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[{"id":184663,"link":"http://victorpickard.com","name":"Homepage","link_domain":"victorpickard.com","icon":"//www.google.com/s2/u/0/favicons?domain=victorpickard.com"}]</script><div id="js-react-on-rails-context" style="display:none" data-rails-context="{"inMailer":false,"i18nLocale":"en","i18nDefaultLocale":"en","href":"https://upenn.academia.edu/VictorPickard","location":"/VictorPickard","scheme":"https","host":"upenn.academia.edu","port":null,"pathname":"/VictorPickard","search":null,"httpAcceptLanguage":null,"serverSide":false}"></div> <div class="js-react-on-rails-component" style="display:none" data-component-name="ProfileCheckPaperUpdate" data-props="{}" data-trace="false" data-dom-id="ProfileCheckPaperUpdate-react-component-9f3642c1-2431-4c0f-b725-22242c7631ed"></div> <div id="ProfileCheckPaperUpdate-react-component-9f3642c1-2431-4c0f-b725-22242c7631ed"></div> <div class="DesignSystem"><div class="onsite-ping" id="onsite-ping"></div></div><div class="profile-user-info DesignSystem"><div class="social-profile-container"><div class="left-panel-container"><div class="user-info-component-wrapper"><div class="user-summary-cta-container"><div class="user-summary-container"><div class="social-profile-avatar-container"><img class="profile-avatar u-positionAbsolute" alt="Victor Pickard" border="0" onerror="if (this.src != '//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png') this.src = '//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png';" width="200" height="200" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/251508/2254604/22955663/s200_victor.pickard.jpg" /></div><div class="title-container"><h1 class="ds2-5-heading-sans-serif-sm">Victor Pickard</h1><div class="affiliations-container fake-truncate js-profile-affiliations"><div><a class="u-tcGrayDarker" href="https://upenn.academia.edu/">University of Pennsylvania</a>, <a class="u-tcGrayDarker" href="https://upenn.academia.edu/Departments/The_Annenberg_School_for_Communication/Documents">The Annenberg School for Communication</a>, <span class="u-tcGrayDarker">Faculty Member</span></div></div></div></div><div class="sidebar-cta-container"><button class="ds2-5-button hidden profile-cta-button grow js-profile-follow-button" data-broccoli-component="user-info.follow-button" data-click-track="profile-user-info-follow-button" data-follow-user-fname="Victor" data-follow-user-id="251508" data-follow-user-source="profile_button" data-has-google="false"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">add</span>Follow</button><button class="ds2-5-button hidden profile-cta-button grow js-profile-unfollow-button" data-broccoli-component="user-info.unfollow-button" data-click-track="profile-user-info-unfollow-button" data-unfollow-user-id="251508"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">done</span>Following</button></div></div><div class="user-stats-container"><a><div class="stat-container js-profile-followers"><p class="label">Followers</p><p class="data">3,923</p></div></a><a><div class="stat-container js-profile-followees" data-broccoli-component="user-info.followees-count" data-click-track="profile-expand-user-info-following"><p class="label">Following</p><p class="data">560</p></div></a><a><div class="stat-container js-profile-coauthors" data-broccoli-component="user-info.coauthors-count" data-click-track="profile-expand-user-info-coauthors"><p class="label">Co-authors</p><p class="data">14</p></div></a><div class="js-mentions-count-container" style="display: none;"><a href="/VictorPickard/mentions"><div class="stat-container"><p class="label">Mentions</p><p class="data"></p></div></a></div><span><div class="stat-container"><p class="label"><span class="js-profile-total-view-text">Public Views</span></p><p class="data"><span class="js-profile-view-count"></span></p></div></span></div><div class="user-bio-container"><div class="profile-bio fake-truncate js-profile-about" style="margin: 0px;">Victor Pickard is the C. Edwin Baker Professor of Media Policy and Political Economy at the Annenberg School for Communication, where he co-directs the Media, Inequality & Change Center. His research focuses on the history of media institutions, media activism, and the politics and normative foundations of journalism and media policy. Previously he taught at NYU and the University of Virginia and has held visiting appointments at Cornell, Goldsmiths, and LSE. He also worked on media policy in Washington, D.C. as a Senior Research Fellow at the media reform organization Free Press and the think tank New America, and as a Policy Fellow for Congresswoman Diane Watson. Pickard has published over 100 book chapters, articles, and essays in leading scholarly journals and anthologies. He also has written or edited six books, including, most recently, Democracy Without Journalism?: Confronting the Misinformation Society (Oxford University Press). <br /><br />Follow him on twitter @VWPickard<br /><div class="js-profile-less-about u-linkUnstyled u-tcGrayDarker u-textDecorationUnderline u-displayNone">less</div></div></div><div class="suggested-academics-container"><div class="suggested-academics--header"><p class="ds2-5-body-md-bold">Related Authors</p></div><ul class="suggested-user-card-list"><div class="suggested-user-card"><div class="suggested-user-card__avatar social-profile-avatar-container"><a href="https://csusb.academia.edu/ThomasCorrigan"><img class="profile-avatar u-positionAbsolute" alt="Thomas F Corrigan" border="0" onerror="if (this.src != '//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png') this.src = '//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png';" width="200" height="200" 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role="tab" style="border: none;"><span>8</span> Teaching Documents</a></li><li role="presentation"><a data-click-track="profile-works-tab" data-section-name="Reference-Articles-and-Short-Chapters" data-toggle="tab" href="#referencearticlesandshortchapters" role="tab" style="border: none;"><span>5</span> Reference Articles and Short Chapters</a></li><li role="presentation"><a data-click-track="profile-works-tab" data-section-name="White-Papers-and-Policy-Reports" data-toggle="tab" href="#whitepapersandpolicyreports" role="tab" style="border: none;"><span>2</span> White Papers and Policy Reports</a></li><li role="presentation"><a data-click-track="profile-works-tab" data-section-name="Interviews" data-toggle="tab" href="#interviews" role="tab" style="border: none;"><span>14</span> Interviews</a></li><li role="presentation"><a data-click-track="profile-works-tab" data-section-name="Op-eds-and-Magazine-Articles" data-toggle="tab" href="#opedsandmagazinearticles" role="tab" style="border: none;"><span>42</span> Op-eds and Magazine Articles</a></li><li role="presentation"><a data-click-track="profile-works-tab" data-section-name="Papers" data-toggle="tab" href="#papers" role="tab" style="border: none;"><span>5</span> Papers</a></li><li role="presentation"><a data-click-track="profile-works-tab" data-section-name="Bibliographies" data-toggle="tab" href="#bibliographies" role="tab" style="border: none;"><span>3</span> Bibliographies</a></li><li role="presentation"><a data-click-track="profile-works-tab" data-section-name="Edited-Journal-Issue" data-toggle="tab" href="#editedjournalissue" role="tab" style="border: none;"><span>1</span> Edited Journal Issue</a></li><li role="presentation"><a data-click-track="profile-works-tab" data-section-name="Book-Reviews" data-toggle="tab" href="#bookreviews" role="tab" style="border: none;"><span>1</span> Book Reviews</a></li><li role="presentation"><a data-click-track="profile-works-tab" data-section-name="Reports" data-toggle="tab" href="#reports" role="tab" style="border: none;"><span>2</span> Reports</a></li></ul></li></ul></div><div class="divider ds-divider-16" style="margin: 0px;"></div><div class="documents-container backbone-social-profile-documents" style="width: 100%;"><div class="u-taCenter"></div><div class="profile--tab_content_container js-tab-pane tab-pane active" id="all"><div class="profile--tab_heading_container js-section-heading" data-section="Books" id="Books"><h3 class="profile--tab_heading_container">Books by Victor Pickard</h3></div><div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="41001035"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/41001035/Democracy_without_Journalism_Flyer"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Democracy without Journalism Flyer" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/61282226/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/41001035/Democracy_without_Journalism_Flyer">Democracy without Journalism Flyer</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">In Democracy Without Journalism? Victor Pickard argues that we’re overlooking the core roots of t...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">In Democracy Without Journalism? Victor Pickard argues that we’re overlooking the core roots of the crisis. By uncovering degradations caused by run-amok commercialism, he brings into focus the historical antecedents, market failures, and policy inaction that led to the implosion of commercial journalism and the proliferation of misinformation through both social media and mainstream news. The problem isn’t just the loss of journalism or irresponsibility of Facebook, but the very structure upon which our profit-driven media system is built. The rise of a “misinformation society” is symptomatic of historical and endemic weaknesses in the American media system tracing back to the early commercialization of the press in the 1800s. While professionalization was meant to resolve tensions between journalism’s public service and profit imperatives, Pickard argues that it merely camouflaged deeper structural maladies. Journalism has always been in crisis. The market never supported the levels of journalism—especially local, international, policy, and investigative reporting—that a healthy democracy requires. Today these long-term defects have metastasized.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="d3f5e2d185e5a13221df6acc5c6b0c75" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":61282226,"asset_id":41001035,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/61282226/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="41001035"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="41001035"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 41001035; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="40509694"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/40509694/After_Net_Neutrality_A_New_Deal_for_the_Digital_Age"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of After Net Neutrality: A New Deal for the Digital Age" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/60782073/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/40509694/After_Net_Neutrality_A_New_Deal_for_the_Digital_Age">After Net Neutrality: A New Deal for the Digital Age</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>After Net Neutrality: A New Deal for the Digital Age</span><span>, 2019</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">A provocative analysis of net neutrality and a call to democratize online communication This shor...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">A provocative analysis of net neutrality and a call to democratize online communication This short book is both a primer that explains net neutrality's history and politics, as well as an argument for a more equitable framework for internet regulation. Pickard and Berman assert that we should see access to the internet not as a commodity but as a public good necessary for sustaining democratic society in the twentyfirst century. They aim to reframe the threat to net neutrality as more than a conflict between content providers like Netflix and internet service providers like Comcast-they argue its part of the much wider project to commercialize the public sphere and undermine the free speech essential for democracy. Readers will come away with a better understanding of the key concepts underpinning the net neutrality battle and rallying points for future action to democratize online communication.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="d4aa746bed5571aec6b23afb8b294b78" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":60782073,"asset_id":40509694,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/60782073/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="40509694"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="40509694"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 40509694; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="35580883"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/35580883/_2017_Media_Activism_in_the_Digital_Age"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of (2017) Media Activism in the Digital Age" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/35580883/_2017_Media_Activism_in_the_Digital_Age">(2017) Media Activism in the Digital Age</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://upenn.academia.edu/GuobinYang">Guobin Yang</a> and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://upenn.academia.edu/VictorPickard">Victor Pickard</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">This new edited collection brings together leading scholars and activists to explore how varietie...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">This new edited collection brings together leading scholars and activists to explore how varieties of activism are mediated through communication technologies, how activists deploy strategies for changing the structures of media systems, and how governments and corporations seek to police media activism. From memes to zines, hacktivism to artivism, Media Activism in the Digital Age considers activist practices involving both older kinds of media and newer digital, social, and network-based forms.<br /><br />Victor Pickard and Guobin Yang have assembled essays by leading scholars and activists to provide case studies of feminist, technological, and political interventions during different historical periods and at local, national, and global levels. Looking at the underlying theories, histories, politics, ideologies, tactics, strategies, and aesthetics, the book takes an expansive view of media activism. It explores how varieties of activism are mediated through communication technologies, how activists deploy strategies for changing the structures of media systems, and how governments and corporations seek to police media activism. From memes to zines, hacktivism to artivism, this volume considers activist practices involving both older kinds of media and newer digital, social, and network-based forms.<br /><br />Media Activism in the Digital Age provides a useful cross-section of this growing field for both students and researchers.