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class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Memnon_in_Quintus_of_Smyrna's_Posthomerica" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Memnon_in_Quintus_of_Smyrna's_Posthomerica"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Memnon in Quintus of Smyrna's <i>Posthomerica</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Memnon_in_Quintus_of_Smyrna's_Posthomerica-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Memnon_as_a_Trojan_War_Ally" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Memnon_as_a_Trojan_War_Ally"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Memnon as a Trojan War Ally</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Memnon_as_a_Trojan_War_Ally-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-The_Armor_of_Memnon" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Armor_of_Memnon"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.1</span> <span>The Armor of Memnon</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Armor_of_Memnon-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Memnon_Pieta" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Memnon_Pieta"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Memnon Pieta</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Memnon_Pieta-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mythical_King_of_the_Ethiopians" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mythical_King_of_the_Ethiopians"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Mythical King of the Ethiopians</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mythical_King_of_the_Ethiopians-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Memnon_son_of_Eos_(Aurora)_and_Tithonus" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Memnon_son_of_Eos_(Aurora)_and_Tithonus"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Memnon son of Eos (Aurora) and Tithonus</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Memnon_son_of_Eos_(Aurora)_and_Tithonus-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Colossi_of_Memnon" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Colossi_of_Memnon"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Colossi of Memnon</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Colossi_of_Memnon-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span 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Available in 35 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-35" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">35 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memnon" title="Memnon – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Memnon" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BD_(%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%96%D1%8F)" title="Мемнан (міфалогія) – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Мемнан (міфалогія)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Мемнон – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Мемнон" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A8mnon" title="Mèmnon – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Mèmnon" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memnon_(Mythologie)" title="Memnon (Mythologie) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Memnon (Mythologie)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%AD%CE%BC%CE%BD%CF%89%CE%BD_(%CE%BC%CF%85%CE%B8%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%B3%CE%AF%CE%B1)" title="Μέμνων (μυθολογία) – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μέμνων (μυθολογία)" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memn%C3%B3n" title="Memnón – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Memnón" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memnono" title="Memnono – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Memnono" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memnon" title="Memnon – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Memnon" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%85%D9%86%D9%88%D9%86" title="ممنون – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ممنون" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memnon_(mythologie)" title="Memnon (mythologie) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Memnon (mythologie)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A9%A4%EB%85%BC" title="멤논 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="멤논" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%A5%D5%B4%D5%B6%D5%B8%D5%B6" title="Մեմնոն – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Մեմնոն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memnon" title="Memnon – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Memnon" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memnone_(mitologia)" title="Memnone (mitologia) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Memnone (mitologia)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%9E%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%9F_(%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%AA%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%92%D7%99%D7%94)" title="ממנון (מיתולוגיה) – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ממנון (מיתולוגיה)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memnon_(heros)" title="Memnon (heros) – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Memnon (heros)" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memnonas" title="Memnonas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Memnonas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memn%C3%B3n_(Tith%C3%B3nosz_fia)" title="Memnón (Tithónosz fia) – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Memnón (Tithónosz fia)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Мемнон – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Мемнон" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memnon_(mythologie)" title="Memnon (mythologie) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Memnon (mythologie)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%A1%E3%83%A0%E3%83%8E%E3%83%BC%E3%83%B3" title="メムノーン – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="メムノーン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memnon" title="Memnon – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Memnon" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memnon" title="Memnon – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Memnon" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%AAmnon" title="Mêmnon – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Mêmnon" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BD_(%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F)" title="Мемнон (мифология) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Мемнон (мифология)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memnon_(mythology)" title="Memnon (mythology) – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Memnon (mythology)" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memn%C3%B3n_(mytol%C3%B3gia)" title="Memnón (mytológia) – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Memnón (mytológia)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Мемнон – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Мемнон" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memnon" title="Memnon – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Memnon" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memnon_(mytologia)" title="Memnon (mytologia) – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Memnon (mytologia)" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memnon" title="Memnon – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Memnon" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memnon" title="Memnon – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Memnon" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Мемнон – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Мемнон" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%96%80%E8%BE%B2_(%E5%B8%8C%E8%87%98%E7%A5%9E%E8%A9%B1)" title="門農 (希臘神話) – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="門農 (希臘神話)" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q506781#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit 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.ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Memnon" title="Special:EditPage/Memnon">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Memnon%22">"Memnon"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Memnon%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Memnon%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Memnon%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Memnon%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Memnon%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">April 2010</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Memnon_and_Hercules.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Memnon_and_Hercules.png/220px-Memnon_and_Hercules.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="162" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Memnon_and_Hercules.png/330px-Memnon_and_Hercules.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Memnon_and_Hercules.png/440px-Memnon_and_Hercules.png 2x" data-file-width="996" data-file-height="732" /></a><figcaption>Attic neck-<a href="/wiki/Amphora" title="Amphora">amphora</a> featuring <a href="/wiki/Heracles" title="Heracles">Heracles</a> and Memnon (detail), <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 530-520</span> BC</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Memnun.detail.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Memnun.detail.png/220px-Memnun.detail.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="175" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Memnun.detail.png/330px-Memnun.detail.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Memnun.detail.png/440px-Memnun.detail.png 2x" data-file-width="1091" data-file-height="870" /></a><figcaption>Eos retrieving the body of her son Memnon from the battlefield (detail); Etruscan Bronze mirror, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 450–420</span> BC</figcaption></figure> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Greek_mythology" title="Greek mythology">Greek mythology</a>, <b>Memnon</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'m' in 'my'">m</span><span title="/ɛ/: 'e' in 'dress'">ɛ</span><span title="'m' in 'my'">m</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span></span>/</a></span></span>; <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek" title="Ancient Greek">Ancient Greek</a>: Μέμνων, <abbr style="font-size:85%" title="literal translation">lit.</abbr><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> </span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span><span class="gloss-text">resolute</span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) was a king of <a href="/wiki/Aethiopia" title="Aethiopia">Aethiopia</a> and son of <a href="/wiki/Tithonus" title="Tithonus">Tithonus</a> and <a href="/wiki/Eos" title="Eos">Eos</a>. During the <a href="/wiki/Trojan_War" title="Trojan War">Trojan War</a>, he brought an army to <a href="/wiki/Troy" title="Troy">Troy</a>'s defense and killed <a href="/wiki/Antilochus" class="mw-redirect" title="Antilochus">Antilochus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nestor_(mythology)" title="Nestor (mythology)">Nestor</a>'s son, during a fierce battle. Nestor challenged Memnon to a fight, but Memnon refused, being there was little honor in killing the aged man. Nestor then pleaded with Achilles to avenge his son's death. Despite warnings that soon after Memnon fell so too would Achilles, the two men fought. Memnon drew blood from Achilles, but Achilles drove his spear through Memnon's chest, sending the Aethiopian army running. The death of Memnon echoes that of <a href="/wiki/Hector" title="Hector">Hector</a>, another defender of Troy whom <a href="/wiki/Achilles" title="Achilles">Achilles</a> also killed out of revenge for a fallen comrade, <a href="/wiki/Patroclus" title="Patroclus">Patroclus</a>. </p><p>After Memnon's death, <a href="/wiki/Zeus" title="Zeus">Zeus</a> was moved by Eos' tears and granted him immortality. Memnon's death is related at length in the lost epic <i><a href="/wiki/Aethiopis" title="Aethiopis">Aethiopis</a></i>,<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> likely composed after <i><a href="/wiki/The_Iliad" class="mw-redirect" title="The Iliad">The Iliad</a></i>, circa the 7th century <a href="/wiki/Before_Christ" class="mw-redirect" title="Before Christ">BC</a>. <a href="/wiki/Quintus_of_Smyrna" class="mw-redirect" title="Quintus of Smyrna">Quintus of Smyrna</a> records Memnon's death in <i><a href="/wiki/Posthomerica" title="Posthomerica">Posthomerica</a></i>. His death is also described in Philostratus' <i><a href="/wiki/Imagines_(work_by_Philostratus)" title="Imagines (work by Philostratus)">Imagines</a></i>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Dictys_Cretensis" title="Dictys Cretensis">Dictys Cretensis</a>, author of a pseudo-chronicle of the <a href="/wiki/Trojan_War" title="Trojan War">Trojan War</a>, writes that "Memnon, the son of Tithonus and Aurora, arrived with a large army of Indians and Aethiopians, a truly remarkable army which consisted of thousands and thousands of men with various kinds of arms, and surpassed the hopes and prayers even of <a href="/wiki/Priam" title="Priam">Priam</a>."<sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mythography">Mythography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Memnon&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Mythography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Departure_of_Memnon_for_Troy._Greek,_circa_550-525_B.C..jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/The_Departure_of_Memnon_for_Troy._Greek%2C_circa_550-525_B.C..jpg/220px-The_Departure_of_Memnon_for_Troy._Greek%2C_circa_550-525_B.C..jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/The_Departure_of_Memnon_for_Troy._Greek%2C_circa_550-525_B.C..jpg/330px-The_Departure_of_Memnon_for_Troy._Greek%2C_circa_550-525_B.C..jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/The_Departure_of_Memnon_for_Troy._Greek%2C_circa_550-525_B.C..jpg/440px-The_Departure_of_Memnon_for_Troy._Greek%2C_circa_550-525_B.C..jpg 2x" data-file-width="575" data-file-height="400" /></a><figcaption>A black archer whose feet and legs face left, upper body facing right, flanked by two Amazones. "Mayence identifies the black person with Memnon, whereas Beazley and Bothmer regard him as an attendant of Memnon." Object ID: A130<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Amphora Origin: Attica Category: Vase painting Material: terracotta; Location: Musées Royaux d'Art et d'Histoire; Bruxelles, BelgiumArtist: The Swing Painter Dating: 460-440 BCE</figcaption></figure> <p><i>Topos Text</i> has catalogued 116 extant references to Memnon, the mythical Aethiopian King, son of <a href="/wiki/Tithonus" title="Tithonus">Tithonus</a><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Memnon_in_Quintus_of_Smyrna's_Posthomerica"><span id="Memnon_in_Quintus_of_Smyrna.27s_Posthomerica"></span>Memnon in Quintus of Smyrna's <i><a href="/wiki/Posthomerica" title="Posthomerica">Posthomerica</a></i></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Memnon&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Memnon in Quintus of Smyrna's Posthomerica"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to the Posthomerica, Memnon leading his army of <a href="/wiki/Aethiopia" title="Aethiopia">Aethiopians</a>, arrives at Troy in the immediate aftermath of an argument between <a href="/wiki/Polydamas_(Iliad)" class="mw-redirect" title="Polydamas (Iliad)">Polydamas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Helen_of_Troy" title="Helen of Troy">Helen</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Priam" title="Priam">Priam</a> that centres on whether or not the Aethiopian King will show up at all. Memnon's army is described as being too big to be counted and his arrival starts a huge banquet in his honour. As per usual the two leaders (Memnon and, in this case, <a href="/wiki/Priam" title="Priam">Priam</a>) end the dinner by exchanging glorious war stories, and Memnon's tales lead Priam to declare that the Aethiopian King will be Troy's saviour. Despite this, Memnon is very humble and warns that his strength will, he hopes, be seen in battle, although he believes it is unwise to boast at dinner. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Memnon_and_achilles_fighting_scene.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Memnon_and_achilles_fighting_scene.jpg/220px-Memnon_and_achilles_fighting_scene.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="193" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Memnon_and_achilles_fighting_scene.jpg/330px-Memnon_and_achilles_fighting_scene.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Memnon_and_achilles_fighting_scene.jpg/440px-Memnon_and_achilles_fighting_scene.jpg 2x" data-file-width="489" data-file-height="428" /></a><figcaption>A Battle from the Trojan War in which two of the war's greatest heroes, Achilles and Memnon, clash in the presence of their mothers, the goddesses Thetis and Eos. Each warrior has his chariot standing by, with charioteers at the ready. Inscriptions, in the Corinthian alphabet, identify the figures. Walters Art Museum <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://art.thewalters.org/detail/13699/hydria-with-the-fight-of-achilles-and-memnon/">48.2230</a> <b>CC0 1.0</b></figcaption></figure> <p>Before the next day's battle, so great is the divine love towards Memnon that <a href="/wiki/Zeus" title="Zeus">Zeus</a> makes all the other Olympians promise not to interfere in the fighting. In battle, Memnon kills <a href="/wiki/Nestor_(mythology)" title="Nestor (mythology)">Nestor</a>'s son, <a href="/wiki/Antilochos" class="mw-redirect" title="Antilochos">Antilochos</a>, after Antilochos has killed Memnon's dear comrade, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Aesop_(mythology)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aesop (mythology) (page does not exist)">Aesop</a>. Seeking vengeance and despite his age, Nestor tries to fight Memnon but the Aethiopian warrior insists it would not be just to fight such an old man, and respects Nestor so much that he refuses to fight. In this way, Memnon is seen as very similar to <a href="/wiki/Achilles" title="Achilles">Achilles</a> – both of them have strong sets of values that are looked upon favourably by the warrior culture of the time. </p><p>When Memnon reaches the Greek ships, Nestor begs Achilles to fight him and avenge Antilochos, leading to the two men clashing while both wearing divine armor made by <a href="/wiki/Hephaestus" title="Hephaestus">Hephaestus</a>, making another parallel between the two warriors. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Memnon_as_a_Trojan_War_Ally">Memnon as a Trojan War Ally</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Memnon&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Memnon as a Trojan War Ally"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Virgil" title="Virgil">Virgil</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Aeneid" title="Aeneid">Aeneid</a></i>, Memnon has led his troops from <a href="/wiki/Aethiopia" title="Aethiopia">Aithopia</a> to aid the Trojans: <i>Eoasque acies et nigri Memnonis arma</i>: "Eastern battle arrays [the strategic arrangement of fighters in a battle] and weapon of Memnon." </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="The_Armor_of_Memnon">The Armor of Memnon</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Memnon&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: The Armor of Memnon"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The mythological tradition has <a href="/wiki/Hephaestus" title="Hephaestus">Hephaistos</a> crafting Memnon's armor just as he crafted for other famed heroes. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Venus_(goddess)" class="mw-redirect" title="Venus (goddess)">Venus</a> implores <a href="/wiki/Vulcan_(mythology)" title="Vulcan (mythology)">Vulcan</a> for Aeneas: "Therefore I come at last with lowly suit before a godhead I adore, and pray for gift of arms,—a mother for her son. You were not unrelenting to the tears of <a href="/wiki/Nereus" title="Nereus">Nereus</a>' daughter or <a href="/wiki/Tithonus" title="Tithonus">Tithonus</a>' bride." This event, described in the <i>Aeneid</i>, mirrors a similar scene in <a href="/wiki/Homer" title="Homer">Homer</a>'s <i>Iliad</i> (Hom. Il. 18.558-709).<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><b><a href="/wiki/Weighing_of_souls" title="Weighing of souls">Psychostasia</a>: (The Judgement of Zeus)</b> The weighing of souls was Zeus' method of deciding which of two confronted heroes would die in combat. Zeus accomplishes this with this golden scales in (ll. 8.81-87), in Vergil's <i>Aeneid</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Between <a href="/wiki/Achilles" title="Achilles">Achilles</a> and Memnon, Zeus favors both of them and makes each man tireless and huge so that the whole battlefield can watch them clash as <a href="/wiki/Demigod" title="Demigod">demigods</a>. Eventually, Achilles stabs Memnon through the heart, causing his entire army to flee in terror. </p><p>In honour of Memnon, the gods collect all the drops of blood that fall from him and use them to form a huge river that on every anniversary of his death will bear the stench of human flesh.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Aethiopians that stayed close to Memnon in order to bury their leader are turned into birds (which we now call <a href="/w/index.php?title=Memnonides&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Memnonides (page does not exist)">Memnonides</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and they stay by his tomb so as to remove dust that gathers on it.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Eos, the goddess of the dawn, begs Zeus to return her son; the king of the gods doesn't bring Memnon back to life, but he grants his mother a grace, that she will be able to see him alive and to caress him with his rosy fingers every day, when she opens the doors of heaven so as her brother <a href="/wiki/Helios" title="Helios">Helios</a> can begin his journey. That will last just a few moments.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Memnon_Pieta">Memnon Pieta</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Memnon&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Memnon Pieta"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Eos_Memnon_Louvre_G115.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Eos_Memnon_Louvre_G115.jpg/220px-Eos_Memnon_Louvre_G115.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="218" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Eos_Memnon_Louvre_G115.jpg/330px-Eos_Memnon_Louvre_G115.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Eos_Memnon_Louvre_G115.jpg/440px-Eos_Memnon_Louvre_G115.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1674" data-file-height="1662" /></a><figcaption>Memnon Pieta:<sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Devotional image or narrative. Eos poignantly lifts her fallen son, Memnon, who lays listlessly in her arms. She is dressed in a finely pleated Ionic chiton which reveals the lines of her legs, wears a patterned sakkos on her head, and has elaborately patterned wings. Her arms and parts of the torso of Memnon are gone and restored with plain clay. Memnon's head and arms fall lifeless down at the right. Some details of his anatomy and the bleeding wounds are done in dilute glaze. The exergue upon which she stands has a tongue border at top; the border around the tondo is formed of alternating crosses, maeanders (alternating directions), and X's; the last two maeanders above the exergue mistakenly overlap.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>Memnon Pieta: Lourvre G115 (Vase) Eos lifts up the body of her son Memnon. "Kalos" is his inscription. Interior from an Attic red-figure cup, ca. 490–480 BC. From Capua, Italy. Signed by Douris (painter) . </p><p>Inscriptions on the left: ΕΕΝΕΜΕΚΝΕRINE (meaning unclear), HERMOΓΕΝΕS KALOS ("Hermogenes kalos" - "Hermogenes is beautiful"). Inscriptions on the right: HEOS ("Eos"), ΔΟRIS EΓRAΦSEN ("Doris Egraphsen" - Do(u)ris painted it). MEMNON ("Memnon"), KALIAΔES EΠOIESEN ("Kaliades epoiesen" - Kaliades made it). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mythical_King_of_the_Ethiopians">Mythical King of the Ethiopians</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Memnon&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Mythical King of the Ethiopians"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In respect to an ancient understanding mythical Memnon King of the <a href="https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/Ethiopian#:.7E:text.3DEthi.C2.B7.E2.80.8Bo.C2.B7.E2.80.8Bpi.2Cliving_far_to_the_south" class="extiw" title="mwod:Ethiopian">Ethiopians</a> (alternative spellings Aethiopians/Aithiopians) <i>Merriam Webster</i> defines the term as: "a member of any of the mythical or actual peoples usually described by the ancient Greeks as dark-skinned and living far to the south." This information concurs with the same information at Etymonline's entries reference the Greek αἴθω.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ethiopian_dressed_as_an_archer_(Perhaps_Memnon).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Ethiopian_dressed_as_an_archer_%28Perhaps_Memnon%29.jpg/220px-Ethiopian_dressed_as_an_archer_%28Perhaps_Memnon%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="297" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Ethiopian_dressed_as_an_archer_%28Perhaps_Memnon%29.jpg/330px-Ethiopian_dressed_as_an_archer_%28Perhaps_Memnon%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Ethiopian_dressed_as_an_archer_%28Perhaps_Memnon%29.jpg/440px-Ethiopian_dressed_as_an_archer_%28Perhaps_Memnon%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1853" data-file-height="2500" /></a><figcaption>White-ground alabastron: 480BC (circa) A figure (perhaps Memnon) to right, looking to left, with black face; he is attired as an archer, in sleeved jerkin, linen cuirass, and anaxyrides (trousers), all embroidered, in right hand a double-headed axe, over left arm a garment with maeander-border and fringe. Museum number 1875,0309.24 <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/G_1875-0309-24">https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/G_1875-0309-24</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Roman writers and later classical Greek writers such as Diodorus Siculus ( 2.22.1 ) state Memnon is from Ethiopia and precisely king of "the Ethiopians who border upon Egypt". </p><p>One of the "cyclic poets", <b>Arctinus</b> composed the epics Aethiopis and Sack of Troy, which were contributions to the Trojan War cycle, The original historical work by Arctinus of Miletus only survives in fragments. Much of what is known about Memnon comes from post-Homeric Greek and Roman writers. Homer includes a passing mention to Memnon in the <a href="/wiki/Odyssey" title="Odyssey">Odyssey</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <p><a href="/wiki/Herodotus" title="Herodotus">Herodotus</a> called <a href="/wiki/Susa" title="Susa">Susa</a> "the city of Memnon,"<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Herodotus describes two tall statues with Egyptian and Aethiopian dress that some, he says, identify as Memnon; he disagrees, having previously stated that he believes it to be <a href="/wiki/Sesostris" title="Sesostris">Sesostris</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One of the statues was on the road from <a href="/wiki/Smyrna" title="Smyrna">Smyrna</a> to <a href="/wiki/Sardis" title="Sardis">Sardis</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Herodotus described a carved figure matching this description near the old road from Smyrna to Sardis.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><blockquote><p><a href="/wiki/Philostratus_the_Elder" class="mw-redirect" title="Philostratus the Elder">Philostratus The Elder of Lemnos</a> in his work <i>Imagines</i> describes art which depicts Memnon:</p><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Plate_from_Le_Temple_des_Muses.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Plate_from_Le_Temple_des_Muses.jpg/220px-Plate_from_Le_Temple_des_Muses.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="308" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Plate_from_Le_Temple_des_Muses.jpg/330px-Plate_from_Le_Temple_des_Muses.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Plate_from_Le_Temple_des_Muses.jpg/440px-Plate_from_Le_Temple_des_Muses.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="2687" /></a><figcaption>Artist: Bernard Picart (1673 - 1733) French Title: Plate from 'Le Temple des Muses' (Memnon's Statue) Date: 1731 Materials: Engraving on paper Accession number: P 3036.3 National Galleries of Scotland</figcaption></figure><p><i>1.1.7.