CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Liu Huaqing - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"478b04e7-ad90-4abb-9408-aca565c0ceeb","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Liu_Huaqing","wgTitle":"Liu Huaqing","wgCurRevisionId":1246934905,"wgRevisionId":1246934905,"wgArticleId":192433,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Articles containing Chinese-language text","CS1 uses Chinese-language script (zh)","CS1 Chinese-language sources (zh)","Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","Use dmy dates from August 2021","Articles containing simplified Chinese-language text","Articles with Chinese-language sources (zh)","1916 births","2011 deaths","Commanders of the People's Liberation Army Navy","Chinese military writers","Chinese military personnel of World War II", "20th-century Chinese writers","N. G. Kuznetsov Naval Academy alumni","People from Xiaogan","Writers from Hubei","Members of the 14th Politburo Standing Committee of the Chinese Communist Party","Military theorists","Members of the 12th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party","Delegates to the 7th National People's Congress","Delegates to the 8th National People's Congress"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Liu_Huaqing","wgRelevantArticleId":192433,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search": true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":10000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q602876","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready", "jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bb/%E5%88%98%E4%BA%8E1955.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1625"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bb/%E5%88%98%E4%BA%8E1955.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1084"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="867"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Liu Huaqing - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liu_Huaqing"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Liu_Huaqing&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liu_Huaqing"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Liu_Huaqing rootpage-Liu_Huaqing skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Liu+Huaqing" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Liu+Huaqing" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Liu+Huaqing" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Liu+Huaqing" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Biography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Biography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Biography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Biography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Liu Huaqing</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 11 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-11" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">11 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liou_Chua-%C4%8Dching" title="Liou Chua-čching – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Liou Chua-čching" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liu_Huaqing" title="Liu Huaqing – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Liu Huaqing" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liu_Huaqing" title="Liu Huaqing – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Liu Huaqing" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A5%98%ED%99%94%EC%B9%AD" title="류화칭 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="류화칭" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%88_%D9%87%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%AC" title="ليو هواكينج – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ليو هواكينج" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8A%89%E8%8F%AF%E6%B8%85" title="劉華清 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="劉華清" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liu_Huaqing" title="Liu Huaqing – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Liu Huaqing" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liu_Huaqing" title="Liu Huaqing – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Liu Huaqing" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%8E_%D0%A5%D1%83%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Лю Хуацин – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Лю Хуацин" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C6%B0u_Hoa_Thanh" title="Lưu Hoa Thanh – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Lưu Hoa Thanh" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%88%98%E5%8D%8E%E6%B8%85" title="刘华清 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="刘华清" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q602876#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Liu_Huaqing" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Liu_Huaqing" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Liu_Huaqing"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liu_Huaqing&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liu_Huaqing&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Liu_Huaqing"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liu_Huaqing&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liu_Huaqing&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Liu_Huaqing" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Liu_Huaqing" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liu_Huaqing&oldid=1246934905" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liu_Huaqing&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Liu_Huaqing&id=1246934905&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FLiu_Huaqing"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FLiu_Huaqing"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Liu_Huaqing&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liu_Huaqing&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Liu_Huaqing" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q602876" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Chinese admiral (1916–2011)</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">In this <a href="/wiki/Chinese_name" title="Chinese name">Chinese name</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_surname" title="Chinese surname">family name</a> is <i> <a href="/wiki/Liu" title="Liu">Liu</a></i>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="honorific-prefix" style="font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Jiang_(rank)" title="Jiang (rank)">General</a></div><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">Liu Huaqing</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-size:125%; font-weight:bold;"><div class="nickname" lang="zh"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold">刘华清</span></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:%E5%88%98%E4%BA%8E1955.