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class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Albert_Smith" title="George Albert Smith – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="George Albert Smith" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Albert_Smith" title="George Albert Smith – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="George Albert Smith" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Albert_Smith" title="George Albert Smith – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="George Albert Smith" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Albert_Smith_(mormon)" title="George Albert Smith (mormon) – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="George Albert Smith (mormon)" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Albert_Smith" title="George Albert Smith – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="George Albert Smith" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a 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<div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-spoken-icon" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:En-georgealbertsmith.ogg" title="Listen to this article"><img alt="Listen to this article" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Sound-icon.svg/20px-Sound-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Sound-icon.svg/30px-Sound-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Sound-icon.svg/40px-Sound-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="96" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">President of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the president of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. For others of the same name, see <a href="/wiki/George_Albert_Smith_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="George Albert Smith (disambiguation)">George Albert Smith (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><span class="fn">George Albert Smith</span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:George_Albert_Smith.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/George_Albert_Smith.jpg/220px-George_Albert_Smith.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="319" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a5/George_Albert_Smith.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="250" data-file-height="363" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: lavender; line-height: normal; padding: 0.2em;">8th <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Church_(LDS_Church)" title="President of the Church (LDS Church)">President</a> of <a href="/wiki/The_Church_of_Jesus_Christ_of_Latter-day_Saints" title="The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints">the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">May 21, 1945<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">1945-05-21</span>)</span> – April 4, 1951<span style="display:none"> (<span class="dtend itvend">1951-04-04</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Predecessor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Heber_J._Grant" title="Heber J. Grant">Heber J. Grant</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Successor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/David_O._McKay" title="David O. McKay">David O. McKay</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: lavender; line-height: normal; padding: 0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Quorum_of_the_Twelve_Apostles_(LDS_Church)" title="President of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles (LDS Church)">President of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">June 21, 1943<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">1943-06-21</span>)</span> – May 21, 1945<span style="display:none"> (<span class="dtend itvend">1945-05-21</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Predecessor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Rudger_Clawson" title="Rudger Clawson">Rudger Clawson</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Successor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/George_F._Richards" title="George F. Richards">George F. Richards</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap">End reason</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Became President of the Church</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: lavender; line-height: normal; padding: 0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Quorum_of_the_Twelve_Apostles_(LDS_Church)" title="Quorum of the Twelve Apostles (LDS Church)">Quorum of the Twelve Apostles</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">October 8, 1903<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">1903-10-08</span>)</span> – May 21, 1945<span style="display:none"> (<span class="dtend itvend">1945-05-21</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap">Called by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Joseph_F._Smith" title="Joseph F. Smith">Joseph F. Smith</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap">End reason</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Became President of the Church</td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: lavender; line-height: normal; padding: 0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/The_Church_of_Jesus_Christ_of_Latter-day_Saints" title="The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints">LDS Church</a> <a href="/wiki/Apostle_(Latter_Day_Saints)" title="Apostle (Latter Day Saints)">Apostle</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">October 8, 1903<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">1903-10-08</span>)</span> – April 4, 1951<span style="display:none"> (<span class="dtend itvend">1951-04-04</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap">Called by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Joseph F. Smith</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Reason</th><td class="infobox-data">Death of <a href="/wiki/Brigham_Young_Jr." title="Brigham Young Jr.">Brigham Young Jr.</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Reorganization<br /><span class="nowrap">at end of term</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Marion_G._Romney" title="Marion G. Romney">Marion G. Romney</a> ordained</td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: lavender;">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1870-04-04</span>)</span>April 4, 1870<br /><a href="/wiki/Salt_Lake_City" title="Salt Lake City">Salt Lake City</a>, <a href="/wiki/Utah_Territory" title="Utah Territory">Utah Territory</a>, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">April 4, 1951<span style="display:none">(1951-04-04)</span> (aged 81)<br />Salt Lake City, Utah, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap">Resting place</span></th><td class="infobox-data label"><a href="/wiki/Salt_Lake_City_Cemetery" title="Salt Lake City Cemetery">Salt Lake City Cemetery</a><br /><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=George_Albert_Smith&params=40.777_N_111.858_W_type:landmark&title=Salt+Lake+City+Cemetery"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">40°46′37″N</span> <span class="longitude">111°51′29″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="vcard"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">40.777°N 111.858°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">40.777; -111.858</span></span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="fn org">Salt Lake City Cemetery</span>)</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse(s)</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;">Lucy Emily Woodruff</div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1892; died 1937)<wbr /></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">3</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Parents</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/John_Henry_Smith" title="John Henry Smith">John Henry Smith</a><br />Sarah Farr</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Signature</th><td class="infobox-data"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:George_Albert_Smith_signature.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Signature of George Albert Smith" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/George_Albert_Smith_signature.jpg/175px-George_Albert_Smith_signature.jpg" decoding="async" width="175" height="43" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/George_Albert_Smith_signature.jpg/263px-George_Albert_Smith_signature.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6c/George_Albert_Smith_signature.jpg 2x" data-file-width="329" data-file-height="80" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="box-shadow: inset 0 1px 0 0 #aaaaaa; text-align:left"><div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output 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td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks noprint navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><span class="nowrap"><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/16px-P_vip.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/24px-P_vip.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/31px-P_vip.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1911" data-file-height="1944" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Biography" title="Portal:Biography">Biography portal</a>  <span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Christus_statue_temple_square_salt_lake_city.jpg/16px-Christus_statue_temple_square_salt_lake_city.jpg" decoding="async" width="16" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Christus_statue_temple_square_salt_lake_city.jpg/24px-Christus_statue_temple_square_salt_lake_city.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Christus_statue_temple_square_salt_lake_city.jpg/32px-Christus_statue_temple_square_salt_lake_city.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1067" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Latter_Day_Saint_movement" title="Portal:Latter Day Saint movement">LDS movement portal</a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>George Albert Smith Sr.</b> (April 4, 1870 – April 4, 1951) was an American religious leader who served as the <a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_Church_of_Jesus_Christ_of_Latter-day_Saints" title="List of presidents of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints">eighth</a> <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Church_(LDS_Church)" title="President of the Church (LDS Church)">president</a> of <a href="/wiki/The_Church_of_Jesus_Christ_of_Latter-day_Saints" title="The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints">the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints</a> (LDS Church). </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Albert_Smith&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Born in <a href="/wiki/Salt_Lake_City,_Utah" class="mw-redirect" title="Salt Lake City, Utah">Salt Lake City</a>, <a href="/wiki/Utah_Territory" title="Utah Territory">Utah Territory</a>, Smith was one of nineteen children of <a href="/wiki/Latter_Day_Saint" class="mw-redirect" title="Latter Day Saint">Latter Day Saint</a> <a href="/wiki/Apostle_(Latter_Day_Saints)" title="Apostle (Latter Day Saints)">apostle</a> <a href="/wiki/John_Henry_Smith" title="John Henry Smith">John Henry Smith</a>. His mother, Sarah Farr, was the first of John Henry Smith's two wives (whom he had simultaneously for many years). His <a href="/wiki/George_A._Smith" title="George A. Smith">grandfather</a>, for whom he was named, was also an LDS Church apostle as well as a cousin of church founder <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Smith" title="Joseph Smith">Joseph Smith</a>. John Henry Smith and George Albert Smith are the only father and son pair to have been members of the Quorum of the Twelve at the same time, having served in the Quorum together between 1903 and 1910. </p><p>In his youth, Smith worked at the <a href="/wiki/Zion%27s_Co-operative_Mercantile_Institution" class="mw-redirect" title="Zion's Co-operative Mercantile Institution">Zion's Co-operative Mercantile Institution</a> (ZCMI) factory and traveled throughout Utah as a salesman. Smith attended high school at <a href="/wiki/Brigham_Young_Academy" class="mw-redirect" title="Brigham Young Academy">Brigham Young Academy</a>, graduating in 1884. He then studied law at <a href="/wiki/University_of_Deseret" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Deseret">University of Deseret</a> (later the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Utah" title="University of Utah">University of Utah</a>) for a year.