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[[Alfred Bester]]'s ''[[The Demolished Man]]''—according to critic [[Peter Nicholls (writer)|Peter Nicholls]], "among the few genuine classics of genre sf"—was serialized in early 1952.<ref name=Nicholls_113/> Pohl and Kornbluth's ''[[The Space Merchants]]'' followed a few months later, serialized as ''Gravy Planet''; [[Brian Aldiss]], in his critical genre study ''[[Trillion Year Spree]]'', calls it "one of the most famous books in SF".<ref name=TYS_405>Aldiss and Wingrove, ''[[Trillion Year Spree]]'', p.&nbsp;405.</ref> James Blish's "[[Surface Tension (short story)|Surface Tension]]" and Theodore Sturgeon's "Baby is Three", both widely acclaimed, also appeared in 1952.<ref name=ESF_135>Nicholls, "James Blish", in Clute & Nicholls, ''Encyclopedia of SF'' (1993), p.&nbsp;135.</ref><ref name=ESF_1176>Clute, "Theodore Sturgeon", in Clute & Nicholls, ''Encyclopedia of SF'' (1993), p.&nbsp;1176.</ref> Readers had expressed support for science articles, and in March 1952, Willy Ley, who had contributed occasional essays since the first issue, began a column, "For Your Information", in which he replied to readers' scientific questions. Running uninterrupted until Ley's death in 1969,<ref name=Nicholls_462/><ref name="Tuck_565-567">Tuck, ''Encyclopedia of Science Fiction and Fantasy, Vol. 3'', pp.&nbsp;565–567.</ref><ref name=TA_292/> Frederik Pohl describes it as "the most popular single feature ''Galaxy'' ever had".<ref name=GDLY_xii>Pohl, "Foreword", in Rosheim, ''Galaxy Magazine'', p.&nbsp;xii.</ref> The [[Hugo Awards]] were inaugurated the following year: ''The Demolished Man'' won the first [[Hugo Award for Best Novel|Hugo for Best Novel]] and ''Galaxy'' shared the first [[Hugo Award for Best Professional Magazine|Hugo for Best Magazine]] with ''Astounding''.<ref name=Nicholls_462/> Gold published a wide range of material, and ''Galaxy'' became known for irony and satire; the work of authors able to adopt the wry style he favored, such as Knight and [[Robert Sheckley]], appeared regularly in the magazine<ref name=Nicholls_462/> and were obvious commentaries on contemporary society.<ref name="latham2009">{{Cite book |title=The Routledge Companion to Science Fiction |last=Latham |first=Rob |publisher=Routledge |year=2009 |isbn=9781135228361 |editor-last=Bould |editor-first=Mark |pages=80–89 |chapter=Fiction, 1950–1963 |editor-last2=Butler |editor-first2=Andrew M. |editor-last3=Roberts |editor-first3=Adam |editor-last4=Vint |editor-first4=Sherryl |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=y7CNAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA80}}</ref> In 1953, with [[McCarthyism]] at its height, Gold refused to publish "[[The Liberation of Earth]]", a story by William Tenn satirizing both the Russian and American sides in the Korean War. Tenn quotes Gold, an ex-radical, as saying the idea made him "sweat green", though the year before he had published Isaac Asimov's "The Martian Way", a thinly veiled anti-[[Joseph McCarthy|McCarthy]] story.<ref name=Ortiz_35>Ortiz, ''Emshwiller'', p.&nbsp;35</ref><ref name=G30Y_33>William Tenn, "From a Cave", in Pohl, Greenberg and Olander, ''Galaxy'', p.&nbsp;33.</ref> [[L. Sprague de Camp]] commented that Gold "sets an extremely high standard of literary excellence for his writers", and observed that he often demanded multiple revisions and rewrites.<ref name=SFH_115/> Gold was also infamous for making sweeping changes to the stories he printed.<ref name=TA_292>Tymn & Ashley, ''Science Fiction, Fantasy and Weird Fiction Magazines'', p.&nbsp;292</ref>{{refn|Damon Knight described this habit of Gold's who, he wrote, "can no more keep from interfering with another man's story, once he owns it, than a saucer-eyed kid with a jam jar".<ref name=ISOW_259>Knight, ''In Search of Wonder'', p.&nbsp;259.</ref> [[William Tenn]] relates that Sturgeon became so annoyed by Gold's changes that he took to writing "[[wikt:stet|STET]]" in the margin of every page of his manuscripts.<ref name=G30Y_35>William Tenn, "From a Cave", in Pohl, Greenberg and Olander, ''Galaxy: Thirty Years of Innovative Science Fiction'', p.&nbsp;35.</ref> Pohl and Kornbluth once took revenge on Gold for this habit by extensively changing, to the point of parody, a manuscript of Gold's for a book they were editing, and returning it to him as if that were the version to be published.<ref>Pohl, ''The Way the Future Was'', pp.&nbsp;162–163.</ref> However, Lester del Rey records that Gold agreed not to edit his stories without discussing the changes first, and that the agreement was kept.<ref name=TWOSF_171>del Rey, ''The World of SF'', p.&nbsp;171.</ref>|group=notes}} In meetings and in phone calls he became well known as a difficult editor whose determination to achieve perfection sometimes alienated his writers.