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/%E5%88%98%E4%BA%8E1955.jpg/220px-%E5%88%98%E4%BA%8E1955.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="298" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/%E5%88%98%E4%BA%8E1955.jpg/330px-%E5%88%98%E4%BA%8E1955.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/%E5%88%98%E4%BA%8E1955.jpg/440px-%E5%88%98%E4%BA%8E1955.jpg 2x" data-file-width="443" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Vice_Chairman_of_the_Central_Military_Commission" title="Vice Chairman of the Central Military Commission">Vice Chairman of the Central Military Commission</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br /><b>State Commission</b>:<br />28 March 1993 – 5 March 1998<br /><b>Party Commission</b>:<br />November 1989 – 18 September 1997<div style="line-height:normal; padding-top:0.2em; padding-bottom:0.1em">Serving with <a href="/wiki/Yang_Shangkun" title="Yang Shangkun">Yang Shangkun</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zhang_Zhen_(general)" title="Zhang Zhen (general)">Zhang Zhen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chi_Haotian" title="Chi Haotian">Chi Haotian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Zhang_Wannian" title="Zhang Wannian">Zhang Wannian</a></div></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Chairman_of_the_Central_Military_Commission_(China)" title="Chairman of the Central Military Commission (China)">Chairman</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Jiang_Zemin" title="Jiang Zemin">Jiang Zemin</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Commander_of_the_People%27s_Liberation_Army_Navy" title="Commander of the People's Liberation Army Navy">Commander of the People's Liberation Army Navy</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />August 1982 – January 1988</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ye_Fei" title="Ye Fei">Ye Fei</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Zhang_Lianzhong" title="Zhang Lianzhong">Zhang Lianzhong</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1916-10-01</span>)</span>1 October 1916<br /><a href="/wiki/Huang%27an_County" class="mw-redirect" title="Huang'an County">Huang'an County</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hubei" title="Hubei">Hubei</a>, China</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">14 January 2011<span style="display:none">(2011-01-14)</span> (aged 94)<br /><a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a>, China</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Chinese Communist Party">Chinese Communist Party</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Liu_Zhuoming" title="Liu Zhuoming">Liu Zhuoming</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Liu_Chaoying" title="Liu Chaoying">Liu Chaoying</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Alma_mater" title="Alma mater">Alma mater</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Kuznetsov_Naval_Academy" title="Kuznetsov Naval Academy">Kuznetsov Naval Academy</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Military service</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Allegiance</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/China" title="China">People's Republic of China</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Branch/service</th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%B7%A5%E8%BE%B2%E7%B4%85%E8%BB%8D%E8%BB%8D%E6%97%97.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%B7%A5%E8%BE%B2%E7%B4%85%E8%BB%8D%E8%BB%8D%E6%97%97.svg/25px-%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%B7%A5%E8%BE%B2%E7%B4%85%E8%BB%8D%E8%BB%8D%E6%97%97.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%B7%A5%E8%BE%B2%E7%B4%85%E8%BB%8D%E8%BB%8D%E6%97%97.svg/38px-%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%B7%A5%E8%BE%B2%E7%B4%85%E8%BB%8D%E8%BB%8D%E6%97%97.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%B7%A5%E8%BE%B2%E7%B4%85%E8%BB%8D%E8%BB%8D%E6%97%97.svg/50px-%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%B7%A5%E8%BE%B2%E7%B4%85%E8%BB%8D%E8%BB%8D%E6%97%97.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="350" data-file-height="229" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Workers%27_and_Peasants%27_Red_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army">Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_China_(1912%E2%80%931949)" title="Republic of China (1912–1949)"><img alt="Republic of China (1912–1949)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China_Army.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China_Army.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China_Army.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China_Army.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China_Army.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China_Army.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Eighth_Route_Army" title="Eighth Route Army">Eighth Route Army</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Ground_Force_Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/21px-Ground_Force_Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Ground_Force_Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/33px-Ground_Force_Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Ground_Force_Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/43px-Ground_Force_Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Liberation_Army_Ground_Force" title="People's Liberation Army Ground Force">People's Liberation Army Ground Force</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Naval_Ensign_of_China.svg/23px-Naval_Ensign_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Naval_Ensign_of_China.svg/35px-Naval_Ensign_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Naval_Ensign_of_China.svg/46px-Naval_Ensign_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Liberation_Army_Navy" title="People's Liberation Army Navy">People's Liberation Army Navy</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Years of service</th><td class="infobox-data">1930–1998</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:PLAGeneral_r.