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</div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Language</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 41 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-41" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">41 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikiquote.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%A9" title="لغة – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="لغة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikiquote.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%BE" title="ভাষা – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="ভাষা" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikiquote.org/wiki/Dil" title="Dil – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Dil" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikiquote.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Мова – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Мова" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikiquote.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%BE" title="ভাষা – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ভাষা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikiquote.org/wiki/Jezik" title="Jezik – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Jezik" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikiquote.org/wiki/Llengua" title="Llengua – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Llengua" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikiquote.org/wiki/Jazyk" title="Jazyk – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Jazyk" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikiquote.org/wiki/Iaith" title="Iaith – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Iaith" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikiquote.org/wiki/Sprache" title="Sprache – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Sprache" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikiquote.org/wiki/%CE%93%CE%BB%CF%8E%CF%83%CF%83%CE%B1" title="Γλώσσα – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Γλώσσα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikiquote.org/wiki/Lingvo" title="Lingvo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Lingvo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikiquote.org/wiki/Lenguaje" title="Lenguaje – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Lenguaje" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikiquote.org/wiki/Keel" title="Keel – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Keel" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikiquote.org/wiki/Hizkuntza" title="Hizkuntza – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Hizkuntza" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikiquote.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86" title="زبان – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="زبان" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikiquote.org/wiki/Kieli" title="Kieli – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kieli" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikiquote.org/wiki/Langage" title="Langage – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Langage" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikiquote.org/wiki/Idioma" title="Idioma – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Idioma" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikiquote.org/wiki/%D7%A9%D7%A4%D7%94" title="שפה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="שפה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikiquote.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="भाषा – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="भाषा" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikiquote.org/wiki/Nyelv" title="Nyelv – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Nyelv" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikiquote.org/wiki/%D4%BC%D5%A5%D5%A6%D5%B8%D6%82" title="Լեզու – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Լեզու" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikiquote.org/wiki/Linguaggio" title="Linguaggio – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Linguaggio" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikiquote.org/wiki/%EB%A7%90" title="말 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="말" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikiquote.org/wiki/Ziman" title="Ziman – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Ziman" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikiquote.org/wiki/Lingua" title="Lingua – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Lingua" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikiquote.org/wiki/Kalba" title="Kalba – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Kalba" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikiquote.org/wiki/Taal" title="Taal – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Taal" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikiquote.org/wiki/Spr%C3%A5k" title="Språk – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Språk" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikiquote.org/wiki/J%C4%99zyk_(mowa)" title="Język (mowa) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Język (mowa)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikiquote.org/wiki/Linguagem" title="Linguagem – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Linguagem" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikiquote.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA" title="Язык – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Язык" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikiquote.org/wiki/Jazyk" title="Jazyk – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Jazyk" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikiquote.org/wiki/Jezik" title="Jezik – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Jezik" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikiquote.org/wiki/%D0%88%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Језик – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Језик" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / 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id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ASL_family.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/ASL_family.jpg/220px-ASL_family.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/ASL_family.jpg/330px-ASL_family.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/ASL_family.jpg/440px-ASL_family.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>A conversation in American Sign Language</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Etienne_de_Condillac.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Etienne_de_Condillac.jpg/250px-Etienne_de_Condillac.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="268" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Etienne_de_Condillac.jpg/330px-Etienne_de_Condillac.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Etienne_de_Condillac.jpg/500px-Etienne_de_Condillac.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1426" data-file-height="1740" /></a><figcaption>analytical methods.—Algebra, which is adapted to its purpose in every species of expression, in the most simple, most exact, and best manner possible, is at the same time a language and an analytical method.—The art of reasoning is nothing more than a language well arranged. ~ <a href="/wiki/%C3%89tienne_Bonnot_de_Condillac" title="Étienne Bonnot de Condillac">Étienne Bonnot de Condillac</a></figcaption></figure> <p><b><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Language" class="extiw" title="w:Language">Language</a></b> is the term commonly used for any distinctive means of <a href="/wiki/Communication" title="Communication">communication</a>. There are several types of language, including written language, and oral/aural language (spoken). The study of language is commonly called <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linguistics" class="extiw" title="w:Linguistics">Linguistics</a>. </p> <dl><dd><small><b>CONTENT:</b></small> <a href="#A_-_D">A-D</a>, <a href="#E_-_H">E-H</a>, <a href="#I_-_L">I-L</a>, <a href="#M_-_P">M-P</a>, <a href="#Q_-_T">Q-T</a>, <a href="#U_-_Z">U-Z</a>, <a href="#Hoyt's_New_Cyclopedia_Of_Practical_Quotations">Hoyt's New Cyclopedia</a>, <a href="#See_also">See also</a>, <a href="#External_links">External links</a></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Quotes">Quotes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Language&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Quotes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><i>Quotes are arranged alphabetically by author</i></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="A_-_D">A - D</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Language&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: A - D"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Each language is the sign and power of the soul of the <a href="/wiki/People" class="mw-redirect" title="People">people</a> which naturally speaks it. Each develops therefore its own peculiar spirit, thought-temperament, way of dealing with life and knowledge and experience.... A <a href="/wiki/Nation" class="mw-redirect" title="Nation">nation</a>, race or people which loses its language, cannot live its whole life or its real life. And this advantage to the national life is at the same time an advantage to the general life of the human race. <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Aurobindo" title="Sri Aurobindo">Sri Aurobindo</a>, December, 1917, quoted from <a href="/wiki/Sri_Aurobindo" title="Sri Aurobindo">Sri Aurobindo</a>, ., Nahar, S., Aurobindo, ., & Institut de recherches évolutives (Paris). <i>India's rebirth: A selection from Sri Aurobindo's writing, talks and speeches.</i> Paris: Institut de Recherches Evolutives. 3rd Edition (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170826004028/http://bharatvani.org/books/ir/IR_frontpage.htm">[1]</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>Incorrigible <a href="/wiki/Humanity" title="Humanity">humanity</a>, therefore, led astray by the giant <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nimrod" class="extiw" title="w:Nimrod">Nimrod</a>, presumed in its heart to outdo in skill not only nature but the source of its own nature, who is God; and began to build a <a href="/wiki/Tower_of_Babel" title="Tower of Babel">tower</a> in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sennaar" class="extiw" title="w:Sennaar">Sennaar</a>, which afterwards was called Babel (that is, '<a href="/wiki/Confusion" title="Confusion">confusion</a>'). By this means human beings hoped to climb up to heaven, intending in their foolishness not to <a href="/wiki/Equality" title="Equality">equal</a> but to excel their creator. ... Only among those who were engaged in a particular activity did their language remain unchanged; so, for instance, there was one for all the <a href="/wiki/Architecture" title="Architecture">architects</a>, one for all the carriers of <a href="/wiki/Stone" title="Stone">stones</a>, one for all the stone-breakers, and so on for all the different operations. As many as were the <a href="/wiki/Division_of_labor" title="Division of labor">types of work</a> involved in the enterprise, so many were the <a href="/wiki/Jargon" title="Jargon">languages</a> by which the human race was fragmented; and the more skill required for the type of work, the more <a href="/wiki/Philistinism" title="Philistinism">rudimentary and barbaric</a> the language they now spoke. But the holy tongue remained to those who had neither joined in the project nor praised it, but instead, thoroughly disdaining it, had made fun of the builders' stupidity. <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dante_Alighieri" title="Dante Alighieri">Dante Alighieri</a>, <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_vulgari_eloquentia" class="extiw" title="w:De vulgari eloquentia">De vulgari eloquentia</a></i>, Chapter VII</li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>Any author who uses <a href="/wiki/Mathematics" title="Mathematics">mathematics</a> should always express in ordinary language the meaning of the assumptions he admits, as well as the significance of the results obtained. The more abstract his theory, the more imperative this obligation. <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Allais" title="Maurice Allais">Maurice Allais</a>, <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.canalacademie.com/Maurice-Allais-la-formation.html">La formation scientifique, Une communication du Prix Nobel d’économie, Maurice Allais</a></i>, address to the Académie des Sciences Morales et Politiques (1997).