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Since C-14 dates of 48-32,000 BP were reported in a Nature article (Guidon and Delibrias 1986), the site’s Paleoindian components have been highly" /> <meta name="twitter:image" content="https://0.academia-photos.com/984649/4446487/5154900/s200_fabio.parenti.jpg" /> <meta property="fb:app_id" content="2369844204" /> <meta property="og:type" content="article" /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://www.academia.edu/8264583/Pedra_Furada_Brazil_Paleoindians_Paintings_and_Paradoxes" /> <meta property="og:title" content="Pedra Furada, Brazil: Paleoindians, Paintings, and Paradoxes" /> <meta property="og:image" content="http://a.academia-assets.com/images/open-graph-icons/fb-paper.gif" /> <meta property="og:description" content="Pedra Furada in northeastern Brazil represents possibly the oldest known human site in the Americas. Since C-14 dates of 48-32,000 BP were reported in a Nature article (Guidon and Delibrias 1986), the site’s Paleoindian components have been highly" /> <meta property="article:author" content="https://ufpr.academia.edu/FabioParenti" /> <meta property="article:author" content="https://independent.academia.edu/APessis" /> <meta name="description" content="Pedra Furada in northeastern Brazil represents possibly the oldest known human site in the Americas. Since C-14 dates of 48-32,000 BP were reported in a Nature article (Guidon and Delibrias 1986), the site’s Paleoindian components have been highly" /> <title>(PDF) Pedra Furada, Brazil: Paleoindians, Paintings, and Paradoxes | Fabio Parenti and A. 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Since C-14 dates of 48-32,000 BP were reported in a Nature article (Guidon and Delibrias 1986), the site’s Paleoindian components have been highly controversial, challenged (though not refuted) by many North American researchers (e.g. Meltzer, Adovasio, and Dillehay 1994). Yet the site has solid evidence of non-Clovis, Paleoindian occupations including human remains, plus a unique rock painting tradition from at least 12,000-6,000 BP. In March, 2002, Athena Review (AR) asked archaeologist Niède Guidon and her colleagues to explain the current status of the findings, including both Paleoindian skeletal and subsistence remains, and the abundant rock paintings at Serra da Capivara National Park, which contains Pedra Furada (figs.1,2). Much of the interview is given here (for full text, see printed issue of AR, V3, no.2)","author":[{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Person","name":"Fabio Parenti"},{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Person","name":"A. 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Since C-14 dates of 48-32,000 BP\nwere reported in a Nature article (Guidon and Delibrias 1986), the site’s Paleoindian components have been highly controversial, challenged (though not refuted) by many North American researchers (e.g. Meltzer, Adovasio, and Dillehay 1994). Yet the site has solid\nevidence of non-Clovis, Paleoindian occupations including human remains, plus a unique rock painting tradition from at least 12,000-6,000 BP. In March, 2002, Athena Review (AR) asked archaeologist Niède Guidon and her colleagues to explain the current status of the findings, including both Paleoindian skeletal and subsistence remains, and the abundant rock paintings at Serra da Capivara National\nPark, which contains Pedra Furada (figs.1,2). Much of the interview is given here (for full text, see printed issue of AR, V3, no.2)"},"document_type":"paper","pre_hit_view_count_baseline":null,"quality":"high","language":"en","title":"Pedra Furada, Brazil: Paleoindians, Paintings, and Paradoxes","broadcastable":true,"draft":null,"has_indexable_attachment":true,"indexable":true}}["work"]; window.loswp.workCoauthors = [60578191,984649]; window.loswp.locale = "en"; window.loswp.countryCode = "SG"; window.loswp.cwvAbTestBucket = ""; window.loswp.designVariant = "ds_vanilla"; window.loswp.fullPageMobileSutdModalVariant = "control"; window.loswp.useOptimizedScribd4genScript = false; window.loswp.appleClientId = 'edu.academia.applesignon';</script><script defer="" src="https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client"></script><div class="ds-loswp-container"><div class="ds-work-card--grid-container"><div class="ds-work-card--container js-loswp-work-card"><div class="ds-work-card--cover"><div class="ds-work-cover--wrapper"><div class="ds-work-cover--container"><button class="ds-work-cover--clickable js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"swp-splash-paper-cover","attachmentId":34682210,"attachmentType":"pdf"}"><img alt="First page of “Pedra Furada, Brazil: Paleoindians, Paintings, and Paradoxes”" class="ds-work-cover--cover-thumbnail" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/34682210/mini_magick20190321-22791-ncaui2.png?1553200141" /><img alt="PDF Icon" class="ds-work-cover--file-icon" src="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/single_work_splash/adobe.icon-574afd46eb6b03a77a153a647fb47e30546f9215c0ee6a25df597a779717f9ef.svg" /><div class="ds-work-cover--hover-container"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span><p>Download Free PDF</p></div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-container">Download Free PDF</div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-triangle"></div></button></div></div></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-information"><h1 class="ds-work-card--work-title">Pedra Furada, Brazil: Paleoindians, Paintings, and Paradoxes</h1><div class="ds-work-card--work-authors ds-work-card--detail"><a class="ds-work-card--author js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="60578191" href="https://independent.academia.edu/APessis"><img alt="Profile image of A. Pessis" class="ds-work-card--author-avatar" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/s65_no_pic.png" />A. Pessis</a><a class="ds-work-card--author js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="984649" href="https://ufpr.academia.edu/FabioParenti"><img alt="Profile image of Fabio Parenti" class="ds-work-card--author-avatar" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/984649/4446487/5154900/s65_fabio.parenti.jpg" />Fabio Parenti</a></div><p class="ds-work-card--work-abstract ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-md">Pedra Furada in northeastern Brazil represents possibly the oldest known human site in the Americas. Since C-14 dates of 48-32,000 BP were reported in a Nature article (Guidon and Delibrias 1986), the site’s Paleoindian components have been highly controversial, challenged (though not refuted) by many North American researchers (e.g. Meltzer, Adovasio, and Dillehay 1994). Yet the site has solid evidence of non-Clovis, Paleoindian occupations including human remains, plus a unique rock painting tradition from at least 12,000-6,000 BP. In March, 2002, Athena Review (AR) asked archaeologist Niède Guidon and her colleagues to explain the current status of the findings, including both Paleoindian skeletal and subsistence remains, and the abundant rock paintings at Serra da Capivara National Park, which contains Pedra Furada (figs.1,2). Much of the interview is given here (for full text, see printed issue of AR, V3, no.2)</p><div class="ds-work-card--button-container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--work-card","attachmentId":34682210,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/8264583/Pedra_Furada_Brazil_Paleoindians_Paintings_and_Paradoxes"}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--work-card","attachmentId":34682210,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/8264583/Pedra_Furada_Brazil_Paleoindians_Paintings_and_Paradoxes"}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div></div><div data-auto_select="false" data-client_id="331998490334-rsn3chp12mbkiqhl6e7lu2q0mlbu0f1b" data-doc_id="34682210" data-landing_url="https://www.academia.edu/8264583/Pedra_Furada_Brazil_Paleoindians_Paintings_and_Paradoxes" data-login_uri="https://www.academia.edu/registrations/google_one_tap" data-moment_callback="onGoogleOneTapEvent" id="g_id_onload"></div><div class="ds-top-related-works--grid-container"><div class="ds-related-content--container ds-top-related-works--container"><h2 class="ds-related-content--heading">Related papers</h2><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="0" data-entity-id="69285231" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/69285231/On_a_Pleistocene_human_occupation_at_Pedra_Furada_Brazil">On a Pleistocene human occupation at Pedra Furada, Brazil</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="9800425" href="https://independent.academia.edu/TomDillehay">Tom Dillehay</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Antiquity</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The last decades of fieldwork have not decisively upset the long-held view that the settlement of the Americas occurred in the very latest Pleistocene, as marked in North America by the Clovis archaeological horizon at about 11,200 years ago, and by a variety of contemporaneous South American industries. Yet there are several sites that may prove to be older, among them Pedra Furada, in the thorn forest of northeastern Brazil, a large and remarkable rock-shelter, whose Pleistocene deposits have been interpreted as containing clear evidence of human occupation. This paper offers a considered view of Pedra Furada from three archaeologists with a wide range of experiences in sites of all ages in the Americas and elsewhere, but who also share a special interest and expertise in the issues Pedra Furada has raised: Meltzer from long study of the peopling of the Americas and the frame of thinking within which we address that issue (Meltzer 1993a; 1993b); Adovasio from his intensive excavat...