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All Rights Reserved. * * Licensed under the W3C SOFTWARE AND DOCUMENT NOTICE AND LICENSE. * * https://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/2015/copyright-software-and-document * */ (function() { 'use strict'; // Exit early if we're not running in a browser. if (typeof window !== 'object') { return; } // Exit early if all IntersectionObserver and IntersectionObserverEntry // features are natively supported. if ('IntersectionObserver' in window && 'IntersectionObserverEntry' in window && 'intersectionRatio' in window.IntersectionObserverEntry.prototype) { // Minimal polyfill for Edge 15's lack of `isIntersecting` // See: https://github.com/w3c/IntersectionObserver/issues/211 if (!('isIntersecting' in window.IntersectionObserverEntry.prototype)) { Object.defineProperty(window.IntersectionObserverEntry.prototype, 'isIntersecting', { get: function () { return this.intersectionRatio > 0; } }); } return; } /** * Returns the embedding frame element, if any. * @param {!Document} doc * @return {!Element} */ function getFrameElement(doc) { try { return doc.defaultView && doc.defaultView.frameElement || null; } catch (e) { // Ignore the error. return null; } } /** * A local reference to the root document. */ var document = (function(startDoc) { var doc = startDoc; var frame = getFrameElement(doc); while (frame) { doc = frame.ownerDocument; frame = getFrameElement(doc); } return doc; })(window.document); /** * An IntersectionObserver registry. This registry exists to hold a strong * reference to IntersectionObserver instances currently observing a target * element. Without this registry, instances without another reference may be * garbage collected. */ var registry = []; /** * The signal updater for cross-origin intersection. When not null, it means * that the polyfill is configured to work in a cross-origin mode. * @type {function(DOMRect|ClientRect, DOMRect|ClientRect)} */ var crossOriginUpdater = null; /** * The current cross-origin intersection. Only used in the cross-origin mode. * @type {DOMRect|ClientRect} */ var crossOriginRect = null; /** * Creates the global IntersectionObserverEntry constructor. * https://w3c.github.io/IntersectionObserver/#intersection-observer-entry * @param {Object} entry A dictionary of instance properties. * @constructor */ function IntersectionObserverEntry(entry) { this.time = entry.time; this.target = entry.target; this.rootBounds = ensureDOMRect(entry.rootBounds); this.boundingClientRect = ensureDOMRect(entry.boundingClientRect); this.intersectionRect = ensureDOMRect(entry.intersectionRect || getEmptyRect()); this.isIntersecting = !!entry.intersectionRect; // Calculates the intersection ratio. var targetRect = this.boundingClientRect; var targetArea = targetRect.width * targetRect.height; var intersectionRect = this.intersectionRect; var intersectionArea = intersectionRect.width * intersectionRect.height; // Sets intersection ratio. if (targetArea) { // Round the intersection ratio to avoid floating point math issues: // https://github.com/w3c/IntersectionObserver/issues/324 this.intersectionRatio = Number((intersectionArea / targetArea).toFixed(4)); } else { // If area is zero and is intersecting, sets to 1, otherwise to 0 this.intersectionRatio = this.isIntersecting ? 1 : 0; } } /** * Creates the global IntersectionObserver constructor. * https://w3c.github.io/IntersectionObserver/#intersection-observer-interface * @param {Function} callback The function to be invoked after intersection * changes have queued. The function is not invoked if the queue has * been emptied by calling the `takeRecords` method. * @param {Object=} opt_options Optional configuration options. * @constructor */ function IntersectionObserver(callback, opt_options) { var options = opt_options || {}; if (typeof callback != 'function') { throw new Error('callback must be a function'); } if ( options.root && options.root.nodeType != 1 && options.root.nodeType != 9 ) { throw new Error('root must be a Document or Element'); } // Binds and throttles `this._checkForIntersections`. this._checkForIntersections = throttle( this._checkForIntersections.bind(this), this.THROTTLE_TIMEOUT); // Private properties. this._callback = callback; this._observationTargets = []; this._queuedEntries = []; this._rootMarginValues = this._parseRootMargin(options.rootMargin); // Public properties. this.thresholds = this._initThresholds(options.threshold); this.root = options.root || null; this.rootMargin = this._rootMarginValues.map(function(margin) { return margin.value + margin.unit; }).join(' '); /** @private @const {!Array<!Document>} */ this._monitoringDocuments = []; /** @private @const {!Array<function()>} */ this._monitoringUnsubscribes = []; } /** * The minimum interval within which the document will be checked for * intersection changes. */ IntersectionObserver.prototype.THROTTLE_TIMEOUT = 100; /** * The frequency in which the polyfill polls for intersection changes. * this can be updated on a per instance basis and must be set prior to * calling `observe` on the first target. */ IntersectionObserver.prototype.POLL_INTERVAL = null; /** * Use a mutation observer on the root element * to detect intersection changes. */ IntersectionObserver.prototype.USE_MUTATION_OBSERVER = true; /** * Sets up the polyfill in the cross-origin mode. The result is the * updater function that accepts two arguments: `boundingClientRect` and * `intersectionRect` - just as these fields would be available to the * parent via `IntersectionObserverEntry`. This function should be called * each time the iframe receives intersection information from the parent * window, e.g. via messaging. * @return {function(DOMRect|ClientRect, DOMRect|ClientRect)} */ IntersectionObserver._setupCrossOriginUpdater = function() { if (!crossOriginUpdater) { /** * @param {DOMRect|ClientRect} boundingClientRect * @param {DOMRect|ClientRect} intersectionRect */ crossOriginUpdater = function(boundingClientRect, intersectionRect) { if (!boundingClientRect || !intersectionRect) { crossOriginRect = getEmptyRect(); } else { crossOriginRect = convertFromParentRect(boundingClientRect, intersectionRect); } registry.forEach(function(observer) { observer._checkForIntersections(); }); }; } return crossOriginUpdater; }; /** * Resets the cross-origin mode. */ IntersectionObserver._resetCrossOriginUpdater = function() { crossOriginUpdater = null; crossOriginRect = null; }; /** * Starts observing a target element for intersection changes based on * the thresholds values. * @param {Element} target The DOM element to observe. */ IntersectionObserver.prototype.observe = function(target) { var isTargetAlreadyObserved = this._observationTargets.some(function(item) { return item.element == target; }); if (isTargetAlreadyObserved) { return; } if (!