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aria-controls="toc-Geography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Geography subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Geology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Geology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Geology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Climate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Flora_and_fauna" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Flora_and_fauna"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Flora and fauna</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Flora_and_fauna-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Demographics</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Demographics subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Ancestry_and_immigration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ancestry_and_immigration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Ancestry and immigration</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ancestry_and_immigration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Language" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Language"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Language</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Language-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Religion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Economy</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Economy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Economy subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Tourism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tourism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Tourism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tourism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Government" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Government"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Government</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Government-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Government subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Government-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Secession" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Secession"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Secession</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Secession-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Local_government" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Local_government"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Local government</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Local_government-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Education</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Media" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Media"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Media</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Media-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Media subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Media-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Print" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Print"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Print</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Print-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Television" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Television"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Television</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Television-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Radio" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Radio"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3</span> <span>Radio</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Radio-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Culture</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Culture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Culture subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Arts_and_entertainment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Arts_and_entertainment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Arts and entertainment</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Arts_and_entertainment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Sport</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Wine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Wine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.3</span> <span>Wine</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Wine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sister_states" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sister_states"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Sister states</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sister_states-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-See_also-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle See also subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Lists" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lists"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.1</span> <span>Lists</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lists-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Western Australia</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 124 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-124" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">124 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wes-Australi%C3%AB" title="Wes-Australië – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Wes-Australië" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Westerne_Australand" title="Westerne Australand – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Westerne Australand" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="أستراليا الغربية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="أستراليا الغربية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australia_Occidental" title="Australia Occidental – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Australia Occidental" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australia_Occidental" title="Australia Occidental – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Australia Occidental" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Q%C9%99rbi_Avstraliya" title="Qərbi Avstraliya – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Qərbi Avstraliya" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%BA%D8%B1%D8%A8%DB%8C_%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="غربی اوسترالیا – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="غربی اوسترالیا" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ostrali_Kawan" title="Ostrali Kawan – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Ostrali Kawan" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AE_%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE" title="পশ্চিম অস্ট্রেলিয়া – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="পশ্চিম অস্ট্রেলিয়া" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sai_%C3%92-chiu" title="Sai Ò-chiu – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Sai Ò-chiu" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%8F%D1%8F_%D0%90%D1%9E%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Заходняя Аўстралія – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Заходняя Аўстралія" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%8F%D1%8F_%D0%90%D1%9E%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Заходняя Аўстралія – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Заходняя Аўстралія" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%90%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Западна Австралия – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Западна Австралия" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zapadna_Australija" title="Zapadna Australija – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Zapadna Australija" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aostralia_ar_C%27horn%C3%B4g" title="Aostralia ar C'hornôg – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Aostralia ar C'hornôg" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austr%C3%A0lia_Occidental" title="Austràlia Occidental – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Austràlia Occidental" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%C4%83%C3%A7_%D0%90%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Анăç Австрали – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Анăç Австрали" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_of_Western_Australia" title="State of Western Australia – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="State of Western Australia" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z%C3%A1padn%C3%AD_Austr%C3%A1lie" title="Západní Austrálie – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Západní Austrálie" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gorllewin_Awstralia" title="Gorllewin Awstralia – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Gorllewin Awstralia" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_Australia" title="Western Australia – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Western Australia" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A4%D8%B3%D8%B7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7_%D8%AF%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%B1%D8%A8" title="ؤسطراليا دلغرب – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="ؤسطراليا دلغرب" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_Australia" title="Western Australia – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Western Australia" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A4%C3%A4ne-Austraalia" title="Lääne-Austraalia – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Lääne-Austraalia" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%94%CF%85%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CE%91%CF%85%CF%83%CF%84%CF%81%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Δυτική Αυστραλία – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Δυτική Αυστραλία" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australia_Occidental" title="Australia Occidental – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Australia Occidental" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Okcidenta_A%C5%ADstralio" title="Okcidenta Aŭstralio – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Okcidenta Aŭstralio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mendebaldeko_Australia" title="Mendebaldeko Australia – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Mendebaldeko Australia" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D8%BA%D8%B1%D8%A8%DB%8C" title="استرالیای غربی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="استرالیای غربی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_Australia" title="Western Australia – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Western Australia" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vesturavstralia" title="Vesturavstralia – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Vesturavstralia" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australie-Occidentale" title="Australie-Occidentale – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Australie-Occidentale" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/West-Austraalje" title="West-Austraalje – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="West-Austraalje" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Astr%C3%A1il_Thiar" title="An Astráil Thiar – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="An Astráil Thiar" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yn_Austrail_Heear" title="Yn Austrail Heear – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Yn Austrail Heear" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astr%C3%A0ilia_an_Iar" title="Astràilia an Iar – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Astràilia an Iar" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australia_Occidental" title="Australia Occidental – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Australia Occidental" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9B%A8%EC%8A%A4%ED%84%B4%EC%98%A4%EC%8A%A4%ED%8A%B8%EB%A0%88%EC%9D%BC%EB%A6%AC%EC%95%84%EC%A3%BC" title="웨스턴오스트레일리아주 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="웨스턴오스트레일리아주" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%80%98Aukekulelia_Komohana" title="‘Aukekulelia Komohana – Hawaiian" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="‘Aukekulelia Komohana" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="Hawaiian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hawaiʻi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D6%80%D6%87%D5%B4%D5%BF%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D4%B1%D5%BE%D5%BD%D5%BF%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%AC%D5%AB%D5%A1_(%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%B0%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A3)" title="Արևմտյան Ավստրալիա (նահանգ) – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Արևմտյան Ավստրալիա (նահանգ)" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%91%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="वेस्टर्न ऑस्ट्रेलिया – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="वेस्टर्न ऑस्ट्रेलिया" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zapadna_Australija" title="Zapadna Australija – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Zapadna Australija" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akinlaud_nga_Australia" title="Akinlaud nga Australia – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Akinlaud nga Australia" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australia_Barat" title="Australia Barat – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Australia Barat" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%8B%D0%B3%D1%83%D1%8B%D0%BB%C3%A6%D0%BD_%D0%90%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Ныгуылæн Австрали – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Ныгуылæн Австрали" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vestur-%C3%81stral%C3%ADa" title="Vestur-Ástralía – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Vestur-Ástralía" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australia_Occidentale" title="Australia Occidentale – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Australia Occidentale" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%95%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%A8%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%94_%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%91%D7%99%D7%AA" title="אוסטרליה המערבית – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אוסטרליה המערבית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ostrali_Kulon" title="Ostrali Kulon – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Ostrali Kulon" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albugang_Australia" title="Albugang Australia – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Albugang Australia" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%93%E1%83%90%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%95%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%97%E1%83%98_%E1%83%90%E1%83%95%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="დასავლეთი ავსტრალია – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="დასავლეთი ავსტრალია" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australia_ya_Magharibi" title="Australia ya Magharibi – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Australia ya Magharibi" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%88_%D0%90%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%8F_(%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82)" title="Батыш Австралия (штат) – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Батыш Австралия (штат)" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australia_Occidentalis" title="Australia Occidentalis – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Australia Occidentalis" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rietumaustr%C4%81lija" title="Rietumaustrālija – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Rietumaustrālija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Westaustralien" title="Westaustralien – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Westaustralien" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vakar%C5%B3_Australija" title="Vakarų Australija – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Vakarų Australija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australia_O%C3%A7ident%C3%A2" title="Australia Oçidentâ – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Australia Oçidentâ" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wes-Australi%C3%AB" title="Wes-Australië – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Wes-Australië" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australia_Ocidental" title="Australia Ocidental – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Australia Ocidental" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nyugat-Ausztr%C3%A1lia" title="Nyugat-Ausztrália – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Nyugat-Ausztrália" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%90%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Западна Австралија – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Западна Австралија" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aostralia_Andrefana" title="Aostralia Andrefana – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Aostralia Andrefana" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%87%E0%B5%BA_%E0%B4%93%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF" title="വെസ്റ്റേൺ ഓസ്ട്രേലിയ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="വെസ്റ്റേൺ ഓസ്ട്രേലിയ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahitereiria_ki_te_Hau%C4%81uru" title="Ahitereiria ki te Hauāuru – Māori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Ahitereiria ki te Hauāuru" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Māori" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%91%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="वेस्टर्न ऑस्ट्रेलिया – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="वेस्टर्न ऑस्ट्रेलिया" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%91%E1%83%9F%E1%83%90%E1%83%93%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98_%E1%83%90%E1%83%95%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="ბჟადალი ავსტრალია – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ბჟადალი ავსტრალია" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="ويسترن اوستراليا – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ويسترن اوستراليا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%BA%D8%B1%D8%A8%DB%8C_%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="غربی استرالیا – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="غربی استرالیا" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australia_Barat" title="Australia Barat – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Australia Barat" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C4%83%CC%A4_%C3%93%CC%A4-ci%C5%AD" title="Să̤ Ó̤-ciŭ – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Să̤ Ó̤-ciŭ" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%83%D1%83%D0%BD_%D0%90%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Баруун Австрали – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Баруун Австрали" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%94%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%A9%E1%80%85%E1%80%90%E1%80%BC%E1%80%B1%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9C%E1%80%BB%E1%80%95%E1%80%BC%E1%80%8A%E1%80%BA%E1%80%94%E1%80%9A%E1%80%BA" title="အနောက်ဩစတြေးလျပြည်နယ် – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="အနောက်ဩစတြေးလျပြည်နယ်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ra_Ositerelia" title="Ra Ositerelia – Fijian" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Ra Ositerelia" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="Fijian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Na Vosa Vakaviti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/West-Australi%C3%AB" title="West-Australië – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="West-Australië" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="पश्चिमी अस्ट्रेलिया – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="पश्चिमी अस्ट्रेलिया" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E3%82%AA%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B9%E3%83%88%E3%83%A9%E3%83%AA%E3%82%A2%E5%B7%9E" title="西オーストラリア州 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="西オーストラリア州" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_Australia" title="Western Australia – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Western Australia" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pih mw-list-item"><a href="https://pih.wikipedia.org/wiki/Westen_Ostrielya" title="Westen Ostrielya – Norfuk / Pitkern" lang="pih" hreflang="pih" data-title="Westen Ostrielya" data-language-autonym="Norfuk / Pitkern" data-language-local-name="Norfuk / Pitkern" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norfuk / Pitkern</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vest-Australia" title="Vest-Australia – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Vest-Australia" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vest-Australia" title="Vest-Australia – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Vest-Australia" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austr%C3%A0lia_Occidentala" title="Austràlia Occidentala – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Austràlia Occidentala" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%CA%BBarbiy_Avstraliya" title="Gʻarbiy Avstraliya – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Gʻarbiy Avstraliya" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%9B%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%9F%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%86" title="ਪੱਛਮੀ ਆਸਟਰੇਲੀਆ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਪੱਛਮੀ ਆਸਟਰੇਲੀਆ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%DB%81%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7_%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%B9%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="لہندا اسٹریلیا – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="لہندا اسٹریلیا" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%AF%DB%8C%DA%81%D9%87_%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%BC%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="لویدیځه اسټرالیا – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="لویدیځه اسټرالیا" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a href="https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wes_Ostrelia" title="Wes Ostrelia – Tok Pisin" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi" data-title="Wes Ostrelia" data-language-autonym="Tok Pisin" data-language-local-name="Tok Pisin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tok Pisin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australia_Zachodnia" title="Australia Zachodnia – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Australia Zachodnia" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austr%C3%A1lia_Ocidental" title="Austrália Ocidental – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Austrália Ocidental" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australia_de_Vest" title="Australia de Vest – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Australia de Vest" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%90%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Западная Австралия – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Западная Австралия" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sm mw-list-item"><a href="https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ausetalia_i_Sisifo" title="Ausetalia i Sisifo – Samoan" lang="sm" hreflang="sm" data-title="Ausetalia i Sisifo" data-language-autonym="Gagana Samoa" data-language-local-name="Samoan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagana Samoa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austr%C3%A0lia_Otzidentale" title="Austràlia Otzidentale – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Austràlia Otzidentale" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wastren_Austrailie" title="Wastren Austrailie – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Wastren Austrailie" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_Australia" title="Western Australia – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Western Australia" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australia_Per%C3%ABndimore" title="Australia Perëndimore – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Australia Perëndimore" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B6%E0%B6%A7%E0%B7%84%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BB_%E0%B6%95%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%A7%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%9A%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" title="බටහිර ඕස්ට්‍රේලියාව – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="බටහිර ඕස්ට්‍රේලියාව" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_Australia" title="Western Australia – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Western Australia" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%84%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%A2%D8%B3%D9%BD%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="اولهائون آسٽريليا – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="اولهائون آسٽريليا" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z%C3%A1padn%C3%A1_Austr%C3%A1lia" title="Západná Austrália – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Západná Austrália" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zahodna_Avstralija" title="Zahodna Avstralija – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Zahodna Avstralija" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galbeed_Australia_(gobol)" title="Galbeed Australia (gobol) – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Galbeed Australia (gobol)" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A7%DB%8C_%DA%95%DB%86%DA%98%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%A7" title="ئوسترالیای ڕۆژاوا – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئوسترالیای ڕۆژاوا" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%90%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Западна Аустралија – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Западна Аустралија" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zapadna_Australija" title="Zapadna Australija – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Zapadna Australija" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A4nsi-Australia" title="Länsi-Australia – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Länsi-Australia" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_Australia" title="Western Australia – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Western Australia" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanlurang_Australia" title="Kanlurang Australia – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Kanlurang Australia" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81_%E0%AE%86%E0%AE%B8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BE" title="மேற்கு ஆஸ்திரேலியா – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="மேற்கு ஆஸ்திரேலியா" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Us%E1%B9%ADralya_Tutrimt" title="Usṭralya Tutrimt – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Usṭralya Tutrimt" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2" title="รัฐเวสเทิร์นออสเตรเลีย – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="รัฐเวสเทิร์นออสเตรเลีย" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-to mw-list-item"><a href="https://to.