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/PLAGeneral_r.png/50px-PLAGeneral_r.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/PLAGeneral_r.png/75px-PLAGeneral_r.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/PLAGeneral_r.png/100px-PLAGeneral_r.png 2x" data-file-width="239" data-file-height="88" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/General" class="mw-redirect" title="General">General</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Awards</th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Order_of_Bayi_2nd_Class.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Order_of_Bayi_2nd_Class.svg/50px-Order_of_Bayi_2nd_Class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Order_of_Bayi_2nd_Class.svg/75px-Order_of_Bayi_2nd_Class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Order_of_Bayi_2nd_Class.svg/100px-Order_of_Bayi_2nd_Class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="830" data-file-height="279" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/August_1_Medal_(1955)" title="August 1 Medal (1955)">August 1 Medal</a> (2nd Class)<br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Order_of_Independence_and_Freedom_2nd_Class.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Order_of_Independence_and_Freedom_2nd_Class.svg/50px-Order_of_Independence_and_Freedom_2nd_Class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Order_of_Independence_and_Freedom_2nd_Class.svg/75px-Order_of_Independence_and_Freedom_2nd_Class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Order_of_Independence_and_Freedom_2nd_Class.svg/100px-Order_of_Independence_and_Freedom_2nd_Class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="830" data-file-height="279" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Independence_and_Freedom" title="Order of Independence and Freedom">Order of Independence and Freedom</a> (2nd Class)<br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Order_of_Liberation_1st_Class.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Order_of_Liberation_1st_Class.svg/50px-Order_of_Liberation_1st_Class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Order_of_Liberation_1st_Class.svg/75px-Order_of_Liberation_1st_Class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Order_of_Liberation_1st_Class.svg/100px-Order_of_Liberation_1st_Class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="830" data-file-height="279" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Liberation_(China)" title="Order of Liberation (China)">Order of Liberation</a> (1st Class)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr style="display:none;"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #b0c4de;">Chinese name</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">Simplified Chinese</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans" style="font-size: 1rem;"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%88%98" class="extiw" title="wikt:刘">刘</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%8D%8E" class="extiw" title="wikt:华">华</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%B8%85" class="extiw" title="wikt:清">清</a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">Traditional Chinese</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant" style="font-size: 1rem;"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%8A%89" class="extiw" title="wikt:劉">劉</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E8%8F%AF" class="extiw" title="wikt:華">華</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%B8%85" class="extiw" title="wikt:清">清</a></span></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox-subbox mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="display:inline-table; text-align: left;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%; text-align: left;color: #202122; background-color: #f9ffbc;">Transcriptions</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Standard_Chinese" title="Standard Chinese">Standard Mandarin</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Hanyu_Pinyin" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanyu Pinyin">Hanyu Pinyin</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">Liú Huáqīng</span></span></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Liu Huaqing</b> (<a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh-Hans">刘华清</span>; 1 October 1916 – 14 January 2011)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was a Chinese <a href="/wiki/Revolutionary" title="Revolutionary">revolutionary</a> and an <a href="/wiki/Admiral" title="Admiral">admiral</a> of the <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Liberation_Army_Navy" title="People's Liberation Army Navy">People's Liberation Army Navy</a>, who served as the third <a href="/wiki/Commander_of_the_People%27s_Liberation_Army_Navy" title="Commander of the People's Liberation Army Navy">Commander-in-Chief of the Navy</a> from 1982 through 1988. He is considered to have greatly contributed to the <a href="/wiki/Modernization_of_the_People%27s_Liberation_Army" title="Modernization of the People's Liberation Army">modernization of the Chinese Navy</a>, and is hailed as the "father of the modern Chinese Navy" and "father of Chinese aircraft carriers". </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biography">Biography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liu_Huaqing&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Biography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Taking over the role of Navy Commander-in-Chief from his predecessor <a href="/wiki/Ye_Fei" title="Ye Fei">Ye Fei</a> (who retired due to health problems), Liu had outlined a three-step process by which China would have a navy of global reach by the second half of the 21st century. In step one, from 2000 to 2010, China would develop a naval