowi.org%2Fview%2FWehrmachtskanister&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJerrycan" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNoe2010" class="citation web cs1">Noe, Rain (4 November 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.core77.com/blog/object_culture/the_wehrmachtkanister_aka_jerrycan_astonishingly_good_industrial_design_from_the_1930s_17788.asp">"The Wehrmachtkanister, a/k/a Jerrycan: Astonishingly good industrial design from the 1930s"</a>. <i>Core77</i>.</cite><span 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href="/wiki/Flour_sack" title="Flour sack">Flour sack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foam_food_container" title="Foam food container">Foam food container</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Food_packaging" title="Food packaging">Food packaging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuel_container" title="Fuel container">Fuel container</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gas_cylinder" title="Gas cylinder">Gas cylinder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glass_milk_bottle" title="Glass milk bottle">Glass milk bottle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Growler_(jug)" title="Growler (jug)">Growler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juicebox_(container)" class="mw-redirect" title="Juicebox (container)">Juicebox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Low_plastic_water_bottle" title="Low plastic water bottle">Low plastic water bottle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luxury_packaging" title="Luxury packaging">Luxury packaging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milk_bag" title="Milk bag">Milk bag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Optical_disc_packaging" title="Optical disc packaging">Optical disc packaging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oyster_pail" title="Oyster pail">Oyster pail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microwave_popcorn" title="Microwave popcorn">Popcorn bag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pharmaceutical_packaging" class="mw-redirect" title="Pharmaceutical packaging">Pharmaceutical packaging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plastic_milk_container" title="Plastic milk container">Plastic milk container</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purdue_Improved_Crop_Storage_bags" title="Purdue Improved Crop Storage bags">Purdue Improved Crop Storage bags</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sand_bag" class="mw-redirect" title="Sand bag">Sand bag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seasonal_packaging" title="Seasonal packaging">Seasonal packaging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-heating_food_packaging" title="Self-heating food packaging">Self-heating food packaging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Screw_cap_(wine)" title="Screw cap (wine)">Screw cap (wine)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Single-serve_coffee_container" title="Single-serve coffee container">Single-serve coffee container</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spray_paint" title="Spray paint">Spray paint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toothpaste_pump_dispenser" title="Toothpaste pump dispenser">Toothpaste pump dispenser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dosage_form" title="Dosage form">Unit dose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_bottle" title="Water bottle">Water bottle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wine_bottle" title="Wine bottle">Wine bottle</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Container" title="Container">Containers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aerosol_spray_dispenser" title="Aerosol spray dispenser">Aerosol spray dispenser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aluminium_bottle" title="Aluminium bottle">Aluminium bottle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aluminum_can" title="Aluminum can">Aluminum can</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ampoule" title="Ampoule">Ampoule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antistatic_bag" title="Antistatic bag">Antistatic bag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bag-in-box" title="Bag-in-box">Bag-in-box</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bag" title="Bag">Bag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barrel" title="Barrel">Barrel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biodegradable_bag" title="Biodegradable bag">Biodegradable bag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blister_pack" title="Blister pack">Blister pack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boil-in-bag" title="Boil-in-bag">Boil-in-bag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bottle" title="Bottle">Bottle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Box" title="Box">Box</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulk_box" title="Bulk box">Bulk box</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cage" title="Cage">Cage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Case_(goods)" title="Case (goods)">Case</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carboy" title="Carboy">Carboy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carton" title="Carton">Carton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chub_(container)" title="Chub (container)">Chub</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clamshell_(container)" title="Clamshell (container)">Clamshell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corrugated_box_design" title="Corrugated box design">Corrugated box design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crate" title="Crate">Crate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disposable_cup" title="Disposable cup">Disposable cup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drum_(container)" title="Drum (container)">Drum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Endcap" title="Endcap">Endcap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Envelope" title="Envelope">Envelope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euro_container" title="Euro container">Euro container</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flexible_intermediate_bulk_container" title="Flexible intermediate bulk container">Flexible intermediate bulk container</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flexible_tank" title="Flexible tank">Flexible tank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folding_carton" title="Folding carton">Folding carton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glass_bottle" title="Glass bottle">Glass bottle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gunny_sack" title="Gunny sack">Gunny sack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inhaler" title="Inhaler">Inhaler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insulated_shipping_container" title="Insulated shipping container">Insulated shipping container</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intermediate_bulk_container" title="Intermediate bulk container">Intermediate bulk