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href="#Attitude_toward_slavery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Attitude toward slavery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Attitude_toward_slavery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Later_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Later_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Later life</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Later_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legacy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legacy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Legacy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legacy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Family" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" 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href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header 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</div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Charles Carroll of Carrollton</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 26 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-26" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">26 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84%D8%B2_%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%84_%D9%85%D9%86_%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86" title="تشارلز كارول من كارولتون – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="تشارلز كارول من كارولتون" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84%D8%B3_%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%84_%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86" title="کارلس کارول کارلتون – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="کارلس کارول کارلتون" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Carroll_de_Carrollton" title="Charles Carroll de Carrollton – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Charles Carroll de Carrollton" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Carroll" title="Charles Carroll – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Charles Carroll" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Carroll" title="Charles Carroll – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Charles Carroll" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Carroll_de_Carrollton" title="Charles Carroll de Carrollton – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Charles Carroll de Carrollton" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84%D8%B3_%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%84_%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86" title="کارلس کارول کارلتون – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کارلس کارول کارلتون" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Carroll_de_Carrollton" title="Charles Carroll de Carrollton – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Charles Carroll de Carrollton" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Carroll_dari_Carrollton" title="Charles Carroll dari Carrollton – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Charles Carroll dari Carrollton" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Carroll" title="Charles Carroll – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Charles Carroll" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A6%27%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%9C%D7%A1_%D7%A7%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%9C" title="צ'ארלס קארול – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="צ'ארלס קארול" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Carroll_saka_Carrollton" title="Charles Carroll saka Carrollton – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Charles Carroll saka Carrollton" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carolus_Carroll_de_Carrollton" title="Carolus Carroll de Carrollton – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Carolus Carroll de Carrollton" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Carroll_of_Carrollton" title="Charles Carroll of Carrollton – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Charles Carroll of Carrollton" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84%D8%B2_%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%84_%D9%85%D9%86_%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86" title="تشارلز كارول من كارولتون – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="تشارلز كارول من كارولتون" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Carroll" title="Charles Carroll – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Charles Carroll" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%81%E3%83%A3%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AB%E3%82%BA%E3%83%BB%E3%82%AD%E3%83%A3%E3%83%AD%E3%83%AB%E3%83%BB%E3%82%AA%E3%83%B4%E3%83%BB%E3%82%AB%E3%83%AD%E3%83%AB%E3%83%88%E3%83%B3" title="チャールズ・キャロル・オヴ・カロルトン – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="チャールズ・キャロル・オヴ・カロルトン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Carroll_of_Carrollton" title="Charles Carroll of Carrollton – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Charles Carroll of Carrollton" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Carroll_(z_Carrollton)" title="Charles Carroll (z Carrollton) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Charles Carroll (z Carrollton)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BB,_%D0%A7%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B7" title="Кэрролл, Чарльз – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Кэрролл, Чарльз" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Carroll_of_Carrollton" title="Charles Carroll of Carrollton – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Charles Carroll of Carrollton" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Carroll_of_Carrollton" title="Charles Carroll of Carrollton – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Charles Carroll of Carrollton" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Carroll" title="Charles Carroll – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Charles Carroll" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Carroll" title="Charles Carroll – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Charles Carroll" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Carroll_il%E1%BA%B9%CC%80_Carrollton" title="Charles Carroll ilẹ̀ Carrollton – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Charles Carroll ilẹ̀ Carrollton" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9F%A5%E5%B0%94%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E5%8D%A1%E7%BD%97%E5%B0%94" title="查尔斯·卡罗尔 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="查尔斯·卡罗尔" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q466009#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit 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<div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">American Founding Father, politician, and planter (1737–1832)</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">Charles Carroll</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Charles_Carroll_of_Carrollton_-_Michael_Laty.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Oval portrait of a man from the bust-up, facing the viewer. He has gray hair and is wearing a blue jacket with a brown lapel, and white cravat around his neck" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Charles_Carroll_of_Carrollton_-_Michael_Laty.jpg/220px-Charles_Carroll_of_Carrollton_-_Michael_Laty.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="267" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Charles_Carroll_of_Carrollton_-_Michael_Laty.jpg/330px-Charles_Carroll_of_Carrollton_-_Michael_Laty.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Charles_Carroll_of_Carrollton_-_Michael_Laty.jpg/440px-Charles_Carroll_of_Carrollton_-_Michael_Laty.jpg 2x" data-file-width="494" data-file-height="600" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-top:0.2em;">Charles Carroll painted by Michael Laty</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">United States Senator</a><br />from <a href="/wiki/Maryland" title="Maryland">Maryland</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />March 4, 1789 – November 30, 1792</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><i>Office created</i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Potts" title="Richard Potts">Richard Potts</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Delegate to the <br /><a href="/wiki/Second_Continental_Congress" title="Second Continental Congress">Second Continental Congress</a><br />from Maryland</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />1776–1778</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Member of the <a href="/wiki/Maryland_Senate" title="Maryland Senate">Maryland Senate</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />1781–1800</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1737-09-19</span>)</span>September 19, 1737<br /><a href="/wiki/Annapolis,_Maryland" title="Annapolis, Maryland">Annapolis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Maryland" title="Province of Maryland">Maryland</a>, <a href="/wiki/British_America" title="British America">British America</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">November 14, 1832<span style="display:none">(1832-11-14)</span> (aged 95)<br /><a href="/wiki/Baltimore" title="Baltimore">Baltimore</a>, Maryland, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Nationality</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Great_Britain" title="Kingdom of Great Britain">Kingdom of Great Britain</a> (1737–1776)<br />United States (1776–1832)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Federalist_Party" title="Federalist Party">Federalist</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data">Mary Darnall</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Relations</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Carroll_of_Annapolis" title="Charles Carroll of Annapolis">Charles Carroll of Annapolis</a> (father)<br /><a href="/wiki/Charles_Carroll_the_Settler" title="Charles Carroll the Settler">Charles Carroll the Settler</a> (grandfather)<br /><a href="/wiki/Charles_Carroll_(barrister)" title="Charles Carroll (barrister)">Charles Carroll</a> (cousin)<br /><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Carroll" title="Daniel Carroll">Daniel Carroll</a> (cousin)<br /><a href="/wiki/John_Carroll_(archbishop)" title="John Carroll (archbishop)">John Carroll</a> (cousin)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Alma_mater" title="Alma mater">Alma mater</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/College_of_St._Omer" class="mw-redirect" title="College of St. Omer">College of St. Omer</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Lyc%C3%A9e_Louis-le-Grand" title="Lycée Louis-le-Grand">Lycée Louis-le-Grand</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Signature</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Charles_Carroll_Signature.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Charles Carroll of Carrollton's signature"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Charles_Carroll_Signature.svg/128px-Charles_Carroll_Signature.svg.png" decoding="async" width="128" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Charles_Carroll_Signature.svg/192px-Charles_Carroll_Signature.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Charles_Carroll_Signature.svg/256px-Charles_Carroll_Signature.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="425" data-file-height="88" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Charles Carroll</b> (September 19, 1737 – November 14, 1832), known as <b>Charles Carroll of Carrollton</b> or <b>Charles Carroll III</b>,<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was an American politician, planter, and <a href="/wiki/Signing_of_the_United_States_Declaration_of_Independence" title="Signing of the United States Declaration of Independence">signatory</a> of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Declaration_of_Independence" title="United States Declaration of Independence">Declaration of Independence</a>. He was the only <a href="/wiki/Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic">Catholic</a> signatory of the Declaration and the longest surviving, dying 56 years after its signing.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Considered one of the <a href="/wiki/Founding_Fathers_of_the_United_States" title="Founding Fathers of the United States">Founding Fathers of the United States</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Bernstein2001_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bernstein2001-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Carroll was known contemporaneously as the "First Citizen" of the American Colonies, a consequence of signing articles in the <i>Maryland Gazette</i> with that pen name.