</li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>LANGUAGE, <i>n.</i> The <a href="/wiki/Music" title="Music">music</a> with which we charm the <a href="/wiki/Snakes" title="Snakes">serpents</a> guarding another's <a href="/wiki/Treasures" class="mw-redirect" title="Treasures">treasure</a>. <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ambrose_Bierce" title="Ambrose Bierce">Ambrose Bierce</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=CboOAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA215"><i>The Cynic's Word Book</i></a> (1906); republished as <i>The Devil's Dictionary</i> (1911).</li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>It does not seem likely [...] that there is any direct relation between the culture of a tribe and the language they speak, except in so far as the form of the language will be moulded by the state of the culture, but not in so far as a certain state of the culture is conditioned by the morphological traits of the language <ul><li>Franz Boas (1911), <i>[ <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=EnZC68mmRhQC">https://books.google.com/books?id=EnZC68mmRhQC</a> Handbook of American Indian languages]</i> (Bureau of American Ethnology, Bulletin 40. Washington: Government Print Office (Smithsonian Institution, Bureau of American Ethnology</li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><b>The language denotes the man.</b> A coarse or refined character finds its expression naturally in a coarse or refined phraseology. <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Nestell_Bovee" title="Christian Nestell Bovee">Christian Nestell Bovee</a>, <i>Intuitions and Summaries of Thought</i> (1862), Volume II, p. 7.</li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>The only thing in <a href="/wiki/Life" title="Life">life</a> is language. Not love. Not anything else. <ul><li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Burton" class="extiw" title="w:Richard Burton">Richard Burton</a> as quoted by Melvyn Bragg in <i>Richard Burton: A Life</i> (1988)</li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>One does not inhabit a country; one inhabits a language. That is our country, our fatherland — and no other. <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Emil_Cioran" title="Emil Cioran">Emil Cioran</a>, <i>Anathemas and Admirations</i>, as translated by Richard Howard (Arcade Publishing: 1991), p. 12.</li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><b>We think only through the medium of <a href="/wiki/Words" title="Words">words</a>.</b>—Languages are true analytical methods.—Algebra, which is adapted to its purpose in every species of expression, in the most simple, most exact, and best manner possible, is at the same time a language and an analytical method.—The art of reasoning is nothing more than a language well arranged. <ul><li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89tienne_Bonnot_de_Condillac" class="extiw" title="w:Étienne Bonnot de Condillac">Étienne Bonnot de Condillac</a>, <i>System of Logic</i> quoted by <a href="/wiki/Antoine_Lavoisier" title="Antoine Lavoisier">Antoine Lavoisier</a>, Traité Élémentaire de Chimie (1789) translated by <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Kerr" class="extiw" title="w:Robert Kerr">Robert Kerr</a> as <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/30775"><i>Elements of Chemistry</i></a> (1790).</li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>Oppressed groups are frequently placed in the situation of being listened to only if we frame our ideas in the language that is familiar to and comfortable for a dominant group. This requirement often changes the meaning of our ideas and works to elevate the ideas of dominant groups. <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Patricia_Hill_Collins" title="Patricia Hill Collins">Patricia Hill Collins</a>, <i>Black Feminist Thought: Knowledge, Consciousness, and the Politics of Empowerment</i> (2000) p. vii</li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>Although excessive <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Screen_time" class="extiw" title="w:Screen time">screen time</a> is often frowned upon, language experts say that watching shows in a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foreign_language" class="extiw" title="w:Foreign language">foreign language</a> -- if done with near <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obsession" class="extiw" title="w:Obsession">obsession</a> -- can help someone learn that language. <br /> "These stories are hugely common," said Melissa Baese-Berk, associate professor of linguistics and director of the Second Language Acquisition and Teaching program at the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Oregon" class="extiw" title="w:University of Oregon">University of Oregon</a>. She points to a <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">New York Times</a> story about professional <a href="/wiki/Baseball" title="Baseball">baseball</a> players from <a href="/wiki/Latin_America" title="Latin America">Latin America</a> who learned <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a> by watching "<a href="/wiki/Friends_(TV_series)" title="Friends (TV series)">Friends</a>" with <a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subtitles" class="extiw" title="w:Subtitles">subtitles</a>. <br /> But they didn't just watch "Friends"; they watched it over and over again. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philadelphia_Phillies" class="extiw" title="w:Philadelphia Phillies">Philadelphia Phillies</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shortstop" class="extiw" title="w:Shortstop">shortstop</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freddy_Galvis" class="extiw" title="w:Freddy Galvis">Freddy Galvis</a> told the Times that he had watched every episode of the 10-season show at least five times. <br /> Stephen Snyder, dean of language schools at <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middlebury_College" class="extiw" title="w:Middlebury College">Middlebury College</a> in <a href="/wiki/Vermont" title="Vermont">Vermont</a>, said this story sounds familiar to him. <br /> "Our <a href="/wiki/Japanese_language" title="Japanese language">Japanese</a> classes are full of <a href="/wiki/Chinese_people" title="Chinese people">Chinese</a> students and <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">American</a> students who grew up watching <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japanese</a> <a href="/wiki/Anime" class="mw-redirect" title="Anime">anime</a>, and without having any formal training in Japanese, their comprehension is quite reasonable," he said. "It's a transnational phenomenon, and it makes sense." Baese-Berk says science supports what these young people have experienced. Studies show that it's best to acquire a language through both active and passive learning, and watching shows in a foreign language involves both. <br /> Trying to figure out a word that a character in a telenovela is saying would be an example of active learning, and admiring the character's outfit while hearing Spanish in the background would be an example of passive learning, she said. <ul><li>Elizabeth Cohen, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnn.com/2018/03/19/health/learn-new-language-telenovela-trick/index.html">“The television trick to learning a new language”</a>, <i>CNN</i>, (last updated March 19, 2018).</li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>The common faults of American language are an ambition of effect, a want of simplicity, and a turgid abuse of terms. <ul><li><a href="/wiki/James_Fenimore_Cooper" title="James Fenimore Cooper">James Fenimore Cooper</a>, "On Language" <i>The American Democrat</i> (1838).</li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>If you smile at me I will understand, cause that is something everybody everywhere does in the same language. <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crosby,_Stills,_%26_Nash&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Crosby, Stills, & Nash (page does not exist)">Crosby, Stills, & Nash</a> Wooden Ships (1969)</li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>Many languages fly around the world<br />producing sparks when they collide<br />sometimes of hate<br />sometimes of love <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bei_Dao" title="Bei Dao">Bei Dao</a>, "Language", in <i>The August Sleepwalker</i>, trans. Bonnie S. McDougall (New York: New Directions, 1990), p. 121</li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><b>In language, the <a href="/wiki/Ignorant" class="mw-redirect" title="Ignorant">ignorant</a> have prescribed <a href="/wiki/Laws" class="mw-redirect" title="Laws">laws</a> to the learned.</b> <ul><li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Duppa" class="extiw" title="w:Richard Duppa">Richard Duppa</a> <i>Maxims</i> No. 252 (1830).</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="E_-_H">E - H</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Language&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: E - H"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Language may be said, in fact, to be the most indispensable instrument of civilization. It is the means whereby the whole life of the past has been handed to us in the present. It is the means whereby we in turn record, preserve, and transmit our <a href="/wiki/Science" title="Science">science</a>, our industrial methods, our laws, our customs. If human relations were possible at all without a language, they would have to begin anew, without any cultural inheritance, in each generation. <a href="/wiki/Education" title="Education">Education</a>, the transmitter of the achievements of the mature generation to the one maturing, is dependent on this unique human capacity to make seen marks and heard sounds stand for other things. <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Irwin_Edman" title="Irwin Edman">Irwin Edman</a>, <cite style="font-style:normal" class="book"><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/books?id=gQFMAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA15">Human Traits and Their Social Significance</a></i>. Houghton Mifflin. 1920. p. 15.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Human+Traits+and+Their+Social+Significance&rft.date=1920&rft.pages=p.%26nbsp%3B15&rft.pub=Houghton+Mifflin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DgQFMAAAAIAAJ%26pg%3DPA15&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Language"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><b>Language is a city to the building of which every human being brought a stone.</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Waldo_Emerson" title="Ralph Waldo Emerson">Ralph Waldo Emerson</a>, <i>Letters and Social Aims</i> (1876), <i>Quotation and Originality</i>.