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="35580883"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="35580883"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 35580883; 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</script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="35185459"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/35185459/Media_Activism_in_the_Digital_Age_Flyer_for_book_"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Media Activism in the Digital Age (Flyer for book)" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/55046163/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/35185459/Media_Activism_in_the_Digital_Age_Flyer_for_book_">Media Activism in the Digital Age (Flyer for book)</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">This new edited collection brings together leading scholars and activists to explore how varietie...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">This new edited collection brings together leading scholars and activists to explore how varieties of activism are mediated through communication technologies, how activists deploy strategies for changing the structures of media systems, and how governments and corporations seek to police media activism. From memes to zines, hacktivism to artivism, Media Activism in the Digital Age considers activist practices involving both older kinds of media and newer digital, social, and network-based forms.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="07c3953c8211418a666022e38347b180" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":55046163,"asset_id":35185459,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/55046163/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="35185459"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="35185459"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 35185459; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="profile--tab_heading_container js-section-heading" data-section="Articles, Essays, and Book Chapters" id="Articles, Essays, and Book Chapters"><h3 class="profile--tab_heading_container">Articles, Essays, and Book Chapters by Victor Pickard</h3></div><div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="127523630"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/127523630/Shadow_of_the_New_Deal_The_Victory_of_Public_Broadcasting_mcp_20_1_115_Pickard"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Shadow of the New Deal The Victory of Public Broadcasting mcp 20 1 115 Pickard" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/121244709/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/127523630/Shadow_of_the_New_Deal_The_Victory_of_Public_Broadcasting_mcp_20_1_115_Pickard">Shadow of the New Deal The Victory of Public Broadcasting mcp 20 1 115 Pickard</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The history of US public media is challenging to chart. Relative to its counterparts in liberal d...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The history of US public media is challenging to chart. Relative to its counterparts in liberal democracies around the world, the American public broadcasting system emerged late (formally established only in the late 1960s) and was politically vulnerable from its inception (Avery 2017). The United States is a global outlier for how little it funds public broadcasting. Federal expenditures on public media typically average out to a paltry $1.40 per capita (Neff and Pickard 2021). Even to call the US system 'public' is a misnomer; networks such as NPR and PBS receive large percentages of their funding from private sources-including corporations who underwrite programming and promote their wares across the media they help sponsor. American public broadcasting's weaknesses notwithstanding, that it exists at all required a remarkable feat that took many years of tireless activism and advocacy. Very few historians have traced this decades-long struggle back to its actual origins. For these reasons and more, Josh Shepperd's Shadow of the New Deal is an invaluable contribution, chronicling how the American public media system was founded and how it could have developed differently. Although somewhat celebratory in treating the birth of US public broadcasting as a triumph-the subtitle of the book is, after all, The Victory of Public Broadcasting-the book also underscores the many contingencies and contradictions that brought the system to fruition. And it does so with great care and nuance. Interdisciplinary and wide-ranging in its scope, Shadow of the New Deal engages with scholarship in the fields of media history, media policy, political economy, media industry studies, critical media studies and other</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="b46ea3c98ebfc44b3dbe92d6251e22e3" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":121244709,"asset_id":127523630,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/121244709/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="127523630"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="127523630"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 127523630; 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Recent years have witnessed a wide range of creative policy measures — in states like California, New Jersey, and New York — aimed at bolstering local media. Democrat-controlled state legislatures could redouble efforts toward working with grassroots groups to support local journalism initiatives. Even some Republican lawmakers might wish to salvage what’s left of rural and small-town newspapers.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="ee2bc76dce889712e57e39d91a019970" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":120396454,"asset_id":126532833,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/120396454/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="126532833"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="126532833"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 126532833; 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He has written or edited six boo...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">where he co-directs the Media, Inequality & Change (MIC) Center. He has written or edited six books, including America's Battle for Media Democracy and</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="f406c66fc9f91b07cdae1339ba4a9315" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":119623064,"asset_id":125611658,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/119623064/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="125611658"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="125611658"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 125611658; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="124987677"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/124987677/Our_Media_Landscape_Needs_Structural_Transformation"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Our Media Landscape Needs Structural Transformation" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/119111166/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/124987677/Our_Media_Landscape_Needs_Structural_Transformation">Our Media Landscape Needs Structural Transformation</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Justice Rising</span><span>, 2024</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Truly democratic and engaged journalism requires that people own and control their own media. It ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Truly democratic and engaged journalism<br />requires that people own and control their<br />own media. It also requires that journalism serves<br />not just profit imperatives, but also addresses<br />people’s needs, tells their stories, and goes where<br />the silences are. While providing critical information<br />is always a key mission for good journalism,<br />local media is about much more than informing<br />citizens, keeping a watchful eye on the powerful,<br />and ringing alarm bells about social problems. As<br />important as these essential services are, good<br />journalism — especially participatory journalism<br />— is also about building community and solidarity<br />among diverse publics.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="2860f303f26fb6121672d383b9e5a62e" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":119111166,"asset_id":124987677,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/119111166/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="124987677"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="124987677"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 124987677; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="122106108"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/122106108/Legal_Foundations_for_Non_Reformist_Media_Reforms"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Legal Foundations for Non-Reformist Media Reforms" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/116836743/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/122106108/Legal_Foundations_for_Non_Reformist_Media_Reforms">Legal Foundations for Non-Reformist Media Reforms</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">This chapter aims to articulate a positive-rights paradigm that marshals contemporary, historical...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">This chapter aims to articulate a positive-rights paradigm that marshals contemporary, historical, and international legal frameworks to argue that government should have an affirmative duty to guarantee meaningful access to news and information for everyone. Drawing from democratic, legal, and economic theories, the chapter builds on a long lineage of argumentation—from Alexander Meiklejohn and Jerome Barron to more recent arguments advanced by C. Edwin Baker and Martha Minow—for why the First Amendment does not forbid government interventions that promote journalism. If we assume that press freedom is rendered meaningless without a press to protect, we arguably should go even further to compel the government to make targeted and democratically determined interventions into the media marketplace to guarantee public alternatives when private commercial media institutions fail to serve democratic needs.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="780ad257c4af08abd1f70421e1de8f3a" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":116836743,"asset_id":122106108,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/116836743/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="122106108"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="122106108"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 122106108; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="114321009"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/114321009/Taking_Media_Out_of_the_Market"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Taking Media Out of the Market" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/111050359/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/114321009/Taking_Media_Out_of_the_Market">Taking Media Out of the Market</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>LPE Blog</span><span>, 2024</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The recent spate of job losses in journalism make evident the need for systemic alternatives to c...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The recent spate of job losses in journalism make evident the need for systemic alternatives to commercial media. Tweaking market mechanisms and scrambling for new business models is futile when the market itself is a core part of the problem. Our democracy requires that we disentangle news and information from capitalism — we need a horizon for journalism beyond the market.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="8fd2dd14c751f982997348362907da46" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":111050359,"asset_id":114321009,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/111050359/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="114321009"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="114321009"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 114321009; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="111758871"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/111758871/The_news_industry_finally_reckons_with_the_political_economy_of_journalism"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of The news industry finally reckons with the political economy of journalism" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/109199863/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/111758871/The_news_industry_finally_reckons_with_the_political_economy_of_journalism">The news industry finally reckons with the political economy of journalism</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Nieman Journalism Lab</span><span>, 2023</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="cfd8743cb592c63806f3c9fa83aecc48" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":109199863,"asset_id":111758871,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/109199863/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="111758871"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="111758871"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 111758871; 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But for those livi...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">People living under oppressive regimes rarely take press freedoms for granted. But for those living in liberal democracies and accustomed to capitalist economics, losing such freedoms seems like a distant concern. Here in the US for example, despite the oft-rehearsed truism that democracy requires a free press, we rarely pause to consider whether journalism is receiving the requisite institutional support-or whether government has an affirmative duty to ensure that a press system exists at all. To the extent that we ever think about these relationships, most people living in market-driven societies assume that capitalist laws of supply and demand will always sustain local journalism. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="101730938"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/101730938/Another_Media_System_is_Possible_Ripping_Open_the_Overton_Window_From_Platforms_to_Public_Broadcasting"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Another Media System is Possible: Ripping Open the Overton Window, From Platforms to Public Broadcasting" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/102190135/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/101730938/Another_Media_System_is_Possible_Ripping_Open_the_Overton_Window_From_Platforms_to_Public_Broadcasting">Another Media System is Possible: Ripping Open the Overton Window, From Platforms to Public Broadcasting</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Javnost</span><span>, 2023</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Despite their absence within dominant policy discourses, radical ideas for structurally reforming...