container</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jar" title="Jar">Jar</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Jerrycan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jug" title="Jug">Jug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keg" title="Keg">Keg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesh_bag" class="mw-redirect" title="Mesh bag">Mesh bag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multilayered_packaging" title="Multilayered packaging">Multilayered packaging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multi-pack" title="Multi-pack">Multi-pack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Packet_(container)" title="Packet (container)">Packet (container)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Padded_envelope" title="Padded envelope">Padded envelope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pail_(container)" title="Pail (container)">Pail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paper_bag" title="Paper bag">Paper bag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paper_sack" class="mw-redirect" title="Paper sack">Paper sack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plastic_bag" title="Plastic bag">Plastic bag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plastic_bottle" title="Plastic bottle">Plastic bottle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Retort_pouch" title="Retort pouch">Retort pouch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salvage_drum" title="Salvage drum">Salvage drum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sachet" title="Sachet">Sachet</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Water_sachet" title="Water sachet">Water sachet</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Security_bag" title="Security bag">Security bag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shipping_container" title="Shipping container">Shipping container</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shipping_tube" title="Shipping tube">Shipping tube</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skin_pack" title="Skin pack">Skin pack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spray_bottle" title="Spray bottle">Spray bottle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squround" title="Squround">Squround</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stand-up_pouch" title="Stand-up pouch">Stand-up pouch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steel_and_tin_cans" title="Steel and tin cans">Steel and tin cans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetra_Brik" title="Tetra Brik">Tetra Brik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thermal_bag" title="Thermal bag">Thermal bag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tub_(container)" title="Tub (container)">Tub (container)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tube_(container)" title="Tube (container)">Tube</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unit_load" title="Unit load">Unit load</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vial" title="Vial">Vial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wooden_box" title="Wooden box">Wooden box</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Materials<br />and<br />components</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adhesive" title="Adhesive">Adhesive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aluminium_foil" title="Aluminium foil">Aluminium foil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bail_handle" title="Bail handle">Bail handle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bioplastic" title="Bioplastic">Bioplastic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biodegradable_plastic" title="Biodegradable plastic">Biodegradable plastic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BoPET" title="BoPET">BoPET</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bubble_wrap" title="Bubble wrap">Bubble wrap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bung" class="mw-redirect" title="Bung">Bung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cellophane" title="Cellophane">Cellophane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Closure_(container)" title="Closure (container)">Closure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coated_paper" title="Coated paper">Coated paper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coating" title="Coating">Coating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coextrusion#Coextrusion" class="mw-redirect" title="Coextrusion">Coextrusion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Container_glass" title="Container glass">Container glass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corrugated_fiberboard" title="Corrugated fiberboard">Corrugated fiberboard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corrugated_plastic" title="Corrugated plastic">Corrugated plastic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cushioning" class="mw-redirect" title="Cushioning">Cushioning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desiccant" title="Desiccant">Desiccant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Double_seam" title="Double seam">Double seam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flip-top" title="Flip-top">Flip-top</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foam_peanut" title="Foam peanut">Foam peanut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gel_pack" class="mw-redirect" title="Gel pack">Gel pack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hot-melt_adhesive" title="Hot-melt adhesive">Hot-melt adhesive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humidity_indicator_card" title="Humidity indicator card">Humidity indicator card</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kraft_paper" title="Kraft paper">Kraft paper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Label" title="Label">Label</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lid" title="Lid">Lid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linear_low-density_polyethylene" title="Linear low-density polyethylene">Linear low-density polyethylene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liquid_packaging_board" title="Liquid packaging board">Liquid packaging board</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Living_hinge" title="Living hinge">Living hinge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Low-density_polyethylene" title="Low-density polyethylene">Low-density polyethylene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meat_absorbent_pad" title="Meat absorbent pad">Meat absorbent pad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metallised_film" title="Metallised film">Metallised film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modified_atmosphere" title="Modified atmosphere">Modified atmosphere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molded_pulp" title="Molded pulp">Molded pulp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nonwoven_fabric" title="Nonwoven fabric">Nonwoven fabric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overwrap" title="Overwrap">Overwrap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxygen_scavenger" title="Oxygen scavenger">Oxygen scavenger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Package_handle" title="Package handle">Package