force that could operate up to the <a href="/wiki/First_island_chain" title="First island chain">first island chain</a>. In step two, from 2010 to 2020, China's navy would become a regional force capable of projecting force to the <a href="/wiki/Second_island_chain" class="mw-redirect" title="Second island chain">second island chain</a>. In step three, to be achieved by 2040, China would possess a <a href="/wiki/Blue-water_navy" title="Blue-water navy">blue-water navy</a> centered around <a href="/wiki/Aircraft_carrier" title="Aircraft carrier">aircraft carriers</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was a strong advocate of the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_aircraft_carrier_programme" title="Chinese aircraft carrier programme">Chinese aircraft carrier programme</a>. </p><p>Liu encouraged technological innovation within China that would increase naval capabilities, but he also advocated large foreign purchases. During the 1960s and 1970s, Liu was responsible for naval research and development before heading national military research.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was also the top commander of the <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Liberation_Army_at_Tiananmen_Square_protests_of_1989" class="mw-redirect" title="People's Liberation Army at Tiananmen Square protests of 1989">troops enforcing martial law</a> to suppress the <a href="/wiki/Tiananmen_Square_protests_of_1989" class="mw-redirect" title="Tiananmen Square protests of 1989">Tiananmen Square protests</a> on 3–4 June 1989.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1990, Liu became the Vice Chairman of the <a href="/wiki/Central_Military_Commission_(China)" title="Central Military Commission (China)">Central Military Commission</a> (CMC).<sup id="cite_ref-:Li_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:Li-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 261">: 261 </span></sup> </p><p>In 1992, Liu became a member of the <a href="/wiki/Politburo_Standing_Committee" class="mw-redirect" title="Politburo Standing Committee">Politburo Standing Committee</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:Li_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:Li-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 261">: 261 </span></sup> He was the last Standing Committee member of an active military personnel. Since he left the Standing Committee in 1997, no other military leader has sat on the committee. Liu officially retired after stepping down as Vice Chairman of the CMC in March 1998. </p><p>Liu remained active through the mid-1990s and appeared in uniform at 2007 commemorations of the 80th anniversary of the founding of the <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Liberation_Army" title="People's Liberation Army">People's Liberation Army</a> in Beijing. He also appeared in <a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a> during the <a href="/wiki/60th_anniversary_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="60th anniversary of the People's Republic of China">60th anniversary of the People's Republic of China</a> on October 1, 2009. </p><p>Liu died on 14 January 2011 in Beijing.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His son <a href="/wiki/Liu_Zhuoming" title="Liu Zhuoming">Liu Zhuoming</a> is a <a href="/wiki/Vice_admiral" title="Vice admiral">vice admiral</a> of the PLA Navy.<sup id="cite_ref-dtic_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dtic-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His daughter <a href="/wiki/Liu_Chaoying" title="Liu Chaoying">Liu Chaoying</a>, a former lieutenant colonel in the PLA, was a major figure in the <a href="/wiki/1996_United_States_campaign_finance_controversy" title="1996 United States campaign finance controversy">1996 United States campaign finance controversy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liu_Huaqing&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110223190829/http://politics.people.com.cn/GB/1026/13806314.html">"人民网--404页面"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://politics.people.com.cn/GB/1026/13806314.html">the original</a> on 23 February 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 May</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E7%BD%91--404%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpolitics.people.com.cn%2FGB%2F1026%2F13806314.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiu+Huaqing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDooley2012" class="citation journal cs1">Dooley, Howard J. (Spring–Summer 2012). "The Great Leap Outward: China's Maritime Renaissance". <i>The Journal of East Asian Affairs</i>. <b>26</b> (1). Institute for National Security Strategy: 71. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/23257908">23257908</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+East+Asian+Affairs&rft.atitle=The+Great+Leap+Outward%3A+China%27s+Maritime+Renaissance&rft.chron=spring%E2%80%93summer&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=71&rft.date=2012&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F23257908%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Dooley&rft.aufirst=Howard+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiu+Huaqing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWinterford1993" class="citation journal cs1">Winterford, David (Winter 1993). "Chinese Naval Planning and Maritime Interests in the South China Sea: Implications for U.S. and Regional Security Policies". <i>The Journal of American-East Asian Relations</i>. <b>2</b> (4). <a href="/wiki/Brill_Publishers" title="Brill Publishers">Brill Publishers</a>: 377. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1163%2F187656193X00121">10.1163/187656193X00121</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1058-3947">1058-3947</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/23613016">23613016</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+American-East+Asian+Relations&rft.atitle=Chinese+Naval+Planning+and+Maritime+Interests+in+the+South+China+Sea%3A+Implications+for+U.S.