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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fineness_and_yield"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Fineness and yield</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fineness_and_yield-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Production" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Production"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Production</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Production-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Marketing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Marketing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Marketing</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Marketing-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Marketing subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Marketing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Australia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Australia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Australia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Australia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_countries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_countries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Other countries</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_countries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Yarn" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Yarn"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Yarn</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Yarn-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Uses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Uses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Uses</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Uses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Events" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Events"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Events</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Events-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-See_also-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle See also subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Production_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Production_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.1</span> <span>Production</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Production_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Processing_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Processing_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.2</span> <span>Processing</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Processing_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Refined_products" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Refined_products"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.3</span> <span>Refined products</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Refined_products-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Organizations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Organizations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.4</span> <span>Organizations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Organizations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Miscellaneous_wool_and_animal_textiles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Miscellaneous_wool_and_animal_textiles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.5</span> <span>Miscellaneous wool and animal textiles</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Miscellaneous_wool_and_animal_textiles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Inorganic_wool" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Inorganic_wool"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.6</span> <span>Inorganic wool</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Inorganic_wool-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Wool</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 113 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-113" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">113 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wol" title="Wol – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Wol" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%8A%E0%A4%A8" title="ऊन – Angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="ऊन" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="Angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B5%D9%88%D9%81" title="صوف – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="صوف" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lana" title="Lana – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Lana" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A2n%C3%A2" title="Lânâ – Aromanian" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Lânâ" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="Aromanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Llana" title="Llana – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Llana" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%27arwa" title="T'arwa – Aymara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="T'arwa" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="Aymara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yun" title="Yun – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Yun" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%99%D3%A9%D0%BD_(%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB)" title="Йөн (материал) – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Йөн (материал)" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D1%9E%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Воўна – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Воўна" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D1%9E%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Воўна – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Воўна" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%8A%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0_(%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%B0)" title="Вълна (влакна) – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Вълна (влакна)" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vuna" title="Vuna – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Vuna" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Llana" title="Llana – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Llana" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87%C4%83%D0%BC_(%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB)" title="Çăм (материал) – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Çăм (материал)" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lana" title="Lana – Corsican" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Lana" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Corsican" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gwl%C3%A2n" title="Gwlân – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Gwlân" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uld" title="Uld – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Uld" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolle" title="Wolle – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Wolle" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aghaa%CA%BC" title="Aghaaʼ – Navajo" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Aghaaʼ" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="Navajo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Diné bizaad</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vill" title="Vill – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Vill" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%BB%CE%AF" title="Μαλλί – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μαλλί" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lana" title="Lana – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Lana" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lano" title="Lano – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Lano" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lana" title="Lana – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Lana" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artile" title="Artile – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Artile" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B4%D9%85" title="پشم – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="پشم" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laine" title="Laine – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Laine" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wol" title="Wol – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Wol" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olann" title="Olann – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Olann" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/La" title="La – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="La" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%8A%E0%AA%A8" title="ઊન – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="ઊન" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%AA%A8%EC%84%AC%EC%9C%A0" title="모섬유 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="모섬유" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B2%D5%B8%D6%82%D6%80%D5%A4" title="Բուրդ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Բուրդ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%8A%E0%A4%A8" title="ऊन – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="ऊन" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vuna" title="Vuna – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Vuna" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lano" title="Lano – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Lano" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aj%E1%BB%8B_an%E1%BB%A5" title="Ajị anụ – Igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Ajị anụ" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="Igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wol" title="Wol – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Wol" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%8A%D1%83%D1%8B%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BB" title="Къуымбил – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Къуымбил" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ull" title="Ull – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Ull" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lana" title="Lana – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Lana" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A6%D7%9E%D7%A8" title="צמר – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="צמר" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heu_h%CA%8Bnd%CA%8B" title="Heu hʋndʋ – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Heu hʋndʋ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%89%E0%B2%A3%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A3%E0%B3%86" title="ಉಣ್ಣೆ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಉಣ್ಣೆ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A7%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98" title="მატყლი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="მატყლი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D2%AF%D0%BD" title="Жүн – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Жүн" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sufu" title="Sufu – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Sufu" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenn" title="Lenn – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Lenn" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hir%C3%AE" title="Hirî – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Hirî" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D2%AF%D0%BD" title="Жүн – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Жүн" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lana" title="Lana – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Lana" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vilna" title="Vilna – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Vilna" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vilna" title="Vilna – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Vilna" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/W%C3%B6l" title="Wöl – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Wöl" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nkunza_ya_mpat%C3%A1" title="Nkunza ya mpatá – Lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Nkunza ya mpatá" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="Lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gyapj%C3%BA" title="Gyapjú – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Gyapjú" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Волна – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Волна" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volonondry" title="Volonondry – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Volonondry" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B3%E0%B4%BF" title="കമ്പിളി – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="കമ്പിളി" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0" title="लोकर – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="लोकर" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B5%D9%88%D9%81" title="صوف – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="صوف" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wul" title="Wul – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Wul" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%BE%D1%81" title="Ноос – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Ноос" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9E%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B8%E1%80%99%E1%80%BD%E1%80%B1%E1%80%B8" title="သိုးမွေး – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="သိုးမွေး" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wol" title="Wol – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Wol" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%81%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8D" title="तँय् – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="तँय्" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A6%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AB" title="ウール – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ウール" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ol" title="Ol – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Ol" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ull_(tekstil)" title="Ull (tekstil) – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Ull (tekstil)" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ull" title="Ull – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Ull" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lana_(moton)" title="Lana (moton) – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Lana (moton)" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pilik" title="Pilik – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Pilik" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%89%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%A8" title="ਉੱਨ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਉੱਨ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%8F%D9%86%D9%91" title="اُنّ – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="اُنّ" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%DA%93%DB%8D" title="وړۍ – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="وړۍ" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wull" title="Wull – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Wull" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/We%C5%82na" title="Wełna – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Wełna" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A3" title="Lã – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Lã" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A2n%C4%83" title="Lână – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Lână" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Millma" title="Millma – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Millma" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C_(%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB)" title="Шерсть (материал) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Шерсть (материал)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oo" title="Oo – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Oo" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leshi" title="Leshi – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Leshi" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wool" title="Wool – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Wool" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%8F%D9%86%D9%8E" title="اُنَ – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="اُنَ" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vlna_(pokryv_tela)" title="Vlna (pokryv tela) – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Vlna (pokryv tela)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volna" title="Volna – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Volna" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dhogor" title="Dhogor – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Dhogor" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Вуна – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Вуна" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vuna" title="Vuna – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Vuna" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wol" title="Wol – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Wol" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Villa" title="Villa – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Villa" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ull" title="Ull – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Ull" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lana" title="Lana – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Lana" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%B3%E0%AE%BF" title="கம்பளி – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கம்பளி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tadu%E1%B9%AD%E1%B9%AD" title="Taduṭṭ – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Taduṭṭ" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%89%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%BF" title="ఉన్ని – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="ఉన్ని" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%A5" title="วูล – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="วูล" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BC" title="Пашм – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Пашм" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" 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							cdx-button--size-medium cdx-button--icon-only cdx-dialog__header__close-button" aria-label="Close" onclick="document.getElementById("mw-fr-revision-details").style.display = "none";" type="submit"><span class="cdx-icon cdx-icon--medium
							cdx-fr-css-icon--close"></span></button></header><div class="cdx-dialog__body">This is the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Pending_changes" title="Wikipedia:Pending changes">latest accepted revision</a>, <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=review&page=Wool">reviewed</a> on <i>1 February 2025</i>.</div></div><div tabindex="0"></div></div></div></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Textile fiber from the hair of sheep or other mammals</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Wool_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Wool (disambiguation)">Wool (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Royal_Winter_Fair_Wool_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Royal_Winter_Fair_Wool_2.jpg/250px-Royal_Winter_Fair_Wool_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Royal_Winter_Fair_Wool_2.jpg/330px-Royal_Winter_Fair_Wool_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Royal_Winter_Fair_Wool_2.jpg/500px-Royal_Winter_Fair_Wool_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4288" data-file-height="2848" /></a><figcaption>Wool before processing</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sheep_eating_grass_edit02.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Sheep_eating_grass_edit02.jpg/220px-Sheep_eating_grass_edit02.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Sheep_eating_grass_edit02.jpg/330px-Sheep_eating_grass_edit02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Sheep_eating_grass_edit02.jpg/440px-Sheep_eating_grass_edit02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1067" /></a><figcaption>Unshorn <a href="/wiki/Merino" title="Merino">Merino sheep</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sheep_at_Llanddewi_Brefi,_in_Ceredigion,_Wales.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Sheep_at_Llanddewi_Brefi%2C_in_Ceredigion%2C_Wales.jpg/220px-Sheep_at_Llanddewi_Brefi%2C_in_Ceredigion%2C_Wales.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Sheep_at_Llanddewi_Brefi%2C_in_Ceredigion%2C_Wales.jpg/330px-Sheep_at_Llanddewi_Brefi%2C_in_Ceredigion%2C_Wales.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Sheep_at_Llanddewi_Brefi%2C_in_Ceredigion%2C_Wales.jpg/440px-Sheep_at_Llanddewi_Brefi%2C_in_Ceredigion%2C_Wales.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="640" /></a><figcaption>Shorn sheep</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Wool</b> is the textile <a href="/wiki/Fiber" title="Fiber">fiber</a> obtained from <a href="/wiki/Sheep" title="Sheep">sheep</a> and other <a href="/wiki/Mammal" title="Mammal">mammals</a>, especially <a href="/wiki/Goat" title="Goat">goats</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rabbit" title="Rabbit">rabbits</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Camelid" class="mw-redirect" title="Camelid">camelids</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Braaten_2005_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Braaten_2005-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The term may also refer to inorganic materials, such as <a href="/wiki/Mineral_wool" title="Mineral wool">mineral wool</a> and <a href="/wiki/Glass_wool" title="Glass wool">glass wool</a>, that have some properties similar to animal wool. </p><p>As an <a href="/wiki/Animal_fiber" title="Animal fiber">animal fiber</a>, wool consists of protein together with a small percentage of <a href="/wiki/Lipid" title="Lipid">lipids</a>. This makes it chemically quite distinct from cotton and other plant fibers, which are mainly cellulose.<sup id="cite_ref-Braaten_2005_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Braaten_2005-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Characteristics">Characteristics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wool&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Characteristics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hogget_fleece.