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His work as a salesman for ZCMI involved a long trip, starting at <a href="/wiki/Panaca,_Nevada" title="Panaca, Nevada">Panaca, Nevada</a> and moving north-eastward, with Smith taking grocery orders while his associate, James Poulton, took shoe orders. Smith also gave many impromptu concerts on this sales trip, playing on harmonica and guitar with Poulton accompanying on the flute.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During this journey Smith would regularly attend LDS Church services on Sundays in the towns he passed through coming north from Panaca. He would be regularly invited to give a talk while visiting.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Employment_and_politics">Employment and politics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Albert_Smith&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Employment and politics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1894, after returning from serving in the church's Southern States <a href="/wiki/Mission_(LDS_Church)" title="Mission (LDS Church)">Mission</a>, Smith got a job as assistant to a traveling salesman at ZCMI. He excelled at this enough to be promoted to working in the packing box shop, where he again excelled and was promoted to wholesale grocery salesman for ZCMI's Salt Lake County operations.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Smith also served as secretary of the Kanab Cattle Company and a member of the Utah National Guard.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1896, he had joined the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Republican_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Republican Party">Republican Party</a> and campaigned for <a href="/wiki/William_McKinley" title="William McKinley">William McKinley</a>, who became <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President of the United States</a>. He was later present at the Pan American exposition in Buffalo in 1901 and heard the shot that killed McKinley. </p><p>He was appointed as a receiver for the Land Office in Utah in the years 1898 and 1903.<sup id="cite_ref-Encyclopedia_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Encyclopedia-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>While surveying for a <a href="/wiki/Railroad" class="mw-redirect" title="Railroad">railroad</a> as a young man, Smith's eyesight was permanently impaired by <a href="/wiki/Glare_(vision)" title="Glare (vision)">glare</a> from the sun.<sup id="cite_ref-Woodger2008_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Woodger2008-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 116">: 116 </span></sup> After 1903, Smith found his frequent travels debilitating and began to show prominent symptoms of physical weakness. He was eventually diagnosed with <a href="/wiki/Lupus_erythematosus" title="Lupus erythematosus">lupus erythematosus</a>, a chronic debilitating autoimmune disease. </p><p>From 1898 to 1902 Smith was chair of the Republican committee for the 28th voting district of Utah.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1902, there were those who sought to convince Smith to run for the United States Senate. He instead deferred to allow <a href="/wiki/Reed_Smoot" title="Reed Smoot">Reed Smoot</a> to be the Republican candidate.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1920, while serving as <a href="/wiki/Mission_president" title="Mission president">president</a> of the church's European <a href="/wiki/Mission_(LDS_Church)" title="Mission (LDS Church)">Mission</a>, Smith toured England and Scotland as the ZCMI representative to the American Goods Association tour sponsored by the British Chamber of Trade.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1921, Smith became a member of the Salt Lake City Chamber of Commerce. In 1923, he served on the reception committee for US President <a href="/wiki/Warren_G._Harding" title="Warren G. Harding">Warren G. Harding</a>'s visit to Salt Lake City.<sup id="cite_ref-Against_the_Odds_p._148_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Against_the_Odds_p._148-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Smith was known for his patriotism and joined various American patriotic groups. He was also an ardent supporter of the <a href="/wiki/Scouting_in_Utah" title="Scouting in Utah">Boy Scouts of America</a> (BSA). He was among those closely involved in the 1912 decision for the LDS Church to sponsor scout troops. He also was closely involved in its implementation. Especially in the 1920s, Smith would regularly contact Salt Lake City businessmen to personally urge them to donate money to scouting.<sup id="cite_ref-Against_the_Odds_p._150_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Against_the_Odds_p._150-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the 1920s Smith was elected a member of the BSA Regional Executive Council for the 12th region. This council oversaw scouting in California, Nevada, Arizona and Utah.<sup id="cite_ref-Against_the_Odds_p._150_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Against_the_Odds_p._150-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1932, Smith was elected a member of the BSA's National Council. He was the first of many leaders of the LDS Church to hold this position. He also received the <a href="/wiki/Silver_Beaver_Award" title="Silver Beaver Award">Silver Beaver Award</a> that year. In 1934, the BSA's National Council awarded him the prestigious <a href="/wiki/Silver_Buffalo_Award" title="Silver Buffalo Award">Silver Buffalo Award</a>. </p><p>Smith was an avid <a href="/wiki/Genealogy" title="Genealogy">genealogist</a> and family historian and was named national vice president of the Sons of the American Revolution in 1922. </p><p>In 1932, Smith found himself at odds with much of the ZCMI board over plans to cut pensions for retirees as the Great Depression caused disruption for the company. Smith felt that the pensions should be left in place. Being unable to support the chosen course of action, he resigned from the board later that year.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Starting in 1933 Smith was president of the Utah Society for the Sightless. He continued in this position until 1949. Under his leadership the society built a new home for the blind in Salt Lake City. They also printed the first Braille edition of the <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Mormon" title="Book of Mormon">Book of Mormon</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Marriage_and_family">Marriage and family</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Albert_Smith&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Marriage and family"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On May 25, 1892, Smith married Lucy Emily Woodruff, a granddaughter of <a href="/wiki/Wilford_Woodruff" title="Wilford Woodruff">Wilford Woodruff</a>, in the <a href="/wiki/Manti_Utah_Temple" title="Manti Utah Temple">Manti Temple</a>. The couple later had three children. It was several years after their marriage that the first daughter was born, with the pregnancy starting shortly after Woodruff gave Lucy a priesthood blessing to be a mother.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lucy had spent much of her time growing up in the household of her grandfather and looked on him as almost more of a father than a grandfather.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Smith's son, <a href="/wiki/George_Albert_Smith,_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="George Albert Smith, Jr.">George Albert Smith, Jr.</a>, became a professor at <a href="/wiki/Harvard_Business_School" title="Harvard Business School">Harvard Business School</a>. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:George_Albert_Smith_1890.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="George Albert Smith, ca. 1890"><img alt="George Albert Smith, ca. 1890" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/George_Albert_Smith_1890.JPG/90px-George_Albert_Smith_1890.JPG" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/George_Albert_Smith_1890.JPG/135px-George_Albert_Smith_1890.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/George_Albert_Smith_1890.JPG/180px-George_Albert_Smith_1890.JPG 2x" data-file-width="333" data-file-height="444" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">George Albert Smith, ca. 1890</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lucy_Woodruf_Smith.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Lucy Emily Woodruff, wife of George Albert Smith"><img alt="Lucy Emily Woodruff, wife of George Albert Smith" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Lucy_Woodruf_Smith.jpg/87px-Lucy_Woodruf_Smith.jpg" decoding="async" width="87" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Lucy_Woodruf_Smith.jpg/131px-Lucy_Woodruf_Smith.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Lucy_Woodruf_Smith.jpg/175px-Lucy_Woodruf_Smith.jpg 2x" data-file-width="334" data-file-height="459" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Lucy Emily Woodruff, wife of George Albert Smith</div></div> </li> </ul> <p>Smith's daughter Emily Stewart, served for a time on the <a href="/wiki/Primary_(LDS_Church)" title="Primary (LDS Church)">Primary</a> General Board. <a href="/wiki/Louie_B._Felt" title="Louie B. Felt">Louie B. Felt</a>, the general superintendent of the Primary, guided Stewart to take a hospital training course in Denver expand her medical training she already had as a registered nurse. She then became one of the leaders of <a href="/wiki/Primary_Children%27s_Hospital" title="Primary Children's Hospital">Primary Children's Hospital</a> in Salt Lake City. She and <a href="/wiki/May_Anderson" title="May Anderson">May Anderson</a> disagreed on how to run the hospital which led to her resignation from the Primary General Board in 1932.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Smith's second daughter, Edith, earned a <a href="/wiki/Master%27s_degree" title="Master's degree">master's degree</a> in history. For much of the 1930s Smith was involved in protecting her husband, George Elliott, from charges of mail fraud connected with alleged fraudulent stock sales by the Salt Lake Mortuary in Montana. Smith's brother, Winslow Farr Smith, was also involved with these charges. Smith felt the charges were baseless charges developed by other morticians who resented the Salt Lake Mortuary's low prices.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Lucy served as president of the Relief Society in Europe while Smith was the mission president. She also was a delegate to the world council. She was a member of the YW MIA's General Board for 29 years.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Lucy Smith died in 1937. Smith never remarried, which made him the only man to have not had a living wife while he was serving as church president until Gordon B. Hinckley and Thomas S. Monson both served the later part of their presidencies while widowed.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="LDS_Church_service">LDS Church service</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Albert_Smith&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: LDS Church service"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Just prior to his marriage to Lucy, Smith served as a <a href="/wiki/Young_Men_(organization)" title="Young Men (organization)">Mutual Improvement Association</a> (MIA) missionary throughout many areas in Southern Utah. He was <a href="/wiki/Setting_apart" title="Setting apart">set apart</a> as a missionary on September 7, 1891. He was assigned to serve with William B. Dougall, Jr., who was a grandson of <a href="/wiki/Brigham_Young" title="Brigham Young">Brigham Young</a>. They were assigned to the 4 <a href="/wiki/Stake_(LDS_Church)" class="mw-redirect" title="Stake (LDS Church)">stakes</a> that covered <a href="/wiki/Juab_County,_Utah" title="Juab County, Utah">Juab</a>, <a href="/wiki/Millard_County,_Utah" title="Millard County, Utah">Millard</a>, <a href="/wiki/Beaver_County,_Utah" title="Beaver County, Utah">Beaver</a> and <a href="/wiki/Iron_County,_Utah" title="Iron County, Utah">Iron</a> counties. The assignment was to increase attendance and participation in MIA, for both young men and young women.