</i> <i>MEMNON: This is the army of Memnon; their arms have been laid aside, and they are laying out the body of their chief for mourning; he has been struck in the breast, I think, by the ashen spear. For when I find a broad plain and tents and an entrenched camp and a city fenced in with walls, I feel sure that these are Ethiopians and that this city is Troy and that it is Memnon, the son of Eos, who is being mourned. When he came to the defence of Troy, the son of Peleus, they say, slew him, mighty though he was and likely to be no whit inferior to his opponent. Notice to what huge length he lies on the ground, and how long is the crop of curls, which he grew, no doubt, that he might dedicate them to the Nile; for while the mouth of the Nile belongs to Egypt, the sources of it belong to Ethiopia. See his form, how strong it is, even though the light has gone from his eyes; see his downy beard, how it matches his age with that of his youthful slayer. You would not say that Memnon's skin is really black, for the black of it shows a trace of ruddiness.</i> </p><p><i>2.7.2 Now such is the scene in Homer, but the events depicted by the painter are as follows: Memnon coming from Ethiopia slays Antilochus who had thrown himself in front of this father, and he seems to strike terror among the Achaeans — for before Memnon's time black men were but a subject for story...</i> </p><p><i>Memnon, stands, terrible to look upon, in the army of the Ethiopians, holding a spear and wearing a lion's skin and sneering at Achilles.</i> </p> </blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Memnon_son_of_Eos_(Aurora)_and_Tithonus"><span id="Memnon_son_of_Eos_.28Aurora.29_and_Tithonus"></span>Memnon son of Eos (Aurora) and Tithonus</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Memnon&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Memnon son of Eos (Aurora) and Tithonus"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to ancient Greek poets, Memnon's father <a href="/wiki/Tithonus" title="Tithonus">Tithonus</a> was snatched away from Troy by the goddess of dawn <a href="/wiki/Eos" title="Eos">Eos</a> and was taken to the ends of the earth on the coast of Oceanus.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Plate_125-_Aurora_Asking_Jupiter_to_Honor_Memnon_(Aurora_a_Iove_Memnoni,_mortis_honorem_petit),_from_Ovid%27s_%27Metamorphoses%27_MET_DP866530.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Plate_125-_Aurora_Asking_Jupiter_to_Honor_Memnon_%28Aurora_a_Iove_Memnoni%2C_mortis_honorem_petit%29%2C_from_Ovid%27s_%27Metamorphoses%27_MET_DP866530.jpg/220px-Plate_125-_Aurora_Asking_Jupiter_to_Honor_Memnon_%28Aurora_a_Iove_Memnoni%2C_mortis_honorem_petit%29%2C_from_Ovid%27s_%27Metamorphoses%27_MET_DP866530.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="192" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Plate_125-_Aurora_Asking_Jupiter_to_Honor_Memnon_%28Aurora_a_Iove_Memnoni%2C_mortis_honorem_petit%29%2C_from_Ovid%27s_%27Metamorphoses%27_MET_DP866530.jpg/330px-Plate_125-_Aurora_Asking_Jupiter_to_Honor_Memnon_%28Aurora_a_Iove_Memnoni%2C_mortis_honorem_petit%29%2C_from_Ovid%27s_%27Metamorphoses%27_MET_DP866530.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Plate_125-_Aurora_Asking_Jupiter_to_Honor_Memnon_%28Aurora_a_Iove_Memnoni%2C_mortis_honorem_petit%29%2C_from_Ovid%27s_%27Metamorphoses%27_MET_DP866530.jpg/440px-Plate_125-_Aurora_Asking_Jupiter_to_Honor_Memnon_%28Aurora_a_Iove_Memnoni%2C_mortis_honorem_petit%29%2C_from_Ovid%27s_%27Metamorphoses%27_MET_DP866530.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1450" data-file-height="1263" /></a><figcaption>Plate 125: Aurora Asking Jupiter to Honor Memnon (Aurora an Iove Memnoni, mortis honorem petit), from Ovid's 'Metamorphoses' Artist: Antonio Tempesta (Italian, Florence 1555–1630 Rome)</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cyb%C3%A8le_remettant_%C3%A0_deux_g%C3%A9nies_Memnon.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Cyb%C3%A8le_remettant_%C3%A0_deux_g%C3%A9nies_Memnon.jpg/220px-Cyb%C3%A8le_remettant_%C3%A0_deux_g%C3%A9nies_Memnon.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Cyb%C3%A8le_remettant_%C3%A0_deux_g%C3%A9nies_Memnon.jpg/330px-Cyb%C3%A8le_remettant_%C3%A0_deux_g%C3%A9nies_Memnon.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Cyb%C3%A8le_remettant_%C3%A0_deux_g%C3%A9nies_Memnon.jpg/440px-Cyb%C3%A8le_remettant_%C3%A0_deux_g%C3%A9nies_Memnon.jpg 2x" data-file-width="768" data-file-height="507" /></a><figcaption>Cybèle remettant à deux génies Memnon, 1560 engraving by Giorgio Ghisi, Louvre Inventory number: 4414 LR/ Recto</figcaption></figure> <p>According to <a href="/wiki/Hesiod" title="Hesiod">Hesiod</a> Eos bore to Tithonus bronzed armed Memnon, the King of the Aethiopians and lordly <a href="/wiki/Emathion" title="Emathion">Emathion</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Zephyrus" title="Zephyrus">Zephyrus</a>, god of the <a href="/wiki/West_wind" title="West wind">west wind</a>, like Memnon was also the first-born son of Eos by another father <a href="/wiki/Astraeus" title="Astraeus">Astraeus</a>, making him the half-brother of Memnon. According to Quintus Smyrnaeus, Memnon said himself that he was raised by the <a href="/wiki/Hesperides" title="Hesperides">Hesperides</a> on the coast of Oceanus.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to Scholar Dean, Memnon, had a double or fused identity in classical antiquity. Considered both "Asian and African" for Greek and Roman writers because of his parentage and because of the geographical indeterminacy of Aithiopia and of India. Memnon was definitely black-skinned for Roman writers.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i><a href="/wiki/File:Eos_Memnon_Louvre_G115.jpg" title="File:Eos Memnon Louvre G115.jpg">Memnon Pieta</a></i> When Memnon died, Eos mourned greatly over the death of her son,<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and made the light of her brother, <a href="/wiki/Helios" title="Helios">Helios</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sun" title="Sun">Sun</a>), to fade, and begged <a href="/wiki/Nyx" title="Nyx">Nyx</a> (<a href="/wiki/Night" title="Night">Night</a>), to come out earlier, so she could be able to freely steal her son's body undetected by the armies of the Greeks and the Trojans.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After his death, Eos, perhaps with the help of <a href="/wiki/Hypnos" title="Hypnos">Hypnos</a> and <a href="/wiki/Thanatos" title="Thanatos">Thanatos</a>, the gods of sleep and death respectively, transported the slain Memnon's dead body back to Aethiopia,<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and also asked Zeus to make Memnon immortal, a wish he granted.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Colossi_of_Memnon">Colossi of Memnon</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Memnon&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Colossi of Memnon"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Colossi_of_Memnon" title="Colossi of Memnon">Colossi of Memnon</a> are two massive stone 3,400 year old twin statues of the Pharaoh <a href="/wiki/Amenhotep_III" title="Amenhotep III">Amenhotep III</a>, located in Luxor, Egypt. Greeks and Romans visitors associated them with mythical Memnon since at least the first century-calling a portrait-colossus of that pharaoh "Memnon." This identification was based, argued by R. Drew Griffith on the fact that the statue faces sunrise on the winter solstice and so was linked to the dawn.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to <a href="/wiki/Pliny_the_Elder" title="Pliny the Elder">Pliny the Elder</a> and others, one statue made a sound at morning time.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p> Pausanias also describes how he marveled at <a href="/wiki/Colossi_of_Memnon" title="Colossi of Memnon">a colossal statue in Egypt</a>, having been told that Memnon began his travels in Africa:</p><blockquote><p><i>In Egyptian Thebes, on crossing the Nile to the so-called Pipes, I saw a statue, still sitting, which gave out a sound. The many call it Memnon, who they say from Aethiopia overran Egypt and as far as Susa. The Thebans, however, say that it is a statue, not of Memnon, but of a native named Phamenoph, and I have heard some say that it is Sesostris. This statue was broken in two by Cambyses, and at the present day from head to middle it is thrown down; but the rest is seated, and every day at the rising of the sun it makes a noise, and the sound one could best liken to that of a harp or lyre when a string has been broken</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>Historian <a href="/wiki/Martin_Bernal" title="Martin Bernal">M. Bernal's</a> claim that the Greeks based Memnon on <a href="/wiki/Ammenemes" class="mw-redirect" title="Ammenemes">Ammenemes</a> of Egypt.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An Egyptian origin for Memnon appears likely from Zeus' weighing of his fate against Achilles' in the lost epic <i><a href="/wiki/Aethiopis" title="Aethiopis">Aethiopis</a>.</i> There is a similar motif in the early spell of the Egyptian <a href="/wiki/Book_of_the_Dead" title="Book of the Dead">Book of the Dead</a>. Like Memnon, Amenhotep formed military pacts with eastern kings, was son of a solar deity, and was exceptionally handsome. </p><p>Following an earthquake in 27 b.c. the northernmost of the colossi collapsed, and, at sunrise, began to produce an eerie musical sound that early Greek travelers interpreted as the mythical half-mortal Memnon calling out to his mother Eos, goddess of the dawn. Visitors came from far and wide to hear the song, including the Roman Emperor Hadrian and the Empress Sabine, who had to wait several days before the statue called out to them in a.d. 130.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The bust was restored in the Roman period and mounted on huge sandstone blocks. According to legend, Septimius Severus (r. 193-211 CE), seeking to repair the colossus, inadvertently silenced it forever.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>  </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Memnon&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Memnon" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Memnon">Memnon</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Emathion" title="Emathion">Emathion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penthesilea" title="Penthesilea">Penthesilea</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Memnon&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFGraves2017" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Graves" title="Robert Graves">Graves, Robert</a> (2017). <i>The Greek Myths: The Complete and Definitive Edition</i>. Penguin Books Limited. p. 595. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-241-98338-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-241-98338-6"><bdi>978-0-241-98338-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Greek+Myths%3A+The+Complete+and+Definitive+Edition&rft.pages=595&rft.pub=Penguin+Books+Limited&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-0-241-98338-6&rft.aulast=Graves&rft.aufirst=Robert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMemnon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRengakos2015" class="citation book cs1">Rengakos, Antonios (5 August 2015). 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Cambridge University Press. pp. <span class="nowrap">306–</span>317. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FCBO9780511998409.019">10.1017/CBO9780511998409.019</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-511-99840-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-511-99840-9"><bdi>978-0-511-99840-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Aethiopis&rft.btitle=Aethiopis%3A+Published+online+by+Cambridge+University+Press&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E306-%3C%2Fspan%3E317&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2015-08-05&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FCBO9780511998409.019&rft.isbn=978-0-511-99840-9&rft.aulast=Rengakos&rft.aufirst=Antonios&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cambridge.org%2Fcore%2Fbooks%2Fabs%2Fgreek-epic-cycle-and-its-ancient-reception%2Faethiopis%2F738F9FAF8C8B01CE11D1A0246186CFD9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMemnon" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">|website=</code> ignored (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#periodical_ignored" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://digiliblt.lett.unipmn.it/xtf/view?query=;brand=default;docId=dlt000144/dlt000144.xml">"digilibLT – Ephemeris belli Troiani"</a>. digilibLT<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 10,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Theoi+Project%3A+a+site+exploring+Greek+mythology+and+the+gods+in+classical+literature+and+art.&rft.atitle=Dictys+Cretensis+4.4&rft.date=2000&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theoi.com%2FText%2FDictysCretensis4.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMemnon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ark.dasch.swiss/ark:/72163/1/080E/bt5vppTnUtKJLo2Wdzfliwb.20160505T235331Z">"Scene 913"</a>. <i>Lexicon Iconographicum Mythologiae Classicae</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Lexicon+Iconographicum+Mythologiae+Classicae&rft.atitle=Scene+913&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fark.dasch.swiss%2Fark%3A%2F72163%2F1%2F080E%2Fbt5vppTnUtKJLo2Wdzfliwb.20160505T235331Z&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMemnon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://topostext.org/people/1491#">"Memnon (s. of Tithonus) mythical Ethiopian king Wikidata ID: Q506781"</a>. <i>Topos Text</i>. 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 10,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Topos+Text&rft.atitle=Memnon+%28s.+of+Tithonus%29+mythical+Ethiopian+king+Wikidata+ID%3A+Q506781&rft.date=2019&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftopostext.org%2Fpeople%2F1491%23&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMemnon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.02.0054:book=8:card=370">"P. Vergilius Maro, Aeneid, Book 8, line 370"</a>. <i>www.perseus.tufts.edu</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-07-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.perseus.tufts.edu&rft.atitle=P.