</li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>Chant to him the holy <a href="/wiki/Song" title="Song">song</a>, the incantation sung in its chambers -- the incantation of <a href="/wiki/Nudimmud" class="mw-redirect" title="Nudimmud">Nudimmud</a>: "On that <a href="/wiki/Day" title="Day">day</a> when there is no <a href="/wiki/Snake" class="mw-redirect" title="Snake">snake</a>, when there is no scorpion, when there is no hyena, when there is no <a href="/wiki/Lion" class="mw-redirect" title="Lion">lion</a>, when there is neither <a href="/wiki/Dog" class="mw-redirect" title="Dog">dog</a> nor <a href="/wiki/Wolf" class="mw-redirect" title="Wolf">wolf</a>, when there is thus neither <a href="/wiki/Fear" title="Fear">fear</a> nor trembling, man has no rival! At such a <a href="/wiki/Time" title="Time">time</a>, may the lands of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subartu" class="extiw" title="w:Subartu">Šubur</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamazi" class="extiw" title="w:Hamazi">Ḫamazi</a>, the many-tongued, and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumer" class="extiw" title="wikipedia:Sumer">Sumer</a>, the great <a href="/wiki/Mountain" title="Mountain">mountain</a> of the <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Me_(mythology)" class="extiw" title="w:Me (mythology)">me</a></i> of magnificence, and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akkad" class="extiw" title="wikipedia:Akkad">Akkad</a>, the land possessing all that is befitting, and the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amorites" class="extiw" title="w:Amorites">Martu</a> land, resting in security -- the whole <a href="/wiki/Universe" title="Universe">universe</a>, the well-guarded people -- may they all address <a href="/wiki/Enlil" title="Enlil">Enlil</a> together in a single language! ... <a href="/wiki/Enki" title="Enki">Enki</a>, the lord of abundance and of steadfast decisions, the wise and <a href="/wiki/Knowing" class="mw-redirect" title="Knowing">knowing</a> lord of the Land, the <a href="/wiki/Expert" title="Expert">expert</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Gods" class="mw-redirect" title="Gods">gods</a>, chosen for <a href="/wiki/Wisdom" title="Wisdom">wisdom</a>, the lord of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eridu" class="extiw" title="w:Eridu">Eridug</a>, shall <a href="/wiki/Change" title="Change">change</a> the <a href="/wiki/Speech" title="Speech">speech</a> in their <a href="/wiki/Mouths" title="Mouths">mouths</a>, as many as he had placed there, and so the speech of <a href="/wiki/Mankind" class="mw-redirect" title="Mankind">mankind</a> is truly one." <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Enmerkar" title="Enmerkar">Enmerkar</a>, in <i><a href="/wiki/Enmerkar_and_the_Lord_of_Aratta" title="Enmerkar and the Lord of Aratta">Enmerkar and the Lord of Aratta</a></i>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neo-Sumerian" class="extiw" title="wikipedia:Neo-Sumerian">Neo-Sumerian</a> period (ca. 21st century BCE). <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://etcsl.orinst.ox.ac.uk/section1/tr1823.htm">[2]</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>I am fascinated by how language can take shape through bold <a href="/wiki/Typography" title="Typography">typography</a> to inspire or demoralize, <a href="/wiki/Unity" title="Unity">unite</a> or divide, raise <a href="/wiki/Awareness" title="Awareness">awareness</a> or spread false <a href="/wiki/Belief" title="Belief">beliefs</a>.<i></i> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Filippos_Fragkogiannis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Filippos Fragkogiannis (page does not exist)">Filippos Fragkogiannis</a>, as quoted in <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://type-01.com/the-latest-on-language-design-from-certain-magazine-founder-filippos-fragkogiannis">Type 01</a> <i>type-01.com</i> (September 23, 2020)</li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>Now the whole world had one language and a common speech. As people moved eastward, they found a plain in Shinar and settled there. <br /> They said to each other, “Come, let’s make bricks and bake them thoroughly.” They used brick instead of stone, and tar for mortar. Then they said, “Come, let us build ourselves a city, with a tower that reaches to the heavens, so that we may make a name for ourselves; otherwise we will be scattered over the face of the whole earth.” <br /> But the Lord came down to see the city and the tower the people were building. The Lord said, “If as one people speaking the same language they have begun to do this, then nothing they plan to do will be impossible for them. Come, let us go down and confuse their language so they will not understand each other.” <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Genesis" title="Genesis">Genesis</a> 11:1-9</li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>Okay, boys. Tonight's <a href="/w/index.php?title=Homework&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Homework (page does not exist)">homework</a>. <a href="/wiki/Algebra" title="Algebra">Algebra</a>: x to the nth + y to the nth = z to the nth. Well, you're never gonna use that, are you? <a href="/wiki/Imperialism" title="Imperialism">Imperialism</a> and the <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">First World War</a>. What was done is done. No point thinking about it now. <a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a>, <a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a>. Ja, ja, oui, oui, si, si. It's nonsense. Everyone speaks English anyway. And if they don't, they ought to. <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Devil" class="mw-redirect" title="The Devil">The Devil</a> as interpreted by <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_Hurley" class="extiw" title="w:Elizabeth Hurley">Elizabeth Hurley</a> in <i><a href="/wiki/Bedazzled_(2000_film)" title="Bedazzled (2000 film)">Bedazzled</a></i>, (2000), written by Larry Gelbart, Harold Ramis and Peter Tolan</li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>Every time that the language question appears, in one mode or another, it signifies that a series of other problems are beginning to impose themselves: the formation and growth of the ruling class, the need to stabilize the most intimate and secure links between that ruling group and the popular national masses, that is, to reorganize cultural hegemony. <ul><li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antonio_Gramsci" class="extiw" title="w:Antonio Gramsci">Antonio Gramsci</a> in <i>Quaderni dal Carcere</i>, 1935, as quoted in <i>The Social History of Language</i> by P. Burke and R. Porter (1987).</li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>Not only the entire <a href="/wiki/Ability" title="Ability">ability</a> to think rests on language... but language is also the <i>crux of the misunderstanding of <a href="/wiki/Reason" title="Reason">reason</a> with itself</i>. <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Georg_Hamann" title="Johann Georg Hamann">Johann Georg Hamann</a>, <i>Sämtliche Werken</i>, ed. Josef Nadler (1949-1957), vol. III, p. 286.</li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>I have no sympathy with the criticism which would treat English as a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/dead_language" class="extiw" title="wikipedia:dead language">dead language</a>—a thing crystallised at an arbitrarily selected stage of its existence, and bidden to forget that it has a past and deny that it has a future. Purism, whether in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/grammar" class="extiw" title="wikipedia:grammar">grammar</a> or <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/vocabulary" class="extiw" title="wikipedia:vocabulary">vocabulary</a>, almost always means ignorance. Language was made before grammar, not grammar before language. As for the people who make it their business to insist on the utmost possible impoverishment of our English vocabulary, they seem to me to ignore the lessons of <a href="/wiki/History" title="History">history</a>, <a href="/wiki/Science" title="Science">science</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Common_sense" title="Common sense">common-sense</a>. <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Hardy" title="Thomas Hardy">Thomas Hardy</a>, as quoted by <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Archer_(critic)" class="extiw" title="wikipedia:William Archer (critic)">William Archer</a> in: <cite style="font-style:normal" class="book"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books/about/Real_Conversations.html?id=KGBLAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA49">"Chapter II. Conversation with Mr. Thomas Hardy"</a>. London: William Heinemann. 1904. pp. 29–50.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Chapter+II.+Conversation+with+Mr.+Thomas+Hardy&rft.atitle=&rft.date=1904&rft.pages=pp.%26nbsp%3B29%E2%80%9350&rft.place=London&rft.pub=William+Heinemann&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Language"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span> (quote from p. 49; conversation recorded in February 1901)</li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Prophets" class="mw-redirect" title="Prophets">Prophets</a> hold a <a href="/wiki/Key" title="Key">key</a> to the lock in a <a class="mw-selflink selflink">language</a>.</b> The <a href="/wiki/Mechanical" class="mw-redirect" title="Mechanical">mechanical</a> image remains only an image to them. <b>This is not a mechanical <a href="/wiki/Universe" title="Universe">universe</a>.</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Herbert" title="Frank Herbert">Frank Herbert</a> in <i><a href="/wiki/Dune#God_Emperor_of_Dune_.281981.29" title="Dune">God Emperor of Dune</a></i> (1981)</li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><b>One of the results of the rapid <a href="/w/index.php?title=Depersonalization&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Depersonalization (page does not exist)">depersonalization</a> of our age is a crisis of <a href="/wiki/Speech" title="Speech">speech</a>, profanation of language.</b> We have trifled with the name of <a href="/wiki/God" title="God">God</a>, we have taken the name and the <a href="/wiki/Word" class="mw-redirect" title="Word">word</a> of the Holy in vain. <b>Language has been reduced to labels, talk has become double-talk. We are in the process of losing faith in the reality of words.</b> <br /> Yet prayer can happen only when words reverberate with power and inner life, when uttered as an earnest, as a promise. On the other hand, there is a high degree of <a href="/wiki/Obsolescence" title="Obsolescence">obsolescence</a> in the traditional language of the <a href="/wiki/Theology" title="Theology">theology</a> of <a href="/wiki/Prayer" title="Prayer">prayer</a>. <b>Renewal of prayer calls for a renewal of language, of cleansing the words, of revival of meanings. <br /> The strength of faith is in silence, and in words that hibernate and wait.