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Smith and his new wife, Lucy, were <a href="/wiki/Mormon_missionary" title="Mormon missionary">missionaries</a> in the church's Southern States Mission, with <a href="/wiki/J._Golden_Kimball" title="J. Golden Kimball">J. Golden Kimball</a> as their mission president, from 1892 to 1894. Smith was appointed mission secretary. Initially when Smith left to serve in the Southern States mission on June 23, 1892, he left Lucy behind in Salt Lake City.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Smith's first assignment in Tennessee was to serve in the Middle Tennessee <a href="/wiki/District_(LDS_Church)" title="District (LDS Church)">District</a>, covering the area in and around the city of Nashville. It was intended he would assume the position of mission secretary, essentially chief assistant to the mission president, in August. It was also planned for his wife to join him at that time.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, Kimball felt that Smith needed more training in the mission field before being joined by his wife, and so did not allow her to join her husband until November.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From November 1892 to August 1893 and from October 1893 to May 1894 Kimball was out of the mission so Smith was acting mission president.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As was common at the time, Smith was ordained a <a href="/wiki/Seventy_(LDS_Church)" title="Seventy (LDS Church)">seventy</a> when he went on his mission. After returning, he was made a member of the third quorum of the seventies presiding council in Salt Lake City, which meant he had specific assignments for conducting missionary outreach in the area.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Smith also served as a <a href="/wiki/Sunday_School_(LDS_Church)" title="Sunday School (LDS Church)">Sunday School</a> teacher and then as the organization's superintendent for the 17th <a href="/wiki/Ward_(LDS_Church)" title="Ward (LDS Church)">Ward</a> in Salt Lake City, immediately north-west of <a href="/wiki/Temple_Square" title="Temple Square">Temple Square</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Woodger,_p._74_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Woodger,_p._74-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>For a few years leading up to 1902 Smith served as an assistant to <a href="/wiki/Richard_R._Lyman" title="Richard R. Lyman">Richard R. Lyman</a> and <a href="/wiki/Joseph_F._Merrill" title="Joseph F. Merrill">Joseph F. Merrill</a> in running the Salt Lake Stake's youth program for young men. At the time the Salt Lake Stake took in all of Salt Lake county and was by far the largest stake by membership in the LDS Church. It was looked upon as the "flagship" stake of the church, and Lyman, Merrill and Smith initiated programs and changes that were adopted elsewhere throughout the church.<sup id="cite_ref-Woodger,_p._74_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Woodger,_p._74-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Smith then served as head of the youth program for young men in Salt Lake Stake from 1902 to 1903. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Apostleship">Apostleship</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Albert_Smith&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Apostleship"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Smith was called as a member of the <a href="/wiki/Quorum_of_the_Twelve_Apostles_(LDS_Church)" title="Quorum of the Twelve Apostles (LDS Church)">Quorum of the Twelve Apostles</a> in 1903. In 1907, Smith negotiated the church's purchase of the Joseph Smith farm in <a href="/wiki/Palmyra_(town),_New_York" class="mw-redirect" title="Palmyra (town), New York">Palmyra, New York</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>From 1920 until 1921 Smith served as president of the church's British and European missions. In this capacity, he preached in the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ireland" title="Ireland">Ireland</a>, <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a>, <a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a>. He worked tirelessly to convince the British government to allow the church to send more missionaries and also met with Swiss officials to get permission to send more missionaries to that country. </p><p>While presiding over the European Mission, Smith had his first airplane flight as part of a journey from Britain to Sweden. Throughout the 1920s and 1930s he was a strong supporter of use of airplanes in travel. <a href="/wiki/J._Reuben_Clark" title="J. Reuben Clark">J. Reuben Clark</a>, of the church's <a href="/wiki/First_Presidency_(LDS_Church)" title="First Presidency (LDS Church)">First Presidency</a>, was an equally ardent opposer of the use of airplanes. Considering how many airplanes crashed in these early years of aviation Clark may well have had a more reasonable approach to the issue. </p><p>From 1922 to 1935, Smith was the general superintendent of the church's MIA. His counselors were Richard R. Lyman and <a href="/wiki/Melvin_J._Ballard" title="Melvin J. Ballard">Melvin J. Ballard</a>. During his tenure, cooperation between the young men and young women's MIA organizations increased. One sign of this was the <i><a href="/wiki/Young_Woman%27s_Journal" title="Young Woman's Journal">Young Woman's Journal</a></i>, merging into the young women's MIA-published <i><a href="/wiki/Improvement_Era" title="Improvement Era">Improvement Era</a></i> in 1929.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1935 he was succeeded in this position by <a href="/wiki/Albert_E._Bowen" title="Albert E. Bowen">Albert E. Bowen</a>. </p><p>His illnesses seem to have come on in large part as a result of many of the difficult circumstances he suffered while visiting stake conferences during the first six years he was an apostle. </p><p>After his return from Europe in 1921, Smith had a full schedule of stake conference assignments. That year he presided at stake conferences in Utah, Arizona and in Chihuahua state in Mexico.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1921 Smith became the chairman of the executive board of the <i><a href="/wiki/Deseret_News" title="Deseret News">Deseret News</a></i>. He was also on the general board for Religion Classes, which were weekday religious instruction that later merged with the Young Men and Young Women programs. He was also made chairman of the church's Centennial Celebration Committee.<sup id="cite_ref-Against_the_Odds_p._148_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Against_the_Odds_p._148-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Smith continued as chair of the Centennial Committee until it work ended in 1930. </p><p>In 1928, Smith purchased the <a href="/wiki/Hill_Cumorah" class="mw-redirect" title="Hill Cumorah">Hill Cumorah</a> for the church. This was a result of over 20 years of work on trying to get the hill coordinated between Smith and Willard Bean on the part of the church and the local landowners.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1930, Smith invited a group of his friends who shared his interest in the history of the LDS Church to his house. They organized the <b>Utah Pioneer Trails and Landmarks Association</b>. Smith was made the first president of this organization. They placed a large number of historical markers in the western United States over the next five years.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The group would eventually erect more than 100 monuments and markers. </p><p>With the death of <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Quorum_of_the_Twelve_Apostles_(LDS_Church)" title="President of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles (LDS Church)">quorum president</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rudger_Clawson" title="Rudger Clawson">Rudger Clawson</a>, in 1943, Smith was sustained as President of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles and served in the position for two years. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Church_president">Church president</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Albert_Smith&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Church president"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>With the death of <a href="/wiki/Heber_J._Grant" title="Heber J. Grant">Heber J. Grant</a>, Smith became president of the church on May 21, 1945. When <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> ended, Smith helped send supplies to <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a> and was also known for his efforts to revitalize missionary work. He publicly denounced the activities and political influence of the American <a href="/wiki/Ku_Klux_Klan" title="Ku Klux Klan">Ku Klux Klan</a>. Smith dedicated the <a href="/wiki/Idaho_Falls_Idaho_Temple" title="Idaho Falls Idaho Temple">Idaho Falls Temple</a> on September 23, 1945. Over his lifetime, he traveled approximately a million miles fulfilling church assignments.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Smith was the first church president to visit <a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a> while in office. He went there to complete the reconciliation of and return to the church a group of <a href="/wiki/Apostasy" title="Apostasy">apostates</a> in Mexico known as the "<a href="/wiki/Third_Convention" title="Third Convention">Third Conventionists</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Also during his presidency the first translation of the <a href="/wiki/Endowment_(Latter_Day_Saints)" title="Endowment (Latter Day Saints)">endowment</a> ceremony was done. The translation was done by <a href="/wiki/Antoine_R._Ivins" title="Antoine R. Ivins">Antoine R. Ivins</a> and <a href="/wiki/Eduardo_Balderas" title="Eduardo Balderas">Eduardo Balderas</a>, with the approval of the First Presidency. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Emotional_illness">Emotional illness</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Albert_Smith&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Emotional illness"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>While not common knowledge among contemporary members of the LDS Church, nor even in Smith's day, it was well known to his close friends, church associates, and family members that Smith suffered from chronic depression and anxiety, which at times could be debilitating, including one nervous breakdown that left him largely bedridden from 1909 to 1912.<sup id="cite_ref-Woodger2008_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Woodger2008-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 115">: 115 </span></sup> Throughout his life, Smith took to his bed, sometimes for days at a time, with emotional and mental illness related issues.<sup id="cite_ref-Woodger2008_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Woodger2008-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 124">: 124 </span></sup> Smith professed that these experiences helped deepen his understanding of the Gospel and personal belief in the existence of God, stating in a 1921 general conference session, "I have been in the valley of the shadow of death in recent years, so near the other side that I am sure that for the special blessing of our Heavenly Father I could not have remained here. ... The nearer I went to the other side, the greater was my assurance that the gospel is true."