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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">flytta till sidofältet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">dölj</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Inledning</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Polerna" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Polerna"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Polerna</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Polerna-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Utforskning" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Utforskning"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Utforskning</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Utforskning-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Se_även" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Se_även"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Se även</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Se_även-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Källor" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Källor"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Källor</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Källor-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Växla underavsnittet Källor</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Källor-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Fotnoter" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fotnoter"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Fotnoter</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fotnoter-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Externa_länkar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Externa_länkar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Externa länkar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Externa_länkar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Innehåll" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Innehållsförteckning" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Växla innehållsförteckningen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Växla innehållsförteckningen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Vatten på Mars</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Gå till en artikel på ett annat språk. Tillgänglig på 29 språk" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-29" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">29 språk</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%87_%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AE" title="المياه على المريخ – arabiska" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="المياه على المريخ" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AE%D8%AF%D9%87_%D8%B3%D9%88_%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%BA%DB%8C" title="مریخده سو وارلیغی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="مریخده سو وارلیغی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%99%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%B2_%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%B9%E0%A7%87_%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%B2" title="মঙ্গল গ্রহে জল – bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="মঙ্গল গ্রহে জল" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%96%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B0" title="Гідрасфера Марса – belarusiska" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Гідрасфера Марса" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarusiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aigua_a_Mart" title="Aigua a Mart – katalanska" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Aigua a Mart" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="utmärkt artikel"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voda_na_Marsu" title="Voda na Marsu – tjeckiska" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Voda na Marsu" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tjeckiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9D%CE%B5%CF%81%CF%8C_%CF%83%CF%84%CE%BF%CE%BD_%CE%86%CF%81%CE%B7" title="Νερό στον Άρη – grekiska" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Νερό στον Άρη" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grekiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_on_Mars" title="Water on Mars – engelska" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Water on Mars" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engelska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presencia_de_agua_en_Marte" title="Presencia de agua en Marte – spanska" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Presencia de agua en Marte" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ura_Marten" title="Ura Marten – baskiska" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Ura Marten" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%A8_%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D9%85%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AE" title="آب در مریخ – persiska" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="آب در مریخ" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eau_sur_Mars" title="Eau sur Mars – franska" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Eau sur Mars" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="franska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%BD%D5%AB_%D5%B0%D5%AB%D5%A4%D6%80%D5%B8%D5%BD%D6%86%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%A1" title="Մարսի հիդրոսֆերա – armeniska" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Մարսի հիդրոսֆերա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeniska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%B2" title="मंगल पर जल – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="मंगल पर जल" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_di_Mars" title="Air di Mars – indonesiska" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Air di Mars" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aqua_planetae_Martis" title="Aqua planetae Martis – latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Aqua planetae Martis" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81" title="Вода на Марс – makedonska" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Вода на Марс" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedonska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AE_%D8%A7%D9%8F%D8%AA%DB%92_%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C" title="مریخ اُتے پانی – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="مریخ اُتے پانی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81gua_em_Marte" title="Água em Marte – portugisiska" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Água em Marte" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugisiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B8%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B0" title="Гидросфера Марса – ryska" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Гидросфера Марса" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ryska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-skr mw-list-item"><a href="https://skr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AE_%D8%AA%DB%92_%D9%BE%D8%A7%DD%A8%DB%8C_%D8%AF%D8%A7_%D9%88%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%AF" title="مریخ تے پاݨی دا وجود – Saraiki" lang="skr" hreflang="skr" data-title="مریخ تے پاݨی دا وجود" data-language-autonym="سرائیکی" data-language-local-name="Saraiki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سرائیکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_on_Mars" title="Water on Mars – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Water on Mars" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="bra artikel"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voda_na_Marse" title="Voda na Marse – slovakiska" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Voda na Marse" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovakiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%D8%A7%D9%88_%D9%84%DB%95%D8%B3%DB%95%D8%B1_%D9%85%DB%95%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AE" title="ئاو لەسەر مەریخ – centralkurdiska" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئاو لەسەر مەریخ" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="centralkurdiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B3%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3" title="น้ำบนดาวอังคาร – thailändska" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="น้ำบนดาวอังคาร" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thailändska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%96" title="Вода на Марсі – ukrainska" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Вода на Марсі" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="utmärkt artikel"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AE_%D9%BE%D8%B1_%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C" title="مریخ پر پانی – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="مریخ پر پانی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Bc_tr%C3%AAn_Sao_H%E1%BB%8Fa" title="Nước trên Sao Hỏa – vietnamesiska" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Nước trên Sao Hỏa" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%81%AB%E6%98%9F%E6%B0%B4%E6%96%87" title="火星水文 – kinesiska" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="火星水文" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="kinesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1985733#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Redigera interwikilänkar" class="wbc-editpage">Redigera länkar</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namnrymder"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Vatten_p%C3%A5_Mars" title="Visa innehållssidan [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artikel</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a 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vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Utseende</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">flytta till sidofältet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">dölj</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Från Wikipedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="sv" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:AncientMars.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/AncientMars.jpg/250px-AncientMars.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="250" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/AncientMars.jpg/375px-AncientMars.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/AncientMars.jpg/500px-AncientMars.jpg 2x" data-file-width="8828" data-file-height="8828" /></a><figcaption>En konstnärs bild av hur Mars kan ha sett ut i sin tidiga historia när stora mängder flytande vatten anses ha bildat hav över ytan.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Vatten på Mars</b> är beteckningen på alla former av <a href="/wiki/Vatten" title="Vatten">vatten</a> på planeten <a href="/wiki/Mars_(planet)" title="Mars (planet)">Mars</a>. Jämfört med <a href="/wiki/Jorden" title="Jorden">jorden</a> har Mars väsentligt mindre vatten i alla tre faser. Huvuddelen av vattnet på Mars finns i <a href="/wiki/Kryosf%C3%A4ren" title="Kryosfären">kryosfären</a>, det vill säga i form av <a href="/w/index.php?title=Iskalott&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Iskalott [inte skriven än]">iskalotter</a> vid polerna samt <a href="/wiki/Permafrost" title="Permafrost">permafrost</a> i marken. Endast små mängder flytande vatten finns på Mars yta och mycket lite <a href="/wiki/Vatten%C3%A5nga" title="Vattenånga">vattenånga</a> finns i den tunna atmosfären. </p><p>Nuvarande <a href="/wiki/Klimat" title="Klimat">klimat</a> på Mars tillåter inte att vatten befinner sig i flytande tillstånd vid ytan under längre perioder. Det låga <a href="/wiki/Lufttryck" title="Lufttryck">lufttrycket</a> och <a href="/wiki/Temperatur" title="Temperatur">temperaturen</a> gör att is direkt <a href="/wiki/Sublimering" title="Sublimering">sublimerar</a> till vattenånga utan att först vara flytande. Tidigt i Mars