</b> Uttered faith must come out as a surplus of <a href="/wiki/Silence" title="Silence">silence</a>, as the fruit of lived <a href="/wiki/Faith" title="Faith">faith</a>, of enduring <a href="/wiki/Intimacy" title="Intimacy">intimacy</a>. <br /> <a href="/wiki/Theology" title="Theology">Theological</a> education must deepen privacy, strive for daily renewal of innerness, cultivate ingredients of <a href="/wiki/Religiousness" title="Religiousness">religious</a> <a href="/wiki/Existence" title="Existence">existence</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Reverence" title="Reverence">reverence</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Responsibility" title="Responsibility">responsibility</a></i>. <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abraham_Joshua_Heschel" title="Abraham Joshua Heschel">Abraham Joshua Heschel</a>, <i>Moral Grandeur and Spiritual Audacity: Essays</i> (1997), "No Religion is an Island", p. 264</li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>The diversity of languages is not a diversity of signs and sounds but a diversity of <a href="/wiki/World_view" title="World view">views of the world</a>. <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_von_Humboldt" title="Wilhelm von Humboldt">Wilhelm von Humboldt</a>, (1820); in Jürgen Trabant, "How relativistic are Humboldts "Weltansichten"?"; in Martin Putz; Marjolyn Verspoor, eds. (2000), <i>Explorations in linguistic relativity</i>, John Benjamins Publishing Company, <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789027237064" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-90-272-3706-4</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>The people from <a href="/wiki/Prague" title="Prague">Prague</a> and other <a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic">Czechs</a> should be whipped who speak half Czech and half German (...) And who could enumerate how the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czech_language" class="extiw" title="w:Czech language">Czech language</a> has already been corrupted, so that the true Czech hears they speak, but he does not understand them. And from that arises envy, anger, conflict, strife and Czech humiliation. <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jan_Hus" title="Jan Hus">Jan Hus</a> in <i>Výklad viery, desatera a páteře</i> (<i>Interpretation of the Faith, the Ten Commandments and the Lord's Prayer</i>) as quoted in <i>A Companion to Jan Hus</i> (2015) by František Šmahel (ed.), pp. 190-191.</li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>Language is the picture and counterpart of thought. <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Hopkins_(educator)" title="Mark Hopkins (educator)">Mark Hopkins</a>, Address, Dedication of Williston Seminary, Dec. 1, 1841.</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="I_-_L">I - L</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Language&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: I - L"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>I first said "No; that is the <a href="/wiki/White_people" title="White people">white man</a>'s <a href="/wiki/God" title="God">God</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">the white man's religion</a>; and <a href="/wiki/God_in_Christianity" title="God in Christianity">that God</a> would not have anything to do with the <a href="/wiki/Native_Americans_in_the_United_States" title="Native Americans in the United States">Indians</a>." …I thought that God could only understand English... I then met with Peter Jones, who was <a href="/wiki/Christianization" title="Christianization">converted</a> a few months before me, and, to my surprise, I hear him return thanks, at meal, in <a href="/wiki/Ojibwe" title="Ojibwe">Ojibway</a>. This was quite enough for me. I now saw that God could understand me in my Ojibway, and therefor went far into the woods and prayed, in the Ojibway tongue. <ul><li>Pahtahsegay (Peter Jacobs), about <a href="/wiki/Peter_Jones" class="mw-redirect" title="Peter Jones">Peter Jones</a> quoted in: Hope MacLean (2002). <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.brandonu.ca/Library/CJNS/22.1/cjnsv.22no.1_pg23-63.pdf">A positive experiment in aboriginal education: The Methodist Ojibwa day schools in Upper Canada, 1824-1833</a></i>. The Canadian Journal of Native Studies <b>XXII</b>: 29.</li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><b>Language is the dress of thought.</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Johnson" title="Samuel Johnson">Samuel Johnson</a>, <i>Lives of the English Poets</i> (1781), "The Life of Cowley".</li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>When I read great <a href="/wiki/Literature" title="Literature">literature</a>, great <a href="/wiki/Drama" class="mw-redirect" title="Drama">drama</a>, <a href="/wiki/Speeches" class="mw-redirect" title="Speeches">speeches</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Sermon" title="Sermon">sermons</a>, I feel that the human <a href="/wiki/Mind" title="Mind">mind</a> has not achieved anything greater than the ability to share <a href="/wiki/Feelings" title="Feelings">feelings</a> and <a href="/wiki/Thought" title="Thought">thoughts</a> through language. <ul><li><a href="/wiki/James_Earl_Jones" title="James Earl Jones">James Earl Jones</a>, 'Voices and Silences <i> (1993) co-written with Penelope Niven; also 2nd edition </i>Voices and Silences: With a New Epilogue<i> (2002) p. 373</i></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>There was a silence; then, clearing his throat, "Once upon a time," the Director began, "while <a href="/wiki/Henry_Ford" title="Henry Ford">our Ford</a> was still on <a href="/wiki/Earth" title="Earth">earth</a>, there was a little boy called Reuben Rabinovitch. Reuben was the child of <a href="/wiki/Polish_people" title="Polish people">Polish-speaking parents</a>."</li></ul> <dl><dd>The Director interrupted himself. "You know what Polish is, I suppose?"</dd> <dd>"A dead language."</dd> <dd>"Like French and German," added another student, officiously showing off his learning. <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aldous_Huxley" title="Aldous Huxley">Aldous Huxley</a> <a href="/wiki/Brave_New_World" title="Brave New World">Brave New World</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.huxley.net/bnw/one.html">ch.2</a></li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li>Learning a language stretches a long way to help create <a href="/wiki/Trust" title="Trust">trust</a>, to strengthen our ability to <a href="/wiki/Communication" title="Communication">communicate</a> and to <a href="/wiki/Understanding" title="Understanding">understand</a> another people. It also signals willingness to give up centrality. <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Melanie_Kaye/Kantrowitz" title="Melanie Kaye/Kantrowitz">Melanie Kaye/Kantrowitz</a> “Nine Suggestions For Radicals, or Lessons From the Gulf War” in <i>The Issue is Power: Essays on Women, Jews, Violence and Resistance</i> (1992)</li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>When a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extinct_language" class="extiw" title="w:Extinct language">language dies</a>, so much more than words are lost. Language is the dwelling place of ideas that do not exist anywhere else. It is a prism through which to see the world. <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Robin_Wall_Kimmerer" title="Robin Wall Kimmerer">Robin Wall Kimmerer</a>, <cite style="font-style:normal" class="book"><i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braiding_Sweetgrass" class="extiw" title="wikipedia:Braiding Sweetgrass">Braiding Sweetgrass</a>: Indigenous Wisdom, Scientific Knowledge and the Teachings of Plants</i>. Milkweed Editions. 16 September 2013. p. 258. <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-57131-871-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-57131-871-8">ISBN 978-1-57131-871-8</a>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%5B%5B%3Awikipedia%3ABraiding+Sweetgrass%7CBraiding+Sweetgrass%5D%5D%3A+Indigenous+Wisdom%2C+Scientific+Knowledge+and+the+Teachings+of+Plants&rft.date=16+September+2013&rft.pages=p.%26nbsp%3B258&rft.pub=Milkweed+Editions&rft.isbn=978-1-57131-871-8&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Language"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>We do not realize what tremendous power the structure of an habitual language has. It is not an exaggeration to say that it enslaves us through the mechanism of s[emantic] r[eactions] and that the structure which a language exhibits, and impresses upon us unconsciously, is automatically projected upon the world around us. <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Korzybski" title="Alfred Korzybski">Alfred Korzybski</a>, (1958) <i>Science and Sanity: An Introduction to Non-Aristotelian Systems and General Semantics</i>. Institute of GS. <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780937298015" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-937298-01-5</a>.</li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Words" title="Words">Words</a> alike make the <a href="/wiki/Destiny" title="Destiny">destiny</a> of <a href="/wiki/Empire" title="Empire">empires</a> and of <a href="/wiki/Individualism" title="Individualism">individuals</a>. <a href="/wiki/Ambition" title="Ambition">Ambition</a>, <a href="/wiki/Love" title="Love">love</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hatred" title="Hatred">hate</a>, <a href="/wiki/Self_interest" class="mw-redirect" title="Self interest">interest</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vanity" title="Vanity">vanity</a>, have words for their engines, and need none more powerful. Language is a fifth element — the one by which all the others are swayed. <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Letitia_Elizabeth_Landon" title="Letitia Elizabeth Landon">Letitia Elizabeth Landon</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Francesca_Carrara" title="Francesca Carrara">Francesca Carrara</a></i> (1834), Vol. III, Chapter 24</li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>… and French and <a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a> were, it must be owned, somewhat unnecessary to one who considered her own language an unnecessary fatigue. <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Letitia_Elizabeth_Landon" title="Letitia Elizabeth Landon">Letitia Elizabeth Landon</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Romance_and_Reality" title="Romance and Reality">Romance and Reality</a></i> (1831), Vol. I, Chapter 4</li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><b>Henry Drummond</b>: Language is a poor enough means of <a href="/wiki/Communication" title="Communication">communication</a>. I think we should use all the <a href="/wiki/Words" title="Words">words</a> we've got. Besides, there are damned few words that anybody <a href="/wiki/Understands" class="mw-redirect" title="Understands">understands</a>! <ul><li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inherit_the_Wind_(1960_film)" class="extiw" title="w:Inherit the Wind (1960 film)">Inherit the Wind (1960 film)</a>, Jerome Lawrence and Robert Edwin Lee</li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>Each of us is here now because in one way or another we share a commitment to language and to the power of language, and to the reclaiming of that language which has been made to work against us. In the transformation of silence into language and action, it is vitally necessary for each one of us to establish or examine her function in that transformation and to recognize her role as vital within that transformation. <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Audre_Lorde" title="Audre Lorde">Audre Lorde</a>, <cite style="font-style:normal" class="book"><i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sister_Outsider" class="extiw" title="wikipedia:Sister Outsider">Sister Outsider</a>: Essays and Speeches</i>. Crossing Press. 1984. p. 43. <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-89594-142-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-89594-142-8">ISBN 978-0-89594-142-8</a>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%5B%5B%3Awikipedia%3ASister+Outsider%7CSister+Outsider%5D%5D%3A+Essays+and+Speeches&rft.date=1984&rft.pages=p.%26nbsp%3B43&rft.pub=Crossing+Press&rft.isbn=978-0-89594-142-8&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Language"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>For those of us who write, it is necessary to scrutinize not only the <a href="/wiki/Truth" title="Truth">truth</a> of what we speak, but the truth of that language by which we speak it. For others, it is to share and spread also those words that are meaningful to us. <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Audre_Lorde" title="Audre Lorde">Audre Lorde</a>, <cite style="font-style:normal" class="book"><i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sister_Outsider" class="extiw" title="wikipedia:Sister Outsider">Sister Outsider</a>: Essays and Speeches</i>. Crossing Press. 