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CA%BBAositel%C4%93lia_Hihifo" title="ʻAositelēlia Hihifo – Tongan" lang="to" hreflang="to" data-title="ʻAositelēlia Hihifo" data-language-autonym="Lea faka-Tonga" data-language-local-name="Tongan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lea faka-Tonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bat%C4%B1_Avustralya" title="Batı Avustralya – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Batı Avustralya" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%96%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%90%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Західна Австралія – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Західна Австралія" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%BA%D8%B1%D8%A8%DB%8C_%D8%A2%D8%B3%D9%B9%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="مغربی آسٹریلیا – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="مغربی آسٹریلیا" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link 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class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_Australia" title="Western Australia – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Western Australia" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E6%BE%B3%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%E5%B7%9E" title="西澳大利亚州 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="西澳大利亚州" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E6%BE%B3%E6%B4%B2" title="西澳洲 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="西澳洲" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australyay_Rocawani" title="Australyay Rocawani – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Australyay Rocawani" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E6%BE%B3%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%E5%B7%9E" title="西澳大利亚州 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="西澳大利亚州" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ostrali_Kulon" title="Ostrali Kulon – Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Ostrali Kulon" data-language-autonym="Betawi" 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href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Western_Australia&params=26_S_121_E_type:adm1st_region:AU-WA"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">26°S</span> <span class="longitude">121°E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">26°S 121°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">-26; 121</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">State of Australia</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">State in Australia</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192207">.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div{border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em;width:23em}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div td,.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .mergedbottomrow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .infobox-above{font-size:1.25em;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.25em}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div-official-below{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div-other{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div-caption{padding-top:0.4em}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div-nick,.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div-motto{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div-largest,.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div-lang{font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div-ethnic,.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div-religion,.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div-elevation{display:inline;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-pol-div-fake-li{text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal}</style><table class="infobox ib-pol-div vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Western Australia</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/States_and_territories_of_Australia" title="States and territories of Australia">State</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1028600610">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols{text-align:center;display:table;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-row{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cell{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cellt{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top}</style> <div class="ib-settlement-cols"> <div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Western_Australia.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Western Australia"><img alt="Flag of Western Australia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Flag_of_Western_Australia.svg/130px-Flag_of_Western_Australia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="130" height="65" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Flag_of_Western_Australia.svg/195px-Flag_of_Western_Australia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Flag_of_Western_Australia.svg/260px-Flag_of_Western_Australia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Western_Australia" title="Flag of Western Australia">Flag</a></div><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Western_Australia.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Official seal of Western Australia"><img alt="Official seal of Western Australia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Coat_of_arms_of_Western_Australia.svg/130px-Coat_of_arms_of_Western_Australia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="130" height="96" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Coat_of_arms_of_Western_Australia.svg/195px-Coat_of_arms_of_Western_Australia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Coat_of_arms_of_Western_Australia.svg/260px-Coat_of_arms_of_Western_Australia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="802" data-file-height="592" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Western_Australia" title="Coat of arms of Western Australia">Coat of arms</a></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><b>Nickname(s)</b>: <div class="ib-pol-div-nick nickname"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li>The Wildflower State</li><li>The Golden State</li></ul></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="center"><div class="floatnone"> <div class="" style="width:300px"><div style="position: relative; width:300px;"> <div style="position: absolute; font-size: 88%; left: 72%; top: 35.9%; padding: 0;"><b><a href="/wiki/Queensland" title="Queensland">QLD</a></b></div> <div style="position: absolute; font-size: 88%; left: 74.6%; top: 60%; padding: 0;"><b><a href="/wiki/New_South_Wales" title="New South Wales">NSW</a></b></div> <div style="position: absolute; font-size: 88%; left: 83.9%; top: 67.8%; padding: 0;"><b><a href="/wiki/Australian_Capital_Territory" title="Australian Capital Territory">ACT</a></b></div> <div style="position: absolute; font-size: 88%; left: 21.4%; top: 45.2%; padding: 0;"><b><a class="mw-selflink selflink">WA</a></b></div> <div style="position: absolute; font-size: 88%; left: 47.9%; top: 30.9%; padding: 0;"><b><a href="/wiki/Northern_Territory" title="Northern Territory">NT</a></b></div> <div style="position: absolute; font-size: 88%; left: 50.9%; top: 55%; padding: 0;"><b><a href="/wiki/South_Australia" title="South Australia">SA</a></b></div> <div style="position: absolute; font-size: 88%; left: 70.9%; top: 75.8%; padding: 0;"><b><a href="/wiki/Victoria_(state)" title="Victoria (state)">VIC</a></b></div> <div style="position: absolute; font-size: 88%; left: 77%; top: 89%; padding: 0;"><b><a href="/wiki/Tasmania" title="Tasmania">TAS</a></b></div> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Western_Australia_in_Australia.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="States and territories of Australia"><img alt="States and territories of Australia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Western_Australia_in_Australia.svg/300px-Western_Australia_in_Australia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="269" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Western_Australia_in_Australia.svg/450px-Western_Australia_in_Australia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Western_Australia_in_Australia.svg/600px-Western_Australia_in_Australia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2055" data-file-height="1846" /></a></span></div></div> </div></div><div class="ib-pol-div-caption">Location of Western Australia in Australia<br /><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Western_Australia&params=26_S_121_E_type:adm1st_region:AU-WA"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">26°S</span> <span class="longitude">121°E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">26°S 121°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">-26; 121</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data">Australia</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Before federation</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Colony_of_Western_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Colony of Western Australia">Colony of Western Australia</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Established as the <a href="/wiki/Swan_River_Colony" title="Swan River Colony">Swan River Colony</a></th><td class="infobox-data">2 May 1829</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Responsible_government" title="Responsible government">Responsible government</a></th><td class="infobox-data">21 October 1890</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Federation_of_Australia" title="Federation of Australia">Federation</a></th><td class="infobox-data">1 January 1901</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Capital<div class="ib-pol-div-largest">and largest city</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Perth" title="Perth">Perth</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Administration</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Local_government_areas_of_Western_Australia" title="Local government areas of Western Australia">139 local government areas</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Demonym" title="Demonym">Demonym(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Western/West Australian</li><li>West Aussie</li><li><a href="/wiki/Sandgroper_(insect)" title="Sandgroper (insect)">Sandgroper</a> (colloquial)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government</th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Australia" title="Monarchy of Australia">Monarch</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Charles_III" title="Charles III">Charles III</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Western_Australia" title="Governor of Western Australia">Governor</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Chris_Dawson_(governor)" title="Chris Dawson (governor)">Chris Dawson</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Premier_of_Western_Australia" title="Premier of Western Australia">Premier</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Roger_Cook_(politician)" title="Roger Cook (politician)">Roger Cook</a> (<a href="/wiki/Western_Australian_Labor_Party" title="Western Australian Labor Party">Labor</a>)</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Legislature</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Western_Australia" title="Parliament of Western Australia">Parliament of Western Australia</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-pol-div-fake-li">• <a href="/wiki/Upper_house" title="Upper house">Upper house</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Western_Australian_Legislative_Council" title="Western Australian Legislative Council">Legislative Council</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-pol-div-fake-li">• <a href="/wiki/Lower_house" title="Lower house">Lower house</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Western_Australian_Legislative_Assembly" title="Western Australian Legislative Assembly">Legislative Assembly</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Judiciary</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Western_Australia" title="Supreme Court of Western Australia">Supreme Court of Western Australia</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Australia" title="Parliament of Australia">Parliament of Australia</a></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-pol-div-fake-li">• <a href="/wiki/Australian_Senate" title="Australian Senate">Senate</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_senators_from_Western_Australia" title="List of senators from Western Australia">12 senators</a> (of 76)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-pol-div-fake-li">• <a href="/wiki/House_of_Representatives_(Australia)" class="mw-redirect" title="House of Representatives (Australia)">House of Representatives</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">15 seats (of 151)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Western_Australia" title="Geography of Western Australia">Area</a></th></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-pol-div-fake-li">• Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">2,527,013<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> km<sup>2</sup> (975,685 sq mi) (<a href="/wiki/States_and_territories_of_Australia#Statistics" title="States and territories of Australia">1st</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Highest elevation<div class="ib-pol-div-elevation"> (<a href="/wiki/Mount_Meharry" title="Mount Meharry">Mount Meharry</a>)</div></th><td class="infobox-data">1,249 m (4,098 ft)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Western_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Demographics of Western Australia">Population</a></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-pol-div-fake-li">• June 2023 estimate</div></th><td class="infobox-data">2,878,600<sup id="cite_ref-ABSPop_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ABSPop-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/States_and_territories_of_Australia#Statistics" title="States and territories of Australia">4th</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-pol-div-fake-li">• Density</div></th><td class="infobox-data">1.11/km<sup>2</sup> (2.9/sq mi) (<a href="/wiki/States_and_territories_of_Australia#Statistics" title="States and territories of Australia">7th</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Australian_states_and_territories_by_gross_state_product" title="List of Australian states and territories by gross state product">GSP</a></th><td class="infobox-data">2022 estimate</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-pol-div-fake-li">• Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">AU$377.257 billion<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Australian_states_and_territories_by_gross_state_product" title="List of Australian states and territories by gross state product">4th</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-pol-div-fake-li">• Per capita</div></th><td class="infobox-data">AU$135,320 (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Australian_states_and_territories_by_gross_state_product" title="List of Australian states and territories by gross state product">1st</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Human_Development_Index" title="Human Development Index">HDI</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold">(2021)</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 0.967<sup id="cite_ref-GlobalDataLab_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GlobalDataLab-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><span class="nowrap"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239334494">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style><span class="tmp-color" style="color:darkgreen">very high</span></span> · <a href="/wiki/List_of_Australian_states_and_territories_by_Human_Development_Index" title="List of Australian states and territories by Human Development Index">2nd</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B08:00" title="UTC+08:00">UTC+08:00</a> (<a href="/wiki/Australian_Western_Standard_Time" class="mw-redirect" title="Australian Western Standard Time">AWST</a>)</li><li><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B08:45" title="UTC+08:45">UTC+08:45</a> (<a href="/wiki/Eucla,_Western_Australia" title="Eucla, Western Australia">Eucla</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cocklebiddy,_Western_Australia" title="Cocklebiddy, Western Australia">Cocklebiddy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Madura,_Western_Australia" title="Madura, Western Australia">Madura</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mundrabilla,_Western_Australia" title="Mundrabilla, Western Australia">Mundrabilla</a>; DST not observed)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Postcodes_in_Australia#Allocation" title="Postcodes in Australia">Postal abbreviation</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="postal-code">WA</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166" title="ISO 3166">ISO 3166 code</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166-2:AU" title="ISO 3166-2:AU">AU–WA</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1141396924">.mw-parser-output .ib-region-symbols-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-region-symbols-none{float:none;clear:none;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-region-symbols-center{float:none;clear:none;margin:0.5em auto}.mw-parser-output .ib-region-symbols .infobox-title{font-size:120%}.mw-parser-output .ib-region-symbols .infobox-subheader{font-weight:bold;background-color:#cddeff}.mw-parser-output .ib-region-symbols-island{font-weight:bold;background-color:#cef2e0}</style></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader">Symbols</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div style="height:0px"></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Bird</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Black_swan" title="Black swan">Black swan</a><br /><i>(Cygnus atratus)</i></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Fish</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Whale_shark" title="Whale shark">Whale shark</a><br /><i>(Rhincodon typus)</i></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Flower</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Anigozanthos_manglesii" title="Anigozanthos manglesii">Red and green kangaroo paw</a><br /><i>(Anigozanthos manglesii)</i></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Mammal</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Numbat" title="Numbat">Numbat</a><br /><i>(Myrmecobius fasciatus)</i></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Colour(s)</th><td class="infobox-data">Black and gold</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Fossil</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Mcnamaraspis_kaprios" class="mw-redirect" title="Mcnamaraspis kaprios">Gogo fish</a><br /><i>(Mcnamaraspis kaprios)</i></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://wa.gov.au">wa<wbr />.gov<wbr />.au</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Western Australia</b> (WA) is the westernmost <a href="/wiki/State_of_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="State of Australia">state of Australia</a>. It is bounded by the Indian Ocean to the north and west, the <a href="/wiki/Southern_Ocean" title="Southern Ocean">Southern Ocean</a> to the south, the <a href="/wiki/Northern_Territory" title="Northern Territory">Northern Territory</a> to the north-east, and <a href="/wiki/South_Australia" title="South Australia">South Australia</a> to the south-east. Western Australia is Australia’s largest state, with a land area of 2,527,013 square kilometres (975,685 sq mi),<sup id="cite_ref-ga20_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ga20-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and is also the <a href="/wiki/List_of_country_subdivisions_by_area" class="mw-redirect" title="List of country subdivisions by area">second-largest subdivision</a> of any country on Earth, surpassed only by the <a href="/wiki/Sakha_Republic" title="Sakha Republic">Sakha Republic</a> in eastern Russia, and formerly Northwest Territories in Canada, before the creation of Nunavut. It is also the largest proper subnational entity, being a state rather than a territory or an autonomous region. </p><p>Western Australia has a diverse range of climates, including tropical conditions in the <a href="/wiki/Kimberley_(Western_Australia)" title="Kimberley (Western Australia)">Kimberley</a>, deserts in the interior (including the <a href="/wiki/Great_Sandy_Desert" title="Great Sandy Desert">Great Sandy Desert</a>, <a href="/wiki/Little_Sandy_Desert" title="Little Sandy Desert">Little Sandy Desert</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gibson_Desert" title="Gibson Desert">Gibson Desert</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Great_Victoria_Desert" title="Great Victoria Desert">Great Victoria Desert</a>) and a <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_climate" title="Mediterranean climate">Mediterranean climate</a> on the south-west and southern coastal areas. As of 2021,<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Western_Australia&action=edit">[update]</a></sup> the state has 2.91 million inhabitants—11 percent of the national total.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Over 90 percent of the state's population live in the <a href="/wiki/South-West_Land_Division" class="mw-redirect" title="South-West Land Division">south-west corner</a> and around 80 percent live in the state capital <a href="/wiki/Perth" title="Perth">Perth</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-ABSCapitalPop_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ABSCapitalPop-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> leaving the remainder of the state sparsely populated. The <a href="/wiki/Trans-Australian_Railway" title="Trans-Australian Railway">Trans-Australian Railway</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Eyre_Highway" title="Eyre Highway">Eyre Highway</a> traverse the <a href="/wiki/Nullarbor_Plain" title="Nullarbor Plain">Nullarbor Plain</a> in the state's south-east, providing the principal connection between Western Australia and the population centres in the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_states_of_Australia" title="Eastern states of Australia">eastern states</a>. </p><p>Western Australia's <a href="/wiki/Aboriginal_cultures_of_Western_Australia" title="Aboriginal cultures of Western Australia">Indigenous peoples</a> have been present for tens of thousands of years. Dutch explorers visited Western Australia from the 17th century, with <a href="/wiki/Dirk_Hartog" title="Dirk Hartog">Dirk Hartog</a>'s 1616 expedition the first Europeans to make landfall. The British claimed Western Australia in 1827 and established the <a href="/wiki/Swan_River_Colony" title="Swan River Colony">Swan River Colony</a> with Perth as its capital in 1829. The <a href="/wiki/Western_Australian_gold_rushes" title="Western Australian gold rushes">Western Australian gold rushes</a> of the late 19th century resulted in a significant population influx. The colony was granted <a href="/wiki/Responsible_government" title="Responsible government">responsible government</a> in 1890, the last of the Australian colonies to become self-governing, and <a href="/wiki/Federation_of_Australia" title="Federation of Australia">federated</a> with the other colonies in 1901. </p><p>Western Australia's <a href="/wiki/Mining_in_Western_Australia" title="Mining in Western Australia">mining sector</a> is a key driver of the <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Western_Australia" title="Economy of Western Australia">state economy</a>. The late 20th century saw the development of the state's significant <a href="/wiki/Iron_ore_mining_in_Western_Australia" title="Iron ore mining in Western Australia">iron ore mining industry</a> – the world's largest – as well as primarily offshore <a href="/wiki/Petroleum_industry_in_Western_Australia" title="Petroleum industry in Western Australia">petroleum and natural gas resources</a>. <a href="/wiki/Gold_mining_in_Western_Australia" title="Gold mining in Western Australia">Gold mining</a> retains a significant presence and many other mineral commodities are mined, with Perth being a major centre for associated services. Outside of mining, primary industry is the other significant contributor to the state's economy, including agriculture in the <a href="/wiki/Wheatbelt_(Western_Australia)" title="Wheatbelt (Western Australia)">Wheatbelt</a> and temperate southern coastal regions, <a href="/wiki/List_of_pastoral_leases_in_Western_Australia" title="List of pastoral leases in Western Australia">pastoralism</a> in marginal grassland areas, <a href="/wiki/Forests_of_Australia" title="Forests of Australia">forestry</a> in the south-west and fishing (including <a href="/wiki/Pearling_in_Western_Australia" title="Pearling in Western Australia">pearling</a> and, historically, <a href="/wiki/Whaling_in_Western_Australia" title="Whaling in Western Australia">whaling</a>). </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Western_Australia&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/History_of_Western_Australia" title="History of Western Australia">History of Western Australia</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/French_Western_Australia" title="French Western Australia">French Western Australia</a></div> <p>Western Australia has a geological history dating back to 4.4 billion years ago when <a href="/wiki/Hadean_zircon" title="Hadean zircon">Hadean zircons</a> were formed. The earliest direct known life on land, known as <a href="/wiki/Stromatolite" title="Stromatolite">stromatolites</a>, started to be created by microbes at around 3.48 billion years ago. </p><p>The first human inhabitants of Australia arrived from the north "over 50,000 years ago and possibly as much as 70,000 years ago".