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Despite their absence within dominant policy discourses, radical ideas for structurally reforming information and communication systems are proliferating. This article begins to explore and synthesise several policy proposals for creating ambitious-even utopian-models that better serve democratic societies' information needs. These initiatives generally aim to decommodify the entire digital media system, thus requiring a holistic approach, with special attention given to discrete layers of content production and dissemination. Within this broader framework, it is necessary that policies attend to the political, economic, and technological specificities of platforms and journalism.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="afd91f03042cfb2c4d99756a5c1d3a81" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":102190135,"asset_id":101730938,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/102190135/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="101730938"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="101730938"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 101730938; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="85399016"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/85399016/Democratizing_the_platforms_Promises_and_perils_of_public_utility_regulation"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Democratizing the platforms: Promises and perils of public utility regulation" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/90108953/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/85399016/Democratizing_the_platforms_Promises_and_perils_of_public_utility_regulation">Democratizing the platforms: Promises and perils of public utility regulation</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Media Development</span><span>, 2022</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The democratic world faces a wicked problem. Information and communication systems that people re...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The democratic world faces a wicked problem. Information and communication systems that people rely on for many facets of their daily lives have become increasingly antidemocratic, causing profound harm across the globe. The technologies driving these systems – aimed primarily to extract data from users and sell for pro􀀁t – are designed and deployed without public consent. How do we bring platform companies that operate these systems under democratic control?</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="12003b94b6c88d7d202683f69cdf1a33" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":90108953,"asset_id":85399016,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/90108953/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="85399016"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="85399016"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 85399016; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> </div><div class="profile--tab_content_container js-tab-pane tab-pane" data-section-id="1158033" id="books"><div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="41001035"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/41001035/Democracy_without_Journalism_Flyer"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Democracy without Journalism Flyer" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/61282226/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/41001035/Democracy_without_Journalism_Flyer">Democracy without Journalism Flyer</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">In Democracy Without Journalism? Victor Pickard argues that we’re overlooking the core roots of t...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">In Democracy Without Journalism? Victor Pickard argues that we’re overlooking the core roots of the crisis. By uncovering degradations caused by run-amok commercialism, he brings into focus the historical antecedents, market failures, and policy inaction that led to the implosion of commercial journalism and the proliferation of misinformation through both social media and mainstream news. The problem isn’t just the loss of journalism or irresponsibility of Facebook, but the very structure upon which our profit-driven media system is built. The rise of a “misinformation society” is symptomatic of historical and endemic weaknesses in the American media system tracing back to the early commercialization of the press in the 1800s. While professionalization was meant to resolve tensions between journalism’s public service and profit imperatives, Pickard argues that it merely camouflaged deeper structural maladies. Journalism has always been in crisis. The market never supported the levels of journalism—especially local, international, policy, and investigative reporting—that a healthy democracy requires. Today these long-term defects have metastasized.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="d3f5e2d185e5a13221df6acc5c6b0c75" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":61282226,"asset_id":41001035,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/61282226/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="41001035"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="41001035"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 41001035; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="40509694"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/40509694/After_Net_Neutrality_A_New_Deal_for_the_Digital_Age"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of After Net Neutrality: A New Deal for the Digital Age" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/60782073/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/40509694/After_Net_Neutrality_A_New_Deal_for_the_Digital_Age">After Net Neutrality: A New Deal for the Digital Age</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>After Net Neutrality: A New Deal for the Digital Age</span><span>, 2019</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">A provocative analysis of net neutrality and a call to democratize online communication This shor...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">A provocative analysis of net neutrality and a call to democratize online communication This short book is both a primer that explains net neutrality's history and politics, as well as an argument for a more equitable framework for internet regulation. Pickard and Berman assert that we should see access to the internet not as a commodity but as a public good necessary for sustaining democratic society in the twentyfirst century. They aim to reframe the threat to net neutrality as more than a conflict between content providers like Netflix and internet service providers like Comcast-they argue its part of the much wider project to commercialize the public sphere and undermine the free speech essential for democracy. Readers will come away with a better understanding of the key concepts underpinning the net neutrality battle and rallying points for future action to democratize online communication.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="d4aa746bed5571aec6b23afb8b294b78" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":60782073,"asset_id":40509694,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/60782073/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="40509694"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="40509694"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 40509694; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="35580883"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/35580883/_2017_Media_Activism_in_the_Digital_Age"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of (2017) Media Activism in the Digital Age" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/35580883/_2017_Media_Activism_in_the_Digital_Age">(2017) Media Activism in the Digital Age</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://upenn.academia.edu/GuobinYang">Guobin Yang</a> and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://upenn.academia.edu/VictorPickard">Victor Pickard</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">This new edited collection brings together leading scholars and activists to explore how varietie...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">This new edited collection brings together leading scholars and activists to explore how varieties of activism are mediated through communication technologies, how activists deploy strategies for changing the structures of media systems, and how governments and corporations seek to police media activism. From memes to zines, hacktivism to artivism, Media Activism in the Digital Age considers activist practices involving both older kinds of media and newer digital, social, and network-based forms.<br /><br />Victor Pickard and Guobin Yang have assembled essays by leading scholars and activists to provide case studies of feminist, technological, and political interventions during different historical periods and at local, national, and global levels. Looking at the underlying theories, histories, politics, ideologies, tactics, strategies, and aesthetics, the book takes an expansive view of media activism. It explores how varieties of activism are mediated through communication technologies, how activists deploy strategies for changing the structures of media systems, and how governments and corporations seek to police media activism. From memes to zines, hacktivism to artivism, this volume considers activist practices involving both older kinds of media and newer digital, social, and network-based forms.<br /><br />Media Activism in the Digital Age provides a useful cross-section of this growing field for both students and researchers.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="35580883"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="35580883"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 35580883; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> </div><div class="profile--tab_content_container js-tab-pane tab-pane" data-section-id="674401" id="articlesessaysandbookchapters"><div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="127523630"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/127523630/Shadow_of_the_New_Deal_The_Victory_of_Public_Broadcasting_mcp_20_1_115_Pickard"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Shadow of the New Deal The Victory of Public Broadcasting mcp 20 1 115 Pickard" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/121244709/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/127523630/Shadow_of_the_New_Deal_The_Victory_of_Public_Broadcasting_mcp_20_1_115_Pickard">Shadow of the New Deal The Victory of Public Broadcasting mcp 20 1 115 Pickard</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The history of US public media is challenging to chart. Relative to its counterparts in liberal d...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The history of US public media is challenging to chart. Relative to its counterparts in liberal democracies around the world, the American public broadcasting system emerged late (formally established only in the late 1960s) and was politically vulnerable from its inception (Avery 2017). The United States is a global outlier for how little it funds public broadcasting. Federal expenditures on public media typically average out to a paltry $1.40 per capita (Neff and Pickard 2021). Even to call the US system 'public' is a misnomer; networks such as NPR and PBS receive large percentages of their funding from private sources-including corporations who underwrite programming and promote their wares across the media they help sponsor. American public broadcasting's weaknesses notwithstanding, that it exists at all required a remarkable feat that took many years of tireless activism and advocacy. Very few historians have traced this decades-long struggle back to its actual origins. For these reasons and more, Josh Shepperd's Shadow of the New Deal is an invaluable contribution, chronicling how the American public media system was founded and how it could have developed differently. Although somewhat celebratory in treating the birth of US public broadcasting as a triumph-the subtitle of the book is, after all, The Victory of Public Broadcasting-the book also underscores the many contingencies and contradictions that brought the system to fruition. And it does so with great care and nuance. Interdisciplinary and wide-ranging in its scope, Shadow of the New Deal engages with scholarship in the fields of media history, media policy, political economy, media industry studies, critical media studies and other</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="b46ea3c98ebfc44b3dbe92d6251e22e3" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":121244709,"asset_id":127523630,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/121244709/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="127523630"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="127523630"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 127523630; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="126532833"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/126532833/Media_reform_focuses_on_state_and_local_initiatives"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Media reform focuses on state and local initiatives" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/120396454/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/126532833/Media_reform_focuses_on_state_and_local_initiatives">Media reform focuses on state and local initiatives</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>NiemanLab</span><span>, 2024</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">While federal-level initiatives are mostly nonstarters for the immediate future, possibilities ex...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">While federal-level initiatives are mostly nonstarters for the immediate future, possibilities exist at the state and local levels. Recent years have witnessed a wide range of creative policy measures — in states like California, New Jersey, and New York — aimed at bolstering local media. Democrat-controlled state legislatures could redouble efforts toward working with grassroots groups to support local journalism initiatives. Even some Republican lawmakers might wish to salvage what’s left of rural and small-town newspapers.