historia anses dock förhållandena ha varit andra och flytande vatten täckte i så fall stora delar av planeten i form av hav. Frågan var detta vatten nu finns är till stor del fortfarande obesvarad, men den största delen tros ha förlorats ut i rymden på grund av <a href="/wiki/Solvind" title="Solvind">solvinden</a>. Mycket tyder dock på att ansenliga mängder vatten fortfarande finns kvar i berggrunden. </p><p>Frågan om vatten på Mars har länge ansetts vara intressant eftersom vatten såvitt man vet är en förutsättning för liv och bidrar till viktiga geologiska förlopp. </p><p>2015 kunde forskare, bland annat från <a href="/wiki/Lule%C3%A5_tekniska_universitet" title="Luleå tekniska universitet">Luleå tekniska universitet</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, bevisa att det finns ett vattenkretslopp på planeten. Tunna lager av flytande saltlösningar bildas i marken på Mars för att sedan avdunsta under natten. Resultatet<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> tyder på ett aktivt utbyte av vatten mellan Mars atmosfär och yta. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Polerna">Polerna</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vatten_p%C3%A5_Mars&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Redigera avsnitt: Polerna" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vatten_p%C3%A5_Mars&action=edit&section=1" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Polerna"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Norra polens högland <a href="/w/index.php?title=Planum_Boreum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Planum Boreum [inte skriven än]">Planum Boreum</a>, utsträcks till 80°N . Den omges av <a href="/wiki/Vastitas_Borealis" title="Vastitas Borealis">Vastitas Borealis</a>, norra polens lågland. Höglandet tros ha cirka 1,2 miljoner kubikkilometer is, utsträckt 600 km från polen. Själva landskapet är format av vindar. Ju längre mot norr desto mer koldioxidis finns det. </p><p>Södra polen, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Planum_Australe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Planum Australe [inte skriven än]">Planum Australe</a>, tros ha ett 3 km tjockt istäcke. De delar som är lättast att studera eftersom de reflektera mest är de stora delarna med 85 % koldioxidis och 15 % vatten-is. Området sträcker sig 100 km från polen. Kring ekvatorn finns ej mer än 2 - 10 % vatten i skorpan. Det vattnet tros dock vara låst i förening med andra mineraler. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Utforskning">Utforskning</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vatten_p%C3%A5_Mars&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Redigera avsnitt: Utforskning" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vatten_p%C3%A5_Mars&action=edit&section=2" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Utforskning"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>(I den ordning de skickades iväg, inom parentes när de landat) </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mariner_9" title="Mariner 9">Mariner 9</a> (1971) Hittade flodfåror. Hittade erosion orsakad av vatten och deposition, väderfronter, dimma, och liknande.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vikingprogrammet" title="Vikingprogrammet">Vikingprogrammet</a> (1976–1982) Hade med sig en Kromatograf-mass <a href="/wiki/Spektrometer" title="Spektrometer">spektrometer</a>, som hittade vatten<a href="/wiki/Molekyler" class="mw-redirect" title="Molekyler">molekyler</a>. Som mest innehöll dessa prover till 1 % vatten. Andra kemikalier var sådana att de kunde kommit från avdunstande vatten, och oxiderande processer.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_Global_Surveyor" title="Mars Global Surveyor">Mars Global Surveyor</a> (2006) Hade en <i>Thermal Emission Spectrometer</i> (TES), en värmeutstrålningsspektrometer som kunde identifiera <a href="/wiki/Bergart" title="Bergart">bergarter</a> som är bildade av <a href="/wiki/Vatten" title="Vatten">vatten</a>. Dessutom kunde en kamera ta foton av en dalgång som visade spår av vattenflöden.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_Pathfinder" title="Mars Pathfinder">Mars Pathfinder</a> (1997) Lyckades visa att skyn var <a href="/wiki/Rosa_(f%C3%A4rg)" title="Rosa (färg)">rosa</a> och hade <a href="/wiki/Moln" title="Moln">moln</a>, kanske även dimmor. Landade där det var för kallt för flytande vatten, men kunde visa att det hade funnits en tid när planeten hade haft annat klimat.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_Odyssey" title="Mars Odyssey">Mars Odyssey</a> (2003) Kunde visa på små bundna mängder vatten i skorpan. Kring södra polen visade data att det kunde finnas olika lager av mineral och ämnen. Ett av dessa skulle då ha varit vatten-is. Foton visade återigen att det fanns dalar med <a href="/wiki/Erosion" title="Erosion">erosion</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_Express" title="Mars Express">Mars Express</a> (2003) I december 2018 avslöjade foton att det finns is av vatten i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Korolevkratern&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Korolevkratern [inte skriven än]">Korolevkratern</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phoenix_(rymdsond)" title="Phoenix (rymdsond)">Phoenix</a> 2008 När den värmde upp ett prov, kunde den detektera flytande vatten. Den kunde även visa att stenar som låg på marken hade hål omkring sig som när bland annat vatten expanderar vid temperaturökningar. Man kunde även visa att molnen bildades vid temperaturer som tyder på vattenmoln, istället för koldioxiddimma. Det fanns även <a href="/wiki/Perklorat" title="Perklorat">perklorat</a>, vilket blandat med vatten sänker vattnets smältpunkt.</li> <li>Mars Rovers Hittade bland annat salter, som på jorden finns i varma källor där det hjälper liv.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_Reconnaissance_Orbiter" title="Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter">Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter</a> Hittade bland annat varma källor. Försökte ta reda på vad de olika lagren på planeten kom sig av och hur de fungerade. Kunde visa på förekomst av lera.