CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-disabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="sv" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Ryggkota – Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-disabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )svwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":[",\t."," \t,"],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""], "wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy","wgMonthNames":["","januari","februari","mars","april","maj","juni","juli","augusti","september","oktober","november","december"],"wgRequestId":"093b225b-8ae5-4593-a5ab-2c4d76949691","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Ryggkota","wgTitle":"Ryggkota","wgCurRevisionId":51599843,"wgRevisionId":51599843,"wgArticleId":398868,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Wikipediaartiklar med identifierare från LCCN","Wikipediaartiklar med identifierare från GND","Skelettet","Ryggen"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"sv","wgPageContentLanguage":"sv","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Ryggkota","wgRelevantArticleId":398868,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":true,"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true, "wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"sv","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"sv"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":true,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":5000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q180323","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.gadget.babel":"ready","ext.gadget.geo":"ready","ext.gadget.warnings":"ready","ext.gadget.tags":"ready","ext.gadget.error": "ready","ext.gadget.referenser":"ready","ext.gadget.printonly":"ready","ext.gadget.tables":"ready","ext.gadget.toccolours":"ready","ext.gadget.smallTagFontSize":"ready","ext.gadget.videoPlayButton":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","mediawiki.action.styles":"ready","mediawiki.interface.helpers.styles":"ready","mediawiki.codex.messagebox.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp", "ext.gadget.editsection0","ext.gadget.ProtectionIndicators","ext.gadget.GeoboxLocatorMulti","ext.gadget.InterwikiBadges","ext.gadget.collapsibleTables","ext.gadget.NewSection","ext.gadget.ExkluderaRobotskapadeSidor","ext.gadget.Nearby","ext.gadget.InterProjectLinks","ext.gadget.cgiircbox","ext.gadget.withJS","ext.gadget.CommonsFileLinks","ext.gadget.tableSorterCollation","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=sv&modules=ext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cmediawiki.action.styles%7Cmediawiki.codex.messagebox.styles%7Cmediawiki.interface.helpers.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=sv&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=sv&modules=ext.gadget.babel%2Cerror%2Cgeo%2Cprintonly%2Creferenser%2CsmallTagFontSize%2Ctables%2Ctags%2Ctoccolours%2CvideoPlayButton%2Cwarnings&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=sv&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.5"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow,max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d2/Gray90.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="917"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d2/Gray90.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="612"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="489"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Ryggkota – Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//sv.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ryggkota"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Redigera" href="/w/index.php?title=Ryggkota&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (sv)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//sv.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ryggkota"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.sv"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom-flöde" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Senaste_%C3%A4ndringar&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Ryggkota rootpage-Ryggkota skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Hoppa till innehållet</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Webbplats"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Huvudmeny" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Huvudmeny</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Huvudmeny</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">flytta till sidofältet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">dölj</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigering </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Huvudsida" title="Besök huvudsidan [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Huvudsida</span></a></li><li id="n-Introduktion" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Introduktion"><span>Introduktion</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Deltagarportalen" title="Om projektet, vad du kan göra, var man kan hitta saker"><span>Deltagarportalen</span></a></li><li id="n-Bybrunnen" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Bybrunnen"><span>Bybrunnen</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Senaste_%C3%A4ndringar" title="Lista över de senaste ändringarna på wikin [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Senaste ändringarna</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Slumpsida" title="Gå till en slumpmässigt vald sida [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Slumpartikel</span></a></li><li id="n-filuppladdning" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard" title="Ladda upp filer till Wikimedia Commons"><span>Ladda upp filer</span></a></li><li id="n-Kontakta-Wikipedia" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Kontakt"><span>Kontakta Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Hj%C3%A4lp" title="Platsen där du hittar hjälp"><span>Hjälp</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Huvudsida" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-sv.svg" width="120" height="13" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:S%C3%B6k" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Sök i svenskspråkiga Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Sök</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Sök på Wikipedia" aria-label="Sök på Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Sök i svenskspråkiga Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Sök"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Sök</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personliga verktyg"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Utseende"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Ändra utseendet på sidans teckenstorlek, bredd och färg" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Utseende" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Utseende</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_sv.wikipedia.org&uselang=sv" class=""><span>Stöd Wikipedia</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Skapa_konto&returnto=Ryggkota&returntoquery=oldid%3D51599843" title="Du uppmuntras att skapa ett konto och logga in, men det är inte obligatoriskt" class=""><span>Skapa konto</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Inloggning&returnto=Ryggkota&returntoquery=oldid%3D51599843" title="Inloggning ger tillgång till fler funktioner för den som vill skriva och redigera artiklar. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Logga in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Fler alternativ" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personliga verktyg" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personliga verktyg</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Användarmeny" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_sv.wikipedia.org&uselang=sv"><span>Stöd Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Skapa_konto&returnto=Ryggkota&returntoquery=oldid%3D51599843" title="Du uppmuntras att skapa ett konto och logga in, men det är inte obligatoriskt"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Skapa konto</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Inloggning&returnto=Ryggkota&returntoquery=oldid%3D51599843" title="Inloggning ger tillgång till fler funktioner för den som vill skriva och redigera artiklar. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Logga in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Sidor för utloggade redigerare <a href="/wiki/Hj%C3%A4lp:Introduktion" aria-label="Läs mer om redigering"><span>läs mer</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Mina_bidrag" title="En lista över redigeringar från denna IP-adress [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Bidrag</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Min_diskussion" title="Diskussion om redigeringar från det här IP-numret [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Diskussion</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Webbplats"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Innehåll" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Innehåll</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">flytta till sidofältet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">dölj</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Inledning</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Grundform" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Grundform"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Grundform</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Grundform-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Halskotor" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Halskotor"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Halskotor</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Halskotor-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bröstkotor" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bröstkotor"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Bröstkotor</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bröstkotor-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ländkotor" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ländkotor"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Ländkotor</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ländkotor-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sakralkotor" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sakralkotor"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Sakralkotor</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sakralkotor-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Svansbenet" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Svansbenet"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Svansbenet</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Svansbenet-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referenser" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referenser"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Referenser</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referenser-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Innehåll" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Växla innehållsförteckningen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Växla innehållsförteckningen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Ryggkota</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Gå till en artikel på ett annat språk. Tillgänglig på 75 språk" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-75" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">75 språk</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Werwel" title="Werwel – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Werwel" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A9_(%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AD)" title="فقرة (تشريح) – arabiska" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="فقرة (تشريح)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%A6%DC%A9%DC%AA%DC%90" title="ܦܩܪܐ – arameiska" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܦܩܪܐ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="arameiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%A8rt%C3%A8bra" title="Vèrtèbra – frankoprovensalska" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Vèrtèbra" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="frankoprovensalska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C9%99q%C9%99r%C9%99" title="Fəqərə – azerbajdzjanska" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Fəqərə" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbajdzjanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE" title="কশেরুকা – bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="কশেরুকা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chek-chui-kut" title="Chek-chui-kut – min nan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Chek-chui-kut" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="min nan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BC%D1%8B%D1%80%D1%82%D2%A1%D0%B0" title="Умыртҡа – basjkiriska" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Умыртҡа" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="basjkiriska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BA" title="Пазванок – belarusiska" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Пазванок" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarusiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%88%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Прешлен – bulgariska" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Прешлен" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgariska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ki%C4%8Dmeni_pr%C5%A1ljen" title="Kičmeni pršljen – bosniska" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Kičmeni pršljen" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%A8rtebra" title="Vèrtebra – katalanska" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Vèrtebra" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87%D1%83%D1%80%C4%83%D0%BC_%D1%88%C4%83%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%BF%D0%BF%D0%B8" title="Çурăм шăммин сыппи – tjuvasjiska" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Çурăм шăммин сыппи" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="tjuvasjiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obratel" title="Obratel – tjeckiska" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Obratel" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tjeckiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fertibra" title="Fertibra – walesiska" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Fertibra" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="walesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ryghvirvel" title="Ryghvirvel – danska" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Ryghvirvel" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wirbel_(Anatomie)" title="Wirbel (Anatomie) – tyska" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Wirbel (Anatomie)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tyska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%BCli" title="Lüli – estniska" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Lüli" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estniska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vertebra" title="Vertebra – engelska" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Vertebra" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engelska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%A9rtebra" title="Vértebra – spanska" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Vértebra" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vertebro" title="Vertebro – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Vertebro" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orno" title="Orno – baskiska" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Orno" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%87%D8%B1%D9%87_(%D8%A8%D8%AF%D9%86)" title="مهره (بدن) – persiska" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="مهره (بدن)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vert%C3%A8bre" title="Vertèbre – franska" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Vertèbre" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="franska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veirteabra" title="Veirteabra – iriska" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Veirteabra" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="iriska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vertebra" title="Vertebra – manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Vertebra" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%A9rtebra" title="Vértebra – galiciska" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Vértebra" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galiciska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%B2%99%EC%B6%94%EB%BC%88%ED%8C%A8%EC%9E%84" title="척추뼈패임 – koreanska" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="척추뼈패임" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE" title="कशेरुका – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="कशेरुका" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tulang_punggung" title="Tulang punggung – indonesiska" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Tulang punggung" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vertebra" title="Vertebra – italienska" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Vertebra" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italienska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%97%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%94_(%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%98%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%94)" title="חוליה (אנטומיה) – hebreiska" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="חוליה (אנטומיה)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebreiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BC%D1%8B%D1%80%D1%82%D2%9B%D0%B0" title="Омыртқа – kazakiska" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Омыртқа" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazakiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%A8t%C3%A8b" title="Vètèb – haitiska" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Vètèb" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="haitiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Movik" title="Movik – kurdiska" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Movik" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurdiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BC%D1%83%D1%80%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Омуртка – kirgiziska" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Омуртка" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgiziska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vertebra" title="Vertebra – latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Vertebra" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skrieme%C4%BCi" title="Skriemeļi – lettiska" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Skriemeļi" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="lettiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wierbel" title="Wierbel – luxemburgiska" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Wierbel" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luxemburgiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stuburo_slanksteliai" title="Stuburo slanksteliai – litauiska" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Stuburo slanksteliai" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litauiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wurvel" title="Wurvel – limburgiska" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Wurvel" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburgiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mok%C3%BAwa_mwa_mok%C9%94ng%C9%94" title="Mokúwa mwa mokɔngɔ – lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Mokúwa mwa mokɔngɔ" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Csigolya" title="Csigolya – ungerska" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Csigolya" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungerska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%88%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Прешлен – makedonska" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Прешлен" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedonska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%B6%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%81" title="കശേരു – malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="കശേരു" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%87" title="मणके – marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="मणके" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tulang_belakang" title="Tulang belakang – malajiska" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Tulang belakang" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malajiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pi%C4%83ng-c%C3%A9k-g%C3%A1uk" title="Piăng-cék-gáuk – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Piăng-cék-gáuk" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wervel_(anatomie)" title="Wervel (anatomie) – nederländska" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Wervel (anatomie)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nederländska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%A4%8E%E9%AA%A8" title="椎骨 – japanska" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="椎骨" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rechknaaken" title="Rechknaaken – nordfrisiska" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Rechknaaken" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="nordfrisiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duguggurittii" title="Duguggurittii – oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Duguggurittii" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umurtqa" title="Umurtqa – uzbekiska" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Umurtqa" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbekiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kr%C4%99g" title="Kręg – polska" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Kręg" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%A9rtebra" title="Vértebra – portugisiska" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Vértebra" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugisiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vertebra" title="Vertebra – rumänska" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Vertebra" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumänska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BA" title="Позвонок – ryska" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Позвонок" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ryska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vertebra" title="Vertebra – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Vertebra" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stavec" title="Stavec – slovakiska" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Stavec" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovakiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vretence" title="Vretence – slovenska" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Vretence" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovenska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ricir" title="Ricir – somaliska" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Ricir" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="somaliska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pr%C5%A1ljen" title="Pršljen – serbiska" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Pršljen" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ki%C4%8Dmeni_pr%C5%A1ljen" title="Kičmeni pršljen – serbokroatiska" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Kičmeni pršljen" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbokroatiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vertebra" title="Vertebra – sundanesiska" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Vertebra" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sundanesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikama" title="Nikama – finska" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Nikama" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B5%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B8" title="వెన్నుపూస – telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="వెన్నుపూస" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D2%B3%D1%80%D0%B0_(%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD)" title="Муҳра (бадан) – tadzjikiska" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Муҳра (бадан)" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tadzjikiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Omur" title="Omur – turkiska" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Omur" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turkiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B1%D1%86%D1%96" title="Хребці – ukrainska" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Хребці" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ndokgizlungz" title="Ndokgizlungz – zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Ndokgizlungz" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cronzoxh" title="Cronzoxh – vallonska" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Cronzoxh" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="vallonska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%A4%8E%E9%AA%A8" title="椎骨 – wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="椎骨" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%A4%8E%E9%AA%A8" title="椎骨 – kantonesiska" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="椎骨" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantonesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%A4%8E%E9%AA%A8" title="椎骨 – kinesiska" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="椎骨" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="kinesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tulang_geger" title="Tulang geger – betawiska" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Tulang geger" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="betawiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q180323#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Redigera