<sup id="cite_ref-Woodger2008_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Woodger2008-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 115">: 115 </span></sup> </p><p>According to Mary Jane Woodger: </p><p>"Those close to George Albert Smith were aware of some emotional problems. Grandchild George Albert Smith V suggests that his grandfather struggled with depression, feeling incompetent, and being overwhelmed. There were times when 'he just could not pull it all together.' Another granddaughter, Shauna Lucy Stewart Larsen, who lived in George Albert's home for twelve years as a child, remembers that 'when there was great, tremendous stress, mostly [of] an emotional kind, it took its toll and he would literally have to go to bed for several days.' Grandson Robert Murray Stewart remembers, 'There were problems associated with his mental health, just maintaining control of himself.' Given what seems to be George Albert's emotional fragility, physical illness may have been a socially acceptable way for him to retreat, rest, and regroup before tackling his responsibilities again with renewed determination."<sup id="cite_ref-Woodger2008_7-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Woodger2008-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 124">: 124 </span></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Death_and_legacy">Death and legacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Albert_Smith&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Death and legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In March 1951, Smith suffered a <a href="/wiki/Stroke" title="Stroke">stroke</a> that left him mostly paralyzed on the right side of his body, and gradually deteriorated until his death on April 4, 1951, his 81st birthday.<sup id="cite_ref-Prince2005_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Prince2005-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 1">: 1 </span></sup> He was buried at <a href="/wiki/Salt_Lake_City_Cemetery" title="Salt Lake City Cemetery">Salt Lake City Cemetery</a>. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:GeorgeAlbertSmithGrave.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="George Albert Smith's grave marker"><img alt="George Albert Smith's grave marker" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/GeorgeAlbertSmithGrave.jpg/120px-GeorgeAlbertSmithGrave.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/GeorgeAlbertSmithGrave.jpg/180px-GeorgeAlbertSmithGrave.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/GeorgeAlbertSmithGrave.jpg/240px-GeorgeAlbertSmithGrave.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2576" data-file-height="1932" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">George Albert Smith's grave marker</div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:JohnGeorgeSmithsMonumentFront.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Front side of monument to four generations of a branch of the Smith family, prominent in LDS history."><img alt="Front side of monument to four generations of a branch of the Smith family, prominent in LDS history." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/JohnGeorgeSmithsMonumentFront.jpg/120px-JohnGeorgeSmithsMonumentFront.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/JohnGeorgeSmithsMonumentFront.jpg/180px-JohnGeorgeSmithsMonumentFront.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/JohnGeorgeSmithsMonumentFront.jpg/240px-JohnGeorgeSmithsMonumentFront.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2576" data-file-height="1932" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Front side of monument to four generations of a branch of the Smith family, prominent in LDS history.</div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:JohnGeorgeSmithsMonumentBack.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Back side of monument to four generations of a branch of the Smith family, prominent in LDS history."><img alt="Back side of monument to four generations of a branch of the Smith family, prominent in LDS history." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/JohnGeorgeSmithsMonumentBack.jpg/120px-JohnGeorgeSmithsMonumentBack.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/JohnGeorgeSmithsMonumentBack.jpg/180px-JohnGeorgeSmithsMonumentBack.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/JohnGeorgeSmithsMonumentBack.jpg/240px-JohnGeorgeSmithsMonumentBack.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2576" data-file-height="1932" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Back side of monument to four generations of a branch of the Smith family, prominent in LDS history.</div></div> </li> </ul> <p>Smith's <a href="/wiki/Teachings_of_Presidents_of_the_Church" title="Teachings of Presidents of the Church">teachings as an apostle</a> were the 2012 course of study in the LDS Church's Sunday <a href="/wiki/Relief_Society" title="Relief Society">Relief Society</a> and <a href="/wiki/Melchizedek_priesthood_(Latter_Day_Saints)" title="Melchizedek priesthood (Latter Day Saints)">Melchizedek priesthood</a> classes. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ancestry">Ancestry</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Albert_Smith&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Ancestry"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886387087">.mw-parser-output table.ahnentafel{border-collapse:separate;border-spacing:0;line-height:130%}.mw-parser-output .ahnentafel tr{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ahnentafel-t{border-top:#000 solid 1px;border-left:#000 solid 1px}.mw-parser-output .ahnentafel-b{border-bottom:#000 solid 1px;border-left:#000 solid 1px}</style><div class="noresize"><table class="ahnentafel" style="font-size:88%;margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><tbody><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="28" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="13"> </td><td rowspan="12" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="5"> </td><td rowspan="4" colspan="2"> </td><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #bfc;">8. <a href="/wiki/John_Smith_(uncle_of_Joseph_Smith)" title="John Smith (uncle of Joseph Smith)">John Smith</a></td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #ffc;">4. <a href="/wiki/George_A._Smith" title="George A. Smith">George A. Smith</a></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="7" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #bfc;">9. Clarissa Lyman</td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #fb9;">2. <a href="/wiki/John_Henry_Smith" title="John Henry Smith">John Henry Smith</a></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="7"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="15" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="14" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="7" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #bfc;">10. Nathaniel Libby</td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #ffc;">5. Sarah Ann Libby</td><td rowspan="2" colspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="7"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #bfc;">11. Tirzah Lord</td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #fcc;">1. <b>George Albert Smith Sr.</b></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="11"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="28" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="15" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="14" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="7"> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #bfc;">12. Winslow Farr</td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #ffc;">6. <a href="/wiki/Lorin_Farr" title="Lorin Farr">Lorin Farr</a></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="7" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #bfc;">13. Olive Hovey Freeman</td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #fb9;">3. Sarah Farr</td><td rowspan="2" colspan="7"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="13"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="12" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="7" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #bfc;">14. Ezra Chase</td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #ffc;">7. Nancy Bailey Chase</td><td rowspan="2" colspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="5"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="4" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #bfc;">15. Tirzah Wells</td></tr><tr><td> </td><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td></tr></tbody></table></div><p><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Works">Works</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Albert_Smith&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Works"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFSmith1951" class="citation book cs1">Smith, George Albert (1951). <i>Sayings of a Saint</i>. Alice K. Chase.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sayings+of+a+Saint&rft.pub=Alice+K.+Chase&rft.date=1951&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=George+Albert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Albert+Smith" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmith1948" class="citation book cs1">—— (1948). <i>Sharing the Gospel With Others: Excerpts from the Sermons of President Smith</i>. compiled by <a href="/wiki/Preston_Nibley" title="Preston Nibley">Preston Nibley</a>. <a href="/wiki/Deseret_News_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="Deseret News Press">Deseret News Press</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sharing+the+Gospel+With+Others%3A+Excerpts+from+the+Sermons+of+President+Smith&rft.pub=Deseret+News+Press&rft.date=1948&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=George+Albert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Albert+Smith" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmith1996" class="citation book cs1">—— (1996). Robert McIntosh and Susan McIntosh. (ed.). <i>The Teachings of George Albert Smith, Eighth President of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints</i>. <a href="/wiki/Bookcraft,_Inc." class="mw-redirect" title="Bookcraft, Inc.">Bookcraft, Inc.</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Teachings+of+George+Albert+Smith%2C+Eighth+President+of+the+Church+of+Jesus+Christ+of+Latter-day+Saints&rft.pub=Bookcraft%2C+Inc.&rft.date=1996&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=George+Albert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Albert+Smith" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmith2011" class="citation book cs1">—— (2011). <a href="/wiki/Teachings_of_Presidents_of_the_Church:_George_Albert_Smith" class="mw-redirect" title="Teachings of Presidents of the Church: George Albert Smith"><i>Teachings of Presidents of the Church: George Albert Smith</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Church_of_Jesus_Christ_of_Latter-day_Saints" title="The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints">The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Teachings+of+Presidents+of+the+Church%3A+George+Albert+Smith&rft.pub=The+Church+of+Jesus+Christ+of+Latter-day+Saints&rft.date=2011&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=George+Albert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Albert+Smith" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Albert_Smith&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Christus_statue_temple_square_salt_lake_city.jpg/32px-Christus_statue_temple_square_salt_lake_city.jpg" decoding="async" width="32" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Christus_statue_temple_square_salt_lake_city.jpg/48px-Christus_statue_temple_square_salt_lake_city.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Christus_statue_temple_square_salt_lake_city.jpg/64px-Christus_statue_temple_square_salt_lake_city.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1067" data-file-height="800" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Latter_Day_Saint_movement" title="Portal:Latter Day Saint movement">Latter Day Saint movement portal</a></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Albert_Smith&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPusey1986" class="citation book cs1">Pusey, Merlo J. (1986). Arrington, Leonard J. (ed.). <i>The Presidents of the Church</i>. Salt Lake City, Utah: Deseret Book. pp. 251–2. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0875790267" title="Special:BookSources/0875790267"><bdi>0875790267</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Presidents+of+the+Church&rft.place=Salt+Lake+City%2C+Utah&rft.pages=251-2&rft.pub=Deseret+Book&rft.date=1986&rft.isbn=0875790267&rft.aulast=Pusey&rft.aufirst=Merlo+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Albert+Smith" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mary Jane Woodger, <i>Against the Odds: The Life of George Albert Smith</i> (American Fork, Utah: Covenant Communications, 2011), p. 34</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Woodger, <i>Against the Odds</i>, p. 35</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Woodger. <i>Against The Odds</i> p. 69-70</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Woodger, <i>Against The Odds</i> p. 70</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Encyclopedia-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Encyclopedia_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJanath_R.1992" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Janath R., Cannon (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/cdm/ref/collection/EoM/id/4143">"Robison, Louise Yates"</a>. In Ludlow, Daniel H. (ed.). <i>Encyclopedia of Mormonism</i>. Vol. 3. New York, NY: Macmillan. pp. 1326–9. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0028796020" title="Special:BookSources/0028796020"><bdi>0028796020</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Robison%2C+Louise+Yates&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Mormonism&rft.place=New+York%2C+NY&rft.pages=1326-9&rft.pub=Macmillan&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=0028796020&rft.aulast=Janath+R.&rft.aufirst=Cannon&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcontentdm.lib.byu.edu%2Fcdm%2Fref%2Fcollection%2FEoM%2Fid%2F4143&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Albert+Smith" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Woodger2008-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Woodger2008_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Woodger2008_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Woodger2008_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Woodger2008_7-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Woodger2008_7-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWoodger2008" class="citation journal cs1">Woodger, Mary Jane (Fall 2008). "<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Cheat the Asylum of a Victim': George Albert Smith's 1909-1912 Breakdown". <i>Journal of Mormon History</i>. <b>34</b> (4).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Mormon+History&rft.atitle=%27Cheat+the+Asylum+of+a+Victim%27%3A+George+Albert+Smith%27s+1909-1912+Breakdown&rft.ssn=fall&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=4&rft.date=2008&rft.aulast=Woodger&rft.aufirst=Mary+Jane&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Albert+Smith" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Woodger, <i>Against the Odds</i> p. 73-74</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Woodger, <i>Against The Odds</i> p. 77</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Against the Odds</i> p. 143-144.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Against_the_Odds_p._148-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Against_the_Odds_p._148_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Against_the_Odds_p._148_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Against the Odds</i> p. 148</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Against_the_Odds_p._150-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Against_the_Odds_p._150_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Against_the_Odds_p._150_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Against the Odds</i> p. 150</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Against the Odds</i> p. 161</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Against the Odds</i> p. 152</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Woodger, <i>Against the Odds</i> p. 71</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGibbons2009" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Francis_M._Gibbons" title="Francis M. Gibbons">Gibbons, Francis M.</a> (2009). <i>George Albert Smith, Kind Caring Christian, Prophet of God</i>. Salt Lake City: Deseret Book. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781606412145" title="Special:BookSources/9781606412145"><bdi>9781606412145</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=George+Albert+Smith%2C+Kind+Caring+Christian%2C+Prophet+of+God&rft.place=Salt+Lake+City&rft.pub=Deseret+Book&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=9781606412145&rft.aulast=Gibbons&rft.aufirst=Francis+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Albert+Smith" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Against the Odds</i> p. 162</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Against the Odds</i> p. 164-166</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Against the Odds</i> p. 171</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Church history</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Francis M. Gibbons, <i>Georrge Albert Smith: Kind and Caring Christian, Prophet of God</i> (Salt Lake City: Deseret Book, 1990), p. 16</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gibbons, <i>George ALbert Smith</i>, p. 22</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gibbons, <i>George Albert Smith</i>, p. 24</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gibbons, <i>George Albert Smith</i>, p. 25</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Woodger. <i>Against The Odds</i>. P. 63</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Woodger, <i>Against the Odds</i> p. 74</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Woodger,_p._74-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Woodger,_p._74_27-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Woodger,_p._74_27-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Woodger, <i>Against The Odds</i> p. 74</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Against the Odds</i> p. 157</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">'Against the Odds' p. 149</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Against the Odds</i>, p. 148</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Against the Odds</i> p. 157-158</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Against the Odds</i> p. 158</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">George Albert Smith, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://speeches.byu.edu/?act=browse&speaker=Smith%2C+George+Albert&topic=&type=&year=&x=13&y=7">"Devotional"</a>, January 1, 1950.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFlake1972" class="citation magazine cs1">Flake, Gerry R. (September 1972). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.churchofjesuschrist.org/study/ensign/1972/09/mormons-in-mexico-the-first-96-years">"Mormons in Mexico: The First 96 Years"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Ensign_(LDS_magazine)" title="Ensign (LDS magazine)">Ensign</a></i>. p. 20.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ensign&rft.atitle=Mormons+in+Mexico%3A+The+First+96+Years&rft.pages=20&rft.date=1972-09&rft.aulast=Flake&rft.aufirst=Gerry+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.churchofjesuschrist.org%2Fstudy%2Fensign%2F1972%2F09%2Fmormons-in-mexico-the-first-96-years&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Albert+Smith" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Prince2005-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Prince2005_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPrinceWright2005" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Gregory_Prince" title="Gregory Prince">Prince, Gregory</a>; <a href="/wiki/William_Robert_Wright" class="mw-redirect" title="William Robert Wright">Wright, William Robert</a> (2005). <a href="/wiki/David_O._McKay_and_the_Rise_of_Modern_Mormonism" title="David O. McKay and the Rise of Modern Mormonism"><i>David O. McKay and the Rise of Modern Mormonism</i></a>. Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87480-822-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-87480-822-7"><bdi>0-87480-822-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=David+O.+McKay+and+the+Rise+of+Modern+Mormonism&rft.place=Salt+Lake+City&rft.pub=University+of+Utah+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=0-87480-822-7&rft.aulast=Prince&rft.aufirst=Gregory&rft.au=Wright%2C+William+Robert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Albert+Smith" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.familysearch.org/tree/pedigree/fanchart/KWNJ-8T5">"George Albert Smith Sr. family tree"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/FamilySearch" title="FamilySearch">FamilySearch</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 17,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=FamilySearch&rft.atitle=George+Albert+Smith+Sr.+family+tree&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.familysearch.org%2Ftree%2Fpedigree%2Ffanchart%2FKWNJ-8T5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Albert+Smith" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Albert_Smith&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/34px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="34" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/51px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/68px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikiquote has quotations related to <i><b><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/George_Albert_Smith" class="extiw" title="q:Special:Search/George Albert Smith">George Albert Smith</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235611614">.mw-parser-output .spoken-wikipedia{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);margin:0.5em 0;padding:0.2em;line-height:1.5em;font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .spoken-wikipedia-header{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .spoken-wikipedia-listen-to{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .spoken-wikipedia-files{text-align:center;margin-top:10px;margin-bottom:0.4em}.mw-parser-output .spoken-wikipedia-icon{float:left;margin-left:5px;margin-top:10px}.mw-parser-output .spoken-wikipedia-disclaimer{margin-left:60px;margin-top:10px;font-size:95%;line-height:1.4em}.mw-parser-output .spoken-wikipedia-footer{margin-top:10px;text-align:center}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .spoken-wikipedia{width:20em;float:right;clear:right;margin-left:1em}}</style><div class="spoken-wikipedia noprint haudio"><div class="spoken-wikipedia-header"><span class="spoken-wikipedia-listen-to">Listen to this article</span> (<span class="duration"><span class="min">3</span> minutes</span>)</div><div class="spoken-wikipedia-files"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="200" style="width:200px;" data-durationhint="161" data-mwtitle="En-georgealbertsmith.