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="ee2bc76dce889712e57e39d91a019970" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":120396454,"asset_id":126532833,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/120396454/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="126532833"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="126532833"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 126532833; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="125611658"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/125611658/Under_media_oligarchy_Profit_and_power_trumped_democracy_once_again"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Under media oligarchy Profit and power trumped democracy once again" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/119623064/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/125611658/Under_media_oligarchy_Profit_and_power_trumped_democracy_once_again">Under media oligarchy Profit and power trumped democracy once again</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">where he co-directs the Media, Inequality & Change (MIC) Center. He has written or edited six boo...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">where he co-directs the Media, Inequality & Change (MIC) Center. He has written or edited six books, including America's Battle for Media Democracy and</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="f406c66fc9f91b07cdae1339ba4a9315" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":119623064,"asset_id":125611658,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/119623064/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="125611658"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="125611658"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 125611658; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="124987677"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/124987677/Our_Media_Landscape_Needs_Structural_Transformation"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Our Media Landscape Needs Structural Transformation" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/119111166/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/124987677/Our_Media_Landscape_Needs_Structural_Transformation">Our Media Landscape Needs Structural Transformation</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Justice Rising</span><span>, 2024</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Truly democratic and engaged journalism requires that people own and control their own media. It ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Truly democratic and engaged journalism<br />requires that people own and control their<br />own media. It also requires that journalism serves<br />not just profit imperatives, but also addresses<br />people’s needs, tells their stories, and goes where<br />the silences are. While providing critical information<br />is always a key mission for good journalism,<br />local media is about much more than informing<br />citizens, keeping a watchful eye on the powerful,<br />and ringing alarm bells about social problems. As<br />important as these essential services are, good<br />journalism — especially participatory journalism<br />— is also about building community and solidarity<br />among diverse publics.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="2860f303f26fb6121672d383b9e5a62e" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":119111166,"asset_id":124987677,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/119111166/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="124987677"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="124987677"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 124987677; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="122106108"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/122106108/Legal_Foundations_for_Non_Reformist_Media_Reforms"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Legal Foundations for Non-Reformist Media Reforms" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/116836743/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/122106108/Legal_Foundations_for_Non_Reformist_Media_Reforms">Legal Foundations for Non-Reformist Media Reforms</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">This chapter aims to articulate a positive-rights paradigm that marshals contemporary, historical...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">This chapter aims to articulate a positive-rights paradigm that marshals contemporary, historical, and international legal frameworks to argue that government should have an affirmative duty to guarantee meaningful access to news and information for everyone. Drawing from democratic, legal, and economic theories, the chapter builds on a long lineage of argumentation—from Alexander Meiklejohn and Jerome Barron to more recent arguments advanced by C. Edwin Baker and Martha Minow—for why the First Amendment does not forbid government interventions that promote journalism. If we assume that press freedom is rendered meaningless without a press to protect, we arguably should go even further to compel the government to make targeted and democratically determined interventions into the media marketplace to guarantee public alternatives when private commercial media institutions fail to serve democratic needs.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="780ad257c4af08abd1f70421e1de8f3a" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":116836743,"asset_id":122106108,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/116836743/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="122106108"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="122106108"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 122106108; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="114321009"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/114321009/Taking_Media_Out_of_the_Market"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Taking Media Out of the Market" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/111050359/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/114321009/Taking_Media_Out_of_the_Market">Taking Media Out of the Market</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>LPE Blog</span><span>, 2024</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The recent spate of job losses in journalism make evident the need for systemic alternatives to c...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The recent spate of job losses in journalism make evident the need for systemic alternatives to commercial media. Tweaking market mechanisms and scrambling for new business models is futile when the market itself is a core part of the problem. Our democracy requires that we disentangle news and information from capitalism — we need a horizon for journalism beyond the market.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="8fd2dd14c751f982997348362907da46" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":111050359,"asset_id":114321009,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/111050359/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="114321009"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="114321009"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 114321009; 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What Comes Next" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/103176574/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/103072253/The_Commercial_Era_for_Local_Journalism_is_Over_What_Comes_Next">The Commercial Era for Local Journalism is Over. What Comes Next</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">People living under oppressive regimes rarely take press freedoms for granted. But for those livi...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">People living under oppressive regimes rarely take press freedoms for granted. But for those living in liberal democracies and accustomed to capitalist economics, losing such freedoms seems like a distant concern. Here in the US for example, despite the oft-rehearsed truism that democracy requires a free press, we rarely pause to consider whether journalism is receiving the requisite institutional support-or whether government has an affirmative duty to ensure that a press system exists at all. To the extent that we ever think about these relationships, most people living in market-driven societies assume that capitalist laws of supply and demand will always sustain local journalism. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="101730938"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/101730938/Another_Media_System_is_Possible_Ripping_Open_the_Overton_Window_From_Platforms_to_Public_Broadcasting"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Another Media System is Possible: Ripping Open the Overton Window, From Platforms to Public Broadcasting" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/102190135/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/101730938/Another_Media_System_is_Possible_Ripping_Open_the_Overton_Window_From_Platforms_to_Public_Broadcasting">Another Media System is Possible: Ripping Open the Overton Window, From Platforms to Public Broadcasting</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Javnost</span><span>, 2023</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Despite their absence within dominant policy discourses, radical ideas for structurally reforming...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Despite their absence within dominant policy discourses, radical ideas for structurally reforming information and communication systems are proliferating. This article begins to explore and synthesise several policy proposals for creating ambitious-even utopian-models that better serve democratic societies' information needs. These initiatives generally aim to decommodify the entire digital media system, thus requiring a holistic approach, with special attention given to discrete layers of content production and dissemination. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="85399016"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/85399016/Democratizing_the_platforms_Promises_and_perils_of_public_utility_regulation"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Democratizing the platforms: Promises and perils of public utility regulation" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/90108953/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/85399016/Democratizing_the_platforms_Promises_and_perils_of_public_utility_regulation">Democratizing the platforms: Promises and perils of public utility regulation</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Media Development</span><span>, 2022</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The democratic world faces a wicked problem. Information and communication systems that people re...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The democratic world faces a wicked problem. Information and communication systems that people rely on for many facets of their daily lives have become increasingly antidemocratic, causing profound harm across the globe. The technologies driving these systems – aimed primarily to extract data from users and sell for pro􀀁t – are designed and deployed without public consent. How do we bring platform companies that operate these systems under democratic control?</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="12003b94b6c88d7d202683f69cdf1a33" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":90108953,"asset_id":85399016,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/90108953/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="85399016"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="85399016"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 85399016; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="76562763"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/76562763/A_New_Social_Contract_for_Platforms"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of A New Social Contract for Platforms" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/84233128/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/76562763/A_New_Social_Contract_for_Platforms">A New Social Contract for Platforms</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="e9404f8d31fda2785be14f20f490a54b" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":84233128,"asset_id":76562763,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/84233128/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="76562763"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="76562763"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 76562763; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=76562763]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=76562763]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 76562763; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='76562763']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="72517389"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/72517389/The_Great_Reckoning"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of The Great Reckoning" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/81413781/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/72517389/The_Great_Reckoning">The Great Reckoning</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The early broadcast era and our current platform era bear some striking resemblances, but one par...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The early broadcast era and our current platform era bear some striking resemblances, but one parallel looms large: In the 1940s, we lost a key battle to build a potentially liberating and wondrous medium—and we are on the cusp of doing so again. Then as now, commercial operators defined the terms by which we could use our core communication and information infrastructures. While reaping tremendous profits from the public airwaves, a few corporate firms became the sole providers for much of the nation’s media.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="31c4ec92619be2f915349f503cab8869" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":81413781,"asset_id":72517389,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/81413781/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="72517389"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="72517389"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 72517389; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=72517389]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=72517389]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 72517389; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='72517389']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "31c4ec92619be2f915349f503cab8869" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=72517389]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":72517389,"title":"The Great Reckoning","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/72517389/The_Great_Reckoning","owner_id":251508,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":251508,"first_name":"Victor","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Pickard","page_name":"VictorPickard","domain_name":"upenn","created_at":"2010-09-21T09:01:23.454-07:00","display_name":"Victor Pickard","url":"https://upenn.academia.edu/VictorPickard"},"attachments":[{"id":81413781,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/81413781/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Great_Reckoning.