</li> <li>Den <a href="/wiki/28_september" title="28 september">28 september</a> <a href="/wiki/Vetenskaps%C3%A5ret_2015#Astronomi_och_rymdfart" title="Vetenskapsåret 2015">2015</a> meddelade <a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a> att flytande vatten med största sannolikhet fortfarande finns på Mars.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Se_även"><span id="Se_.C3.A4ven"></span>Se även</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vatten_p%C3%A5_Mars&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Redigera avsnitt: Se även" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vatten_p%C3%A5_Mars&action=edit&section=3" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Se även"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kolonisering_av_Mars" title="Kolonisering av Mars">Kolonisering av Mars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanaler_p%C3%A5_Mars" title="Kanaler på Mars">Kanaler på Mars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liv_p%C3%A5_Mars" title="Liv på Mars">Liv på Mars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatten_p%C3%A5_m%C3%A5nen" title="Vatten på månen">Vatten på månen</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Källor"><span id="K.C3.A4llor"></span>Källor</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vatten_p%C3%A5_Mars&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Redigera avsnitt: Källor" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vatten_p%C3%A5_Mars&action=edit&section=4" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Källor"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fotnoter">Fotnoter</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vatten_p%C3%A5_Mars&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Redigera avsnitt: Fotnoter" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vatten_p%C3%A5_Mars&action=edit&section=5" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Fotnoter"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190527232616/https://www.ltu.se/research/subjects/Atmosfarsvetenskap/2.56313/Forskare-tveksamma-till-liv-pa-Mars-1.128932">”Forskare tveksamma till liv på Mars - Luleå tekniska universitet, LTU - forskning och utbildning i världsklass”</a>. <i><span>www.ltu.se</span></i>. Arkiverad från <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ltu.se/research/subjects/Atmosfarsvetenskap/2.56313/Forskare-tveksamma-till-liv-pa-Mars-1.128932">originalet</a> den 27 maj 2019<span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190527232616/https://www.ltu.se/research/subjects/Atmosfarsvetenskap/2.56313/Forskare-tveksamma-till-liv-pa-Mars-1.128932">https://web.archive.org/web/20190527232616/https://www.ltu.se/research/subjects/Atmosfarsvetenskap/2.56313/Forskare-tveksamma-till-liv-pa-Mars-1.128932</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 27 maj 2019</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Forskare+tveksamma+till+liv+p%C3%A5+Mars+-+Lule%C3%A5+tekniska+universitet%2C+LTU+-+forskning+och+utbildning+i+v%C3%A4rldsklass&rft.atitle=www.ltu.se&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20190527232616%2Fhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.ltu.se%2Fresearch%2Fsubjects%2FAtmosfarsvetenskap%2F2.56313%2FForskare-tveksamma-till-liv-pa-Mars-1.128932&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Vatten_p%C3%A5_Mars"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="journal" id="CITEREFVanimanSumnerVasavadaBerger2015-05">Vaniman, David; Sumner, Dawn; Vasavada, Ashwin R.; Berger, Gilles; Cockell, Charles; McConnochie, Tim (2015-05). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nature.com/articles/ngeo2412">”Transient liquid water and water activity at Gale crater on Mars”</a> (på engelska). <i>Nature Geoscience</i> 8 (5): sid. 357–361. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<span class="neverexpand"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1038%2Fngeo2412">10.1038/ngeo2412</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldcat.org/issn/1752-0908">1752-0908</a><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.nature.com/articles/ngeo2412">https://www.nature.com/articles/ngeo2412</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 27 maj 2019</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Transient+liquid+water+and+water+activity+at+Gale+crater+on+Mars&rft.jtitle=Nature+Geoscience&rft.aulast=Vaniman&rft.aufirst=David&rft.au=Vaniman%2C+David&rft.au=Sumner%2C+Dawn&rft.au=Vasavada%2C+Ashwin+R.&rft.au=Berger%2C+Gilles&rft.au=Cockell%2C+Charles&rft.au=McConnochie%2C+Tim&rft.date=2015-05&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=sid.%26nbsp%3B357%E2%80%93361&rft_id=info:doi/10.1038%2Fngeo2412&rft.issn=1752-0908&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nature.com%2Farticles%2Fngeo2412&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Vatten_p%C3%A5_Mars"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.esa.int/Our_Activities/Space_Science/Mars_Express/Mars_Express_gets_festive_A_winter_wonderland_on_Mars">”Mars Express gets festive: A winter wonderland on Mars”</a> (på engelska). <i><span>European Space Agency</span></i>. 