(target && target.nodeType == 1)) { throw new Error('target must be an Element'); } this._registerInstance(); this._observationTargets.push({element: target, entry: null}); this._monitorIntersections(target.ownerDocument); this._checkForIntersections(); }; /** * Stops observing a target element for intersection changes. * @param {Element} target The DOM element to observe. */ IntersectionObserver.prototype.unobserve = function(target) { this._observationTargets = this._observationTargets.filter(function(item) { return item.element != target; }); this._unmonitorIntersections(target.ownerDocument); if (this._observationTargets.length == 0) { this._unregisterInstance(); } }; /** * Stops observing all target elements for intersection changes. */ IntersectionObserver.prototype.disconnect = function() { this._observationTargets = []; this._unmonitorAllIntersections(); this._unregisterInstance(); }; /** * Returns any queue entries that have not yet been reported to the * callback and clears the queue. This can be used in conjunction with the * callback to obtain the absolute most up-to-date intersection information. * @return {Array} The currently queued entries. */ IntersectionObserver.prototype.takeRecords = function() { var records = this._queuedEntries.slice(); this._queuedEntries = []; return records; }; /** * Accepts the threshold value from the user configuration object and * returns a sorted array of unique threshold values. If a value is not * between 0 and 1 and error is thrown. * @private * @param {Array|number=} opt_threshold An optional threshold value or * a list of threshold values, defaulting to [0]. * @return {Array} A sorted list of unique and valid threshold values. */ IntersectionObserver.prototype._initThresholds = function(opt_threshold) { var threshold = opt_threshold || [0]; if (!Array.isArray(threshold)) threshold = [threshold]; return threshold.sort().filter(function(t, i, a) { if (typeof t != 'number' || isNaN(t) || t < 0 || t > 1) { throw new Error('threshold must be a number between 0 and 1 inclusively'); } return t !== a[i - 1]; }); }; /** * Accepts the rootMargin value from the user configuration object * and returns an array of the four margin values as an object containing * the value and unit properties. If any of the values are not properly * formatted or use a unit other than px or %, and error is thrown. * @private * @param {string=} opt_rootMargin An optional rootMargin value, * defaulting to '0px'. * @return {Array<Object>} An array of margin objects with the keys * value and unit. */ IntersectionObserver.prototype._parseRootMargin = function(opt_rootMargin) { var marginString = opt_rootMargin || '0px'; var margins = marginString.split(/\s+/).map(function(margin) { var parts = /^(-?\d*\.?\d+)(px|%)$/.exec(margin); if (!parts) { throw new Error('rootMargin must be specified in pixels or percent'); } return {value: parseFloat(parts[1]), unit: parts[2]}; }); // Handles shorthand. margins[1] = margins[1] || margins[0]; margins[2] = margins[2] || margins[0]; margins[3] = margins[3] || margins[1]; return margins; }; /** * Starts polling for intersection changes if the polling is not already * happening, and if the page's visibility state is visible. * @param {!Document} doc * @private */ IntersectionObserver.prototype._monitorIntersections = function(doc) { var win = doc.defaultView; if (!win) { // Already destroyed. return; } if (this._monitoringDocuments.indexOf(doc) != -1) { // Already monitoring. return; } // Private state for monitoring. var callback = this._checkForIntersections; var monitoringInterval = null; var domObserver = null; // If a poll interval is set, use polling instead of listening to // resize and scroll events or DOM mutations. if (this.POLL_INTERVAL) { monitoringInterval = win.setInterval(callback, this.POLL_INTERVAL); } else { addEvent(win, 'resize', callback, true); addEvent(doc, 'scroll', callback, true); if (this.USE_MUTATION_OBSERVER && 'MutationObserver' in win) { domObserver = new win.MutationObserver(callback); domObserver.observe(doc, { attributes: true, childList: true, characterData: true, subtree: true }); } } this._monitoringDocuments.push(doc); this._monitoringUnsubscribes.push(function() { // Get the window object again. When a friendly iframe is destroyed, it // will be null. var win = doc.defaultView; if (win) { if (monitoringInterval) { win.clearInterval(monitoringInterval); } removeEvent(win, 'resize', callback, true); } removeEvent(doc, 'scroll', callback, true); if (domObserver) { domObserver.disconnect(); } }); // Also monitor the parent. var rootDoc = (this.root && (this.root.ownerDocument || this.root)) || document; if (doc != rootDoc) { var frame = getFrameElement(doc); if (frame) { this._monitorIntersections(frame.ownerDocument); } } }; /** * Stops polling for intersection changes. * @param {!Document} doc * @private */ IntersectionObserver.prototype._unmonitorIntersections = function(doc) { var index = this._monitoringDocuments.indexOf(doc); if (index == -1) { return; } var rootDoc = (this.root && (this.root.ownerDocument || this.root)) || document; // Check if any dependent targets are still remaining. var hasDependentTargets = this._observationTargets.some(function(item) { var itemDoc = item.element.ownerDocument; // Target is in this context. if (itemDoc == doc) { return true; } // Target is nested in this context. while (itemDoc && itemDoc != rootDoc) { var frame = getFrameElement(itemDoc); itemDoc = frame && frame.ownerDocument; if (itemDoc == doc) { return true; } } return false; }); if (hasDependentTargets) { return; } // Unsubscribe. var unsubscribe = this._monitoringUnsubscribes[index]; this._monitoringDocuments.splice(index, 1); this._monitoringUnsubscribes.splice(index, 1); unsubscribe(); // Also unmonitor the parent. if (doc != rootDoc) { var frame = getFrameElement(doc); if (frame) { this._unmonitorIntersections(frame.ownerDocument); } } }; /** * Stops polling for intersection changes. * @param {!Document} doc * @private */ IntersectionObserver.prototype._unmonitorAllIntersections = function() { var unsubscribes = this._monitoringUnsubscribes.slice(0); this._monitoringDocuments.length = 0; this._monitoringUnsubscribes.length = 0; for (var i = 0; i < unsubscribes.length; i++) { unsubscribes[i](); } }; /** * Scans each observation target for intersection changes and adds them * to the internal entries queue. If new entries are found, it * schedules the callback to be invoked. * @private */ IntersectionObserver.prototype._checkForIntersections = function() { if (!this.root && crossOriginUpdater && !crossOriginRect) { // Cross origin monitoring, but no initial data available yet. return; } var rootIsInDom = this._rootIsInDom(); var rootRect = rootIsInDom ? this._getRootRect() : getEmptyRect(); this._observationTargets.forEach(function(item) { var target = item.element; var targetRect = getBoundingClientRect(target); var rootContainsTarget = this._rootContainsTarget(target); var oldEntry = item.entry; var intersectionRect = rootIsInDom && rootContainsTarget && this._computeTargetAndRootIntersection(target, targetRect, rootRect); var rootBounds = null; if (!this._rootContainsTarget(target)) { rootBounds = getEmptyRect(); } else if (!crossOriginUpdater || this.root) { rootBounds = rootRect; } var newEntry = item.entry = new IntersectionObserverEntry({ time: now(), target: target, boundingClientRect: targetRect, rootBounds: rootBounds, intersectionRect: intersectionRect }); if (!oldEntry) { this._queuedEntries.push(newEntry); } else if (rootIsInDom && rootContainsTarget) { // If the new entry intersection ratio has crossed any of the // thresholds, add a new entry. if (this._hasCrossedThreshold(oldEntry, newEntry)) { this._queuedEntries.push(newEntry); } } else { // If the root is not in the DOM or target is not contained within // root but the previous entry for this target had an intersection, // add a new record indicating removal. if (oldEntry && oldEntry.isIntersecting) { this._queuedEntries.push(newEntry); } } }, this); if (this._queuedEntries.length) { this._callback(this.takeRecords(), this); } }; /** * Accepts a target and root rect computes the intersection between then * following the algorithm in the spec. * TODO(philipwalton): at this time clip-path is not considered. * https://w3c.github.io/IntersectionObserver/#calculate-intersection-rect-algo * @param {Element} target The target DOM element * @param {Object} targetRect The bounding rect of the target. * @param {Object} rootRect The bounding rect of the root after being * expanded by the rootMargin value. * @return {?Object} The final intersection rect object or undefined if no * intersection is found. * @private */ IntersectionObserver.prototype._computeTargetAndRootIntersection = function(target, targetRect, rootRect) { // If the element isn't displayed, an intersection can't happen. if (window.getComputedStyle(target).display == 'none') return; var intersectionRect = targetRect; var parent = getParentNode(target); var atRoot = false; while (!atRoot && parent) { var parentRect = null; var parentComputedStyle = parent.nodeType == 1 ? window.getComputedStyle(parent) : {}; // If the parent isn't displayed, an intersection can't happen. if (parentComputedStyle.display == 'none') return null; if (parent == this.root || parent.nodeType == /* DOCUMENT */ 9) { atRoot = true; if (parent == this.root || parent == document) { if (crossOriginUpdater && !this.root) { if (!crossOriginRect || crossOriginRect.width == 0 && crossOriginRect.height == 0) { // A 0-size cross-origin intersection means no-intersection. parent = null; parentRect = null; intersectionRect = null; } else { parentRect = crossOriginRect; } } else { parentRect = rootRect; } } else { // Check if there's a frame that can be navigated to. var frame = getParentNode(parent); var frameRect = frame && getBoundingClientRect(frame); var frameIntersect = frame && this._computeTargetAndRootIntersection(frame, frameRect, rootRect); if (frameRect && frameIntersect) { parent = frame; parentRect = convertFromParentRect(frameRect, frameIntersect); } else { parent = null; intersectionRect = null; } } } else { // If the element has a non-visible overflow, and it's not the <body> // or <html> element, update the intersection rect. // Note: <body> and <html> cannot be clipped to a rect that's not also // the document rect, so no need to compute a new intersection. var doc = parent.ownerDocument; if (parent != doc.body && parent != doc.documentElement && parentComputedStyle.overflow != 'visible') { parentRect = getBoundingClientRect(parent); } } // If either of the above conditionals set a new parentRect, // calculate new intersection data. if (parentRect) { intersectionRect = computeRectIntersection(parentRect, intersectionRect); } if (!intersectionRect) break; parent = parent && getParentNode(parent); } return intersectionRect; }; /** * Returns the root rect after being expanded by the rootMargin value. * @return {ClientRect} The expanded root rect. * @private */ IntersectionObserver.prototype._getRootRect = function() { var rootRect; if (this.root && !isDoc(this.root)) { rootRect = getBoundingClientRect(this.root); } else { // Use <html>/<body> instead of window since scroll bars affect size. var doc = isDoc(this.root) ? this.root : document; var html = doc.documentElement; var body = doc.body; rootRect = { top: 0, left: 0, right: html.clientWidth || body.clientWidth, width: html.clientWidth || body.clientWidth, bottom: html.clientHeight || body.clientHeight, height: html.clientHeight || body.clientHeight }; } return this._expandRectByRootMargin(rootRect); }; /** * Accepts a rect and expands it by the rootMargin value. * @param {DOMRect|ClientRect} rect The rect object to expand. * @return {ClientRect} The expanded rect. * @private */ IntersectionObserver.prototype._expandRectByRootMargin = function(rect) { var margins = this._rootMarginValues.map(function(margin, i) { return margin.unit == 'px' ? margin.value : margin.value * (i % 2 ? rect.width : rect.height) / 100; }); var newRect = { top: rect.top - margins[0], right: rect.right + margins[1], bottom: rect.bottom + margins[2], left: rect.left - margins[3] }; newRect.width = newRect.right - newRect.left; newRect.height = newRect.bottom - newRect.top; return newRect; }; /** * Accepts an old and new entry and returns true if at least one of the * threshold values has been crossed. * @param {?IntersectionObserverEntry} oldEntry The previous entry for a * particular target element or null if no previous entry exists. * @param {IntersectionObserverEntry} newEntry The current entry for a * particular target element. * @return {boolean} Returns true if a any threshold has been crossed. * @private */ IntersectionObserver.prototype._hasCrossedThreshold = function(oldEntry, newEntry) { // To make comparing easier, an entry that has a ratio of 0 // but does not actually intersect is given a value of -1 var oldRatio = oldEntry && oldEntry.isIntersecting ? oldEntry.intersectionRatio || 0 : -1; var newRatio = newEntry.isIntersecting ? newEntry.intersectionRatio || 0 : -1; // Ignore unchanged ratios if (oldRatio === newRatio) return; for (var i = 0; i < this.thresholds.length; i++) { var threshold = this.thresholds[i]; // Return true if an entry matches a threshold or if the new ratio // and the old ratio are on the opposite sides of a threshold. if (threshold == oldRatio || threshold == newRatio || threshold < oldRatio !