<ref name=TM_27/>{{refn|Isaac Asimov, in his memoirs, describes Gold as becoming "crankier as time went on", with his rejections "becoming increasingly personal and vilifying".<ref name=IMYG_651>Asimov, ''In Memory Yet Green'', p.&nbsp;651.</ref> [[James Gunn (author)|James Gunn]], in his history of science fiction, says that Gold's rejection letters were "long [and] savage", and that over time his tone became even more acid: "it was not enough to reject, the author had to be punished so that he would never sin again".<ref name=AW_219>Gunn, ''Alternate Worlds'', p.&nbsp;219.</ref>|group=notes}} He was unapologetic, declaring, "I worked hard with writers, and they didn't always enjoy it".<ref name=G30_5/> The results were often very positive: some successful stories are said to have begun with an idea he provided to one of his authors. In the case of ''The Demolished Man'', his involvement extended almost to the point of collaboration.{{refn|Gold spent four hours on the phone with Bester every week for a year and a half talking about the book; Bester took only three months to write it at the end of the process.<ref name=G30_6>H.L. Gold, "Gold on Galaxy", in Pohl, Greenberg & Olander, ''Galaxy: Thirty Years of Innovative Science Fiction'', p.&nbsp;6.</ref>|group=notes}}<ref name=Nicholls_113>Peter Nicholls, "Alfred Bester", in Clute & Nicholls, ''Encyclopedia of Science Fiction'' (1993), p.&nbsp;113.</ref><ref name=G30_423-4>Alfred Bester, "Horace, Galaxyca", in Pohl, Greenberg & Olander, ''Galaxy: Thirty Years of Innovative Science Fiction'', pp.&nbsp;423–424.</ref> Gold was [[Agoraphobia|agoraphobic]] and rarely left his apartment, but writers often visited him,<ref name=TM_27/> and he held regular parties and weekly poker games; in addition to the members of the science fiction community, the [[avant-garde]] composer [[John Cage]] often attended.<ref name=OE_34>Ortiz, ''Emshwiller'', p.&nbsp;34.</ref> In March 1953 Gold announced a novel-writing contest, but it failed to attract any usable submissions. He asked Pohl and Kornbluth if they would allow him to print ''Gladiator-at-Law'', which they had just completed, under a pseudonym, so he could claim that the contest had found a new talent. They refused, but shortly afterwards Pohl and Lester del Rey agreed to let Gold take their recently completed novel ''Preferred Risk'' and publish it as the winner under the pseudonym Edson McCann.<ref name=Nicholls_462/><ref>Pohl, ''The Way the Future Was'', pp.&nbsp;181–182.</ref> Pohl and del Rey constructed a fake identity for McCann, but the news leaked out and Gold never ran another fiction competition.<ref name=TM_119-20>Ashley, ''Transformations'', pp.&nbsp;119–120.</ref> In July 1953, he launched a companion magazine, ''[[Beyond Fantasy Fiction]]'', dedicated to fantasy material, which ''Galaxy''{{'s}} editorial policy did not favor. It lasted for ten bimonthly issues, with the final one appearing in January 1955.<ref name=Nicholls_462/> After it failed, Gold opened ''Galaxy'' to more fantasy, publishing writers such as [[Cordwainer Smith]].<ref name=TA_297>Tymn & Ashley, ''Science Fiction, Fantasy and Weird Fiction Magazines'', p.&nbsp;297</ref> The [[American Broadcasting Company|ABC]] radio series ''[[Tales of Tomorrow]]'', which began in 1952 as an offshoot of the TV series of the same name, used stories from ''Galaxy''; the connection was announced at the start of each of its fifteen episodes. On April 24, 1955, another radio series, [[NBC]]'s ''[[X Minus One]]'', started a much longer run of 125 episodes, lasting until January 1958. From February 1956 onwards the scripts were adapted exclusively from stories in ''Galaxy'', and from the April 1956 issue ''Galaxy'' ran advertisements for the series, which included work by Pohl, Sturgeon, and [[Philip K. Dick]].<ref name=TM_176>Ashley, ''Transformations'', p.&nbsp;176.</ref> Through the 1950s, ''Galaxy''{{'s}} contributors routinely dominated the Hugo ballots, but neither the magazine nor the fiction it published won many awards, despite what sf historian Donald Lawler describes as its "deserved reputation for excellence".<ref name=TA_290-309/> After several years of being shut out of the Hugos, ''Galaxy'' published two works in 1958 that won the honor: Fritz Leiber's novel ''[[The Big Time (novel)|The Big Time]]'' and [[Avram Davidson]]'s short story "[[Or All the Seas with Oysters]]".<ref>Franson & DeVore, ''A History of the Hugo, Nebula, and International Fantasy Awards'', p.&nbsp;16.</ref> </textarea><div class="templatesUsed"></div><p id="mw-returnto">Return to <a href="/wiki/Galaxy_Science_Fiction" title="Galaxy Science Fiction">Galaxy Science Fiction</a>.</p> <noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" 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