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He served as a delegate to the <a href="/wiki/Continental_Congress" title="Continental Congress">Continental Congress</a> and <a href="/wiki/Congress_of_the_Confederation" title="Congress of the Confederation">Confederation Congress</a>. Carroll later served as the first <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">United States Senator</a> for <a href="/wiki/Maryland" title="Maryland">Maryland</a>. Of all of the signers of the Declaration of Independence, Carroll was one of the wealthiest and most formally educated. A product of his 17-year <a href="/wiki/Society_of_Jesus" class="mw-redirect" title="Society of Jesus">Jesuit</a> education in France, Carroll spoke five languages fluently. </p><p>Born in <a href="/wiki/Annapolis,_Maryland" title="Annapolis, Maryland">Annapolis, Maryland</a>, Carroll inherited vast agricultural estates and was regarded as the wealthiest man in the American colonies when the <a href="/wiki/American_Revolution" title="American Revolution">American Revolution</a> commenced in 1775. His personal fortune at this time was reputed to be 2,100,000 pounds sterling, the equivalent to £338,402,985 in 2023 (US$375 million). In addition, Carroll presided over his manor in Maryland, a 10,000-acre estate, and claimed as his property approximately 300 slaves. Though barred from holding office in Maryland because of his religion, Carroll emerged as a leader of the state's movement for independence. He was a delegate to the <a href="/wiki/Annapolis_Convention_(1774%E2%80%931776)" title="Annapolis Convention (1774–1776)">Annapolis Convention</a> and was selected as a delegate to the Continental Congress in 1776. He was part of an unsuccessful diplomatic mission, which also included <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Franklin" title="Benjamin Franklin">Benjamin Franklin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Chase" title="Samuel Chase">Samuel Chase</a>, that Congress sent to <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Quebec_(1763%E2%80%931791)" title="Province of Quebec (1763–1791)">Quebec</a> in hopes of winning the support of <a href="/wiki/French_Canadians" title="French Canadians">French Canadians</a>. </p><p>Carroll served in the <a href="/wiki/Maryland_Senate" title="Maryland Senate">Maryland Senate</a> from 1781 to 1800. He was elected as one of Maryland's inaugural representatives in the United States Senate but resigned his seat in 1792 after Maryland passed a law barring individuals from simultaneously serving in both state and federal office. After retiring from public service, he helped establish the <a href="/wiki/Baltimore_and_Ohio_Railroad" title="Baltimore and Ohio Railroad">Baltimore and Ohio Railroad</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ancestry">Ancestry</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Carroll_of_Carrollton&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Ancestry"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Carroll_arms_cropped.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d7/Carroll_arms_cropped.jpg" decoding="async" width="192" height="262" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="192" data-file-height="262" /></a><figcaption>The Carroll family's <a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms" title="Coat of arms">coat of arms</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/O%27Carroll" title="O'Carroll">Carroll family</a> were descendants of the Ó Cearbhaill's, who were the rulers of the Irish <a href="/wiki/Petty_kingdom" title="Petty kingdom">petty kingdom</a> of <a href="/wiki/%C3%89ile" title="Éile">Éile</a> in <a href="/wiki/County_Offaly" title="County Offaly">King's County</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ireland" title="Ireland">Ireland</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Carroll's grandfather was <a href="/wiki/Charles_Carroll_the_Settler" title="Charles Carroll the Settler">Charles Carroll the Settler</a>, an Irishman from <a href="/wiki/Aghagurty" title="Aghagurty">Aghagurty</a> who moved to <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a> in 1685 and worked as a clerk for English nobleman <a href="/wiki/William_Herbert,_1st_Marquess_of_Powis" title="William Herbert, 1st Marquess of Powis">Lord Powis</a> before emigrating to <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Maryland" title="Province of Maryland">Maryland</a> in October 1688.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After arriving in Maryland, he settled in the colonial capital of <a href="/wiki/St._Mary%27s_City,_Maryland" title="St. Mary's City, Maryland">St. Mary's City</a> with a commission as an <a href="/wiki/Attorney_general" title="Attorney general">attorney general</a> from the colony's <a href="/wiki/Proprietary_colony" title="Proprietary colony">proprietor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Charles_Calvert,_3rd_Baron_Baltimore" title="Charles Calvert, 3rd Baron Baltimore">Lord Baltimore</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Carroll's maternal ancestry was English, as his mother hailed from the Brooke family.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Carroll's father was <a href="/wiki/Charles_Carroll_of_Annapolis" title="Charles Carroll of Annapolis">Charles Carroll of Annapolis</a>, who was born in <a href="/wiki/Annapolis,_Maryland" title="Annapolis, Maryland">Annapolis, Maryland</a>, in 1702. Though he inherited the <a href="/wiki/Plantation_complexes_in_the_Southern_United_States" title="Plantation complexes in the Southern United States">plantation</a> of <a href="/wiki/Doughoregan_Manor" title="Doughoregan Manor">Doughoregan Manor</a> from his father, as a Roman Catholic he was forbidden from participating in the political affairs of the colony.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Carroll_of_Carrollton&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Doughoregan.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Doughoregan.jpg/220px-Doughoregan.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="177" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Doughoregan.jpg/330px-Doughoregan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Doughoregan.jpg/440px-Doughoregan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="508" data-file-height="408" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Doughoregan_Manor" title="Doughoregan Manor">Doughoregan Manor</a>, the Carroll family seat, now a <a href="/wiki/National_Historic_Landmark" title="National Historic Landmark">National Historic Landmark</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sir_Joshua_Reynolds_-_Charles_Carroll_of_Carrollton_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Sir_Joshua_Reynolds_-_Charles_Carroll_of_Carrollton_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/220px-Sir_Joshua_Reynolds_-_Charles_Carroll_of_Carrollton_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="267" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Sir_Joshua_Reynolds_-_Charles_Carroll_of_Carrollton_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/330px-Sir_Joshua_Reynolds_-_Charles_Carroll_of_Carrollton_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Sir_Joshua_Reynolds_-_Charles_Carroll_of_Carrollton_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/440px-Sir_Joshua_Reynolds_-_Charles_Carroll_of_Carrollton_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4347" data-file-height="5283" /></a><figcaption><i>Charles Carroll of Carrollton</i><br />Portrait by <a href="/wiki/Sir_Joshua_Reynolds" class="mw-redirect" title="Sir Joshua Reynolds">Sir Joshua Reynolds</a>, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1763</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Yale_Center_for_British_Art" title="Yale Center for British Art">Yale Center for British Art</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Carroll was born on September 19, 1737, in Annapolis, Maryland, the only child of Charles Carroll of Annapolis and his wife Elizabeth Brooke. He was born an illegitimate child, as his parents were not married at the time of his birth, for technical reasons to do with the inheritance of the Carroll family estates. They eventually married in 1757.<sup id="cite_ref-McClanahan,_p.199_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McClanahan,_p.199-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The young Carroll was educated at a <a href="/wiki/Society_of_Jesus" class="mw-redirect" title="Society of Jesus">Jesuit</a> preparatory school known as Bohemia Manor in <a href="/wiki/Cecil_County,_Maryland" title="Cecil County, Maryland">Cecil County</a> on Maryland's <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Shore_of_Maryland" title="Eastern Shore of Maryland">Eastern Shore</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-McClanahan,_p.199_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McClanahan,_p.199-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At age 11, he was sent to France, where he continued in Jesuit schools, first at the <a href="/wiki/Colleges_of_St_Omer,_Bruges_and_Li%C3%A8ge" title="Colleges of St Omer, Bruges and Liège">College of St. Omer</a> in Northern France and later the <a href="/wiki/Lyc%C3%A9e_Louis-le-Grand" title="Lycée Louis-le-Grand">Lycée Louis-le-Grand</a> in Paris, graduating in 1755. He continued his studies in Europe and <a href="/wiki/Reading_law" title="Reading law">read law</a> in London before returning to Annapolis in 1765.<sup id="cite_ref-McClanahan,_p.199_14-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McClanahan,_p.199-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Maier_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Maier-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Charles Carroll of Annapolis granted <a href="/wiki/Carrollton_Manor" title="Carrollton Manor">Carrollton Manor</a> to his son, Charles Carroll of Carrollton. It is from this tract of land that he took his title "Charles Carroll of Carrollton." Like his father, Carroll was a Catholic and as a consequence was barred by Maryland statute from entering politics, practicing law and voting.<sup id="cite_ref-McClanahan,_p.199_14-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McClanahan,_p.199-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This did not prevent him from becoming one of the wealthiest men in Maryland (or indeed anywhere in the Colonies),<sup id="cite_ref-McClanahan,_p.199_14-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McClanahan,_p.199-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> owning extensive agricultural estates, most notably the large manor at <a href="/wiki/Doughoregan_Manor" title="Doughoregan Manor">Doughoregan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hockley_Forge_and_Mill" title="Hockley Forge and Mill">Hockley Forge and Mill</a>, and providing capital to finance new enterprises on the Western Shore.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="American_Revolution">American Revolution</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Carroll_of_Carrollton&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: American Revolution"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Voice_for_independence">Voice for independence</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Carroll_of_Carrollton&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Voice for independence"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Carroll was not initially interested in politics,<sup id="cite_ref-McClanahan,_p.199_14-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McClanahan,_p.199-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and in any event Catholics had been barred from holding office in Maryland since the 1704 act seeking "to prevent the growth of Popery in this Province".<sup id="cite_ref-roarke_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-roarke-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> But as the dispute between <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Great_Britain" title="Kingdom of Great Britain">Great Britain</a> and her <a href="/wiki/Thirteen_Colonies" title="Thirteen Colonies">American colonies</a> intensified in the early 1770s, Carroll became a powerful voice for independence. In 1772, he engaged in a debate, conducted through anonymous newspaper letters, maintaining the right of the colonies to control their own taxation. Writing in the <i><a href="/wiki/Maryland_Gazette" title="Maryland Gazette">Maryland Gazette</a></i> under the pseudonym "First Citizen," he became a prominent spokesman against the governor's proclamation increasing legal fees to state officers and Protestant clergy. Opposing Carroll in these written debates and writing as "Antillon" was <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Dulany_the_Younger" title="Daniel Dulany the Younger">Daniel Dulany the Younger</a>, a noted lawyer and <a href="/wiki/Loyalist_(American_Revolution)" title="Loyalist (American Revolution)">loyalist</a> politician.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Warfield,_p.215_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Warfield,_p.215-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In these debates, Carroll argued that the government of Maryland had long been the monopoly of four families, the Ogles, the Taskers, the Bladens and the Dulanys, with Dulany taking the contrary view.<sup id="cite_ref-Warfield,_p.215_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Warfield,_p.215-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Eventually word spread of the true identity of the two combatants, and Carroll's fame and notoriety began to grow.<sup id="cite_ref-McClanahan,_p.203_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McClanahan,_p.203-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dulany soon resorted to highly personal ad hominem attacks on "First Citizen", and Carroll responded, in statesmanlike fashion, with considerable restraint, arguing that when "Antillon" engaged in "virulent invective and illiberal abuse, we may fairly presume, that arguments are either wanting, or that ignorance or incapacity know not how to apply them".<sup id="cite_ref-McClanahan,_p.203_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McClanahan,_p.203-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Following these written debates, Carroll became a leading opponent of British rule and served on various committees of correspondence.<sup id="cite_ref-aoc_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aoc-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the early 1770s, Carroll appears to have embraced the idea that only violence could break the impasse with Great Britain. According to legend, Carroll and <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Chase" title="Samuel Chase">Samuel Chase</a> (who would also later sign the Declaration of Independence on Maryland's behalf) had the following exchange: </p> <dl><dd>Chase: "We have the better of our opponents; we have completely written them down."</dd> <dd>Carroll: "And do you think that writing will settle the question between us?"