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hreflang="fa" data-title="قهرمان (فیلم ۱۹۸۷)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nayagan" title="Nayagan – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Nayagan" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nayakan" title="Nayakan – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Nayakan" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%A8" title="नायगन – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="नायगन" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nayakan_(film_1987)" title="Nayakan (film 1987) – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Nayakan (film 1987)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%BB_(%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B4%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%9A%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%9A%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9A%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%82)" title="നായകൻ (തമിഴ് ചലച്ചിത്രം) – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="നായകൻ (തമിഴ് ചലച്ചിത്രം)" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nayakan" title="Nayakan – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Nayakan" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B9_(%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BC,_1987)" title="Герой (фильм, 1987) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Герой (фильм, 1987)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D_(%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D)" title="நாயகன் (திரைப்படம்) – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="நாயகன் (திரைப்படம்)" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" 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id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">1987 Indian film directed by Mani Ratnam</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the 1987 Tamil film. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Nayakan_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Nayakan (disambiguation)">Nayakan (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above summary" style="font-size: 125%; font-style: italic;">Nayakan</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Nayakan_poster.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d0/Nayakan_poster.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="350" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="220" data-file-height="350" /></a><div class="infobox-caption">Theatrical release poster</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Directed by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Mani_Ratnam" title="Mani Ratnam">Mani Ratnam</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Written by</th><td class="infobox-data">Mani Ratnam</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Produced by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Muktha_Srinivasan" title="Muktha Srinivasan">Muktha Srinivasan</a> Muktha V. Ramaswamy <a href="/wiki/G._Venkateswaran" title="G. Venkateswaran">G. Venkateswaran</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Starring</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Kamal_Haasan" title="Kamal Haasan">Kamal Haasan</a> <a href="/wiki/Saranya_Ponvannan" title="Saranya Ponvannan">Saranya</a> <a href="/wiki/Karthika_(Malayalam_actress)" title="Karthika (Malayalam actress)">Karthika</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Cinematography</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/P._C._Sreeram" title="P. C. Sreeram">P. C. Sreeram</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Edited by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/B._Lenin" title="B. Lenin">B. Lenin</a> <a href="/wiki/V._T._Vijayan" title="V. T. Vijayan">V. T. Vijayan</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Music by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ilaiyaraaja" title="Ilaiyaraaja">Ilaiyaraaja</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Production company</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="vertical-align: middle;">Muktha Films</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Distributed by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/GV_Films" title="GV Films">GV Films</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; white-space: normal;">Release date</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist film-date"> <ul><li>21 October 1987 (1987-10-21)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; white-space: normal;">Running time</div></th><td class="infobox-data">155 minutes<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERajadhyakshaWillemen1998480-1">[1]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Country</th><td class="infobox-data">India</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Language</th><td class="infobox-data">Tamil</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Budget</th><td class="infobox-data">₹1 crore<a href="#cite_note-GLORY-2">[2]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Box office</th><td class="infobox-data">₹28 crore</td></tr></tbody></table> Nayakan (<a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/nɑːjəɡən/</a> <abbr title="translation">transl.</abbr> Leader) is a 1987 Indian <a href="/wiki/Epic_film" title="Epic film">epic</a> <a href="/wiki/Crime_drama_film" class="mw-redirect" title="Crime drama film">crime drama film</a> written and directed by <a href="/wiki/Mani_Ratnam" title="Mani Ratnam">Mani Ratnam</a>. Produced by <a href="/wiki/Muktha_Srinivasan" title="Muktha Srinivasan">Muktha Srinivasan</a>, the film stars <a href="/wiki/Kamal_Haasan" title="Kamal Haasan">Kamal Haasan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saranya_Ponvannan" title="Saranya Ponvannan">Saranya</a> (in her feature debut) and <a href="/wiki/Karthika_(Malayalam_actress)" title="Karthika (Malayalam actress)">Karthika</a> in lead roles, with <a href="/wiki/Janagaraj" title="Janagaraj">Janagaraj</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vijayan_(actor)" title="Vijayan (actor)">Vijayan</a>, <a href="/wiki/M._V._Vasudeva_Rao" title="M. V. Vasudeva Rao">M. V. Vasudeva Rao</a>, <a href="/wiki/Delhi_Ganesh" title="Delhi Ganesh">Delhi Ganesh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nizhalgal_Ravi" title="Nizhalgal Ravi">Nizhalgal Ravi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nassar_(actor)" title="Nassar (actor)">Nassar</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tara_(Kannada_actress)" title="Tara (Kannada actress)">Tara</a> in supporting roles. It revolves around the evolution of Velu Naicker from an ordinary slum dweller to a highly respected crimelord in the <a href="/wiki/Bombay_underworld" class="mw-redirect" title="Bombay underworld">Bombay underworld</a>. Nayakan is loosely based on the life of the Bombay underworld don <a href="/wiki/Varadarajan_Mudaliar" title="Varadarajan Mudaliar">Varadarajan Mudaliar</a> and the American film <a href="/wiki/The_Godfather" title="The Godfather">The Godfather</a> (1972). Ratnam was initially approached to remake the <a href="/wiki/Hindi" title="Hindi">Hindi</a> film <a href="/wiki/Pagla_Kahin_Ka" title="Pagla Kahin Ka">Pagla Kahin Ka</a> (1970) for Srinivasan and Haasan, but refused. He instead suggested two other stories, one of which impressed Haasan and became Nayakan. Cinematography was handled by <a href="/wiki/P._C._Sreeram" title="P. C. Sreeram">P. C. Sreeram</a>, and editing by <a href="/wiki/B._Lenin" title="B. Lenin">B. Lenin</a> and <a href="/wiki/V._T._Vijayan" title="V. T. Vijayan">V. T. Vijayan</a>. Filming began in late 1986, taking place primarily in <a href="/wiki/Chennai" title="Chennai">Madras</a> and to a lesser extent, Bombay. Nayakan was released on 21 October 1987, <a href="/wiki/Diwali" title="Diwali">Diwali</a> day. It became a critical and commercial success, running for over 175 days in theatres. Haasan's performance earned him the <a href="/wiki/National_Film_Award_for_Best_Actor" class="mw-redirect" title="National Film Award for Best Actor">National Film Award for Best Actor</a>. The film also earned the National Awards for <a href="/wiki/National_Film_Award_for_Best_Cinematography" title="National Film Award for Best Cinematography">Best Cinematography</a> (Sreeram) and <a href="/wiki/National_Film_Award_for_Best_Production_Design" title="National Film Award for Best Production Design">Best Art Direction</a> (<a href="/wiki/Thota_Tharani" title="Thota Tharani">Thota Tharani</a>). Nayakan was <a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_submissions_for_the_Academy_Award_for_Best_International_Feature_Film" title="List of Indian submissions for the Academy Award for Best International Feature Film">India's official submission</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_International_Feature_Film" title="Academy Award for Best International Feature Film">Best Foreign Language Film</a> at the <a href="/wiki/60th_Academy_Awards" title="60th Academy Awards">60th Academy Awards</a>, but it was not nominated. It was included in <a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a>'s list of the "<a href="/wiki/Time%27s_All-Time_100_Movies" title="Time's All-Time 100 Movies">All-Time 100 Best Films</a>" and <a href="/wiki/News18" class="mw-redirect" title="News18">News18</a>'s "100 greatest Indian films of all time". The film was remade in Hindi as <a href="/wiki/Dayavan" title="Dayavan">Dayavan</a> (1988). <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Plot">Plot</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Nayakan&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Plot">edit</a>]</div> An anti-government union leader's son Sakthivel "Velu" is arrested by the police to find his whereabouts. They trick Velu into believing them as his well-wishers and release him. When Velu meets his father, the police kill the latter. Feeling betrayed, Sakthivel stabs the police inspector and runs away to <a href="/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai">Bombay</a>, where he is raised by Hussain, a kind-hearted smuggler living in the <a href="/wiki/Dharavi" title="Dharavi">Dharavi</a> slums. One day, when Hussain is ill, a young Velu decides to carry out the smuggling activity on behalf of Hussain. His demand for a