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"On a Pleistocene human occupation at Pedra Furada, Brazil","attachmentId":79439544,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/69285231/On_a_Pleistocene_human_occupation_at_Pedra_Furada_Brazil","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/69285231/On_a_Pleistocene_human_occupation_at_Pedra_Furada_Brazil"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="1" data-entity-id="21682917" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/21682917/A_new_late_Pleistocene_archaeological_sequence_in_South_America_the_Vale_da_Pedra_Furada_Piau%C3%AD_Brazil_">A new late Pleistocene archaeological sequence in South America: the Vale da Pedra Furada (Piauí, Brazil)</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="3426775" href="https://u-bordeaux3.academia.edu/ChristelleLahaye">Christelle Lahaye</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Antiquity, 2014</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"A new late Pleistocene archaeological sequence in South America: the Vale da Pedra Furada (Piauí, Brazil)","attachmentId":42374625,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/21682917/A_new_late_Pleistocene_archaeological_sequence_in_South_America_the_Vale_da_Pedra_Furada_Piau%C3%AD_Brazil_","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/21682917/A_new_late_Pleistocene_archaeological_sequence_in_South_America_the_Vale_da_Pedra_Furada_Piau%C3%AD_Brazil_"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="2" data-entity-id="5521822" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/5521822/A_revised_chronology_of_the_lowest_occupation_layer_of_Pedra_Furada_Rock_Shelter_Piau_%C4%B1_Brazil_The_Pleistocene_peopling_of_the_Americas_Santos_et_al_2003_">A revised chronology of the lowest occupation layer of Pedra Furada Rock Shelter, Piau!ı, Brazil: The Pleistocene peopling of the Americas. Santos et al. (2003)</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="1798194" href="https://independent.academia.edu/CharlieHatchett">Charlie Hatchett</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"A revised chronology of the lowest occupation layer of Pedra Furada Rock Shelter, Piau!ı, Brazil: The Pleistocene peopling of the Americas. Santos et al. (2003)","attachmentId":32624189,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/5521822/A_revised_chronology_of_the_lowest_occupation_layer_of_Pedra_Furada_Rock_Shelter_Piau_%C4%B1_Brazil_The_Pleistocene_peopling_of_the_Americas_Santos_et_al_2003_","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/5521822/A_revised_chronology_of_the_lowest_occupation_layer_of_Pedra_Furada_Rock_Shelter_Piau_%C4%B1_Brazil_The_Pleistocene_peopling_of_the_Americas_Santos_et_al_2003_"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="3" data-entity-id="27223075" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/27223075/Final_Pleistocene_and_Early_Holocene_at_Sitio_do_Meio_Piau%C3%AD_Brazil_stratigraphy_and_comparison_with_Pedra_Furada">Final Pleistocene and Early Holocene at Sitio do Meio, Piauí - Brazil: stratigraphy and comparison with Pedra Furada</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="8526576" href="https://independent.academia.edu/LeidianaMota">Leidiana Mota</a><span>, </span><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="53717235" href="https://univaq.academia.edu/GiuliaAimola">Giulia Aimola</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Journal of Lithic Studies, 2014</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Final Pleistocene and Early Holocene at Sitio do Meio, Piauí - Brazil: stratigraphy and comparison with Pedra Furada","attachmentId":47480475,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/27223075/Final_Pleistocene_and_Early_Holocene_at_Sitio_do_Meio_Piau%C3%AD_Brazil_stratigraphy_and_comparison_with_Pedra_Furada","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/27223075/Final_Pleistocene_and_Early_Holocene_at_Sitio_do_Meio_Piau%C3%AD_Brazil_stratigraphy_and_comparison_with_Pedra_Furada"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="4" data-entity-id="10991450" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/10991450/A_revised_chronology_of_the_lowest_occupation_layer_of_Pedra_Furada_Rock_Shelter_Piau%C4%B1_Brazil_the_Pleistocene_peopling_of_the_Americas">A