1984. p. 43. <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-89594-142-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-89594-142-8">ISBN 978-0-89594-142-8</a>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%5B%5B%3Awikipedia%3ASister+Outsider%7CSister+Outsider%5D%5D%3A+Essays+and+Speeches&rft.date=1984&rft.pages=p.%26nbsp%3B43&rft.pub=Crossing+Press&rft.isbn=978-0-89594-142-8&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Language"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="M_-_P">M - P</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Language&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: M - P"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>How else can I say it? I don't speak no other languages. <ul><li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bubba_Sparxxx" class="extiw" title="w:Bubba Sparxxx">Warren A. Mathis</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LxV3O9KfK7Q">"Ugly"</a> (6 August 2001), <i>Dark Days, Bright Nights</i></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>Men learned to speak in order to understand one another. Cultural languages have lost the ability to help men to advance beyond the most rudimentary level and attain understanding. It seems that the time has come to learn to be silent once again. <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fritz_Mauthner" title="Fritz Mauthner">Fritz Mauthner</a>, <i>Beiträge zu einer Kritik der Sprache</i>, 1923, I, p. 56; as quoted in <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://wittgensteinrepository.org/agora-alws/article/view/2659/3042">[3]</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>Here it is fitting to remark that the study of the spontaneous growth of languages is of the utmost importance to those who would logically remodel them. <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Stuart_Mill" title="John Stuart Mill">John Stuart Mill</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_System_of_Logic" class="extiw" title="w:A System of Logic">A System of Logic</a> Long and Green and co. 1900. Page 100.</li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>Nothing in language is immutably fixed: the best writers are constantly changing it. Absolute government by dictionary would mean the arrest of this healthy process of change and growth. <ul><li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Edward_Montague" class="extiw" title="w:Charles Edward Montague">C. E. Montague</a>, quoted in Elton, Oliver, ‘’C. E. Montague: A Memoir’’, London, Chatto & Windus, 1929. Also quoted in Murphy, Edward F., <i>The Crown Treasury of Relevant Quotations</i>, New York : Crown Publishers, 1978 (pg. 216).</li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>Now the whole world had one language and a common speech. As people moved eastward, they found a plain in Shinarb and settled there. They said to each other, “Come, let’s make bricks and bake them thoroughly.” They used brick instead of stone, and tar for mortar. Then they said, “Come, let us build ourselves a city, with a tower that reaches to the heavens, so that we may make a name for ourselves; otherwise we will be scattered over the face of the whole earth.” But the Lord came down to see the city and the tower the people were building. The Lord said, “If as one people speaking the same language they have begun to do this, then nothing they plan to do will be impossible for them. Come, let us go down and confuse their language so they will not understand each other.” <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Moses" title="Moses">Moses</a>, <a href="/wiki/Genesis" title="Genesis">Genesis</a> 11:1-7</li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>No jobs, no people. No people, no <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaeltacht" class="extiw" title="wikipedia:Gaeltacht">Gaeltacht</a>. No Gaeltacht, no language. <ul><li>Attributed to <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom_O%27Donnell" class="extiw" title="wikipedia:Tom O'Donnell">Tom O'Donnell</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=70MryzHjgOoC&pg=PA211">[4]</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>Language was our secret weapon, and as soon we got language we became a really dangerous species. <ul><li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_Pagel" class="extiw" title="w:Mark Pagel">Mark Pagel</a> of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Reading" class="extiw" title="w:University of Reading">University of Reading</a>, in <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2011/04/15/science/15language.html">Phonetic Clues Hint Language Is Africa-Born</a> by Nicholas Wade, 14 April 2011</li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Literature" title="Literature">Literature</a> has something to do with language. There's probably a natural grammar at the tip of your tongue. You may not believe it, but if you say what's on your mind in the language that comes to you from your parents and your street and friends, you'll probably say something beautiful. Still, if you weren't a tough, recalcitrant kid, that language may have been destroyed by the tongues of school-teachers who were ashamed of interesting homes, inflection, and language and left them all for correct usage. <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grace_Paley" title="Grace Paley">Grace Paley</a> "Some Notes on Teaching" (1970)</li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>“Strength of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creative_writing" class="extiw" title="w:Creative writing">creative writing</a> lies in the skill of handling words and articulating artistic expression of feelings.” <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Suman_Pokhrel" title="Suman Pokhrel">Suman Pokhrel</a>, Tales of Transformation: English Translation of Tagore's Chitrangada and Chandalika by Lopamudra Banerjee, (2018) Foreword.</li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>“Language is texture of images and music. We speak in images and rhythm, by taking help of words.” <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Suman_Pokhrel" title="Suman Pokhrel">Suman Pokhrel</a>, Tales of Transformation: English Translation of Tagore's Chitrangada and Chandalika by Lopamudra Banerjee, (2018) Foreword.</li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>“Chance of source language influencing the target language and that of the translator intervening onto the style of original writer are major challenges in literary translation.” <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Suman_Pokhrel" title="Suman Pokhrel">Suman Pokhrel</a>, Tales of Transformation: English Translation of Tagore's Chitrangada and Chandalika by Lopamudra Banerjee, (2018) Foreword.</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Q_-_T">Q - T</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Language&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Q - T"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hermann_Ebbinghaus" title="Hermann Ebbinghaus">Ebbinghaus</a>: Language is a system of conventional signs that can be voluntarily produced at any time.</li></ul> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Benedetto_Croce" title="Benedetto Croce">Croce</a>: Language is articulated, limited sound organized for the purpose of expression.</dd> <dd>Dittrich: Language is the totality of expressive abilities of individual human beings and <a href="/wiki/Animals" title="Animals">animals</a> capable of being understood by at least one other individual.</dd> <dd><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanns_Eisler" class="extiw" title="w:Hanns Eisler">Eisler</a>: Language is any expression of experiences by a creature with a soul.</dd> <dd>B. Erdmann: Language is not a kind of communication of ideas but a kind of <a href="/wiki/Thought" title="Thought">thinking</a>: stated or formulated thinking. Language is a tool, and in fact a tool or organ of thinking that is unique to us as human beings.</dd> <dd><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duncan_Forbes_(linguist)" class="extiw" title="w:Duncan Forbes (linguist)">Forbes</a>: Language is an ordered sequence of words by which a speaker expresses his thoughts with the intention of making them known to a hearer.</dd> <dd><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Harris_(grammarian)" class="extiw" title="w:James Harris (grammarian)">J. Harris</a>: Words are the <a href="/wiki/Symbols" title="Symbols">symbols</a> of ideas both general and particular: of the general, primarily, essentially and immediately; of the particular, only secondarily, accidentally and mediately.</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Hegel" class="mw-redirect" title="Hegel">Hegel</a>: Language is the act of theoretical intelligence in its true sense, for it is its outward expression.</dd> <dd><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otto_Jespersen" class="extiw" title="w:Otto Jespersen">Jespersen</a>: Language is human activity which has the aim of communicating <a href="/wiki/Ideas" title="Ideas">ideas</a> and <a href="/wiki/Emotions" title="Emotions">emotions</a>.</dd> <dd><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/de:Friedrich_Jodl" class="extiw" title="w:de:Friedrich Jodl">Jodl</a>: Verbal language is the ability of man to fashion, by means of combined tones and sounds based on a limited numbers of elements, the total stock of his perceptions and conceptions in this natural tone material in such a way that this <a href="/wiki/Psychology" title="Psychology">psychological</a> process is clear and comprehensible to others to its least detail.</dd> <dd>Kainz: Language is a structure of signs, with the help of which the representation of ideas and facts may be effected, so that things that are not present, even things that are completely imperceptible to the senses, may be represented.</dd> <dd><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederica_de_Laguna" class="extiw" title="w:Frederica de Laguna">De Laguna</a>: Speech is the great medium through which human co-operation is brought about.</dd> <dd>Marty: Language is any intentional utterance of sounds as a sign of a psychic state.</dd> <dd><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walter_Bowers_Pillsbury" class="extiw" title="w:Walter Bowers Pillsbury">Pillsbury</a>-Meader: Language is a means or instrument for the communication of thought, including ideas and emotions.</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_de_Saussure" title="Ferdinand de Saussure">De Saussure</a>: Language is a system of signs expressive of ideas.</dd> <dd>Schuchardt. The essence of language lies in communication.