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/81413781/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"The_Great_Reckoning.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/81413781/Great_Reckoning-libre.pdf?1645923325=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DThe_Great_Reckoning.pdf\u0026Expires=1740158420\u0026Signature=Q1aNh-hLazimZQCEbjt4RK1JvIHkGrN35aj1MGQavQxuCDVi9ISWP1qIs6oxfYILYPQqupVxntS6mT18js0v6FCSIRfoJYqwc8obOOiYInCzFqV9vTVClM2ww0YL263WI5dZf5pGM1I6MadfUnwtCgswhJOXqmOFXeSwYmivTteqPQLwii4oxZF4jwz~JS6v-XTZMUHzFLq8HwEZcrXHuITugQE9kTNJxhWVp4Rqtl4zwh~5cc-oPzg0yXkgNpJXspFcJxX4XISr7rYHv8oZMOKH5mCSVb0T8B4~MfQdmofR2z5ASEnybAHEJLBrN394a3t0QLArdT4JSRkpmyl6zg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="68443455"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/68443455/Funding_Democracy_Public_Media_and_Democratic_Health_in_33_Countries"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Funding Democracy: Public Media and Democratic Health in 33 Countries" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/78915750/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/68443455/Funding_Democracy_Public_Media_and_Democratic_Health_in_33_Countries">Funding Democracy: Public Media and Democratic Health in 33 Countries</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">This study examines whether and how public media systems contribute to the health of democracies ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">This study examines whether and how public media systems contribute to the health of democracies in 33 countries in Europe, Africa, Asia, North America, the Middle East, Latin America, and South America. We gather national economic data and public media funding levels, audience shares, and regulatory data, primarily for 2018 and 2019 but in some cases earlier, due to lack of available data. We then assess correlations with strength of democracy indices and extend Hallin and Mancini's typology of North American and European media systems through hierarchical cluster analysis of these 33 countries. We find five models of public media systems around the world, ranging from "state-administered" systems with low levels of independence (Botswana and Tunisia) to systems aligning with Hallin and Mancini's "Democratic Corporatist" model, with strong and secure (multiyear) funding, large audience shares, and strong regulatory protection for their independence. In between, we identify three mixed models: a "Liberal-Pluralist" model, a "Direct Funding" model, and a "Commercial-Public" model. Correlations and cluster analyses show that high levels of secure funding for public media systems and strong structural protections for the political and economic independence of those systems are consistently and positively correlated with healthy democracies.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="76d171649f8fe80f4246e8f31284cd3b" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":78915750,"asset_id":68443455,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/78915750/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="68443455"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="68443455"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 68443455; 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Edwin Baker" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/76191071/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/63932007/Towards_a_Media_Democracy_Agenda_The_Lessons_of_C_Edwin_Baker">Towards a Media Democracy Agenda: The Lessons of C. Edwin Baker</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="93f7b1baced792e1e5b1e43accf52ba3" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":76191071,"asset_id":63932007,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/76191071/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="63932007"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="63932007"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 63932007; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=63932007]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=63932007]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 63932007; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='63932007']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "93f7b1baced792e1e5b1e43accf52ba3" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=63932007]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":63932007,"title":"Towards a Media Democracy Agenda: The Lessons of C. 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A long history—including many cases carefully documented by Project Censored over the decades—shows that we should be concerned about such abuses. However, a deeper, more systemic, form of censorship warps our media, one we too often neglect. This subtle—but no less malignant—filtering process is a byproduct of toxic commercialism, a set of values that systematically privilege entertainment over information, treats audiences as consumers not citizens, and consistently marginalize progressive arguments and issues. Resulting in a truncated public sphere and an impoverished imagination of what is possible, this profit-driven logic structures much of our news and information. We might refer to such patterns of omission and emphasis—where some voices and views are elevated and others muffled according to commercial values, profit accumulation, and corporate power — as “market censorship”.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="353e75753c05107a93bd8e9054dbef56" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":74941585,"asset_id":62083119,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/74941585/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="62083119"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="62083119"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 62083119; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="59860931"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/59860931/Management_by_Metrics_Is_Upending_Newsrooms_and_Killing_Journalism"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Management by Metrics Is Upending Newsrooms and Killing Journalism" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/73565890/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/59860931/Management_by_Metrics_Is_Upending_Newsrooms_and_Killing_Journalism">Management by Metrics Is Upending Newsrooms and Killing Journalism</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Journalism is in crisis. The past two decades have seen tens of thousands of newspaper jobs vanis...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Journalism is in crisis. The past two decades have seen tens of thousands of newspaper jobs vanish and hundreds of communities become news deserts. Run-amok commercialism continues to hollow out and distort our news media in increasingly dangerous ways. Yet, despite such worrying signs, the precise contours of these structural transformations often escape scrutiny, and it’s often unclear what’s truly new. After all, profit-driven media have always underserved and misrepresented large segments of society along socioeconomic divides. Informational redlining is baked into the very DNA of a commercial press that privileges profits over people.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="aa2bb01c740a031c4b7a6372f589d38d" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":73565890,"asset_id":59860931,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/73565890/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="59860931"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="59860931"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 59860931; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="59860231"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/59860231/From_the_Ashes_Imagining_a_Post_Commercial_Future_for_Media"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of From the Ashes: Imagining a Post-Commercial Future for Media" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/73565511/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/59860231/From_the_Ashes_Imagining_a_Post_Commercial_Future_for_Media">From the Ashes: Imagining a Post-Commercial Future for Media</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">With Trump-era fascistic tendencies receding into the past (though still ever present), a reckoni...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">With Trump-era fascistic tendencies receding into the past (though still ever present), a reckoning of the structural conditions that enabled their ascendance is overdue. Degraded information and communication systems were not the sole factor in escalating what is sometimes euphemistically referred to as "democratic backsliding" (Bermeo, 2016), but media institutions-from Fox News to Facebook-played a contributing role. They amplified election-theft conspiracy theories and whipped up long-standing right-wing prejudices and grievances. At the same time, a devastated local news landscape-combined with an extremely commercialized, ratings-driven national media system fixating on the "Trump Show"-provided fertile ground for dangerous discourses to take root. While these structural pathologies certainly predated Trump (Pickard, 2017), it is important to recognize how his administration helped accelerate various media-related crises that produced hospitable conditions for fascistic movements. These same conditions-an overly commercialized media system, the collapse of local journalism, monopolistic media firms-are still very much in effect and, in most cases, continuing to worsen. In envisioning a better future, we must acknowledge that our media system needs more than repair and restoration; it requires a structural transformation from the ground up. My purpose here is to assess the Trump-era wreckage before presenting useful frameworks for understanding the structural nature of ongoing crises. I conclude with a discussion regarding the prerequisites for a post-commercial media system. The analysis is US-focused but has clear implications for democratic societies around the world.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="4bd12c1877c2c0e5e6f6b2e99472a076" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":73565511,"asset_id":59860231,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/73565511/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="59860231"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="59860231"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 59860231; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> </div><div class="profile--tab_content_container js-tab-pane tab-pane" data-section-id="707027" id="teachingdocuments"><div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="127523854"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/127523854/Introduction_to_Political_Economy_of_Media_COMM_701_Professor_Victor_Pickard_Semester_Spring_2025_Office_hours_310_By_appointment_Course_hours_Tues_1_45_3_45"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Introduction to Political Economy of Media, COMM 701 Professor: Victor Pickard Semester: Spring 2025 Office hours (#310): By appointment Course hours: Tues, 1:45 -3:45" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/121244894/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/127523854/Introduction_to_Political_Economy_of_Media_COMM_701_Professor_Victor_Pickard_Semester_Spring_2025_Office_hours_310_By_appointment_Course_hours_Tues_1_45_3_45">Introduction to Political Economy of Media, COMM 701 Professor: Victor Pickard Semester: Spring 2025 Office hours (#310): By appointment Course hours: Tues, 1:45 -3:45</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Information and communication systems are central to all societies. Drawing from a radical tradit...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Information and communication systems are central to all societies. Drawing from a radical tradition of communication research, this course encourages "ruthless criticism" of these systems while situating media institutions within larger national and international power relationships. We will scrutinize how power operates through media by interrogating their core structuresincluding ownership, profit imperatives, support mechanisms such as advertising and public relations-as well as the ideologies, discourses, and government policies that sustain such arrangements. Examining case studies ranging from legacy news and entertainment media to digital outlets and social media, the course provides a comprehensive survey of the major texts in this vibrant sub-field of media studies. In this seminar, we will pay particularly close attention to how capitalism shapes media systems, infrastructures, and institutions. In doing so, we will flesh out how commercial logics affect media organizations' ability to provide for democratic society's communication and information needs. As we denaturalize the unexamined assumptions and imaginaries that undergird these relationships, we also will consider structural alternatives, always asking the utopian but necessary question: Is another media system possible? A note about the syllabus and readings: Most readings are available through the class Canvas site and/or Penn library. In addition to the readings listed on the syllabus, occasionally I will assign current news stories to read for class. Course Requirements and Grading: Attendance is required at all scheduled class meetings. You should come to each class prepared to discuss the readings. Grades are based on class participation (including student-led discussions and one-page responses to readings due 10 PM every Monday night); a midterm paper (4-5-page proposal/outline for a longer research paper on a student-selected political economic subject); and a final research paper & class presentation (15-20 pages, using both primary and secondary sources. Students will present their project to class.).</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="2f127f4aed989996ea62379e992ab2d6" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":121244894,"asset_id":127523854,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/121244894/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="127523854"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="127523854"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 127523854; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="122955198"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/122955198/Media_Capitalism_and_Democracy"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Media Capitalism and Democracy" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/117505504/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/122955198/Media_Capitalism_and_Democracy">Media Capitalism and Democracy</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">In this course we critically examine the complex and often-invisible relationships between politi...