+and+Regional+Security+Policies&rft.ssn=winter&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=377&rft.date=1993&rft.issn=1058-3947&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F23613016%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1163%2F187656193X00121&rft.aulast=Winterford&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiu+Huaqing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWu_Renhua_(吴仁华Category:Articles_containing_Chinese-language_text)2009" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Wu Renhua (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">吴仁华</span></span>) (2009). <bdi lang="zh">六四事件中的戒严部队</bdi> [<i>The Martial Law Force in the Tiananmen Square protests of 1989</i>] (in Chinese). Hong Kong: Truth Publishing House.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%E5%85%AD%E5%9B%9B%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E6%88%92%E4%B8%A5%E9%83%A8%E9%98%9F&rft.place=Hong+Kong&rft.pub=Truth+Publishing+House&rft.date=2009&rft.au=Wu+Renhua+%28%3Cspan+title%3D%22Chinese-language+text%22%3E%3Cspan+lang%3D%22zh%22%3E%E5%90%B4%E4%BB%81%E5%8D%8E%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3AArticles+containing+Chinese-language+text%29&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiu+Huaqing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:Li-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:Li_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:Li_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLi2024" class="citation book cs1">Li, Xiaobing (2024). "Beijing's Military Power and East Asian-Pacific Hot Spots". In Fang, Qiang; Li, Xiaobing (eds.). <i>China under Xi Jinping: A New Assessment</i>. <a href="/wiki/Leiden_University_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="Leiden University Press">Leiden University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789087284411" title="Special:BookSources/9789087284411"><bdi>9789087284411</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Beijing%27s+Military+Power+and+East+Asian-Pacific+Hot+Spots&rft.btitle=China+under+Xi+Jinping%3A+A+New+Assessment&rft.pub=Leiden+University+Press&rft.date=2024&rft.isbn=9789087284411&rft.aulast=Li&rft.aufirst=Xiaobing&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiu+Huaqing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://english.peopledaily.com.cn/90001/90776/90882/7261629.html">"China's former military leader passes away"</a>. <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Daily_Online" class="mw-redirect" title="People's Daily Online">People's Daily Online</a>. 14 January 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 January</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=China%27s+former+military+leader+passes+away&rft.pub=People%27s+Daily+Online&rft.date=2011-01-14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fenglish.peopledaily.com.cn%2F90001%2F90776%2F90882%2F7261629.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiu+Huaqing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-dtic-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-dtic_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBecker,_JeffreyLiebenberg,_DavidMackenzie,_Peter2013" class="citation web cs1">Becker, Jeffrey; Liebenberg, David; Mackenzie, Peter (December 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151120203226/http://www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA591531">"Behind the Periscope: Leadership in China's Navy"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Defense_Technical_Information_Center" title="Defense Technical Information Center">Defense Technical Information Center</a>. p. 176. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA591531">the original</a> on 20 November 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Behind+the+Periscope%3A+Leadership+in+China%27s+Navy&rft.pages=176&rft.pub=Defense+Technical+Information+Center&rft.date=2013-12&rft.au=Becker%2C+Jeffrey&rft.au=Liebenberg%2C+David&rft.au=Mackenzie%2C+Peter&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dtic.mil%2Fdocs%2Fcitations%2FADA591531&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALiu+Huaqing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/politics/special/campfin/stories/liu052498.htm">Liu's Deals With Chung: An Intercontinental Puzzle</a> <i>Washington Post</i>, 24 May 1998. Retrieved 10 November 2020.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liu_Huaqing&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="languageicon">(in Chinese)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.china.com.cn/chinese/zhuanti/208110.htm">Biography of Liu Huaqing</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090702161409/http://www.ndu.edu/inss/China_Center/CMA_Conf_Oct00/paper14.htm"><i>Ruminations about how little we know about the PLA Navy</i></a>. Conference on Chinese Military Affairs, 10 October 2000</li></ul> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #CF9C65;">Military offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Ye_Fei" title="Ye Fei">Ye Fei</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Commander_of_the_People%27s_Liberation_Army_Navy" title="Commander of the People's Liberation Army Navy">Commander of the People's Liberation Army Navy</a> </b><br />1982–1988 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Zhang_Lianzhong" title="Zhang Lianzhong">Zhang Lianzhong</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #cfc;">Order of precedence </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Zhu_Rongji" title="Zhu Rongji">Zhu Rongji</a> (5th)</div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Politburo_Standing_Committee_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Politburo Standing Committee of the Chinese Communist Party">Politburo Standing Committee of the Chinese Communist Party</a> (6th) </b><br />1992–1997 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Hu_Jintao" title="Hu Jintao">Hu Jintao</a> (7th)</div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="14th_Politburo_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party_(1992–1997)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:14th_Politburo_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Template:14th Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:14th_Politburo_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Template