</dd> <dd>Chase: "To be sure, what else can we resort to?"</dd> <dd>Carroll: "The bayonet. Our arguments will only raise the feelings of the people to that pitch when open war will be looked to as the arbiter of the dispute."<sup id="cite_ref-McClanahan,_p.204_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McClanahan,_p.204-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Continental_Congress">Continental Congress</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Carroll_of_Carrollton&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Continental Congress"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><p> Beginning with his election to Maryland's <a href="/wiki/Committees_of_correspondence" title="Committees of correspondence">committee of correspondence</a> in 1774, Carroll represented the colony in most of the pre-revolutionary groups. He became a member of Annapolis' first <a href="/wiki/Committee_of_safety_(American_Revolution)" title="Committee of safety (American Revolution)">committee of safety</a> in 1775. Carroll was a delegate to the <a href="/wiki/Annapolis_Convention_(1774%E2%80%931776)" title="Annapolis Convention (1774–1776)">Annapolis Convention</a>, which functioned as Maryland's revolutionary government before the Declaration of Independence. In early 1776, the Congress sent him on a four-man diplomatic mission to the <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Quebec_(1763%E2%80%931791)" title="Province of Quebec (1763–1791)">Province of Quebec</a>, in order to seek assistance from <a href="/wiki/French_Canadians" title="French Canadians">French Canadians</a> in the coming confrontation with Great Britain. Carroll was an excellent choice for such a mission, being fluent in French and a Catholic and therefore well suited to negotiations with the French-speaking Catholics of Quebec.<sup id="cite_ref-McClanahan,_p.204_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McClanahan,_p.204-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was joined in the commission by <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Franklin" title="Benjamin Franklin">Benjamin Franklin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Chase" title="Samuel Chase">Samuel Chase</a>, and his cousin <a href="/wiki/John_Carroll_(archbishop_of_Baltimore)" class="mw-redirect" title="John Carroll (archbishop of Baltimore)">John Carroll</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-aoc2_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aoc2-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The commission did not accomplish its mission.</p><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Charles_Carroll_of_Homewood.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Charles_Carroll_of_Homewood.jpg/220px-Charles_Carroll_of_Homewood.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="268" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Charles_Carroll_of_Homewood.jpg/330px-Charles_Carroll_of_Homewood.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Charles_Carroll_of_Homewood.jpg/440px-Charles_Carroll_of_Homewood.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1259" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>Charles Carroll of Homewood</figcaption></figure> <p>Carroll was elected to the Continental Congress on July 4, 1776, and remained a delegate until 1778. He arrived too late to vote in favor of the <a href="/wiki/Declaration_of_Independence_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="Declaration of Independence (United States)">Declaration of Independence</a> but was present to sign the official document that survives today. After both <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson" title="Thomas Jefferson">Thomas Jefferson</a> and <a href="/wiki/John_Adams" title="John Adams">John Adams</a> died on July 4, 1826, Carroll became the last living signatory of the Declaration of Independence. His signature reads "Charles Carroll of Carrollton" to distinguish him from his father, "<a href="/wiki/Charles_Carroll_of_Annapolis" title="Charles Carroll of Annapolis">Charles Carroll of Annapolis</a>," who was still living at that time, and several other <a href="/wiki/Charles_Carroll_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Charles Carroll (disambiguation)">Charles Carrolls</a> in Maryland, such as Charles Carroll, Barrister, and his son Charles Carroll Jr., also known as "Charles Carroll of Homewood." He is usually referred to this way by historians. At the time, he was the richest man in America and had much to lose by identifying himself on the document. Throughout his term in the <a href="/wiki/Second_Continental_Congress" title="Second Continental Congress">Second Continental Congress</a>, he served on the board of war. Carroll also gave considerable financial support to the <a href="/wiki/American_Revolutionary_War" title="American Revolutionary War">American Revolutionary War</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Post-revolution_political_career">Post-revolution political career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Carroll_of_Carrollton&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Post-revolution political career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Carroll returned to Maryland in 1778 to assist in the formation of a state government. Carroll was re-elected to the Continental Congress in 1780, but he declined. He was elected to the <a href="/wiki/Maryland_Senate" title="Maryland Senate">Maryland Senate</a> in 1781 and served there until 1800. In November 1779, The <a href="/wiki/Maryland_House_of_Delegates" title="Maryland House of Delegates">Maryland House of Delegates</a> moved to pass a bill confiscating the property of those who had sided with the Crown during the Revolution. Carroll opposed this measure, questioning the motives of those who pressed for confiscation and arguing that the measure was unjust. However, such moves to confiscate <a href="/wiki/Loyalist_(American_Revolution)" title="Loyalist (American Revolution)">Tory</a> property had much popular support and eventually, in 1780, the measure passed.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>When the United States government was created, the Maryland legislature elected him to the first <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">United States Senate</a>. In 1792, Maryland passed a law that prohibited any man from serving in the state and national legislatures at the same time. Since he preferred to be in the Maryland Senate, he resigned from the U.S. Senate on November 30, 1792. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Attitude_toward_slavery">Attitude toward slavery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Carroll_of_Carrollton&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Attitude toward slavery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Carroll family were slaveholders and Carroll was reputedly the largest single slave owner at the time of the American Revolution.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Carroll was opposed in principle to <a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_the_United_States" title="Slavery in the United States">slavery</a>, asking rhetorically: "Why keep alive the question of slavery? It is admitted by all to be a great evil.; let an effectual mode of getting rid of it be pointed out, or let the question sleep forever;"<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>However, although he supported its gradual abolition, he did not free his own slaves.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Carroll introduced a bill for the gradual abolition of slavery in the Maryland Senate, but it did not pass.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1828, aged 91, he served as president of the <a href="/wiki/Maryland_State_Colonization_Society" title="Maryland State Colonization Society">Auxiliary State Colonization Society of Maryland</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the Maryland branch of the <a href="/wiki/American_Colonization_Society" title="American Colonization Society">American Colonization Society</a>, an organization dedicated to returning <a href="/wiki/African_Americans" title="African Americans">Black Americans</a> to lead free lives in African states such as <a href="/wiki/Liberia" title="Liberia">Liberia</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Later_life">Later life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Carroll_of_Carrollton&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Later life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:B%26O_Railroad_cornerstone.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/B%26O_Railroad_cornerstone.jpg/170px-B%26O_Railroad_cornerstone.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="252" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/B%26O_Railroad_cornerstone.jpg/255px-B%26O_Railroad_cornerstone.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/B%26O_Railroad_cornerstone.jpg/340px-B%26O_Railroad_cornerstone.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1215" data-file-height="1800" /></a><figcaption>"First Stone" (cornerstone) of the <a href="/wiki/Baltimore_and_Ohio_Railroad" title="Baltimore and Ohio Railroad">Baltimore and Ohio Railroad</a> laid by Carroll on July 4, 1828, now displayed at the <a href="/wiki/B%26O_Railroad_Museum" title="B&O Railroad Museum">B&O Railroad Museum</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Carroll retired from public life in 1801. After Thomas Jefferson became president, he had great anxiety about political activity and was not sympathetic to the <a href="/wiki/War_of_1812" title="War of 1812">War of 1812</a>. He was elected a member of the <a href="/wiki/American_Antiquarian_Society" title="American Antiquarian Society">American Antiquarian Society</a> in 1815.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Carroll came out of retirement to help create the <a href="/wiki/Baltimore_and_Ohio_Railroad" title="Baltimore and Ohio Railroad">Baltimore and Ohio Railroad</a> in 1827. </p><p>In 1828, he commissioned the <a href="/wiki/Phoenix_Shot_Tower" title="Phoenix Shot Tower">Phoenix Shot Tower</a> in Baltimore and laid its cornerstone. The 234-foot tower, which is still standing, was the tallest structure in the United States until the <a href="/wiki/Washington_Monument" title="Washington Monument">Washington Monument</a> was built.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Carroll's last public act, on July 4, 1828, was the laying of the "first stone" (cornerstone) of the railroad at almost 91 years of age.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "The Carrollton March", written in his honor to celebrate the occasion, is recognized as the first <a href="/wiki/List_of_train_songs" title="List of train songs">train song</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Carroll was admitted as an honorary member of The <a href="/wiki/Society_of_the_Cincinnati" title="Society of the Cincinnati">Society of the Cincinnati</a> in the state of Maryland in 1828.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Unlike hereditary members, honorary members are not eligible to be represented by a living descendant.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In May 1832, he was asked to appear at the first <a href="/wiki/Democratic_National_Convention" title="Democratic National Convention">Democratic Party Convention</a> but did not attend on account of poor health.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Carroll died on November 14, 1832, at age 95, in <a href="/wiki/Baltimore" title="Baltimore">Baltimore</a>. </p><p>He holds the distinction of being the oldest-lived Founding Father. He had outlived four of the first five U.S. presidents. His funeral took place at the Baltimore Cathedral (now known as the <a href="/wiki/Basilica_of_the_National_Shrine_of_the_Assumption_of_the_Blessed_Virgin_Mary" title="Basilica of the National Shrine of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary">Basilica of the National Shrine of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary</a>), and he is buried in his Doughoregan Manor Chapel at <a href="/wiki/Ellicott_City,_Maryland" title="Ellicott City, Maryland">Ellicott City, Maryland</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Carroll_of_Carrollton&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Carroll is remembered in the third stanza of the former state song <i><a href="/wiki/Maryland,_My_Maryland" title="Maryland, My Maryland">Maryland, My Maryland</a></i>. </p> <dl><dd>Thou wilt not cower in the dust,</dd> <dd>Maryland! My Maryland!</dd> <dd>Thy beaming sword shall never rust,</dd> <dd>Maryland! My Maryland!</dd> <dd>Remember Carroll's sacred trust,</dd> <dd>Remember Howard's warlike thrust –</dd> <dd>And all thy slumberers with the just,</dd> <dd>Maryland! My Maryland!</dd></dl> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Carrollnshc.