== threshold < newRatio) { return true; } } }; /** * Returns whether or not the root element is an element and is in the DOM. * @return {boolean} True if the root element is an element and is in the DOM. * @private */ IntersectionObserver.prototype._rootIsInDom = function() { return !this.root || containsDeep(document, this.root); }; /** * Returns whether or not the target element is a child of root. * @param {Element} target The target element to check. * @return {boolean} True if the target element is a child of root. * @private */ IntersectionObserver.prototype._rootContainsTarget = function(target) { var rootDoc = (this.root && (this.root.ownerDocument || this.root)) || document; return ( containsDeep(rootDoc, target) && (!this.root || rootDoc == target.ownerDocument) ); }; /** * Adds the instance to the global IntersectionObserver registry if it isn't * already present. * @private */ IntersectionObserver.prototype._registerInstance = function() { if (registry.indexOf(this) < 0) { registry.push(this); } }; /** * Removes the instance from the global IntersectionObserver registry. * @private */ IntersectionObserver.prototype._unregisterInstance = function() { var index = registry.indexOf(this); if (index != -1) registry.splice(index, 1); }; /** * Returns the result of the performance.now() method or null in browsers * that don't support the API. * @return {number} The elapsed time since the page was requested. */ function now() { return window.performance && performance.now && performance.now(); } /** * Throttles a function and delays its execution, so it's only called at most * once within a given time period. * @param {Function} fn The function to throttle. * @param {number} timeout The amount of time that must pass before the * function can be called again. * @return {Function} The throttled function. */ function throttle(fn, timeout) { var timer = null; return function () { if (!timer) { timer = setTimeout(function() { fn(); timer = null; }, timeout); } }; } /** * Adds an event handler to a DOM node ensuring cross-browser compatibility. * @param {Node} node The DOM node to add the event handler to. * @param {string} event The event name. * @param {Function} fn The event handler to add. * @param {boolean} opt_useCapture Optionally adds the even to the capture * phase. Note: this only works in modern browsers. */ function addEvent(node, event, fn, opt_useCapture) { if (typeof node.addEventListener == 'function') { node.addEventListener(event, fn, opt_useCapture || false); } else if (typeof node.attachEvent == 'function') { node.attachEvent('on' + event, fn); } } /** * Removes a previously added event handler from a DOM node. * @param {Node} node The DOM node to remove the event handler from. * @param {string} event The event name. * @param {Function} fn The event handler to remove. * @param {boolean} opt_useCapture If the event handler was added with this * flag set to true, it should be set to true here in order to remove it. */ function removeEvent(node, event, fn, opt_useCapture) { if (typeof node.removeEventListener == 'function') { node.removeEventListener(event, fn, opt_useCapture || false); } else if (typeof node.detatchEvent == 'function') { node.detatchEvent('on' + event, fn); } } /** * Returns the intersection between two rect objects. * @param {Object} rect1 The first rect. * @param {Object} rect2 The second rect. * @return {?Object|?ClientRect} The intersection rect or undefined if no * intersection is found. */ function computeRectIntersection(rect1, rect2) { var top = Math.max(rect1.top, rect2.top); var bottom = Math.min(rect1.bottom, rect2.bottom); var left = Math.max(rect1.left, rect2.left); var right = Math.min(rect1.right, rect2.right); var width = right - left; var height = bottom - top; return (width >= 0 && height >= 0) && { top: top, bottom: bottom, left: left, right: right, width: width, height: height } || null; } /** * Shims the native getBoundingClientRect for compatibility with older IE. * @param {Element} el The element whose bounding rect to get. * @return {DOMRect|ClientRect} The (possibly shimmed) rect of the element. */ function getBoundingClientRect(el) { var rect; try { rect = el.getBoundingClientRect(); } catch (err) { // Ignore Windows 7 IE11 "Unspecified error" // https://github.com/w3c/IntersectionObserver/pull/205 } if (!rect) return getEmptyRect(); // Older IE if (!(rect.width && rect.height)) { rect = { top: rect.top, right: rect.right, bottom: rect.bottom, left: rect.left, width: rect.right - rect.left, height: rect.bottom - rect.top }; } return rect; } /** * Returns an empty rect object. An empty rect is returned when an element * is not in the DOM. * @return {ClientRect} The empty rect. */ function getEmptyRect() { return { top: 0, bottom: 0, left: 0, right: 0, width: 0, height: 0 }; } /** * Ensure that the result has all of the necessary fields of the DOMRect. * Specifically this ensures that `x` and `y` fields are set. * * @param {?DOMRect|?ClientRect} rect * @return {?DOMRect} */ function ensureDOMRect(rect) { // A `DOMRect` object has `x` and `y` fields. if (!rect || 'x' in rect) { return rect; } // A IE's `ClientRect` type does not have `x` and `y`. The same is the case // for internally calculated Rect objects. For the purposes of // `IntersectionObserver`, it's sufficient to simply mirror `left` and `top` // for these fields. return { top: rect.top, y: rect.top, bottom: rect.bottom, left: rect.left, x: rect.left, right: rect.right, width: rect.width, height: rect.height }; } /** * Inverts the intersection and bounding rect from the parent (frame) BCR to * the local BCR space. * @param {DOMRect|ClientRect} parentBoundingRect The parent's bound client rect. * @param {DOMRect|ClientRect} parentIntersectionRect The parent's own intersection rect. * @return {ClientRect} The local root bounding rect for the parent's children. */ function convertFromParentRect(parentBoundingRect, parentIntersectionRect) { var top = parentIntersectionRect.top - parentBoundingRect.top; var left = parentIntersectionRect.left - parentBoundingRect.left; return { top: top, left: left, height: parentIntersectionRect.height, width: parentIntersectionRect.width, bottom: top + parentIntersectionRect.height, right: left + 