CINXE.COM

Just a moment...

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '91354351e946f882',cH: 'vBmRBDKTgce5sksqXkYJxfoluLfUox8piTxS3Po.13Q-1739789913-1.2.1.1-U32IiNk0tWVjibPAuLtdqZ6tyekrAagZSVAEK2KkppTR2B2rW_.W4IMk71N03NwZ',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/search?q=Liwen%20Hou&__cf_chl_tk=3Wfy5pFPNGfCkMjpz4L2q3D.hL5PjDCK_7a3RGXveMA-1739789913-1.0.1.1-j8kl4CFfv.ag2VFXlVAJcE46gWcrtbPd4y7cgCL8x60",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739789913',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/search?q=Liwen%20Hou&__cf_chl_f_tk=3Wfy5pFPNGfCkMjpz4L2q3D.hL5PjDCK_7a3RGXveMA-1739789913-1.0.1.1-j8kl4CFfv.ag2VFXlVAJcE46gWcrtbPd4y7cgCL8x60",md: "VZXnkQQu9wHxDCyLXePh7G7Nw5prwHjEoeEBEqX.BnY-1739789913-1.2.1.1-mLUEVPAJPWsSQNeBD.kiY58mrebChOaQCIZrv287Xl53de0MALfyzIR1cxrFExsAuflp6r577W7P7cjKe2sPZMzEc2zpqmnxzgVOGcpGTjemn5GE2ocW2SxaMEUquQ5IuuHB1Eu0VDBPfZ0raIuV8ukCVlE7aEly9KIg_W1ypUvBWeDbHJ.KARkX6V67ZWgRxJZLOnrsjfCagmImBkMhcaAI86fVbWuK0IlhxQ5zAFdIPvpJiYMrTgNrUJBOAAxuz.pK.KycGbTwOHFjqheKc3dVZyLGwC9.2xyMqpLQEVMC.xxdSK0nxGmhFIK5G5s5I_wSZhuzGMyrGd_nIuh0bugtfv8pwgWBxCCZVC_hqpX2g6vGFmgK2XyCP1ZV1NjgySLWxmQ1Ds7t5_9X8L.hkqZ8eV01VikHd6TBeNueLtzCM4uFQ2._v4Npyf60k77eDXE8yiiFnQbhGdr25c58nysp7twRaMBIevG6XOZhn7Pa8H2_wiMsR3Vz_CJ_0V8koO0ebnyyBg6kEGZurlZA4i2VzGmp0xu6KkDm53.KGluEeX_3gRsUnbefggEVRQsN80KE3MoVL7_y.5Oc9MVTsrlv3lKlbJD11_TW60nvcf7s30a6XnaGpDbDVN0jyIx4qwQyFVTPv5.fy6a_XIb_Ti336IfvO.kL1QQMHY.mP2sy7LxkId.Ccgxpxz9KeXO5SEN9bHS3xYhKyiv1dEqaS47TFj6iOWLa8Ux3GtkMrD0X2eSq8Nm8Anxxfuw7uA.DOJSpjBtTHkiWk46tAqp5KGQygd1PbuW4a01fO_J7Yb84N5zktbupWFto4y3L6GPG7QX60jLuR3Oqz5TK3BoG_TnSr5.qWri3TevHNiUqrqbLokQ3t.l1Ro1sAANzTVUj_VJ9z6cxi50zdSP3C8cqmiG2MJcEydRFVaD2vdmwU3ErlpgVE2ohpCV2Vz40IeBCDqlMdqJ6SiBhHXbo8YZUz3C.uVrX3yMYoGBQdLenmXtf9XAuugvrQ5pxNY1aDd5CIL.nb97l3MzA.rolnOj15LAuJhYRb_lUPp1WYzKuY6u6NTpvJGLrSsR0otwk2LkoMp6L_8kGQMIkgjXdyepWW9E1qGH4fRVwuGhgLkJplWqHo6qW5C2q73au.zUZiIuf7_.HPX_EWpYXQ5zW6XttGpCtL8UdODj97oSnq1TpXuX49oZXBM.qEC4in7QbSIgoaZQKZq8pnyB9BK7L0Bkjf0oULX__fJYCLu2hd2ESl0uz_9jJ47BVbJ.tAHQ9RhvLrNqMDTc65pQqd6WhFsZU0K7JISTjLU8edGMDUrEkLqHuS7_IyJHEgxZzm5QJiKiWwwzxg5G3qrnmXEujxY5_FpnnkftfABk2npVZ_9qRSgBXYTnwjFg97i8gQctEz46a1_RWd7aMICL7vTfSWFJ2JHQPd73sKlEkjFVIDsHd.BFnuQLfY13gznfhFT1aKaeHKSLeYsChVdTlxZ8IktGitRTjLaOPzvwdXO4uL5CvIGXt2haumwYTelwSX_fpIpzug.4jcHofrtDpFuoSK4cfLmwopOuexbaeAIBhFXm9NL5KYTLqyRR__IJRCum2_IMgLmxMMrFEWQoAHSnqWFUM8xwO4AB.LNbGKE4GZARNZ0iGtfi3npkyy5B5ZqL5FLtGY2jZHVl8x2Ni7iB6nPrjO2lmPj9Xp1GWd8TWyq1FwgPuUrJBCXDqbvUef85VFuvnTCNRRIijBaSvM9sJjHgedAmJYOPjVYmawKBqFJLrsg0nk44w1m_uJbBrDowA6p0LGkSpW7TjOAY9G8WGdgRNrp_kdr4BUNVHlE5tt6zAZ2D8GRI6ztKmcTjIhSgZleGFfAh2Ushl4Zljc.R_l.qNx0BQ2iwaBZMtX6IwFAbWJUL8CYiho.iSZ_WpA27n2b6xZ_c1JnS88SA5A_kWFjYaYA",mdrd: "Mx4eOK5rz7D_DQ6akKW7Febg.GsSJz.mUMV8C37Zc_4-1739789913-1.2.1.1-ZMLQCpt_rKSC5v05moHcSnou_Gn_3GXiYjvtIa00SS9fFO1D0D.JREY64XH2OHMWmasvY0unenTafBkaKbVqqvDbkFzWYEaCp0oQLXdVd14PefHMWLUVJABeGNfvdI9JTEcnvMKMzQbUylKZqHbeK2aZqeWYOjmwEeaXcNieNlyOxLO2CYu.A8aeabISF9HANeG1tnhmS4EcQo_R1FfKnrtAFpkqeQ3eQ.AM4HhzaT1ZYiO7E9kw0DMUNMV1SYTUSR5vjmMxkLqf2gfCckmffN9O6CZZM.yh3HO.AarHIujyqLQysbkxUme0Id1GYdEAuKxY3OUcWxdn2WHeJhdoDcaVHe_VMuX9I72EFKHgYO_ZnPInPrZlObQrHKQkCwPiLJI6AgtkEzaOURFJvJyTPj0ReZTFI.LxPOctDfth7DiTyLi86YY1YKE20wvAVo75uwYbLxBqwPrH8lHgoxK4kvj336I5cDrBLps_rwNRaRAR9TYEG6Ds0uVtNA6f1DVHSFejR3V2LwYQc.2xVFAKhdkG3vuR1n09BVjdcT6inDNdNVzKYscDZt3JIi_5mPBENc6HGy22BSAMGnIHG4eGtXmmzbKfOYEC7ENpR9rhevvdhAgix9nLLsQ1EODnzCWODIoLpbrWGpWp1rZJ4lmZQY4BFigOt0i_t9qYjnc25Vq.OT10f8F5jMpZweon9nRb_wlkPjpX6DCaNm9c__mfvSbv98N.TbADVlHO_CwcPCtHkpfse2oOMSZnFM57s8AYyBXcx4kZFrXKMwJtdRk5uvJorof68ack64v.VmS7UwtN0qSTsG364Wh.Qvfno_bARqg4i0bds3LAPb.xtOrsVC8sCTFJttvvB.hFuCxHZoYgDLFxRX7mAOVuMOjB6h84wOBSIVm3vgDkFfoFS5.dLUx3KfqYF4jMU4OM4BWEAr86JohwGGBwbqJuJ98VEwf9dUe4wlox0ydXMUMUgirM4CwUVjNIjN8iX2Fi8bDOPxxAVpHeoZsztC1Z4c3F_XbOjvelbABvsR0YeaceyC5EDGq6mbZFu8_UGem_bbt9JakPDjH.HMlam7yisrfJxHeCanOX93waDz8uzh_Zv5QNVSrNHV1xCBbsJQZ8EO31yZJAo7xOLGZroyonnjdPY0xN.G8f__uGmtZqgoOU0QOZKnp0njsXqOGORwj30saH0H1NwBeNcA94egk5.wfVywTwaIOBFeQuLPN46ybFsqcFSLD_h6InMtl4vRXCaFYkjTjDyiEEnLpa.B1aNdhm7U3EfuC65GlTrSArTY2_9SDQE.nSIMloeC8Q5reLnDW_GNuspGGjs.bqx7a8mTusbIoHuXq6MeoWAWvTygGQ5VTTY1Z5qNGuN18ghwjMmBUT6FRzfCMAWYk3I1ujuy5XS9vqjOaX9EC23sM5WBj1JSxl7buJNnoClKgs5XdeUFR5EEORi2vQgG1WogeiEgk6Lot3WKM_gT3w_B6i6Bc0pLYAGZBk0SOg5uRlt8xZQAzfDdoWRdwgHlxbvKw1G0ztOfrhzqLxZtQl.BAxxA_XSMC0bpJqNTdoauIIhGKumVXuCznOooaOPy.uueuvFi2G4a.PgUTxcFGKKEN3a6hGWfr.zbLKiCNPdHD5ZH.l8Hmwj2jVGT_uwD0yz1fvavIGDXws7xkcPQKCoBegsggamDYVoIB9H8sRWoOapasogfHhbm.dSVSNSLzglUIcO8K9cJ92WsVI4ZI_ne3KyuwyeBEDNKwm.TjvWp8gWpNcb7tVG44UDDHKoVpYXANw4g5p.2kZaNXHlyzFxj.BbZZWbB8SUNU3_YT4zFxKGrE6k8TTllrmuTO1ekZ5IF7IL57m1w_IdVtlHeW_LMOKudnGMTioIDpZtUK.ZJTDl7U3fW8JHMWoiQfe0JSugDTl_5t.HBpCYd8R75D2xnEdss1aPNGv666sadXI4D26r12fMkpdXMiwscEDZ93vC0iyLq8OcS6u"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=91354351e946f882';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/search?q=Liwen%20Hou&__cf_chl_rt_tk=3Wfy5pFPNGfCkMjpz4L2q3D.hL5PjDCK_7a3RGXveMA-1739789913-1.0.1.1-j8kl4CFfv.ag2VFXlVAJcE46gWcrtbPd4y7cgCL8x60" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>