handle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Packaging_gas" title="Packaging gas">Packaging gas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pallet" title="Pallet">Pallet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paper" title="Paper">Paper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paper_pallet" title="Paper pallet">Paper pallet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paperboard" title="Paperboard">Paperboard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plastic-coated_paper" class="mw-redirect" title="Plastic-coated paper">Plastic-coated paper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plastic_film" title="Plastic film">Plastic film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plastic_pallet" class="mw-redirect" title="Plastic pallet">Plastic pallet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plastic_wrap" title="Plastic wrap">Plastic wrap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polyester" title="Polyester">Polyester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polyethylene" title="Polyethylene">Polyethylene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polypropylene" title="Polypropylene">Polypropylene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pressure-sensitive_tape" title="Pressure-sensitive tape">Pressure-sensitive tape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pump_dispenser" title="Pump dispenser">Pump dispenser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Screw_cap" title="Screw cap">Screw cap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Screw_cap_(wine)" title="Screw cap (wine)">Screw cap (wine)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Security_printing" title="Security printing">Security printing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Security_tape" title="Security tape">Security tape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shock_detector" title="Shock detector">Shock detector</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shock_and_vibration_data_logger" title="Shock and vibration data logger">Shock and vibration data logger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shrink_wrap" title="Shrink wrap">Shrink wrap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slip_sheet" title="Slip sheet">Slip sheet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Staple_(fastener)" title="Staple (fastener)">Staple (fastener)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strapping" title="Strapping">Strapping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stretch_wrap" title="Stretch wrap">Stretch wrap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susceptor" title="Susceptor">Susceptor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamper-evident_band" title="Tamper-evident band">Tamper-evident band</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tear_tape" title="Tear tape">Tear tape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temperature_data_logger" title="Temperature data logger">Temperature data logger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time_temperature_indicator" title="Time temperature indicator">Time temperature indicator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tinning" title="Tinning">Tinplate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Velostat" title="Velostat">Velostat</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Processes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aseptic_processing" title="Aseptic processing">Aseptic processing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Authentication" title="Authentication">Authentication</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automatic_identification_and_data_capture" title="Automatic identification and data capture">Automatic identification and data capture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blow_fill_seal" title="Blow fill seal">Blow fill seal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blow_molding" title="Blow molding">Blow molding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calender" title="Calender">Calendering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canning" title="Canning">Canning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coating" title="Coating">Coating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Containerization" title="Containerization">Containerization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Converting" class="mw-redirect" title="Converting">Converting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corona_treatment" title="Corona treatment">Corona treatment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curtain_coating" title="Curtain coating">Curtain coating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Die_cutting_(web)" title="Die cutting (web)">Die cutting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Die_forming_(plastics)" title="Die forming (plastics)">Die forming (plastics)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electronic_article_surveillance" title="Electronic article surveillance">Electronic article surveillance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extrusion" title="Extrusion">Extrusion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extrusion_coating" title="Extrusion coating">Extrusion coating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flame_treatment" title="Flame treatment">Flame treatment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glass_production" title="Glass production">Glass production</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graphic_design" title="Graphic design">Graphic design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hazard_analysis_and_critical_control_points" title="Hazard analysis and critical control points">Hazard analysis and critical control points</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermetic_seal" title="Hermetic seal">Hermetic seal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Induction_sealing" title="Induction sealing">Induction sealing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Injection_moulding" title="Injection moulding">Injection moulding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lamination" title="Lamination">Lamination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laser_cutting" title="Laser cutting">Laser cutting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molding_(process)" title="Molding (process)">Molding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Package_tracking" title="Package tracking">Package tracking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papermaking" title="Papermaking">Papermaking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plastic_extrusion" title="Plastic extrusion">Plastic extrusion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plastic_welding" title="Plastic welding">Plastic welding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Printing" title="Printing">Printing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Product_development" class="mw-redirect" title="Product development">Product development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Production_control" title="Production control">Production control</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quality_assurance" title="Quality