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ab/Carrollnshc.jpg" decoding="async" width="186" height="400" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="186" data-file-height="400" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Charles_Carroll_(Brooks)" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles Carroll (Brooks)">The bronze statue</a> by <a href="/wiki/Richard_E._Brooks" title="Richard E. Brooks">Richard E. Brooks</a> located in the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Capitol_crypt" title="United States Capitol crypt">United States Capitol crypt</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Named in his honor are counties in <a href="/wiki/Carroll_County,_Arkansas" title="Carroll County, Arkansas">Arkansas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carroll_County,_Georgia" title="Carroll County, Georgia">Georgia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carroll_County,_Illinois" title="Carroll County, Illinois">Illinois</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carroll_County,_Indiana" title="Carroll County, Indiana">Indiana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carroll_County,_Iowa" title="Carroll County, Iowa">Iowa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carroll_County,_Kentucky" title="Carroll County, Kentucky">Kentucky</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carroll_County,_Maryland" title="Carroll County, Maryland">Maryland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carroll_County,_Mississippi" title="Carroll County, Mississippi">Mississippi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carroll_County,_Missouri" title="Carroll County, Missouri">Missouri</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carroll_County,_New_Hampshire" title="Carroll County, New Hampshire">New Hampshire</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carroll_County,_Ohio" title="Carroll County, Ohio">Ohio</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Carroll_County,_Virginia" title="Carroll County, Virginia">Virginia</a> as well as two Louisiana parishes, <a href="/wiki/East_Carroll_Parish,_Louisiana" title="East Carroll Parish, Louisiana">East</a> and <a href="/wiki/West_Carroll_Parish,_Louisiana" title="West Carroll Parish, Louisiana">West Carroll</a>. Cities and towns named for him are in <a href="/wiki/Carrollton,_Georgia" title="Carrollton, Georgia">Georgia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carrollton,_Kentucky" title="Carrollton, Kentucky">Kentucky</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carroll,_Iowa" title="Carroll, Iowa">Iowa</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Carrollton,_Maryland" title="New Carrollton, Maryland">Maryland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carrollton,_Missouri" title="Carrollton, Missouri">Missouri</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Carroll,_New_York" title="Carroll, New York">New York</a>, as well as neighborhoods in <a href="/wiki/Carroll_Gardens,_Brooklyn" title="Carroll Gardens, Brooklyn">Brooklyn</a> and <a href="/wiki/Carrollwood_(CDP),_Florida" title="Carrollwood (CDP), Florida">Tampa</a>. <a href="/wiki/Prince_George%27s_County_Public_Schools" title="Prince George's County Public Schools">Charles Carroll Middle School</a> in New Carrollton, Maryland; Charles Carroll High School<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in the <a href="/wiki/Port_Richmond,_Philadelphia" title="Port Richmond, Philadelphia">Port Richmond</a> neighborhood of <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a>; and <a href="/wiki/Carroll_University" title="Carroll University">Carroll University</a> in <a href="/wiki/Waukesha,_Wisconsin" title="Waukesha, Wisconsin">Waukesha, Wisconsin</a>, are named in his honor. </p><p>In 1876, the Centennial Exhibition held to commemorate the birth of the United States was held in Philadelphia. The Catholic Abstinence Union of America commissioned the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Total_Abstinence_Union_Fountain" title="Catholic Total Abstinence Union Fountain">Catholic Total Abstinence Union Fountain</a> for the Centennial Exhibition. The fountain was commissioned and created by sculptor Herman Kim to promote American morality, and the centerpiece of the fountain is a statue of <a href="/wiki/Moses" title="Moses">Moses</a>. There are four other statues that surround it, making up the points of the <a href="/wiki/Maltese_cross" title="Maltese cross">Maltese cross</a>: Carroll, <a href="/wiki/Father_Mathew" title="Father Mathew">Father Mathew</a>, Commodore <a href="/wiki/John_Barry_(naval_officer)" title="John Barry (naval officer)">John Barry</a>, and Archbishop <a href="/wiki/John_Carroll_(archbishop_of_Baltimore)" class="mw-redirect" title="John Carroll (archbishop of Baltimore)">John Carroll</a>. The fountain is located in West Fairmount Park.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1903, the state of Maryland added a <a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Charles_Carroll" title="Statue of Charles Carroll">bronze statue of Carroll</a> to the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Capitol" title="United States Capitol">United States Capitol</a>'s <a href="/wiki/National_Statuary_Hall_Collection" title="National Statuary Hall Collection">National Statuary Hall Collection</a>. Sculpted by <a href="/wiki/Richard_E._Brooks" title="Richard E. Brooks">Richard E. Brooks</a>, it is located in the Crypt.<sup id="cite_ref-aoc_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aoc-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1906, the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Notre_Dame" title="University of Notre Dame">University of Notre Dame</a> constructed a residence hall known as <a href="/wiki/Carroll_Hall" title="Carroll Hall">Carroll Hall</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Paca-Carroll House at <a href="/wiki/St._John%27s_College_(Annapolis/Santa_Fe)" title="St. John's College (Annapolis/Santa Fe)">St. John's College</a> is named for Carroll and his fellow signer of the Declaration of Independence, <a href="/wiki/William_Paca" title="William Paca">William Paca</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> <a href="/wiki/Liberty_Ship" class="mw-redirect" title="Liberty Ship">Liberty Ship</a> <a href="/wiki/SS_Charles_Carroll" title="SS Charles Carroll">SS <i>Charles Carroll</i></a> was named in his honor.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Carroll is depicted in the 2004 film <i><a href="/wiki/National_Treasure_(film)" title="National Treasure (film)">National Treasure</a>.</i> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Family">Family</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Carroll_of_Carrollton&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Family"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mary_Darnall_Carroll_(1749-1782).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Mary_Darnall_Carroll_%281749-1782%29.jpg/220px-Mary_Darnall_Carroll_%281749-1782%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="267" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Mary_Darnall_Carroll_%281749-1782%29.jpg/330px-Mary_Darnall_Carroll_%281749-1782%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Mary_Darnall_Carroll_%281749-1782%29.jpg/440px-Mary_Darnall_Carroll_%281749-1782%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="593" data-file-height="720" /></a><figcaption>Mary Darnall Carroll (1749–1782), portrait by <a href="/wiki/Charles_Willson_Peale" title="Charles Willson Peale">Charles Willson Peale</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Carroll married Mary Darnall (1749–1782), known as Molly, on June 5, 1768. She was a granddaughter of <a href="/wiki/Henry_Darnall" title="Henry Darnall">Henry Darnall</a> (Carroll was a great-grandson of Darnall).<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They had seven children before Molly died in 1782, but only three survived infancy: </p> <ul><li>Mary Carroll (1770–1846), who married <a href="/wiki/Richard_Caton_(merchant)" title="Richard Caton (merchant)">Richard Caton</a> (1763–1845), an <a href="/wiki/English_Americans" title="English Americans">English immigrant</a> who became a <a href="/wiki/Baltimore" title="Baltimore">Baltimore</a> merchant. From 1820 to 1832, Carroll would winter with the Catons in Baltimore. Their daughters were: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marianne_Wellesley,_Marchioness_Wellesley" title="Marianne Wellesley, Marchioness Wellesley">Marianne Caton</a> (1788–1853), who married Robert Patterson (brother of <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Patterson_Bonaparte" title="Elizabeth Patterson Bonaparte">Elizabeth Patterson Bonaparte</a>). After his death, she married <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Irish_people" title="Anglo-Irish people">Anglo-Irish</a> statesman <a href="/wiki/Richard_Wellesley,_1st_Marquess_Wellesley" title="Richard Wellesley, 1st Marquess Wellesley">Richard Wellesley, 1st Marquess Wellesley</a> (1760–1842), then the <a href="/wiki/Lord_Lieutenant_of_Ireland" title="Lord Lieutenant of Ireland">Lord Lieutenant of Ireland</a>, who was the brother of the legendary military commander <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Wellesley,_1st_Duke_of_Wellington" title="Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington">Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington</a>, who was believed to have been previously Marianne's <a href="/wiki/Extramarital_sex" title="Extramarital sex">paramour</a>.</li> <li>Elizabeth Caton (1790–1862), who married <a href="/wiki/George_Stafford-Jerningham,_8th_Baron_Stafford" title="George Stafford-Jerningham, 8th Baron Stafford">George Stafford-Jerningham, 8th Baron Stafford</a>.</li> <li>Louisa Caton (1793–1874), who married Col. <a href="/wiki/Felton_Hervey-Bathurst" title="Felton Hervey-Bathurst">Sir Felton Bathurst-Hervey, 1st Baronet</a>. After his death, she married <a href="/wiki/Francis_D%27Arcy-Osborne,_7th_Duke_of_Leeds" title="Francis D'Arcy-Osborne, 7th Duke of Leeds">Francis D'Arcy-Osborne, Marquess of Carmarthen</a> (later the <a href="/wiki/Duke_of_Leeds" title="Duke of Leeds">7th Duke of Leeds</a>).</li> <li>Emily Caton (1794/5-1867), who married <a href="/wiki/John_MacTavish_(British_Consul)" title="John MacTavish (British Consul)">John McTavish</a> (1788–1852), who served as British Consul to Baltimore. They were parents of four children including Mary Wellesley McTavish (1826–1915), The Hon. Mrs <a href="/wiki/George_Howard,_6th_Earl_of_Carlisle#Family" title="George Howard, 6th Earl of Carlisle">Henry George Howard</a> (of the <a href="/wiki/Earls_of_Carlisle" class="mw-redirect" title="Earls of Carlisle">Earls of Carlisle</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li>Charles Carroll Jr. (1775–1825) (sometimes known as Charles Carroll of <a href="/wiki/Homewood_Museum" title="Homewood Museum">Homewood</a> because he oversaw its design and construction), married Harriet Chew (1775–1861) from Philadelphia. Harriet was the daughter of <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Chew" title="Benjamin Chew">Benjamin Chew</a>, the chief justice of <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania" title="Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a>, and her sister married <a href="/wiki/John_E._Howard" class="mw-redirect" title="John E. Howard">John Eager Howard</a>, who had served in the Senate with Charles Carroll of Carrollton. Charles Jr. reportedly consumed up to two quarts of brandy a day. This led to erratic behavior that resulted in his separation from Harriet.</li> <li>Catherine ("Kitty") Carroll (1778–1861), who married <a href="/wiki/Robert_Goodloe_Harper" title="Robert Goodloe Harper">Robert Goodloe Harper</a> (1765–1826), a lawyer and U.S. senator.</li></ul> <p>Today, Carroll's descendants continue to own Doughoregan Manor, the largest parcel of land in Howard County, Maryland, with over 1,000 acres (4 km<sup>2</sup>) of valuable but historically preserved land in Ellicott City, Maryland. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Anne_Marie_Becraft" title="Anne Marie Becraft">Anne Marie Becraft</a>'s grandmother, a free Black woman, worked as a housekeeper for Carroll. Carroll presented Anne Marie's father with several of the Carroll family's prized relics, paintings, and other keepsakes just before Carroll's death in 1832.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Carroll's_signature"><span id="Carroll.27s_signature"></span>Carroll's signature</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Carroll_of_Carrollton&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Carroll's signature"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Charles_Carroll_Signature_Cropped.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Charles_Carroll_Signature_Cropped.png/300px-Charles_Carroll_Signature_Cropped.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="57" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Charles_Carroll_Signature_Cropped.png/450px-Charles_Carroll_Signature_Cropped.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Charles_Carroll_Signature_Cropped.png/600px-Charles_Carroll_Signature_Cropped.png 2x" data-file-width="601" data-file-height="114" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <p>In the 1940s, newspaper journalist John Hix's syndicated comic <i><a href="/wiki/Strange_as_It_Seems" title="Strange as It Seems">Strange as It Seems</a></i> published an apocryphal explanation for Charles Carroll's distinctive signature on the Declaration of Independence. Every member of the Continental Congress who signed this document automatically became a criminal, guilty of sedition against King <a href="/wiki/George_III" title="George III">George III</a>. Carroll, because of his wealth, had more to lose than most of his companions. Some of the signators, such as <a href="/wiki/Caesar_Rodney" title="Caesar Rodney">Caesar Rodney</a> and <a href="/wiki/Button_Gwinnett" title="Button Gwinnett">Button Gwinnett</a>, had unusual and distinctive names which would clearly identify them to the King; other signators, with more commonplace names, might hope to sign the Declaration without incriminating themselves. </p><p>According to Hix, when it was Carroll's turn to sign the Declaration of Independence, he rose, went to <a href="/wiki/John_Hancock" title="John Hancock">John Hancock</a>'s desk where the document rested, signed his name "Charles Carroll" and returned to his seat. At this point another member of the Continental Congress, who was prejudiced against Carroll because of his Catholicism, commented that Carroll risked nothing in signing the document, as there must be many men named Charles Carroll in the colonies, and so the King would be unlikely to order Carroll's arrest without clear proof that he was the same Charles Carroll who had signed the Declaration. Carroll immediately returned to Hancock's desk, seized the pen again, and added "of Carrollton" to his name.