interwikilänkar" class="wbc-editpage">Redigera länkar</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namnrymder"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Ryggkota" title="Visa innehållssidan [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artikel</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diskussion:Ryggkota&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Diskussion om innehållssidan [inte skriven än] [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Diskussion</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Ändra språkvariant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">svenska</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Visningar"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Ryggkota"><span>Läs</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ryggkota&veaction=edit" title="Redigera denna sida [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Redigera</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ryggkota&action=edit" title="Redigera wikitexten för den här sidan [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Redigera wikitext</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ryggkota&action=history" title="Tidigare versioner av sidan [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Visa historik</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Sidverktyg"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Verktyg" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Verktyg</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Verktyg</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">flytta till sidofältet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">dölj</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Fler alternativ" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Åtgärder </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Ryggkota"><span>Läs</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ryggkota&veaction=edit" title="Redigera denna sida [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Redigera</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ryggkota&action=edit" title="Redigera wikitexten för den här sidan [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Redigera wikitext</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ryggkota&action=history"><span>Visa historik</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Allmänt </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:L%C3%A4nkar_hit/Ryggkota" title="Lista över alla wikisidor som länkar hit [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Sidor som länkar hit</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Senaste_relaterade_%C3%A4ndringar/Ryggkota" rel="nofollow" title="Visa senaste ändringarna av sidor som den här sidan länkar till [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Relaterade ändringar</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Specialsidor" title="Lista över alla specialsidor [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Specialsidor</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ryggkota&oldid=51599843" title="Permanent länk till den här versionen av sidan"><span>Permanent länk</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ryggkota&action=info" title="Mer information om denna sida"><span>Sidinformation</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Citera&page=Ryggkota&id=51599843&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information om hur den här artikeln kan användas som referens"><span>Använd som referens</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fsv.wikipedia.org%2Fw%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DRyggkota%26oldid%3D51599843"><span>Hämta förkortad url</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fsv.wikipedia.org%2Fw%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DRyggkota%26oldid%3D51599843"><span>Ladda ner QR-kod</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Skriv ut/exportera </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Bok&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Ryggkota"><span>Skapa en bok</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Ryggkota&action=show-download-screen"><span>Ladda ned som PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ryggkota&printable=yes" title="Utskriftsvänlig version av den här sidan [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Utskriftsvänlig version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> På andra projekt </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Vertebrae" hreflang="en"><span>Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q180323" title="Länk till anslutet databasobjekt [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata-objekt</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Sidverktyg"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Utseende"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Utseende</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">flytta till sidofältet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">dölj</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Från Wikipedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><div class="cdx-message cdx-message--block cdx-message--warning mw-revision"><span class="cdx-message__icon"></span><div class="cdx-message__content"><div id="mw-revision-info">Version från den 1 december 2022 kl. 14.29 av <a href="/wiki/Anv%C3%A4ndare:MaundBot" class="mw-userlink" title="Användare:MaundBot" data-mw-revid="51599843"><bdi>MaundBot</bdi></a> <span class="mw-usertoollinks">(<a href="/wiki/Anv%C3%A4ndardiskussion:MaundBot" class="mw-redirect mw-usertoollinks-talk" title="Användardiskussion:MaundBot">Diskussion</a> | <a href="/wiki/Special:Bidrag/MaundBot" class="mw-usertoollinks-contribs" title="Special:Bidrag/MaundBot">Bidrag</a>)</span> <span class="comment">(<span class="autocomment"><a href="#Ländkotor">→<bdi dir="ltr">Ländkotor</bdi></a>: </span>clean up, replaced: <a href="/wiki/Extension" title="Extension">extension</a> → <a href="/wiki/Extension_(anatomi)" title="Extension (anatomi)">extension</a> med <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:AWB" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:AWB">AWB</a>)</span></div><div id="mw-revision-nav">(<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ryggkota&diff=prev&oldid=51599843" title="Ryggkota">skillnad</a>) <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ryggkota&direction=prev&oldid=51599843" title="Ryggkota">← Äldre version</a> | visa nuvarande version (skillnad) | Nyare version → (skillnad)</div></div></div></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="sv" dir="ltr"><table class="wikitable" align="right"> <tbody><tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Gray90.