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class="kBoxContent"><ul><li><span>à</span></li><li><span>á</span></li><li><span>â</span></li><li><span>ä</span></li><li><span>ã</span></li><li><span>ă</span></li><li><span>ā</span></li><li><span>ç</span></li><li><span>č</span></li><li><span>è</span></li><li><span>é</span></li><li><span>ê</span></li><li><span>ë</span></li><li><span>ē</span></li><li><span>ģ</span></li><li><span>ì</span></li><li><span>í</span></li><li><span>î</span></li><li><span>ï</span></li><li><span>ī</span></li><li><span>ķ</span></li><li><span>ļ</span></li><li><span>ñ</span></li><li><span>ň</span></li><li><span>ņ</span></li><li><span>ò</span></li><li><span>ó</span></li><li><span>ô</span></li><li><span>ö</span></li><li><span>õ</span></li><li><span>ş</span></li><li><span>š</span></li><li><span>ţ</span></li><li><span>ù</span></li><li><span>ú</span></li><li><span>û</span></li><li><span>ü</span></li><li><span>ū</span></li><li><span>ý</span></li><li><span>ž</span></li><li><span>æ</span></li><li><span>œ</span></li><li><span>ß</span></li></ul><i 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23.646h-3.431v-10.316h3.431v10.316m-1.716-11.726h-.022c-1.151 0-1.895-.793-1.895-1.783 0-1.012.768-1.783 1.939-1.783 1.174 0 1.896.771 1.918 1.783 0 .99-.744 1.783-1.94 1.783m14.08 11.726h-3.43v-5.52c0-1.387-.496-2.333-1.738-2.333-.946 0-1.512.64-1.76 1.255-.091.221-.113.525-.113.836v5.762h-3.429c0 0 .044-9.349 0-10.316h3.429v1.461c.457-.705 1.271-1.703 3.092-1.703 2.256 0 3.949 1.473 3.949 4.642v5.916"/></g></svg></i></a></li> </ul></div> <h2 class="hwg"><span class="hw" data-headword-id="thunder" id="m_en_gbus1051410">thunder<sup></sup></span></h2><div class="hwg"><div class="entryGroup" id="h70253011245620"><h3 class="pronunciations">Pronunciation <a class="ipaLink" href="/web/20211123142411/https://www.lexico.com/grammar/key-to-pronunciation" title="Key to pronunciations"></a><span class="phoneticspelling">/ˈθʌndə/</span> <a class="speaker" onclick="this.firstElementChild.play();"><audio src="https://web.archive.org/web/20211123142411im_/https://lex-audio.useremarkable.com/mp3/thunder__gb_1.mp3" preload="none"></audio></a></h3></div></div><a data-behaviour="ga-event-synonyms" data-value="view synonyms" href="/web/20211123142411/https://www.lexico.com/synonyms/thunder">See synonyms for thunder</a><p class="associatedTranslation">Translate <a href="/web/20211123142411/https://www.lexico.com/en-es/translate/thunder">thunder</a> into Spanish</p></header></div><section class="gramb"><h3 class="ps pos"><span class="pos">noun</span></h3><span class="grammatical_note countability">mass noun</span><span class="transitivity"></span><ul class="semb"><li><div class="trg"><div class="sense-inflection"></div><p><span class="iteration">1</span><span class="ind one-click-content" data-no-definition="["a","loud","rumbling","or","crashing","noise","heard","after","a","lightning","flash","due","to","the","expansion","of","rapidly","heated","air"]" data-behaviour="ga-event-one-click" data-value="Lexical data - en-gb">A loud rumbling or crashing noise heard after a lightning flash due to the expansion of rapidly heated air.</span></p><span class="indicators"></span><div class="exg"><div class="ex"><em><span class=" one-click-content" data-no-definition="["lsquothere","was","a","crash","of","thunderrsquo"]" data-behaviour="ga-event-one-click" data-value="Lexical data - en-gb">‘there was a crash of thunder’</span></em></div></div><div class="examples"><div class="moreInfo"><button data-behaviour="ga-event" data-value="more example sentences">More example sentences</button></div><div class="exg"><ul class="english-ex"><li class="ex"><em>‘thunder rolled through the mountains’</em></li><li class="ex"><em>‘Flash floods with thunder and lightning were rampant at the weekend.’</em></li><li class="ex"><em>‘We hear thunder because lightning heats the air to more than 43,000 degrees, causing the air to quickly expand.’</em></li><li class="ex"><em>‘There were hailstones, rarely heard loud thunder, lightning, strong gusty winds and sheets of rain.’</em></li><li class="ex"><em>‘In Summer, storms with thunder, lightning and hail are quite common, and sometimes even mini-tornadoes are reported!’</em></li><li class="ex"><em>‘Take a dark rainy night, with thunder rolling and lightning flashing and it would be perfect.’</em></li><li class="ex"><em>‘In fact the last hour on the course was played out to the accompaniment of claps of thunder and flashes of lightning, but it stayed dry.’</em></li><li class="ex"><em>‘The wind was now strong and cold, with rain, hail and an occasional flash of lightning and roll of thunder.’</em></li><li class="ex"><em>‘Seers interpreted claps of thunder, lightning flashes or the condition of a sacrificed animal's entrails.’</em></li><li class="ex"><em>‘Why don't hurricanes have much lightning and thunder even though they are made of thunderstorms?’</em></li><li class="ex"><em>‘These clouds often bring thunder and lightning, and can also bring funnel clouds or even tornadoes.’</em></li><li class="ex"><em>‘If you see lightning or hear thunder, head for shelter immediately.’</em></li><li class="ex"><em>‘It started to rain, with flashes of lightning and booms of thunder sounding in the distance.’</em></li><li class="ex"><em>‘A thunderstorm hit us with no warning and we lay soaked, silent and shivering with cold as the lightning and thunder crashed around us.’</em></li><li class="ex"><em>‘Count the seconds between the lightning and the thunder, each second represents 300 m distance from the thunderstorm.’</em></li><li class="ex"><em>‘The lighting flashed continuously and rumbling thunder followed.’</em></li><li class="ex"><em>‘Begin your turnaround when you hear thunder (which means lightning is one to ten miles away).’</em></li><li class="ex"><em>‘I ran out of the shop and as I did so there was a loud clap of thunder and a flash of lightning.’</em></li><li class="ex"><em>‘With no warning or dimming of lights, the Stanley Theatre suddenly shook with loud thunder and lightning.’</em></li><li class="ex"><em>‘Lightning finally flashed and seconds after thunder boomed.’</em></li><li class="ex"><em>‘We had driving snow, with flashes of blue lightning and rolling thunder.’</em></li></ul></div></div><div class="synonyms"><div class="moreInfo"><button data-behaviour="ga-event-synonyms" data-value="expand/collapse">Synonyms</button></div><div class="exg"><div><strong class="syn">thunderclap</strong><span class="syn">, thunder crack, thunder roll, roll of thunder, peal of thunder, rumble of thunder, crack of thunder, crash of thunder, rumbling, crashing, roar</span></div><a data-behaviour="ga-event-synonyms" data-value="view synonyms" href="/web/20211123142411/https://www.lexico.com/synonyms/thunder">View synonyms</a></div></div><ol class="subSenses"><li class="subSense"><span class="subsenseIteration">1.1</span><span class="ind one-click-content" data-no-definition="["a","loud","deep","resounding","noise"]" data-behaviour="ga-event-one-click" data-value="Lexical data - en-gb">A loud, deep resounding noise.