20 december 2018<span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.esa.int/Our_Activities/Space_Science/Mars_Express/Mars_Express_gets_festive_A_winter_wonderland_on_Mars">https://www.esa.int/Our_Activities/Space_Science/Mars_Express/Mars_Express_gets_festive_A_winter_wonderland_on_Mars</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 21 december 2018</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Mars+Express+gets+festive%3A+A+winter+wonderland+on+Mars&rft.atitle=European+Space+Agency&rft.date=20+december+2018&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.esa.int%2FOur_Activities%2FSpace_Science%2FMars_Express%2FMars_Express_gets_festive_A_winter_wonderland_on_Mars&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Vatten_p%C3%A5_Mars"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web" id="CITEREFDaniel_Velasco2015">Daniel Velasco (28 september 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sverigesradio.se/sida/artikel.aspx?programid=83&artikel=6266300">”Flytande vatten på Mars viktig upptäckt”</a>. Sveriges radio<span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://sverigesradio.se/sida/artikel.aspx?programid=83&artikel=6266300">http://sverigesradio.se/sida/artikel.aspx?programid=83&artikel=6266300</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 29 september 2015</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Flytande+vatten+p%C3%A5+Mars+viktig+uppt%C3%A4ckt&rft.atitle=&rft.aulast=Daniel+Velasco&rft.au=Daniel+Velasco&rft.date=28+september+2015&rft.pub=Sveriges+radio&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsverigesradio.se%2Fsida%2Fartikel.aspx%3Fprogramid%3D83%26artikel%3D6266300&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Vatten_p%C3%A5_Mars"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Externa_länkar"><span id="Externa_l.C3.A4nkar"></span>Externa länkar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vatten_p%C3%A5_Mars&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Redigera avsnitt: Externa länkar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vatten_p%C3%A5_Mars&action=edit&section=6" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Externa länkar"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://science.nasa.gov/science-news/science-at-nasa/2012/27sep_streambed/">NASA – Curiosity Rover Finds Evidence For An Ancient Streambed – September, 2012</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> Wikimedia Commons har media som rör <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Water_on_Mars" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Water on Mars">Vatten på Mars</a>.<div class="interProject commons" style="display:none;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Water_on_Mars" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Water on Mars">Bilder & media</a></div></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r56287950">.mw-parser-output table.navbox{border:#aaa 1px solid;width:100%;margin:auto;margin-top:1em;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output link+table.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output table.navbox th{text-align:center;padding-left:1em;padding-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .navbox-thlinkcolor .navbox-title button,.mw-parser-output .navbox-thlinkcolor .navbox-title .mw-collapsible-text,.mw-parser-output .navbox-thlinkcolor .navbox-title a{color:inherit}.mw-parser-output .nowraplinks a,.mw-parser-output .nowraplinks .selflink{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;font-weight:bold;padding-left:1em;padding-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output table.navbox th{background:#b0c4de}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background:#d0e0f5}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background:#deeafa}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background:transparent}</style><table class="navbox" style="border-spacing:0; ;"><tbody><tr><td style="padding:2px;"><table class="navbox-inner collapsible auto" style="width:100%;border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;;"><tbody><tr><th style=";background:#E8AB79;" colspan="3" class="navbox-title"><div style="float:left; width:3em;text-align:left;"><div class="noprint plainlinks" style="background-color:transparent; padding:0; white-space:nowrap; font-weight:normal; font-size:80%; border:none;; color: inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Mall:Mars" title="Mall:Mars"><span title="Visa denna mall" style="border:none;;">v</span></a> <span style="font-size:80%;">•</span> <a class="external text" href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mall:Mars&action=edit"><span style="border:none;;" title="Redigera den här mallen">r</span></a></div></div><span style="font-size:110%;"><a href="/wiki/Mars_(planet)" title="Mars (planet)">Mars</a></span></th></tr><tr style="height:2px;"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";background:#E8AB79;;"><a href="/wiki/Areografi" title="Areografi">Areografi</a></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r56287950" /></div><table class="navbox-inner navbox-subgroup" style="width:100%;border-spacing:0;;;;"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;background:#eed8ae;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;">Allmänt</div></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Albedoformationer_p%C3%A5_Mars" title="Albedoformationer på Mars">Albedoformationer</a> <b>•</b> <a href="/wiki/Mars_atmosf%C3%A4r" title="Mars atmosfär">Atmosfär</a> <b>•</b> <a href="/wiki/Kanaler_p%C3%A5_Mars" title="Kanaler på Mars">Kanaler</a> <b>•</b> <a href="/wiki/Klimat_p%C3%A5_Mars" class="mw-redirect" title="Klimat på Mars">Klimat</a> <b>•</b> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Vatten</a> <b>•</b> <a href="/wiki/Liv_p%C3%A5_Mars" title="Liv på Mars">Liv</a> <b>•</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=North_Polar_Basin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="North Polar Basin [inte skriven än]">North Polar Basin</a> <b>•</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lista_%C3%B6ver_omr%C3%A5den_med_kaosterr%C3%A4ng_p%C3%A5_Mars&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lista över områden med kaosterräng på Mars [inte skriven än]">Kaosterräng</a> <b>•</b> <a href="/wiki/Marsskalv" title="Marsskalv">Marsskalv</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;background:#eed8ae;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;">Regioner</div></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Cydonia_(Mars)" title="Cydonia (Mars)">Cydonia</a> <b>•</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Planum_Boreum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Planum Boreum [inte skriven än]">Planum Boreum</a> <b>•</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Planum_Australe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Planum Australe [inte skriven än]">Planum Australe</a> <b>•</b> <a href="/wiki/Cerberus-hemisf%C3%A4ren" title="Cerberus-hemisfären">Cerberus-hemisfären</a> <b>•</b> <a href="/wiki/Vastitas_Borealis" title="Vastitas Borealis">Vastitas Borealis</a> <b>•</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Iani_Chaos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Iani Chaos [inte skriven än]">Iani Chaos</a> <b>•</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lista_%C3%B6ver_kvadranter_p%C3%A5_Mars&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lista över kvadranter på Mars [inte skriven än]">Kvadranter</a> <b>•</b> <a href="/wiki/Tharsis" title="Tharsis">Tharsis</a> <b>•</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ultimi_Scopuli&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ultimi Scopuli [inte skriven än]">Ultimi Scopuli</a> <b>•</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Eridaniasj%C3%B6n&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eridaniasjön [inte skriven än]">Eridaniasjön</a> <b>•</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Olympia_Undae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Olympia Undae [inte skriven än]">Olympia Undae</a> <b>•</b> <a href="/wiki/Elysium_Planitia" title="Elysium Planitia">Elysium Planitia</a> <b>•</b> <a href="/wiki/Arabia_Terra" title="Arabia Terra">Arabia Terra</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;background:#eed8ae;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Lista_%C3%B6ver_vulkaner_p%C3%A5_Mars" title="Lista över vulkaner på Mars">Vulkaner</a> <br /><a href="/wiki/Lista_%C3%B6ver_berg_och_bergskedjor_p%C3%A5_Mars" title="Lista över berg och bergskedjor på Mars">Berg</a></div></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Alba_Mons" title="Alba Mons">Alba Mons</a> <b>•</b> <a href="/wiki/Albor_Tholus" title="Albor Tholus">Albor Tholus</a> <b>•</b> <a href="/wiki/Arsia_Mons" title="Arsia Mons">Arsia Mons</a> <b>•</b> <a href="/wiki/Ascraeus_Mons" title="Ascraeus Mons">Ascraeus Mons</a> <b>•</b> <a href="/wiki/Biblis_Tholus" title="Biblis Tholus">Biblis Tholus</a> <b>•</b> <a href="/wiki/Elysium_Mons" title="Elysium Mons">Elysium Mons</a> <b>•</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hecates_Tholus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hecates Tholus [inte skriven än]">Hecates Tholus</a> <b>•</b> <a href="/wiki/Olympus_Mons" title="Olympus Mons">Olympus Mons</a> <b>•</b> <a href="/wiki/Pavonis_Mons" title="Pavonis Mons">Pavonis Mons</a> <b>•</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Syrtis_Major_Planum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Syrtis Major Planum [inte skriven än]">Syrtis Major Planum</a> <b>•</b> <a href="/wiki/Tharsis" title="Tharsis">Tharsis</a> <b>•</b> <a href="/wiki/Tharsis_Montes" title="Tharsis Montes">Tharsis Montes</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;background:#eed8ae;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Lista_%C3%B6ver_dalar_p%C3%A5_Mars" title="Lista över dalar på Mars">Dalar</a></div></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Valles_Marineris" title="Valles Marineris">Valles Marineris</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;background:#eed8ae;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Lista_%C3%B6ver_kratrar_p%C3%A5_Mars" title="Lista över kratrar på Mars">Kratrar</a></div></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lista_%C3%B6ver_catenaea_p%C3%A5_Mars&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lista över catenaea på Mars [inte skriven än]">Catenae</a> <b>•</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=North_Polar_Basin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="North Polar Basin [inte skriven än]">North Polar Basin</a> <b>•</b> <a href="/wiki/Hellas_Planitia" title="Hellas Planitia">Hellas Planitia</a> <b>•</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Argyre_Planitia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Argyre Planitia [inte skriven än]">Argyre Planitia</a> <b>•</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Schiaparelli_(krater)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Schiaparelli (krater) [inte skriven än]">Schiaparelli</a> <b>•</b> <a href="/wiki/Gusev_(krater)" title="Gusev (krater)">Gusev</a> <b>•</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Eberswalde_(krater)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eberswalde (krater) [inte skriven än]">Eberswalde</a> <b>•</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bonneville_(krater)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bonneville (krater) [inte skriven än]">Bonneville</a> <b>•</b> <a href="/wiki/Eagle_(krater)" title="Eagle (krater)">Eagle</a> <b>•</b> <a href="/wiki/Endeavour_(krater)" title="Endeavour (krater)">Endeavour</a> <b>•</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Endurance_(krater)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Endurance (krater) [inte skriven än]">Endurance</a> <b>•</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Erebus_(krater)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Erebus (krater) [inte skriven än]">Erebus</a> <b>•</b> <a href="/wiki/Victoria_(krater)" title="Victoria (krater)">Victoria</a> <b>•</b> <a href="/wiki/Gale_(krater)" title="Gale (krater)">Gale</a> <b>•</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Galle_(krater)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Galle (krater) [inte skriven än]">Galle</a> <b>•</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ibragimov_(krater)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ibragimov (krater) [inte skriven än]">Ibragimov</a> <b>•</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Santa_Maria_(krater)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Santa Maria (krater) [inte skriven än]">Santa Maria</a> <b>•</b> <a href="/wiki/Jezero_(krater)" title="Jezero (krater)">Jezero</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;background:#eed8ae;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mars_geologi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mars