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Thorakalkota"><img alt="Thorakalkota" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Gray90.png/300px-Gray90.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="229" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d2/Gray90.png 1.5x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="344" /></a></span><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Brustwirbel_oben.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Thorakalkota"><img alt="Thorakalkota" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Brustwirbel_oben.png/300px-Brustwirbel_oben.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="191" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/70/Brustwirbel_oben.png 1.5x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="287" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>En thorakalkota.<br /> <p>Illustration: Gray's Anatomy, 1918. (PD) </p> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Ryggkota</b> (<a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">latin</a>: <i>vertebra</i>(<i>e</i>)) är de enskilda <a href="/wiki/Ben_(skelett)" title="Ben (skelett)">ben</a> som bygger upp <a href="/wiki/Ryggrad" title="Ryggrad">ryggraden</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Columna_vertebralis" class="mw-redirect" title="Columna vertebralis">columna vertebralis</a></i>). </p><p>I <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A4nniskokroppen" class="mw-redirect" title="Människokroppen">människans kropp</a> finns 33 ryggkotor. 24 "presakrala" kotor: Sju <a href="/wiki/Halskota" title="Halskota">halskotor</a>, tolv <a href="/wiki/Br%C3%B6stkota" title="Bröstkota">bröstkotor</a> och fem <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A4ndkota" title="Ländkota">ländkotor</a>. Dessutom bildar de fem sakralkotorna <a href="/wiki/Korsben" title="Korsben">korsbenet</a> och de fyra svanskotorna svansbenet. </p><p>Kotans främre kraftiga del kallas kotkropp. Ryggkotorna skiljs åt av 23 <a href="/wiki/Mellankotskiva" title="Mellankotskiva">mellankotsskivor</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Disci_intervertebrales" class="mw-redirect" title="Disci intervertebrales">disci intervertebrales</a></i>). Ryggkotornas storlek minskar <a href="/wiki/Kranial" class="mw-redirect" title="Kranial">kranialt</a>, alltså närmare skallen. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Grundform">Grundform</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ryggkota&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Redigera avsnitt: Grundform" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ryggkota&action=edit&section=1" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Grundform"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ryggkotorna är olika utformade i olika delar av ryggraden men de har alla samma grundform. Riktad framåt (<a href="/wiki/Anterior" class="mw-redirect" title="Anterior">anteriort</a>, in mot kroppen) finns kotkroppen (<i>corpus vertebrae</i>) och bakom denna (<a href="/wiki/Posterior" class="mw-redirect" title="Posterior">posteriort</a>) kotbågen (<i>arcus vertebrae</i>) som omger kothålet (<i>foramen vertebrale</i>). Bågen består av två rötter (<i>pediculus arcus vertebrae</i>) som övergår i två plattor (<i>lamina arcus vertebrae</i>). Ledtappar (<i>processus articulares</i>) artikulerar mot över- och underliggande kotor och begränsar rörelsefriheten. </p><p>Kotbågarna bär flera utskott: Två <a href="/wiki/Tv%C3%A4rutskott" title="Tvärutskott">tvärutskott</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Processus_transversi" class="mw-redirect" title="Processus transversi">processus transversi</a></i>) som är riktade <a href="/wiki/Lateral" title="Lateral">lateralt</a> bakåt och utgör viktiga fästen för <a href="/wiki/Skelettmuskel" title="Skelettmuskel">muskler</a> och <a href="/wiki/Ledband" class="mw-redirect" title="Ledband">ledband</a>; ett <a href="/wiki/Taggutskott" title="Taggutskott">taggutskott</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Processus_spinosus" class="mw-redirect" title="Processus spinosus">processus spinosus</a></i>) som är riktat dorsalt. </p><p>Ryggkotornas kothål bildar <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ryggradskanalen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ryggradskanalen [inte skriven än]">ryggradskanalen</a> där <a href="/wiki/Ryggm%C3%A4rg" title="Ryggmärg">ryggmärgen</a> finns. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Halskotor">Halskotor</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ryggkota&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Redigera avsnitt: Halskotor" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ryggkota&action=edit&section=2" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Halskotor"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Gray84.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Gray84.png/250px-Gray84.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="126" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Gray84.png/375px-Gray84.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3c/Gray84.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="252" /></a><figcaption>Cervikalkota</figcaption></figure> <dl><dd><div class="noprint"><i>Fördjupning: <a href="/wiki/Halskota" title="Halskota">Halskota</a></i></div></dd></dl> <p>Halskotorna (<a href="/wiki/Cervikalkota" class="mw-redirect" title="Cervikalkota">cervikalkotor</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Vertebrae_cervicales" class="mw-redirect" title="Vertebrae cervicales">vertebrae cervicales</a></i>, C1-C7) är de minsta ryggkotorna som sitter högst upp i ryggraden. Med undantag för den sjunde och sista har de små taggutskott (det sjunde taggutskottet är det första <a href="/wiki/Palpation" title="Palpation">palperbara</a>). </p><p>Den stora rörlighet som är möjlig i <a href="/wiki/Nacke" title="Nacke">nacken</a> beror mycket på den första halskotan, <a href="/wiki/Ringkota" title="Ringkota">ringkotan</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Atlas_(anatomi)" class="mw-redirect" title="Atlas (anatomi)">atlas</a></i>), som ledar mot <a href="/wiki/Nackben" title="Nackben">nackbenet</a> (<a href="/wiki/Occipitalben" class="mw-redirect" title="Occipitalben">occipitalbenet</a>) respektive den andra kotan, C II <a href="/wiki/Tappkota" title="Tappkota">tappkotan</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Tappkota" title="Tappkota">axis</a></i>). Det är främst atlas som gör att <a href="/wiki/Kranium" title="Kranium">kraniet</a> kan röras uppåt och nedåt och axis som tillåter böjning åt vänster och höger. </p> <div style="clear:both;"></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bröstkotor"><span id="Br.C3.B6stkotor"></span>Bröstkotor</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ryggkota&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Redigera avsnitt: Bröstkotor" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ryggkota&action=edit&section=3" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Bröstkotor"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Brustwirbel_oben.