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Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Oral+consonant%22">"Oral consonant"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Oral+consonant%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Oral+consonant%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Oral+consonant%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Oral+consonant%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Oral+consonant%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">December 2009</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Manner_of_articulation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template:Manner of articulation (page does not exist)">Template:Manner of articulation</a> </p><p>An <b>oral consonant</b> is a <a href="/wiki/Consonant" title="Consonant">consonant</a> <a href="/wiki/Phone_(phonetics)" title="Phone (phonetics)">sound</a> in <a href="/wiki/Speech" title="Speech">speech</a> that is made by allowing air to escape from the <a href="/wiki/Mouth" title="Mouth">mouth</a>, as opposed to the <a href="/wiki/Nose" title="Nose">nose</a>, as in a <a href="/wiki/Nasal_consonant" title="Nasal consonant">nasal consonant</a>. To create an intended oral consonant sound, the entire mouth plays a role in modifying the air's passageway. This rapid modification of the air passageway using the tongue and lips makes changes to the <a href="/wiki/Waveform" title="Waveform">waveform</a> of the sound by compressing and expanding the air. In addition to the nose and mouth, the <a href="/wiki/Vocal_folds" class="mw-redirect" title="Vocal folds">vocal cords</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lung" title="Lung">lungs</a> also make a contribution to producing speech by controlling the volume (<a href="/wiki/Amplitude" title="Amplitude">amplitude</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Pitch_(music)" title="Pitch (music)">pitch</a> (<a href="/wiki/Frequency" title="Frequency">frequency</a>) of the sound. The use of the vocal cords will also determine whether the consonant is <a href="/wiki/Voice_(phonetics)" title="Voice (phonetics)">voiced or voiceless</a>. The vast majority of consonants are oral, such as, for example <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_bilabial_plosive" title="Voiceless bilabial plosive">p</a>]</span>, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiced_labial%E2%80%93velar_approximant" title="Voiced labial–velar approximant">w</a>]</span>, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiced_labiodental_fricative" title="Voiced labiodental fricative">v</a>]</span> and <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_velar_fricative" title="Voiceless velar fricative">x</a>]</span>. The others are nasal, such as the <a href="/wiki/Nasal_consonant" title="Nasal consonant">nasal occlusives</a> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiced_bilabial_nasal" title="Voiced bilabial nasal">m</a>]</span> or <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiced_palatal_nasal" title="Voiced palatal nasal">ɲ</a>]</span>. </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Before there appeared the consonantal opposition nasal/oral, consonant was distinguished from vowel as closed tract from open tract. Once the nasal consonant has been opposed to the oral as presence to absence of the open tract, the contrast consonant/vowel is revalued as presence vs. absence of a closed tract.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nasal_consonant" title="Nasal consonant">Nasal consonant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manner_of_articulation" title="Manner of articulation">Manner of articulation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_phonetics_topics" class="mw-redirect" title="List of phonetics topics">List of phonetics topics</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Roman_Jakobson" title="Roman Jakobson">Jakobson, Roman</a> and <a href="/wiki/Morris_Halle" title="Morris Halle">Halle, Morris</a> (2002). <i>Fundamentals of Language</i>, p.51. 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