assurance">Quality assurance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio-frequency_identification" title="Radio-frequency identification">Radio-frequency identification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roll_slitting" title="Roll slitting">Roll slitting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shearing_(manufacturing)" title="Shearing (manufacturing)">Shearing (manufacturing)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thermoforming" title="Thermoforming">Thermoforming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Track_and_trace" title="Track and trace">Track and trace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultrasonic_welding" title="Ultrasonic welding">Ultrasonic welding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vacuum_forming" title="Vacuum forming">Vacuum forming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vacuum_packing" title="Vacuum packing">Vacuum packaging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verification_and_validation" title="Verification and validation">Verification and validation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Machinery</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barcode_printer" title="Barcode printer">Barcode printer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barcode_reader" title="Barcode reader">Barcode reader</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bottling_line" title="Bottling line">Bottling line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calender" title="Calender">Calender</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Can_seamer" title="Can seamer">Can seamer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cap_torque_tester" title="Cap torque tester">Cap torque tester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cartoning_machine" title="Cartoning machine">Cartoning machine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Case_sealer" title="Case sealer">Case sealer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Check_weigher" title="Check weigher">Check weigher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conveyor_system" title="Conveyor system">Conveyor system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drum_pump" title="Drum pump">Drum pump</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extended_core_stretch_wrapper" title="Extended core stretch wrapper">Extended core stretch wrapper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filler_(packaging)" title="Filler (packaging)">Filler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heat_gun" title="Heat gun">Heat gun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heat_sealer" title="Heat sealer">Heat sealer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industrial_robot" title="Industrial robot">Industrial robot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Injection_molding_machine" title="Injection molding machine">Injection molding machine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Label_printer_applicator" title="Label printer applicator">Label printer applicator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lineshaft_roller_conveyor" title="Lineshaft roller conveyor">Lineshaft roller conveyor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Logistics_automation" title="Logistics automation">Logistics automation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Material-handling_equipment" title="Material-handling equipment">Material-handling equipment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mechanical_brake_stretch_wrapper" title="Mechanical brake stretch wrapper">Mechanical brake stretch wrapper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multihead_weigher" title="Multihead weigher">Multihead weigher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orbital_stretch_wrapper" title="Orbital stretch wrapper">Orbital stretch wrapper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Packaging_machinery" title="Packaging machinery">Packaging machinery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pallet_inverter" title="Pallet inverter">Pallet inverter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palletizer" title="Palletizer">Palletizer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rotary_wheel_blow_molding_systems" title="Rotary wheel blow molding systems">Rotary wheel blow molding systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seed-counting_machine" title="Seed-counting machine">Seed-counting machine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shrink_tunnel" title="Shrink tunnel">Shrink tunnel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Staple_gun" title="Staple gun">Staple gun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tape_dispenser" title="Tape dispenser">Tape dispenser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turntable_stretch_wrapper" title="Turntable stretch wrapper">Turntable stretch wrapper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vertical_form_fill_sealing_machine" title="Vertical form fill sealing machine">Vertical form fill sealing machine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Environment,<br />post-use</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biodegradation" title="Biodegradation">Biodegradation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Can_collecting" title="Can collecting">Can collecting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Closed-loop_box_reuse" title="Closed-loop box reuse">Closed-loop box reuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_engineering" title="Environmental engineering">Environmental engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glass_recycling" title="Glass recycling">Glass recycling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industrial_ecology" title="Industrial ecology">Industrial ecology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Life-cycle_assessment" title="Life-cycle assessment">Life-cycle assessment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Litter" title="Litter">Litter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Packaging_waste" title="Packaging waste">Packaging waste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paper_recycling" title="Paper recycling">Paper recycling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PET_bottle_recycling" title="PET bottle recycling">PET bottle recycling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plastic_recycling" title="Plastic recycling">Plastic recycling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recycling" title="Recycling">Recycling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reusable_packaging" title="Reusable packaging">Reusable packaging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reverse_logistics" title="Reverse logistics">Reverse logistics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Source_reduction" title="Source reduction">Source reduction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_packaging" title="Sustainable packaging">Sustainable packaging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waste_management" title="Waste management">Waste management</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" 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