<sup id="cite_ref-men22_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-men22-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 5">: 5 </span></sup> Over thousands of years they eventually spread across the whole landmass.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> These <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_Australians" title="Indigenous Australians">Indigenous Australians</a> were long established throughout Western Australia by the time European explorers began to arrive in the early 17th century. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hessel_Gerritsz_-_Malay_Archipelago_and_Australia.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Hessel_Gerritsz_-_Malay_Archipelago_and_Australia.jpg/220px-Hessel_Gerritsz_-_Malay_Archipelago_and_Australia.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="326" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Hessel_Gerritsz_-_Malay_Archipelago_and_Australia.jpg/330px-Hessel_Gerritsz_-_Malay_Archipelago_and_Australia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Hessel_Gerritsz_-_Malay_Archipelago_and_Australia.jpg/440px-Hessel_Gerritsz_-_Malay_Archipelago_and_Australia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2858" data-file-height="4232" /></a><figcaption>Map first drawn in 1618 by <a href="/wiki/Hessel_Gerritsz" title="Hessel Gerritsz">Hessel Gerritsz</a>, 12 years after <a href="/wiki/Janszoon_voyage_of_1605%E2%80%931606" title="Janszoon voyage of 1605–1606">Europeans first encountered</a> the Australian mainland,<sup id="cite_ref-huy95_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-huy95-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> showing the charted coast of Australia. Chartings after 1618, for example by <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Thijssen" title="François Thijssen">François Thijssen</a> in 1627, were added to the engraved plate between 1628 and 1632.<sup id="cite_ref-ger18_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ger18-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>The first Europeans to visit Western Australia were those of the Dutch <a href="/wiki/Dirk_Hartog" title="Dirk Hartog">Dirk Hartog</a> expedition, who on 25 October 1616 landed at what is now known as Cape Inscription, <a href="/wiki/Dirk_Hartog_Island" title="Dirk Hartog Island">Dirk Hartog Island</a>. For the rest of the 17th century, <a href="/wiki/European_maritime_exploration_of_Australia" title="European maritime exploration of Australia">other Dutch and British navigators</a> encountered the coast of what <a href="/wiki/Abel_Tasman" title="Abel Tasman">Abel Tasman</a> named <a href="/wiki/New_Holland_(Australia)" title="New Holland (Australia)">New Holland</a> in 1644, usually unintentionally as demonstrated by the many shipwrecks along the coast of ships that deviated from the <a href="/wiki/Brouwer_Route" title="Brouwer Route">Brouwer Route</a> (because of poor navigation and storms).<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By the late 18th century, British and French sailors had begun to explore the Western Australian coast. The <a href="/wiki/Baudin_expedition_to_Australia" title="Baudin expedition to Australia">Baudin expedition</a> of 1800–03 included the coast of Western Australia and resulted in the <a href="/wiki/Freycinet_Map_of_1811" title="Freycinet Map of 1811">Freycinet Map of 1811</a>, the first published map featuring the full outline of Australia. The name New Holland remained in popular and semi-official use until at least the mid-1850s; that is, it was in use for about 206 years in comparison to the name Australia which to date has been in use for about 195 years.<sup id="cite_ref-wayb79_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wayb79-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 11">: 11 </span></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Thevenot_-_Hollandia_Nova_detecta_1644.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Thevenot_-_Hollandia_Nova_detecta_1644.png/220px-Thevenot_-_Hollandia_Nova_detecta_1644.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="174" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Thevenot_-_Hollandia_Nova_detecta_1644.png/330px-Thevenot_-_Hollandia_Nova_detecta_1644.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Thevenot_-_Hollandia_Nova_detecta_1644.png/440px-Thevenot_-_Hollandia_Nova_detecta_1644.png 2x" data-file-width="2916" data-file-height="2310" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Melchis%C3%A9dech_Th%C3%A9venot" title="Melchisédech Thévenot">Melchisédech Thévenot</a>'s <i>Hollandia Nova—Terre Australe</i> in his travel anthology (French: <i lang="fr">Relations de divers voyages curieux</i>) published in 1664,<sup id="cite_ref-the64_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-the64-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and which seems to be a copy of <i>Archipelagus Orientalis sive Asiaticus</i> by <a href="/wiki/Joan_Blaeu" title="Joan Blaeu">Joan Blaeu</a> in the <i>Atlas of the Great Elector</i> (German: <i lang="de">Atlas des Großen Kurfürsten</i>) from 1659.<sup id="cite_ref-bla59_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bla59-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The latitude staff depicted by Thévenot falls along the <i>Zaragoza antimeridian</i> from the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Zaragoza" title="Treaty of Zaragoza">Treaty of Zaragoza</a> of 1529 between <a href="/wiki/Crown_of_Castile" title="Crown of Castile">Castile</a> and <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a>, and which complemented the <i>Tordesillas meridian</i> from the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Tordesillas" title="Treaty of Tordesillas">Treaty of Tordesillas</a> of 1494.</figcaption></figure> <p>The origins of the present state began with the establishment by Lockyer<sup id="cite_ref-Western_Australia_Foundation_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Western_Australia_Foundation-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> of a convict-supported settlement from <a href="/wiki/New_South_Wales" title="New South Wales">New South Wales</a> at <a href="/wiki/King_George_Sound" class="mw-redirect" title="King George Sound">King George III Sound</a>. The settlement was formally annexed on 21 January 1827 by Lockyer when he commanded the <a href="/wiki/Union_Jack" title="Union Jack">Union Jack</a> be raised and a <a href="/wiki/Feu_de_joie" title="Feu de joie">feu de joie</a> fired by the troops. The settlement was founded in response to British concerns about the possibility of a French colony being established on the coast of Western Australia.<sup id="cite_ref-Western_Australia_Foundation_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Western_Australia_Foundation-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 7 March 1831 it was transferred to the control of the Swan River Colony,<sup id="cite_ref-knibbs_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-knibbs-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and named <a href="/wiki/Albany,_Western_Australia" title="Albany, Western Australia">Albany</a> in 1832. </p><p>In 1829 the <a href="/wiki/Swan_River_Colony" title="Swan River Colony">Swan River Colony</a> was established on the Swan River by Captain <a href="/wiki/James_Stirling_(Australian_governor)" class="mw-redirect" title="James Stirling (Australian governor)">James Stirling</a>. By 1832, the British settler population of the colony had reached around 1,500, and the official name of the colony was changed to Western Australia on 6 February that year.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The two separate townsites of the colony developed slowly into the port city of <a href="/wiki/Fremantle" title="Fremantle">Fremantle</a> and the state's capital, <a href="/wiki/Perth" title="Perth">Perth</a>. <a href="/wiki/York,_Western_Australia" title="York, Western Australia">York</a> was the first inland settlement in Western Australia, situated 97 kilometres (60 mi) east of Perth and settled on 16 September 1831. York was the staging point for early explorers who discovered the rich gold reserves of Kalgoorlie. </p><p>Population growth was very slow until significant discoveries of gold were made in the 1890s around <a href="/wiki/Kalgoorlie" title="Kalgoorlie">Kalgoorlie</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:John_Forrest_1898.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/John_Forrest_1898.jpg/170px-John_Forrest_1898.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="214" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/John_Forrest_1898.jpg/255px-John_Forrest_1898.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/John_Forrest_1898.jpg/340px-John_Forrest_1898.jpg 2x" data-file-width="915" data-file-height="1150" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/John_Forrest" title="John Forrest">John Forrest</a> was the first Premier of Western Australia.</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1887, a new constitution was drafted, providing for the right of self-governance of European Australians, and in 1890, the act granting <a href="/wiki/Self-governing_colony" title="Self-governing colony">self-government</a> to the colony was passed by the <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Parliament of the United Kingdom">British Parliament</a>. <a href="/wiki/John_Forrest" title="John Forrest">John Forrest</a> became the first <a href="/wiki/Premier_of_Western_Australia" title="Premier of Western Australia">Premier of Western Australia</a>. </p><p>In 1896, after discoveries of gold at <a href="/wiki/Coolgardie,_Western_Australia" title="Coolgardie, Western Australia">Coolgardie</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kalgoorlie" title="Kalgoorlie">Kalgoorlie</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Western_Australian_Parliament" class="mw-redirect" title="Western Australian Parliament">Western Australian Parliament</a> authorised the raising of a loan to construct a <a href="/wiki/Pipeline_transport" class="mw-redirect" title="Pipeline transport">pipeline</a> to transport 23 megalitres (5 million imperial gallons) of water per day to the burgeoning population on the goldfields. The pipeline, known as the <a href="/wiki/Goldfields_Water_Supply_Scheme" title="Goldfields Water Supply Scheme">Goldfields Water Supply Scheme</a>, was completed in 1903. <a href="/wiki/C._Y._O%27Connor" title="C. Y. O'Connor"><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> C. Y. </span> O'Connor</a>, Western Australia's first engineer-in-chief, designed and oversaw the construction of the pipeline. It carries water 530 km (330 mi) from Perth to <a href="/wiki/Kalgoorlie" title="Kalgoorlie">Kalgoorlie</a>, and is attributed by historians as an important factor driving the state's population and economic growth.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Following a campaign led by Forrest, electors of the colony of Western Australia voted in favour of <a href="/wiki/Federation_of_Australia" title="Federation of Australia">federation</a> with the five other Australian colonies, resulting in Western Australia officially becoming a state on 1 January 1901.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Western_Australia&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Western_Australia" title="Geography of Western Australia">Geography of Western Australia</a></div> <p>Western Australia is bounded to the east by longitude 129°E, the meridian 129 degrees east of Greenwich, which defines the border with South Australia and the <a href="/wiki/Northern_Territory" title="Northern Territory">Northern Territory</a>, and bounded by the Indian Ocean to the west and north. The <a href="/wiki/International_Hydrographic_Organization" title="International Hydrographic Organization">International Hydrographic Organization</a> (IHO) designates the <a href="/wiki/Australia_and_the_Southern_Ocean" class="mw-redirect" title="Australia and the Southern Ocean">body of water south of the continent</a> as part of the Indian Ocean; in Australia it is officially gazetted as the <a href="/wiki/Southern_Ocean" title="Southern Ocean">Southern Ocean</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-iho53_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iho53-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The total length of the <a href="/wiki/Border_of_Western_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Border of Western Australia">state's eastern border</a> is 1,862 km (1,157 mi).<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are 20,781 km (12,913 mi) of coastline, including 7,892 km (4,904 mi) of island coastline.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The total land area occupied by the state is 2.5 million km<sup>2</sup> (970 thousand sq mi).<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Geology">Geology</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Western_Australia&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Geology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The bulk of Western Australia consists of the extremely old <a href="/wiki/Yilgarn_craton" class="mw-redirect" title="Yilgarn craton">Yilgarn craton</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pilbara_craton" class="mw-redirect" title="Pilbara craton">Pilbara craton</a> which merged with the <a href="/wiki/Deccan_Plateau" title="Deccan Plateau">Deccan Plateau</a> of India, <a href="/wiki/Madagascar" title="Madagascar">Madagascar</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Kaapvaal_Craton" title="Kaapvaal Craton">Kaapvaal</a> and <a href="/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a> cratons of Southern Africa, in the <a href="/wiki/Archean" title="Archean">Archean</a> Eon to form <a href="/wiki/Ur_(continent)" title="Ur (continent)">Ur</a>, one of the oldest <a href="/wiki/Supercontinent" title="Supercontinent">supercontinents</a> on Earth (3 – 3.2  billion years ago). In May 2017, evidence of the <a href="/wiki/Earliest_known_life_forms" title="Earliest known life forms">earliest known life</a> <a href="/wiki/Evolutionary_history_of_life#Colonization_of_land" class="mw-redirect" title="Evolutionary history of life">on land</a> may have been found in 3.48-billion-year-old <a href="/wiki/Geyserite" title="Geyserite">geyserite</a> and other related mineral deposits (often found around <a href="/wiki/Hot_spring" title="Hot spring">hot springs</a> and <a href="/wiki/Geyser" title="Geyser">geysers</a>) uncovered in the Pilbara craton.<sup id="cite_ref-PO-20170509_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PO-20170509-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NC-20170509_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NC-20170509-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Because the only <a href="/wiki/Orogeny" title="Orogeny">mountain-building</a> since then has been of the <a href="/wiki/Stirling_Range" title="Stirling Range">Stirling Range</a> with the rifting from <a href="/wiki/Antarctica" title="Antarctica">Antarctica</a>, the land is extremely eroded and ancient, with no part of the state above 1,249 metres (4,098 ft) <a href="/wiki/Australian_Height_Datum" title="Australian Height Datum">AHD</a> (at <a href="/wiki/Mount_Meharry" title="Mount Meharry">Mount Meharry</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Hamersley_Range" title="Hamersley Range">Hamersley Range</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Pilbara" title="Pilbara">Pilbara</a> region). Most of the state is a low plateau with an average elevation of about 400 metres (1,200 ft), very low relief, and no <a href="/wiki/Surface_runoff" title="Surface runoff">surface runoff</a>. This descends relatively sharply to the coastal plains, in some cases forming a sharp escarpment (as with the Darling Range/<a href="/wiki/Darling_Scarp" title="Darling Scarp">Darling Scarp</a> near Perth). </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:WAHighways.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/WAHighways.png/220px-WAHighways.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/WAHighways.png/330px-WAHighways.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/WAHighways.png/440px-WAHighways.png 2x" data-file-width="540" data-file-height="720" /></a><figcaption>Western Australian cities, towns, settlements and <a href="/wiki/List_of_highways_in_Western_Australia" title="List of highways in Western Australia">road network</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>The extreme age of the landscape has meant that the soils are remarkably infertile and frequently <a href="/wiki/Laterite" title="Laterite">laterised</a>. Even soils derived from <a href="/wiki/Granite" title="Granite">granitic</a> <a href="/wiki/Bedrock" title="Bedrock">bedrock</a> contain an order of magnitude less available <a href="/wiki/Phosphorus" title="Phosphorus">phosphorus</a> and only half as much <a href="/wiki/Nitrogen" title="Nitrogen">nitrogen</a> as soils in comparable climates in other continents. Soils derived from extensive sandplains or <a href="/wiki/Ironstone" title="Ironstone">ironstone</a> are even less fertile, nearly devoid of soluble phosphate and deficient in <a href="/wiki/Zinc" title="Zinc">zinc</a>, copper, <a href="/wiki/Molybdenum" title="Molybdenum">molybdenum</a> and sometimes <a href="/wiki/Potassium" title="Potassium">potassium</a> and <a href="/wiki/Calcium" title="Calcium">calcium</a>. </p><p>The infertility of most of the soils has required heavy application by farmers of fertilisers. These have resulted in damage to <a href="/wiki/Invertebrate" title="Invertebrate">invertebrate</a> and bacterial populations.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2017)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The grazing and use of hoofed mammals and, later, heavy machinery through the years have resulted in <a href="/wiki/Soil_compaction" title="Soil compaction">compaction of soils</a> and great damage to the fragile soils. </p><p>Large-scale land clearing for agriculture has damaged habitats for native flora and fauna. As a result, the <a href="/wiki/Southwest_Australia" title="Southwest Australia">South West region</a> of the state has a higher concentration of rare, threatened or endangered flora and fauna than many areas of Australia, making it one of the world's biodiversity "hot spots". Large areas of the state's wheatbelt region have problems with <a href="/wiki/Soil_salinity_control" title="Soil salinity control">dryland salinity</a> and the loss of fresh water. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Western_Australia&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Climate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Western_Australia_K%C3%B6ppen.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Western_Australia_K%C3%B6ppen.svg/220px-Western_Australia_K%C3%B6ppen.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="406" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Western_Australia_K%C3%B6ppen.svg/330px-Western_Australia_K%C3%B6ppen.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Western_Australia_K%C3%B6ppen.svg/440px-Western_Australia_K%C3%B6ppen.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="765" data-file-height="1413" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification" title="Köppen climate classification">Köppen climate types</a> in Western Australia</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Southwest_corner_of_Western_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Southwest corner of Western Australia">southwest coastal area</a> has a <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_climate" title="Mediterranean climate">Mediterranean climate</a>. It was originally heavily forested, including large stands of <a href="/wiki/Karri" class="mw-redirect" title="Karri">karri</a>, one of the <a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_trees" title="List of tallest trees">tallest trees</a> in the world.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This agricultural region is one of the nine most bio-diverse terrestrial habitats, with a higher proportion of <a href="/wiki/Endemic_species" class="mw-redirect" title="Endemic species">endemic species</a> than most other equivalent regions. Thanks to the offshore <a href="/wiki/Leeuwin_Current" title="Leeuwin Current">Leeuwin Current</a>, the area is one of the top six regions for marine biodiversity and contains the most southerly <a href="/wiki/Coral_reef" title="Coral reef">coral reefs</a> in the world. </p><p>Average annual rainfall varies from 300 millimetres (12 in) at the edge of the <a href="/wiki/Wheatbelt_(Western_Australia)" title="Wheatbelt (Western Australia)">Wheatbelt</a> region to 1,400 millimetres (55 in) in the wettest areas near <a href="/wiki/Northcliffe,_Western_Australia" title="Northcliffe, Western Australia">Northcliffe</a>, but from November to March, evaporation exceeds rainfall, and it is generally very dry. Plants are adapted to this as well as the extreme poverty of all soils. </p><p>The central two-thirds of the state is <a href="/wiki/Arid" class="mw-redirect" title="Arid">arid</a> and sparsely inhabited. The only significant economic activity is mining. Annual rainfall averages less than 300 millimetres (8–10 in), most of which occurs in sporadic torrential falls related to cyclone events in summer.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>An exception to this is the northern tropical regions. The <a href="/wiki/Kimberley_(Western_Australia)" title="Kimberley (Western Australia)">Kimberley</a> has an extremely hot <a href="/wiki/Australian_monsoon" title="Australian monsoon">monsoonal climate</a> with average annual rainfall ranging from 500 to 1,500 millimetres (20–60 in), but there is a very long almost rainless season from April to November. Eighty-five percent of the state's <a href="/wiki/Runoff_(water)" class="mw-redirect" title="Runoff (water)">runoff</a> occurs in the Kimberley, but because it occurs in violent floods and because of the insurmountable poverty of the generally shallow soils, the only development has taken place along the <a href="/wiki/Ord_River" title="Ord River">Ord River</a>. </p><p>Snow is rare in the state and typically occurs only in the <a href="/wiki/Stirling_Range" title="Stirling Range">Stirling Range</a> near <a href="/wiki/Albany,_Western_Australia" title="Albany, Western Australia">Albany</a>, as it is the only mountain range far enough south and sufficiently elevated. More rarely, snow can fall on the nearby <a href="/wiki/Porongurup_National_Park" title="Porongurup National Park">Porongurup Range</a>. Snow outside these areas is a major event; it usually occurs in hilly areas of southwestern Australia. The most widespread low-level snow occurred on 26 June 1956 when snow was reported in the <a href="/wiki/Perth_Hills" title="Perth Hills">Perth Hills</a>, as far north as <a href="/wiki/Wongan_Hills,_Western_Australia" title="Wongan Hills, Western Australia">Wongan Hills</a> and as far east as <a href="/wiki/Salmon_Gums,_Western_Australia" title="Salmon Gums, Western Australia">Salmon Gums</a>. However, even in the Stirling Range, snowfalls rarely exceed 5 cm (2 in) and rarely settle for more than one day.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The highest observed temperature of 50.7 °C (123.3 °F) was recorded in <a href="/wiki/Onslow,_Western_Australia" title="Onslow, Western Australia">Onslow</a> on 13 January 2022.<sup id="cite_ref-BBC_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBC-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The lowest temperature recorded was −7.2 °C (19.0 °F) at <a href="/wiki/Eyre_Bird_Observatory" title="Eyre Bird Observatory">Eyre Bird Observatory</a> on 17 August 2008.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/South_Geomagnetic_Pole" class="mw-redirect" title="South Geomagnetic Pole">south geomagnetic pole</a> is currently tilted 10 degrees away from the <a href="/wiki/South_Pole" title="South Pole">South Pole</a> towards Western Australia, allowing for <a href="/wiki/Aurora_australis" class="mw-redirect" title="Aurora australis">aurora australis</a> displays as far north as <a href="/wiki/Geraldton" title="Geraldton">Geraldton</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for Western Australia </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #800000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">50.7<br />(123.3) </td> <td style="background: #820000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">50.5<br />(122.9) </td> <td style="background: #A40000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">48.1<br />(118.6) </td> <td style="background: #CE0000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">45.0<br />(113.