</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Edward_Sapir" title="Edward Sapir">Sapir</a>: Language is a purely human and non-instinctive method of communicating ideas, emotions and desires by means of a system of voluntarily produced symbols. <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Geza_Revesz" class="mw-redirect" title="Geza Revesz">Geza Revesz</a>, <i>The Origins and Prehistory of Language</i>, London 1956. Footnote at pp. 126-127</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li>I believe in the necessity for a <a href="/wiki/Poetry" title="Poetry">poetic</a> language untethered from the compromised language of <a href="/wiki/State" title="State">state</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mass_media" title="Mass media">media</a>. <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adrienne_Rich" title="Adrienne Rich">Adrienne Rich</a> Forward to <i>Arts of the Possible</i> (2000)</li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>…language is this medium that we hand back and forth between us in all human relationships all the time, it doesn't really have a privileged place. It's this coinage in which we keep trying to get a hold of each other or make ourselves clear. <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adrienne_Rich" title="Adrienne Rich">Adrienne Rich</a> Interview (1991) in <i>Adrienne Rich's Poetry and Prose</i> (1993)</li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>Experience is always larger than language. <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adrienne_Rich" title="Adrienne Rich">Adrienne Rich</a> Interview (1991) in <i>Adrienne Rich's Poetry and Prose</i> (1993)</li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Politician" class="mw-redirect" title="Politician">politician</a> manufactures a language - a vocabulary and a rhetoric - which, if you accept it as wholly adequate, leads inevitably to the answers he wants and to the actions he wants. But the prior question is whether the language <i>is</i> adequate to the facts. And as the <a href="/wiki/Poet" class="mw-redirect" title="Poet">poet</a> is concerned with making language do new work and finding out the implications of language , his answer is always : no . <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Roberts_(writer)" title="Michael Roberts (writer)">Michael Roberts</a>, In <a href="/wiki/Laura_Riding" title="Laura Riding">Laura Riding</a> (ed,) <i>The World and Ourselves (Epilogue)</i> 1938. Also quoted in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valentine_Cunningham" class="extiw" title="w:Valentine Cunningham">Valentine Cunningham</a> (ed.) <i>Spanish Front: Writers on the Civil War</i> (1986).</li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>While bilingual is understood as a valuable asset or goal for middle-class and upper-class students, for working-class and poor students it is framed as a disability that must be overcome <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Rosa" title="Jonathan Rosa">Jonathan Rosa</a> Looking Like a Language, Sounding Like a Race: Raciolinguistic Ideologies and the Learning of Latinidad (2018)</li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>…basically, language is an inadequate and limited instrument. No matter what language a writer speaks, she always hopes that it will be universal, that it will transcend the particular ethnic barriers that language creates. <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chava_Rosenfarb" title="Chava Rosenfarb">Chava Rosenfarb</a> Introduction (1971) to <i>Exile At Last: Selected Poems</i> (2013)</li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><b>Human beings do not live in the objective world alone</b>, nor alone in the world of social activity as ordinarily understood, but are very much at the mercy of the particular language which has become the medium of expression for their society. It is quite an illusion to imagine that one adjusts to reality essentially without the use of language and that language is merely an incidental means of solving specific problems of communication or reflection. The fact of the matter is that <b>the "real world" is to a large extent unconsciously built upon the language habits of the group.</b> No two languages are ever sufficiently similar to be considered as representing the same social reality. The worlds in which different societies live are distinct worlds, not merely the same world with different labels attached … We see and hear and otherwise experience very largely as we do because the language habits of our community predispose certain choices of interpretation. <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Sapir" title="Edward Sapir">Edward Sapir</a>, <i>The Status Of Linguistics As A Science</i> (1929)</li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>It is easy to show that language and culture are not intrinsically associated. Totally unrelated languages share in one culture; closely related languages—even a single language—belong to distinct culture spheres. There are many excellent examples in Aboriginal America. The Athabaskan languages form as clearly unified, as structurally specialized, a group as any that I know of. The speakers of these languages belong to four distinct culture areas... The cultural adaptability of the Athabaskan-speaking peoples is in the strangest contrast to the inaccessibility to foreign influences of the languages themselves. <ul><li>Edward Sapir, <i>Language: An Introduction to the Study of Speech</i>, (1921), Harcourt, Brace, p. 213-4.</li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>A clever Toronto lawyer was deep into a technical argument before the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court" class="mw-disambig" title="Supreme Court">Supreme Court</a>. His position was dependent upon a close reading of the legal text and turned on the letter of the law. Suddenly the chief justice, Beverley McLachlin, leaned forward and asked the counsel if his argument also worked in French. <b>After all, the law is the law in both languages and a loophole in one tends to evaporate in the other. Only an argument of substance stands up.</b> The lawyer had no idea what to reply. <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Ralston_Saul" title="John Ralston Saul">John Ralston Saul</a>, <i>A Fair Country</i> (2008), p. 128.</li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Dick_Grayson" title="Dick Grayson">Dick Grayson</a></b>: Oh, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Heck&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Heck (page does not exist)">heck</a>! What's the use of <a href="/wiki/Learning" title="Learning">learning</a> <a href="/wiki/French" class="mw-redirect" title="French">French</a> anyway?</li></ul> <dl><dd><b><a href="/wiki/Bruce_Wayne" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Bruce Wayne">Bruce Wayne</a></b>: Dick, I'm <a href="/wiki/Surprised" class="mw-redirect" title="Surprised">surprised</a> at you! Language is the <a href="/wiki/Key" title="Key">key</a> to <a href="/wiki/World_peace" title="World peace">world peace</a>. If we all <a href="/wiki/Spoke" class="mw-redirect" title="Spoke">spoke</a> each other's <a href="/wiki/Tongues" title="Tongues">tongues</a>, perhaps the scourge of <a href="/wiki/War" title="War">war</a> would be ended <a href="/wiki/Forever" class="mw-redirect" title="Forever">forever</a>.</dd> <dd><b>Dick Grayon</b>: Gosh, Bruce, yes. I'll get these darn <a href="/w/index.php?title=Verbs&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Verbs (page does not exist)">verbs</a> if they <a href="/wiki/Kill" class="mw-redirect" title="Kill">kill</a> me! <ul><li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lorenzo_Semple_Jr." class="extiw" title="w:Lorenzo Semple Jr.">Lorenzo Semple Jr.</a>, "<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fine_Feathered_Finks" class="extiw" title="w:Fine Feathered Finks">Fine Feathered Finks</a>", <i><a href="/wiki/Batman_(TV_series)" title="Batman (TV series)">Batman</a></i>, (January 19, 1966)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li>He has strangled<br />His language in his tears. <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_Shakespeare" title="William Shakespeare">William Shakespeare</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Henry_VIII_(play)" title="Henry VIII (play)">Henry VIII</a></i> (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_VIII_(play)#Date" class="extiw" title="w:Henry VIII (play)">c. 1613</a>), Act V, scene 1, line 158.</li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>Thou whoreson Zed! thou unnecessary letter! <ul><li>William Shakespeare, <i><a href="/wiki/King_Lear" title="King Lear">King Lear</a></i> (1608), Act II, scene 2, line 66.</li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>You taught me language; and my profit on't<br />Is, I know how to curse. The red plague rid you<br />For learning me your language! <ul><li>William Shakespeare, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Tempest" title="The Tempest">The Tempest</a></i> (c. 1610-1612), Act I, scene 2, line 363.</li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>Fie, fie upon her!<br />There's language in her eye, her cheek, her lip,<br />Nay, her foot speaks; her wanton spirits look out<br />At every joint and motive of her body. <ul><li>William Shakespeare, <i><a href="/wiki/Troilus_and_Cressida" title="Troilus and Cressida">Troilus and Cressida</a></i> (c. 1602), Act IV, scene 5, line 55.</li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>There was speech in their dumbness, language in their very gesture. <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_Shakespeare" title="William Shakespeare">William Shakespeare</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Winter%27s_Tale" title="The Winter's Tale">The Winter's Tale</a></i> (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Winter%27s_Tale#Date_and_text" class="extiw" title="w:The Winter's Tale">c. 1610-11</a>), Act V, scene 2, line 12.</li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Language</a> is its own <a href="/wiki/Music" title="Music">music</a>. <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Naomi_Shihab_Nye" title="Naomi Shihab Nye">Naomi Shihab Nye</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljadid.com/content/talking-poet-naomi-shihab-nye">Interview</a> with Al Jadid (1996)</li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>One can learn to speak a new language, but [learning] to embrace the weight of its meaning from its people, within Pacific contexts and mannerism, can never be replaced. <ul><li>Jope Tarai, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.benarnews.org/english/commentaries/pac-ai-languages-02042025221840.html">"Whose canoe? ‘Moana 2’ debate exposes AI threat to Pacific languages"</a>, <i>Benar News</i> (February 4, 2025)</li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>Mutual understanding would be immensely facilitated by the use of one universal tongue. But which shall it be, is the great question. At present it looks as if the English might be adopted as such, though it must be admitted that it is not the most suitable. Each language, of course, excels in some feature.... A practical answer to that momentous question must perforce be found in times to come, for it is manifest that by adopting one common language the onward march of man would be prodigiously quickened. I do not believe that an artificial concoction, like <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volapuk" class="extiw" title="w:Volapuk">Volapuk</a>, will ever find universal acceptance, however time-saving it might be. That would be contrary to human nature. Languages have grown into our hearts. <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nikola_Tesla" title="Nikola Tesla">Nikola Tesla</a> A Means for Furthering Peace (1905)</li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>The story of man’s infatuation with his language is an unending one. In a remote village of Africa, a wise <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dogon_people" class="extiw" title="w:Dogon people">Dogon</a> man used to say “to be naked is to be speechless.” Power, as unveiled by numerous contemporary writings, has always inscribed itself in language. Speaking, writing, and discoursing are not mere acts of communication; they are above all acts of compulsion. <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trinh_T._Minh-ha" title="Trinh T. Minh-ha">Trinh T. Minh-ha</a>, <cite style="font-style:normal" class="book"><i>Woman, Native, Other: Writing Postcoloniality and Feminism</i>. Indiana University Press. 1989. p. 49. <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-253-36603-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-253-36603-0">ISBN 978-0-253-36603-0</a>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Woman%2C+Native%2C+Other%3A+Writing+Postcoloniality+and+Feminism&rft.date=1989&rft.pages=p.