bigger commission from the smugglers enrages them, and they involve Inspector Kelkar to arrest Hussain and kill him in jail. When they close the case as suicide, Velu is enraged knowing the truth and murders Kelkar. He later takes care of Kelkar's family which consists of his wife and a mentally challenged son Ajit. Kelkar's wife knew that her husband's immorality resulted in his death. Velu meets Neela, a schoolgirl forced into prostitution, who has interests to pursue her education. Her innocence and courage impress Velu, and he eventually marries her. They have two children: Surya and Charumathi. Velu's power and command gradually increases in Dharavi as he voices out in support of local people which gains him huge popularity among the masses. His rival smugglers try to murder Velu in an attack, but Neela is killed instead. After avenging Neela's death, Velu sends his children to <a href="/wiki/Chennai" title="Chennai">Madras</a> to safeguard them. Years pass by, Velu's power further increases in Bombay and is fondly called Velu Naicker by everyone. Surya and Charumathi return to Bombay as adults after education. Surya follows Velu's footsteps, a fact that he is initially hesitant of, and later learns to accept. But when Surya is killed trying to flee the police in a botched mission, Charumathi blames Velu for the deaths of Neela and Surya. She decides to leave Bombay citing that she wants to get away from her father and his violent ways. Charumathi disowns her father and leaves his home. Few years pass by and a new <a href="/wiki/Assistant_commissioner_of_police_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="Assistant commissioner of police (India)">ACP</a>, Patil is deputed in Bombay to eliminate gangsters; his first target is Velu. He collects all the evidence needed for the arrest of Velu. When Velu comes to meet Patil, he learns that Charumathi is married to him and they have a son. Patil too learns that his wife is Velu's daughter and suspects that she might help her father to flee from the police. Velu absconds and his allies are arrested. He decides to surrender to the police to save them from undergoing torture in the police station. Through Charumathi, Velu sets up his surrender. Patil is shocked due to the lack of proper evidence against Velu as none comes forward from the public as a witness against the crimes committed by him. Patil meets Kelkar's widow and the now grown-up Ajit and requests to disclose the truth behind her husband's death in the court. She refuses and defends Velu's acts. But Ajit is shocked after learning the truth. Velu is produced in the court and is exonerated due to lack of valid and strong evidence. He is overcome with emotion when he meets his young grandson (Charumathi's son) Shaktivel. Velu steps out of the court amid a big cheer from his supporters, until Ajit shoots him to avenge his father's death; Velu dies on the spot. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cast">Cast</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Nayakan&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Cast">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 25em;min-width: min(25em, 100%);"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kamal_Haasan" title="Kamal Haasan">Kamal Haasan</a> as Sakthivel "Velu" Naicker <ul><li>Manikandan G. as Young Sakthivel "Velu" Naicker</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saranya_Ponvannan" title="Saranya Ponvannan">Saranya</a> as Neela<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERangan2012290-3">[3]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janagaraj" title="Janagaraj">Janagaraj</a> as Selvam<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERangan2012290-3">[3]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delhi_Ganesh" title="Delhi Ganesh">Delhi Ganesh</a> as Iyer<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERangan2012290-3">[3]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karthika_(Malayalam_actress)" title="Karthika (Malayalam actress)">Karthika</a> as Charumati<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERangan2012290-3">[3]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nizhalgal_Ravi" title="Nizhalgal Ravi">Nizhalgal Ravi</a> as Surya<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERangan2012290-3">[3]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nassar_(actor)" title="Nassar (actor)">Nassar</a> as <a href="/wiki/Assistant_commissioner_of_police_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="Assistant commissioner of police (India)">ACP</a> Patil<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERangan2012290-3">[3]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tinnu_Anand" title="Tinnu Anand">Tinnu Anand</a> as Ajit Kelkar<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERangan2012290-3">[3]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vijayan_(actor)" title="Vijayan (actor)">Vijayan</a> as Durai<a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M._V._Vasudeva_Rao" title="M. V. Vasudeva Rao">M. V. Vasudeva Rao</a> as Hussain Bhai<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERangan2012290-3">[3]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tara_(Kannada_actress)" title="Tara (Kannada actress)">Tara</a> as Shakila<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERangan2012290-3">[3]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuyili_(actress)" title="Kuyili (actress)">Kuyili</a> (special appearance in "Nila Adhu Vanathumele")<a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R._N._Sudarshan" title="R. N. Sudarshan">R. N. Sudarshan</a>, <a href="/wiki/R._N._K._Prasad" title="R. N. K. Prasad">R. N. K. Prasad</a> and <a href="/wiki/R._N._Jayagopal" title="R. N. Jayagopal">R. N. Jayagopal</a> as the Reddy brothers<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERangan2012290-3">[3]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pradeep_Shakthi" title="Pradeep Shakthi">Pradeep Shakthi</a> as Inspector Kelkar<a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A._R._Srinivasan" title="A. R. Srinivasan">A.R.S</a> as Commissioner Raghavan<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERangan2012290-3">[3]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kitty_(actor)" title="Kitty (actor)">Raja Krishnamurthy</a> as Rathnavel Naicker, Velu's father<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERangan2012290-3">[3]</a></li> <li>Aditya V. Modi as Sakthivel<a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a></li></ul></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Production">Production</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Nayakan&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Production">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Development">Development</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Nayakan&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Development">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1224211176">.mw-parser-output .quotebox{background-color:#F9F9F9;border:1px solid #aaa;box-sizing:border-box;padding:10px;font-size:88%;max-width:100%}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft{margin:.5em 1.4em .8em 0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright{margin:.5em 0 .8em 1.4em}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.centered{overflow:hidden;position:relative;margin:.5em auto .8em auto}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft span,.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright span{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox>blockquote{margin:0;padding:0;border-left:0;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-title{text-align:center;font-size:110%;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote>:first-child{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote:last-child>:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:before{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" “ ";vertical-align:-45%;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:after{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" ” ";line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .left-aligned{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .right-aligned{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .center-aligned{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quote-title,.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quotebox-quote{display:block}.mw-parser-output .quotebox cite{display:block;font-style:normal}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .quotebox{width:100%!important;margin:0 0 .8em!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="quotebox pullquote floatright" style="width:30%; ;"> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> The two years I studied in Bombay (1975–77), he [<a href="/wiki/Varadarajan_Mudaliar" title="Varadarajan Mudaliar">Varadarajan Mudaliar</a>] was at his peak. People in the <a href="/wiki/Matunga" title="Matunga">Matunga</a> belt thought he was God. I used to wonder how anyone could treat a fellow human as God. I never understood why they would do this. It fascinated me. It was such a dramatic story, this man going from <a href="/wiki/Tamil_Nadu" title="Tamil Nadu">Tamil Nadu</a> to Bombay and ruling the city. I outlined this thought to Kamal Haasan and he said fine. That's it. It was done. Decided. </blockquote> <cite class="left-aligned" style=""> – <a href="/wiki/Mani_Ratnam" title="Mani Ratnam">Mani Ratnam</a> on his inspiration to make the film<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERangan201244-8">[8]</a></cite> </div> In the mid-1980s, <a href="/wiki/Muktha_Srinivasan" title="Muktha Srinivasan">Muktha Srinivasan</a> narrated a story inspired by the American film <a href="/wiki/The_Godfather" title="The Godfather">The Godfather</a> (1972) to <a href="/wiki/Sivaji_Ganesan" title="Sivaji Ganesan">Sivaji Ganesan</a> who agreed to act in the film. <a href="/wiki/Amala_Akkineni" title="Amala Akkineni">Amala</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kamal_Haasan" title="Kamal Haasan">Kamal Haasan</a> were also confirmed to act. However <a href="/wiki/Ananthu_(screenwriter)" title="Ananthu (screenwriter)">Ananthu</a>, then an associate of Haasan, felt that it would be a Ganesan-focused film and not a Haasan film. The project was dropped.