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In fact, Carroll had been appending "of Carrollton" to his signature for over a decade, the earliest surviving example appearing at the end of a September 15, 1765, letter to his English friend William Gibson. Carrollton Manor was the name of a tract of more than twelve thousand acres in Frederick County, Maryland, which the Carroll family leased to tenant farmers.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Carroll_of_Carrollton&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output 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class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/28px-P_vip.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/41px-P_vip.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/55px-P_vip.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1911" data-file-height="1944" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Biography" title="Portal:Biography">Biography portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1840s_Carrollton_Inn" title="1840s Carrollton Inn">1840s Carrollton Inn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annapolis_Convention_(1774%E2%80%931776)" title="Annapolis Convention (1774–1776)">Annapolis Convention (1774–1776)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Memorial_to_the_56_Signers_of_the_Declaration_of_Independence" title="Memorial to the 56 Signers of the Declaration of Independence">Memorial to the 56 Signers of the Declaration of Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carrollton_Manor" title="Carrollton Manor">Carrollton Manor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maryland_in_the_American_Revolution" title="Maryland in the American Revolution">Maryland in the American Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/O%27Carroll" title="O'Carroll">O'Carroll</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Carroll_of_Carrollton&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFEllis1969" class="citation book cs1">Ellis, John Tracy (1969). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=WLYc80eu1u0C&q=%22john+tracy+ellis%22+%22american+catholicism%22+carrolls+%22federalist+party%22&pg=PA73"><i>American Catholicism</i></a>. Chicago: University of Chicago. p. 72. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-226-20556-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-226-20556-4"><bdi>978-0-226-20556-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=American+Catholicism&rft.place=Chicago&rft.pages=72&rft.pub=University+of+Chicago&rft.date=1969&rft.isbn=978-0-226-20556-4&rft.aulast=Ellis&rft.aufirst=John+Tracy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DWLYc80eu1u0C%26q%3D%2522john%2Btracy%2Bellis%2522%2B%2522american%2Bcatholicism%2522%2Bcarrolls%2B%2522federalist%2Bparty%2522%26pg%3DPA73&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACharles+Carroll+of+Carrollton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nps.gov/history/history/online_books/declaration/bio5.htm">"Signers of the Declaration: Biographical Sketches: Charles Carroll"</a>. National Park Service<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 26,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Signers+of+the+Declaration%3A+Biographical+Sketches%3A+Charles+Carroll&rft.pub=National+Park+Service&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nps.gov%2Fhistory%2Fhistory%2Fonline_books%2Fdeclaration%2Fbio5.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACharles+Carroll+of+Carrollton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/americancatholic24philuoft#page/n189/mode/2up"><i>"Charles Carroll, of Carrollton,"</i></a> The American Catholic Quarterly Review, Vol. XXIV, 1899.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bernstein2001-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Bernstein2001_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBernstein2011" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Richard_B._Bernstein" title="Richard B. Bernstein">Bernstein, Richard B.</a> (2011) [2009]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/foundingfathersr0000bern/page/176/mode/2up">"Appendix: The Founding Fathers: A Partial List"</a>. <i>The Founding Fathers Reconsidered</i>. New York: Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0199832576" title="Special:BookSources/978-0199832576"><bdi>978-0199832576</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Appendix%3A+The+Founding+Fathers%3A+A+Partial+List&rft.btitle=The+Founding+Fathers+Reconsidered&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0199832576&rft.aulast=Bernstein&rft.aufirst=Richard+B.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ffoundingfathersr0000bern%2Fpage%2F176%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACharles+Carroll+of+Carrollton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://msa.maryland.gov/msa/mdmanual/05sen/html/senmed.html">"Charles Carroll Of Carrollton Commemorative Medal"</a>. State of Maryland<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 10,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Charles+Carroll+Of+Carrollton+Commemorative+Medal&rft.pub=State+of+Maryland&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmsa.maryland.gov%2Fmsa%2Fmdmanual%2F05sen%2Fhtml%2Fsenmed.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACharles+Carroll+of+Carrollton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rootsweb.com/~irlkik/ihm/thomond.htm#ely">"Ireland's History in Maps – Tuadmumu, Kingdom of Thomond"</a>. <i>rootsweb.com</i>. October 25, 2003.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=rootsweb.com&rft.atitle=Ireland%27s+History+in+Maps+%E2%80%93+Tuadmumu%2C+Kingdom+of+Thomond&rft.date=2003-10-25&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rootsweb.com%2F~irlkik%2Fihm%2Fthomond.htm%23ely&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACharles+Carroll+of+Carrollton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20051225014450/http://www.adherents.com/people/pc/Charles_Carroll.html">"Charles Carroll, Signer of Declaration of Independence"</a>. <i>adherents.com</i>. Archived from the original on December 25, 2005.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=adherents.com&rft.atitle=Charles+Carroll%2C+Signer+of+Declaration+of+Independence&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.adherents.com%2Fpeople%2Fpc%2FCharles_Carroll.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACharles+Carroll+of+Carrollton" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: unfit URL (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_unfit_URL" title="Category:CS1 maint: unfit URL">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210226020646/http://www.colonialhall.com/carroll/carroll.php">"Biography of Charles Carroll of Carrollton, page 1 – Colonial Hall"</a>. <i>colonialhall.com</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.colonialhall.com/carroll/carroll.php">the original</a> on February 26, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 14,</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=colonialhall.com&rft.atitle=Biography+of+Charles+Carroll+of+Carrollton%2C+page+1+%E2%80%93+Colonial+Hall&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.colonialhall.com%2Fcarroll%2Fcarroll.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACharles+Carroll+of+Carrollton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.charlescarrollhouse.com/">"www.charlescarrollhouse.com"</a>. <i>charlescarrollhouse.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=charlescarrollhouse.com&rft.atitle=www.charlescarrollhouse.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.charlescarrollhouse.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACharles+Carroll+of+Carrollton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMary_Virginia_Geiger1979" class="citation book cs1">Mary Virginia Geiger (1979). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Cjg5AAAAMAAJ&q=Brooke%20England"><i>Daniel Carroll II, One Man and His Descendants, 1730-1978</i></a>. University of Wisconsin - Madison. p. 131.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Daniel+Carroll+II%2C+One+Man+and+His+Descendants%2C+1730-1978&rft.pages=131&rft.pub=University+of+Wisconsin+-+Madison&rft.date=1979&rft.au=Mary+Virginia+Geiger&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DCjg5AAAAMAAJ%26q%3DBrooke%2520England&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACharles+Carroll+of+Carrollton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCharles_Carroll1902" class="citation book cs1">Charles Carroll (1902). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=m10_gTWSNxIC&q=brooke%20england"><i>Unpublished Letters of Charles Carroll of Carrollton</i></a>. Yale University Library.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Unpublished+Letters+of+Charles+Carroll+of+Carrollton&rft.pub=Yale+University+Library&rft.date=1902&rft.au=Charles+Carroll&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dm10_gTWSNxIC%26q%3Dbrooke%2520england&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACharles+Carroll+of+Carrollton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3glPliBVA8UC&dq=benedict+leonard+calvert&pg=PA79">Hoffman, Ronald, <i>Princes of Ireland, Planters of Maryland: A Carroll Saga, 1500–1782</i></a> Retrieved August 9, 2010</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060412140155/http://www.faculty.fairfield.edu/faculty/hodgson/Courses/city/philadelphia/PHILADELPHIA_ih.html#chapter%2029">"History of Independence Hall (1859)"</a>. <i>fairfield.edu</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.faculty.fairfield.edu/faculty/hodgson/Courses/City/philadelphia/PHILADELPHIA_ih.html#chapter%2029">the original</a> on April 12, 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 14,</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=fairfield.edu&rft.atitle=History+of+Independence+Hall+%281859%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.faculty.fairfield.edu%2Ffaculty%2Fhodgson%2FCourses%2FCity%2Fphiladelphia%2FPHILADELPHIA_ih.html%23chapter%252029&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACharles+Carroll+of+Carrollton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-McClanahan,_p.199-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-McClanahan,_p.199_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-McClanahan,_p.199_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-McClanahan,_p.199_14-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-McClanahan,_p.199_14-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-McClanahan,_p.199_14-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-McClanahan,_p.199_14-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Q2BQUXkctagC&pg=PA199">McClanahan, Brion T., p.199, <i>The Politically Incorrect Guide to the Founding Fathers</i></a>. Retrieved November 2010.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Maier-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Maier_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Maier, Pauline. <i>The Old Revolutionaries</i> (1980), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-394-51096-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-394-51096-8">0-394-51096-8</a>/></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Andrews, Matthew Pageت, <i>History of Maryland</i>, p. 270, Doubleday Doran & Co, New York (1929)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-roarke-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-roarke_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=6ybHa6D24qQC&dq=henry+darnall&pg=PA78">Roark, Elisabeth Louise, p.78, Artists of colonial America</a> Retrieved August 2012</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=mMSafBl5V2QC&dq=carroll+dulany+tax&pg=PA247">Williamson, Claude, p.247, <i>Great Catholics</i>, Williamson Press (March 15, 2007)</a>. Retrieved November 2010.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Warfield,_p.215-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Warfield,_p.215_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Warfield,_p.215_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=eUB5oCNIgJEC&dq=walter+dulany+annapolis&pg=PA184">Warfield, J. D., p. 215, <i>The Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties, Maryland</i></a>. Retrieved November 2010.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-McClanahan,_p.203-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-McClanahan,_p.203_20-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-McClanahan,_p.203_20-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Q2BQUXkctagC&dq=charles+carroll&pg=PA199">McClanahan, Brion T., p.203, <i>The Politically Incorrect Guide to the Founding Fathers</i></a>. Retrieved November 2010.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-aoc-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-aoc_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-aoc_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aoc.gov/cc/art/nsh/carroll.cfm">"Charles Carroll"</a>. <i>aoc.gov</i>. Architect of the Capitol. October 10, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=aoc.gov&rft.atitle=Charles+Carroll&rft.date=2014-10-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aoc.gov%2Fcc%2Fart%2Fnsh%2Fcarroll.cfm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACharles+Carroll+of+Carrollton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-McClanahan,_p.204-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-McClanahan,_p.204_22-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-McClanahan,_p.204_22-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Q2BQUXkctagC&dq=enforcement+of+marylands+boycott+of+british+teat+and+other&pg=PA204">McClanahan, Brion T., p.204, <i>The Politically Incorrect Guide to the Founding Fathers</i></a>. Retrieved November 2010.