+Vergilius+Maro%2C+Aeneid%2C+Book+8%2C+line+370&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.perseus.tufts.edu%2Fhopper%2Ftext%3Fdoc%3DPerseus%3Atext%3A1999.02.0054%3Abook%3D8%3Acard%3D370&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMemnon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dcc.dickinson.edu/vergil-aeneid/vergil-aeneid-i-464-493">"Vergil, Aeneid I 464-493 | Dickinson College Commentaries"</a>. <i>dcc.dickinson.edu</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-07-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=dcc.dickinson.edu&rft.atitle=Vergil%2C+Aeneid+I+464-493+%7C+Dickinson+College+Commentaries&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdcc.dickinson.edu%2Fvergil-aeneid%2Fvergil-aeneid-i-464-493&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMemnon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFQuintusJames2004">Quintus & James 2004</a>, pp. 39, 556–60</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/Memnon-Greek-mythology"><i>Memnon</i></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 November</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Memnon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Ftopic%2FMemnon-Greek-mythology&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMemnon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFQuintusJames2004">Quintus & James 2004</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSílvia" class="citation web cs1">Sílvia. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.liederabend.cat/en/2-bloc/960-sv19-memnon">"SV19 - Memnon"</a>. <i>Liederabend</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-07-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Liederabend&rft.atitle=SV19+-+Memnon&rft.au=S%C3%ADlvia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.liederabend.cat%2Fen%2F2-bloc%2F960-sv19-memnon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMemnon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.etymonline.com/word/Ethiop">"Ethiop | Etymology of Ethiop by etymonline"</a>. <i>www.etymonline.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-07-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.etymonline.com&rft.atitle=Ethiop+%7C+Etymology+of+Ethiop+by+etymonline&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.etymonline.com%2Fword%2FEthiop&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMemnon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lsj.gr/wiki/%CE%B1%E1%BC%B4%CE%B8%CF%89">"αἴθω - Ancient Greek (LSJ)"</a>. <i>lsj.gr</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-07-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=lsj.gr&rft.atitle=%CE%B1%E1%BC%B4%CE%B8%CF%89+-+Ancient+Greek+%28LSJ%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flsj.gr%2Fwiki%2F%25CE%25B1%25E1%25BC%25B4%25CE%25B8%25CF%2589&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMemnon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Homer" title="Homer">Homer</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Odyssey" title="Odyssey">Odyssey</a></i> 11.522</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Herodotus" title="Herodotus">Herodotus</a>, 5.54 & 7.151</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Also, there are in Ionia two figures of this man carved in rock, one on the road from Ephesus to Phocaea, and the other on that from Sardis to Smyrna. In both places, the figure is over twenty feet high, with a spear in his right hand and a bow in his left, and the rest of his equipment proportional; for it is both Egyptian and Aethiopian; and right across the breast from one shoulder to the other a text is cut in the Egyptian sacred characters, saying: 'I myself won this land with the strength of my shoulders.' There is nothing here to show who he is and whence he comes, but it is shown elsewhere. Some of those who have seen these figures guess they are Memnon, but they are far indeed from the truth."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHerodotus2003">Herodotus 2003</a>, p. 135</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHerodotus2003">Herodotus 2003</a>, p. 640</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Homeric Hym to Aphrodite</i> 215</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Hesiod" title="Hesiod">Hesiod</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Theogony" title="Theogony">Theogony</a></i> 984</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Quintus_Smyrnaeus" title="Quintus Smyrnaeus">Quintus Smyrnaeus</a>, 2</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDean2024" class="citation journal cs1">Dean, Trevor (2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s12138-023-00640-2">"Memnon in the Middle Ages: The Reception of a Homeric Hero"</a>. <i>International Journal of the Classical Tradition</i>. <b>31</b> (2): <span class="nowrap">141–</span>155. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs12138-023-00640-2">10.1007/s12138-023-00640-2</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+the+Classical+Tradition&rft.atitle=Memnon+in+the+Middle+Ages%3A+The+Reception+of+a+Homeric+Hero&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E141-%3C%2Fspan%3E155&rft.date=2024&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs12138-023-00640-2&rft.aulast=Dean&rft.aufirst=Trevor&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1007%2Fs12138-023-00640-2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMemnon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www2.classics.upenn.edu/myth/php/tools/dictionary.php?method=did&regexp=694&setcard=0&link=0&media=0">"Greek & Roman Mythology - Tools"</a>. <i>www2.classics.upenn.edu</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-07-23</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www2.classics.upenn.edu&rft.atitle=Greek+%26+Roman+Mythology+-+Tools&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww2.classics.upenn.edu%2Fmyth%2Fphp%2Ftools%2Fdictionary.php%3Fmethod%3Ddid%26regexp%3D694%26setcard%3D0%26link%3D0%26media%3D0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMemnon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://topostext.org/work/225#1.7.2">"ToposText"</a>. <i>topostext.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-10-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=topostext.org&rft.atitle=ToposText&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftopostext.org%2Fwork%2F225%231.7.2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMemnon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCurrie2010" class="citation book cs1">Currie, Bruno (2010-04-29). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=zTtaKhpwoP4C&pg=PA51"><i>Pindar and the Cult of Heroes</i></a>. OUP Oxford. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-161516-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-161516-0"><bdi>978-0-19-161516-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pindar+and+the+Cult+of+Heroes&rft.pub=OUP+Oxford&rft.date=2010-04-29&rft.isbn=978-0-19-161516-0&rft.aulast=Currie&rft.aufirst=Bruno&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DzTtaKhpwoP4C%26pg%3DPA51&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMemnon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110607190115/http://www.stoa.org/hopper/text.jsp?doc=Stoa:text:2003.01.0004:account=2">"Proclus, Proclus' Summary of the Aithiopis, attributed to Arctinus of Miletus"</a>. 2011-06-07. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stoa.org/hopper/text.jsp?doc=Stoa:text:2003.01.0004:account=2">the original</a> on 2011-06-07<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-10-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Proclus%2C+Proclus%27+Summary+of+the+Aithiopis%2C+attributed+to+Arctinus+of+Miletus&rft.date=2011-06-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.stoa.org%2Fhopper%2Ftext.jsp%3Fdoc%3DStoa%3Atext%3A2003.01.0004%3Aaccount%3D2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMemnon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGriffith1998" class="citation web cs1">Griffith, R. Drew (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://philpapers.org/rec/GRITOO">"The origin of Memnon. Classical Antiquity 17 (2):212-234"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+origin+of+Memnon.+Classical+Antiquity+17+%282%29%3A212-234.&rft.date=1998&rft.aulast=Griffith&rft.aufirst=R.+Drew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fphilpapers.org%2Frec%2FGRITOO&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMemnon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Pliny_the_Elder" title="Pliny the Elder">Pliny the Elder</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Natural_History_(Pliny)" title="Natural History (Pliny)">Natural History</a></i> 36.11 ; <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/20487531">The Sounding Statue of Memnon</a></i> (The Sounding Statue of Memnon Source: Cosmopolitan Art Journal , Mar., 1861, Vol. 5, No. 1 (Mar., 1861), pp. 1-7</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPausanias1918" class="citation book cs1">Pausanias (1918). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog.php?isbn=9780674991040"><i>Description of Greece</i></a>. Translated by W. H. S. Jones. Harvard University Press; William Heinmann Ltd. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-674-99104-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-674-99104-0"><bdi>978-0-674-99104-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Description+of+Greece&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press%3B+William+Heinmann+Ltd.&rft.date=1918&rft.isbn=978-0-674-99104-0&rft.au=Pausanias&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hup.harvard.edu%2Fcatalog.php%3Fisbn%3D9780674991040&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMemnon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGriffith1998" class="citation web cs1">Griffith, R. Drew (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://online.ucpress.edu/ca/article-abstract/17/2/212/25547/The-Origin-of-Memnon?redirectedFrom=fulltext">"Classical Antiquity: The Origin of Memnon"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Classical+Antiquity%3A+The+Origin+of+Memnon&rft.date=1998&rft.aulast=Griffith&rft.aufirst=R.+Drew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fonline.ucpress.edu%2Fca%2Farticle-abstract%2F17%2F2%2F212%2F25547%2FThe-Origin-of-Memnon%3FredirectedFrom%3Dfulltext&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMemnon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation journal cs1">"The Sounding Statue of Memnon". <i>Cosmopolitan Art Journal</i>. <b>5</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">1–</span>7. 1861. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/20487531">20487531</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cosmopolitan+Art+Journal&rft.atitle=The+Sounding+Statue+of+Memnon&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1-%3C%2Fspan%3E7&rft.date=1861&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F20487531%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMemnon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFManolaraki2019" class="citation cs2">Manolaraki, Eleni Hall (July 2019), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/10.1086/703350">"The Language of Ruins: Greek and Latin Inscriptions on the Memnon Colossus. By Patricia A. Rosenmeyer. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, 2018. (Book Review)"</a>, <i>The Language of Ruins: Greek and Latin Inscriptions on the Memnon Colossus. By Patricia A. Rosenmeyer. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, 2018. Pp. 265.</i>, vol. 114, no. 3, Oxford University Press, pp. <span class="nowrap">544–</span>549, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1086%2F703350">10.1086/703350</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-938113-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-938113-5"><bdi>978-0-19-938113-5</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-07-23</span></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Language+of+Ruins%3A+Greek+and+Latin+Inscriptions+on+the+Memnon+Colossus.+By+Patricia+A.+Rosenmeyer.+Oxford+and+New+York%3A+Oxford+University+Press%2C+2018.+Pp.+265.&rft.atitle=The+Language+of+Ruins%3A+Greek+and+Latin+Inscriptions+on+the+Memnon+Colossus.+By+Patricia+A.+Rosenmeyer.+Oxford+and+New+York%3A+Oxford+University+Press%2C+2018.+%28Book+Review%29&rft.volume=114&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E544-%3C%2Fspan%3E549&rft.date=2019-07&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1086%2F703350&rft.isbn=978-0-19-938113-5&rft.aulast=Manolaraki&rft.aufirst=Eleni+Hall&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.journals.uchicago.edu%2Fdoi%2F10.1086%2F703350&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMemnon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Memnon&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dictys_Cretensis" title="Dictys Cretensis">Dictys Cretensis</a><i>, from The Trojan War.</i> <i>The Chronicles of Dictys of Crete and <a href="/wiki/Dares_Phrygius" title="Dares Phrygius">Dares the Phrygian</a></i> translated by Richard McIlwaine Frazer Jr. (1931-). Indiana University Press. 1966. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://topostext.org/work/152">Online version at the Topos Text Project.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Graves" title="Robert Graves">Graves, Robert</a>, <i>The Greek Myths</i>, Harmondsworth, London, England, Penguin Books, 1960. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0143106715" title="Special:BookSources/978-0143106715">978-0143106715</a></li> <li>Graves, Robert, <i>The Greek Myths: The Complete and Definitive Edition.</i> Penguin Books Limited. 2017. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-241-98338-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-241-98338-6">978-0-241-98338-6</a>, <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/024198338X" title="Special:BookSources/024198338X">024198338X</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHerodotus2003" class="citation book cs1">Herodotus (2003). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/histories00hero"><i>The Histories</i></a></span>. London, England: Penguin Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-14-044908-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-14-044908-2"><bdi>978-0-14-044908-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Histories&rft.place=London%2C+England&rft.pub=Penguin+Books&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-14-044908-2&rft.au=Herodotus&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhistories00hero&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMemnon" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herodotus" title="Herodotus">Herodotus</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Histories_(Herodotus)" title="Histories (Herodotus)">The Histories</a></i> with an English translation by A. D. Godley. Cambridge. Harvard University Press. 