<a href="#cite_note-GLORY-2">[2]</a> Haasan later told Srinivasan about the-then upcoming director <a href="/wiki/Mani_Ratnam" title="Mani Ratnam">Mani Ratnam</a>. Ratnam had previously wanted to cast Haasan as the protagonist in his directorial debut, <a href="/wiki/Pallavi_Anu_Pallavi" title="Pallavi Anu Pallavi">Pallavi Anu Pallavi</a> (1983), but the collaboration could not materialise then as Haasan was committed to <a href="/wiki/Raja_Paarvai" title="Raja Paarvai">Raja Paarvai</a> (1981) at that time.<a href="#cite_note-MAGAZINE-9">[9]</a> Srinivasan came to Ratnam's house and gave him an envelope, which contained a cassette of the <a href="/wiki/Hindi" title="Hindi">Hindi</a> film <a href="/wiki/Pagla_Kahin_Ka" title="Pagla Kahin Ka">Pagla Kahin Ka</a> (1970). Ratnam, after watching the film, met Haasan and rejected the offer to remake the film. After Haasan asked him the kind of film he preferred to make, Ratnam suggested two stories: one was in the action genre similar to <a href="/wiki/Dirty_Harry" title="Dirty Harry">Dirty Harry</a> (1971) and <a href="/wiki/Beverly_Hills_Cop" title="Beverly Hills Cop">Beverly Hills Cop</a> (1984), while the other was based on the life of the <a href="/wiki/Organised_crime_in_India" title="Organised crime in India">Bombay underworld</a> don <a href="/wiki/Varadarajan_Mudaliar" title="Varadarajan Mudaliar">Varadarajan Mudaliar</a>; the latter was finalised.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERangan201244-8">[8]</a> Ratnam had earlier narrated this story, when it was only an idea, to producer R. C. Prakash, but it was not picked up then.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERangan201242-10">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a> Cinematography for Nayakan was handled by <a href="/wiki/P._C._Sreeram" title="P. C. Sreeram">P. C. Sreeram</a>, and editing by <a href="/wiki/B._Lenin" title="B. Lenin">B. Lenin</a> and <a href="/wiki/V._T._Vijayan" title="V. T. Vijayan">V. T. Vijayan</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERangan2012290-3">[3]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Casting">Casting</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Nayakan&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Casting">edit</a>]</div> In September 1986, Haasan gave his schedule dates for the film to Srinivasan,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERangan201244-8">[8]</a> and was paid ₹17.5 lakh (US$145,583 in 1987)<a href="#cite_note-exchange-13">[a]</a> for playing Velu.<a href="#cite_note-GLORY-2">[2]</a> Ratnam wanted Haasan to have as realistic a look as possible. He preferred Haasan in traditional <a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hindu</a> attire. Haasan was initially hesitant regarding his look and wanted to sport a beard similar to that of his old-aged look in <a href="/wiki/Sagara_Sangamam" title="Sagara Sangamam">Sagara Sangamam</a> (1983), as he felt it would not give away his jaw line, which would reveal that the character was portrayed by a younger person. Ratnam, in turn, did not want Haasan to sport a look similar to Sagara Sangamam or any of his other previous films.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERangan201246–47-14">[13]</a> Haasan ultimately sported <a href="/wiki/Dentures" title="Dentures">dentures</a> to provide some weight around his jaw for Velu's old-age look.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERangan201247-15">[14]</a> Neela, the wife of Velu, was played by <a href="/wiki/Saranya_Ponvannan" title="Saranya Ponvannan">Saranya</a>, who made her debut in the film. The character was created by Srinivasan to reduce the violent content and help the film cater to family audiences.<a href="#cite_note-GLORY-2">[2]</a> Ratnam wanted a "new face" to portray Neela as he felt only then the character would have the required zest and gusto.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERangan201251-16">[15]</a> Saranya sent her photograph to Ratnam to audition for the role. She was later cast after a successful screen test.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERangan201252-17">[16]</a> Saranya's father was against her being cast, but she and her mother managed to convince him.<a href="#cite_note-18">[17]</a> Though Ratnam has stated that Saranya was "the first and only person we saw for the role",<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERangan201252-17">[16]</a> <a href="/wiki/Debashree_Roy" title="Debashree Roy">Debashree Roy</a> claimed that she was approached, but refused as she considered that speaking in Tamil would be difficult for her.<a href="#cite_note-19">[18]</a> According to <a href="/wiki/Suhasini_Maniratnam" title="Suhasini Maniratnam">Suhasini</a>, Ratnam considered her for the role of Velu's daughter Charumati;<a href="#cite_note-20">[19]</a> however, the role ultimately went to <a href="/wiki/Karthika_(Malayalam_actress)" title="Karthika (Malayalam actress)">Karthika</a>.<a href="#cite_note-21">[20]</a> Ratnam believes that <a href="/wiki/Nassar_(actor)" title="Nassar (actor)">Nassar</a> was suggested to him by Haasan, when <a href="/wiki/Raghuvaran" title="Raghuvaran">Raghuvaran</a> was being considered for the role of the assistant commissioner Patil.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERangan201264-22">[21]</a> Nassar shot for six days and initially believed there was nothing special in his role. He later admitted his surprise of the reach of his character post-release.<a href="#cite_note-23">[22]</a> Although <a href="/wiki/Tara_(Kannada_actress)" title="Tara (Kannada actress)">Tara</a> was then known mainly for playing leading roles, she accepted the supporting role of Velu's sister Shakila. She later recalled, "I didn't know what to accept and what to reject. I just grabbed whatever was offered irrespective of the character. That was a mistake."<a href="#cite_note-24">[23]</a> Raja Krishnamoorthy (later known as <a href="/wiki/Kitty_(actor)" title="Kitty (actor)">Kitty</a>), then the General Manager at <a href="/wiki/Royal_Enfield" title="Royal Enfield">Royal Enfield</a>, quit to portray Velu's father, with Nayakan being his debut film.<a href="#cite_note-25">[24]</a> Haasan wanted <a href="/wiki/Tinnu_Anand" title="Tinnu Anand">Tinnu Anand</a> for the role of Ajit, the son of Inspector Kelkar (<a href="/wiki/Pradeep_Shakthi" title="Pradeep Shakthi">Pradeep Shakthi</a>). Anand was reluctant since he wanted to focus on his career as a director, but after Haasan insisted, Anand accepted.<a href="#cite_note-26">[25]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Filming">Filming</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Nayakan&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Filming">edit</a>]</div> Ratnam initially planned to complete the shooting in 60 days and 70 rolls of film. The initial budget was ₹60 lakh (US$500,000 in 1987), but time and <a href="/wiki/Cost_overrun" title="Cost overrun">cost overruns</a> increased the budget to beyond ₹1 crore (US$830,000 in 1987).<a href="#cite_note-exchange-13">[a]</a> According to Srinivasan, principal photography commenced in November 1986 and the first <a href="/wiki/Shooting_schedule" title="Shooting schedule">schedule</a> lasted for 10 days, but the scenes shot during this period were scrapped because Haasan disliked them, prompting script rewrites and causing shooting to be delayed; the rewritten script had more violence, and scenes taken from The Godfather and <a href="/wiki/Once_Upon_a_Time_in_America" title="Once Upon a Time in America">Once Upon a Time in America</a> (1984).<a href="#cite_note-GLORY-2">[2]</a> According to Ratnam, a three-day test shoot involving Haasan, unknown to Srinivasan, was done in December 1986 as the script was not yet complete. While the shots taken did not make the final cut, they helped to get the technical aspects of the film on the right track.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERangan201245-27">[26]</a> Ratnam said the first "real schedule" of Nayakan began in January 1987. 15 days of shooting took place in the slum areas of <a href="/wiki/Dharavi" title="Dharavi">Dharavi</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERangan201245-27">[26]</a> Using photographs taken there, the art director <a href="/wiki/Thota_Tharani" title="Thota Tharani">Thota Tharani</a> created a set at Venus Studios in Madras. Thousands of junior artists were hired to recreate the atmosphere of the slum areas.<a href="#cite_note-GLORY-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-MAGAZINE-9">[9]</a> Additionally, <a href="/wiki/Columbidae" title="Columbidae">pigeons</a> were brought for the same.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERangan201259-28">[27]</a> Haasan helped in the make-up for the other actors in the film and asked <a href="/wiki/Janagaraj" title="Janagaraj">Janagaraj</a> and <a href="/wiki/Delhi_Ganesh" title="Delhi Ganesh">Delhi Ganesh</a> to cut their hair so as to make their characters Selvam and Iyer in their old age scenes look convincing.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERangan201246-29">[28]</a> One scene involved Velu telling Iyer, "Udamba paathukonga" (<abbr title="translation">transl.</abbr> Please take care of your health) and Ganesh spontaneously said "Naa poraen. Naa irundhu enna panna poraen. Nee nalla irukkanum, Naickerae" (<abbr title="translation">transl.</abbr> I'll take leave. What can I do by staying here? You should be well, Naicker); an impressed Haasan told Ratnam to retain the improvised dialogue.<a href="#cite_note-30">[29]</a> Haasan used <a href="/wiki/Attar" title="Attar">attar</a> perfume for the female cast.<a href="#cite_note-MAGAZINE-9">[9]</a> Ratnam had marked around ₹12 lakh (US$100,000 in 1987)<a href="#cite_note-exchange-13">[a]</a> for the film's action sequences. To make the sequences slick and entertaining, cinematographer and stunt sequence director Jim Allen, who was known for his work stunt sequences in <a href="/wiki/Sholay" title="Sholay">Sholay</a> (1975) was chosen. But after three days, he was removed from the film as he charged ₹200,000 per day (US$16,000 in 1987)<a href="#cite_note-exchange-13">[a]</a> and Srinivasan could not afford the money.