geologi [inte skriven än]">Areologi</a></div></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karbonater_p%C3%A5_Mars&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Karbonater på Mars [inte skriven än]">Karbonater</a> <b>•</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sf%C3%A4ruliter_p%C3%A5_Mars&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sfäruliter på Mars [inte skriven än]">Sfäruliter</a> <b>•</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gejsrar_p%C3%A5_Mars&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gejsrar på Mars [inte skriven än]">Gejsrar</a> <b>•</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Swiss_cheese&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Swiss cheese [inte skriven än]">Swiss cheese</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td style="width:0%;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px;" rowspan="13"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Mars_Hubble.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Mars som sett genom Rymdteleskopet Hubble."><img alt="Mars som sett genom Rymdteleskopet Hubble." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Mars_Hubble.jpg/150px-Mars_Hubble.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Mars_Hubble.jpg/225px-Mars_Hubble.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Mars_Hubble.jpg/300px-Mars_Hubble.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></a></span><br /></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";background:#E8AB79;;"><a href="/wiki/Mars_naturliga_satelliter" title="Mars naturliga satelliter">Månar</a></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Phobos_(m%C3%A5ne)" title="Phobos (måne)">Phobos</a> <b>•</b> <a href="/wiki/Deimos_(m%C3%A5ne)" title="Deimos (måne)">Deimos</a> <b>•</b> <a href="/wiki/Mars_m%C3%A5nar#Upptäckt" class="mw-redirect" title="Mars månar">Upptäckt</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";background:#E8AB79;;"><a href="/wiki/Utforskningen_av_Mars" title="Utforskningen av Mars">Utforskning</a></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r56287950" /></div><table class="navbox-inner navbox-subgroup" style="width:100%;border-spacing:0;;;;"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;background:#eed8ae;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;">Historiska<br />och nutida</div></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Fobosprogrammet" title="Fobosprogrammet">Fobosprogrammet</a> <b>•</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Marsprogrammet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marsprogrammet [inte skriven än]">Marsprogrammet</a> <b>•</b> <a href="/wiki/Marinerprogrammet" title="Marinerprogrammet">Marinerprogrammet</a> <b>•</b> <a href="/wiki/Vikingprogrammet" title="Vikingprogrammet">Vikingprogrammet</a> (<a href="/wiki/Viking_1" title="Viking 1">Viking 1</a> <b>•</b> <a href="/wiki/Viking_2" title="Viking 2">Viking 2</a>)<b>•</b> <a href="/wiki/Mars_Observer" title="Mars Observer">Mars Observer</a> <b>•</b> <a href="/wiki/Mars_Pathfinder" title="Mars Pathfinder">Mars Pathfinder</a> <b>•</b> <a href="/wiki/Mars_Climate_Orbiter" title="Mars Climate Orbiter">Mars Climate Orbiter</a> <b>•</b> <a href="/wiki/Mars_Polar_Lander" title="Mars Polar Lander">Mars Polar Lander</a> <b>•</b> <a href="/wiki/Deep_Space_2" title="Deep Space 2">Deep Space 2</a> <b>•</b> <a href="/wiki/Mars_Scout_Program" title="Mars Scout Program">Mars Scout Program</a> (<a href="/wiki/Phoenix_(rymdsond)" title="Phoenix (rymdsond)">Phoenix</a> <b>•</b> <a href="/wiki/Mars_Atmosphere_and_Volatile_Evolution" title="Mars Atmosphere and Volatile Evolution">MAVEN</a>) <b>•</b> <a href="/wiki/Mars_Odyssey" title="Mars Odyssey">Mars Odyssey</a> <b>•</b> <a href="/wiki/Mars_Express" title="Mars Express">Mars Express</a> (<a href="/wiki/Beagle_2" title="Beagle 2">Beagle 2</a>) <b>•</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mars_Exploration_Rover_Mission&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mars Exploration Rover Mission [inte skriven än]">Mars Exploration Rover Mission</a> (<a href="/wiki/Spirit_(rymdfordon)" title="Spirit (rymdfordon)">Spirit</a> <b>•</b> <a href="/wiki/Opportunity" title="Opportunity">Opportunity</a>) <b>•</b> <a href="/wiki/Mars_Global_Surveyor" title="Mars Global Surveyor">Mars Global Surveyor</a> <b>•</b> <a href="/wiki/Mars_Reconnaissance_Orbiter" title="Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter">Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter</a> <b>•</b> <a href="/wiki/Curiosity" title="Curiosity">Curiosity</a> <b>•</b> <a href="/wiki/Fobos-Grunt" title="Fobos-Grunt">Fobos-Grunt</a> <b>•</b> <a href="/wiki/Yinghuo_1" title="Yinghuo 1">Yinghuo 1</a> <b>•</b> <a href="/wiki/Mangalyaan" title="Mangalyaan">Mangalyaan</a> <b>•</b> <a href="/wiki/ExoMars_Trace_Gas_Orbiter" title="ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter">ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter</a> (<a href="/wiki/Schiaparelli_(rymdsond)" title="Schiaparelli (rymdsond)">Schiaparelli</a>) <b>•</b> <a href="/wiki/Insight" title="Insight">Insight</a> <b>•</b> <a href="/wiki/Al_Amal_(rymdsond)" title="Al Amal (rymdsond)">Al Amal</a> <b>•</b> <a href="/wiki/Tianwen_1" title="Tianwen 1">Tianwen 1</a> (<a href="/wiki/Zhurong" title="Zhurong">Zhurong</a>) <b>•</b> <a href="/wiki/Mars_2020" title="Mars 2020">Mars 2020</a> (<a href="/wiki/Perseverance" title="Perseverance">Perseverance</a> <b>•</b> <a href="/wiki/Ingenuity" title="Ingenuity">Ingenuity</a>) <b>•</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Marslandning&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marslandning [inte skriven än]">Marslandning</a> <b>•</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lista_%C3%B6ver_artificiella_objekt_p%C3%A5_Mars&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lista över artificiella objekt på Mars [inte skriven än]">Artificiella objekt på Mars</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;background:#eed8ae;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;">Framtida</div></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Rosalind_Franklin_(rymdfordon)" title="Rosalind