revised chronology of the lowest occupation layer of Pedra Furada Rock Shelter, Piauı́, Brazil: the Pleistocene peopling of the Americas</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="26621306" href="https://independent.academia.edu/Ni%C3%A9deGuidon">Niéde Guidon</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Quaternary Science Reviews, 2003</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The present work revisits the chronology of the archaeologically controversial Pedra Furada Rock Shelter of Southeast Piauı́, Brazil, using an improved radiocarbon laboratory pre-treatment and measurements on charcoal samples. The procedure, known as ABOX-SC (acid–base–wet oxidation followed by stepped combustion), has previously been used to secure radiocarbon dates of >40 ka for the antiquity of human occupation of Australia and South Africa, and now has been applied to charcoal from the previously dated oldest occupation layer of the Pedra Furada site. Previous radiocarbon dating had obtained only lower limits of 40–45 ka BP for the Pedra Furada basal layer. Nine charcoal samples from well-structured hearths were subjected to the ABOX-SC procedure and their radiocarbon content determined by accelerator mass spectrometry. Measurements on five of the samples returned ages of greater than 56 ka BP, from graphites produced from ABOX pre-treated charcoal combusted at 910°C. Two other samples were greater than 50 ka BP. The remaining two samples were essentially completely combusted at 650°C, with no material surviving to make a 910°C CO2 fraction. Their ages were 41.3 and 47.2 ka BP. Ages obtained from graphites generated from the 650°C combusted fraction are considered minimum ages.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"A revised chronology of the lowest occupation layer of Pedra Furada Rock Shelter, Piauı́, Brazil: the Pleistocene peopling of the Americas","attachmentId":46980378,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/10991450/A_revised_chronology_of_the_lowest_occupation_layer_of_Pedra_Furada_Rock_Shelter_Piau%C4%B1_Brazil_the_Pleistocene_peopling_of_the_Americas","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/10991450/A_revised_chronology_of_the_lowest_occupation_layer_of_Pedra_Furada_Rock_Shelter_Piau%C4%B1_Brazil_the_Pleistocene_peopling_of_the_Americas"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="5" data-entity-id="42857286" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/42857286/Debate_A_new_late_Pleistocene_archaeological_sequence_in_South_America_the_Vale_da_Pedra_Furada_Piau%C3%AD_Brazil">Debate A new late Pleistocene archaeological sequence in South America: the Vale da Pedra Furada (Piauí, Brazil</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="3426775" href="https://u-bordeaux3.academia.edu/ChristelleLahaye">Christelle Lahaye</a><span>, </span><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="2646636" href="https://u-paris1.academia.edu/AmelieDaCosta">Amelie Da Costa</a><span>, </span><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="27974089" href="https://independent.academia.edu/ericBoeda">eric Boeda</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Antiquity, 2014</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Debate A new late Pleistocene archaeological sequence in South America: the Vale da Pedra Furada (Piauí, Brazil","attachmentId":63095223,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/42857286/Debate_A_new_late_Pleistocene_archaeological_sequence_in_South_America_the_Vale_da_Pedra_Furada_Piau%C3%AD_Brazil","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/42857286/Debate_A_new_late_Pleistocene_archaeological_sequence_in_South_America_the_Vale_da_Pedra_Furada_Piau%C3%AD_Brazil"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="6" data-entity-id="2393861" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/2393861/Lagoa_Santa_Revisited_An_Overview_of_the_Chronology_Subsistence_and_Material_Culture_of_Paleoindian_Sites_in_Eastern_Central_Brazil">Lagoa Santa Revisited: An Overview of the Chronology, Subsistence, and Material Culture of Paleoindian Sites in Eastern Central Brazil</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="5591651" href="https://scientiaconsultoria.academia.edu/RenatoKipnis">Renato Kipnis</a><span>, </span><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="197223" href="https://usp-br.academia.edu/AstolfoAraujo">Astolfo Araujo</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Latin American Antiquity, vol. 23, no. 4, pgs 533-550., 