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-aoc2-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-aoc2_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aoc.gov/cc/art/nsh/carroll.cfm">"Charles Carroll"</a>. <i>aoc.gov</i>. Architect of the Capitol. October 10, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=aoc.gov&rft.atitle=Charles+Carroll&rft.date=2014-10-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aoc.gov%2Fcc%2Fart%2Fnsh%2Fcarroll.cfm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACharles+Carroll+of+Carrollton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Andrews, Matthew Page, <i>History of Maryland</i>, p. 374, Doubleday Doran & Co, New York (1929)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://charlescarrollhouse.org/the-carrolls/personal-biography-2">"Charles Carroll of Carrollton – the Signer"</a>. March 17, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Charles+Carroll+of+Carrollton+%E2%80%93+the+Signer&rft.date=2011-03-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcharlescarrollhouse.org%2Fthe-carrolls%2Fpersonal-biography-2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACharles+Carroll+of+Carrollton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://quotes.practicalmanliness.com/author/charles-carroll/">Quotes by Carroll</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180813000819/http://quotes.practicalmanliness.com/author/charles-carroll/">Archived</a> August 13, 2018, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Retrieved November 2010.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=N_1rzB1plukC&dq=charles+carroll+carrollton+slavery&pg=PA214">Miller, Randall M., and Wakelyn, Jon L., p.214, <i>Catholics in the Old South: Essays on Church and Culture</i></a> Mercer University Press (1983). Retrieved January 21, 2010.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3_WMV5xEglkC&dq=charles+carroll+carrollton+slavery&pg=PA218">Leonard, Lewis A. p.218, <i>Life of Charles Carroll of Carrollton</i></a> New York, Moffat, Yard and Company, (1918). Retrieved January 21, 2010</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_TEdAAAAMAAJ&dq=geo+h+steuart&pg=PA251">Gurley, Ralph Randolph, Ed., p.251, <i>The African Repository</i>, Volume 3</a>. Retrieved January 15, 2010.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.americanantiquarian.org/memberlistc">"MemberListC"</a>. <i>American Antiquarian Society</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=American+Antiquarian+Society&rft.atitle=MemberListC&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.americanantiquarian.org%2Fmemberlistc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACharles+Carroll+of+Carrollton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nps.gov/nr/travel/baltimore/b29.htm">"Baltimore Travel Itinerary-- Shot Tower"</a>. <i>www.nps.gov</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 16,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.nps.gov&rft.atitle=Baltimore+Travel+Itinerary--+Shot+Tower&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nps.gov%2Fnr%2Ftravel%2Fbaltimore%2Fb29.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACharles+Carroll+of+Carrollton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJ.E._Hagerty" class="citation web cs1">J.E. Hagerty. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03379c.htm">"Catholic Encyclopedia: Charles Carroll of Carrollton"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Wright, 1929), p. 39.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.societyofthecincinnati.org/about/purpose">The Society of the Cincinnati webpage</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210127220801/https://www.societyofthecincinnati.org/about/purpose">Archived</a> January 27, 2021, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, retrieved January 28, 2021</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Thomas, p. 12.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDees_Stribling2007" class="citation web cs1">Dees Stribling (May 21, 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://deadpresidentsdaily.blogspot.com/2007/05/may-21-1832-first-democratic-party.html">"First Democratic Party Convention"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 26,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Charles+Carroll+High+School+web+site&rft.atitle=Who+was+Charles+Carroll+%E2%80%93+The+School+District+of+Philadelphia&rft.au=Charles+Carroll+High+School&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwebgui.phila.k12.pa.us%2Fschools%2Fc%2Fcarroll%2Fabout-us%2Fwho-was-charles-carroll&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACharles+Carroll+of+Carrollton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140323135917/http://www3.villanova.edu/centennial/fountain/abstinencepage.htm">"Catholic Total Abstinence Fountain of the 1876 Centennial Exhibition"</a>. <i>villanova.edu</i>. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www3.villanova.edu/centennial/fountain/abstinencepage.htm">the original</a> on March 23, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=villanova.edu&rft.atitle=Catholic+Total+Abstinence+Fountain+of+the+1876+Centennial+Exhibition&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww3.villanova.edu%2Fcentennial%2Ffountain%2Fabstinencepage.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACharles+Carroll+of+Carrollton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110225075048/http://nd.edu/~carroll/history.html">"History of Carroll Hall"</a>. <a href="/wiki/University_of_Notre_Dame" title="University of Notre Dame">University of Notre Dame</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www3.nd.edu/~carroll/history.html">the original</a> on February 25, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 5,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=History+of+Carroll+Hall&rft.pub=University+of+Notre+Dame&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww3.nd.edu%2F~carroll%2Fhistory.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACharles+Carroll+of+Carrollton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hcap.artstor.org/cgi-bin/library?a=d&d=p1634">"Paca-Carroll House"</a>. <i>Historic Campus Architecture Project</i>. The Council of Independent Colleges<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 24,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Historic+Campus+Architecture+Project&rft.atitle=Paca-Carroll+House&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhcap.artstor.org%2Fcgi-bin%2Flibrary%3Fa%3Dd%26d%3Dp1634&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACharles+Carroll+of+Carrollton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilliams2014" class="citation book cs1">Williams, Greg H. (2014). <i>The Liberty Ships of World War II: A Record of the 2,710 Vessels and Their Builders, Operators and Namesakes, with a History of the Jeremiah O'Brien</i>. McFarland. p. 48. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781476617541" title="Special:BookSources/9781476617541"><bdi>9781476617541</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Liberty+Ships+of+World+War+II%3A+A+Record+of+the+2%2C710+Vessels+and+Their+Builders%2C+Operators+and+Namesakes%2C+with+a+History+of+the+Jeremiah+O%27Brien&rft.pages=48&rft.pub=McFarland&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=9781476617541&rft.aulast=Williams&rft.aufirst=Greg+H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACharles+Carroll+of+Carrollton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHoffman2000" class="citation book cs1">Hoffman, Ronald (2000). "Appendix 6. Genealogical Charts". <i>Princes of Ireland, Planters of Maryland: A Carroll Saga, 1500–1782</i>. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8078-5347-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-8078-5347-X"><bdi>0-8078-5347-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Appendix+6.+Genealogical+Charts&rft.btitle=Princes+of+Ireland%2C+Planters+of+Maryland%3A+A+Carroll+Saga%2C+1500%E2%80%931782.&rft.place=Chapel+Hill&rft.pub=University+of+North+Carolina+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=0-8078-5347-X&rft.aulast=Hoffman&rft.aufirst=Ronald&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACharles+Carroll+of+Carrollton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWake2010" class="citation book cs1">Wake, Jehanne (2010). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sistersoffortune00jeha"><i>Sisters of Fortune</i></a></span>. A Touchstone Book published by Simom & Schuster. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781451607611" title="Special:BookSources/9781451607611"><bdi>9781451607611</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sisters+of+Fortune&rft.pub=A+Touchstone+Book+published+by+Simom+%26+Schuster&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=9781451607611&rft.aulast=Wake&rft.aufirst=Jehanne&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsistersoffortune00jeha&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACharles+Carroll+of+Carrollton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilliams2016" class="citation web cs1">Williams, Shannen Dee (September 18, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://historynewsnetwork.org/article/163851">"Congratulations Georgetown. Now It's Time to Own Up to the Racist History of the Catholic Church"</a>. <i>History News Network</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 14,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=History+News+Network&rft.atitle=Congratulations+Georgetown.+Now+It%27s+Time+to+Own+Up+to+the+Racist+History+of+the+Catholic+Church.&rft.date=2016-09-18&rft.aulast=Williams&rft.aufirst=Shannen+Dee&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhistorynewsnetwork.org%2Farticle%2F163851&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACharles+Carroll+of+Carrollton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.abbevilleinstitute.org/charles-carroll-of-carrollton-the-southern-irish-catholic-planter/">"Charles Carroll of Carrollton: The Southern Irish Catholic Planter – Abbeville Institute"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Charles+Carroll+of+Carrollton%3A+The+Southern+Irish+Catholic+Planter+%E2%80%93+Abbeville+Institute&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.abbevilleinstitute.org%2Fcharles-carroll-of-carrollton-the-southern-irish-catholic-planter%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACharles+Carroll+of+Carrollton" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hoffman, Ronald, Sally D. Mason and Eleanor S. Darcy, Eds. Dear Papa, Dear Charley: Vol. I, pp. 344, n. 2, 378, and 378, n. 9. Chapel Hill, NC. The University of North Carolina Press, 2001.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Carroll_of_Carrollton&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Birzer, Bradley J. (2010). <i>American Cicero: The Life of Charles Carroll,</i> <a href="/wiki/Intercollegiate_Studies_Institute" title="Intercollegiate Studies Institute">Intercollegiate Studies Institute</a>.</li> <li>Breidenbach, Michael D. (2013). 'Conciliarism and American Religious Liberty, 1632–1835' (Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Cambridge).</li> <li>Carroll, Charles. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/princeton_theological_seminary_412216_microfiche_1990_0021#page/n1/mode/2up"><i>Unpublished Letters of Charles Carroll of Carrollton and of his Father, Charles Carroll of Doughoregan,</i></a> United States Catholic Historical Society, 1902.</li> <li>Gleeson, John. 1913 'History of the Ely O'Carroll Territory'</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHeaney2004" class="citation book cs1">Heaney, Paddy (2004). <i>At the Foot of Slieve Bloom</i>. Kilcormac Historical Society.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=At+the+Foot+of+Slieve+Bloom&rft.pub=Kilcormac+Historical+Society&rft.date=2004&rft.aulast=Heaney&rft.aufirst=Paddy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACharles+Carroll+of+Carrollton" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHoffmanSally_D._Mason2000" class="citation book cs1">Hoffman, Ronald; Sally D. Mason (2000). <i>Princes of Ireland, Planters of Maryland: A Carroll Saga, 1500–1782</i>. <a href="/wiki/University_of_North_Carolina_Press" title="University of North Carolina Press">University of North Carolina Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8078-2556-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-8078-2556-5"><bdi>0-8078-2556-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Princes+of+Ireland%2C+Planters+of+Maryland%3A+A+Carroll+Saga%2C+1500%E2%80%931782&rft.pub=University+of+North+Carolina+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=0-8078-2556-5&rft.aulast=Hoffman&rft.aufirst=Ronald&rft.au=Sally+D.+Mason&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACharles+Carroll+of+Carrollton" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Leonard, Lewis A. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/lifecharlescarr01leongoog#page/n8/mode/2up"><i>Life of Charles Carroll of Carrollton,</i></a> Moffat, Yard and Company, 1918.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcDermott2002" class="citation book cs1">McDermott, Scott (2002). <i>Charles Carroll of Carrollton: Faithful Revolutionary</i>. Scepter. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-889334-68-5" title="Special:BookSources/1-889334-68-5"><bdi>1-889334-68-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Charles+Carroll+of+Carrollton%3A+Faithful+Revolutionary&rft.pub=Scepter&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=1-889334-68-5&rft.aulast=McDermott&rft.aufirst=Scott&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACharles+Carroll+of+Carrollton" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Rowland, Kate Mason. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/cihm_12700#page/n9/mode/2up"><i>The Life of Charles Carroll of Carrollton, 1737–1832,</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/carrollcarrollton02rowlrich#page/n7/mode/2up">Vol. 2</a>, G.P. Putnam's Sons, 1898.</li> <li>Sergeant, John. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/eulogyoncharlesc00serg#page/n5/mode/2up"><i>Eulogy on Charles Carroll of Carrollton: Delivered at the Request of the Select and Common Councils of the City of Philadelphia, December 31, 1832,</i></a> L.R. Bailey, 1833.</li> <li>Smith, Ellen Hart. <i>Charles Carroll of Carrollton</i>. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 1942.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Carroll_of_Carrollton&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Charles_Carroll_of_Carrollton" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Charles Carroll of Carrollton">Charles Carroll of Carrollton</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUnited_States_CongressC000185" class="citation web cs1">United States Congress. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=C000185">"Charles Carroll of Carrollton (id: C000185)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Biographical_Directory_of_the_United_States_Congress" title="Biographical Directory of the United States Congress">Biographical Directory of the United States Congress</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Biographical+Directory+of+the+United+States+Congress&rft.atitle=Charles+Carroll+of+Carrollton+%28id%3A+C000185%29&rft.au=United+States+Congress&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbioguide.congress.gov%2Fscripts%2Fbiodisplay.pl%3Findex%3DC000185&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACharles+Carroll+of+Carrollton" class="Z3988"></span>. Retrieved November 2010.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180813000819/http://quotes.practicalmanliness.com/author/charles-carroll/">Quotes by Charles Carroll</a>. Retrieved November 2010.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://allthingsliberty.com/2017/02/charles-carroll-carrollton-revolutionary-religious-toleration-making-founder//">"Charles Carroll of Carrollton and Revolutionary Religious Toleration: The Making of a Founder"</a>. Article by Matthew Wigler in the Journal of the American Revolution. Retrieved February 2017.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ehistory.osu.edu/world/amit/display.cfm?amit_id=1649">A Moment in Time Archives: Charles Carroll of Carrollton</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071206170656/http://ehistory.osu.edu/world/amit/display.cfm?amit_id=1649">Archived</a> December 6, 2007, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Retrieved November 2010.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jhu.edu/hwdhouse/">Homewood House Museum</a>. Retrieved November 2010.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.udel.edu/PR/UDaily/01-02/homewood103002.html">Research into Homewood House</a>. Retrieved November 2010.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.colonialhall.com/carroll/carroll.php">Biography by Rev. Charles A. Goodrich, 1856</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210226020646/http://www.colonialhall.com/carroll/carroll.php">Archived</a> February 26, 2021, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Retrieved November 2010.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090316091217/http://www.zenit.org/article-14430?l=english">ZENIT: How Charles Carroll Influenced U.S. Founding Fathers (Part 1)</a> and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090321170719/http://www.zenit.org/article-14440?l=english">(Part 2)</a> (interview with Scott McDermott; McDermott mentions various facts about Carroll). Retrieved November 2010.</li> <li>Catholic Encyclopedia: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03379c.htm">Charles Carroll of Carrollton</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://georgiainfo.galileo.usg.edu/topics/historical_markers/county/carroll/charles-carroll-of-carrollton">Charles Carroll of Carrollton</a> historical marker</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.societyofthecincinnati.org">The Society of the Cincinnati</a></li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #cccccc"><a href="/wiki/Maryland_Senate" title="Maryland Senate">Maryland Senate</a> </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Matthew_Tilghman" title="Matthew Tilghman">Matthew Tilghman</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Maryland_State_Senate" class="mw-redirect" title="President of the Maryland State Senate">President of the Maryland State Senate</a> </b><br />1783 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Carroll" title="Daniel Carroll">Daniel Carroll</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Carroll" title="Daniel Carroll">Daniel Carroll</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Maryland_State_Senate" class="mw-redirect" title="President of the Maryland State Senate">President of the Maryland State Senate</a> </b><br />1783 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/George_Plater" title="George Plater">George Plater</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #cccccc"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">U.S. Senate</a> </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold">None</div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Maryland" title="List of United States senators from Maryland"> U.S. senator (Class 1) from Maryland</a> </b><br />1789–1792 <br />Served alongside: <b><a href="/wiki/John_Henry_(senator)" class="mw-redirect" title="John Henry (senator)">John Henry</a></b> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Potts" title="Richard Potts">Richard Potts</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FFF157;">Honorary titles </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Sumter" title="Thomas Sumter">Thomas Sumter</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Oldest living U.S. senator </b><br />June 1, 1832 – November 14, 1832 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Paine_Wingate" title="Paine Wingate">Paine Wingate</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl 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href="/wiki/Memorial_to_the_56_Signers_of_the_Declaration_of_Independence" title="Memorial to the 56 Signers of the Declaration of Independence">Memorial to the 56 Signers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Founding_Fathers_of_the_United_States" title="Founding Fathers of the United States">Founding Fathers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syng_inkstand" title="Syng inkstand">Syng inkstand</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Primary author</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson" title="Thomas Jefferson">Thomas Jefferson</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Signing_of_the_United_States_Declaration_of_Independence" title="Signing of the United States Declaration of Independence">Signatories</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Continental_Congress" title="President of the Continental Congress">President of Congress</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Hancock" title="John Hancock">John Hancock</a> (Massachusetts)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">New Hampshire</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Josiah_Bartlett" title="Josiah Bartlett">Josiah Bartlett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Whipple" title="William Whipple">William Whipple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_Thornton" title="Matthew Thornton">Matthew Thornton</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Massachusetts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Adams" title="Samuel Adams">Samuel Adams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Adams" title="John Adams">John Adams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Treat_Paine" title="Robert Treat Paine">Robert Treat Paine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elbridge_Gerry" title="Elbridge Gerry">Elbridge Gerry</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Rhode Island</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Hopkins_(politician)" title="Stephen Hopkins (politician)">Stephen Hopkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Ellery" title="William Ellery">William Ellery</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Connecticut</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Sherman" title="Roger Sherman">Roger Sherman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Huntington_(Connecticut_politician)" title="Samuel Huntington (Connecticut politician)">Samuel Huntington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Williams_(Connecticut_politician)" title="William Williams (Connecticut politician)">William Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oliver_Wolcott" title="Oliver Wolcott">Oliver Wolcott</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">New York</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_Floyd" title="William Floyd">William Floyd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_Livingston" title="Philip Livingston">Philip Livingston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Lewis" title="Francis Lewis">Francis Lewis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lewis_Morris" title="Lewis Morris">Lewis Morris</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">New Jersey</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Stockton_(Continental_Congressman)" title="Richard Stockton (Continental Congressman)">Richard Stockton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Witherspoon" title="John Witherspoon">John Witherspoon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Hopkinson" title="Francis Hopkinson">Francis Hopkinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Hart_(New_Jersey_politician)" title="John Hart (New Jersey politician)">John Hart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abraham_Clark" title="Abraham Clark">Abraham Clark</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pennsylvania</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Morris_(financier)" title="Robert Morris (financier)">Robert Morris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Rush" title="Benjamin Rush">Benjamin Rush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Franklin" title="Benjamin Franklin">Benjamin Franklin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Morton_(American_politician)" title="John Morton (American politician)">John Morton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Clymer" title="George Clymer">George Clymer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Smith_(Pennsylvania_politician)" title="James Smith (Pennsylvania politician)">James Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Taylor_(Pennsylvania_politician)" title="George Taylor (Pennsylvania politician)">George Taylor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Wilson_(Founding_Father)" title="James Wilson (Founding Father)">James Wilson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Ross_(American_politician)" title="George Ross (American politician)">George Ross</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Delaware</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Read_(American_politician,_born_1733)" title="George Read (American politician, born 1733)">George Read</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caesar_Rodney" title="Caesar Rodney">Caesar Rodney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_McKean" title="Thomas McKean">Thomas McKean</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Maryland</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Chase" title="Samuel Chase">Samuel Chase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Paca" title="William Paca">William Paca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Stone" title="Thomas Stone">Thomas Stone</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Charles Carroll of Carrollton</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Virginia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Wythe" title="George Wythe">George Wythe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Henry_Lee" title="Richard Henry Lee">Richard Henry Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson" title="Thomas Jefferson">Thomas Jefferson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Harrison_V" title="Benjamin Harrison V">Benjamin Harrison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Nelson_Jr." title="Thomas Nelson Jr.">Thomas Nelson Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Lightfoot_Lee" title="Francis Lightfoot Lee">Francis Lightfoot Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carter_Braxton" title="Carter Braxton">Carter Braxton</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">North Carolina</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_Hooper" title="William Hooper">William Hooper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Hewes" title="Joseph Hewes">Joseph Hewes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Penn_(North_Carolina_politician)" title="John Penn (North Carolina politician)">John Penn</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">South Carolina</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Rutledge" title="Edward Rutledge">Edward Rutledge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Heyward_Jr." title="Thomas Heyward Jr.">Thomas Heyward Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Lynch_Jr." title="Thomas Lynch Jr.">Thomas Lynch Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Middleton" title="Arthur Middleton">Arthur Middleton</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Georgia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Button_Gwinnett" title="Button Gwinnett">Button Gwinett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyman_Hall" title="Lyman Hall">Lyman Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Walton" title="George Walton">George Walton</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Delegates voting<br />for Independence<br />(did not sign)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><b>New York</b>: <a href="/wiki/Robert_R._Livingston" title="Robert R. Livingston">Robert R. Livingston</a>, <a href="/wiki/Henry_Wisner" title="Henry Wisner">Henry Wisner</a><br /> <b>Maryland</b>: <a href="/wiki/John_Rogers_(Continental_Congress)" title="John Rogers (Continental Congress)">John