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF0600; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">40.6<br />(105.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF1900; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">37.8<br />(100.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF1600; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">38.3<br />(100.9) </td> <td style="background: #FD0000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">41.6<br />(106.9) </td> <td style="background: #E80000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">43.1<br />(109.6) </td> <td style="background: #B40000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">46.9<br />(116.4) </td> <td style="background: #A50000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">48.0<br />(118.4) </td> <td style="background: #8C0000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">49.8<br />(121.6) </td> <td style="background: #800000; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">50.7<br />(123.3) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #EBEBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.9<br />(33.6) </td> <td style="background: #E9E9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.5<br />(32.9) </td> <td style="background: #E2E2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−0.8<br />(30.6) </td> <td style="background: #DADAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−2.2<br />(28.0) </td> <td style="background: #C8C8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−5.6<br />(21.9) </td> <td style="background: #C6C6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−6.0<br />(21.2) </td> <td style="background: #C2C2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−6.7<br />(19.9) </td> <td style="background: #BFBFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−7.2<br />(19.0) </td> <td style="background: #CBCBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−5.1<br />(22.8) </td> <td style="background: #CBCBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−5.0<br />(23.0) </td> <td style="background: #DBDBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−2.1<br />(28.2) </td> <td style="background: #E6E6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0<br />(32.0) </td> <td style="background: #BFBFFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">−7.2<br />(19.0) </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 1: <a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_Meteorology" title="Bureau of Meteorology">Bureau of Meteorology</a><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 2: <sup id="cite_ref-BBC_33-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBC-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Flora_and_fauna">Flora and fauna</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Western_Australia&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Flora and fauna"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:RottnestQuokka.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/RottnestQuokka.jpg/220px-RottnestQuokka.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/RottnestQuokka.jpg/330px-RottnestQuokka.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/RottnestQuokka.jpg/440px-RottnestQuokka.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3625" data-file-height="2414" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Quokka" title="Quokka">quokka</a> on <a href="/wiki/Rottnest_Island" title="Rottnest Island">Rottnest Island</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Black_Swans.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Black_Swans.jpg/170px-Black_Swans.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Black_Swans.jpg/255px-Black_Swans.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Black_Swans.jpg/340px-Black_Swans.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="700" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Black_swan" title="Black swan">black swan</a> is the state bird of Western Australia</figcaption></figure> <p>Western Australia is home to around <a href="/wiki/List_of_Western_Australian_birds" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Western Australian birds">630 species of birds</a> (depending on the taxonomy used). Of these around 15 are <a href="/wiki/Endemic_species" class="mw-redirect" title="Endemic species">endemic</a> to the state. The best areas for birds are the southwestern corner of the state and the area around Broome and the Kimberley. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Flora_of_Western_Australia" title="Flora of Western Australia">Flora of Western Australia</a> comprises 10,162 published native <a href="/wiki/Vascular_plant" title="Vascular plant">vascular plant</a> species, along with a further 1,196 species currently recognised but unpublished. They occur within 1,543 <a href="/wiki/Genus" title="Genus">genera</a> from 211 <a href="/wiki/Family_(biology)" title="Family (biology)">families</a>; there are also 1,276 naturalised alien or <a href="/wiki/Invasive_plant" class="mw-redirect" title="Invasive plant">invasive plant</a> species, more commonly known as weeds.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the southwest region are some of the largest numbers of plant species for its area in the world. </p><p>Western Australia's <a href="/wiki/Ecoregion" title="Ecoregion">ecoregions</a> include the sandstone gorges of <a href="/wiki/Kimberley_tropical_savanna" title="Kimberley tropical savanna">the Kimberley</a> on the northern coast, and below that the drier <a href="/wiki/Victoria_Plains_tropical_savanna" title="Victoria Plains tropical savanna">Victoria Plains tropical savanna</a> inland, and the semi-desert <a href="/wiki/Pilbara_shrublands" title="Pilbara shrublands">Pilbara shrublands</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carnarvon_xeric_shrublands" title="Carnarvon xeric shrublands">Carnarvon xeric shrublands</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Western_Australian_mulga_shrublands" title="Western Australian mulga shrublands">Western Australian mulga shrublands</a> to the southwest. Southwards along the coast are the <a href="/wiki/Southwest_Australia_savanna" title="Southwest Australia savanna">Southwest Australia savanna</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Swan_Coastal_Plain" title="Swan Coastal Plain">Swan Coastal Plain</a> around Perth, with the <a href="/wiki/Warren_bioregion" title="Warren bioregion">jarrah-karri forest and shrublands</a> on the southwest corner of the coast around the <a href="/wiki/Margaret_River" title="Margaret River">Margaret River</a> wine-growing area. Going east along the Southern Ocean coast is the <a href="/wiki/Goldfields-Esperance" class="mw-redirect" title="Goldfields-Esperance">Goldfields-Esperance</a> region, including the <a href="/wiki/Esperance_mallee" title="Esperance mallee">Esperance mallee</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Coolgardie_woodlands" title="Coolgardie woodlands">Coolgardie woodlands</a> inland around town of <a href="/wiki/Coolgardie" class="mw-redirect" title="Coolgardie">Coolgardie</a>. Deserts occupy the interior, including the <a href="/wiki/Great_Sandy-Tanami_desert" class="mw-redirect" title="Great Sandy-Tanami desert">Great Sandy-Tanami desert</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gibson_Desert" title="Gibson Desert">Gibson Desert</a>, <a href="/wiki/Great_Victoria_Desert" title="Great Victoria Desert">Great Victoria Desert</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Nullarbor_Plain" title="Nullarbor Plain">Nullarbor Plain</a>. </p><p>In 1831 Scottish botanist <a href="/wiki/Robert_Brown_(botanist,_born_1773)" title="Robert Brown (botanist, born 1773)">Robert Brown</a> produced a scientific paper, <i><a href="/wiki/General_view_of_the_botany_of_the_vicinity_of_Swan_River" title="General view of the botany of the vicinity of Swan River">General view of the botany of the vicinity of Swan River</a></i>. It discusses the vegetation of the <a href="/wiki/Swan_River_Colony" title="Swan River Colony">Swan River Colony</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Western_Australia&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Demographics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Australia" title="Demographics of Australia">Demographics of Australia</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Perth_(AU),_Elizabeth_Quay_--_2019_--_0259.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Perth_%28AU%29%2C_Elizabeth_Quay_--_2019_--_0259.jpg/220px-Perth_%28AU%29%2C_Elizabeth_Quay_--_2019_--_0259.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Perth_%28AU%29%2C_Elizabeth_Quay_--_2019_--_0259.jpg/330px-Perth_%28AU%29%2C_Elizabeth_Quay_--_2019_--_0259.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Perth_%28AU%29%2C_Elizabeth_Quay_--_2019_--_0259.jpg/440px-Perth_%28AU%29%2C_Elizabeth_Quay_--_2019_--_0259.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5877" data-file-height="3918" /></a><figcaption>Western Australia's capital and largest city, <a href="/wiki/Perth" title="Perth">Perth</a>. Its metropolitan area is home to 75% of the state's population.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Western_Australia_population_T.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Western_Australia_population_T.svg/170px-Western_Australia_population_T.svg.png" decoding="async" width="170" height="201" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Western_Australia_population_T.svg/255px-Western_Australia_population_T.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Western_Australia_population_T.svg/340px-Western_Australia_population_T.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="741" data-file-height="878" /></a><figcaption>WA population growth 1829–2010</figcaption></figure> <p>Europeans began to settle permanently in 1826 when <a href="/wiki/Albany,_Western_Australia" title="Albany, Western Australia">Albany</a> was claimed by Britain to forestall French claims to the western third of the continent. Perth was founded as the <a href="/wiki/Swan_River_Colony" title="Swan River Colony">Swan River Colony</a> in 1829 by British and Irish settlers, though the outpost languished. Its officials eventually requested <a href="/wiki/Convictism_in_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Convictism in Australia">convict</a> labour to augment its population. By the time <a href="/wiki/Penal_transportation" title="Penal transportation">transportation</a> ceased in 1868, convicts outnumbered free settlers 9,700 to 7,300.<sup id="cite_ref-nma23_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nma23-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the 1890s, interstate immigration, resulting from a mining boom in the <a href="/wiki/Goldfields-Esperance" class="mw-redirect" title="Goldfields-Esperance">Goldfields region</a>, resulted in a sharp population increase. </p><p>Western Australia did not receive significant flows of <a href="/wiki/Immigration_to_Australia" title="Immigration to Australia">immigrants</a> from Britain, Ireland or elsewhere in the <a href="/wiki/British_Empire" title="British Empire">British Empire</a> until the early 20th century. At that time, its local projects—such as the <a href="/wiki/Group_Settlement_Scheme" title="Group Settlement Scheme">Group Settlement Scheme</a> of the 1920s, which encouraged farmers to settle the southwest—increased awareness of Australia's western third as a destination for colonists. </p><p>Led by immigrants from the British Isles, Western Australia's population developed at a faster rate during the twentieth century than it had previously. After <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, both the eastern states and Western Australia received large numbers of <a href="/wiki/Italian_Australian" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian Australian">Italians</a>, <a href="/wiki/Croatian_Australian" class="mw-redirect" title="Croatian Australian">Croatians</a> and <a href="/wiki/Macedonian_Australians" title="Macedonian Australians">Macedonians</a>. Despite this, Britain has contributed the greatest number of immigrants to this day. Western Australia—particularly Perth—has the highest proportion of British-born of any state: 10.3% in 2011, compared to a national average of 5.1%. This group is heavily concentrated in certain parts, where they account for a quarter of the population.<sup id="cite_ref-abs_2011_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-abs_2011-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/List_of_places_in_Western_Australia_by_population" title="List of places in Western Australia by population">List of places in Western Australia by population</a></div> <p>Perth's metropolitan area (including <a href="/wiki/Mandurah" title="Mandurah">Mandurah</a>) had an estimated population of 2,043,138<sup id="cite_ref-ABSCapitalPop_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ABSCapitalPop-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in June 2017 (79% of the state). Other significant population centres include <a href="/wiki/Bunbury,_Western_Australia" title="Bunbury, Western Australia">Bunbury</a> (73,989),<sup id="cite_ref-ABSSUA_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ABSSUA-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Geraldton" title="Geraldton">Geraldton</a> (37,961),<sup id="cite_ref-ABSSUA_43-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ABSSUA-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Kalgoorlie-Boulder" class="mw-redirect" title="Kalgoorlie-Boulder">Kalgoorlie-Boulder</a> (30,420),<sup id="cite_ref-ABSSUA_43-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ABSSUA-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Albany,_Western_Australia" title="Albany, Western Australia">Albany</a> (33,998),<sup id="cite_ref-ABSSUA_43-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ABSSUA-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Karratha" class="mw-redirect" title="Karratha">Karratha</a> (16,446),<sup id="cite_ref-ABSSUA_43-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ABSSUA-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Broome,_Western_Australia" title="Broome, Western Australia">Broome</a> (14,501)<sup id="cite_ref-ABSSUA_43-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ABSSUA-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Port_Hedland,_Western_Australia" title="Port Hedland, Western Australia">Port Hedland</a> (14,285).<sup id="cite_ref-ABSSUA_43-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ABSSUA-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ancestry_and_immigration">Ancestry and immigration</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Western_Australia&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Ancestry and immigration"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" style="float:right;"> <caption>Country of birth (2016)<sup id="cite_ref-quickstats.censusdata.abs.gov.au_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-quickstats.censusdata.abs.gov.au-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-censusdata.abs.gov.au_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-censusdata.abs.gov.au-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Birthplace<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th> <th>Population </th></tr> <tr> <td>Australia</td> <td>1,492,842 </td></tr> <tr> <td>England</td> <td>194,163 </td></tr> <tr> <td>New Zealand</td> <td>79,221 </td></tr> <tr> <td>India</td> <td>49,385 </td></tr> <tr> <td>South Africa</td> <td>41,008 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a></td> <td>30,835 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a></td> <td>29,126 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Mainland_China" title="Mainland China">Mainland China</a></td> <td>27,126 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a></td> <td>26,063 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Italy</td> <td>19,210 </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>At the 2016 census, the most commonly nominated ancestries were:<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-quickstats.censusdata.abs.gov.au_44-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-quickstats.censusdata.abs.gov.au-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-censusdata.abs.gov.au_45-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-censusdata.abs.gov.au-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 13em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/English_Australians" title="English Australians">English</a> (40.7%)</li> <li>Australian (33.2%)<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Australians" title="Irish Australians">Irish</a> (9.8%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Australians" title="Scottish Australians">Scottish</a> (9.4%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Australians" title="Italian Australians">Italian</a> (5.4%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Australians" title="Chinese Australians">Chinese</a> (4.5%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Australians" title="German Australians">German</a> (3.2%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_Australians" title="Indigenous Australians">Indigenous</a> (3.1%)<sup id="cite_ref-census_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-census-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>e<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Australians" title="Indian Australians">Indian</a> (3%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Australians" title="Dutch Australians">Dutch</a> (2.1%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filipino_Australians" title="Filipino Australians">Filipino</a> (1.6%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Australians" title="New Zealand Australians">New Zealander</a> (1.4%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_African_Australians" title="South African Australians">South African</a> (1.3%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_Australians" title="Māori Australians">Maori</a> (1.2%)</li></ul></div> <p>3.1% of the population, or 75,978 people, identified as <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_Australians" title="Indigenous Australians">Indigenous Australians</a> (<a href="/wiki/Aboriginal_Australians" title="Aboriginal Australians">Aboriginal Australians</a> and <a href="/wiki/Torres_Strait_Islanders" title="Torres Strait Islanders">Torres Strait Islanders</a>) in 2016.<sup id="cite_ref-census_50-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-census-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>e<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-quickstats.censusdata.abs.gov.au_44-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-quickstats.censusdata.abs.gov.au-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-censusdata.abs.gov.au_45-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-censusdata.abs.gov.au-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Language">Language</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Western_Australia&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Language"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>At the 2016 census, 75.2% of inhabitants spoke only English at home, with the next most common languages being <a href="/wiki/Mandarin_Chinese" title="Mandarin Chinese">Mandarin</a> (1.9%), Italian (1.2%), <a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_language" title="Vietnamese language">Vietnamese</a> (0.8%), <a href="/wiki/Cantonese" title="Cantonese">Cantonese</a> (0.8%) and <a href="/wiki/Tagalog_language" title="Tagalog language">Tagalog</a> (0.6%).<sup id="cite_ref-quickstats.censusdata.abs.gov.au_44-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-quickstats.censusdata.abs.gov.au-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-censusdata.abs.gov.au_45-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-censusdata.abs.gov.au-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religion">Religion</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Western_Australia&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Religion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to the 2021 census, <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a> is the major religious affiliation in WA, followed by 41.1% of its population. In 1971, Christianity was followed by 85.5% of the population and it has been declining since, while the percentage of people who identified as having no religious affiliation has increased from 8.7% in 1971 to 42.9% in 2021. A small minority of the population are <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Muslims</a> (2.5%), <a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhists</a> (2.2%) and <a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hindus</a> (2.0%).<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-quickstats_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-quickstats-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-censusdata.abs.gov.au_45-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-censusdata.abs.gov.au-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Western_Australia&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Economy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Western_Australia" title="Economy of Western Australia">Economy of Western Australia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Australia" title="Economy of Australia">Economy of Australia</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Brockman_4_Process_Plant,_July_2019_03.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Brockman_4_Process_Plant%2C_July_2019_03.jpg/220px-Brockman_4_Process_Plant%2C_July_2019_03.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Brockman_4_Process_Plant%2C_July_2019_03.jpg/330px-Brockman_4_Process_Plant%2C_July_2019_03.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Brockman_4_Process_Plant%2C_July_2019_03.jpg/440px-Brockman_4_Process_Plant%2C_July_2019_03.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5152" data-file-height="3864" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Brockman_4_mine" title="Brockman 4 mine">Brockman 4</a>, an <a href="/wiki/Iron_ore_mining_in_Western_Australia" title="Iron ore mining in Western Australia">iron ore mine</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Pilbara" title="Pilbara">Pilbara</a> </figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2007_Resource_production_WA-svg.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/2007_Resource_production_WA-svg.svg/220px-2007_Resource_production_WA-svg.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/2007_Resource_production_WA-svg.svg/330px-2007_Resource_production_WA-svg.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/2007_Resource_production_WA-svg.svg/440px-2007_Resource_production_WA-svg.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1275" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption>Western Australia's resource commodity mix, 2007</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Major_West_Australian_Commodities_2008-2009_($_million).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Major_West_Australian_Commodities_2008-2009_%28%24_million%29.png/220px-Major_West_Australian_Commodities_2008-2009_%28%24_million%29.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="178" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Major_West_Australian_Commodities_2008-2009_%28%24_million%29.png/330px-Major_West_Australian_Commodities_2008-2009_%28%24_million%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Major_West_Australian_Commodities_2008-2009_%28%24_million%29.png/440px-Major_West_Australian_Commodities_2008-2009_%28%24_million%29.png 2x" data-file-width="661" data-file-height="534" /></a><figcaption>Major commodity mix, 2008–2009</figcaption></figure> <p>Western Australia's economy is largely driven by extraction and processing of a diverse range of mineral and petroleum commodities. The structure of the economy is closely linked to these natural resources, providing a comparative advantage in resource extraction and processing. As a consequence: </p> <ul><li>Western Australia contributes an estimated 58% of Australia's Mineral and Energy Exports,<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> potentially earning up to 4.64% of Australia's total GDP.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gross_state_product" class="mw-redirect" title="Gross state product">Gross state product</a> per person ($97,940 in 2017–18) is higher than any other state and well above the national average ($73,267).<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Diversification (i.e. a greater <i>range</i> of commodities) over the past 15 years has provided a more balanced production base and less reliance on just a few major export markets, insulating the economy from fluctuations in world prices to some extent.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2011)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li>Finance, insurance and property services and construction have grown steadily and have increased their share of economic output.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Recent growth in global demand for minerals and petroleum, especially in China (iron-ore) and Japan (for LNG), has ensured economic growth above the national average.</li></ul> <p>In 2019 Western Australia's overseas exports accounted for 46% of the nation's total.<sup id="cite_ref-wsj_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wsj-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The state's major export commodities included iron-ore, petroleum, gold, <a href="/wiki/Alumina" class="mw-redirect" title="Alumina">alumina</a>, nickel, wheat, copper, lithium, chemicals and mineral sands.<sup id="cite_ref-profile_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-profile-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Western Australia is the world's largest iron-ore producer (34% of the world's total), and extracts 66% (6.9% of world production) of Australia's 306 tonnes (9.8 million troy ounces) of gold in 2022.