talk:14th Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:14th_Politburo_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Special:EditPage/Template:14th Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="14th_Politburo_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party_(1992–1997)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/14th_Politburo_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="14th Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party">14th Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party</a> (1992–1997)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/14th_Politburo_Standing_Committee_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="14th Politburo Standing Committee of the Chinese Communist Party">Standing Committee</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Jiang_Zemin" title="Jiang Zemin">Jiang Zemin</a> (<a href="/wiki/General_Secretary_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party">General Secretary</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Li_Peng" title="Li Peng">Li Peng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qiao_Shi" title="Qiao Shi">Qiao Shi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Li_Ruihuan" title="Li Ruihuan">Li Ruihuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhu_Rongji" title="Zhu Rongji">Zhu Rongji</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Liu Huaqing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hu_Jintao" title="Hu Jintao">Hu Jintao</a></li></ol> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other members<br /><small><i>in <a href="/wiki/Surname_stroke_order" title="Surname stroke order">surname stroke order</a></i></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ding_Guangen" title="Ding Guangen">Ding Guangen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tian_Jiyun" title="Tian Jiyun">Tian Jiyun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Li_Lanqing" title="Li Lanqing">Li Lanqing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Li_Tieying" title="Li Tieying">Li Tieying</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yang_Baibing" title="Yang Baibing">Yang Baibing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wu_Bangguo" title="Wu Bangguo">Wu Bangguo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zou_Jiahua" title="Zou Jiahua">Zou Jiahua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chen_Xitong" title="Chen Xitong">Chen Xitong</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(expelled 1995)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiang_Chunyun" title="Jiang Chunyun">Jiang Chunyun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qian_Qichen" title="Qian Qichen">Qian Qichen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wei_Jianxing" title="Wei Jianxing">Wei Jianxing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xie_Fei_(politician)" title="Xie Fei (politician)">Xie Fei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tan_Shaowen" title="Tan Shaowen">Tan Shaowen</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(died 1993)</span> → <a href="/wiki/Huang_Ju" title="Huang Ju">Huang Ju</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(added 1994)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Alternate members</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Wen_Jiabao" title="Wen Jiabao">Wen Jiabao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wang_Hanbin" title="Wang Hanbin">Wang Hanbin</a></li></ol> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Template:7th_Politburo_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Template:7th Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party">7th</a>→<a href="/wiki/Template:8th_Politburo_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Template:8th Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party">8th</a>→<a href="/wiki/Template:9th_Politburo_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Template:9th Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party">9th</a>→<a href="/wiki/Template:10th_Politburo_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Template:10th Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party">10th</a>→<a href="/wiki/Template:11th_Politburo_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Template:11th Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party">11th</a>→<a href="/wiki/Template:12th_Politburo_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Template:12th Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party">12th</a>→<a href="/wiki/Template:13th_Politburo_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Template:13th Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party">13th</a>→<a href="/wiki/Template:14th_Politburo_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Template:14th Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party">14th</a>→<a href="/wiki/Template:15th_Politburo_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Template:15th Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party">15th</a>→<a href="/wiki/Template:16th_Politburo_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Template:16th Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party">16th</a>→<a href="/wiki/Template:17th_Politburo_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Template:17th Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party">17th</a>→<a href="/wiki/Template:18th_Politburo_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Template:18th Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party">18th</a>→<a href="/wiki/Template:19th_Politburo_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Template:19th Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party">19th</a>→<a href="/wiki/Template:20th_Politburo_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Template:20th Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party">20th</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Officers_of_the_Chinese_People&#039;s_Liberation_Army_Navy" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Commanders_of_the_People%27s_Liberation_Army_Navy" title="Template:Commanders of the People's Liberation Army Navy"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Commanders_of_the_People%27s_Liberation_Army_Navy" title="Template talk:Commanders of the People's Liberation Army