<a href="#cite_note-GLORY-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-MAGAZINE-9">[9]</a> Haasan brought his own gun, sparing Ratnam the usage of a prop. In the scene where Haasan chases Kelkar, he uses his own bottle of sugar glass, which he had brought from the United States.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERangan201246-29">[28]</a> The remaining portions were shot at Bombay (now <a href="/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai">Mumbai</a>), including the portions involving Velu's childhood life in the city.<a href="#cite_note-GLORY-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-MAGAZINE-9">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERangan201260-31">[30]</a> The scene featuring Neela studying for her mathematics examination was suggested by Srinivasan.<a href="#cite_note-MAGAZINE-9">[9]</a> Velu's childhood portions before he moves to Bombay were canned in <a href="/wiki/Rajiv_Gandhi_Salai" title="Rajiv Gandhi Salai">Old Mahabalipuram Road</a> for one and a half days. This was also the last part of the principal photography.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERangan201260-31">[30]</a> The song "Naan Sirithal Deepavali" was shot at the spot where the <a href="/wiki/Taj_Club_House_Chennai" title="Taj Club House Chennai">Taj Club House</a> is located today. The old building previously located at that spot was called the "Indian Express Building" by film industrialists as it was adjacent to the Old office of <a href="/wiki/The_Indian_Express" title="The Indian Express">Indian Express</a>. Thota Tharani converted the building's exterior into a brothel and used the opposite end of the building for Velu's house location.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERangan201254-32">[31]</a> Nayakan was notable for using <a href="/wiki/Film_frame" title="Film frame">frame-within-the-frame</a> technique of filmmaking.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERangan201258-33">[32]</a> Ratnam and Haasan met Mudaliar in person, when Ratnam asked Mudaliar how he would foresee his own death; Mudaliar replied that it would be in a public riot amidst much panic and tension, this inspired the film's climax.<a href="#cite_note-MAGAZINE-9">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-34">[33]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Post-production">Post-production</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Nayakan&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Post-production">edit</a>]</div> When the film was completed and the first print was ready, it was three hours long. Although Ratnam and Haasan wanted Srinivasan to release the film uncut, he felt audiences would never see the entire film due to its length, so he requested Lenin to remove the scenes which he felt were unnecessary. The result, according to Srinivasan, "gave life to the movie, along with the theme music Thenpandi seemayilae."<a href="#cite_note-GLORY-2">[2]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Themes">Themes</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Nayakan&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Themes">edit</a>]</div> Haasan, Ratnam and Srinivasan have acknowledged to Nayakan being inspired by The Godfather in various scenes. These include Velu's killing of the Reddy brothers,<a href="#cite_note-35">[34]</a> the murder of Velu's son Surya,<a href="#cite_note-MAGAZINE-9">[9]</a> and Velu crying at Surya's corpse.<a href="#cite_note-GLORY-2">[2]</a> One scene in the film involves Velu and Selvam tying their illicit cargo to large bags of salt attached to rubber inner tubes which they then dump into the sea; the cargo sinks from the weight of the salt, but when the salt dissolves the cargo bobs to the surface, by which time they have passed the customs officers. This was described by Lalitha Gopalan in her 2002 book Cinema of Interruptions as an homage to Once Upon a Time in America,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGopalan2002117–118-36">[35]</a> a view that was shared by S. Shiva Kumar of The Hindu.<a href="#cite_note-37">[36]</a> According to historian <a href="/wiki/S._Theodore_Baskaran" title="S. Theodore Baskaran">S. Theodore Baskaran</a>, the film "tends to glorify violence and portrays the anti-social, smuggler-king in an approving and sympathetic way, modelling him on <a href="/wiki/Robin_Hood" title="Robin Hood">Robin Hood</a>."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBaskaran1996163-38">[37]</a> Lalitha Gopalan notes that the film "attempts faithfully to re-create a historical period by carefully managing different aspects of the <a href="/wiki/Mise-en-sc%C3%A8ne" title="Mise-en-scène">mise en scène</a>. More than any other detail in the mise en scène, automobiles – different models of cars, jeeps, and vans – indicate the passage of time within the diegesis."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGopalan2002116-39">[38]</a> According to a <a href="/wiki/New_Straits_Times" title="New Straits Times">New Straits Times</a> article, the film does not extol crime or violence; rather it narrates the story of a tragic character who rises from slums to untold riches and unbridled power.<a href="#cite_note-40">[39]</a> Ratnam has stated that the question asked by Velu's grandson, whether he is good or bad, "puts across the moral dilemma of the man in a nutshell".<a href="#cite_note-41">[40]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Music">Music</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Nayakan&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Music">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Nayakan_(soundtrack)" title="Nayakan (soundtrack)">Nayakan (soundtrack)</a></div> The soundtrack was composed by <a href="/wiki/Ilaiyaraaja" title="Ilaiyaraaja">Ilaiyaraaja</a>,<a href="#cite_note-42">[41]</a> this being his 400th film soundtrack.<a href="#cite_note-43">[42]</a> <a href="/wiki/Pulamaipithan" title="Pulamaipithan">Pulamaipithan</a> wrote the lyrics for all the songs except "Nila Adhu Vanathumele", which Ilaiyaraaja himself wrote.<a href="#cite_note-tracklist-44">[43]</a> Ilaiyaraaja composed the film score using ancient instruments, for the film.<a href="#cite_note-45">[44]</a> The song "Andhi Mazhai Megam" is set in the <a href="/wiki/Carnatic_raga" title="Carnatic raga">Carnatic raga</a> <a href="/wiki/Natabhairavi" title="Natabhairavi">Natabhairavi</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESundararaman2007124-46">[45]</a> "Nee Oru Kaadhal Sangeetham", set in the <a href="/wiki/Hindustani_raga" class="mw-redirect" title="Hindustani raga">Hindustani raga</a> <a href="/wiki/Desh_(raga)" title="Desh (raga)">Desh</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESundararaman2007147-47">[46]</a> is featured on both sides of the original LP record as the second track.<a href="#cite_note-tracklist-44">[43]</a> The theme song "Thenpandi Cheemayile" plays for most of the film.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERangan201253-48">[47]</a> "Nila Adhu Vanathumele", set in the Carnatic <a href="/wiki/Keeravani" title="Keeravani">Keeravani</a> raga, was the original tune intended for "Thenpandi Cheemayile".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESundararaman2007148-49">[48]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Release">Release</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Nayakan&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Release">edit</a>]</div> Nayakan was released on 21 October 1987, <a href="/wiki/Diwali" title="Diwali">Diwali</a> day.<a href="#cite_note-50">[49]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Central_Board_of_Film_Certification" title="Central Board of Film Certification">Censor Board</a> at Madras initially refused to permit the release of the film, as it was based on a living person. When Srinivasan appealed to the revising committee at Bombay, they said that they would permit the release of the film he produced a letter stating that it was not based on Mudaliar's life. Through writer Mathioli Shanmugam, Srinivasan met Mudaliar, who gave him a letter, after which the censor appellate board at Bombay permitted the release of the film.<a href="#cite_note-GLORY-2">[2]</a> <a href="/wiki/G._Venkateswaran" title="G. Venkateswaran">G. Venkateswaran</a> of <a href="/wiki/GV_Films" title="GV Films">GV Films</a> bought the rights of the film after Srinivasan distributed the film; Venkateswaran also received a producer's credit.<a href="#cite_note-GLORY-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-MAGAZINE-9">[9]</a> It was dubbed into <a href="/wiki/Telugu_language" title="Telugu language">Telugu</a> as Nayakudu and into Hindi as Velu Nayakan.<a href="#cite_note-51">[50]</a> Despite the Hindi dub, it was later remade in Hindi as <a href="/wiki/Dayavan" title="Dayavan">Dayavan</a> (1988).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERangan2012118-52">[51]</a> In 2015, Nayakan was screened at the Habitat Film Festival.<a href="#cite_note-53">[52]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Box_office">Box office</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Nayakan&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Box office">edit</a>]</div> Nayakan became a major success in many states. The film completed 214 days run in Tamil Nadu and completed 100 days in both Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka. The film ran for 25 weeks at Madras' Anand Theatre, 105 days at Grelan, 105 days at Udhayam, 175 days at Madurai Minipriya, 100 days at Salem, 85 days at Trichy's Kalaiyarangam, 100 days at Jupiter, 105 days at Coimbatore's Archana, 100 days at Bombay's Dinora and 224 at Bangalore's Pallavi. The Telugu dubbed version Nayakadu also completed 100 days of theatrical run.<a href="#cite_note-54">[53]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Critical_reception">Critical reception</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Nayakan&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Critical reception">edit</a>]</div> Nayakan received critical acclaim.<a href="#cite_note-popmatters-55">[54]</a> On 23 October 1987, N. Krishnaswamy of <a href="/wiki/The_Indian_Express" title="The Indian Express">The Indian Express</a> said, "[Nayakan] is a rare Tamil film. Sensitivity is its hallmark. Authenticity is its lifebreath. It has the stamp of nativity. It has class. Yet, it is not an Art film. It could be a watershed in Tamil cinema; an artistically made film that could make money as well."