</span><div class="trg"></div><div class="exg"><div class="ex"><em><span class=" one-click-content" data-no-definition="["lsquoyou","can","hear","the","thunder","of","the","falls","in","the","distancersquo"]" data-behaviour="ga-event-one-click" data-value="Lexical data - en-gb">‘you can hear the thunder of the falls in the distance’</span></em></div></div><div class="examples"><div class="moreInfo"><button data-behaviour="ga-event" data-value="more example sentences">More example sentences</button></div><div class="exg"><ul class="english-ex"><li class="ex"><em>‘A faint, high pitched whine grew and began to pulse through the ship, a counterpoint to the deeper thunder of the turbines.’</em></li><li class="ex"><em>‘Interspersed with this was the terrifying thunder of planes and the blast of the bombs.’</em></li><li class="ex"><em>‘The thunder of the drums rang out around Newbridge town centre on Friday night, sounding the start of Bealtaine, the town s annual arts festival.’</em></li><li class="ex"><em>‘We could not talk above the roaring thunder of machines making material.’</em></li><li class="ex"><em>‘It is an astonishing sound: not so much the roar of dirty thunder as the luminous thrum of precision engineering yielding to the control of an expert driver.’</em></li><li class="ex"><em>‘Was that Anton Karas's haunting zither film score I sensed above the low thunder of water.’</em></li><li class="ex"><em>‘Near the fall, our voices are lost in its thunder, blown away by the cool wind it makes.’</em></li></ul></div></div><div class="synonyms"><div class="moreInfo"><button data-behaviour="ga-event-synonyms" data-value="expand/collapse">Synonyms</button></div><div class="exg"><div><strong class="syn">rumble</strong><span class="syn">, rumbling, boom, booming, roar, roaring, pounding, thud, thudding, thump, thumping, crash, crashing, bang, banging, ring, ringing, grumble, growl, resounding, reverberation, echo</span></div><div><strong class="syn">rumble</strong><span class="syn">, boom, roar, blast, pound, thud, thump, bang, ring, grumble, growl, resound, reverberate, echo, beat</span></div><a data-behaviour="ga-event-synonyms" data-value="view synonyms" href="/web/20211123142411/https://www.lexico.com/synonyms/thunder">View synonyms</a></div></div></li><li class="subSense"><span class="subsenseIteration">1.2</span><span class="ind one-click-content" data-no-definition="["used","to","refer","to","an","angry","facial","expression","or","tone","of","voice"]" data-behaviour="ga-event-one-click" data-value="Lexical data - en-gb">Used to refer to an angry facial expression or tone of voice.</span><div class="trg"></div><div class="exg"><div class="ex"><em><span class=" one-click-content" data-no-definition="["lsquoi","am","brother","joachim","he","announced","in","a","voice","like","thunderrsquo"]" data-behaviour="ga-event-one-click" data-value="Lexical data - en-gb">‘‘I am Brother Joachim,’ he announced in a voice like thunder’</span></em></div></div><div class="examples"><div class="moreInfo"><button data-behaviour="ga-event" data-value="more example sentences">More example sentences</button></div><div class="exg"><ul class="english-ex"><li class="ex"><em>‘No wonder he looks almost orgasmic as he says in a voice of thunder, ‘I have the powerrrrr!’’</em></li><li class="ex"><em>‘God speaks to you in this book as much as if he came to the top of Sinai and lifted up his voice with thunder…’</em></li><li class="ex"><em>‘With a voice oscillating between organ-like thunder and strangled quietness, Gambon brings out Hamm's terminal desperation.’</em></li><li class="ex"><em>‘Her voice was thunder, her breath clouds, her tears rain.’</em></li><li class="ex"><em>‘The building rang with a tremendous shout, and another, and another, and then it echoed deep loud groans that gathered strength as they swelled out, like angry thunder.’</em></li><li class="ex"><em>‘"Out," he said, his voice sounding like rolling thunder.’</em></li><li class="ex"><em>‘The thunder of angry critics everywhere began to resonate.’</em></li><li class="ex"><em>‘Jenny shouted with a voice of thunder that shook the air in a composed earthquake.’</em></li><li class="ex"><em>‘Is he deaf to the unceasing thunder of millions upon millions of voices in the streets of the world declaring peace on war?’</em></li><li class="ex"><em>‘His mother's voice rang out through the room like cracking thunder.’</em></li><li class="ex"><em>‘Malcolm's voice was like a clap of thunder, startling everyone at the table.’</em></li><li class="ex"><em>‘Hear the thunder in his voice while his tongue is on fire, see him blush with every word - for his heart is a liar.’</em></li><li class="ex"><em>‘All I saw were more people, their faces filled with hate, their voices rising to a furious thunder.’</em></li><li class="ex"><em>‘So, as the righteous thunder continues to rumble from American leaders, the issue of weapons inspections is habitually skewed.’</em></li></ul></div></div></li><li class="subSense"><span class="subsenseIteration">1.3</span><span class="sense-registers"> dated </span><span class="grammatical_note">as exclamation</span> <span class="ind one-click-content" data-no-definition="["used","to","express","emphasis","anger","or","incredulity"]" data-behaviour="ga-event-one-click" data-value="Lexical data - en-gb">Used to express emphasis, anger, or incredulity.</span><div class="trg"></div><div class="examples"><div class="moreInfo"><button data-behaviour="ga-event" data-value="more example sentences">More example sentences</button></div><div class="exg"><ul class="english-ex"><li class="ex"><em>‘none of this did the remotest good, but, by thunder, it kept the union activists feeling good’</em></li></ul></div></div></li></ol></div></li></ul></section><section class="gramb"><h3 class="ps pos"><span class="pos">verb</span></h3><span class="transitivity"><span class="neutral">[</span>no object<span class="neutral">]</span></span><ul class="semb"><li><div class="trg"><div class="sense-inflection"></div><p><span class="iteration">1</span><span class="form-groups"><strong>it thunders, it is thundering</strong>, etc.</span><span class="ind one-click-content" data-no-definition="["thunder","sounds"]" data-behaviour="ga-event-one-click" data-value="Lexical data - en-gb">Thunder sounds.