Franklin (rymdfordon)">Rosalind Franklin</a> <b>•</b> <a href="/wiki/Mars_Sample_Return" title="Mars Sample Return">Mars Sample Return</a> <b>•</b> <a href="/wiki/Bemannade_Marsexpeditioner" title="Bemannade Marsexpeditioner">Bemannade Marsexpeditioner</a> <b>•</b> <a href="/wiki/Kolonisering_av_Mars" title="Kolonisering av Mars">Kolonisering av Mars</a> <b>•</b> <a href="/wiki/Terraformering_av_Mars" class="mw-redirect" title="Terraformering av Mars">Terraformering av Mars</a> <b>•</b> <a href="/wiki/Mangalyaan_2" title="Mangalyaan 2">Mangalyaan 2</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";background:#E8AB79;;">Observation</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Utforskningen_av_Mars_historia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Utforskningen av Mars historia [inte skriven än]">Utforskningen av Mars historia</a> <b>•</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Martianska_kanaler&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Martianska kanaler [inte skriven än]">Martianska kanaler</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";background:#E8AB79;;">Astronomi</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r56287950" /></div><table class="navbox-inner navbox-subgroup" style="width:100%;border-spacing:0;;;;"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;background:#eed8ae;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;">Förmörkelser</div></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Solf%C3%B6rm%C3%B6rkelser_p%C3%A5_Mars&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Solförmörkelser på Mars [inte skriven än]">Solförmörkelser på Mars</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;background:#eed8ae;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Astronomisk_passage" title="Astronomisk passage">Passager</a></div></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Deimos_transit_fr%C3%A5n_Mars&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Deimos transit från Mars [inte skriven än]">Deimos</a> <b>•</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Phobos_transit_fr%C3%A5n_Mars&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Phobos transit från Mars [inte skriven än]">Phobos</a> <b>•</b> <a href="/wiki/Jordpassage" title="Jordpassage">Jorden</a> <b>•</b> <a href="/wiki/Merkuriuspassage_(Mars)" title="Merkuriuspassage (Mars)">Merkurius</a> <b>•</b> <a href="/wiki/Venuspassage_(Mars)" title="Venuspassage (Mars)">Venus</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";background:#E8AB79;;"><a href="/wiki/Marsmeteorit" title="Marsmeteorit">Marsmeteoriter</a></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Marsmeteorit" title="Marsmeteorit">Marsmeteorit</a> <b>•</b> <a href="/wiki/Allan_Hills_84001" title="Allan Hills 84001">ALH84001</a> <b>•</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chassigny_(meteorit)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chassigny (meteorit) [inte skriven än]">Chassigny</a> <b>•</b> <a href="/wiki/Kaidunmeteoriten" title="Kaidunmeteoriten">Kaidun</a> <b>•</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Shergottymeteoriten&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shergottymeteoriten [inte skriven än]">Shergotty</a> <b>•</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nakhlameteoriten&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nakhlameteoriten [inte skriven än]">Nakhla</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";background:#E8AB79;;">Andra ämnen</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Lista_%C3%B6ver_asteroider_som_korsar_Mars_bana" title="Lista över asteroider som korsar Mars bana">Marskorsande asteroider</a> <b>•</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mars_trojan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mars trojan [inte skriven än]">Mars trojaner</a> <b>•</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dariankalendern&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dariankalendern [inte skriven än]">Dariankalendern</a> <b>•</b> <a href="/wiki/Sol_(tidsenhet)" title="Sol (tidsenhet)">Tid på Mars</a> <b>•</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mars_Society&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mars Society [inte skriven än]">Mars Society</a> <b>•</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Flashline_Mars_Arctic_Research_Station&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Flashline Mars Arctic Research Station [inte skriven än]">Flashline Mars Arctic Research Station</a> <b>•</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Haughton%E2%80%93Mars_Project&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Haughton–Mars Project [inte skriven än]">Haughton–Mars Project</a> <b>•</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mars_to_Stay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mars to Stay [inte skriven än]">Mars to Stay</a> <b>•</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mars_flagga&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mars flagga [inte skriven än]">Mars flagga</a> <b>•</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mars_i_fiktion&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mars i fiktion [inte skriven än]">Mars i fiktion</a> <b>•</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Marshavshypotesen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marshavshypotesen [inte skriven än]">Marshavshypotesen</a> <b>•</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Caves_of_Mars_Project&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Caves of Mars Project [inte skriven än]">Caves of Mars Project</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px;"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style=";background:#E8AB79;" colspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Solsystemet" title="Solsystemet">Solsystemet</a></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Hämtad från ”<a dir="ltr" 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