<a href="#cite_note-56">[55]</a> On 1 November, <a href="/wiki/Ananda_Vikatan" title="Ananda Vikatan">Ananda Vikatan</a> stated that Haasan underplayed his role well and demonstrated his histrionics as a godfather in the film well, adding that the film stood out for its sets, taking, colour, richness and international quality camera work. The magazine gave the film one of its highest marks of 60.<a href="#cite_note-57">[56]</a> <a href="/wiki/Subha_(writers)" title="Subha (writers)">Jayamanmadhan</a> of <a href="/wiki/Kalki_(magazine)" title="Kalki (magazine)">Kalki</a> lauded the film, saying it could be watched more than once.<a href="#cite_note-58">[57]</a> A 1988 review published in Bombay: The City Magazine described Haasan as having given a "powerhouse performance".<a href="#cite_note-59">[58]</a> Writing for <a href="/wiki/India_Today" title="India Today">India Today</a> in 1989, Madhu Jain believed Nayakan deserved "a permanent place in the Indian cinema pantheon" after watching it at the 12th International Film Festival in Delhi.<a href="#cite_note-60">[59]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Accolades">Accolades</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Nayakan&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Accolades">edit</a>]</div> <table class="wikitable unsortable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Award </th> <th>Category </th> <th>Recipients </th> <th>Result </th> <th><abbr title="References">Ref.</abbr> </th></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/35th_National_Film_Awards" title="35th National Film Awards">35th National Film Awards</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/National_Film_Award_for_Best_Actor" class="mw-redirect" title="National Film Award for Best Actor">Best Actor</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kamal_Haasan" title="Kamal Haasan">Kamal Haasan</a> </td> <td style="background: #9EFF9E; color: #000; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="yes table-yes2 notheme">Won </td> <td rowspan="3" style="text-align: center;"><a href="#cite_note-61">[60]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Filmfare_Award_for_Best_Lyricist_%E2%80%93_Tamil" title="Filmfare Award for Best Lyricist – Tamil">Best Cinematography</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/P._C._Sreeram" title="P. C. Sreeram">P. C. Sreeram</a> </td> <td style="background: #9EFF9E; color: #000; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="yes table-yes2 notheme">Won </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/National_Film_Award_for_Best_Production_Design" title="National Film Award for Best Production Design">Best Art Direction</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Thota_Tharani" title="Thota Tharani">Thota Tharani</a> </td> <td style="background: #9EFF9E; color: #000; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="yes table-yes2 notheme">Won </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/8th_Cinema_Express_Awards" title="8th Cinema Express Awards">8th Cinema Express Awards</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cinema_Express_Award_for_Best_Film_%E2%80%93_Tamil" title="Cinema Express Award for Best Film – Tamil">Best Film – Tamil</a> </td> <td>Nayakan </td> <td style="background: #9EFF9E; color: #000; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="yes table-yes2 notheme">Won </td> <td rowspan="3" style="text-align: center;"><a href="#cite_note-popmatters-55">[54]</a> <a href="#cite_note-62">[61]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Cinema_Express_Award_for_Best_Actor_%E2%80%93_Tamil" title="Cinema Express Award for Best Actor – Tamil">Best Actor – Tamil</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kamal_Haasan" title="Kamal Haasan">Kamal Haasan</a> </td> <td style="background: #9EFF9E; color: #000; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="yes table-yes2 notheme">Won </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Cinema_Express_Award_for_Best_Director_%E2%80%93_Tamil" title="Cinema Express Award for Best Director – Tamil">Best Director – Tamil</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mani_Ratnam" title="Mani Ratnam">Mani Ratnam</a> </td> <td style="background: #9EFF9E; color: #000; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="yes table-yes2 notheme">Won </td></tr></tbody></table> The film was <a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_submissions_for_the_Academy_Award_for_Best_International_Feature_Film" title="List of Indian submissions for the Academy Award for Best International Feature Film">India's official submission</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_International_Feature_Film" title="Academy Award for Best International Feature Film">Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film</a> in 1987 at the <a href="/wiki/60th_Academy_Awards" title="60th Academy Awards">60th Academy Awards</a>; however, it was not shortlisted among the final nominees.<a href="#cite_note-63">[62]</a><a href="#cite_note-64">[63]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Nayakan&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Legacy">edit</a>]</div> Nayakan became a "landmark" of popular Indian cinema.<a href="#cite_note-popmatters-55">[54]</a> As a part of its legacy, the film has been acclaimed for being a box-office success whilst being a critical success.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJoshi200672-65">[64]</a> English journalist <a href="/wiki/Phil_Hardy_(journalist)" title="Phil Hardy (journalist)">Phil Hardy</a> stated in his 1997 book The BFI Companion to Crime, "From the films that followed in the wake of The Godfather, the most interesting is Mani Rathnam's Nayakan (1987) starring [Kamal Haasan] in a fictional version of the Bombay gangster Varadarajan Mudaliar's life."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHardy1997180-66">[65]</a> In 2005, the magazine <a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">TIME</a> included Nayakan in its list of <a href="/wiki/Time%27s_All-Time_100_Movies" title="Time's All-Time 100 Movies">"All-Time 100 Best Films"</a>.<a href="#cite_note-67">[66]</a><a href="#cite_note-68">[67]</a> After the film was selected by TIME as one of the best, insiders of the magazine spoke about Ratnam's work in the film, saying "Ratnam has no such difficulty blending melodrama and music, violence and comedy, realism and delirium, into a two-and-a-half-hour demonstration that, when a gangster's miseries are mounting, the most natural solution is to sing in the rain."<a href="#cite_note-69">[68]</a> The tagline given to the film by TIME was "A terrific gangster epic in the Godfather style."<a href="#cite_note-70">[69]</a><a href="#cite_note-71">[70]</a> The film was also ranked 82nd in <a href="/wiki/The_Moving_Arts_Film_Journal" title="The Moving Arts Film Journal">The Moving Arts Film Journal</a> list of greatest films of all time.<a href="#cite_note-72">[71]</a> Nayakan was also included in <a href="/wiki/NDTV" title="NDTV">NDTV</a>'s list "India's 20 greatest films" at no 13.<a href="#cite_note-73">[72]</a> In April 2013, on the centenary of Indian cinema, <a href="/wiki/News18" class="mw-redirect" title="News18">News18</a> included the film in its list of "100 greatest Indian films of all time".<a href="#cite_note-74">[73]</a> When questioned by Baradwaj Rangan if he would make a sequel to Nayakan, Ratnam said, "Never. When you finish a film, you're glad to be rid of it. You're happy you don't have to go back to that script again. Been there, done that."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERangan201266-75">[74]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_popular_culture">In popular culture</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Nayakan&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: In popular culture">edit</a>]</div> The scenes and dialogues from the film have been parodied in various films, including <a href="/wiki/Dumm_Dumm_Dumm" title="Dumm Dumm Dumm">Dumm Dumm Dumm</a> (2001),<a href="#cite_note-76">[75]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chellamae" title="Chellamae">Chellamae</a> (2004).<a href="#cite_note-77">[76]</a> When stand-up comedian and television anchor <a href="/wiki/Bosskey" title="Bosskey">Bosskey</a> launched a quirky play titled Dada in October 2005, he named the cast after famous characters in Tamil films. Accordingly, <a href="/wiki/Anniyan" title="Anniyan">Anniyan</a> (one of <a href="/wiki/Vikram_(actor)" title="Vikram (actor)">Vikram</a>'s character in the film), Badshah (<a href="/wiki/Rajinikanth" title="Rajinikanth">Rajinikanth</a> in <a href="/wiki/Baashha" title="Baashha">Baashha</a>) and Velu Naicker (Haasan's role in Nayakan) play the central characters of a family of brothers.<a href="#cite_note-78">[77]</a> Similarly, in the 2013 comedy film <a href="/wiki/Onbadhule_Guru" title="Onbadhule Guru">Onbadhule Guru</a>, in which the characters were named after popular protagonists of Tamil cinema, a member of the supporting cast was christened Velu Naicker.<a href="#cite_note-79">[78]</a> According to the Telugu newspaper <a href="/wiki/Eenadu" title="Eenadu">Eenadu</a>, Rajinikanth, after being impressed with Nayakan, requested Ratnam to write a similar script, but the project never materialised; its similarities with <a href="/wiki/Pa._Ranjith" title="Pa. Ranjith">Pa. Ranjith</a>'s script for <a href="/wiki/Kabali" title="Kabali">Kabali</a> (2016) made him accept to star in the latter film.<a href="#cite_note-80">[79]</a> The famous line in the film, "Neenga Nallavara Kettavara?" (Are you good or bad?) was used in "The Punch Song", a song from the film, <a href="/wiki/Aaha_Kalyanam" title="Aaha Kalyanam">Aaha Kalyanam</a> (2014).<a href="#cite_note-81">[80]</a> Delhi Ganesh reprises his role as Iyer in the 2022 film <a href="/wiki/Vendhu_Thanindhathu_Kaadu" title="Vendhu Thanindhathu Kaadu">Vendhu Thanindhathu Kaadu</a>.