<sup id="cite_ref-ga24_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ga24-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is a major world producer of bauxite, which is processed into alumina at four refineries providing 11% of total world production. Until 2020 diamonds were extracted from the world's largest <a href="/wiki/Argyle_diamond_mine" title="Argyle diamond mine">diamond mine</a> in the far north Kimberley region. Coal mined at <a href="/wiki/Collie,_Western_Australia" title="Collie, Western Australia">Collie</a> is the main fuel for baseload electricity generation in the state's south-west.<sup id="cite_ref-profile_59-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-profile-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-usgs_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-usgs-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Agricultural production in WA is a major contributor to the state and national economy. In the period 2010–2019 wheat production in WA has averaged nearly 10 million tonnes (22 billion pounds), valued at $2.816<span class="nowrap"> </span>billion in 2019, accounting for half the nation's total and providing $2–3<span class="nowrap"> </span>billion in export income.<sup id="cite_ref-cropreport_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cropreport-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-WAatAglance_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WAatAglance-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Other significant farm output includes wool, beef, lamb, barley, canola, lupins, oats and pulses.<sup id="cite_ref-cropreport_62-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cropreport-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There is a high level of overseas demand for live animals from WA, driven mainly by southeast Asia's feedlots and Middle Eastern countries, where <a href="/wiki/Islamic_dietary_laws" title="Islamic dietary laws">Islamic dietary laws</a> and a lack of storage and refrigeration facilities favour live animals over imports of processed meat. About half of Australia's live cattle exports come from Western Australia.<sup id="cite_ref-LivestockReport_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LivestockReport-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Resource sector growth in recent years has resulted in significant labour and skills shortages, leading to recent efforts by the state government to encourage interstate and overseas immigration.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to the 2006 census,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="There have been THREE censuses since then. (June 2024)">needs update</span></a></i>]</sup><sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the median individual income was A$500 per week in Western Australia (compared to A$466 in Australia as a whole). The median family income was A$1246 per week (compared to A$1171 for Australia). Recent growth has also contributed to significant rises in average property values in 2006, although values plateaued in 2007. </p><p>Located south of Perth, the heavy industrial area of <a href="/wiki/City_of_Kwinana" title="City of Kwinana">Kwinana</a> had the <a href="/wiki/Kwinana_Oil_Refinery" title="Kwinana Oil Refinery">nation's largest oil refinery</a> with a capacity of 23,200 cubic metres per day (146,000 barrels per day) until its closure in 2021, producing most of the state's petrol and diesel.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kwinana also hosts alumina and nickel processing plants, port facilities for grain and other bulk exports, and support industries for mining and petroleum such as heavy and light engineering, and metal fabrication. Shipbuilding (e.g. <a href="/wiki/Austal" title="Austal">Austal</a>) and associated support industries are found at nearby <a href="/wiki/Henderson,_Western_Australia" title="Henderson, Western Australia">Henderson</a>, just north of Kwinana. Significant secondary industries include cement and building product manufacturing, flour milling, food processing, animal feed production, automotive body building and printing. </p><p>Western Australia has a significant fishing industry. Products for local consumption and export include <a href="/wiki/Western_rock_lobster" class="mw-redirect" title="Western rock lobster">western rock lobsters</a>, prawns, crabs, shark and tuna, as well as pearl fishing in the <a href="/wiki/Kimberley_(Western_Australia)" title="Kimberley (Western Australia)">Kimberley</a> region of the state. Processing is conducted along the west coast. <a href="/wiki/Whaling" title="Whaling">Whaling</a> was a key marine industry but ceased at Albany in 1978. </p><p>Western Australia has the world's biggest plantations of both <a href="/wiki/Indian_sandalwood" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian sandalwood">Indian sandalwood</a> (northern WA)<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Australian_sandalwood" class="mw-redirect" title="Australian sandalwood">Australian sandalwood</a> (semi-arid regions), which are used to produce <a href="/wiki/Sandalwood_oil" title="Sandalwood oil">sandalwood oil</a> and <a href="/wiki/Incense" title="Incense">incense</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-waspfaq_71-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-waspfaq-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The WA <a href="/wiki/Sandalwood" title="Sandalwood">sandalwood</a> industry provides about 40% of the international sandalwood oil market.<sup id="cite_ref-abcdutjahn_72-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-abcdutjahn-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tourism">Tourism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Western_Australia&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Tourism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Broome_Cable_Beach_and_camels.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Broome_Cable_Beach_and_camels.jpg/220px-Broome_Cable_Beach_and_camels.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Broome_Cable_Beach_and_camels.jpg/330px-Broome_Cable_Beach_and_camels.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Broome_Cable_Beach_and_camels.jpg/440px-Broome_Cable_Beach_and_camels.jpg 2x" data-file-width="922" data-file-height="691" /></a><figcaption>Camel rides are a popular tourist activity at <a href="/wiki/Cable_Beach" title="Cable Beach">Cable Beach</a> in <a href="/wiki/Broome,_Western_Australia" title="Broome, Western Australia">Broome</a></figcaption></figure> <p>In recent years, tourism has grown in importance, with significant numbers of visitors to the state coming from the UK and Ireland (28%), other European countries (14%) Singapore (16%), Japan (10%) and Malaysia (8%).<sup id="cite_ref-WAatAglance_63-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WAatAglance-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Revenue from tourism is a strong economic driver in many of the smaller population centres outside of Perth, especially in coastal locations. </p><p>Tourism forms a major part of the Western Australian economy with 833,100 international visitors making up 12.8% of the total international tourism to Australia in the year ending March 2015. The top three source markets include the United Kingdom (17%), Singapore (10%), and New Zealand (10%) with the majority of purpose for visitation being holiday/vacation reasons.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The tourism industry contributes $9.3 billion to the Western Australian economy and supports 94,000 jobs within the state. Both directly and indirectly, the industry makes up 3.2% of the state's economy whilst comparatively, WA's largest revenue source, the mining sector, brings in 31%.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Tourism WA is the government agency responsible for promoting Western Australia as a holiday destination.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Government">Government</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Western_Australia&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Government"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Western_Australia" title="Government of Western Australia">Government of Western Australia</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Parliament_House,_Perth,_February_2022_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Parliament_House%2C_Perth%2C_February_2022_01.jpg/220px-Parliament_House%2C_Perth%2C_February_2022_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Parliament_House%2C_Perth%2C_February_2022_01.jpg/330px-Parliament_House%2C_Perth%2C_February_2022_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Parliament_House%2C_Perth%2C_February_2022_01.jpg/440px-Parliament_House%2C_Perth%2C_February_2022_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4022" data-file-height="2815" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Parliament_House,_Perth" title="Parliament House, Perth">Parliament House</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Western Australia was granted self-government in 1890<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with a bicameral <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Western_Australia" title="Parliament of Western Australia">Parliament</a> located in Perth, consisting of the <a href="/wiki/Western_Australian_Legislative_Assembly" title="Western Australian Legislative Assembly">Legislative Assembly</a> (or <i>lower house</i>), which has 59 members; and the <a href="/wiki/Western_Australian_Legislative_Council" title="Western Australian Legislative Council">Legislative Council</a> (or <i>upper house</i>), which has 36 members. Suffrage is universal and compulsory for citizens over 18 years of age. </p><p>With the federation of the Australian colonies in 1901, Western Australia became a state within Australia's <a href="/wiki/Federation" title="Federation">federal</a> structure; this involved ceding certain powers to the Commonwealth (or Federal) government in accordance with the Constitution; all powers not specifically granted to the Commonwealth remained solely with the State. However over time the Commonwealth has effectively expanded its powers through broad interpretation of its enumerated powers and increasing control of taxation and financial distribution (see <a href="/wiki/Federalism_in_Australia" title="Federalism in Australia">Federalism in Australia</a>). </p><p>Whilst the sovereign of Western Australia is <a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Australia" title="Monarchy of Australia">the monarch of Australia</a> (currently <a href="/wiki/Charles_III" title="Charles III">Charles III</a>) and executive power is nominally vested in his or her state representative, the <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Western_Australia" title="Governor of Western Australia">Governor</a> (currently <a href="/wiki/Chris_Dawson_(governor)" title="Chris Dawson (governor)">Chris Dawson</a>), executive power rests with the premier and ministers drawn from the party or coalition of parties holding a majority of seats in the Legislative Assembly. <a href="/wiki/Roger_Cook_(politician)" title="Roger Cook (politician)">Roger Cook</a> is the premier, having succeeded <a href="/wiki/Mark_McGowan" title="Mark McGowan">Mark McGowan</a> after his resignation in June 2023. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Secession">Secession</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Western_Australia&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Secession"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Secessionism_in_Western_Australia" title="Secessionism in Western Australia">Secessionism in Western Australia</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Westralia_secession_movement_meeting_1933.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Westralia_secession_movement_meeting_1933.jpg/220px-Westralia_secession_movement_meeting_1933.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Westralia_secession_movement_meeting_1933.jpg/330px-Westralia_secession_movement_meeting_1933.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Westralia_secession_movement_meeting_1933.jpg/440px-Westralia_secession_movement_meeting_1933.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="354" /></a><figcaption>A 1933 meeting of the Dominion League in support of secession.</figcaption></figure> <p>Secessionism has been a recurring feature of Western Australia's political landscape since shortly after European settlement in 1826. Western Australia was the most reluctant participant in the <a href="/wiki/Federation_of_Australia" title="Federation of Australia">Commonwealth of Australia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Western Australia did not participate in the earliest federation conference. Longer-term residents of Western Australia were generally opposed to federation; however, the discovery of gold brought many immigrants from other parts of Australia. It was these residents, primarily in Kalgoorlie but also in Albany who voted to join the Commonwealth, and the proposal of these areas being admitted separately under the name <a href="/wiki/Auralia" title="Auralia">Auralia</a> was considered.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2014)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In a <a href="/wiki/1933_Western_Australian_secession_referendum" title="1933 Western Australian secession referendum">referendum in April 1933</a>, 68% of voters voted for the state to leave the Commonwealth of Australia with the aim of returning to the British Empire as an autonomous territory. The State Government sent a delegation to <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Parliament of the United Kingdom">Westminster</a>, but the British Government ruled that after the <a href="/wiki/Statute_of_Westminster_1931" title="Statute of Westminster 1931">Statute of Westminster 1931</a>, it no longer had the authority to amend the constitution of Australia without the consent of its federal government; the British Government took no action.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Local_government">Local government</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Western_Australia&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Local government"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Western Australia is divided into 139 <a href="/wiki/Local_Government_Areas_of_Western_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Local Government Areas of Western Australia">Local Government Areas</a>, including <a href="/wiki/Shire_of_Christmas_Island" title="Shire of Christmas Island">Christmas Island</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Shire_of_Cocos" class="mw-redirect" title="Shire of Cocos">Cocos (Keeling) Islands</a>. Their mandate and operations are governed by the <a href="/wiki/Local_Government_Act_1995" title="Local Government Act 1995">Local Government Act 1995</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education">Education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Western_Australia&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:UWAWinthropHallSunsetcurves_gobeirne.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/UWAWinthropHallSunsetcurves_gobeirne.jpg/220px-UWAWinthropHallSunsetcurves_gobeirne.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/UWAWinthropHallSunsetcurves_gobeirne.jpg/330px-UWAWinthropHallSunsetcurves_gobeirne.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/UWAWinthropHallSunsetcurves_gobeirne.jpg/440px-UWAWinthropHallSunsetcurves_gobeirne.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/University_of_Western_Australia" title="University of Western Australia">University of Western Australia</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Education in Western Australia consists of one year of pre-school at age 4 or 5, followed by six years of primary education for all students as of 2015.<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At age 12 or 13, students begin six years of secondary education. Students are required to attend school up until they are 16 years old. Sixteen and 17 year olds are required to be enrolled in school or a training organisation, be employed or be in a combination of school/training/employment.<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Students have the option to study at a <a href="/wiki/Technical_and_further_education" title="Technical and further education">TAFE</a> college after Year 10,<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or continue through to Year 12 with vocational courses or a university entrance courses.<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There are five universities in Western Australia. They consist of four <a href="/wiki/Perth" title="Perth">Perth</a>-based <a href="/wiki/Public_university" title="Public university">public universities</a>, being the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Western_Australia" title="University of Western Australia">University of Western Australia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Curtin_University" title="Curtin University">Curtin University</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edith_Cowan_University" title="Edith Cowan University">Edith Cowan University</a> and <a href="/wiki/Murdoch_University" title="Murdoch University">Murdoch University</a>; and one <a href="/wiki/Fremantle" title="Fremantle">Fremantle</a>-based <a href="/wiki/Private_university" title="Private university">private Roman Catholic university</a>, the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Notre_Dame_Australia" title="University of Notre Dame Australia">University of Notre Dame Australia</a>. The <a href="/wiki/University_of_Notre_Dame_Australia" title="University of Notre Dame Australia">University of Notre Dame</a> is also one of only two <a href="/wiki/Private_university" title="Private university">private universities</a> in Australia, along with <a href="/wiki/Bond_University" title="Bond University">Bond University</a>, a not-for-profit private education provider based in <a href="/wiki/Gold_Coast,_Queensland" title="Gold Coast, Queensland">Gold Coast, Queensland</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Media">Media</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Western_Australia&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Media"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Print">Print</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Western_Australia&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Print"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_newspapers_in_Western_Australia" title="List of newspapers in Western Australia">List of newspapers in Western Australia</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:OIC_herdsman_newspaper_house_3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/OIC_herdsman_newspaper_house_3.jpg/220px-OIC_herdsman_newspaper_house_3.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/OIC_herdsman_newspaper_house_3.jpg/330px-OIC_herdsman_newspaper_house_3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/OIC_herdsman_newspaper_house_3.jpg/440px-OIC_herdsman_newspaper_house_3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Seven_West_Media" title="Seven West Media">Seven West Media</a>'s Newspaper House, where <i><a href="/wiki/The_West_Australian" title="The West Australian">The West Australian</a></i> newspaper is produced</figcaption></figure><p>Western Australia has two daily newspapers: the <a href="/wiki/Seven_West_Media" title="Seven West Media">Seven West Media</a>-owned tabloid <i><a href="/wiki/The_West_Australian" title="The West Australian">The West Australian</a></i> and the <i><a href="/wiki/Kalgoorlie_Miner" title="Kalgoorlie Miner">Kalgoorlie Miner</a></i>. Also published is one weekend paper, <i>The Weekend West</i>, and one Sunday tabloid newspaper, which is also owned by Seven West Media after purchase from <a href="/wiki/News_Corp_Australia" title="News Corp Australia">News Corporation's</a> <i><a href="/wiki/The_Sunday_Times_(Western_Australia)" title="The Sunday Times (Western Australia)">The Sunday Times</a></i>. There are also 17 weekly <a href="/wiki/Community_paper" title="Community paper">community newspapers</a> with distribution from <a href="/wiki/Yanchep" title="Yanchep">Yanchep</a> in the north to <a href="/wiki/Mandurah" title="Mandurah">Mandurah</a> in the south. There are two major weekly rural papers in the state, <i>Countryman</i> and the <a href="/wiki/Australian_Community_Media" title="Australian Community Media">Australian Community Media</a>-owned <i><a href="/wiki/Farm_Weekly" title="Farm Weekly">Farm Weekly</a></i>. The national broadsheet publication <i><a href="/wiki/The_Australian" title="The Australian">The Australian</a></i> is also available, although with sales per capita lagging far behind those in other states. <i><a href="/wiki/WAtoday" title="WAtoday">WAtoday</a></i> is an online newspaper owned by <a href="/wiki/Nine_Entertainment" title="Nine Entertainment">Nine Entertainment</a>, focusing its coverage on Perth and Western Australia. </p><div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Television">Television</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Western_Australia&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Television"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Metropolitan Perth has five broadcast television stations; </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Australian Broadcasting Corporation">ABC TV</a> WA. (Callsign: <a href="/wiki/ABW_(TV_station)" title="ABW (TV station)">ABW</a> – Channel 12 Digital)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_Broadcasting_Service" title="Special Broadcasting Service">SBS</a> WA. (Callsign: <a href="/wiki/SBS_(Australian_TV_channel)" title="SBS (Australian TV channel)">SBS</a> – was on Channel 29 Digital – now Channel 7 Digital since the 2013 retune)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seven_Network" title="Seven Network">Seven Network</a> Perth. (Callsign: <a href="/wiki/TVW" title="TVW">TVW</a> – Channel 6 Digital)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nine_Network" title="Nine Network">Nine Network</a> Perth. (Callsign: <a href="/wiki/STW" title="STW">STW</a> – Channel 8 Digital)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Network_Ten" class="mw-redirect" title="Network Ten">Network Ten</a> Perth. (Callsign: <a href="/wiki/NEW_(TV_station)" title="NEW (TV station)">NEW</a> – Channel 11 Digital)</li> <li>Perth formerly had <a href="/wiki/West_TV" title="West TV">West TV</a>, a free-to-air community television channel that began broadcasting in April 2010 and ceased broadcasting in February 2020. It replaced <a href="/wiki/Access_31" title="Access 31">Access 31</a>, which ceased broadcasting in August 2008.</li></ul> <p>Regional WA has a similar availability of stations as Perth. Geographically, it is one of the largest television markets in the world, including almost one-third of the continent. </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Golden_West_Network" class="mw-redirect" title="Golden West Network">Golden West Network (GWN7)</a>. Owned by <a href="/wiki/Seven_West_Media" title="Seven West Media">Seven West Media</a>. (Callsigns: SSW South West, VEW Goldfields/Esperance, GTW Central West, WAW remote areas)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/WIN_Television_WA" class="mw-redirect" title="WIN Television WA">WIN Television WA</a>. Affiliated with Nine (Callsign: WOW)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Digital_Television" title="West Digital Television">West Digital Television</a>. Affiliated with Ten (Callsigns: SDW South West, VDW Goldfields/Esperance, GDW Central West, WDW remote areas)</li> <li>Regional WA used to have <a href="/wiki/Westlink_(Australian_TV_channel)" title="Westlink (Australian TV channel)">Westlink</a>. An open-narrowcast community-based television channel that was only on satellite until Westlink's discontinuation in 2018. (Satellite only)</li></ul> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ABC_Perth_gnangarra.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/ABC_Perth_gnangarra.JPG/220px-ABC_Perth_gnangarra.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="265" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/ABC_Perth_gnangarra.JPG/330px-ABC_Perth_gnangarra.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/ABC_Perth_gnangarra.JPG/440px-ABC_Perth_gnangarra.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2820" data-file-height="3396" /></a><figcaption>ABC studios in <a href="/wiki/East_Perth,_Western_Australia" title="East Perth, Western Australia">East Perth</a></figcaption></figure> <p>In addition, broadcasters operate digital multichannels: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ABC_HD_(Australian_TV_channel)" class="mw-redirect" title="ABC HD (Australian TV channel)">ABC HD</a> (Carried by <a href="/wiki/ABW_(TV_station)" title="ABW (TV station)">ABW</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ABC_TV_Plus" class="mw-redirect" title="ABC TV Plus">ABC TV Plus</a> (Carried by <a href="/wiki/ABW_(TV_station)" title="ABW (TV station)">ABW</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ABC_Me" class="mw-redirect" title="ABC Me">ABC Me</a> (Carried by <a href="/wiki/ABW_(TV_station)" title="ABW (TV station)">ABW</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ABC_News_(TV_channel)" class="mw-redirect" title="ABC News (TV channel)">ABC News</a> (Carried by <a href="/wiki/ABW_(TV_station)" title="ABW (TV station)">ABW</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/SBS_HD" class="mw-redirect" title="SBS HD">SBS HD</a> (Carried by <a href="/wiki/SBS-TV" class="mw-redirect" title="SBS-TV">SBS</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/SBS_Viceland" title="SBS Viceland">SBS Viceland</a> (Carried by <a href="/wiki/SBS-TV" class="mw-redirect" title="SBS-TV">SBS</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/SBS_World_Movies" title="SBS World Movies">SBS World Movies</a> (Carried by <a href="/wiki/SBS-TV" class="mw-redirect" title="SBS-TV">SBS</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/SBS_Food" title="SBS Food">SBS Food</a> (Carried by <a href="/wiki/SBS-TV" class="mw-redirect" title="SBS-TV">SBS</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Indigenous_Television" title="National Indigenous Television">NITV</a> (Carried by <a href="/wiki/SBS-TV" class="mw-redirect" title="SBS-TV">SBS</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/SBS_WorldWatch" title="SBS WorldWatch">SBS WorldWatch</a> (Carried by <a href="/wiki/SBS-TV" class="mw-redirect" title="SBS-TV">SBS</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/7HD" class="mw-redirect" title="7HD">7HD</a> (Carried by <a href="/wiki/TVW" title="TVW">TVW</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/7TWO" class="mw-redirect" title="7TWO">7TWO</a> (Carried by <a href="/wiki/TVW" title="TVW">TVW</a> and affiliates)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/7mate" title="7mate">7mate</a> (Carried by <a href="/wiki/TVW" title="TVW">TVW</a> and affiliates)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/7flix" title="7flix">7flix</a> (Carried by <a href="/wiki/TVW" title="TVW">TVW</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racing.com" title="Racing.com">Racing.com</a> (Carried by <a href="/wiki/TVW" title="TVW">TVW</a> and affiliates)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/9HD" class="mw-redirect" title="9HD">9HD</a> (Carried by <a href="/wiki/STW" title="STW">STW</a> and affiliates)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/9Gem_(Australian_TV_channel)" class="mw-redirect" title="9Gem (Australian TV channel)">9Gem</a> (Carried by <a href="/wiki/STW" title="STW">STW</a> and affiliates)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/9Go!