1920. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-674-99133-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-674-99133-8">0-674-99133-8</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://topostext.org/work/22">Online version at the Topos Text Project.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.01.0125">Greek text available at Perseus Digital Library</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homer" title="Homer">Homer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Odyssey" title="Odyssey"><i>The Odyssey</i></a> with an English Translation by A.T. Murray, Ph.D. in two volumes. Cambridge, MA., Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann, Ltd. 1919. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0674995611" title="Special:BookSources/978-0674995611">978-0674995611</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.01.0136">Online version at the Perseus Digital Library.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.01.0135">Greek text available from the same website</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philostratus_of_Lemnos" title="Philostratus of Lemnos">Philostratus the Elder</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Imagines_(work_by_Philostratus)" title="Imagines (work by Philostratus)">Imagines</a>,</i> translated by Arthur Fairbanks (1864–1944). Loeb Classical Library Volume 256. London: William Heinemann, 1931. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://topostext.org/work/225">Online version at the Topos Text Project.</a></li> <li>Philostratus the Lemnian (Philostratus Major), <i>Flavii Philostrati Opera. Vol 2</i>. Carl Ludwig Kayser. in aedibus B. G. Teubneri. Lipsiae. 1871. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:2008.01.0601">Greek text available at the Perseus Digital Library</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pliny_the_Elder" title="Pliny the Elder">Pliny the Elder</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Natural_History_(Pliny)" title="Natural History (Pliny)">The Natural History</a>.</i> John Bostock, M.D., F.R.S. H.T. Riley, Esq., B.A. London. Taylor and Francis, Red Lion Court, Fleet Street. 1855. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.02.0137">Online version at the Perseus Digital Library.</a></li> <li>Pliny the Elder, <i>Naturalis Historia.</i> Karl Friedrich Theodor Mayhoff. Lipsiae. Teubner. 1906. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.02.0138">Latin text available at the Perseus Digital Library.</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFQuintusJames2004" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">Quintus; James, Alan W. (2004). <i>The Trojan Epic: Posthomerica</i>. Vol. Book II. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins UP.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Trojan+Epic%3A+Posthomerica&rft.place=Baltimore%2C+MD&rft.pub=Johns+Hopkins+UP&rft.date=2004&rft.au=Quintus&rft.au=James%2C+Alan+W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMemnon" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quintus_Smyrnaeus" title="Quintus Smyrnaeus">Quintus Smyrnaeus</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Posthomerica" title="Posthomerica">The Fall of Troy</a></i> translated by Way. A. S. Loeb Classical Library Volume 19. London: William Heinemann, 1913. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theoi.com/Text/QuintusSmyrnaeus1.html">Online version at theoi.com</a></li> <li>Quintus Smyrnaeus, <i>The Fall of Troy</i>. Arthur S. Way. London: William Heinemann; New York: G.P. Putnam's Sons. 1913. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:2008.01.0490">Greek text available at the Perseus Digital Library</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Memnon&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Griffith, R. Drew. "The Origin of Memnon." <i>Classical Antiquity</i> 17, no. 2 (1998): 212–34. Accessed June 15, 2020. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F25011083">10.2307/25011083</a>.</li> <li>Heichelheim, F. M. "The Historical Date for the Final Memnon Myth." <i>Rheinisches Museum Für Philologie</i> (New Series) 100, no. 3 (1957): 259–63. Accessed June 15, 2020. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/41243876">41243876</a>.</li> <li>Petit, Thierry. "Amathousiens, Éthiopiens et Perses". In: <i>Cahiers du Centre d'Études Chypriotes</i>. Volume 28, 1998. pp. 73–86. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3406%2Fcchyp.1998.1340">10.3406/cchyp.1998.1340</a>; <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.persee.fr/doc/cchyp_0761-8271_1998_num_28_1_1340">https://www.persee.fr/doc/cchyp_0761-8271_1998_num_28_1_1340</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl 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.navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Characters_in_the_Iliad77" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Characters_in_the_Iliad" title="Template:Characters in the Iliad"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Characters_in_the_Iliad" title="Template talk:Characters in the Iliad"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Characters_in_the_Iliad" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Characters in the Iliad"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Characters_in_the_Iliad77" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Homeric_characters" title="List of Homeric characters">Characters in the <i>Iliad</i></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Achaeans</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acamas" title="Acamas">Acamas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Achilles" title="Achilles">Achilles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agamemnon" title="Agamemnon">Agamemnon</a> (king of Mycenae)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agapenor" title="Agapenor">Agapenor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ajax_the_Great" title="Ajax the Great">Ajax the Greater</a> (king of Salamis)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ajax_the_Lesser" title="Ajax the Lesser">Ajax the Lesser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcimus_(mythology)" title="Alcimus (mythology)">Alcimus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anticlus" title="Anticlus">Anticlus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antilochus" class="mw-redirect" title="Antilochus">Antilochus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arcesilaus_(mythology)" title="Arcesilaus (mythology)">Arcesilaus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ascalaphus_(son_of_Ares)" title="Ascalaphus (son of Ares)">Ascalaphus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automedon" title="Automedon">Automedon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balius_and_Xanthus" title="Balius and Xanthus">Balius and Xanthus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bias_(mythology)" title="Bias (mythology)">Bias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calchas" title="Calchas">Calchas</a> (prophet)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diomedes" title="Diomedes">Diomedes</a> (king of Argos)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elephenor" title="Elephenor">Elephenor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epeius" title="Epeius">Epeius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eudoros" title="Eudoros">Eudoros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euryalus" title="Euryalus">Euryalus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurybates" title="Eurybates">Eurybates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurydamas" title="Eurydamas">Eurydamas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurypylus_(king_of_Thessaly)" class="mw-redirect" title="Eurypylus (king of Thessaly)">Eurypylus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guneus" title="Guneus">Guneus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_of_Troy" title="Helen of Troy">Helen</a> (queen of Sparta)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ialmenus" title="Ialmenus">Ialmenus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idomeneus" class="mw-redirect" title="Idomeneus">Idomeneus</a> (king of Crete)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iphigenia" title="Iphigenia">Iphigenia</a> (princess of Mycenae)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leitus" title="Leitus">Leitus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonteus_(mythology)" title="Leonteus (mythology)">Leonteus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lycomedes" class="mw-redirect" title="Lycomedes">Lycomedes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Machaon_(mythology)" title="Machaon (mythology)">Machaon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medon_(mythology)" title="Medon (mythology)">Medon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meges" title="Meges">Meges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menelaus" title="Menelaus">Menelaus</a> (king of Sparta)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menestheus" title="Menestheus">Menestheus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meriones_(mythology)" title="Meriones (mythology)">Meriones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neoptolemus" title="Neoptolemus">Neoptolemus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nestor_(mythology)" title="Nestor (mythology)">Nestor</a> (king of Pylos)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nireus" title="Nireus">Nireus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odysseus" title="Odysseus">Odysseus</a> (king of Ithaca)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palamedes_(mythology)" title="Palamedes (mythology)">Palamedes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patroclus" title="Patroclus">Patroclus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peneleos" title="Peneleos">Peneleos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philoctetes" title="Philoctetes">Philoctetes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phoenix_(son_of_Amyntor)" title="Phoenix (son of Amyntor)">Phoenix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Podalirius" title="Podalirius">Podalirius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Podarces" title="Podarces">Podarces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polites_(friend_of_Odysseus)" title="Polites (friend of Odysseus)">Polites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polypoetes" title="Polypoetes">Polypoetes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Promachus" title="Promachus">Promachus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protesilaus" title="Protesilaus">Protesilaus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prothoenor" title="Prothoenor">Prothoenor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schedius" title="Schedius">Schedius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinon" title="Sinon">Sinon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stentor" title="Stentor">Stentor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sthenelus" title="Sthenelus">Sthenelus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talthybius" title="Talthybius">Talthybius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teucer" title="Teucer">Teucer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thersites" title="Thersites">Thersites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thoas_(king_of_Aetolia)" title="Thoas (king of Aetolia)">Thoas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thrasymedes_(mythology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Thrasymedes (mythology)">Thrasymedes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tlepolemus" title="Tlepolemus">Tlepolemus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Trojans</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aeneas" title="Aeneas">Aeneas</a> (royal demigod)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aesepus" title="Aesepus">Aesepus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agenor,_son_of_Antenor" class="mw-redirect" title="Agenor, son of Antenor">Agenor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcathous" title="Alcathous">Alcathous</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amphimachus" title="Amphimachus">Amphimachus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anchises" title="Anchises">Anchises</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andromache" title="Andromache">Andromache</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antenor_(Trojan)" title="Antenor (Trojan)">Antenor</a> (king's brother-in-law)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antiphates" title="Antiphates">Antiphates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antiphus" title="Antiphus">Antiphus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archelochus" title="Archelochus">Archelochus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asius_(mythology)" title="Asius (mythology)">Asius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asteropaios" title="Asteropaios">Asteropaios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astyanax" title="Astyanax">Astyanax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atymnius" title="Atymnius">Atymnius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Axylus" title="Axylus">Axylus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Briseis" title="Briseis">Briseis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calesius" title="Calesius">Calesius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caletor" title="Caletor">Caletor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cassandra" title="Cassandra">Cassandra</a> (princess of Troy)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chryseis" title="Chryseis">Chryseis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chryses" class="mw-redirect" title="Chryses">Chryses</a> (priest of Apollo)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clytius" title="Clytius">Clytius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Co%C3%B6n" title="Coön">Coön</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dares_Phrygius" title="Dares