</span></p><span class="indicators"></span><div class="exg"><div class="ex"><em><span class=" one-click-content" data-no-definition="["lsquoit","began","to","thunderrsquo"]" data-behaviour="ga-event-one-click" data-value="Lexical data - en-gb">‘it began to thunder’</span></em></div></div><div class="examples"><div class="moreInfo"><button data-behaviour="ga-event" data-value="more example sentences">More example sentences</button></div><div class="exg"><ul class="english-ex"><li class="ex"><em>‘A correspondent with two Spaniels, for example, claimed that his dogs always know when it is thundering and lightning outside.’</em></li><li class="ex"><em>‘When you hear it thunder, don't run under a tree.’</em></li><li class="ex"><em>‘It was thundering and lightning all day, which is scary when you are using metal poles.’</em></li><li class="ex"><em>‘It is thundering here now and the whole building shakes.’</em></li><li class="ex"><em>‘It's not only raining, it's thundering, which is unusual for November.’</em></li></ul></div></div><ol class="subSenses"><li class="subSense"><span class="subsenseIteration">1.1</span><span class="ind one-click-content" data-no-definition="["make","a","loud","deep","resounding","noise"]" data-behaviour="ga-event-one-click" data-value="Lexical data - en-gb">Make a loud, deep resounding noise.</span><div class="trg"></div><div class="exg"><div class="ex"><em><span class=" one-click-content" data-no-definition="["lsquothe","motorcycle","thundered","into","lifersquo"]" data-behaviour="ga-event-one-click" data-value="Lexical data - en-gb">‘the motorcycle thundered into life’</span></em></div></div><div class="examples"><div class="moreInfo"><button data-behaviour="ga-event" data-value="more example sentences">More example sentences</button></div><div class="exg"><ul class="english-ex"><li class="ex"><em>‘the train thundered through the night’</em></li><li class="ex"><em>‘The news on the TV screen had a surge of static and a loud noise simultaneously thundered throughout the colony.’</em></li><li class="ex"><em>‘She is distracted by the splintering noises thundering in her ears.’</em></li><li class="ex"><em>‘A sudden flash and a deep rumble thundered across the heaven.’</em></li><li class="ex"><em>‘Then up went the window and out went the bundle as the train thundered through the night.’</em></li><li class="ex"><em>‘His heartbeat seemed to thunder in his ears with excitement.’</em></li><li class="ex"><em>‘The pounding of the feet thunders so loud in the boy's ears that he can't even hear the desperate panting of his own lungs.’</em></li><li class="ex"><em>‘Deep growls and explosions thundered through the air as clouds of black volcanic ash coated the surroundings.’</em></li><li class="ex"><em>‘As Ralph Waldo Emerson wrote, ‘What you are stands over you the while and thunders so loud that I cannot hear what you say.’’</em></li><li class="ex"><em>‘The sound of a thousand horse hooves thundering through the streets resounded through the old building.’</em></li><li class="ex"><em>‘The noise level recorded reached 65 decibels - the equivalent of a train thundering past.’</em></li><li class="ex"><em>‘‘Look at that; it's a 66,’ he enthuses as a freight train thunders through.’</em></li><li class="ex"><em>‘Heart ablaze and head blowing clouds of smoke, the mail train thundered into the platform and ground to a halt.’</em></li><li class="ex"><em>‘She accepted the crown and the crowd erupted in a loud thundering applause.’</em></li><li class="ex"><em>‘Her temples were throbbing; she could hear her heartbeats thundering against her eardrums.’</em></li><li class="ex"><em>‘In this case that's the Midland mainline whose modern bridges sprawl across the canal, blotting out the sky as the occasional train thunders overhead.’</em></li><li class="ex"><em>‘Sitting track-side we were amazed at the number of passenger and especially freight trains that thundered past.’</em></li><li class="ex"><em>‘The train thundered past him, obliterating his view of his past.’</em></li><li class="ex"><em>‘He lifts his horn and they all begin to thunder across the plain sounding their calls.’</em></li><li class="ex"><em>‘We ran for the exit, the sound of feet thundering behind us.’</em></li><li class="ex"><em>‘Our river is well up now, about twice as wide as usual and it is thundering over the weir.’</em></li></ul></div></div><div class="synonyms"><div class="moreInfo"><button data-behaviour="ga-event-synonyms" data-value="expand/collapse">Synonyms</button></div><div class="exg"><div><strong class="syn">echo</strong><span class="syn">, re-echo, reverberate, ring out, fill the air, boom, peal, thunder, rumble</span></div><a data-behaviour="ga-event-synonyms" data-value="view synonyms" href="/web/20211123142411/https://www.lexico.com/synonyms/thunder">View synonyms</a></div></div></li><li class="subSense"><span class="subsenseIteration">1.2</span><span class="grammatical_note">with object and adverbial of direction</span> <span class="ind one-click-content" data-no-definition="["strike","powerfully"]" data-behaviour="ga-event-one-click" data-value="Lexical data - en-gb">Strike powerfully.</span><div class="trg"></div><div class="exg"><div class="ex"><em><span class=" one-click-content" data-no-definition="["lsquobriggs","thundered","home","a","30-yard","free","kickrsquo"]" data-behaviour="ga-event-one-click" data-value="Lexical data - en-gb">‘Briggs thundered home a 30-yard free kick’</span></em></div></div><div class="examples"><div class="moreInfo"><button data-behaviour="ga-event" data-value="more example sentences">More example sentences</button></div><div class="exg"><ul class="english-ex"><li class="ex"><em>‘Pool forced a free-kick and Waite thundered a trademark strike in off the bar.’</em></li><li class="ex"><em>‘Substitute Gary McSwegan thundered a 20-yard drive off the post before arriving seconds later right on cue in the six-yard box turning a low centre past McKenzie.’</em></li><li class="ex"><em>‘Russell shot over in the 61st minute but two minutes later Maurice O'Shea thundered a 35-yard piledriver inches wide.’</em></li><li class="ex"><em>‘Connor Campbell thundered a 25-yard shot against the bar and substitute Michael Sanderson lashed the rebound into the net.’</em></li><li class="ex"><em>‘Selby were unlucky not to go further in front when Jason Harris thundered a 20-yard shot against the underside of the crossbar.’</em></li><li class="ex"><em>‘But late in the game Mark Calcavecchia thundered a 161-yard eight-iron from rough at the 72nd hole to set up a birdie to tie with Norman and Wayne Grady on 275.’</em></li><li class="ex"><em>‘Simon Collins, from ten yards, then thundered the rebound on to the underside of the bar before the ball bounced away.’