<a href="#cite_note-82">[81]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Controversy">Controversy</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Nayakan&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Controversy">edit</a>]</div> In October 2012, coinciding with the 25th anniversary of Nayakan, Haasan published an article in <a href="/wiki/The_Hindu" title="The Hindu">The Hindu</a>, titled "Of course Velu Nayakan doesn't dance", in which he recounted the <a href="/wiki/Behind-the-scenes" title="Behind-the-scenes">making of</a> the film. In the article, he described Srinivasan as stingy and being unhappy about shooting the film in Bombay, adding that films "were a business" for him and he "wasn't interested in films as art". In response, Srinivasan accused Haasan of defaming him,<a href="#cite_note-83">[82]</a> and wrote an article titled "Living in past glory", his rejoinder to Haasan's article, in which he accused Haasan of "distorting the facts" and "undermining the contributions made by everyone." He also accused Haasan of interfering with the original screenplay by Ratnam to include sequences copied from The Godfather and Once Upon a Time in America. Srinivasan, however, concluded by writing that he was not against Haasan taking credit for the film's success, as long as it was not at his expense.<a href="#cite_note-GLORY-2">[2]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Nayakan&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_submissions_to_the_60th_Academy_Awards_for_Best_Foreign_Language_Film" title="List of submissions to the 60th Academy Awards for Best Foreign Language Film">List of submissions to the 60th Academy Awards for Best Foreign Language Film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_submissions_for_the_Academy_Award_for_Best_International_Feature_Film" title="List of Indian submissions for the Academy Award for Best International Feature Film">List of Indian submissions for the Academy Award for Best International Feature Film</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Nayakan&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Notes">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-exchange-13">^ <a href="#cite_ref-exchange_13-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-exchange_13-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-exchange_13-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-exchange_13-3">d</a> The exchange rate in 1987 was 12.9658 Indian rupees (₹) per 1 US dollar (US$).<a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Nayakan&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERajadhyakshaWillemen1998480-1"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERajadhyakshaWillemen1998480_1-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFRajadhyakshaWillemen1998">Rajadhyaksha & Willemen 1998</a>, p. 480. </li> <li id="cite_note-GLORY-2">^ <a href="#cite_ref-GLORY_2-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-GLORY_2-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-GLORY_2-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-GLORY_2-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-GLORY_2-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-GLORY_2-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-GLORY_2-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-GLORY_2-7">h</a> <a href="#cite_ref-GLORY_2-8">i</a> <a href="#cite_ref-GLORY_2-9">j</a> <a href="#cite_ref-GLORY_2-10">k</a> <a href="#cite_ref-GLORY_2-11">l</a> <a href="#cite_ref-GLORY_2-12">m</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kalkionline.com/kalkionline_archive/imagegallery/archiveimages/kalki/1987/nov/08-11-1987/p17.jpg">the original</a> on 30 July 2022. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ibnlive.in.com/news/12-indian-films-that-would-make-great-books/451552-79.html">the original</a> on 19 October 2014. 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Chennai: East West Books. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/645890539">645890539</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+eye+of+the+serpent%3A+an+introduction+to+Tamil+cinema&rft.place=Chennai&rft.pub=East+West+Books&rft.date=1996&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F645890539&rft.aulast=Baskaran&rft.aufirst=S.+Theodore&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANayakan" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGopalan2002" class="citation book cs1">Gopalan, Lalitha (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/cinemaofinterrup00lali">Cinema of Interruptions: Action Genres in Contemporary Indian Cinema</a>. <a href="/wiki/British_Film_Institute" title="British Film Institute">British Film Institute</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cinema+of+Interruptions%3A+Action+Genres+in+Contemporary+Indian+Cinema&rft.pub=British+Film+Institute&rft.date=2002&rft.aulast=Gopalan&rft.aufirst=Lalitha&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcinemaofinterrup00lali&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANayakan" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHardy1997" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Phil_Hardy_(journalist)" title="Phil Hardy (journalist)">Hardy, Phil</a> (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=agfHUakbj5kC">The BFI Companion to Crime</a>. <a href="/wiki/Continuum_International_Publishing_Group" title="Continuum International Publishing Group">Continuum International Publishing Group</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-304-33215-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-304-33215-1"><bdi>978-0-304-33215-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+BFI+Companion+to+Crime&rft.pub=Continuum+International+Publishing+Group&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-0-304-33215-1&rft.aulast=Hardy&rft.aufirst=Phil&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DagfHUakbj5kC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANayakan" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJoshi2006" class="citation book cs1">Joshi, Rajmohan (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_aoH81IN8SsC&q=Environmental+Biotechnology,+Nayagan&pg=PA72">Environmental Biotechnology</a>. Isha Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/81-8205-366-8" title="Special:BookSources/81-8205-366-8"><bdi>81-8205-366-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Environmental+Biotechnology&rft.pub=Isha+Books&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=81-8205-366-8&rft.aulast=Joshi&rft.aufirst=Rajmohan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D_aoH81IN8SsC%26q%3DEnvironmental%2BBiotechnology%2C%2BNayagan%26pg%3DPA72&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANayakan" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRajadhyakshaWillemen1998" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ashish_Rajadhyaksha" title="Ashish Rajadhyaksha">Rajadhyaksha, Ashish</a>; <a href="/wiki/Paul_Willemen" title="Paul Willemen">Willemen, Paul</a> (1998) [1994]. Encyclopaedia of Indian Cinema. <a href="/wiki/British_Film_Institute" title="British Film Institute">British Film Institute</a> and <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-563579-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-563579-5"><bdi>0-19-563579-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopaedia+of+Indian+Cinema&rft.pub=British+Film+Institute+and+Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=0-19-563579-5&rft.aulast=Rajadhyaksha&rft.aufirst=Ashish&rft.au=Willemen%2C+Paul&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANayakan" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRangan2012" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Baradwaj_Rangan" title="Baradwaj Rangan">Rangan, Baradwaj</a> (2012). <a href="/wiki/Conversations_with_Mani_Ratnam" title="Conversations with Mani Ratnam">Conversations with Mani Ratnam</a>. India: <a href="/wiki/Penguin_Books" title="Penguin Books">Penguin Books</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-670-08520-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-670-08520-0"><bdi>978-0-670-08520-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Conversations+with+Mani+Ratnam&rft.place=India&rft.pub=Penguin+Books&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-0-670-08520-0&rft.aulast=Rangan&rft.aufirst=Baradwaj&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANayakan" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSundararaman2007" class="citation book cs1">Sundararaman (2007) [2005]. Raga Chintamani: A Guide to Carnatic Ragas Through Tamil Film Music (2nd ed.). Pichhamal Chintamani. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/295034757">295034757</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Raga+Chintamani%3A+A+Guide+to+Carnatic+Ragas+Through+Tamil+Film+Music&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Pichhamal+Chintamani&rft.date=2007&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F295034757&rft.au=Sundararaman&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANayakan" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Nayakan&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0093603/">Nayakan</a> at <a href="/wiki/IMDb_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="IMDb (identifier)">IMDb</a> <a 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.navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Mani_Ratnam" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar 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template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Mani_Ratnam" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Mani Ratnam"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Mani_Ratnam" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Mani_Ratnam" title="Mani Ratnam">Mani Ratnam</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Films directed</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pallavi_Anu_Pallavi" title="Pallavi Anu Pallavi">Pallavi Anu Pallavi</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unaroo" title="Unaroo">Unaroo</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pagal_Nilavu" title="Pagal Nilavu">Pagal Nilavu</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idaya_Kovil" title="Idaya Kovil">Idaya Kovil</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mouna_Ragam" title="Mouna Ragam">Mouna Ragam</a> (1986)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Nayakan</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agni_Natchathiram" title="Agni Natchathiram">Agni Natchathiram</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geethanjali_(1989_film)" title="Geethanjali (1989 film)">Geethanjali</a> (1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anjali_(1990_film)" title="Anjali (1990 film)">Anjali</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thalapathi" title="Thalapathi">Thalapathi</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roja_(film)" title="Roja (film)">Roja</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thiruda_Thiruda" title="Thiruda Thiruda">Thiruda Thiruda</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombay_(film)" title="Bombay (film)">Bombay</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iruvar" title="Iruvar">Iruvar</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dil_Se.." title="Dil Se..">Dil Se..