Navy"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Commanders_of_the_People%27s_Liberation_Army_Navy" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Commanders of the People's Liberation Army Navy"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Officers_of_the_Chinese_People&#039;s_Liberation_Army_Navy" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Officers of the Chinese <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Liberation_Army_Navy" title="People's Liberation Army Navy">People's Liberation Army Navy</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Commander_of_the_People%27s_Liberation_Army_Navy" title="Commander of the People's Liberation Army Navy">Commanders</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Xiao_Jinguang" title="Xiao Jinguang">Xiao Jinguang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ye_Fei" title="Ye Fei">Ye Fei</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Liu Huaqing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhang_Lianzhong" title="Zhang Lianzhong">Zhang Lianzhong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shi_Yunsheng" title="Shi Yunsheng">Shi Yunsheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhang_Dingfa" title="Zhang Dingfa">Zhang Dingfa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wu_Shengli" title="Wu Shengli">Wu Shengli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shen_Jinlong" title="Shen Jinlong">Shen Jinlong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dong_Jun" title="Dong Jun">Dong Jun</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Naval_Ensign_of_China.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Naval_Ensign_of_China.svg/81px-Naval_Ensign_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="81" height="65" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Naval_Ensign_of_China.svg/122px-Naval_Ensign_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Naval_Ensign_of_China.svg/162px-Naval_Ensign_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Political_Commissar_of_the_People%27s_Liberation_Army_Navy" title="Political Commissar of the People's Liberation Army Navy">Political Commissars</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Su_Zhenhua" title="Su Zhenhua">Su Zhenhua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Li_Zuopeng" title="Li Zuopeng">Li Zuopeng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Su_Zhenhua" title="Su Zhenhua">Su Zhenhua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ye_Fei" title="Ye Fei">Ye Fei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Li_Yaowen" title="Li Yaowen">Li Yaowen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wei_Jinshan" title="Wei Jinshan">Wei Jinshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhou_Kunren" title="Zhou Kunren">Zhou Kunren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yang_Huaiqing" title="Yang Huaiqing">Yang Huaiqing</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hu_Yanlin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hu Yanlin (page does not exist)">Hu Yanlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liu_Xiaojiang" title="Liu Xiaojiang">Liu Xiaojiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miao_Hua" title="Miao Hua">Miao Hua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qin_Shengxiang" title="Qin Shengxiang">Qin Shengxiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liu_Qingsong" title="Liu Qingsong">Liu Qingsong</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Chief_of_Staff_of_the_People%27s_Liberation_Army_Navy" title="Chief of Staff of the People's Liberation Army Navy">Chiefs of Staff</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luo_Shunchu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Luo Shunchu (page does not exist)">Luo Shunchu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhou_Xihan" title="Zhou Xihan">Zhou Xihan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zhang_Xuesi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zhang Xuesi (page does not exist)">Zhang Xuesi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ma_Guansan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ma Guansan (page does not exist)">Ma Guansan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pan_Yan_(general)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pan Yan (general) (page does not exist)">Pan Yan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yang_Guoyu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yang Guoyu (page does not exist)">Yang Guoyu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ma_Xinchun" title="Ma Xinchun">Ma Xinchun</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=An_Liqun&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="An Liqun (page does not exist)">An Liqun</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zhang_Xusan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zhang Xusan (page does not exist)">Zhang Xusan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zhao_Guochen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zhao Guochen (page does not exist)">Zhao Guochen</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=He_Linzhong&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="He Linzhong (page does not exist)">He Linzhong</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yao_Xingyuan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yao Xingyuan (page does not exist)">Yao Xingyuan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wang_Yucheng_(admiral)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wang Yucheng (admiral) (page does not exist)">Wang Yucheng</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zhao_Xingfa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zhao Xingfa (page does not exist)">Zhao Xingfa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sun_Jianguo" title="Sun Jianguo">Sun Jianguo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ding_Yiping" title="Ding Yiping">Ding Yiping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Su_Shiliang" title="Su Shiliang">Su Shiliang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Du_Jingchen" title="Du Jingchen">Du Jingchen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qiu_Yanpeng" title="Qiu Yanpeng">Qiu Yanpeng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhang_Wendan" title="Zhang