Rogers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Matthew_Tilghman" title="Matthew Tilghman">Matthew Tilghman</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Halifax_Resolves" title="Halifax Resolves">Halifax Resolves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virginia_Declaration_of_Rights" title="Virginia Declaration of Rights">Virginia Declaration of Rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Continental_Congress" title="Second Continental Congress">Second Continental Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lee_Resolution" title="Lee Resolution">Lee Resolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Committee_of_Five" title="Committee of Five">Committee of Five</a> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/All_men_are_created_equal" title="All men are created equal">All men are created equal</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Life,_Liberty_and_the_pursuit_of_Happiness" title="Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness">Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Consent_of_the_governed" title="Consent of the governed">Consent of the governed</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grievances_of_the_United_States_Declaration_of_Independence" title="Grievances of the United States Declaration of Independence">27 grievances</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Physical_history_of_the_United_States_Declaration_of_Independence" title="Physical history of the United States Declaration of Independence">Document's history</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Signing_of_the_United_States_Declaration_of_Independence" title="Signing of the United States Declaration of Independence">signing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Thomson" title="Charles Thomson">Charles Thomson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timothy_Matlack" title="Timothy Matlack">Timothy Matlack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Journals_of_the_Continental_Congress" title="Journals of the Continental Congress">Journals of the Continental Congress</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Colonies" title="United Colonies">United Colonies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independence_Hall" title="Independence Hall">Independence Hall</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Syng_inkstand" title="Syng inkstand">Syng inkstand</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Revolution" title="American Revolution">American Revolution</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Display<br />and legacy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Archives_Building" title="National Archives Building">National Archives</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charters_of_Freedom" title="Charters of Freedom">Rotunda for the Charters of Freedom</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independence_Day_(United_States)" title="Independence Day (United States)">Independence Day</a></li> <li>Anniversaries <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Centennial_Exposition" title="Centennial Exposition">Centennial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sesquicentennial_Exposition" title="Sesquicentennial Exposition">Sesquicentennial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Bicentennial" title="United States Bicentennial">Bicentennial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Semiquincentennial" title="United States Semiquincentennial">Semiquincentennial</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Memorial_to_the_56_Signers_of_the_Declaration_of_Independence" title="Memorial to the 56 Signers of the Declaration of Independence">Memorial to the 56 Signers of the Declaration of Independence</a> (Washington, D.C.)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Signers_Monument" title="Signers Monument">Signers Monument (Georgia)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congress_Voting_Independence" title="Congress Voting Independence">Pine portrait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Declaration_of_Independence_(painting)" title="Declaration of Independence (painting)">Trumbull portrait</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="United_States_senators_from_Maryland" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:United_States_senators_from_Maryland" title="Template:United States senators from Maryland"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:United_States_senators_from_Maryland" title="Template talk:United States senators from Maryland"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:United_States_senators_from_Maryland" title="Special:EditPage/Template:United States senators from Maryland"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="United_States_senators_from_Maryland" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Maryland" title="List of United States senators from Maryland">United States senators from Maryland</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Class 1</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Carroll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Potts" title="Richard Potts">Potts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Eager_Howard" title="John Eager Howard">Howard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Smith_(Maryland_politician)" title="Samuel Smith (Maryland politician)">S. Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Goodloe_Harper" title="Robert Goodloe Harper">Harper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Contee_Hanson" class="mw-redirect" title="Alexander Contee Hanson">Hanson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Pinkney" title="William Pinkney">Pinkney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Smith_(Maryland_politician)" title="Samuel Smith (Maryland politician)">S. Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Kent" title="Joseph Kent">Kent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Duhurst_Merrick" title="William Duhurst Merrick">Merrick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reverdy_Johnson" title="Reverdy Johnson">Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Stewart_(Maryland_politician)" title="David Stewart (Maryland politician)">Stewart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Pratt_(Maryland_politician)" title="Thomas Pratt (Maryland politician)">Pratt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Kennedy_(Maryland_politician)" title="Anthony Kennedy (Maryland politician)">Kennedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reverdy_Johnson" title="Reverdy Johnson">Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Pinkney_Whyte" title="William Pinkney Whyte">Whyte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Thomas_Hamilton" class="mw-redirect" title="William Thomas Hamilton">Hamilton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Pinkney_Whyte" title="William Pinkney Whyte">Whyte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_P._Gorman" title="Arthur P. Gorman">Gorman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_E._McComas" title="Louis E. McComas">McComas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isidor_Rayner" title="Isidor Rayner">Rayner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_P._Jackson" title="William P. Jackson">Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blair_Lee_I" title="Blair Lee I">Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_I._France" title="Joseph I. France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Cabell_Bruce" title="William Cabell Bruce">Bruce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phillips_Lee_Goldsborough" title="Phillips Lee Goldsborough">P. Goldsborough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_L._P._Radcliffe" title="George L. P. Radcliffe">Radcliffe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_O%27Conor" title="Herbert O'Conor">O'Conor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._Glenn_Beall" title="J. Glenn Beall">Beall Sr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Tydings" title="Joseph Tydings">J. Tydings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._Glenn_Beall_Jr." title="J. Glenn Beall Jr.">Beall Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Sarbanes" title="Paul Sarbanes">Sarbanes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ben_Cardin" title="Ben Cardin">Cardin</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="United States Senate"><img alt="United States Senate" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg/80px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg/120px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg/160px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1030" data-file-height="1030" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Class 3</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Henry_(Maryland_politician)" title="John Henry (Maryland politician)">Henry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Lloyd_(Maryland_politician)" title="James Lloyd (Maryland politician)">J. Lloyd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Hindman" title="William Hindman">Hindman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Wright_(Maryland_politician)" title="Robert Wright (Maryland politician)">Wright</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_Reed_(politician)" title="Philip Reed (politician)">Reed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Henry_Goldsborough" title="Robert Henry Goldsborough">R. Goldsborough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Lloyd_(Governor_of_Maryland)" title="Edward Lloyd (Governor of Maryland)">E. Lloyd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ezekiel_F._Chambers" title="Ezekiel F. Chambers">Chambers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Henry_Goldsborough" title="Robert Henry Goldsborough">R. Goldsborough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_S._Spence" title="John S. Spence">Spence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Leeds_Kerr" title="John Leeds Kerr">Kerr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Pearce" title="James Pearce">Pearce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Holliday_Hicks" title="Thomas Holliday Hicks">Hicks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Creswell" title="John Creswell">Creswell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Vickers" title="George Vickers">Vickers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_R._Dennis" title="George R. Dennis">Dennis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Black_Groome" title="James Black Groome">Groome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ephraim_King_Wilson_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Ephraim King Wilson II">Wilson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Hopper_Gibson" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles Hopper Gibson">Gibson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_L._Wellington" title="George L. Wellington">Wellington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_P._Gorman" title="Arthur P. Gorman">Gorman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Pinkney_Whyte" title="William Pinkney Whyte">Whyte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Walter_Smith" title="John Walter Smith">J. Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ovington_Weller" title="Ovington Weller">Weller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Millard_Tydings" title="Millard Tydings">M. Tydings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Marshall_Butler" title="John Marshall Butler">Butler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Brewster" title="Daniel Brewster">Brewster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Mathias" title="Charles Mathias">Mathias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Mikulski" title="Barbara Mikulski">Mikulski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chris_Van_Hollen" title="Chris Van Hollen">Van Hollen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466009#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466009#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466009#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000081527963">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/72318871">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/11145/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJvRWbxxKjG7WFjKqGjjYP">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/124133207">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n50033119">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb16535442q">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb16535442q">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an61539695">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p135356342">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810576454905606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Carroll, Charles, 1737-1832"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8034&url_prefix=https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/&id=495/21989">Vatican</a></span></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Carroll of Carrolton, Charles, 1737-1832"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8034&url_prefix=https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/&id=495/21990">2</a></span></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007259565505171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=C000185">US Congress</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd124133207.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/145495450">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6z141jz">SNAC</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Charles_Carroll_of_Carrollton&oldid=1258299300">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Charles_Carroll_of_Carrollton&oldid=1258299300</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a 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