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Brustwirbel_oben.png/250px-Brustwirbel_oben.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Brustwirbel_oben.png/375px-Brustwirbel_oben.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/70/Brustwirbel_oben.png 2x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="287" /></a><figcaption>Thorakalkota</figcaption></figure> <dl><dd><div class="noprint"><i>Fördjupning: <a href="/wiki/Br%C3%B6stkota" title="Bröstkota">Bröstkota</a></i></div></dd></dl> <p>Bröstkotornas (<a href="/wiki/Thorakalkota" class="mw-redirect" title="Thorakalkota">thorakalkotor</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Vertebrae_thoracicae" class="mw-redirect" title="Vertebrae thoracicae">vertebrae thoracicae</a></i>, T1-T12) taggutskott är riktade nedåt och är längre än de övriga kotornas. Bröstkotorna är de ryggkotor som ledar mot <a href="/wiki/Revben" title="Revben">revbenen</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Costae" class="mw-redirect" title="Costae">costae</a></i>) och revbenens ledfasetter gör dem lätta att känna igen. De är större än halskotorna men mindre än ländkotorna. </p><p>Viss rotation förekommer mellan bröstkotorna, men lederna mot <a href="/wiki/Br%C3%B6stkorg" title="Bröstkorg">bröstkorgen</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Thorax" class="mw-redirect" title="Thorax">thorax</a></i>) förhindrar mycket av <a href="/wiki/Flexion" class="mw-redirect" title="Flexion">flexionen</a> i denna del av ryggraden. </p> <div style="clear:both;"></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ländkotor"><span id="L.C3.A4ndkotor"></span>Ländkotor</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ryggkota&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Redigera avsnitt: Ländkotor" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ryggkota&action=edit&section=4" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Ländkotor"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Gray92.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Gray92.png/250px-Gray92.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Gray92.png/375px-Gray92.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/07/Gray92.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="266" /></a><figcaption>Lateral vy av en ländkota.<br />Illustration: <a href="/wiki/Gray%27s_Anatomy" class="mw-redirect" title="Gray's Anatomy">Gray's Anatomy</a>, 1918. (<a href="/wiki/Public_Domain" class="mw-redirect" title="Public Domain">PD</a>)</figcaption></figure> <dl><dd><div class="noprint"><i>Fördjupning: <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A4ndkota" title="Ländkota">Ländkota</a></i></div></dd></dl> <p>Ländkotorna (<a href="/wiki/Lumbalkota" class="mw-redirect" title="Lumbalkota">lumbalkotor</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Vertebrae_lumbales" class="mw-redirect" title="Vertebrae lumbales">vertebrae lumbales</a></i>, L1-L5) upptar trycket från alla de överliggande kotorna och är därför de största och mest robusta i den presakrala ryggraden. De medger avsevärd <a href="/wiki/Flexion" class="mw-redirect" title="Flexion">flexion</a> och <a href="/wiki/Extension_(anatomi)" title="Extension (anatomi)">extension</a> men begränsad <a href="/wiki/Lateral" title="Lateral">lateralflexion</a> (böjning åt sidan) och rotation. Ländkotornas mellankotsskivor skapar <a href="/wiki/Korsrygg" class="mw-redirect" title="Korsrygg">korsryggens</a> karaktäristiska inåtböjning. Ländkotorna är lätta att känna igen genom avsaknade av hål i tvärutskotten. </p><p>Med sina små taggutskott och breda tvärutskott avviker den femte och nedersta ländkotan från de övriga. </p> <div style="clear:both;"></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sakralkotor">Sakralkotor</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ryggkota&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Redigera avsnitt: Sakralkotor" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ryggkota&action=edit&section=5" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Sakralkotor"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Gray95.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Gray95.png/250px-Gray95.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="262" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Gray95.png/375px-Gray95.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Gray95.png/500px-Gray95.png 2x" data-file-width="525" data-file-height="550" /></a><figcaption>Korsbenet</figcaption></figure> <dl><dd><div class="noprint"><i>Fördjupning: <a href="/wiki/Korsben" title="Korsben">Korsben</a></i></div></dd></dl> <p>Sakralkotorna (<i>vertebrae sacrales</i>, S I–S V) är sammanväxta till <a href="/wiki/Korsben" title="Korsben">korsbenet</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Os_sacrum" class="mw-redirect" title="Os sacrum">os sacrum</a></i>) som utgör en del av <a href="/wiki/B%C3%A4cken" title="Bäcken">bäckenet</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Pelvis" class="mw-redirect" title="Pelvis">pelvis</a></i>). </p> <div style="clear:both;"></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Svansbenet">Svansbenet</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ryggkota&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Redigera avsnitt: Svansbenet" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ryggkota&action=edit&section=6" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Svansbenet"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Gray100.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/91/Gray100.png" decoding="async" width="230" height="599" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="230" data-file-height="599" /></a><figcaption>Svansbenet</figcaption></figure> <dl><dd><div class="noprint"><i>Fördjupning: <a href="/wiki/Svansben" title="Svansben">Svansben</a></i></div></dd></dl> <p><a href="/wiki/Svansben" title="Svansben">Svansbenet</a> (<i>os coccygis</i>) består av fyra sammanväxta svanskotor (<i>vertebrae coccygeae</i>, Co I–Co V). Den utgör ryggradens nedre (<a href="/wiki/Kaudal" class="mw-redirect" title="Kaudal">kaudala</a>) avslutning. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referenser">Referenser</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ryggkota&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Redigera avsnitt: Referenser" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ryggkota&action=edit&section=7" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Referenser"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Anatomisk atlas</i>, Michael Budowick, Jan G. Bjålie, Bent Rolstad, Kari C. Toverud, Liber, <a href="/wiki/Special:Bokk%C3%A4llor/91-47-00091-0" title="Special:Bokkällor/91-47-00091-0">ISBN 91-47-00091-0</a></li> <li><i>Rörelseapparatens anatomi</i>, Finn Bojsen-Møller, Liber, <a href="/wiki/Special:Bokk%C3%A4llor/91-47-04884-0" title="Special:Bokkällor/91-47-04884-0">ISBN 91-47-04884-0</a></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r56287950">.mw-parser-output table.navbox{border:#aaa 1px solid;width:100%;margin:auto;margin-top:1em;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output link+table.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output table.navbox th{text-align:center;padding-left:1em;padding-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .navbox-thlinkcolor .navbox-title button,.mw-parser-output .navbox-thlinkcolor .navbox-title .mw-collapsible-text,.mw-parser-output .navbox-thlinkcolor .navbox-title a{color:inherit}.mw-parser-output .nowraplinks a,.mw-parser-output .nowraplinks .selflink{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;font-weight:bold;padding-left:1em;padding-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output table.navbox th{background:#b0c4de}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background:#d0e0f5}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background:#deeafa}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background:transparent}</style><table cellspacing="0" class="navbox" style="border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr><td style="padding:2px;"><table cellspacing="0" class="nowraplinks hlist auktoritetsdata navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group"><a href="/wiki/Auktoritetsdata" title="Auktoritetsdata">Auktoritetsdata</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em;"> • <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Control_Number" title="Library of Congress Control Number">LCCN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh85142887">sh85142887</a></span> • <a href="/wiki/Gemeinsame_Normdatei" title="Gemeinsame Normdatei">GND</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://d-nb.info/gnd/4189993-3">4189993-3</a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Hämtad från ”<a dir="ltr" href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ryggkota&oldid=51599843">https://sv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ryggkota&oldid=51599843</a>”</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Kategorier" title="Wikipedia:Kategorier">Kategorier</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Skelettet" title="Kategori:Skelettet">Skelettet</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Ryggen" title="Kategori:Ryggen">Ryggen</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Dolda kategorier: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Wikipediaartiklar_med_identifierare_fr%C3%A5n_LCCN" title="Kategori:Wikipediaartiklar med identifierare från LCCN">Wikipediaartiklar med identifierare från LCCN</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Wikipediaartiklar_med_identifierare_fr%C3%A5n_GND" title="Kategori:Wikipediaartiklar med identifierare från GND">Wikipediaartiklar med identifierare från GND</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Sidan redigerades senast den 1 december 2022 kl. 14.29.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Wikipedias text är tillgänglig under licensen <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.sv">Creative Commons Erkännande-dela-lika 4.0 Unported</a>. För bilder, se respektive bildsida (klicka på bilden). Se vidare <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Upphovsr%C3%A4tt" title="Wikipedia:Upphovsrätt">Wikipedia:Upphovsrätt</a> och <a class="external text" href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use">användarvillkor</a>.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Wikimedias integritetspolicy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Om">Om Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Allm%C3%A4nt_f%C3%B6rbeh%C3%A5ll">Förbehåll</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Uppförandekod</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Utvecklare</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/sv.wikipedia.org">Statistik</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Information om kakor</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//sv.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ryggkota&oldid=51599843&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobilvy</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-5c59558b9d-d977n","wgBackendResponseTime":188,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.087","walltime":"0.404","ppvisitednodes":{"value":271,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":2516,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":84,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":5,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":0,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":0,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":1450,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 94.128 1 -total"," 74.85% 70.455 1 Mall:Auktoritetsdata"," 18.18% 17.117 5 Mall:Fördjupning2"," 4.43% 4.167 2 Mall:ISBN"," 1.80% 1.698 4 Mall:Clear"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.028","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":1117460,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.eqiad.canary-765f7fdb5-szrt9","timestamp":"20241128143656","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Ryggkota","url":"https:\/\/sv.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ryggkota","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q180323","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q180323","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Bidragsgivare till Wikimedia-projekten"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2006-07-23T07:16:48Z","dateModified":"2022-12-01T13:29:47Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/d\/d2\/Gray90.png","headline":"enskilda ben som bygger upp ryggraden"}</script> </body> </html>