Wendan">Zhang Wendan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q602876#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q602876#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q602876#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000081886923">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/119681809">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1761539/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJjCQYfDMp734XyYcgmWXd">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/1052215661">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n2005090532">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb150444718">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb150444718">BnF data</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Liu_Huaqing&oldid=1246934905">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Liu_Huaqing&oldid=1246934905</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1916_births" title="Category:1916 births">1916 births</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:2011_deaths" title="Category:2011 deaths">2011 deaths</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commanders_of_the_People%27s_Liberation_Army_Navy" title="Category:Commanders of the People's Liberation Army Navy">Commanders of the People's Liberation Army Navy</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Chinese_military_writers" title="Category:Chinese military writers">Chinese military writers</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Chinese_military_personnel_of_World_War_II" title="Category:Chinese military personnel of World War II">Chinese military personnel of World War II</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:20th-century_Chinese_writers" title="Category:20th-century Chinese writers">20th-century Chinese writers</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:N._G._Kuznetsov_Naval_Academy_alumni" title="Category:N. G. Kuznetsov Naval Academy alumni">N. G. Kuznetsov Naval Academy alumni</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:People_from_Xiaogan" title="Category:People from Xiaogan">People from Xiaogan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Writers_from_Hubei" title="Category:Writers from Hubei">Writers from Hubei</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Members_of_the_14th_Politburo_Standing_Committee_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Category:Members of the 14th Politburo Standing Committee of the Chinese Communist Party">Members of the 14th Politburo Standing Committee of the Chinese Communist Party</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Military_theorists" title="Category:Military theorists">Military theorists</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Members_of_the_12th_Central_Committee_of_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Category:Members of the 12th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party">Members of the 12th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Delegates_to_the_7th_National_People%27s_Congress" title="Category:Delegates to the 7th National People's Congress">Delegates to the 7th National People's Congress</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Delegates_to_the_8th_National_People%27s_Congress" title="Category:Delegates to the 8th National People's Congress">Delegates to the 8th National People's Congress</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Chinese-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Chinese-language text">Articles containing Chinese-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_uses_Chinese-language_script_(zh)" title="Category:CS1 uses Chinese-language script (zh)">CS1 uses Chinese-language script (zh)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_Chinese-language_sources_(zh)" title="Category:CS1 Chinese-language sources (zh)">CS1 Chinese-language sources (zh)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_August_2021" title="Category:Use dmy dates from August 2021">Use dmy dates from August 2021</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_simplified_Chinese-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing simplified Chinese-language text">Articles containing simplified Chinese-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_Chinese-language_sources_(zh)" title="Category:Articles with Chinese-language sources (zh)">Articles with Chinese-language sources (zh)</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 21 September 2024, at 22:43<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Liu_Huaqing&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-csdqc","wgBackendResponseTime":170,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.853","walltime":"1.157","ppvisitednodes":{"value":11277,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":81317,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":11102,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":18,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":3,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":57910,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 955.097 1 -total"," 48.61% 464.282 1 Template:Infobox_officeholder"," 16.48% 157.400 1 Template:Infobox_Chinese"," 14.75% 140.885 1 Template:Reflist"," 10.63% 101.504 17 Template:Infobox_officeholder/office"," 9.73% 92.912 3 Template:Cite_web"," 9.37% 89.483 1 Template:14th_Politburo_of_the_Communist_Party_of_China"," 9.08% 86.681 2 Template:Navbox"," 8.02% 76.607 1 Template:Short_description"," 6.13% 58.546 1 Template:Country2nationality"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.502","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":15248738,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-rpq2w","timestamp":"20241122145233","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Liu Huaqing","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Liu_Huaqing","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q602876","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q602876","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2003-03-06T07:35:27Z","dateModified":"2024-09-21T22:43:50Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/b\/bb\/%E5%88%98%E4%BA%8E1955.jpg","headline":"Chinese admiral (1916-2011)"}</script> </body> </html>