%26nbsp%3B49&rft.pub=Indiana+University+Press&rft.isbn=978-0-253-36603-0&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Language"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>Knowledge belongs to the one who succeeds in mastering a language. <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trinh_T._Minh-ha" title="Trinh T. Minh-ha">Trinh T. Minh-ha</a>, <cite style="font-style:normal" class="book"><i>Woman, Native, Other: Writing Postcoloniality and Feminism</i>. Indiana University Press. 1989. p. 56. <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-253-36603-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-253-36603-0">ISBN 978-0-253-36603-0</a>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Woman%2C+Native%2C+Other%3A+Writing+Postcoloniality+and+Feminism&rft.date=1989&rft.pages=p.%26nbsp%3B56&rft.pub=Indiana+University+Press&rft.isbn=978-0-253-36603-0&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Language"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>Language also reveals its power through an insignificant slip of the pen, for no matter how one tries to subject it to control and reduce it to “pure” instrumentality, it always succeeds in giving an inkling of its irreducible governing status. <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trinh_T._Minh-ha" title="Trinh T. Minh-ha">Trinh T. Minh-ha</a>, <cite style="font-style:normal" class="book"><i>Woman, Native, Other: Writing Postcoloniality and Feminism</i>. Indiana University Press. 1989. p. 58. <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-253-36603-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-253-36603-0">ISBN 978-0-253-36603-0</a>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Woman%2C+Native%2C+Other%3A+Writing+Postcoloniality+and+Feminism&rft.date=1989&rft.pages=p.%26nbsp%3B58&rft.pub=Indiana+University+Press&rft.isbn=978-0-253-36603-0&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Language"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>Anyone who invents a language,” he said, “finds that it requires a suitable habitation and a history in which it can develop. A real language is never invented, of course. It is a natural thing. It is wrong to call the language you grow up speaking your native language. It is not. It is your first learnt language. It is a by-product of the total make-up of the animal. <ul><li><a href="/wiki/J.R.R._Tolkien" class="mw-redirect" title="J.R.R. Tolkien">J.R.R. Tolkien</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/film/film-news/11261158/JRR-Tolkien-Film-my-books-Its-easier-to-film-The-Odyssey.html">[5]</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>Language is a human construct. The more vibrant and fast-moving <a href="/wiki/Society" title="Society">society</a> is, the more the language changes. That can be a wonderful thing. In fact, one of my favorite books to read in off-hours is <a href="/wiki/H._L._Mencken" title="H. L. Mencken">H. L. Mencken</a>’s <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/43376">The American Language</a>, written by this <a href="/wiki/Genius" title="Genius">genius</a> when he was otherwise <a href="/wiki/Censorship" title="Censorship">censored</a> for his views in <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">wartime</a>.<br />It’s a marvelous chronicling of the evolution of <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">American</a> usage, published in 1919, but oddly pertinent even today, applicable to the dwindling number of people who can still form coherent sentences.<br />When it comes to vocabulary, there are two schools of thought broadly speaking: prescriptivist and descriptivist. The prescriptivist view is that words have embedded meanings that you can trace from other languages and should be used as intended. The descriptivist approach sees language as more a living experience, a tool of utility to make communication possible, in which case anything goes. <ul><li>Jeffrey A. Tucker, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://brownstone.org/articles/you-keep-using-the-term-authoritarian/">"You Keep Using the Term ‘Authoritarian’"</a>, <i>Brownstone Institute</i> (June 24, 2024)</li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>That well known distinction between <i>knowing that</i> and <i>knowing how</i> fits the learning of a language....That is, we must distinguish between <i>knowing how</i> to speak or listen to words and <i>knowing that</i> about them. Learning a language is primarily the former. <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Colin_Murray_Turbayne" title="Colin Murray Turbayne">Colin Murray Turbayne</a>, <i>The Myth of Metaphor</i> (1962) <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Search/Home?type%5B%5D=author&lookfor%5B%5D=Colin%20Murray%20Turbayne&page=1&pagesize=100&ft=ft">[6]</a> pp. 90-91, 99</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="V_-_Z">V - Z</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Language&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: V - Z"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Verbing weirds language. <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Watterson" title="Bill Watterson">Bill Watterson</a>, <i>Homicidal Psycho Jungle Cat: A Calvin and Hobbes Collection</i> (1994), p. 53.</li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>We live in a time of acute bitterness and acrimony, where people’s first (and second and third) impulse is to brutalize, insult, embarrass and demean those who hold different views. The purpose of language, as they see it, isn’t to clarify or enlighten or reason together. It is to inflict the maximum pain possible on other human beings. <ul><li>Peter Wehner, "The Joe Walsh Challenge," <i>New York Times</i>, 28 August 2019.</li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><b>Language itself inevitably introduced an element of permanence into the world.</b> For, although speech itself is transitory, the conventionalized sound symbols of language transcended time. ...To obtain a greater degree of permanence the time symbols of oral speech had to be converted into the space symbols of written speech. ...The crucial stage in the evolution of writing occurred when <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ideograph#Noun" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:ideograph">ideographs</a> became <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phonogram_(linguistics)" class="extiw" title="w:Phonogram (linguistics)">phonograms</a>... <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gerald_James_Whitrow" title="Gerald James Whitrow">Gerald James Whitrow</a>, <i>Time in History: Views of Time from Prehistory to the Present Day</i> (1988)</li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>Speech is the best show a man puts on. <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Lee_Whorf" title="Benjamin Lee Whorf">Benjamin Lee Whorf</a>, <i>Language, thought and reality</i> (1956), pg. 249.</li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>There is no mode of action, no form of emotion, that we do not share with the lower animals. It is only by language that we rise above them, or above each other — by language, which is the parent, and not the child, of thought. <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oscar_Wilde" title="Oscar Wilde">Oscar Wilde</a>, <i>The Critic as Artist</i> (1891), Part I.</li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>Evolution teaches us the original purpose of language was to ritualize men's threats and curses, his spells to compel the gods; <a href="/wiki/Communication" title="Communication">communication</a> came later. <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gene_Wolfe" title="Gene Wolfe">Gene Wolfe</a>, "The Death of Doctor Island", <i>Universe 3</i> (1973), ed. Terry Carr; reprinted in <i>The Best of Gene Wolfe</i> (2009).</li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Jede Zeit sagt, daß derzeit die Sprache so gefährdet und von Zersetzung bedroht sei wie nie zuvor. In unserer Zeit aber ist die Sprache tatsächlich so gefährdet und von Zersetzung bedroht wie nie zuvor.</i> <ul><li>Every age claims that its language is more endangered and threatened by decay than ever before. In our time, however, language is really endangered and threatened by decay as never before.</li> <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hans_Weigel" class="extiw" title="w:Hans Weigel">Hans Weigel</a>, <i>Die Leiden der jungen Wörter</i> / <i>The Sorrows of Young Words</i> (1974), quoted by Rudi Keller <i>Is the German Language Going to the Dogs?</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.joern.de/tipsn134.htm">en</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.joern.de/tipsn133.htm">de</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>Philosophy is a battle against the bewitchment of our intelligence by means of our language. <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ludwig_Wittgenstein" title="Ludwig Wittgenstein">Ludwig Wittgenstein</a> <i>Philisophical Investigations</i> (1953) § 109</li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>The limits of my language mean the limits of my world. <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ludwig_Wittgenstein" title="Ludwig Wittgenstein">Ludwig Wittgenstein</a> Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus (5.6)</li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>For remember that in general we don't use language according to strict rules — it hasn't been taught us by means of strict rules, either. p. 25 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ludwig_Wittgenstein" title="Ludwig Wittgenstein">Ludwig Wittgenstein</a> The Blue Book (c. 1931–1935; published 1965)</li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><b>An entire mythology is stored within our language.</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ludwig_Wittgenstein" title="Ludwig Wittgenstein">Ludwig Wittgenstein</a> Philosophical Occasions 1912-1951 (1993) Ch. 7 : Remarks on Frazer's <i>Golden Bough</i>, p. 133</li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>We dissect nature along lines laid down by our native language. The categories and types that we isolate from the world of phenomena we do not find there because they stare every observer in the face; on the contrary, the world is presented in a kaleidoscope flux of impressions which has to be organized by our minds—and this means largely by the linguistic systems of our minds. We cut nature up, organize it into concepts, and ascribe significances as we do, largely because we are parties to an agreement to organize it in this way—an agreement that holds throughout our speech community and is codified in the patterns of our language [...] all observers are not led by the same physical evidence to the same picture of the universe, unless their linguistic backgrounds are similar, or can in some way be calibrated. <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Benjamin_Whorf&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Benjamin Whorf (page does not exist)">Benjamin Whorf</a> (1956), John B. Carroll (ed.), ed., <i>Language, Thought, and Reality: Selected Writings of Benjamin Lee Whorf</i>, MIT Press pp. 212–214</li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>But to restrict thinking to the patterns merely of <a href="/wiki/English" class="mw-disambig" title="English">English</a> […] is to lose a power of thought which, once lost, can never be regained. It is the 'plainest' English which contains the greatest number of unconscious assumptions about nature. […] We handle even our plain English with much greater effect if we direct it from the vantage point of a multilingual awareness. <ul><li>Benjamin Whorf, (1956) John B. Carrol, (ed.), <i>Language, Thought, and Reality: Selected Writings of Benjamin Lee Whorf</i>, MIT Press, p.244</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hoyt's_New_Cyclopedia_Of_Practical_Quotations"><span id="Hoyt.27s_New_Cyclopedia_Of_Practical_Quotations"></span><i>Hoyt's New Cyclopedia Of Practical Quotations</i></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Language&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Hoyt's New Cyclopedia Of Practical Quotations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Quotes reported in <i><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Hoyt%27s_New_Cyclopedia_Of_Practical_Quotations_(1922)" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Hoyt's New Cyclopedia Of Practical Quotations (1922)">Hoyt's New Cyclopedia Of Practical Quotations</a></i> (1922), p. 426. </p> <ul><li>Well languag'd Danyel. <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_Browne" title="William Browne">William Browne</a>, <i>Britannia's Pastorals</i>, Book II. Song 2, line 303.