_(Australian_TV_channel)" class="mw-redirect" title="9Go! (Australian TV channel)">9Go!</a> (Carried by <a href="/wiki/STW" title="STW">STW</a> and affiliates)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/9Life" title="9Life">9Life</a> (Carried by <a href="/wiki/STW" title="STW">STW</a> and affiliates)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/9Rush" title="9Rush">9Rush</a> (Carried by <a href="/wiki/STW" title="STW">STW</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extra_(Australian_TV_channel)" title="Extra (Australian TV channel)">Extra</a> (Carried by <a href="/wiki/STW" title="STW">STW</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/10_Bold" class="mw-redirect" title="10 Bold">10 Bold</a> (Carried by <a href="/wiki/NEW_(TV_station)" title="NEW (TV station)">NEW</a> and affiliate)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/10_Peach" class="mw-redirect" title="10 Peach">10 Peach</a> (Carried by <a href="/wiki/NEW_(TV_station)" title="NEW (TV station)">NEW</a> and affiliate)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/10_Shake" class="mw-redirect" title="10 Shake">10 Shake</a> (Carried by <a href="/wiki/NEW_(TV_station)" title="NEW (TV station)">NEW</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/10_HD" class="mw-redirect" title="10 HD">10 HD</a> (Carried by <a href="/wiki/NEW_(TV_station)" title="NEW (TV station)">NEW</a> and affiliate)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/TVSN" title="TVSN">TVSN</a> (Carried by <a href="/wiki/NEW_(TV_station)" title="NEW (TV station)">NEW</a> and affiliate)</li> <li>Gecko TV (Carried by <a href="/wiki/NEW_(TV_station)" title="NEW (TV station)">NEW</a>)</li></ul> <p>Pay TV services are provided by <a href="/wiki/Foxtel" title="Foxtel">Foxtel</a>, which acquired many of the assets and all the remaining subscribers of the insolvent <a href="/wiki/Galaxy_(Australian_television)" title="Galaxy (Australian television)">Galaxy Television</a> satellite service in 1998. Some metropolitan suburbs are serviced by Pay TV via cable; however, most of the metropolitan and rural areas can only access Pay TV via satellite. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Radio">Radio</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Western_Australia&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Radio"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Perth has many radio stations on both AM and FM frequencies. ABC stations include <a href="/wiki/ABC_NewsRadio" title="ABC NewsRadio">ABC NewsRadio</a> (6PB 585 AM), <a href="/wiki/ABC_Radio_Perth" title="ABC Radio Perth">ABC Radio Perth</a> (6WF 720 AM), <a href="/wiki/Radio_National" title="Radio National">Radio National</a> (6RN 810 AM), <a href="/wiki/ABC_Classic_FM" class="mw-redirect" title="ABC Classic FM">ABC Classic FM</a> (6ABC 97.7FM) and <a href="/wiki/Triple_J" title="Triple J">Triple J</a> (6JJJ 99.3FM). The six commercial stations are: <a href="/wiki/Triple_M_Perth" title="Triple M Perth">Triple M</a> (6PPM), <a href="/wiki/Nova_93.7" title="Nova 93.7">Nova 93.7</a> (6PER), <a href="/wiki/Mix_94.5" title="Mix 94.5">Mix 94.5</a> (6MIX), <a href="/wiki/96FM_(Perth_radio_station)" title="96FM (Perth radio station)">96FM</a> (6NOW) and AM 882 (6PR), AM 1080 (<a href="/wiki/6IX_(radio_station)" title="6IX (radio station)">6iX</a>) and AM 1116 (6MM) </p><p>The leading <a href="/wiki/Community_radio" title="Community radio">community radio</a> stations are <a href="/wiki/Curtin_FM" class="mw-redirect" title="Curtin FM">Curtin FM</a> 100.1, <a href="/wiki/RTRFM" title="RTRFM">6RTR</a> FM 92.1, Sonshine FM 98.5 (6SON) and <a href="/wiki/91.3_SportFM" title="91.3 SportFM">91.3 SportFM</a> (6WSM). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Western_Australia&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Arts_and_entertainment">Arts and entertainment</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Western_Australia&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Arts and entertainment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hackett_Hall,_Western_Australian_Museum,_Perth,_2023,_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Hackett_Hall%2C_Western_Australian_Museum%2C_Perth%2C_2023%2C_01.jpg/220px-Hackett_Hall%2C_Western_Australian_Museum%2C_Perth%2C_2023%2C_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="175" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Hackett_Hall%2C_Western_Australian_Museum%2C_Perth%2C_2023%2C_01.jpg/330px-Hackett_Hall%2C_Western_Australian_Museum%2C_Perth%2C_2023%2C_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Hackett_Hall%2C_Western_Australian_Museum%2C_Perth%2C_2023%2C_01.jpg/440px-Hackett_Hall%2C_Western_Australian_Museum%2C_Perth%2C_2023%2C_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3780" data-file-height="3013" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Western_Australian_Museum" title="Western Australian Museum">WA Museum Boola Bardip</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Western Australia is home to one of the country's leading performance training institutions, the acclaimed <a href="/wiki/Western_Australian_Academy_of_Performing_Arts" title="Western Australian Academy of Performing Arts">Western Australian Academy of Performing Arts</a> (WAAPA), as well as a burgeoning theatrical and musical scene. Notable musicians and bands to have been born in or lived in Western Australia include <a href="/wiki/Adam_Brand_(musician)" title="Adam Brand (musician)">Adam Brand</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ammonia_(band)" title="Ammonia (band)">Ammonia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Karnivool" title="Karnivool">Karnivool</a>, <a href="/wiki/Birds_of_Tokyo" title="Birds of Tokyo">Birds of Tokyo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bon_Scott" title="Bon Scott">Bon Scott</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eskimo_Joe" title="Eskimo Joe">Eskimo Joe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Johnny_Young" title="Johnny Young">Johnny Young</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gyroscope_(band)" title="Gyroscope (band)">Gyroscope</a>, the <a href="/wiki/John_Butler_Trio" title="John Butler Trio">John Butler Trio</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tame_Impala" title="Tame Impala">Tame Impala</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kevin_Mitchell_(musician)" title="Kevin Mitchell (musician)">Kevin Mitchell</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tim_Minchin" title="Tim Minchin">Tim Minchin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Troye_Sivan" title="Troye Sivan">Troye Sivan</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Kill_Devil_Hills" title="The Kill Devil Hills">the Kill Devil Hills</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pendulum_(drum_and_bass_band)" title="Pendulum (drum and bass band)">Pendulum</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Pigram_Brothers" title="The Pigram Brothers">the Pigram Brothers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rolf_Harris" title="Rolf Harris">Rolf Harris</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stella_Donnelly" title="Stella Donnelly">Stella Donnelly</a> and <a href="/wiki/The_Triffids" title="The Triffids">the Triffids</a>. The <a href="/wiki/West_Australian_Music_Industry_Awards" title="West Australian Music Industry Awards">West Australian Music Industry Awards</a> (WAMis) have been awarded every year to the leading musicians and performers in WA since 2001. </p><p>Notable actors and television personalities from Western Australia include <a href="/wiki/Heath_Ledger" title="Heath Ledger">Heath Ledger</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sam_Worthington" title="Sam Worthington">Sam Worthington</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ernie_Dingo" title="Ernie Dingo">Ernie Dingo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jessica_Marais" title="Jessica Marais">Jessica Marais</a>, <a href="/wiki/Megan_Gale" title="Megan Gale">Megan Gale</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rove_McManus" title="Rove McManus">Rove McManus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Isla_Fisher" title="Isla Fisher">Isla Fisher</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Melissa_George" title="Melissa George">Melissa George</a>. Films and television series filmed or partly filmed in Western Australia include <i><a href="/wiki/Rabbit-Proof_Fence" title="Rabbit-Proof Fence">Rabbit-Proof Fence</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Heights_(Australian_TV_series)" title="The Heights (Australian TV series)">The Heights</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Mystery_Road_(TV_series)" title="Mystery Road (TV series)">Mystery Road</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/These_Final_Hours" title="These Final Hours">These Final Hours</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Cloudstreet" title="Cloudstreet">Cloudstreet</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Jasper_Jones_(film)" title="Jasper Jones (film)">Jasper Jones</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Australia_(2008_film)" title="Australia (2008 film)">Australia</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Bran_Nue_Dae_(film)" title="Bran Nue Dae (film)">Bran Nu Dae</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Red_Dog_(film)" title="Red Dog (film)">Red Dog</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/ABBA:_the_Movie" class="mw-redirect" title="ABBA: the Movie">ABBA: the Movie</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Last_Train_to_Freo" title="Last Train to Freo">Last Train to Freo</a></i>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Art_Gallery_of_WA.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Art_Gallery_of_WA.jpg/220px-Art_Gallery_of_WA.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Art_Gallery_of_WA.jpg/330px-Art_Gallery_of_WA.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Art_Gallery_of_WA.jpg/440px-Art_Gallery_of_WA.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Art_Gallery_of_Western_Australia" title="Art Gallery of Western Australia">Art Gallery of Western Australia</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Noted Western Australian Indigenous painters and artisans include <a href="/wiki/Jack_Dale_Mengenen" title="Jack Dale Mengenen">Jack Dale Mengenen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paddy_Bedford" class="mw-redirect" title="Paddy Bedford">Paddy Bedford</a>, <a href="/wiki/Queenie_McKenzie" title="Queenie McKenzie">Queenie McKenzie</a>, and siblings <a href="/wiki/Nyuju_Stumpy_Brown" title="Nyuju Stumpy Brown">Nyuju Stumpy Brown</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rover_Thomas" title="Rover Thomas">Rover Thomas</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-abc_84-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-abc-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/West_Australian_Symphony_Orchestra" title="West Australian Symphony Orchestra">West Australian Symphony Orchestra</a> (WASO) is based at the <a href="/wiki/Perth_Concert_Hall,_Western_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Perth Concert Hall, Western Australia">Perth Concert Hall</a>. Other concert, performance and indoor sporting venues in Western Australia include <a href="/wiki/His_Majesty%27s_Theatre,_Western_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="His Majesty's Theatre, Western Australia">His Majesty's Theatre</a>, the <a href="/wiki/State_Theatre_Centre_of_Western_Australia" title="State Theatre Centre of Western Australia">State Theatre Centre of Western Australia</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Crown_Perth" title="Crown Perth">Crown Theatre</a> and <a href="/wiki/Perth_Arena" title="Perth Arena">Perth Arena</a>, which opened in 2012. Performing arts companies based in Perth include the <a href="/wiki/West_Australian_Ballet" title="West Australian Ballet">West Australian Ballet</a>, the <a href="/wiki/West_Australian_Opera" title="West Australian Opera">West Australian Opera</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Black_Swan_State_Theatre_Company" title="Black Swan State Theatre Company">Black Swan State Theatre Company</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Perth_Theatre_Company" title="Perth Theatre Company">Perth Theatre Company</a>. </p><p>Western Australia has served as the setting for a number of works of <a href="/wiki/Australian_literature" title="Australian literature">Australian literature</a>. Prominent authors include <a href="/wiki/Katharine_Susannah_Prichard" title="Katharine Susannah Prichard">Katharine Susannah Prichard</a>, <a href="/wiki/Randolph_Stow" title="Randolph Stow">Randolph Stow</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tim_Winton" title="Tim Winton">Tim Winton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kim_Scott" title="Kim Scott">Kim Scott</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sally_Morgan_(artist)" title="Sally Morgan (artist)">Sally Morgan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joan_London_(Australian_author)" title="Joan London (Australian author)">Joan London</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mary_Durack" title="Mary Durack">Mary Durack</a> and <a href="/wiki/Craig_Silvey" title="Craig Silvey">Craig Silvey</a>. </p><p>The public <a href="/wiki/Art_Gallery_of_Western_Australia" title="Art Gallery of Western Australia">Art Gallery of Western Australia</a> is part of the <a href="/wiki/Perth_Cultural_Centre" title="Perth Cultural Centre">Perth Cultural Centre</a>. Founded in 1895, it houses the State Art Collection, comprising works from local and international artists, dating back to the 1800s.<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Perth_Cultural_Centre" title="Perth Cultural Centre">Perth Cultural Centre</a> is also home to the <a href="/wiki/Western_Australian_Museum" title="Western Australian Museum">Western Australian Museum</a>, <a href="/wiki/State_Library_of_Western_Australia" title="State Library of Western Australia">State Library of Western Australia</a>, <a href="/wiki/State_Records_Office_of_Western_Australia" title="State Records Office of Western Australia">State Records Office</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Perth_Institute_of_Contemporary_Arts" title="Perth Institute of Contemporary Arts">Perth Institute of Contemporary Arts</a> (PICA). Western Australia has a <a href="/wiki/Public_library" title="Public library">public library system</a>, with <a href="/wiki/List_of_libraries_in_Western_Australia#Public_libraries" title="List of libraries in Western Australia">libraries in every local government area</a> (although some public libraries are shared school libraries). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sport">Sport</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Western_Australia&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Sport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Western_Australia" title="Sport in Western Australia">Sport in Western Australia</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Shaun_McManus_attempts_a_tackle_during_his_farewell_match.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Shaun_McManus_attempts_a_tackle_during_his_farewell_match.jpg/220px-Shaun_McManus_attempts_a_tackle_during_his_farewell_match.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Shaun_McManus_attempts_a_tackle_during_his_farewell_match.jpg/330px-Shaun_McManus_attempts_a_tackle_during_his_farewell_match.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Shaun_McManus_attempts_a_tackle_during_his_farewell_match.jpg/440px-Shaun_McManus_attempts_a_tackle_during_his_farewell_match.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1202" /></a><figcaption>Matches between the two Western Australian teams, the <a href="/wiki/West_Coast_Eagles" title="West Coast Eagles">West Coast Eagles</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Fremantle_Dockers" class="mw-redirect" title="Fremantle Dockers">Fremantle Dockers</a>, are known as the <a href="/wiki/Western_Derby" title="Western Derby">Western Derby</a></figcaption></figure> <p>A number of national or international sporting teams and events are based in the state, including: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australian_rules_football" title="Australian rules football">Australian rules football</a>: The <a href="/wiki/West_Coast_Eagles" title="West Coast Eagles">West Coast Eagles</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Fremantle_Dockers" class="mw-redirect" title="Fremantle Dockers">Fremantle Dockers</a> compete in the <a href="/wiki/Australian_Football_League" title="Australian Football League">Australian Football League</a> (AFL). They also have women's teams playing in the <a href="/wiki/AFL_Women%27s" title="AFL Women's">AFL Women's</a> league. The <a href="/wiki/West_Australian_Football_League" title="West Australian Football League">West Australian Football League</a> (WAFL) is the main local football competition, but other <a href="/wiki/Australian_rules_football_in_Western_Australia" title="Australian rules football in Western Australia">local and amateur football leagues</a> exist across the state.</li> <li>Baseball: The <a href="/wiki/Perth_Heat" title="Perth Heat">Perth Heat</a> compete in the <a href="/wiki/Australian_Baseball_League" title="Australian Baseball League">Australian Baseball League</a>.</li> <li>Basketball: The <a href="/wiki/Perth_Wildcats" title="Perth Wildcats">Perth Wildcats</a> (men) and <a href="/wiki/Perth_Lynx" title="Perth Lynx">Perth Lynx</a> (women) compete in the <a href="/wiki/National_Basketball_League_(Australasia)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Basketball League (Australasia)">National Basketball League</a> and <a href="/wiki/Women%27s_National_Basketball_League" title="Women's National Basketball League">Women's National Basketball League</a>, respectively.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cricket" title="Cricket">Cricket</a>: <a href="/wiki/Western_Australia_cricket_team" title="Western Australia cricket team">Western Australia</a> represent the state in <a href="/wiki/First-class_cricket" title="First-class cricket">first-class</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_A_cricket" title="List A cricket">List A</a> domestic cricket, with the <a href="/wiki/Perth_Scorchers" title="Perth Scorchers">Perth Scorchers</a> competing in the <a href="/wiki/Twenty20" title="Twenty20">Twenty20</a> <a href="/wiki/Big_Bash_League" title="Big Bash League">Big Bash League</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Field_hockey" title="Field hockey">Field hockey</a>: The <a href="/wiki/WA_Thundersticks" title="WA Thundersticks">Thundersticks</a> (men) and Diamonds (women) compete in the <a href="/wiki/Australian_Hockey_League" title="Australian Hockey League">Australian Hockey League</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netball" title="Netball">Netball</a>: The <a href="/wiki/West_Coast_Fever" title="West Coast Fever">West Coast Fever</a> compete in the <a href="/wiki/ANZ_Championship" title="ANZ Championship">ANZ Championship</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugby_league" title="Rugby league">Rugby league</a>: The <a href="/wiki/West_Coast_Pirates" title="West Coast Pirates">West Coast Pirates</a> compete in the <a href="/wiki/S._G._Ball_Cup" title="S. G. Ball Cup">S. G. Ball Cup</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugby_union" title="Rugby union">Rugby union</a>: The <a href="/wiki/Western_Force" title="Western Force">Western Force</a> competes in <a href="/wiki/Super_Rugby_Pacific" class="mw-redirect" title="Super Rugby Pacific">Super Rugby Pacific</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soccer" class="mw-redirect" title="Soccer">Soccer</a>: <a href="/wiki/Perth_Glory" class="mw-redirect" title="Perth Glory">Perth Glory</a> field <a href="/wiki/Perth_Glory_FC" title="Perth Glory FC">men's</a> and <a href="/wiki/Perth_Glory_FC_W-League" class="mw-redirect" title="Perth Glory FC W-League">women's</a> teams in the <a href="/wiki/A-League_Men" title="A-League Men">A-League Men</a> and <a href="/wiki/A-League_Women" title="A-League Women">A-League Women</a>, respectively.</li> <li>Tennis: The <a href="/wiki/International_Tennis_Federation" title="International Tennis Federation">ITF</a> <a href="/wiki/Hopman_Cup" title="Hopman Cup">Hopman Cup</a>, an annual international team indoor hardcourt tennis tournament.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_Polo" class="mw-redirect" title="Water Polo">Water Polo</a>: The <a href="/wiki/UWA_Torpedoes" title="UWA Torpedoes">UWA Torpedoes</a> water polo club competes in the <a href="/wiki/Australian_National_Water_Polo_League" class="mw-redirect" title="Australian National Water Polo League">National Water Polo League (NWPL)</a>.</li></ul> <p>International sporting events hosted in the past in Western Australia include the <a href="/wiki/Tom_Hoad_Cup" title="Tom Hoad Cup">Tom Hoad Cup</a> (water polo), the <a href="/wiki/Perth_International" title="Perth International">Perth International</a> (golf), the 2006 <a href="/wiki/Gravity_Games" title="Gravity Games">Gravity Games</a> (<a href="/wiki/Extreme_sports" class="mw-redirect" title="Extreme sports">extreme sports</a>), the 2002 <a href="/wiki/Women%27s_Hockey_World_Cup" class="mw-redirect" title="Women's Hockey World Cup">Women's Hockey World Cup</a>, the 1991 <a href="/wiki/FINA_World_Aquatics_Championships" class="mw-redirect" title="FINA World Aquatics Championships">FINA World Aquatics Championships</a>, the <a href="/wiki/World_Rally_Championships" class="mw-redirect" title="World Rally Championships">World Rally Championships</a> and the <a href="/wiki/1962_British_Empire_and_Commonwealth_Games" title="1962 British Empire and Commonwealth Games">1962 British Empire and Commonwealth Games</a>. </p><p>Western Australia's largest sports stadium is <a href="/wiki/Perth_Stadium" title="Perth Stadium">Perth Stadium</a>, also known by naming rights sponsorship as Optus Stadium. It has a capacity of over 60,000 people and is primarily used for Australian rules football and cricket. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Wine">Wine</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Western_Australia&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Wine"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Western_Australian_wine" title="Western Australian wine">Western Australian wine</a></div> <p>Winemaking regions are concentrated in the cooler climate of the <a href="/wiki/West_Australian_wine#South_Western_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="West Australian wine">south-western portion</a> of the state. Western Australia produces less than 5% of the country's wine output, but in quality terms is considered to be very much near the top.<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Sotheby_87-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sotheby-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-western_australian_wine_88-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-western_australian_wine-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ocw-wa_89-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ocw-wa-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Major wine producing regions include: <a href="/wiki/Margaret_River_(wine_region)" title="Margaret River (wine region)">Margaret River</a>, <a href="/wiki/Great_Southern_Wine_Region" class="mw-redirect" title="Great Southern Wine Region">The Great Southern</a>, <a href="/wiki/Swan_Valley_(Western_Australia)" title="Swan Valley (Western Australia)">Swan Valley</a> as well as smaller districts including <a href="/wiki/Blackwood_Valley" title="Blackwood Valley">Blackwood Valley</a>, <a href="/wiki/Manjimup,_Western_Australia" title="Manjimup, Western Australia">Manjimup</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pemberton,_Western_Australia" title="Pemberton, Western Australia">Pemberton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peel_(Western_Australia)" title="Peel (Western Australia)">Peel</a>, Chittering Valley, <a href="/wiki/Perth_Hills" title="Perth Hills">Perth Hills</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Geographe_Bay" title="Geographe Bay">Geographe</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-western_australian_wine_88-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-western_australian_wine-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sister_states">Sister states</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Western_Australia&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Sister states"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Western Australia has five sister states:<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/East_Java" title="East Java">East Java</a>, Indonesia</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hy%C5%8Dgo_Prefecture" title="Hyōgo Prefecture">Hyōgo Prefecture</a>, Japan</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andhra_Pradesh" title="Andhra Pradesh">Andhra Pradesh State</a>, India</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuscany" title="Tuscany">Tuscany Region</a>, Italy</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhejiang" title="Zhejiang">Zhejiang Province</a>, China</li></ul> <p>In 1981, a <a href="/wiki/Sister_city" title="Sister city">sister state</a> agreement was drawn up between Western Australia and <a href="/wiki/Hy%C5%8Dgo_Prefecture" title="Hyōgo Prefecture">Hyōgo Prefecture</a> in Japan that was aimed at improving cultural ties between the two states.