</em></li><li class="ex"><em>‘Skipper Casey thundered a massive 35-yard free kick off the underside of the Omagh crossbar and from the rebound it was like the Alamo with Reilly and Hoey both failing to force the ball across the line.’</em></li><li class="ex"><em>‘Ashcroft thundered a free-kick from 20 yards against the underside of the bar.’</em></li><li class="ex"><em>‘Casey thundered a shot over the bar while Donal Broughan blasted a good free-kick opportunity high and hopelessly wide.’</em></li><li class="ex"><em>‘Rovers striker Jon Stead hit the post and thundered another good opportunity over the bar before Jason Euell ran on to a Di Canio flick-on to jab the ball past Friedel.’</em></li><li class="ex"><em>‘From the resulting corner Adam Ackroyd headed the ball to the far post and Adam Reed thundered a header from two yards into the top corner only to see his effort headed off the line.’</em></li><li class="ex"><em>‘Toure, with the entire goal at his mercy, thunders the ball against the bar.’</em></li><li class="ex"><em>‘Thierry Henry thunders an unstoppable shot into the top corner of the net.’</em></li></ul></div></div></li></ol></div></li><li><div class="trg"><div class="sense-inflection"></div><p><span class="iteration">2</span><span class="ind one-click-content" data-no-definition="["speak","loudly","and","forcefully","or","angrily","especially","to","denounce","or","criticize"]" data-behaviour="ga-event-one-click" data-value="Lexical data - en-gb">Speak loudly and forcefully or angrily, especially to denounce or criticize.</span></p><span class="indicators"></span><div class="exg"><div class="ex"><em><span class=" one-click-content" data-no-definition="["lsquohe","thundered","against","the","evils","of","the","agersquo"]" data-behaviour="ga-event-one-click" data-value="Lexical data - en-gb">‘he thundered against the evils of the age’</span></em></div></div><div class="examples"><div class="moreInfo"><button data-behaviour="ga-event" data-value="more example sentences">More example sentences</button></div><div class="exg"><ul class="english-ex"><li class="ex"><em>‘‘Sit down!’ thundered Morse with immense authority’</em></li><li class="ex"><em>‘The Herald's editorial thundered against the hot-headed motorists who had caused immense danger in Skipton over the Easter holiday.’</em></li><li class="ex"><em>‘It was from this cathedral that John Knox thundered against the ‘monstrous regiment of women’ in the shape of the beauteous Mary Queen of Scots.’</em></li><li class="ex"><em>‘Local columnists thundered against the failures of central government in Madrid.’</em></li><li class="ex"><em>‘The Times thundered against the Scottish aristo and JP who sided with the rowdies.’</em></li><li class="ex"><em>‘From the columns of The Manchester Guardian Lawrence fulminated against the evils of his time; from the pages of The Skilled Labourer the couple thundered against the evils of the past.’</em></li><li class="ex"><em>‘Solzhenitsyn, we can reasonably assent to Nabokov's formulation, thundered against vicious cruelty.’</em></li><li class="ex"><em>‘From platforms across Europe orators thundered against Montjuic.’</em></li><li class="ex"><em>‘An editorial in the Australian thundered against plans for ‘big government’.’</em></li><li class="ex"><em>‘‘You're not going any where,’ she thundered as loudly as a shrivelled up old woman in a wheelchair could, making me stop dead in my tracks.’</em></li><li class="ex"><em>‘Pope Innocent thundered angrily in letters, specifically forbidding the Crusaders from attacking Zara.’</em></li><li class="ex"><em>‘The emperor's voice thundered angrily through the chamber.’</em></li><li class="ex"><em>‘Michaels barked, pounding out crisp sharp words that so thundered with command that even the untrained and deaf would jump to obey.’</em></li><li class="ex"><em>‘Many Victorian cultural critics thundered that railways dragged deplorable rationalisation and standardisation in their train.’</em></li><li class="ex"><em>‘‘George W Bush has failed the test as commander-in-chief,’ he thundered.’</em></li><li class="ex"><em>‘You murdered an innocent man, the Judges thundered, each word a condemnation.’</em></li><li class="ex"><em>‘‘This is rubbish,’ the Guardian thunders, ‘as Lord Falconer must know perfectly well.’’</em></li><li class="ex"><em>‘I thundered, my voice sounding angrier than I had meant it to.’</em></li><li class="ex"><em>‘No longer could he escape those hands curled up in anger, a loud voice thundering over comforting whispers - his own.’</em></li><li class="ex"><em>‘The male's deep voice thundered in the cavern, and a black pool formed beneath the demons in a large area, and spread outward.’</em></li><li class="ex"><em>‘I'm innocently baffled by the apparent absence of furious debate and thundering editorials on the subject of spycams at 400-yard intervals all over England.’</em></li></ul></div></div><div class="synonyms"><div class="moreInfo"><button data-behaviour="ga-event-synonyms" data-value="expand/collapse">Synonyms</button></div><div class="exg"><div><strong class="syn">protest strongly at</strong><span class="syn">, make a protest against, fulminate against, inveigh against, rail against, rage against, declaim against, remonstrate about, expostulate about, make a fuss about, speak out against, express disapproval of</span></div><div><strong class="syn">roar</strong><span class="syn">, bellow, bark, yell, shout, bawl, howl, cry, clamour, bay, scream, screech</span></div><a data-behaviour="ga-event-synonyms" data-value="view synonyms" href="/web/20211123142411/https://www.lexico.com/synonyms/thunder">View synonyms</a></div></div></div></li></ul></section><section class="etymology etym"><h3><strong>Origin</strong></h3><div class="senseInnerWrapper"><p>Old English thunor (noun), thunrian (verb), of Germanic origin; related to Dutch donder and German Donner (noun), from an Indo-European root shared by Latin tonare ‘to thunder’.</p></div></section></div></div></div><aside class="sideBanner"><div class="sideBannerWrap"><aside class="banner adUnit"><div id="lexi_serp_dkt_atf_160x600_1"></div><div id=""></div></aside></div></aside><aside id="sidebar" class="sidebar extend"><div class="sidebar-content"><aside class="banbox-mini ad-placeholder" id="top_right_rail"><div class="banner adUnit"><div id="lexi_serp_dkt_btf_300x250_20"></div><div id=""></div></div></aside><div class="dayword"><section><div class="daywordmain"><span class="wotd-title">Word of the day</span><div class="word_spacer"></div><div><div><strong><a 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