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b9/En-georgealbertsmith.ogg" type="audio/ogg; 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Smith Papers</a> at <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://collections.lib.utah.edu/">University of Utah Digital Library</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lib.utah.edu/collections/special-collections/">Marriott Library Special Collections</a></li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FABE60;"><a href="/wiki/The_Church_of_Jesus_Christ_of_Latter-day_Saints" title="The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints">The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints titles</a> </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Heber_J._Grant" title="Heber J. Grant">Heber J. Grant</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Church_(LDS_Church)" title="President of the Church (LDS Church)">President of the Church</a> </b><br />May 21, 1945–April 4, 1951 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/David_O._McKay" title="David O. McKay">David O. McKay</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Rudger_Clawson" title="Rudger Clawson">Rudger Clawson</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Quorum_of_the_Twelve_Apostles_(LDS_Church)" title="President of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles (LDS Church)">President of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles</a> </b><br />June 21, 1943–May 21, 1945 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/George_F._Richards" title="George F. Richards">George F. Richards</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Hyrum_M._Smith" title="Hyrum M. Smith">Hyrum M. Smith</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Quorum_of_the_Twelve_Apostles_(LDS_Church)" title="Quorum of the Twelve Apostles (LDS Church)">Quorum of the Twelve Apostles</a> </b><br />October 8, 1903–May 21, 1945 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Charles_W._Penrose" title="Charles W. Penrose">Charles W. Penrose</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Anthony_W._Ivins" title="Anthony W. Ivins">Anthony W. Ivins</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Young_Men_(organization)#Chronology_of_the_general_superintendencies_and_presidencies_of_the_Young_Men" title="Young Men (organization)">Superintendent</a> of the<br /><a href="/wiki/Young_Men%27s_Mutual_Improvement_Association" class="mw-redirect" title="Young Men's Mutual Improvement Association">Young Men's Mutual Improvement Association</a> </b><br />1921–1935 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Albert_E._Bowen" title="Albert E. Bowen">Albert E. Bowen</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:LDSfirstpresidency" title="Template:LDSfirstpresidency"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:LDSfirstpresidency" title="Template talk:LDSfirstpresidency"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:LDSfirstpresidency" title="Special:EditPage/Template:LDSfirstpresidency"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Presidents_of_The_Church_of_Jesus_Christ_of_Latter-day_Saints" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_Church_of_Jesus_Christ_of_Latter-day_Saints" title="List of presidents of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints">Presidents</a> of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_Church_of_Jesus_Christ_of_Latter-day_Saints" title="List of presidents of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints">Presidents of<br />the Church</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Smith" title="Joseph Smith">J. Smith Jr.</a> (1830–44)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brigham_Young" title="Brigham Young">B. Young Sr.</a> (1847–77)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Taylor_(Mormon)" title="John Taylor (Mormon)">Taylor</a> (1880–87)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilford_Woodruff" title="Wilford Woodruff">Woodruff</a> (1889–98)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lorenzo_Snow" title="Lorenzo Snow">Snow</a> (1898–1901)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_F._Smith" title="Joseph F. Smith">J.F. Smith Sr.</a> (1901–18)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heber_J._Grant" title="Heber J. Grant">Grant</a> (1918–45)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">G.A. Smith</a> (1945–51)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_O._McKay" title="David O. McKay">McKay</a> (1951–70)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Fielding_Smith" title="Joseph Fielding Smith">J.F. Smith Jr.</a> (1970–72)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_B._Lee" title="Harold B. Lee">Lee</a> (1972–73)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spencer_W._Kimball" title="Spencer W. Kimball">Kimball</a> (1973–85)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ezra_Taft_Benson" title="Ezra Taft Benson">Benson</a> (1985–94)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howard_W._Hunter" title="Howard W. Hunter">Hunter</a> (1994–95)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gordon_B._Hinckley" title="Gordon B. Hinckley">Hinckley</a> (1995–2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_S._Monson" title="Thomas S. Monson">Monson</a> (2008–18)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russell_M._Nelson" title="Russell M. Nelson">Nelson</a> (2018–)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Presidents_of_the_Quorum_of_the_Twelve_Apostles_of_The_Church_of_Jesus_Christ_of_Latter-day_Saints" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:LDSpresq12" title="Template:LDSpresq12"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:LDSpresq12" title="Template talk:LDSpresq12"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:LDSpresq12" title="Special:EditPage/Template:LDSpresq12"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Presidents_of_the_Quorum_of_the_Twelve_Apostles_of_The_Church_of_Jesus_Christ_of_Latter-day_Saints" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Quorum_of_the_Twelve_Apostles_(LDS_Church)" title="President of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles (LDS Church)">Presidents of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles</a> of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_B._Marsh" title="Thomas B. Marsh">Marsh</a> (1835–39)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brigham_Young" title="Brigham Young">B. Young Sr.</a> (1839–47)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orson_Hyde" title="Orson Hyde">Hyde</a> (1847–75)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Taylor_(Mormon)" title="John Taylor (Mormon)">Taylor</a> (1875–80)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilford_Woodruff" title="Wilford Woodruff">Woodruff</a> (1880–89)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lorenzo_Snow" title="Lorenzo Snow">Snow</a> (1889–98)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franklin_D._Richards_(Mormon_apostle)" title="Franklin D. Richards (Mormon apostle)">F.D. Richards</a> (1898–99)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brigham_Young_Jr." title="Brigham Young Jr.">B. Young Jr.</a> (1899–1901)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_F._Smith" title="Joseph F. Smith">J.F. Smith Sr.</a> (1901)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brigham_Young_Jr." title="Brigham Young Jr.">B. Young Jr.</a> (1901–03)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_M._Lyman" title="Francis M. Lyman">Lyman</a> (1903–16)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heber_J._Grant" title="Heber J. Grant">Grant</a> (1916–18)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthon_H._Lund" title="Anthon H. Lund">Lund</a> (1918–21)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudger_Clawson" title="Rudger Clawson">Clawson</a> (1921–43)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">G.A. Smith</a> (1943–45)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_F._Richards" title="George F. Richards">G.F. Richards</a> (1945–50)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_O._McKay" title="David O. McKay">McKay</a> (1950–51)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Fielding_Smith" title="Joseph Fielding Smith">J.F. Smith Jr.</a> (1951–70)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_B._Lee" title="Harold B. Lee">Lee</a> (1970–72)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spencer_W._Kimball" title="Spencer W. Kimball">Kimball</a> (1972–73)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ezra_Taft_Benson" title="Ezra Taft Benson">Benson</a> (1973–85)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marion_G._Romney" title="Marion G. Romney">Romney</a> (1985–88)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howard_W._Hunter" title="Howard W. Hunter">Hunter</a> (1988–94)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gordon_B._Hinckley" title="Gordon B. Hinckley">Hinckley</a> (1994–95)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_S._Monson" title="Thomas S. Monson">Monson</a> (1995–2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boyd_K._Packer" title="Boyd K. Packer">Packer</a> (2008–15)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russell_M._Nelson" title="Russell M. Nelson">Nelson</a> (2015–18)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dallin_H._Oaks" title="Dallin H. Oaks">Oaks</a> (2018–)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Apostles_of_The_Church_of_Jesus_Christ_of_Latter-day_Saints" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:LDSApostles" title="Template:LDSApostles"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:LDSApostles" title="Template talk:LDSApostles"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:LDSApostles" title="Special:EditPage/Template:LDSApostles"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Apostles_of_The_Church_of_Jesus_Christ_of_Latter-day_Saints" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Apostle_(Latter_Day_Saints)" title="Apostle (Latter Day Saints)">Apostles</a> of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Smith" title="Joseph Smith">J. Smith</a> (1829–44)<sup id="cite_ref-not12_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-not12-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oliver_Cowdery" title="Oliver Cowdery">Cowdery</a> (1829–38)<sup id="cite_ref-not12_37-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-not12-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-excommunication_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-excommunication-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Whitmer" title="David Whitmer">Whitmer</a> (1829–38)<sup id="cite_ref-not12_37-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-not12-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-excommunication_38-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-excommunication-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Harris_(Latter_Day_Saints)" title="Martin Harris (Latter Day Saints)">Harris</a> (unknown–1837)<sup id="cite_ref-not12_37-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-not12-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-excommunication_38-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-excommunication-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_B._Marsh" title="Thomas B. Marsh">Marsh</a> (1835–39)<sup id="cite_ref-excommunication_38-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-excommunication-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_W._Patten" title="David W. Patten">Patten</a> (1835–38)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brigham_Young" title="Brigham Young">B. Young Sr.</a> (1835–77)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heber_C._Kimball" title="Heber C. Kimball">H. C. Kimball</a> (1835–68)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orson_Hyde" title="Orson Hyde">Hyde</a> (1835–78)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_E._McLellin" title="William E. McLellin">McLellin</a> (1835–38)<sup id="cite_ref-excommunication_38-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-excommunication-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parley_P._Pratt" title="Parley P. Pratt">P. P. Pratt</a> (1835–57)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luke_Johnson_(Mormon)" title="Luke Johnson (Mormon)">Luke Johnson</a> (1835–37)<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Smith_(Latter_Day_Saints)" title="William Smith (Latter Day Saints)">Wm. Smith</a> (1835–45)<sup id="cite_ref-excommunication_38-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-excommunication-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orson_Pratt" title="Orson Pratt">O. Pratt</a> (1835–81)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_F._Boynton" title="John F. Boynton">Boynton</a> (1835–37)<sup id="cite_ref-excommunication_38-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-excommunication-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyman_E._Johnson" title="Lyman E. Johnson">L. E. Johnson</a> (1835–38)<sup id="cite_ref-excommunication_38-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-excommunication-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_E._Page" title="John E. Page">Page</a> (1838–46)<sup id="cite_ref-excommunication_38-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-excommunication-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Taylor_(Mormon)" title="John Taylor (Mormon)">J. Taylor</a> (1838–87)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilford_Woodruff" title="Wilford