<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Hyogo_92-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hyogo-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> To commemorate the 10th anniversary of this agreement, the Hyōgo Prefectural Government Cultural Centre was established in Perth in 1992.<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Prior to that, the Western Australian government opened an office in <a href="/wiki/Kobe" title="Kobe">Kobe</a>, the largest city in Hyōgo, to facilitate maintenance of the relationship in 1989.<sup id="cite_ref-Hyogo_92-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hyogo-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-garden_94-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-garden-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Following the <a href="/wiki/Great_Hanshin_earthquake" title="Great Hanshin earthquake">Great Hanshin earthquake</a> that devastated southern Hyōgo in January 1995, Western Australian groups and businesses raised funds and provided materials, whilst individuals travelled to Hyōgo to help with emergency relief and the subsequent reconstruction process.<sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The two governments signed a <a href="/wiki/Memorandum_of_understanding" title="Memorandum of understanding">memorandum of understanding</a> on the 20th anniversary in 2001 that aimed to improve the economic relationship between the two states.<sup id="cite_ref-Hyogo_92-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hyogo-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Further to the sister state relationship, the <a href="/wiki/City_of_Rockingham" title="City of Rockingham">City of Rockingham</a> in Western Australia and the <a href="/wiki/Ak%C5%8D,_Hy%C5%8Dgo" title="Akō, Hyōgo">City of Akō</a> in Hyōgo signed a sister city agreement in 1997. It is one of nine sister city relationships between Western Australian and Japanese cities.<sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Western_Australia&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Flag_of_Western_Australia.svg/32px-Flag_of_Western_Australia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Flag_of_Western_Australia.svg/48px-Flag_of_Western_Australia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Flag_of_Western_Australia.svg/64px-Flag_of_Western_Australia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Western_Australia" title="Portal:Western Australia">Western Australia portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Australia.svg/32px-Flag_of_Australia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Australia.svg/48px-Flag_of_Australia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Australia.svg/64px-Flag_of_Australia.svg.png 2x" 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href="/wiki/Mining_in_Western_Australia" title="Mining in Western Australia">Mining in Western Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petroleum_in_Western_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Petroleum in Western Australia">Petroleum in Western Australia</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lists">Lists</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Western_Australia&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Lists"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Western_Australian_towns" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Western Australian towns">List of Western Australian towns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_statues_in_Western_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="List of statues in Western Australia">List of statues in Western Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Local_Government_Areas_of_Western_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Local Government Areas of Western Australia">Local Government Areas of Western Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Lists_of_people_from_Western_Australia" title="Category:Lists of people from Western Australia">Category:Lists of people from Western Australia</a></li></ul> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Western_Australia&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2shillingsWestAustralia.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/2shillingsWestAustralia.jpg/170px-2shillingsWestAustralia.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="197" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/2shillingsWestAustralia.jpg/255px-2shillingsWestAustralia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/2shillingsWestAustralia.jpg/340px-2shillingsWestAustralia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="366" data-file-height="424" /></a><figcaption>"West Australia" on a 1902 stamp</figcaption></figure> <p>"West Australia" and its related demonym "West Australian" are occasionally used, including in the names of the main daily newspaper, <i><a href="/wiki/The_West_Australian" title="The West Australian">The West Australian</a></i>, and the state-based <a href="/wiki/West_Australian_Football_League" title="West Australian Football League">West Australian Football League</a>, but are rarely used in an official sense. The terms "<a href="/wiki/Westralia_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Westralia (disambiguation)">Westralia</a>" and "Westralian" were regularly used in the 19th and 20th century.<sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The terms are still found in the names of certain companies and buildings, e.g. Westralia House in Perth, the <a href="/wiki/Skyscraper" title="Skyscraper">skyscraper</a> Westralia Square on <a href="/wiki/St_Georges_Terrace" title="St Georges Terrace">St Georges Terrace</a>, and Westralia Airports Corporation, which operates <a href="/wiki/Perth_Airport" title="Perth Airport">Perth Airport</a>, as well as in the names of several ships.<sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">In Australia, the <a href="/wiki/Southern_Ocean" title="Southern Ocean">body of water south of the continent</a> is officially gazetted as the <a href="/wiki/Southern_Ocean" title="Southern Ocean">Southern Ocean</a>, whereas the <a href="/wiki/International_Hydrographic_Organization" title="International Hydrographic Organization">International Hydrographic Organization</a> (IHO) designates it as part of the Indian Ocean.<sup id="cite_ref-iho53_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iho53-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">In accordance with the Australian Bureau of Statistics source, England, <a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mainland_China" title="Mainland China">Mainland China</a> and the Special Administrative Regions of Hong Kong and <a href="/wiki/Macau" title="Macau">Macau</a> are listed separately</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">As a percentage of 2,286,107 persons who nominated their ancestry at the 2016 census.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Australian Bureau of Statistics has stated that most who nominate "Australian" as their ancestry are part of the <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Celtic_Australian" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglo-Celtic Australian">Anglo-Celtic</a> group.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-census-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-census_50-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-census_50-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Of any ancestry. Includes those identifying as <a href="/wiki/Aboriginal_Australians" title="Aboriginal Australians">Aboriginal Australians</a> or <a href="/wiki/Torres_Strait_Islanders" title="Torres Strait Islanders">Torres Strait Islanders</a>. Indigenous identification is separate to the ancestry question on the Australian Census and persons identifying as Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander may identify any ancestry.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Western_Australia&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ga.gov.au/scientific-topics/national-location-information/dimensions/area-of-australia-states-and-territories">"Area of Australia - States and Territories"</a>. 27 June 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Area+of+Australia+-+States+and+Territories&rft.date=2014-06-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ga.gov.au%2Fscientific-topics%2Fnational-location-information%2Fdimensions%2Farea-of-australia-states-and-territories&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWestern+Australia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ABSPop-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ABSPop_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.abs.gov.au/statistics/people/population/national-state-and-territory-population/jun-2023">"National, state and territory population, June 2023 | Australian Bureau of Statistics"</a>. 14 December 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=National%2C+state+and+territory+population%2C+June+2023+%26%23124%3B+Australian+Bureau+of+Statistics&rft.date=2023-12-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.abs.gov.au%2Fstatistics%2Fpeople%2Fpopulation%2Fnational-state-and-territory-population%2Fjun-2023&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWestern+Australia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210831063352/https://www.wa.gov.au/sites/default/files/2020-12/gross-state-product-economic-notes-2019-20.pdf">"Western Australian Economic Notes – Gross State Product – 2021-22"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.abs.gov.au/statistics/economy/national-accounts/australian-national-accounts-state-accounts/2021-22-financial-year">the original</a> on 31 August 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 September</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Western+Australian+Economic+Notes+%E2%80%93+Gross+State+Product+%E2%80%93+2021-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.abs.gov.au%2Fstatistics%2Feconomy%2Fnational-accounts%2Faustralian-national-accounts-state-accounts%2F2021-22-financial-year&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWestern+Australia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GlobalDataLab-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-GlobalDataLab_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdi.globaldatalab.org/areadata/shdi/">"Sub-national HDI – Area Database – Global Data Lab"</a>. <i>hdi.globaldatalab.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 February</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=hdi.globaldatalab.org&rft.atitle=Sub-national+HDI+%E2%80%93+Area+Database+%E2%80%93+Global+Data+Lab&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhdi.globaldatalab.org%2Fareadata%2Fshdi%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWestern+Australia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ga20-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ga20_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ga.gov.au/scientific-topics/national-location-information/dimensions/area-of-australia-states-and-territories">"Area of Australia – States and Territories"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Geoscience_Australia" title="Geoscience Australia">Geoscience Australia</a>, Commonwealth of Australia. 28 April 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200726112116/http://www.ga.gov.au/scientific-topics/national-location-information/dimensions/area-of-australia-states-and-territories">Archived</a> from the original on 26 July 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 May</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Area+of+Australia+%E2%80%93+States+and+Territories&rft.pub=Geoscience+Australia%2C+Commonwealth+of+Australia&rft.date=2023-04-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ga.gov.au%2Fscientific-topics%2Fnational-location-information%2Fdimensions%2Farea-of-australia-states-and-territories&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWestern+Australia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wa.gov.au/organisation/department-of-treasury/population">"National, state and territory population, March 2024 | Australian Department of Treasury"</a>. 22 March 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=National%2C+state+and+territory+population%2C+March+2024+%7C+Australian+Department+of+Treasury&rft.date=2024-03-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wa.gov.au%2Forganisation%2Fdepartment-of-treasury%2Fpopulation&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWestern+Australia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ABSCapitalPop-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ABSCapitalPop_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ABSCapitalPop_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/abs@.nsf/Lookup/3218.0Main+Features12016-17">"3218.0 – Regional Population Growth, Australia, 2016–17: Main Features"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Australian_Bureau_of_Statistics" title="Australian Bureau of Statistics">Australian Bureau of Statistics</a>. 24 April 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 October</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=3218.0+%E2%80%93+Regional+Population+Growth%2C+Australia%2C+2016%E2%80%9317%3A+Main+Features&rft.pub=Australian+Bureau+of+Statistics&rft.date=2018-04-24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.abs.gov.au%2FAUSSTATS%2Fabs%40.nsf%2FLookup%2F3218.0Main%2BFeatures12016-17&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWestern+Australia" class="Z3988"></span> Estimated resident population, 30 June 2017.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-men22-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-men22_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClare_Menck2022" class="citation cs1">Clare Menck (2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wa.gov.au/system/files/2022-10/Thematic_History_of_WA.pdf"><i>A Thematic History of Western Australia</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Perth: <a href="/wiki/Heritage_Council_of_Western_Australia" title="Heritage Council of Western Australia">Heritage Council of Western Australia</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1347418300">1347418300</a>. <a href="/wiki/WDQ_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="WDQ (identifier)">Wikidata</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q127496561" class="extiw" title="d:Q127496561">Q127496561</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221029013043/https://www.wa.gov.au/system/files/2022-10/Thematic_History_of_WA.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 29 October 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 May</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Thematic+History+of+Western+Australia&rft.place=Perth&rft.pub=Heritage+Council+of+Western+Australia&rft.date=2022&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1347418300&rft.au=Clare+Menck&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wa.gov.au%2Fsystem%2Ffiles%2F2022-10%2FThematic_History_of_WA.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWestern+Australia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-huy95-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-huy95_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFvan_Huystee1995" class="citation report cs1">van Huystee, Marit (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://museum.wa.gov.au/maritime-archaeology-db/sites/default/files/no._105_yacht_duyfken_1601_1.pdf">On the yacht Duyfken (1601): The first European Ship known to explore the Australian coast</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Western Australian Museum</i> (Report). Maritime Archaeology Department Western Australian Maritime Museum. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190214151752/https://museum.wa.gov.au/maritime-archaeology-db/sites/default/files/no._105_yacht_duyfken_1601_1.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 14 February 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 June</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=On+the+yacht+Duyfken+%281601%29%3A+The+first+European+Ship+known+to+explore+the+Australian+coast&rft.pub=Maritime+Archaeology+Department+Western+Australian+Maritime+Museum&rft.date=1995&rft.aulast=van+Huystee&rft.aufirst=Marit&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmuseum.wa.gov.au%2Fmaritime-archaeology-db%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Fno._105_yacht_duyfken_1601_1.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWestern+Australia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ger18-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ger18_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGerritsz1618–1638" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Hessel_Gerritsz" title="Hessel Gerritsz">Gerritsz, Hessel</a> (1618–1638). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/nla.obj-231306238/view">"Chart of the Malay Archipelago and the Dutch discoveries in Australia"</a>. Octroy Vande H.M. Heeren de Staten Generael der Vereenichde Neerlanden. The discoveries after 1618 were added to the engraved plate between 1628 and 1632. Amsterdam: Hessel Gerritsz<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 April</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Memorial+service+pays+tribute+to+Japanese+earthquake+victims&rft.pub=City+of+Perth&rft.date=2016-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.perth.wa.gov.au%2Fnewsroom%2Ffeatured-news%2Fmemorial-service-pays-tribute-japanese-earthquake-victims&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWestern+Australia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160422141344/http://www.parliament.wa.gov.au/hansard/hans35.nsf/c02fad1ff7f00ecbc82572e4002d0af9/8137df1a3b82a563482565ff001aa60f?OpenDocument">"Hansard, Western Australian Legislative Assembly"</a>. Parliament of Western Australia. 21 October 1997. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.parliament.wa.gov.au/hansard/hans35.nsf/c02fad1ff7f00ecbc82572e4002d0af9/8137df1a3b82a563482565ff001aa60f?OpenDocument">the original</a> on 22 April 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 April</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hansard%2C+Western+Australian+Legislative+Assembly&rft.pub=Parliament+of+Western+Australia&rft.date=1997-10-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.parliament.wa.gov.au%2Fhansard%2Fhans35.nsf%2Fc02fad1ff7f00ecbc82572e4002d0af9%2F8137df1a3b82a563482565ff001aa60f%3FOpenDocument&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWestern+Australia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wajapan.net/015_OurSisterCityRelationships_E">"WA-Japan Sister City Relationships"</a>. Government of Western Australia<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 April</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=WA-Japan+Sister+City+Relationships&rft.pub=Government+of+Western+Australia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wajapan.net%2F015_OurSisterCityRelationships_E&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWestern+Australia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111109143420/http://henrietta.liswa.wa.gov.au/search/?searchtype=X&SORT=D&searcharg=westralia&searchscope=2&submit.x=0&submit.y=0&submit=Submit">"SLWA Online Catalogue /Entire Sta"</a>. <i>Henrietta.liswa.wa.gov.au</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://henrietta.liswa.wa.gov.au/search/?searchtype=X&SORT=D&searcharg=westralia&searchscope=2&submit.x=0&submit.y=0&submit=Submit">the original</a> on 9 November 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 November</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Henrietta.liswa.wa.gov.au&rft.atitle=SLWA+Online+Catalogue+%2FEntire+Sta&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhenrietta.liswa.wa.gov.au%2Fsearch%2F%3Fsearchtype%3DX%26SORT%3DD%26searcharg%3Dwestralia%26searchscope%3D2%26submit.x%3D0%26submit.y%3D0%26submit%3DSubmit&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWestern+Australia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://trove.nla.gov.au/result?q=westralia">"Search results for 'westralia' – Trove"</a>. <i>Trove.nla.gov.au</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 September</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Trove.nla.gov.au&rft.atitle=Search+results+for+%27westralia%27+%E2%80%93+Trove&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftrove.nla.gov.au%2Fresult%3Fq%3Dwestralia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWestern+Australia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-101"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-101">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111109135900/http://henrietta.liswa.wa.gov.au/record=b2140613~S2">"SLWA Online Catalogue /Entire Sta"</a>. <i>Henrietta.liswa.wa.gov.au</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://henrietta.liswa.wa.gov.au/record=b2140613~S2">the original</a> on 9 November 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 November</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Henrietta.liswa.wa.gov.au&rft.atitle=SLWA+Online+Catalogue+%2FEntire+Sta&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhenrietta.liswa.wa.gov.au%2Frecord%3Db2140613~S2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWestern+Australia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-102"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-102">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111109141500/http://henrietta.liswa.wa.gov.au/record=b1791098~S2">"SLWA Online Catalogue /Entire Sta"</a>. <i>Henrietta.liswa.wa.gov.au</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://henrietta.liswa.wa.gov.au/record=b1791098~S2">the original</a> on 9 November 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 November</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Henrietta.liswa.wa.gov.au&rft.atitle=SLWA+Online+Catalogue+%2FEntire+Sta&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhenrietta.liswa.wa.gov.au%2Frecord%3Db1791098~S2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWestern+Australia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Western_Australia&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZuckermann2020" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ghil%27ad_Zuckermann" title="Ghil'ad Zuckermann">Zuckermann, Ghil'ad</a> (2020). <i><a href="/wiki/Revivalistics:_From_the_Genesis_of_Israeli_to_Language_Reclamation_in_Australia_and_Beyond" class="mw-redirect" title="Revivalistics: From the Genesis of Israeli to Language Reclamation in Australia and Beyond">Revivalistics: From the Genesis of Israeli to Language Reclamation in Australia and Beyond</a></i>. New York: Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780199812790" title="Special:BookSources/9780199812790"><bdi>9780199812790</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Revivalistics%3A+From+the+Genesis+of+Israeli+to+Language+Reclamation+in+Australia+and+Beyond&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2020&rft.isbn=9780199812790&rft.aulast=Zuckermann&rft.aufirst=Ghil%27ad&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWestern+Australia" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Western_Australia&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output 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data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Western_Australia" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Western Australia">Western Australia</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/40px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/60px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/80px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikivoyage has a travel guide for <i><b><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Western_Australia#Q3206" class="extiw" title="wikivoyage:Western Australia">Western Australia</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Openstreetmap_logo.svg/16px-Openstreetmap_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Openstreetmap_logo.svg/24px-Openstreetmap_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Openstreetmap_logo.svg/32px-Openstreetmap_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="256" data-file-height="256" /></span></span> Geographic data related to <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.openstreetmap.org/relation/2316598">Western Australia</a> at <a href="/wiki/OpenStreetMap" title="OpenStreetMap">OpenStreetMap</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.westernaustralia.com/au/Pages/Welcome_to_Western_Australia.aspx">Welcome to Western Australia</a>, a tourist website run by <a href="/wiki/Tourism_Western_Australia" title="Tourism Western Australia">Tourism Western Australia</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Statutory_authority" class="mw-redirect" title="Statutory authority">statutory authority</a> responsible for promoting Western Australia as a tourist destination</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wa.gov.au/">Western Australia government's website</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nfsa.gov.au/blog/2012/05/15/west-australian-time-capsule/">Watch historical footage of Western Australia</a> from the <a href="/wiki/National_Film_and_Sound_Archive" title="National Film and Sound Archive">National Film and Sound Archive</a> of Australia's collection.