Phrygius">Dares Phrygius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deiphobus" title="Deiphobus">Deiphobus</a> (prince of Troy)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolon_(mythology)" title="Dolon (mythology)">Dolon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epistrophus_(mythology)" title="Epistrophus (mythology)">Epistrophus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euphemus" title="Euphemus">Euphemus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euphorbus" title="Euphorbus">Euphorbus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glaucus_(soldier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Glaucus (soldier)">Glaucus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gorgythion" title="Gorgythion">Gorgythion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hector" title="Hector">Hector</a> (prince of Troy)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hecuba" title="Hecuba">Hecuba</a> (queen of Troy)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helenus" class="mw-redirect" title="Helenus">Helenus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyperenor" title="Hyperenor">Hyperenor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypsenor" title="Hypsenor">Hypsenor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iamenus" title="Iamenus">Iamenus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilioneus" title="Ilioneus">Ilioneus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imbrius" title="Imbrius">Imbrius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iphidamas" title="Iphidamas">Iphidamas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kebriones" class="mw-redirect" title="Kebriones">Kebriones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laoco%C3%B6n" title="Laocoön">Laocoön</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lycaon_of_Troy" class="mw-redirect" title="Lycaon of Troy">Lycaon</a> (prince of Troy)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melanippus" title="Melanippus">Melanippus</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Memnon</a> (King of Ethiopia)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mentes_(King_of_the_Cicones)" title="Mentes (King of the Cicones)">Mentes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mydon" title="Mydon">Mydon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mygdon_of_Phrygia" class="mw-redirect" title="Mygdon of Phrygia">Mygdon of Phrygia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Othryoneus" title="Othryoneus">Othryoneus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pandarus" title="Pandarus">Pandarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panthous" title="Panthous">Panthous</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paris_(mythology)" title="Paris (mythology)">Paris</a> (prince of Troy)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedasus" title="Pedasus">Pedasus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peirous" title="Peirous">Peirous</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penthesilea" title="Penthesilea">Penthesilea</a> (Queen of the Amazons)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phorcys_(Trojan_War)" class="mw-redirect" title="Phorcys (Trojan War)">Phorcys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Podes" title="Podes">Podes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polites_(prince_of_Troy)" class="mw-redirect" title="Polites (prince of Troy)">Polites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polydamas_(mythology)" title="Polydamas (mythology)">Polydamas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polybus_(Trojan_War)" class="mw-redirect" title="Polybus (Trojan War)">Polybus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polydorus_of_Troy" title="Polydorus of Troy">Polydorus</a> (prince of Troy)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polyxena" title="Polyxena">Polyxena</a> (princess of Troy)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Priam" title="Priam">Priam</a> (king of Troy)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pylaemenes" title="Pylaemenes">Pylaemenes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pylaeus" title="Pylaeus">Pylaeus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyraechmes" title="Pyraechmes">Pyraechmes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhesus_of_Thrace" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhesus of Thrace">Rhesus of Thrace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarpedon_(Trojan_War_hero)" title="Sarpedon (Trojan War hero)">Sarpedon</a> (king of Lycia)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scamandrius_(Trojan_War)" title="Scamandrius (Trojan War)">Scamandrius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theano" title="Theano">Theano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ucalegon" title="Ucalegon">Ucalegon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Gods</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aphrodite" title="Aphrodite">Aphrodite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollo" title="Apollo">Apollo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ares" title="Ares">Ares</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artemis" title="Artemis">Artemis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athena" title="Athena">Athena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dionysus" title="Dionysus">Dionysus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eris_(mythology)" title="Eris (mythology)">Eris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hades" title="Hades">Hades</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helios" title="Helios">Helios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hephaestus" title="Hephaestus">Hephaestus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hera" title="Hera">Hera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermes" title="Hermes">Hermes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypnos" title="Hypnos">Hypnos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iris_(mythology)" title="Iris (mythology)">Iris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leto" title="Leto">Leto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poseidon" title="Poseidon">Poseidon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scamander" title="Scamander">Scamander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thanatos" title="Thanatos">Thanatos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thetis" title="Thetis">Thetis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zeus" title="Zeus">Zeus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Metamorphoses_in_Greek_mythology155" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background:#cef2e0"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Metamorphoses_in_Greek_mythology" title="Template:Metamorphoses in Greek mythology"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Metamorphoses_in_Greek_mythology" title="Template talk:Metamorphoses in Greek mythology"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Metamorphoses_in_Greek_mythology" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Metamorphoses in Greek mythology"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Metamorphoses_in_Greek_mythology155" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Metamorphoses_in_Greek_mythology" title="Metamorphoses in Greek mythology">Metamorphoses in Greek mythology</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cef2e0;width:1%">Animals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#cef2e0;">Avian</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abas_(mythology)" title="Abas (mythology)">Abas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acanthis_(mythology)" title="Acanthis (mythology)">Acanthis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acanthus_(son_of_Autonous)" title="Acanthus (son of Autonous)">Acanthus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acmon" title="Acmon">Acmon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A%C3%ABdon" title="Aëdon">Aëdon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aegolius_(mythology)" title="Aegolius (mythology)">Aegolius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aegypius_(mythology)" title="Aegypius (mythology)">Aegypius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A%C3%ABtos" title="Aëtos">Aëtos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aesacus" title="Aesacus">Aesacus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agrius_and_Oreius_(mythology)" title="Agrius and Oreius (mythology)">Agrius and Oreius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agron_(mythology)" title="Agron (mythology)">Agron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcander_(mythology)" title="Alcander (mythology)">Alcander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcyone_(daughter_of_Sciron)" title="Alcyone (daughter of Sciron)">Alcyone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcyone_and_Ceyx" title="Alcyone and Ceyx">Alcyone and Ceyx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcyonides" title="Alcyonides">Alcyonides</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alectryon_(mythology)" title="Alectryon (mythology)">Alectryon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthus_(mythology)" title="Anthus (mythology)">Anthus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antigone_of_Troy" class="mw-redirect" title="Antigone of Troy">Antigone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argus_Panoptes" title="Argus Panoptes">Argus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arne_Sithonis" title="Arne Sithonis">Arne Sithonis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artemiche" title="Artemiche">Artemiche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ascalaphus_(son_of_Acheron)" title="Ascalaphus (son of Acheron)">Ascalaphus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asteria" title="Asteria">Asteria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autonous" title="Autonous">Autonous</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Botres" title="Botres">Botres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulis_(mythology)" title="Bulis (mythology)">Bulis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byssa_(mythology)" title="Byssa (mythology)">Byssa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caeneus" title="Caeneus">Caeneus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celeus_(Crete)" title="Celeus (Crete)">Celeus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cerberus_(Greek_myth)" title="Cerberus (Greek myth)">Cerberus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chelidon_(mythology)" title="Chelidon (mythology)">Chelidon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinyras" title="Cinyras">Cinyras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clinis" title="Clinis">Clinis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Combe_(mythology)" title="Combe (mythology)">Combe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corone_(crow)" title="Corone (crow)">Corone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ctesylla" title="Ctesylla">Ctesylla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cycnus_(son_of_Apollo)" title="Cycnus (son of Apollo)">Cycnus (son of Apollo)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cycnus_(son_of_Ares)" title="Cycnus (son of Ares)">Cycnus (son of Ares)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cycnus_(son_of_Poseidon)" title="Cycnus (son of Poseidon)">Cycnus (son of Poseidon)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cycnus_(son_of_Sthenelus)" title="Cycnus (son of Sthenelus)">Cycnus (son of Sthenelus)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daedalion" title="Daedalion">Daedalion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erinoma" title="Erinoma">Erinoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erodius" title="Erodius">Erodius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eumelus" title="Eumelus">Eumelus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerana" title="Gerana">Gerana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harmotho%C3%AB" title="Harmothoë">Harmothoë</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harpalyce_(daughter_of_Clymenus)" title="Harpalyce (daughter of Clymenus)">Harpalyce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harpasus" title="Harpasus">Harpasus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harpe_(mythology)" title="Harpe (mythology)">Harpe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hierax_(mythology)" title="Hierax (mythology)">Hierax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hippodamia_(wife_of_Autonous)" title="Hippodamia (wife of Autonous)">Hippodamia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyperippe" title="Hyperippe">Hyperippe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyria_(mythology)" title="Hyria (mythology)">Hyria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ictinus_(mythology)" title="Ictinus (mythology)">Ictinus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idas_(mythology)" title="Idas (mythology)">Idas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ino_(Greek_mythology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ino (Greek mythology)">Ino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Itys" title="Itys">Itys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iynx" title="Iynx">Iynx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laius_(Crete)" title="Laius (Crete)">Laius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lelante" title="Lelante">Lelante</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lycius_(son_of_Clinis)" title="Lycius (son of Clinis)">Lycius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lycus_(mythology)" title="Lycus (mythology)">Lycus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Megaletor" title="Megaletor">Megaletor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meleagrids" title="Meleagrids">Meleagrids</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Memnonides</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meropis_(mythology)" title="Meropis (mythology)">Meropis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merops_(mythology)" title="Merops (mythology)">Merops</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minyades" title="Minyades">Minyades</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Munichus" title="Munichus">Munichus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neophron_(Greek_myth)" title="Neophron (Greek myth)">Neophron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nisos" title="Nisos">Nisus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nyctaea" title="Nyctaea">Nyctaea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nyctimene_(mythology)" title="Nyctimene (mythology)">Nyctimene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oenoe_(mythology)" title="Oenoe (mythology)">Oenoe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oenotropae" title="Oenotropae">Oenotropae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ortygius" title="Ortygius">Ortygius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pandareus" title="Pandareus">Pandareus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pelia_(mythology)" title="Pelia (mythology)">Pelia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perdix_(mythology)" title="Perdix (mythology)">Perdix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Periphas_(king_of_Attica)" title="Periphas (king of Attica)">Periphas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peristera_(mythology)" title="Peristera (mythology)">Peristera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Picus" title="Picus">Picus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierides_(mythology)" title="Pierides (mythology)">Pierides</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phene_(mythology)" title="Phene (mythology)">Phene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philaeus_(mythology)" title="Philaeus (mythology)">Philaeus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philomela" title="Philomela">Philomela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pleiades_(Greek_mythology)" title="Pleiades (Greek mythology)">Pleiades</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polyphonte" title="Polyphonte">Polyphonte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polytechnus" title="Polytechnus">Polytechnus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Procne" title="Procne">Procne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhexenor" title="Rhexenor">Rhexenor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schoeneus" title="Schoeneus">Schoeneus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scylla_(daughter_of_Nisus)" title="Scylla (daughter of Nisus)">Scylla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tereus" title="Tereus">Tereus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timandra_(mother_of_Neophron)" title="Timandra (mother of Neophron)">Timandra</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#cef2e0;">Non-avian</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abas_(mythology)" title="Abas (mythology)">Abas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Actaeon" title="Actaeon">Actaeon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arachne" title="Arachne">Arachne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arcas" title="Arcas">Arcas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arge" title="Arge">Arge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aristaeus_(Giant)" class="mw-redirect" title="Aristaeus (Giant)">Aristaeus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ascalabus" title="Ascalabus">Ascalabus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atalanta" title="Atalanta">Atalanta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cadmus" title="Cadmus">Cadmus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calchus" title="Calchus">Calchus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Callisto_(mythology)" title="Callisto (mythology)">Callisto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cephissus_(mythology)" title="Cephissus (mythology)">Cephissus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cerambus" title="Cerambus">Cerambus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cercopes" title="Cercopes">Cercopes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chelone_(mythology)" title="Chelone (mythology)">Chelone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circe" title="Circe">Circe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korybantes" title="Korybantes">Curetes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cynosura_(nymph)" title="Cynosura (nymph)">Cynosura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galanthis" title="Galanthis">Galanthis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gale_(mythology)" title="Gale (mythology)">Gale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harmonia" title="Harmonia">Harmonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hecuba" title="Hecuba">Hecuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helice_(mythology)" title="Helice (mythology)">Helice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hippomenes" title="Hippomenes">Hippomenes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Io_(mythology)" title="Io (mythology)">Io</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lycaon_(king_of_Arcadia)" title="Lycaon (king of Arcadia)">Lycaon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lycian_peasants" title="Lycian peasants">Lycian peasants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyncus" title="Lyncus">Lyncus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Megisto_(mythology)" title="Megisto (mythology)">Megisto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melanippe" title="Melanippe">Melanippe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euphorion_(mythology)" title="Euphorion (mythology)">Melian nymphs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melissa" title="Melissa">Melissa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minyades" title="Minyades">Minyades</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myia_(mythology)" title="Myia (mythology)">Myia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myrmex_(Attic_woman)" title="Myrmex (Attic woman)">Myrmex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Na%C3%AFs_(mythology)" title="Naïs (mythology)">Naïs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nerites_(mythology)" title="Nerites (mythology)">Nerites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ocyrhoe" title="Ocyrhoe">Ocyrhoe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odysseus" title="Odysseus">Odysseus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pentheus" title="Pentheus">Pentheus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phalanx_(mythology)" title="Phalanx (mythology)">Phalanx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phineus" title="Phineus">Phineus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phoenice_(mythology)" title="Phoenice (mythology)">Phoenice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pompilus_(mythology)" title="Pompilus (mythology)">Pompilus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taygete" title="Taygete">Taygete</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theophane" title="Theophane">Theophane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiresias" title="Tiresias">Tiresias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titanis_(mythology)" title="Titanis (mythology)">Titanis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tithonus" title="Tithonus">Tithonus</a></li> <li>Tyrrhenian pirates <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aethalides_(mythology)" title="Aethalides (mythology)">Aethalides</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcimedon" title="Alcimedon">Alcimedon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dictys" title="Dictys">Dictys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epopeus" title="Epopeus">Epopeus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melas_(mythology)" title="Melas (mythology)">Melas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medon_(mythology)" title="Medon (mythology)">Medon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opheltes_(mythology)" title="Opheltes (mythology)">Opheltes</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="10" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pygmalion_(Raoux).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Pygmalion and Galatea"><img alt="Pygmalion and Galatea" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Pygmalion_%28Raoux%29.jpg/91px-Pygmalion_%28Raoux%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="91" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Pygmalion_%28Raoux%29.jpg/137px-Pygmalion_%28Raoux%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Pygmalion_%28Raoux%29.jpg/182px-Pygmalion_%28Raoux%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1436" data-file-height="1898" /></a></span><br /><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Apollo_and_Daphne_(Bernini).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Apollo and Daphne"><img alt="Apollo and Daphne" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Apollo_and_Daphne_%28Bernini%29.jpg/90px-Apollo_and_Daphne_%28Bernini%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="139" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Apollo_and_Daphne_%28Bernini%29.jpg/135px-Apollo_and_Daphne_%28Bernini%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Apollo_and_Daphne_%28Bernini%29.jpg/180px-Apollo_and_Daphne_%28Bernini%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5048" data-file-height="7800" /></a></span><br /><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Io_changed_into_a_cow,_Mercury_cuts_of_Argus%27s_head.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Io"><img alt="Io" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Io_changed_into_a_cow%2C_Mercury_cuts_of_Argus%27s_head.jpg/90px-Io_changed_into_a_cow%2C_Mercury_cuts_of_Argus%27s_head.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Io_changed_into_a_cow%2C_Mercury_cuts_of_Argus%27s_head.jpg/135px-Io_changed_into_a_cow%2C_Mercury_cuts_of_Argus%27s_head.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Io_changed_into_a_cow%2C_Mercury_cuts_of_Argus%27s_head.jpg/180px-Io_changed_into_a_cow%2C_Mercury_cuts_of_Argus%27s_head.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1913" data-file-height="2645" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cef2e0;width:1%">Base appearance</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Achilles_(son_of_Zeus)" title="Achilles (son of Zeus)">Achilles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antigone_of_Troy" class="mw-redirect" title="Antigone of Troy">Antigone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charybdis" title="Charybdis">Charybdis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lamia" title="Lamia">Lamia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medusa" title="Medusa">Medusa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midas" title="Midas">Midas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyramus_and_Thisbe" title="Pyramus and Thisbe">Mulberry fruit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phaon" title="Phaon">Phaon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scylla" title="Scylla">Scylla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siren_(mythology)" title="Siren (mythology)">Sirens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lycius_(son_of_Clinis)" title="Lycius (son of Clinis)">White raven</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cef2e0;width:1%">Humanoids</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arne_(daughter_of_Aeolus)" title="Arne (daughter of Aeolus)">Arne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calliste_(mythology)" title="Calliste (mythology)">Calliste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cymodoce_(mythology)" title="Cymodoce (mythology)">Cymodoce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arcesius" title="Arcesius">Cephalus' wife</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galatea_(mythology)" title="Galatea (mythology)">Galatea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leleges" title="Leleges">Leleges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myrmidons" title="Myrmidons">Myrmidons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nephele" title="Nephele">Nephele</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spartoi" class="mw-redirect" title="Spartoi">Spartoi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Weasel_and_Aphrodite" title="The Weasel and Aphrodite">Weasel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cef2e0;width:1%">Inanimate objects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aconteus" title="Aconteus">Aconteus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aglaurus,_daughter_of_Cecrops" title="Aglaurus, daughter of Cecrops">Aglaurus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcmene" title="Alcmene">Alcmene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anaxarete" title="Anaxarete">Anaxarete</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ariadne" title="Ariadne">Ariadne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arsino%C3%AB_of_Cyprus" class="mw-redirect" title="Arsinoë of Cyprus">Arsinoë</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aspalis" title="Aspalis">Aspalis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battus_(mythology)" title="Battus (mythology)">Battus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Britomartis" title="Britomartis">Britomartis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calydon_(son_of_Ares)" title="Calydon (son of Ares)">Calydon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cercopes" title="Cercopes">Cercopes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cragaleus" title="Cragaleus">Cragaleus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daphnis" title="Daphnis">Daphnis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iodame" title="Iodame">Iodame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laelaps_(mythology)" title="Laelaps (mythology)">Laelaps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lethaea" title="Lethaea">Lethaea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyco_and_Orphe" title="Lyco and Orphe">Lyco and Orphe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olenus" title="Olenus">Olenus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pallas_(Giant)" title="Pallas (Giant)">Pallas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pandareus" title="Pandareus">Pandareus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phineus_(son_of_Belus)" title="Phineus (son of Belus)">Phineus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polydectes" title="Polydectes">Polydectes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proetus_(son_of_Abas)" title="Proetus (son of Abas)">Proetus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propoetides" title="Propoetides">Propoetides</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyrrhus_(mythology)" title="Pyrrhus (mythology)">Pyrrhus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teumessian_fox" title="Teumessian fox">Teumessian fox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psamathe_(Nereid)" title="Psamathe (Nereid)">Wolf</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cef2e0;width:1%">Landforms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Achelous" title="Achelous">Achelous</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acheron" title="Acheron">Acheron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acis_and_Galatea" title="Acis and Galatea">Acis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aea_(mythology)" title="Aea (mythology)">Aea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alope" title="Alope">Alope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alpheus_(deity)" title="Alpheus (deity)">Alpheus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arethusa_(Boeotia)" title="Arethusa (Boeotia)">Arethusa (Boeotia)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arethusa_(mythology)" title="Arethusa (mythology)">Arethusa (Elis)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asteria" title="Asteria">Asteria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlas_(mythology)" title="Atlas (mythology)">Atlas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aura_(mythology)" title="Aura (mythology)">Aura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byblis" title="Byblis">Byblis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calliste_(mythology)" title="Calliste (mythology)">Calliste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castalia" title="Castalia">Castalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chione_(daughter_of_Callirrhoe)" title="Chione (daughter of Callirrhoe)">Chione</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cleite" title="Cleite">Cleite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comaetho_(lover_of_Cydnus)" title="Comaetho (lover of Cydnus)">Comaetho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyane" title="Cyane">Cyane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dirce" title="Dirce">Dirce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haemus" title="Haemus">Haemus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lichas" title="Lichas">Lichas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lilaeus_(mythology)" title="Lilaeus (mythology)">Lilaeus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manto_(daughter_of_Tiresias)" title="Manto (daughter of Tiresias)">Manto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marsyas" title="Marsyas">Marsyas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menippe_and_Metioche" title="Menippe and Metioche">Menippe and Metioche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niobe" title="Niobe">Niobe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perimele" title="Perimele">Perimele</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pirene_(nymph)" title="Pirene (nymph)">Pirene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyramus_and_Thisbe" title="Pyramus and Thisbe">Pyramus and Thisbe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhodope_(mythology)" title="Rhodope (mythology)">Rhodope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhodopis_and_Euthynicus" title="Rhodopis and Euthynicus">Rhodopis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sangarius_(mythology)" title="Sangarius (mythology)">Sangas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selemnus_(god)" title="Selemnus (god)">Selemnus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sybaris_(mythology)" title="Sybaris (mythology)">Sybaris</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cef2e0;width:1%">Opposite sex</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caeneus" title="Caeneus">Caeneus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermaphroditus" title="Hermaphroditus">Hermaphroditus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iphis" title="Iphis">Iphis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leucippus_of_Crete" title="Leucippus of Crete">Leucippus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salmacis" title="Salmacis">Salmacis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siproites" title="Siproites">Siproites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sithon_(mythology)" title="Sithon (mythology)">Sithon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiresias" title="Tiresias">Tiresias</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cef2e0;width:1%">Plants</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adonis" title="Adonis">Adonis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agdistis" title="Agdistis">Agdistis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ajax_the_Great" title="Ajax the Great">Ajax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amaracus" title="Amaracus">Amaracus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambrosia_(Hyades)" title="Ambrosia (Hyades)">Ambrosia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ampelos" title="Ampelos">Ampelus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anethus" title="Anethus">Anethus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attis" title="Attis">Attis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baucis_and_Philemon" title="Baucis and Philemon">Baucis and Philemon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karpos" title="Karpos">Carpus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carya_of_Laconia" title="Carya of Laconia">Carya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cissus_(mythology)" title="Cissus (mythology)">Cissus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clytie_(Oceanid)" title="Clytie (Oceanid)">Clytie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crocus_(mythology)" title="Crocus (mythology)">Crocus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyparissus" title="Cyparissus">Cyparissus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daphne" title="Daphne">Daphne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diopatra_(mythology)" title="Diopatra (mythology)">Diopatra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dryope_(daughter_of_Dryops)" title="Dryope (daughter of Dryops)">Dryope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elaea_(mythology)" title="Elaea (mythology)">Elaea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elate_(mythology)" title="Elate (mythology)">Elate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eteocles_of_Orchomenus" class="mw-redirect" title="Eteocles of Orchomenus">Eteocleides</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heliades" title="Heliades">Heliades</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aegle_(mythology)" title="Aegle (mythology)">Aegle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dioxippe" title="Dioxippe">Dioxippe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lampetia" title="Lampetia">Lampetia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merope_(Greek_myth)" class="mw-redirect" title="Merope (Greek myth)">Merope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phaethusa" title="Phaethusa">Phaethusa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phoebe_(mythology)" title="Phoebe (mythology)">Phoebe</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hesperides" title="Hesperides">Hesperides</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aegle_(mythology)" title="Aegle (mythology)">Aegle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erytheia_(mythology)" title="Erytheia (mythology)">Erytheia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyacinth_(mythology)" title="Hyacinth (mythology)">Hyacinthus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalamos" title="Kalamos">Kalamos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leuce_(mythology)" title="Leuce (mythology)">Leuce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leucothoe_(daughter_of_Orchamus)" title="Leucothoe (daughter of Orchamus)">Leucothoe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libanus_(mythology)" title="Libanus (mythology)">Libanus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lotis_(mythology)" title="Lotis (mythology)">Lotis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lycurgus_of_Thrace" class="mw-redirect" title="Lycurgus of Thrace">Lycurgus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mecon_(mythology)" title="Mecon (mythology)">Mecon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melos_of_Delos" class="mw-redirect" title="Melos of Delos">Melos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messapian_shepherds" title="Messapian shepherds">Messapians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milk_of_Hera" title="Milk of Hera">Milk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minthe" title="Minthe">Minthe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myrice_(mythology)" title="Myrice (mythology)">Myrice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myrina_(priestess)" title="Myrina (priestess)">Myrina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myrsine_(mythology)" title="Myrsine (mythology)">Myrsine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narcissus_(mythology)" title="Narcissus (mythology)">Narcissus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oechalides" title="Oechalides">Oechalides</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philyra_(Oceanid)" title="Philyra (Oceanid)">Philyra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phyllis_(mythology)" title="Phyllis (mythology)">Phyllis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Picolous" title="Picolous">Picolous</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pitys_(mythology)" title="Pitys (mythology)">Pitys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Platanus_(mythology)" title="Platanus (mythology)">Platanus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalacantha" title="Psalacantha">Psalacantha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cerberus" title="Cerberus">Saliva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Side_(daughter_of_Ictinus)" title="Side (daughter of Ictinus)">Side</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smilax_(mythology)" title="Smilax (mythology)">Smilax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myrrha" title="Myrrha">Smyrna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amphiaraus" title="Amphiaraus">Spear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syceus" title="Syceus">Syceus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrinx" title="Syrinx">Syrinx</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cef2e0;width:1%">Voluntary</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greek_gods" class="mw-redirect" title="Greek gods">Greek gods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kobalos" title="Kobalos">Kobalos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mestra" title="Mestra">Mestra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Periclymenus" title="Periclymenus">Periclymenus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cef2e0;width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cumaean_Sibyl" title="Cumaean Sibyl">Cumaean Sibyl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Echo_(mythology)" title="Echo (mythology)">Echo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyades_(mythology)" title="Hyades (mythology)">Hyades</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hylas" title="Hylas">Hylas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milk_of_Hera" title="Milk of Hera">Milk of Hera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pleiades_(Greek_mythology)" title="Pleiades (Greek mythology)">Pleiades</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cef2e0;width:1%">False myths</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acantha" title="Acantha">Acantha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amethyste" title="Amethyste">Amethyste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orchis_(mythology)" title="Orchis (mythology)">Orchis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhodanthe_(mythology)" title="Rhodanthe (mythology)">Rhodanthe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="background:#cef2e0"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Metamorphoses" title="Metamorphoses">Metamorphoses</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q506781#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1590" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q506781#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1590" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q506781#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/315182907">VIAF</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/316443908">2</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/62151776816018012309">3</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1015880/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PCjFvqVXmFdPG8jP7HCDqry">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/1123048533">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh2002007534">United States</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/no2015031900">2</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb15054493s">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb15054493s">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810599117205606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007400229705171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/1123048533">DDB</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/229086306">IdRef</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Memnon&oldid=1262828893">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Memnon&oldid=1262828893</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Achilles" title="Category:Achilles">Achilles</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Characters_in_the_Odyssey" title="Category:Characters in the Odyssey">Characters in the 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