</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alai_Payuthey" title="Alai Payuthey">Alai Payuthey</a> (2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kannathil_Muthamittal" title="Kannathil Muthamittal">Kannathil Muthamittal</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aayutha_Ezhuthu" title="Aayutha Ezhuthu">Aayutha Ezhuthu</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuva" title="Yuva">Yuva</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guru_(2007_film)" title="Guru (2007 film)">Guru</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raavan_(2010_film)" title="Raavan (2010 film)">Raavan</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raavanan_(2010_film)" title="Raavanan (2010 film)">Raavanan</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kadal_(2013_film)" title="Kadal (2013 film)">Kadal</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/O_Kadhal_Kanmani" title="O Kadhal Kanmani">O Kadhal Kanmani</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaatru_Veliyidai" title="Kaatru Veliyidai">Kaatru Veliyidai</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chekka_Chivantha_Vaanam" title="Chekka Chivantha Vaanam">Chekka Chivantha Vaanam</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ponniyin_Selvan:_I" title="Ponniyin Selvan: I">Ponniyin Selvan: I</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ponniyin_Selvan:_II" title="Ponniyin Selvan: II">Ponniyin Selvan: II</a> (2023)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thug_Life_(2025_film)" title="Thug Life (2025 film)">Thug Life</a> (2025)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Films written</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chatriyan" title="Chatriyan">Chatriyan</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaayam" title="Gaayam">Gaayam</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indira_(film)" title="Indira (film)">Indira</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taj_Mahal_(1999_film)" title="Taj Mahal (1999 film)">Taj Mahal</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dumm_Dumm_Dumm" title="Dumm Dumm Dumm">Dumm Dumm Dumm</a> (2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saathiya_(film)" title="Saathiya (film)">Saathiya</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ok_Jaanu" title="Ok Jaanu">Ok Jaanu</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaanam_Kottattum" title="Vaanam Kottattum">Vaanam Kottattum</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Putham_Pudhu_Kaalai" title="Putham Pudhu Kaalai">Putham Pudhu Kaalai</a> (2020)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Films produced</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dasarathan" title="Dasarathan">Dasarathan</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aasai" title="Aasai">Aasai</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nerrukku_Ner" title="Nerrukku Ner">Nerrukku Ner</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Five_Star_(film)" title="Five Star (film)">Five Star</a> (2002)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Television</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Navarasa_(TV_series)" title="Navarasa (TV series)">Navarasa</a> (2021)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_awards_and_nominations_received_by_Mani_Ratnam" title="List of awards and nominations received by Mani Ratnam">Accolades</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mani_Ratnam_filmography" title="Mani Ratnam filmography">Filmography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GV_Films" title="GV Films">Sujatha Films aka GV Films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aalayam_Productions" title="Aalayam Productions">Aalayam Productions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madras_Talkies" title="Madras Talkies">Madras Talkies</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Muktha_Srinivasan" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Muktha_Srinivasan" title="Template:Muktha Srinivasan"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Muktha_Srinivasan" title="Template talk:Muktha Srinivasan"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Muktha_Srinivasan" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Muktha Srinivasan"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Muktha_Srinivasan" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Muktha_Srinivasan" title="Muktha Srinivasan">Muktha Srinivasan</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">As director</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mudhalali" title="Mudhalali">Mudhalali</a> (1957)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panchaali" title="Panchaali">Panchaali</a> (1959)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naalu_Veli_Nilam" title="Naalu Veli Nilam">Naalu Veli Nilam</a> (1959)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thamarai_Kulam" title="Thamarai Kulam">Thamarai Kulam</a> (1959)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odi_Vilaiyaadu_Paapa" title="Odi Vilaiyaadu Paapa">Odi Vilaiyaadu Paapa</a> (1959)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panithirai" title="Panithirai">Panithirai</a> (1961)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idhayathil_Nee" title="Idhayathil Nee">Idhayathil Nee</a> (1963)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poojaikku_Vandha_Malar" title="Poojaikku Vandha Malar">Poojaikku Vandha Malar</a> (1965)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maganey_Kel" title="Maganey Kel">Maganey Kel</a> (1965)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thenmazhai" title="Thenmazhai">Thenmazhai</a> (1966)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ninaivil_Nindraval_(1967_film)" title="Ninaivil Nindraval (1967 film)">Ninaivil Nindraval</a> (1967)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bommalattam_(1968_film)" title="Bommalattam (1968 film)">Bommalattam</a> (1968)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aayiram_Poi" title="Aayiram Poi">Aayiram Poi</a> (1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nirai_Kudam" title="Nirai Kudam">Nirai Kudam</a> (1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arunodhayam" title="Arunodhayam">Arunodhayam</a> (1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thavapudhalavan" title="Thavapudhalavan">Thavapudhalavan</a> (1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suryagandhi" title="Suryagandhi">Suryagandhi</a> (1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anbai_Thedi" title="Anbai Thedi">Anbai Thedi</a> (1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_Paithiyam" title="Cinema Paithiyam">Cinema Paithiyam</a> (1975)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andharangam" title="Andharangam">Andharangam</a> (1975)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perum_Pugazhum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Perum Pugazhum (page does not exist)">Perum Pugazhum</a> (1976)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Balaparitchai&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Balaparitchai (page does not exist)">Balaparitchai</a> (1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andaman_Kadhali" title="Andaman Kadhali">Andaman Kadhali</a> (1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imayam" title="Imayam">Imayam</a> (1979)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sri_Ramarajyam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sri Ramarajyam (page does not exist)">Sri Ramarajyam</a> (1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avan_Aval_Adhu" title="Avan Aval Adhu">Avan Aval Adhu</a> (1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polladhavan_(1980_film)" title="Polladhavan (1980 film)">Polladhavan</a> (1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keezh_Vaanam_Sivakkum" title="Keezh Vaanam Sivakkum">Keezh Vaanam Sivakkum</a> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simla_Special" title="Simla Special">Simla Special</a> (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paritchaikku_Neramaachu" title="Paritchaikku Neramaachu">Paritchaikku Neramaachu</a> (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sivappu_Sooriyan" title="Sivappu Sooriyan">Sivappu Sooriyan</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thambathigal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thambathigal (page does not exist)">Thambathigal</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iru_Medhaigal" title="Iru Medhaigal">Iru Medhaigal</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oru_Malarin_Payanam" title="Oru Malarin Payanam">Oru Malarin Payanam</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kathanayagan_(1988_film)" title="Kathanayagan (1988 film)">Kathanayagan</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaai_Kozhuppu" title="Vaai Kozhuppu">Vaai Kozhuppu</a> (1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brahmachari_(1992_film)" title="Brahmachari (1992 film)">Brahmachari</a> (1992)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Produced only</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kodai_Mazhai" title="Kodai Mazhai">Kodai Mazhai</a> (1986)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Nayakan</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinna_Chinna_Aasaigal" title="Chinna Chinna Aasaigal">Chinna Chinna Aasaigal</a> (1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethir_Kaatru" title="Ethir Kaatru">Ethir Kaatru</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raja_Pandi" title="Raja Pandi">Raja