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aso.gov.au/titles/tags/Western%20Australia/">Watch audiovisual material relating to Western Australia</a> on the <a href="/wiki/National_Film_and_Sound_Archive" title="National Film and Sound Archive">National Film and Sound Archive</a>'s <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aso.gov.au/"><i>australianscreen online</i></a>.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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.navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Western_Australia" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Western_Australia" title="Template:Western Australia"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Western_Australia" title="Template talk:Western Australia"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Western_Australia" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Western Australia"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Western_Australia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Western Australia</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Western_Australia" title="Economy of Western Australia">Economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Western_Australia" title="Flag of Western Australia">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Western_Australia" title="Geography of Western Australia">Geography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geology_of_Western_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Geology of Western Australia">Geology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Western_Australia" title="Government of Western Australia">Government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Western_Australia" title="History of Western Australia">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Local_government_areas_of_Western_Australia" title="Local government areas of Western Australia">Local government <span style="font-size:85%;">(LGAs)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Western_Australia" title="Parliament of Western Australia">Parliament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:People_from_Western_Australia" title="Category:People from Western Australia">People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Australia_Police" class="mw-redirect" title="Western Australia Police">Police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Western_Australia" title="Politics of Western Australia">Politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rail_transport_in_Western_Australia" title="Rail transport in Western Australia">Rail transport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_Western_Australia" title="Regions of Western Australia">Regions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Western_Australia" title="Sport in Western Australia">Sport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symbols_of_Western_Australia" title="Symbols of Western Australia">Symbols</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Western_Australia.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Western Australia"><img alt="Western Australia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Flag_of_Western_Australia.svg/80px-Flag_of_Western_Australia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Flag_of_Western_Australia.svg/120px-Flag_of_Western_Australia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Flag_of_Western_Australia.svg/160px-Flag_of_Western_Australia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_Western_Australia" title="Regions of Western Australia">Regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gascoyne" title="Gascoyne">Gascoyne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goldfields%E2%80%93Esperance" title="Goldfields–Esperance">Goldfields–Esperance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Southern_(Western_Australia)" title="Great Southern (Western Australia)">Great Southern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kimberley_(Western_Australia)" title="Kimberley (Western Australia)">Kimberley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mid_West_(Western_Australia)" title="Mid West (Western Australia)">Mid West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peel_(Western_Australia)" title="Peel (Western Australia)">Peel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pilbara" title="Pilbara">Pilbara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_West_(Western_Australia)" title="South West (Western Australia)">South West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wheatbelt_(Western_Australia)" title="Wheatbelt (Western Australia)">Wheatbelt</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Australia#Western_Australia" title="List of cities in Australia">Cities</a> and towns</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Perth" title="Perth">Perth</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albany,_Western_Australia" title="Albany, Western Australia">Albany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broome,_Western_Australia" title="Broome, Western Australia">Broome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bunbury,_Western_Australia" title="Bunbury, Western Australia">Bunbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Busselton" title="Busselton">Busselton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Derby,_Western_Australia" title="Derby, Western Australia">Derby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esperance,_Western_Australia" title="Esperance, Western Australia">Esperance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geraldton" title="Geraldton">Geraldton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalgoorlie" title="Kalgoorlie">Kalgoorlie</a>–<a href="/wiki/Boulder,_Western_Australia" title="Boulder, Western Australia">Boulder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karratha,_Western_Australia" title="Karratha, Western Australia">Karratha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kununurra,_Western_Australia" title="Kununurra, Western Australia">Kununurra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandurah" title="Mandurah">Mandurah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newman,_Western_Australia" title="Newman, Western Australia">Newman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northam,_Western_Australia" title="Northam, Western Australia">Northam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port_Hedland,_Western_Australia" title="Port Hedland, Western Australia">Port Hedland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><a href="/wiki/Portal:Western_Australia" title="Portal:Western Australia">Western Australia portal</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="States_and_territories_of_Australia_23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Australia&#124;link=Australia" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:States_and_territories_of_Australia" title="Template:States and territories of Australia"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:States_and_territories_of_Australia" title="Template talk:States and territories of Australia"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:States_and_territories_of_Australia" title="Special:EditPage/Template:States and territories of Australia"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="States_and_territories_of_Australia_23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Australia&#124;link=Australia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/States_and_territories_of_Australia" title="States and territories of Australia">States and territories of Australia</a> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia"><img alt="Australia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640" /></a></span></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">States</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_South_Wales" title="New South Wales">New South Wales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queensland" title="Queensland">Queensland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Australia" title="South Australia">South Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tasmania" title="Tasmania">Tasmania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victoria_(state)" title="Victoria (state)">Victoria</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Western Australia</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Australia_states_and_territories_labelled.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Australia_states_and_territories_labelled.svg/130px-Australia_states_and_territories_labelled.svg.png" decoding="async" width="130" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Australia_states_and_territories_labelled.svg/195px-Australia_states_and_territories_labelled.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Australia_states_and_territories_labelled.svg/260px-Australia_states_and_territories_labelled.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="791" data-file-height="790" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Territories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Internal<br />territories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Capital_Territory" title="Australian Capital Territory">Australian Capital Territory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jervis_Bay_Territory" title="Jervis Bay Territory">Jervis Bay Territory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Territory" title="Northern Territory">Northern Territory</a><br /><b>Defunct</b>: <a href="/wiki/Central_Australia_(territory)" title="Central Australia (territory)">Central Australia</a> (1927–31)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Australia_(territory)" class="mw-redirect" title="North Australia (territory)">North Australia</a> (1927–31)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">External<br />territories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ashmore_and_Cartier_Islands" title="Ashmore and Cartier Islands">Ashmore and Cartier Islands</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Australian_Antarctic_Territory" title="Australian Antarctic Territory">Australian Antarctic Territory</a></i><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coral_Sea_Islands" title="Coral Sea Islands">Coral Sea Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heard_Island_and_McDonald_Islands" title="Heard Island and McDonald Islands">Heard Island and McDonald Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norfolk_Island" title="Norfolk Island">Norfolk Island</a><br /><b>Defunct</b>: <a href="/wiki/History_of_Nauru#World_War_I_to_World_War_II" title="History of Nauru">Nauru</a> (1920–68)<sup>2</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Territory_of_New_Guinea" title="Territory of New Guinea">New Guinea</a> (1920–49)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Territory_of_Papua" title="Territory of Papua">Papua</a> (1902–49)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Territory_of_Papua_and_New_Guinea" title="Territory of Papua and New Guinea">Papua and New Guinea</a> (1949–75)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Australian_Indian_Ocean_Territories" title="Australian Indian Ocean Territories">Indian Ocean Territories</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_Island" title="Christmas Island">Christmas Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cocos_(Keeling)_Islands" title="Cocos (Keeling) Islands">Cocos (Keeling) Islands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div>(<b>1</b>) Sovereignty recognised only by <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a>, <a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>.<br />(<b>2</b>) Co-mandate with New Zealand and the United Kingdom.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Australia_articles" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Australia_topics" title="Template:Australia topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Australia_topics" title="Template talk:Australia topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Australia_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Australia topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Australia_articles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a> <a href="/wiki/Index_of_Australia-related_articles" title="Index of Australia-related articles">articles</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Australia" title="History of Australia">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Australian_history" title="Timeline of Australian history">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_Australian_history" title="Bibliography of Australian history">Bibliography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prehistory_of_Australia" title="Prehistory of Australia">Prehistory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archaeology_of_Australia" title="Archaeology of Australia">Archaeology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_land_exploration_of_Australia" title="European land exploration of Australia">European exploration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Territorial_evolution_of_Australia" title="Territorial evolution of Australia">Territorial evolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Australia_(1788%E2%80%931850)" title="History of Australia (1788–1850)">1788–1850</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Australia_(1851%E2%80%931900)" title="History of Australia (1851–1900)">1851–1900</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Australia_(1901%E2%80%931945)" title="History of Australia (1901–1945)">1901–1945</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Australia_(1945%E2%80%93present)" title="History of Australia (1945–present)">Since 1945</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">By topic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Asian_Australians" title="History of Asian Australians">Asian Australians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitutional_history_of_Australia" title="Constitutional history of Australia">Constitutional</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diplomatic_history_of_Australia" title="Diplomatic history of Australia">Diplomatic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_history_of_Australia" title="Economic history of Australia">Economic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federation_of_Australia" title="Federation of Australia">Federation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_history_of_Australia" title="Immigration history of Australia">Immigration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Indigenous_Australians" title="History of Indigenous Australians">Indigenous</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Australia" title="Military history of Australia">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_monarchy_in_Australia" title="History of monarchy in Australia">Monarchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_rail_transport_in_Australia" title="History of rail transport in Australia">Railway</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Australia" title="Geography of Australia">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Australia" title="Climate of Australia">Climate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_Australia" title="Climate change in Australia">Climate change</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australia_(continent)" title="Australia (continent)">Continent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deserts_of_Australia" title="Deserts of Australia">Deserts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environment_of_Australia" title="Environment of Australia">Environment</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_issues_in_Australia" title="Environmental issues in Australia">issues</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_earthquakes_in_Australia" title="List of earthquakes in Australia">Earthquakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flora_of_Australia" title="Flora of Australia">Flora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_Australia" title="Fauna of Australia">Fauna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forests_of_Australia" title="Forests of Australia">Forests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geology_of_Australia" title="Geology of Australia">Geology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Australia" title="List of islands of Australia">Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mountains_in_Australia" title="List of mountains in Australia">Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_regions_of_Australia" title="List of regions of Australia">Regions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Reserve_System" title="National Reserve System">Protected areas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Australia" title="List of rivers of Australia">Rivers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Australia" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Australia">World Heritage Sites</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Administrative divisions of Australia">Subdivisions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/States_and_territories_of_Australia" title="States and territories of Australia">States and territories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Australian_capital_cities" title="List of Australian capital cities">Capitals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Australia" title="List of cities in Australia">Cities</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Australia" title="Politics of Australia">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asylum_in_Australia" title="Asylum in Australia">Asylum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Australia" title="Constitution of Australia">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_court_hierarchy" class="mw-redirect" title="Australian court hierarchy">Courts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Australia" title="Elections in Australia">Elections</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Political_funding_in_Australia" title="Political funding in Australia">Donations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electoral_system_of_Australia" title="Electoral system of Australia">Electoral system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Australia" title="List of political parties in Australia">Parties</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_federal_budget" title="Australian federal budget">Federal budget</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Australia" title="Foreign relations of Australia">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Australia" title="Human rights in Australia">Human rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Intersex_rights_in_Australia" title="Intersex rights in Australia">Intersex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_rights_in_Australia" title="LGBTQ rights in Australia">LGBTQ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transgender_rights_in_Australia" title="Transgender rights in Australia">Transgender</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Intelligence_Community" title="Australian Intelligence Community">Intelligence and security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_legal_system" title="Australian legal system">Law</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australian_constitutional_law" title="Australian constitutional law">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Australia" title="Judiciary of Australia">Judiciary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Australia" title="Law enforcement in Australia">Enforcement</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Defence_Force" title="Australian Defence Force">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Australia" title="Monarchy of Australia">Monarchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_government_debt" title="Australian government debt">National debt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Australia" title="Parliament of Australia">Parliament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Australia#Ideology_in_Australian_politics" title="Politics of Australia">Political ideology</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Australia" title="Anarchism in Australia">Anarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_politics_in_Australia" title="Christian politics in Australia">Christian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_Australia" title="Conservatism in Australia">Conservatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Far-right_politics_in_Australia" title="Far-right politics in Australia">Far-right</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_in_Australia" title="Liberalism in Australia">Liberalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_nationalism" title="Australian nationalism">Nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republicanism_in_Australia" title="Republicanism in Australia">Republicanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialism_in_Australia" title="Socialism in Australia">Socialism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Public_Service" title="Australian Public Service">Public Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_and_government_in_Australia" title="Women and government in Australia">Women</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_female_heads_of_government_in_Australia" title="List of female heads of government in Australia">Government leaders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_female_cabinet_ministers_of_Australia" title="List of female cabinet ministers of Australia">Government ministers</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opposition_(Australia)" title="Opposition (Australia)">Shadow Cabinet</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Australian_Government" title="Australian Government">Government</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_Australia" title="Cabinet of Australia">Cabinet of Australia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Australian_ministries" title="List of Australian ministries">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governor-General_of_Australia" title="Governor-General of Australia">Governor-General</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_governors-general_of_Australia" title="List of governors-general of Australia">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Australia" title="Prime Minister of Australia">Prime Minister</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_Australia" title="List of prime ministers of Australia">list</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Australia" title="Economy of Australia">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Australia" title="Agriculture in Australia">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_dollar" title="Australian dollar">Dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Australia" title="Energy in Australia">Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Australian_states_and_territories_by_gross_state_product" title="List of Australian states and territories by gross state product">Gross state product</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Home_ownership_in_Australia" title="Home ownership in Australia">Home ownership</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Public_housing_in_Australia" title="Public housing in Australia">Public housing</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Median_household_income_in_Australia_and_New_Zealand" title="Median household income in Australia and New Zealand">Household income</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manufacturing_in_Australia" title="Manufacturing in Australia">Manufacturing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_media_in_Australia" title="Mass media in Australia">Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mining_in_Australia" title="Mining in Australia">Mining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_Australia" title="Poverty in Australia">Poverty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reserve_Bank_of_Australia" title="Reserve Bank of Australia">Reserve Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Securities_Exchange" title="Australian Securities Exchange">Stock exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superannuation_in_Australia" title="Superannuation in Australia">Superannuation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxation_in_Australia" title="Taxation in Australia">Taxation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Australia" title="Telecommunications in Australia">Telecommunications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Australia" title="Tourism in Australia">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Australia" title="Transport in Australia">Transport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_security_in_Australia" title="Social security in Australia">Welfare system</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Society_of_Australia" title="Category:Society of Australia">Society</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Australia" title="Abortion in Australia">Abortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aged_care_in_Australia" title="Aged care in Australia">Aged care</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Censorship_in_Australia" title="Censorship in Australia">Censorship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_nationality_law" title="Australian nationality law">Citizenship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_Australia" title="Crime in Australia">Crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Australia" title="Education in Australia">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assisted_dying_in_Australia" title="Assisted dying in Australia">Euthanasia</a></li> <li><a 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