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">In this course we critically examine the complex and often-invisible relationships between political-economic structures and information/communication systems. Drawing from various schools of economic and democratic theory, we will explore historical and international case studies of how capitalism shapes media systems, infrastructures, and institutions. In doing so, we will interrogate how commercial logics affect media organizations' ability to provide for democratic society's communication and information needs. As we unpack and denaturalize the ideologies, imaginaries, and unexamined assumptions that undergird these relationships, we also will consider structural alternatives, always asking the utopian but necessary question: Is another media system possible?</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="b5d97d0064fa6e7df7bc521b5bfd644e" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":117505504,"asset_id":122955198,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/117505504/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="122955198"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="122955198"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 122955198; 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From First Amendment freedoms of speech and of the press, to communication rights of media access and fair representation, the class will examine the core values and ethics that purportedly gird our media and our society. The course will require extensive reading, engaged class discussions, and a journal-ready article by the end of the semester.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="7a9aed086874c34db21f4a11dcf0772c" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":49066220,"asset_id":28642500,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/49066220/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="28642500"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="28642500"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 28642500; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="36969034"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/36969034/Technology_Inequality_and_Information_Policy_RFP_MIC"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Technology Inequality and Information Policy RFP MIC" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/56918590/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/36969034/Technology_Inequality_and_Information_Policy_RFP_MIC">Technology Inequality and Information Policy RFP MIC</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://rutgers.academia.edu/ToddWolfson">Todd Wolfson</a> and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://upenn.academia.edu/VictorPickard">Victor Pickard</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The MIC Center is supporting new research that explores the connections between inequality and te...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The MIC Center is supporting new research that explores the connections between inequality and technology with a specific focus on journalism, policy, work, and social movements. Our society is caught in a growing paradox. On one hand we are in a moment of rapid technological advancement that creates greater communication and information sharing, economic prosperity for all, and more democratic possibilities. On the other hand, we see a declining fourth estate, platforms that spread disinformation with little accountability, more economic insecurity and precarity, and a debased political process. Recognizing these potentials and perils, MIC is supporting a wave of research focused both on understanding this conjuncture from structural and historical perspectives, while also offering viable strategies for social change. Our goal is threefold: 1. Inspire research focused on these thorny questions, 2. Build a network of scholars, organizers, and policy makers collaborating on addressing core social problems, and 3. Help to build a coordinated field focused on the intersections of technology and inequality that advances theoretically informed praxis.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="6204a956456df02365a206f088871172" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":56918590,"asset_id":36969034,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/56918590/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="36969034"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="36969034"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 36969034; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="35591283"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/35591283/Media_Activism_Studies_2017"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Media Activism Studies, 2017" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/55457687/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/35591283/Media_Activism_Studies_2017">Media Activism Studies, 2017</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">This seminar provides an introduction to the politics, aesthetics, and tactics underlying various...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">This seminar provides an introduction to the politics, aesthetics, and tactics underlying various types of media activism. The class will examine interventions aimed at media representations, labor relations in media production, media policy reform, activists’ strategic communications, and “alternative” media making. The course will draw from an overview of the existing scholarship on media activism, as well as close analyses of actual activist practices within both old and new media at local, national, and global levels. We will study how various political groups, past and present, use media to advance their interests and effect social change. Each member of the class will choose one case study of an activist group or campaign to explore throughout the semester.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="98eadc7eba3d10533dfc8ec18c398d70" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":55457687,"asset_id":35591283,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/55457687/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="35591283"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="35591283"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 35591283; 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Drawing from critical traditions such as the Frankfurt Sch...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">This course is divided into two parts. Drawing from critical traditions such as the Frankfurt School, British cultural studies, and Marxian political economy, the first half of the semester will focus on systemic, ideological, and cultural critiques of news media systems. The second half of the semester will address the " what is to be done " question, and will focus on issues related to economic and democratic theories of journalism, as well as public policy approaches to the future of news media.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="aa89c545baa4077d282175170ee5377a" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":55460872,"asset_id":35589941,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/55460872/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="35589941"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="35589941"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 35589941; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="9843941"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/9843941/Media_Activism_Studies"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Media Activism Studies" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/36009347/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/9843941/Media_Activism_Studies">Media Activism Studies</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">This seminar provides an introduction to the politics, aesthetics, and tactics underlying various...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">This seminar provides an introduction to the politics, aesthetics, and tactics underlying various types of media activism. The class will examine interventions aimed at media representations, labor relations in media production, media policy reform, activists’ strategic communications, and “alternative” media making. The course will draw from an overview of the existing scholarship on media activism, as well as close analyses of actual activist practices within both old and new media at local, national, and global levels. We will study how various political groups, past and present, use media to advance their interests and effect social change. Each member of the class will choose one case study of an activist group or campaign to explore throughout the semester.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="a7f19ed2fcc9dec6f812498ff600445d" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":36009347,"asset_id":9843941,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/36009347/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="9843941"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="9843941"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 9843941; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="4369622"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/4369622/Intro_to_Political_Economy_of_Media"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Intro to Political Economy of Media" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/65416186/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/4369622/Intro_to_Political_Economy_of_Media">Intro to Political Economy of Media</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Assuming that information and communication systems are central to all societies, this course tak...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Assuming that information and communication systems are central to all societies, this course takes a critical approach and situates media within larger national and international power relationships. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> </div><div class="profile--tab_content_container js-tab-pane tab-pane" data-section-id="1151646" id="referencearticlesandshortchapters"><div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="21624030"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/21624030/Media_Ownership"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Media Ownership" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/42209401/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/21624030/Media_Ownership">Media Ownership</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Although " media ownership " is a fairly straightforward concept, it can be further qualified acc...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Although " media ownership " is a fairly straightforward concept, it can be further qualified according to a variety of forms. These include horizontal (the ownership of distinct but similar media products), vertical (the ownership of different stages of production and distribution of media), and diagonal (the cross-ownership of diverse media businesses). Ownership structures might also be described as family owned, stockholder owned, or publicly owned (as in the case of public broadcasting). Different ownership structures are associated with different systems of control and different societal impacts. Scholars have long sought to better understand these relationships, which are often difficult to tease apart. Furthermore, given the proliferation of new media technologies and products, it is tempting to assume that media ownership no longer matters in the digital era. However, much scholarship demonstrates that ownership structures are still important for issues ranging from informational diversity to media effects, with important implications for democratic theory. Generally speaking, this scholarship can be divided into two groups: research that focuses on media ownership structures themselves, and research that focuses on the history and politics of media ownership policies. The latter focus may also refer to the presumed effects of various kinds of media ownership structures. These research foci cut across several subfields and disciplines, including political economy, media policy studies, and media economics, to name a few. Research on media ownership structures The study of media ownership patterns demonstrates that many media sectors are marked by concentration, and in many cases markets can be described as duopolies or oligopolies. A number of scholars have documented how a handful of corporations dominate the American media landscape. Ben Bagdikian (2004) arguably has done the most to draw attention to media monopolies, with the last iteration of the work that he began in the 1980s showing how concentration of ownership also characterizes new digital media. More recent scholarship has shown how old media firms continue to dominate within new digital environments. Other research shows how media conglomerates command significant market power across the globe (Herman & McChesney, 1997). Although scholars are increasingly arguing that power dynamics are changing—and many have argued for years that media " contraflows " are often given short shrift—global media are still disproportionately controlled or influenced by American institutions. Another important strand of global communication The International Encyclopedia of Political Communication, First Edition. Edited by Gianpietro Mazzoleni.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="1d89866fb710ac606951f7b07de04fa4" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":42209401,"asset_id":21624030,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/42209401/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="21624030"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="21624030"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 21624030; 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Only Public Funding Can Save It" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/66680449/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/47735276/Journalism_Is_in_Crisis_Only_Public_Funding_Can_Save_It">Journalism Is in Crisis. Only Public Funding Can Save It</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">For the Left, it’s easy to hate the media, with its entrenched centrist biases and loyalty to the...