</li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Pedantry" title="Pedantry">Pedantry</a> consists in the use of words unsuitable to the time, place, and company.</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Taylor_Coleridge" title="Samuel Taylor Coleridge">Samuel Taylor Coleridge</a>, <i>Biographia Literaria</i>, Chapter X.</li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>And who in time knows whither we may vent<br />The treasure of our tongue? To what strange shores<br />This gain of our best glory shall be sent,<br />T' enrich unknowing nations with our stores?<br />What worlds in th' yet unformed Occident<br />May come refin'd with th' accents that are ours? <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Daniel" title="Samuel Daniel">Samuel Daniel</a>, <i>Musophilus</i>, last lines.</li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>Who climbs the grammar-tree, distinctly knows<br />Where noun, and verb, and participle grows. <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Dryden" title="John Dryden">John Dryden</a>, <i>Sixth Satire of Juvenal</i>, line 583.</li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><b>Language is fossil poetry.</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Waldo_Emerson" title="Ralph Waldo Emerson">Ralph Waldo Emerson</a>, <i>Essays</i>, The Poet.</li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>“A language, like a species, when extinct, never… reappears.” <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin">Charles Darwin</a> in <i>The Origin of Species</i>.</li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>And don't confound the language of the <a href="/wiki/Nations" title="Nations">nation</a><br />With long-tailed words in osity and ation. <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Hookham_Frere" title="John Hookham Frere">John Hookham Frere</a>, <i>King Arthur and his Round Table</i>, Introduction, Stanza 6.</li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>Language is the only instrument of science, and words are but the signs of ideas. <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Johnson" title="Samuel Johnson">Samuel Johnson</a>, Preface to his <i>English Dictionary</i>.</li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>We do not realize what tremendous power the structure of an habitual language has. It is not an exaggeration to say that it enslaves us through the mechanism of s[emantic] r[eactions] and that the structure which a language exhibits, and impresses upon us unconsciously, is automatically projected upon the world around us. <ul><li>Alfred Korzybski,Science and Sanity: An Introduction to Non-Aristotelian Systems and General Semantics (Lancaster, Pa.: International Non-Aristotelian Library Publishing Co., 1933) p. 90</li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><i>L'accent du pays où l'on est né demeure dans l'esprit et dans le cœur comme dans le langage.</i> <ul><li>The accent of one's country dwells in the mind and in the heart as much as in the language.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_de_La_Rochefoucauld" title="François de La Rochefoucauld">François de La Rochefoucauld</a>, <i>Maximes</i>, 342.</li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>Writ in the climate of <a href="/wiki/Heaven" title="Heaven">heaven</a>, in the language spoken by <a href="/wiki/Angels" title="Angels">angels</a>. <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Wadsworth_Longfellow" title="Henry Wadsworth Longfellow">Henry Wadsworth Longfellow</a>, <i>The Children of the Lord's Supper</i>, line 262.</li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><i>La grammaire, qui sait régenter jusqu'aux rois,<br />Et les fait, la main haute, obéir à ses lois.</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grammar" title="Grammar">Grammar</a>, which knows how to lord it over <a href="/wiki/King" title="King">kings</a>, and with high hands makes them obey its <a href="/wiki/Law" title="Law">laws</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moli%C3%A8re" title="Molière">Molière</a>, <i>Les Femmes Savantes</i> (1672), II. 6.</li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Une louange en grec est d'une merveilleuse efficace à la tête d'un livre.</i> <ul><li>A laudation in Greek is of marvellous efficacy on the title-page of a book.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moli%C3%A8re" title="Molière">Molière</a>, Preface. <i>Les Précieuses Ridicules</i>.</li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><i>L'accent est l'âme du discours, il lui donne le sentiment et la vérité.</i> <ul><li>Accent is the soul of a language; it gives the feeling and truth to it.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Jacques_Rousseau" title="Jean-Jacques Rousseau">Jean-Jacques Rousseau</a>, <i>Emile</i>, I.</li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>No two languages are ever sufficiently similar to be considered as representing the same social reality. The worlds in which different societies live are distinct worlds, not merely the same world with different labels attached <ul><li>Sapir, Edward (1929), "The status of linguistics as a science", Language 5 (4): 207, doi:10.2307/409588</li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>It is easy to show that language and culture are not intrinsically associated. Totally unrelated languages share in one <a href="/wiki/Culture" title="Culture">culture</a>; closely related languages—even a single language—belong to distinct culture spheres. There are many excellent examples in <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas" title="Indigenous peoples of the Americas">Aboriginal America</a>. The Athabaskan languages form as clearly unified, as structurally specialized, a group as any that I know of. The speakers of these languages belong to four distinct culture areas... The cultural adaptability of the Athabaskan-speaking peoples is in the strangest contrast to the inaccessibility to foreign influences of the languages themselves. <ul><li>Sapir, Edward (1921), Language: An Introduction to the Study of Speech, Harcourt, Brace</li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>Syllables govern the world. <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Selden" title="John Selden">John Selden</a>, <i>Table Talk</i>, Power.</li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Ego sum rex Romanus, et supra grammaticam.</i> <ul><li>I am the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Emperor" class="mw-redirect" title="Holy Roman Emperor">King of Rome</a>, and above grammar.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sigismund,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Sigismund, Holy Roman Emperor">Sigismund, Holy Roman Emperor</a>, at the Council of Constance (1414), to a prelate who objected to his grammar.</li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Chaucer" title="Geoffrey Chaucer">Don Chaucer</a>, well of English undefyled<br />On Fame's eternall beadroll worthie to be fyled. <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Edmund_Spenser" title="Edmund Spenser">Edmund Spenser</a>, <i>The Faerie Queene</i> (1589-96), IV. 2. 32.</li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>"We worked with a guy called Dr. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stuart_Smith" class="extiw" title="w:Stuart Smith">Stuart Smith</a> from <a href="/wiki/UCLA" title="UCLA">UCLA</a> and he’s an <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egyptology" class="extiw" title="w:Egyptology">Egyptologist</a> He put all this stuff on tape for us and it’s kind of the closest we can come to what we think the actual language sounded like. It’s like ancient <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a>. When we speak Latin now we think it’s what it sounded like, but we’re not really sure. The problem with a lot of this <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egypt" title="Ancient Egypt">Egyptian</a> stuff is words like ‘look out’ become like 10 lines. <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Sommers" title="Stephen Sommers">Steve</a> would go, ‘No, no, no. Lose the first four words. Say that word and then say the last word.’ So basically, I’d end up making the stuff up. <ul><li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arnold_Vosloo" class="extiw" title="w:Arnold Vosloo">Arnold Vosloo</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ardethsmistress0.tripod.com/id26.html"><i>Moviestar</i> (German movie magazine) November/December issue 06/2001</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><b>Language is the expression of ideas, and if the people of one country cannot preserve an identity of ideas they cannot retain an identity of language.</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Noah_Webster" title="Noah Webster">Noah Webster</a>, preface to <i>Dictionary</i> (Ed. of 1828).</li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/English" class="mw-disambig" title="English">English</a> language is my bitch. Or I don't speak it very well. Whatever. <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://whedonesque.com/comments/5677">"David Greenwalt's 'Profit' coming to DVD in 2005"</a>. Whedonesque.com (<span class="mw-formatted-date" title="2004-12-31">31 December 2004</span>). Retrieved on 2008-08-29.</li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>From purest wells of English undefiled<br />None deeper drank than <a href="/wiki/James_Russell_Lowell" title="James Russell Lowell">he</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Americas" title="Americas">New World</a>'s Child,<br />Who in the language of their farm field spoke<br />The wit and <a href="/wiki/Wisdom" title="Wisdom">wisdom</a> of <a href="/wiki/New_England" title="New England">New England</a> folk. <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Greenleaf_Whittier" title="John Greenleaf Whittier">John Greenleaf Whittier</a>, <i>James Russell Lowell</i>.</li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>Oft on the dappled turf at ease<br />I sit, and play with similes,<br />Loose type of things through all degrees. <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_Wordsworth" title="William Wordsworth">William Wordsworth</a>, <i>To the Daisy</i>.</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Language&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Endangered_languages" title="Endangered languages">Endangered languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grammar" title="Grammar">Grammar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linguistics" title="Linguistics">Linguistics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Logos" title="Logos">Logos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reading" title="Reading">Reading</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speech" title="Speech">Speech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Words" title="Words">Words</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Writing" title="Writing">Writing</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Language&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="noprint" style="clear: right; 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