2012</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Lagoa Santa, a karstic area in eastern Central Brazil, has been subject to research on human paleontology and archaeology for 175 years. Almost 300 Paleoindian human skeletons have been found since Danish naturalist Peter Lund's pioneering work. Even so, some critical issues such as the role of rockshelters in settlement systems, and the possible paleoclimatic implications of the peopling of the region have yet to be addressed. We present some results obtained from recent excavations at four rockshelters and two open-air sites, new dates for human Paleoindian skeletons, and a model to explain the cultural patterns observed so far. It is also argued that the Paleoindian subsistence system at Lagoa Santa was similar to other locations in South America: generalized small-game hunting complemented by fruits, seed, and root gathering.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Lagoa Santa Revisited: An Overview of the Chronology, Subsistence, and Material Culture of Paleoindian Sites in Eastern Central Brazil","attachmentId":32391032,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/2393861/Lagoa_Santa_Revisited_An_Overview_of_the_Chronology_Subsistence_and_Material_Culture_of_Paleoindian_Sites_in_Eastern_Central_Brazil","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/2393861/Lagoa_Santa_Revisited_An_Overview_of_the_Chronology_Subsistence_and_Material_Culture_of_Paleoindian_Sites_in_Eastern_Central_Brazil"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="2471917" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/2471917/Rock_Art_at_the_Pleistocene_Holocene_Boundary_in_Eastern_South_America">Rock Art at the Pleistocene/Holocene Boundary in Eastern South America</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="2024690" href="https://furg.academia.edu/DaniloBernardo">Danilo V Bernardo</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">PloS one, 2012</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Rock Art at the Pleistocene/Holocene Boundary in Eastern South America","attachmentId":31002510,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/2471917/Rock_Art_at_the_Pleistocene_Holocene_Boundary_in_Eastern_South_America","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/2471917/Rock_Art_at_the_Pleistocene_Holocene_Boundary_in_Eastern_South_America"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="94796639" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/94796639/Genesis_and_taphonomy_of_the_archaeological_layers_of_Pedra_Furada_rock_shelter_Brazil">Genesis and taphonomy of the archaeological layers of Pedra Furada rock-shelter, Brazil</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="984649" href="https://ufpr.academia.edu/FabioParenti">Fabio Parenti</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Quaternaire, 2018</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Genesis and taphonomy of the archaeological layers of Pedra Furada rock-shelter, Brazil","attachmentId":97155444,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/94796639/Genesis_and_taphonomy_of_the_archaeological_layers_of_Pedra_Furada_rock_shelter_Brazil","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/94796639/Genesis_and_taphonomy_of_the_archaeological_layers_of_Pedra_Furada_rock_shelter_Brazil"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="9" data-entity-id="47505336" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/47505336/Lapa_das_Boleiras_Rockshelter_Geoarchaeological_and_paleoenvironmental_aspects_of_a_Paleoamerican_site_in_the_Lagoa_Santa_Region_Brazil">Lapa das Boleiras Rockshelter: Geoarchaeological and paleoenvironmental aspects of a Paleoamerican site in the Lagoa Santa Region, Brazil</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="197223" href="https://usp-br.academia.edu/AstolfoAraujo">Astolfo Araujo</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Lapa das Boleiras Rockshelter: Geoarchaeological and paleoenvironmental aspects of a Paleoamerican site in the Lagoa Santa Region, Brazil","attachmentId":66563518,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/47505336/Lapa_das_Boleiras_Rockshelter_Geoarchaeological_and_paleoenvironmental_aspects_of_a_Paleoamerican_site_in_the_Lagoa_Santa_Region_Brazil","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/47505336/Lapa_das_Boleiras_Rockshelter_Geoarchaeological_and_paleoenvironmental_aspects_of_a_Paleoamerican_site_in_the_Lagoa_Santa_Region_Brazil"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--wrapper js-loswp-sticky-ctas hidden"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--grid-container"><div 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