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">For the Left, it’s easy to hate the media, with its entrenched centrist biases and loyalty to the status quo. But a world without high-quality news is a world where meaningful democracy is impossible. That’s the message of media scholar Victor Pickard, who argues for a transformation of our media system away from the model of commercial news and toward a “public option.”</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="313254dbc51664f2532300bbe3cc3849" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":66680449,"asset_id":47735276,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/66680449/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="47735276"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="47735276"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 47735276; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=47735276]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=47735276]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 47735276; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='47735276']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "313254dbc51664f2532300bbe3cc3849" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=47735276]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":47735276,"title":"Journalism Is in Crisis. 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Victor Pickard, a professor in the Annenberg School for Communication at the University of Pennsylvania and the author of the new book Democracy without Journalism?: Confronting the Misinformation Society, thinks he has the solution: rebuilding our news system around a public media model. 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The people own the airways, after all, and we wondered whether there had ever been a "golden age" at the FCC when the public's interests were truly championed.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="2c2767258739188b88cade6cdb5c90ba" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":33008433,"asset_id":6095810,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/33008433/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="6095810"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="6095810"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 6095810; 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If we allow the marketplace of ideas to be conflated with the capitalist market, wealthy white men like Musk will continue to have much louder voices—amplified by their tens of millions of Twitter followers, their obscene wealth, and their unquestioned fealty to<br />market libertarianism.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="01ed7319cf317e3524b1404dc1cc65d9" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":84232624,"asset_id":76562053,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/84232624/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="76562053"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="76562053"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 76562053; 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We should leverage and expand such invaluable community infrastructures-before they vanish altogether.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="5218239d667af7b7d696ab2892dbe0c0" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":74941646,"asset_id":62083215,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/74941646/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="62083215"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="62083215"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 62083215; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="50928229"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/50928229/Talking_Radical_Media_With_Noam_Chomsky"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Talking Radical Media With Noam Chomsky" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/68805044/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/50928229/Talking_Radical_Media_With_Noam_Chomsky">Talking Radical Media With Noam Chomsky</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">At 92, Chomsky is still leveling sharp critique and astute analysis. In our Zoom conversation, he...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">At 92, Chomsky is still leveling sharp critique and astute analysis. In our Zoom conversation, he seamlessly drew from that day’s New York Times to exemplify various points we were discussing. I was especially struck by his nuanced optimism—while he saw the same structural pathologies afflicting our commercial news media systems today, he also discerned meaningful progress in news coverage, especially in confronting historical atrocities that mainstream media accounts had ignored or misrepresented in the past.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="2be9b0c8924c036e1dd5769fedb7207b" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":68805044,"asset_id":50928229,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/68805044/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="50928229"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="50928229"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 50928229; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="49103243"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/49103243/Strengthen_our_democracy_by_funding_public_media"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Strengthen our democracy by funding public media" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/67498041/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/49103243/Strengthen_our_democracy_by_funding_public_media">Strengthen our democracy by funding public media</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://upenn.academia.edu/VictorPickard">Victor Pickard</a> and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://leicester.academia.edu/TimothyNeff">Timothy Neff</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Despite the popular assumption that democracy requires a free and functional press, Americans har...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Despite the popular assumption that democracy requires a free and functional press, Americans harbor a surprising recalcitrance toward public subsidies for journalism. Many believe that if the market doesn’t support a news outlet—or if it doesn’t receive a wealthy benefactor’s support—then it deserves to wither. <br /><br />Yet, as local commercial journalism continues to collapse and misinformation and extremism continue to rise, this inaction toward market failure deserves scrutiny. Why does the federal government underfund public alternatives to broken commercial models? What are the implications of this decades-long under-valuing of public media’s well-known civic benefits, which are enjoyed by the world’s strongest democracies?</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="a8e3d90cac35f277c80c668eb85d1f9a" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":67498041,"asset_id":49103243,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/67498041/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="49103243"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="49103243"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 49103243; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="49012050"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/49012050/Bidens_Broadband_Plan_Is_a_Good_Start_but_America_Needs_Guaranteed_Broadband_for_All"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Biden's Broadband Plan Is a Good Start-but America Needs Guaranteed Broadband for All" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/67399952/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/49012050/Bidens_Broadband_Plan_Is_a_Good_Start_but_America_Needs_Guaranteed_Broadband_for_All">Biden's Broadband Plan Is a Good Start-but America Needs Guaranteed Broadband for All</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">President Biden’s proposal to expand high-speed Internet access as part of his infrastructure bil...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">President Biden’s proposal to expand high-speed Internet access as part of his infrastructure bill affirms that broadband is an essential public service. 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Although it’s far from a foregone conclusion that the proposal will be enacted, this moment provides us with an opportunity to push policy-makers to deliver on these promises while envisioning something even bolder.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="1a83c5e5c06bceed1b6c0e371e634fd2" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":67399952,"asset_id":49012050,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/67399952/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="49012050"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="49012050"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 49012050; 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The newspaper industry, still our primary source of original reporting, has lost well over 50 percent of its workforce since the early 2000s, leading to hundreds of closures and news deserts across the country. No longer commercially viable, local journalism’s devastation will only worsen in the coming months and years.  Yet infrastructures must be maintained regardless of their profitability and such glaring market failure should necessitate government intervention.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="f6199a95ca5077d5dfd73abc53d16938" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":66680471,"asset_id":47735296,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/66680471/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="47735296"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="47735296"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 47735296; 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We’re facing a collective action problem that demands government intervention.”</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="cb1951ed156eda69466fce4e3e1949ed" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":65630810,"asset_id":45073886,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/65630810/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="45073886"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="45073886"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 45073886; 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Nor will rich benefactors. We need a systemic fix, a public...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Ultimately, the market won't save us. Nor will rich benefactors. We need a systemic fix, a public media option that's dedicated to universal service in its true meaning: all Americans must have access to high quality news and information. With local and independent news outlets under threat from all sides, writes Pickard, a "reformist vision that recognizes news and information as public goods-vital necessities for our collective welfare that the market can't provide-calls for a holistic approach."</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="698e1c9d2dcb591f7d373ee14904c3c4" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":65006059,"asset_id":44555124,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/65006059/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="44555124"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="44555124"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 44555124; 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Many of these projections adhered to predictable patterns of emphasis and omission.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="2213a4c915e781737c776aeddbde149d" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":65006014,"asset_id":44555085,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/65006014/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="44555085"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="44555085"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 44555085; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="43147084"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/43147084/The_answer_to_the_media_industry_s_woes_Publicly_owned_newspapers"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of The answer to the media industry’s woes? Publicly owned newspapers." class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/63407135/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/43147084/The_answer_to_the_media_industry_s_woes_Publicly_owned_newspapers">The answer to the media industry’s woes? Publicly owned newspapers.</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">As the economic fallout from the coronavirus further decimates financially struggling small-town ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">As the economic fallout from the coronavirus further decimates<br />financially struggling small-town and city newspapers — still Americans’<br />main source for original local journalism — a desperate search is<br />underway for alternative models. Analysts are looking around the world<br />and back through history for examples of news media that don’t depend<br />on advertising revenue — a collapsing business model that is unlikely to<br />ever return. Ideas range from starting donor-funded nonprofit<br />organizations to repurposing public broadcasting systems. But one<br />intriguing experiment from American history has been almost entirely<br />forgotten: the municipal newspaper.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="e42fd925156f08cfe1afa20dc5b8efd8" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":63407135,"asset_id":43147084,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/63407135/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="43147084"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="43147084"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 43147084; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=43147084]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=43147084]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 43147084; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='43147084']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "e42fd925156f08cfe1afa20dc5b8efd8" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=43147084]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":43147084,"title":"The answer to the media industry’s woes? 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Here's How to Save It" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/63042601/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/42812615/Coronavirus_Is_Hammering_the_News_Industry_Heres_How_to_Save_It">Coronavirus Is Hammering the News Industry. Here's How to Save It</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Tens of thousands of journalists are losing their jobs, newspaper chains are going under, and vul...