Pandi</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kangalin_Vaarthaigal" title="Kangalin Vaarthaigal">Kangalin Vaarthaigal</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pathayeram_Kodi" title="Pathayeram Kodi">Pathayeram Kodi</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sivappu" title="Sivappu">Sivappu</a> (2015)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Screenplays only</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kodai_Mazhai" title="Kodai Mazhai">Kodai Mazhai</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinna_Chinna_Aasaigal" title="Chinna Chinna Aasaigal">Chinna Chinna Aasaigal</a> (1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethir_Kaatru" title="Ethir Kaatru">Ethir Kaatru</a> (1990)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Indian_submission_for_Academy_Award_for_Best_International_Feature_Film" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: #EEDD82"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Indian_submission_for_Academy_Awards" title="Template:Indian submission for Academy Awards"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Indian_submission_for_Academy_Awards" title="Template talk:Indian submission for Academy Awards"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Indian_submission_for_Academy_Awards" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Indian submission for Academy Awards"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Indian_submission_for_Academy_Award_for_Best_International_Feature_Film" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_submissions_for_the_Academy_Award_for_Best_International_Feature_Film" title="List of Indian submissions for the Academy Award for Best International Feature Film">Indian submission</a> for <a href="/wiki/Academy_Awards" title="Academy Awards">Academy Award</a> for <a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_International_Feature_Film" title="Academy Award for Best International Feature Film">Best International Feature Film</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EEDD82;width:1%">1957–1980</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mother_India" title="Mother India">Mother India</a> (1957)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madhumati" title="Madhumati">Madhumati</a> (1958)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_World_of_Apu" title="The World of Apu">The World of Apu</a> (1959)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sahib_Bibi_Aur_Ghulam" title="Sahib Bibi Aur Ghulam">Sahib Bibi Aur Ghulam</a> (1962)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahanagar" title="Mahanagar">Mahanagar</a> (1963)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guide_(film)" title="Guide (film)">Guide</a> (1965)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amrapali_(film)" title="Amrapali (film)">Amrapali</a> (1966)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aakhri_Khat" title="Aakhri Khat">Aakhri Khat</a> (1967)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Majhli_Didi" title="Majhli Didi">Majhli Didi</a> (1968)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deiva_Magan" title="Deiva Magan">Deiva Magan</a> (1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reshma_Aur_Shera" title="Reshma Aur Shera">Reshma Aur Shera</a> (1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uphaar" title="Uphaar">Uphaar</a> (1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saudagar_(1973_film)" title="Saudagar (1973 film)">Saudagar</a> (1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garm_Hava" title="Garm Hava">Garm Hava</a> (1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manthan" title="Manthan">Manthan</a> (1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Chess_Players_(film)" title="The Chess Players (film)">The Chess Players</a> (1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Payal_Ki_Jhankaar" title="Payal Ki Jhankaar">Payal Ki Jhankaar</a> (1980)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EEDD82;width:1%">1981–2000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saaransh" title="Saaransh">Saaransh</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saagar_(film)" title="Saagar (film)">Saagar</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swathi_Muthyam" title="Swathi Muthyam">Swathi Muthyam</a> (1986)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Nayakan</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salaam_Bombay!" title="Salaam Bombay!">Salaam Bombay!</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parinda" title="Parinda">Parinda</a> (1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anjali_(1990_film)" title="Anjali (1990 film)">Anjali</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henna_(film)" title="Henna (film)">Henna</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thevar_Magan" title="Thevar Magan">Thevar Magan</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudaali" title="Rudaali">Rudaali</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/In_Custody_(film)" title="In Custody (film)">In Custody</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuruthipunal_(film)" title="Kuruthipunal (film)">Kuruthipunal</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_(1996_film)" title="Indian (1996 film)">Indian</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guru_(1997_film)" title="Guru (1997 film)">Guru</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeans_(film)" title="Jeans (film)">Jeans</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earth_(1998_film)" title="Earth (1998 film)">Earth</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hey_Ram" title="Hey Ram">Hey Ram</a> (2000)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EEDD82;width:1%">2001–2020</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lagaan" title="Lagaan">Lagaan</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devdas_(2002_Hindi_film)" title="Devdas (2002 Hindi film)">Devdas</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shwaas" title="Shwaas">Shwaas</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paheli_(2005_film)" title="Paheli (2005 film)">Paheli</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rang_De_Basanti" title="Rang De Basanti">Rang De Basanti</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eklavya:_The_Royal_Guard" title="Eklavya: The Royal Guard">Eklavya: The Royal Guard</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taare_Zameen_Par" title="Taare Zameen Par">Taare Zameen Par</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harishchandrachi_Factory" title="Harishchandrachi Factory">Harishchandrachi Factory</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peepli_Live" title="Peepli Live">Peepli Live</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adaminte_Makan_Abu" title="Adaminte Makan Abu">Adaminte Makan Abu</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barfi!" title="Barfi!">Barfi!</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Good_Road" title="The Good Road">The Good Road</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liar%27s_Dice_(film)" title="Liar's Dice (film)">Liar's Dice</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Court_(film)" title="Court (film)">Court</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visaranai" title="Visaranai">Visaranai</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newton_(film)" title="Newton (film)">Newton</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Village_Rockstars" title="Village Rockstars">Village Rockstars</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gully_Boy" title="Gully Boy">Gully Boy</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jallikattu_(2019_film)" title="Jallikattu (2019 film)">Jallikattu</a> (2020)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EEDD82;width:1%">2021–present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pebbles_(film)" title="Pebbles (film)">Pebbles</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chhello_Show" class="mw-redirect" title="Chhello Show">Last Film Show</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_(film)" title="2018 (film)">2018</a> (2023)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laapataa_Ladies" title="Laapataa Ladies">Laapataa Ladies</a> (2024)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3181879#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img 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width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nayakan&oldid=1257934950">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nayakan&oldid=1257934950</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1987_films" title="Category:1987 films">1987 films</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1980s_gangster_films" title="Category:1980s gangster films">1980s gangster films</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1980s_Indian_films" title="Category:1980s Indian films">1980s Indian films</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1980s_Tamil-language_films" title="Category:1980s Tamil-language films">1980s Tamil-language films</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1987_crime_drama_films" title="Category:1987 crime drama films">1987 crime drama films</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Fictional_portrayals_of_the_Maharashtra_Police" title="Category:Fictional portrayals of the Maharashtra Police">Fictional portrayals of the Maharashtra Police</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Films_about_organised_crime_in_India" title="Category:Films about organised crime in India">Films about organised crime in India</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Films_directed_by_Mani_Ratnam" title="Category:Films directed by Mani Ratnam">Films directed by Mani Ratnam</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Films_featuring_a_Best_Actor_National_Award%E2%80%93winning_performance" title="Category:Films featuring a Best Actor National Award–winning performance">Films featuring a Best Actor National Award–winning performance</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Films_scored_by_Ilaiyaraaja" title="Category:Films scored by Ilaiyaraaja">Films scored by Ilaiyaraaja</a></li><li><a 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