Woodruff">W. Woodruff</a> (1839–98)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_A._Smith" title="George A. Smith">G. A. Smith</a> (1839–75)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willard_Richards" title="Willard Richards">W. Richards</a> (1840–54)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyman_Wight" title="Lyman Wight">Wight</a> (1841–48)<sup id="cite_ref-excommunication_38-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-excommunication-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyrum_Smith" title="Hyrum Smith">H. Smith</a> (1841–44)<sup id="cite_ref-not12_37-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-not12-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amasa_Lyman" title="Amasa Lyman">A. M. Lyman</a> (1842–67)<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ezra_T._Benson" title="Ezra T. Benson">Benson</a> (1846–69)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_C._Rich" title="Charles C. Rich">Rich</a> (1849–83)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lorenzo_Snow" title="Lorenzo Snow">L. Snow</a> (1849–1901)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erastus_Snow" title="Erastus Snow">E. Snow</a> (1849–88)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franklin_D._Richards_(Mormon_apostle)" title="Franklin D. Richards (Mormon apostle)">F. D. Richards</a> (1849–99)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jedediah_M._Grant" title="Jedediah M. Grant">J. M. Grant</a> (1854–56)<sup id="cite_ref-not12_37-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-not12-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_H._Wells" title="Daniel H. Wells">Wells</a> (1857–91)<sup id="cite_ref-not12_37-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-not12-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Willard_Young" title="John Willard Young">J. W. Young</a> (1855–1924)<sup id="cite_ref-not12_37-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-not12-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Q._Cannon" title="George Q. Cannon">G. Q. Cannon</a> (1860–1901)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Angell_Young" title="Joseph Angell Young">J. A. Young</a> (1864–75)<sup id="cite_ref-not12_37-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-not12-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brigham_Young_Jr." title="Brigham Young Jr.">B. Young Jr.</a> (1864–1903)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_F._Smith" title="Joseph F. Smith">J. F. Smith Sr.</a> (1866–1918)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Carrington" title="Albert Carrington">Carrington</a> (1870–85)<sup id="cite_ref-excommunication_38-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-excommunication-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moses_Thatcher" title="Moses Thatcher">Thatcher</a> (1879–1909)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_M._Lyman" title="Francis M. Lyman">F. M. Lyman</a> (1880–1916)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Henry_Smith" title="John Henry Smith">J. H. Smith</a> (1880–1911)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Teasdale" title="George Teasdale">Teasdale</a> (1882–1907)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heber_J._Grant" title="Heber J. Grant">H. J. Grant</a> (1882–1945)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_W._Taylor_(Mormon)" title="John W. Taylor (Mormon)">J. W. Taylor</a> (1884–1911)<sup id="cite_ref-excommunication_38-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-excommunication-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marriner_W._Merrill" title="Marriner W. Merrill">M. W. Merrill</a> (1889–1906)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthon_H._Lund" title="Anthon H. Lund">Lund</a> (1889–1921)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abraham_H._Cannon" title="Abraham H. Cannon">A. H. Cannon</a> (1889–96)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthias_F._Cowley" title="Matthias F. Cowley">M. F. Cowley</a> (1897–1911)<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abraham_O._Woodruff" title="Abraham O. Woodruff">A. O. Woodruff</a> (1897–1904)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudger_Clawson" title="Rudger Clawson">Clawson</a> (1898–1943)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reed_Smoot" title="Reed Smoot">Smoot</a> (1900–41)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyrum_M._Smith" title="Hyrum M. Smith">H. M. Smith</a> (1901–18)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">G. A. Smith</a> (1903–51)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_W._Penrose" title="Charles W. Penrose">Penrose</a> (1904–25)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_F._Richards" title="George F. Richards">G. F. Richards</a> (1906–50)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orson_F._Whitney" title="Orson F. Whitney">Whitney</a> (1906–31)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_O._McKay" title="David O. McKay">McKay</a> (1906–70)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_W._Ivins" title="Anthony W. Ivins">Ivins</a> (1907–34)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Fielding_Smith" title="Joseph Fielding Smith">J. F. Smith Jr.</a> (1910–72)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_E._Talmage" title="James E. Talmage">Talmage</a> (1911–33)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_L_Richards" title="Stephen L Richards">S. L. Richards</a> (1917–59)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_R._Lyman" title="Richard R. Lyman">R. R. Lyman</a> (1918–43)<sup id="cite_ref-excommunication_38-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-excommunication-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melvin_J._Ballard" title="Melvin J. Ballard">M. J. Ballard</a> (1919–39)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_A._Widtsoe" title="John A. Widtsoe">Widtsoe</a> (1921–52)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_F._Merrill" title="Joseph F. Merrill">J. F. Merrill</a> (1931–52)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_A._Callis" title="Charles A. Callis">Callis</a> (1933–47)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._Reuben_Clark" title="J. Reuben Clark">Clark</a> (1934–61)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alonzo_A._Hinckley" title="Alonzo A. Hinckley">A. A. Hinckley</a> (1934–36)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_E._Bowen" title="Albert E. Bowen">Bowen</a> (1937–53)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sylvester_Q._Cannon" title="Sylvester Q. Cannon">S. Q. Cannon</a> (1938–43)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_B._Lee" title="Harold B. Lee">Lee</a> (1941–73)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spencer_W._Kimball" title="Spencer W. Kimball">S. W. Kimball</a> (1943–85)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ezra_Taft_Benson" title="Ezra Taft Benson">Benson</a> (1943–94)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_E._Petersen" title="Mark E. Petersen">Petersen</a> (1944–84)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_Cowley" title="Matthew Cowley">M. Cowley</a> (1945–53)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_D._Moyle" title="Henry D. Moyle">Moyle</a> (1947–63)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delbert_L._Stapley" title="Delbert L. Stapley">Stapley</a> (1950–78)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marion_G._Romney" title="Marion G. Romney">Romney</a> (1951–88)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/LeGrand_Richards" title="LeGrand Richards">L. Richards</a> (1952–83)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adam_S._Bennion" title="Adam S. Bennion">Bennion</a> (1953–58)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_L._Evans" title="Richard L. Evans">Evans</a> (1953–71)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Q._Morris" title="George Q. Morris">Morris</a> (1954–62)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_B._Brown" title="Hugh B. Brown">Brown</a> (1958–75)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howard_W._Hunter" title="Howard W. Hunter">Hunter</a> (1959–95)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gordon_B._Hinckley" title="Gordon B. Hinckley">G. B. Hinckley</a> (1961–2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathan_Eldon_Tanner" title="Nathan Eldon Tanner">Tanner</a> (1962–82)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_S._Monson" title="Thomas S. Monson">Monson</a> (1963–2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alvin_R._Dyer" title="Alvin R. Dyer">Dyer</a> (1967–77)<sup id="cite_ref-not12_37-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-not12-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boyd_K._Packer" title="Boyd K. Packer">Packer</a> (1970–2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marvin_J._Ashton" title="Marvin J. Ashton">Ashton</a> (1971–94)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruce_R._McConkie" title="Bruce R. McConkie">McConkie</a> (1972–85)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/L._Tom_Perry" title="L. Tom Perry">Perry</a> (1974–2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_B._Haight" title="David B. Haight">Haight</a> (1976–2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_E._Faust" title="James E. Faust">Faust</a> (1978–2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neal_A._Maxwell" title="Neal A. Maxwell">Maxwell</a> (1981–2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russell_M._Nelson" title="Russell M. Nelson">Nelson</a> (1984–)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dallin_H._Oaks" title="Dallin H. Oaks">Oaks</a> (1984–)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/M._Russell_Ballard" title="M. Russell Ballard">M. R. Ballard</a> (1985–2023)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_B._Wirthlin" title="Joseph B. Wirthlin">Wirthlin</a> (1986–2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_G._Scott" title="Richard G. Scott">Scott</a> (1988–2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_D._Hales" title="Robert D. Hales">Hales</a> (1994–2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeffrey_R._Holland" title="Jeffrey R. Holland">Holland</a> (1994–)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_B._Eyring" title="Henry B. Eyring">Eyring</a> (1995–)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dieter_F._Uchtdorf" title="Dieter F. Uchtdorf">Uchtdorf</a> (2004–)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_A._Bednar" title="David A. Bednar">Bednar</a> (2004–)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quentin_L._Cook" title="Quentin L. Cook">Cook</a> (2007–)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/D._Todd_Christofferson" title="D. Todd Christofferson">Christofferson</a> (2008–)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neil_L._Andersen" title="Neil L. Andersen">Andersen</a> (2009–)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ronald_A._Rasband" title="Ronald A. Rasband">Rasband</a> (2015–)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gary_E._Stevenson" title="Gary E. Stevenson">Stevenson</a> (2015–)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dale_G._Renlund" title="Dale G. Renlund">Renlund</a> (2015–)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerrit_W._Gong" title="Gerrit W. Gong">Gong</a> (2018–)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulisses_Soares" title="Ulisses Soares">Soares</a> (2018–)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Kearon" title="Patrick Kearon">Kearon</a> (2023–)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Notes" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Notes</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="text-align: left;"><div><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-not12-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-not12_37-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-not12_37-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-not12_37-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-not12_37-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-not12_37-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-not12_37-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-not12_37-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-not12_37-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-not12_37-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-not12_37-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Never a member of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-excommunication-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-excommunication_38-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-excommunication_38-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-excommunication_38-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-excommunication_38-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-excommunication_38-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-excommunication_38-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-excommunication_38-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-excommunication_38-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-excommunication_38-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-excommunication_38-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-excommunication_38-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-excommunication_38-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-excommunication_38-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Term ended by excommunication.