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Tens of thousands of journalists are losing their jobs, newspaper<br />chains are going under, and vulture capitalists are picking over the<br />remains. 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Ballots were barely tallied when the ideological work of projecting preferred narratives onto election results launched into full gear.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="05eeb6c90d96fdb80a86bfd328655eb0" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":62342088,"asset_id":42196879,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/62342088/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="42196879"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="42196879"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 42196879; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="38052676"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/38052676/2019_Nieman_Prediction_We_Will_Finally_Confront_Systemic_Market_Failure"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of 2019 Nieman Prediction: We Will Finally Confront Systemic Market Failure" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/58077450/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/38052676/2019_Nieman_Prediction_We_Will_Finally_Confront_Systemic_Market_Failure">2019 Nieman Prediction: We Will Finally Confront Systemic Market Failure</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">If we start with the premise that commercial journalism is a dead end for what our democracy requ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">If we start with the premise that commercial journalism is a dead end for what our democracy requires, it may entirely reorient tired conversations about the future of news. It might free us to think more creatively and more boldly.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="d644a17c7eeacec0ca3cefc0ddcc2b21" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":58077450,"asset_id":38052676,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/58077450/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="38052676"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="38052676"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 38052676; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="34517652"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/34517652/The_Slippery_Slope_of_the_Oligarchy_Media_Model"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of The Slippery Slope of the Oligarchy Media Model" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/54382719/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/34517652/The_Slippery_Slope_of_the_Oligarchy_Media_Model">The Slippery Slope of the Oligarchy Media Model</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://upenn.academia.edu/VictorPickard">Victor Pickard</a> and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://nyu.academia.edu/RodneyBenson">Rodney Benson</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">What might be called the “benevolent billionaire model” for supporting journalism begs the obviou...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">What might be called the “benevolent billionaire model” for supporting journalism begs the obvious point that not all billionaires are benevolent.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="c2c8902137e5c3f39a6700cacb9d2578" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":54382719,"asset_id":34517652,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/54382719/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="34517652"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="34517652"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 34517652; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> </div><div class="profile--tab_content_container js-tab-pane tab-pane" data-section-id="1955716" id="papers"><div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="53777188"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/53777188/A_Third_Way_for_the_Public_Airwaves_Opportunistic_Unlicensed_Reuse_of_Government_Spectrum"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of A Third Way for the Public Airwaves: Opportunistic Unlicensed Reuse of Government Spectrum" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/53777188/A_Third_Way_for_the_Public_Airwaves_Opportunistic_Unlicensed_Reuse_of_Government_Spectrum">A Third Way for the Public Airwaves: Opportunistic Unlicensed Reuse of Government Spectrum</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="53777188"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="53777188"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 53777188; 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dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=53777188]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":53777188,"title":"A Third Way for the Public Airwaves: Opportunistic Unlicensed Reuse of Government Spectrum","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/53777188/A_Third_Way_for_the_Public_Airwaves_Opportunistic_Unlicensed_Reuse_of_Government_Spectrum","owner_id":251508,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":251508,"first_name":"Victor","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Pickard","page_name":"VictorPickard","domain_name":"upenn","created_at":"2010-09-21T09:01:23.454-07:00","display_name":"Victor Pickard","url":"https://upenn.academia.edu/VictorPickard"},"attachments":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="18176157"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/18176157/Revitalizing_the_Public_Airwaves_Opportunistic_Unlicensed_Reuse_of_Government_Spectrum"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Revitalizing the Public Airwaves: Opportunistic Unlicensed Reuse of Government Spectrum" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/39916586/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/18176157/Revitalizing_the_Public_Airwaves_Opportunistic_Unlicensed_Reuse_of_Government_Spectrum">Revitalizing the Public Airwaves: Opportunistic Unlicensed Reuse of Government Spectrum</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://upenn.academia.edu/VictorPickard">Victor Pickard</a> and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://independent.academia.edu/SaschaMeinrath">Sascha Meinrath</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">While many policy analysts have focused on the fate of the 700 MHz auctions, the digital TV trans...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">While many policy analysts have focused on the fate of the 700 MHz auctions, the digital TV transition, and the promise of white space devices, a more vast and underutilized resource has gone largely unnoticed: government spectrum. The best available data suggests that the majority of federal spectrum capacity is left unused. Strategic reuse of this spectrum could help obviate the need for significant additional reallocation while enabling a wide range of creative new uses and social benefits. Based on what little information is publicly available, it is reasonable to assume that the repurposing of government spectrum would go far in addressing a number of access-related communication problems. Repurposing currently unused U.S. government-controlled spectrum for opportunistic unlicensed use would benefit society by dramatically expanding access to high-speed broadband and increasing the pace of wireless technology innovation. This approach to spectrum policy presents a "third option" for reform, drawing from both the commons and property rights models of spectrum management.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="f2db3073c0b0ae6f6379349c5ba2da54" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":39916586,"asset_id":18176157,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/39916586/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="18176157"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="18176157"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 18176157; 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The research reviewed treats news media<br />institutions as political actors and makes assumptions about journalism’s importance in a democratic society.<br />Although this line of research, with its emphasis on political economic and normative questions, often has been<br />marginalized in American mass communication scholarship, the authors explain its ongoing importance,<br />particularly in relation to the journalism crisis, and, suggest future directions.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="22c62fadd506679cbf614ff206474ac3" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":35097705,"asset_id":8744588,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/35097705/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="8744588"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="8744588"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 8744588; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> </div><div class="profile--tab_content_container js-tab-pane tab-pane" data-section-id="2039528" id="bibliographies"><div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="35185548"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/35185548/Media_Activism_Annotated_Bibliography_pre_publication_draft_for_Oxford_Bibliographies_"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Media Activism Annotated Bibliography (pre-publication draft for Oxford Bibliographies)" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/55046231/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/35185548/Media_Activism_Annotated_Bibliography_pre_publication_draft_for_Oxford_Bibliographies_">Media Activism Annotated Bibliography (pre-publication draft for Oxford Bibliographies)</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://upenn.academia.edu/VictorPickard">Victor Pickard</a> and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://setonhall.academia.edu/DavidElliotBerman">David Elliot Berman</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">From Tiananmen Square to Tahrir Square, physical togetherness—the amassing of bodies in public sp...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">From Tiananmen Square to Tahrir Square, physical togetherness—the amassing of bodies in public space—is an integral part of social movements. However, direct, physical interaction has historically been complimented by mediated communication. Activists have used pamphlets, leaflets, zines, telephones, faxes, television and, most recently, the internet to communicate both among themselves and to the broader public, thus enabling geographically dispersed people to organize collectively. In recent years, digital-savvy social movements including the Arab Spring uprisings, Occupy Wall Street, the indignados movement in Spain, and #BlackLivesMatter have sparked a raft of innovative interdisciplinary research on the dynamic relationship between media and social movements. This bibliography not only provides an overview of the extant literature on this subject, but also looks more expansively to forms of media activism that are not necessarily tied to social movement organizing, including media policy activism, hacktivism, and culture jamming.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="ed998c804f8986325fac14f0588053e9" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":55046231,"asset_id":35185548,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/55046231/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="35185548"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="35185548"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 35185548; 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Copps" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/57452399/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/37482867/The_Media_Democracy_Agenda_The_Strategy_and_Legacy_of_Federal_Communications_Commissioner_Michael_J_Copps">The Media Democracy Agenda The Strategy and Legacy of Federal Communications Commissioner Michael J. Copps</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">This report, part history and part strategy playbook, examines the tactics and policy priorities ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">This report, part history and part strategy playbook, examines the tactics and policy priorities of former-Commissioner Michael J. Copps during his 10 years at the FCC. An analysis of Commissioner Copps’s tenure, his political strategies, and his legacy is a timely endeavor, both for its historical importance and for its contemporary relevance. As a commissioner in the minority during the George W. Bush presidency, Commissioner Copps was remarkably effective in leading a progressive policy program at the FCC – one that helped galvanize a larger media reform movement that remains active today.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="ab7817de605dec60f150ccfd2f590fa0" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":57452399,"asset_id":37482867,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/57452399/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="37482867"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="37482867"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 37482867; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=37482867]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=37482867]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 37482867; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='37482867']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "ab7817de605dec60f150ccfd2f590fa0" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=37482867]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":37482867,"title":"The Media Democracy Agenda The Strategy and Legacy of Federal Communications Commissioner Michael J. 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Picard</a> and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://upenn.academia.edu/VictorPickard">Victor Pickard</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">This report proposes a set of principles as a guide for contemporary media and communications pol...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">This report proposes a set of principles as a guide for contemporary media and communications policymaking. It articulates statements of principles to inform the development of policy objectives and policy mechanisms and to provide consistency across varying issues, technologies, and actions by defining fundamental criteria that can be used to inform discussion and guide policy decisions. It does not suggest specific policy measures but articulates principles that are relevant and applicable to a wide range of media and communications platforms, infrastructures, and activities addressed at the local, national, regional, and global levels. 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