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Term ended by resignation.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Term ended by removal of apostleship; was later excommunicated.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Term ended by suspension of priesthood.</span> </li> </ol></div></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="General_presidencies_of_the_Young_Men_of_The_Church_of_Jesus_Christ_of_Latter-day_Saints" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:LDSyoungmen" title="Template:LDSyoungmen"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:LDSyoungmen" title="Template talk:LDSyoungmen"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:LDSyoungmen" title="Special:EditPage/Template:LDSyoungmen"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="General_presidencies_of_the_Young_Men_of_The_Church_of_Jesus_Christ_of_Latter-day_Saints" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">General presidencies of the <a href="/wiki/Young_Men_(organization)" title="Young Men (organization)">Young Men</a> of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General<br />Presidents/Superintendents</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Junius_F._Wells" title="Junius F. Wells">Wells</a> (1876–80)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilford_Woodruff" title="Wilford Woodruff">Woodruff</a> (1880–98)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lorenzo_Snow" title="Lorenzo Snow">Snow</a> (1898–1901)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_F._Smith" title="Joseph F. Smith">J.F. Smith</a> (1901–18)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_W._Ivins" title="Anthony W. Ivins">Ivins</a> (1918–21)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">G.A. Smith</a> (1921–35)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_E._Bowen" title="Albert E. Bowen">Bowen</a> (1935–37)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Q._Morris" title="George Q. Morris">Morris</a> (1937–48)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elbert_R._Curtis" title="Elbert R. Curtis">E. Curtis</a> (1948–58)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_T._Bentley" title="Joseph T. Bentley">Bentley</a> (1958–62)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/G._Carlos_Smith" title="G. Carlos Smith">G.C. Smith</a> (1962–69)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/W._Jay_Eldredge" title="W. Jay Eldredge">Eldredge</a> (1969–72)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_L._Backman" title="Robert L. Backman">Backman</a> (1972–74)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neil_D._Schaerrer" title="Neil D. Schaerrer">Schaerrer</a> (1977–79)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_L._Backman" title="Robert L. Backman">Backman</a> (1979–85)</li> <li>Featherstone (1985–90)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_H._Goaslind" title="Jack H. Goaslind">Goaslind</a> (1990–98)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_K._Dellenbach" title="Robert K. Dellenbach">Dellenbach</a> (1998–2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/F._Melvin_Hammond" title="F. Melvin Hammond">Hammond</a> (2001–04)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_W._Dahlquist_II" title="Charles W. Dahlquist II">Dahlquist</a> (2004–09)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_L._Beck" title="David L. Beck">Beck</a> (2009–15)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_W._Owen" title="Stephen W. Owen">Owen</a> (2015–20)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steven_J._Lund" title="Steven J. Lund">Lund</a> (2020–)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">First<br />Counselors/Assistants</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Milton_H._Hardy" title="Milton H. Hardy">M. Hardy</a> (1876–80)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_F._Smith" title="Joseph F. Smith">J.F. Smith</a> (1880–1901)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heber_J._Grant" title="Heber J. Grant">Grant</a> (1901–18)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/B._H._Roberts" title="B. H. Roberts">Roberts</a> (1918–22)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_R._Lyman" title="Richard R. Lyman">Lyman</a> (1922–1935)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Q._Morris" title="George Q. Morris">Morris</a> (1935–37)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_J._Cannon" title="Joseph J. Cannon">J. Cannon</a> (1937-45)</li> <li>Giles (1945-48)</li> <li>Stevenson (1948–58)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alvin_R._Dyer" title="Alvin R. Dyer">Dyer</a> (1958)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/G._Carlos_Smith" title="G. Carlos Smith">G.C. Smith</a> (1958–61)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marvin_J._Ashton" title="Marvin J. Ashton">Ashton</a> (1961–69)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_R._Hill_III" title="George R. Hill III">Hill</a> (1969–71)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_I._Cannon" title="George I. Cannon">G. Cannon</a> (1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/LeGrand_R._Curtis" title="LeGrand R. Curtis">L. Curtis</a> (1972–74)</li> <li>Doxey (1977–79)</li> <li>Featherstone (1979–85)</li> <li>Pinegar (1985–89)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeffrey_R._Holland" title="Jeffrey R. Holland">Holland</a> (1989–90)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/LeGrand_R._Curtis" title="LeGrand R. Curtis">L. Curtis</a> (1990–91)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_K._Dellenbach" title="Robert K. Dellenbach">Dellenbach</a> (1991–92)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_D._Nadauld" title="Stephen D. Nadauld">Nadauld</a> (1992–96)</li> <li>Featherstone (1996–97)</li> <li>Stanley (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_K._Dellenbach" title="Robert K. Dellenbach">Dellenbach</a> (1997–98)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/F._Melvin_Hammond" title="F. Melvin Hammond">Hammond</a> (1998–2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glenn_L._Pace" title="Glenn L. Pace">Pace</a> (2001–03)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynn_G._Robbins" title="Lynn G. Robbins">Robbins</a> (2003–04)</li> <li>Burgess (2004–09)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larry_M._Gibson" title="Larry M. Gibson">Gibson</a> (2009–15)</li> <li>Holmes (2015–20)</li> <li>Corbitt (2020–23)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bradley_R._Wilcox" title="Bradley R. Wilcox">Wilcox</a> (2023–)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Second<br />Counselors/Assistants</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rodney_C._Badger" title="Rodney C. Badger">Badger</a> (1876–80)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moses_Thatcher" title="Moses Thatcher">Thatcher</a> (1880–98)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heber_J._Grant" title="Heber J. Grant">Grant</a> (1898–1901)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/B._H._Roberts" title="B. H. Roberts">Roberts</a> (1901–18)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_R._Lyman" title="Richard R. Lyman">Lyman</a> (1918–22)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melvin_J._Ballard" title="Melvin J. Ballard">Ballard</a> (1922–35)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franklin_L._West" title="Franklin L. West">West</a> (1935–37)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burton_K._Farnsworth" title="Burton K. Farnsworth">Farnsworth</a> (1937–45)</li> <li>Hatch (1945–48)</li> <li>R. Hardy (1948)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_S._King" title="David S. King">King</a> (1948–58)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marvin_J._Ashton" title="Marvin J. Ashton">Ashton</a> (1958–61)</li> <li>Scott (1961)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_W._Buehner" title="Carl W. Buehner">Buehner</a> (1961–67)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_R._Hill_III" title="George R. Hill III">Hill</a> (1967–69)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_I._Cannon" title="George I. Cannon">G. Cannon</a> (1969–72)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_L._Backman" title="Robert L. Backman">Blackman</a> (1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_H._Goaslind" title="Jack H. Goaslind">Goaslind</a> (1972–74)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quinn_G._McKay" title="Quinn G. McKay">McKay</a> (1977–79)</li> <li>Pinegar (1979–85)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_L._Simpson_(Mormon)" title="Robert L. Simpson (Mormon)">Simpson</a> (1985–86)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hartman_Rector_Jr." title="Hartman Rector Jr.">Rector</a> (1986–88)</li> <li>Harbertson (1988–89)</li> <li>M. Brough (1989–90)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_K._Dellenbach" title="Robert K. Dellenbach">Dellenbach</a> (1990–91)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_D._Nadauld" title="Stephen D. Nadauld">Nadauld</a> (1991–92)</li> <li>Kendrick (1992–93)</li> <li>Featherstone (1993–96)</li> <li>Stanley (1996–97)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_K._Dellenbach" title="Robert K. Dellenbach">Dellenbach</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/F._Melvin_Hammond" title="F. Melvin Hammond">Hammond</a> (1997–98)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_M._Madsen" title="John M. Madsen">Madsen</a> (1998–2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spencer_J._Condie" title="Spencer J. Condie">Condie</a> (2001–03)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_L._Hallstrom" title="Donald L. Hallstrom">Hallstrom</a> (2003–04)</li> <li>Neider (2004–09)</li> <li>Ochoa (2009–13)</li> <li>Ridd (2013–15)</li> <li>J. Brough (2015–20)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bradley_R._Wilcox" title="Bradley R. Wilcox">Wilcox</a> (2020–23)</li> <li>Nelson (2023–)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Additional Assistants</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/B._H._Roberts" title="B. H. Roberts">Roberts</a> (1898–1901)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1392629#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1392629#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1392629#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000032434525">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/6253103">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/72224/">FAST</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1482977/">2</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJjmPWbCMtwyWrM8Bx94bd">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/1161487832">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n81050276">United States</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w68g92pb">SNAC</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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