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Hogget_fleece.JPG/250px-Hogget_fleece.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Hogget_fleece.JPG/330px-Hogget_fleece.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Hogget_fleece.JPG/500px-Hogget_fleece.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a><figcaption>Champion <a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_sheep_husbandry" title="Glossary of sheep husbandry">hogget</a> fleece, <a href="/wiki/Walcha,_New_South_Wales" title="Walcha, New South Wales">Walcha</a> Show</figcaption></figure><p>Wool is produced by <a href="/wiki/Hair_follicle" title="Hair follicle">follicles</a> which are small cells located in the skin. These follicles are located in the upper layer of the skin called the <a href="/wiki/Epidermis" title="Epidermis">epidermis</a> and push down into the second skin layer called the <a href="/wiki/Dermis" title="Dermis">dermis</a> as the wool fibers grow. Follicles can be classed as either primary or secondary follicles. Primary follicles produce three types of fiber: <a href="/wiki/Kemp_(wool)" title="Kemp (wool)">kemp</a>, medullated fibers, and true wool fibers. Secondary follicles only produce true wool fibers. Medullated fibers share nearly identical characteristics to hair and are long but lack crimp and elasticity. Kemp fibers are very coarse and shed out.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Wool_fleece_and_top.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Wool_fleece_and_top.jpg/250px-Wool_fleece_and_top.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="94" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Wool_fleece_and_top.jpg/330px-Wool_fleece_and_top.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Wool_fleece_and_top.jpg/500px-Wool_fleece_and_top.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1299" data-file-height="557" /></a><figcaption>Fleece of fine New Zealand <a href="/wiki/Merino" title="Merino">Merino</a> wool and combed wool top on a wool table</figcaption></figure> <p>Wool's crimp refers to the strong natural wave present in each wool fiber as it is presented on the animal. Wool's crimp, and to a lesser degree scales, make it easier to <a href="/wiki/Spinning_(textiles)" title="Spinning (textiles)">spin</a> the fleece by helping the individual fibers attach, so they stay together. Because of the crimp, wool fabrics have greater bulk than other textiles, and they hold air, which causes the fabric to retain heat. Wool has a high <a href="/wiki/Specific_thermal_resistance" class="mw-redirect" title="Specific thermal resistance">specific thermal resistance</a>, so it impedes heat transfer in general. This effect has benefited desert peoples, as <a href="/wiki/Bedouin" title="Bedouin">Bedouins</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tuareg_people" title="Tuareg people">Tuaregs</a> use wool clothes for insulation. </p><p>The felting of wool occurs upon hammering or other mechanical agitation as the microscopic barbs on the surface of wool fibers hook together. Felting generally comes under two main areas, dry felting and wet felting. Wet felting occurs when water and a lubricant (especially an alkali such as soap) are applied to the wool which is then agitated until the fibers mix and bond together. Temperature shock while damp or wet accentuates the felting process. Some natural felting can occur on the animal's back. </p><p>Wool has several qualities that distinguish it from hair or fur: it is <a href="/wiki/Crimp_(wool)" class="mw-redirect" title="Crimp (wool)">crimped</a> and <a href="/wiki/Elasticity_(physics)" title="Elasticity (physics)">elastic</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The amount of crimp corresponds to the fineness of the wool fibers. A fine wool like <a href="/wiki/Merino" title="Merino">Merino</a> may have up to 40 crimps per centimetre (100 crimps per inch), while coarser wool like <a href="/wiki/Karakul_(sheep)" class="mw-redirect" title="Karakul (sheep)">karakul</a> may have less than one (one or two crimps per inch). In contrast, hair has little if any <a href="/wiki/Cuticle_(hair)" title="Cuticle (hair)">scale</a> and no crimp, and little ability to bind into <a href="/wiki/Yarn" title="Yarn">yarn</a>. On sheep, the hair part of the fleece is called <a href="/wiki/Kemp_(wool)" title="Kemp (wool)">kemp</a>. The relative amounts of kemp to wool vary from breed to breed and make some fleeces more desirable for <a href="/wiki/Spinning_(textiles)" title="Spinning (textiles)">spinning</a>, <a href="/wiki/Felting" class="mw-redirect" title="Felting">felting</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Carding" title="Carding">carding</a> into <a href="/wiki/Batting_(material)" class="mw-redirect" title="Batting (material)">batts</a> for quilts or other insulating products, including the famous <a href="/wiki/Tweed_(cloth)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tweed (cloth)">tweed</a> cloth of <a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a>. </p><p>Wool fibers <a href="/wiki/Hydrophilic" class="mw-redirect" title="Hydrophilic">readily absorb moisture</a>, but are not hollow. Wool can absorb almost one-third of its own weight in water.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Wool absorbs sound like many other fabrics. It is generally a creamy white color, although some breeds of sheep produce natural colors, such as black, brown, silver, and random mixes. </p><p>Wool ignites at a higher temperature than cotton and some <a href="/wiki/Synthetic_fiber" title="Synthetic fiber">synthetic fibers</a>. It has a lower rate of <a href="/wiki/Flame_spread" title="Flame spread">flame spread</a>, a lower rate of heat release, a lower <a href="/wiki/Heat_of_combustion" title="Heat of combustion">heat of combustion</a>, and does not melt or drip;<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> it forms a char that is insulating and self-extinguishing, and it contributes less to toxic gases and smoke than other flooring products when used in carpets.<sup id="cite_ref-The_Land_p.46_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Land_p.46-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Wool carpets are specified for high safety environments, such as trains and aircraft. Wool is usually specified for <a href="/wiki/Garments" class="mw-redirect" title="Garments">garments</a> for firefighters, soldiers, and others in occupations where they are exposed to the likelihood of fire.<sup id="cite_ref-The_Land_p.46_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Land_p.46-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Wool causes an <a href="/wiki/Allergic_contact_dermatitis" title="Allergic contact dermatitis">allergic reaction</a> in some people.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Processing">Processing</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wool&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Processing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Shearing">Shearing</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wool&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Shearing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Sheep_shearing" title="Sheep shearing">Sheep shearing</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Merino_shearing.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Merino_shearing.jpg/250px-Merino_shearing.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Merino_shearing.jpg/330px-Merino_shearing.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fa/Merino_shearing.jpg 2x" data-file-width="350" data-file-height="263" /></a><figcaption>Fine Merino shearing in <a href="/wiki/Lismore,_Victoria" title="Lismore, Victoria">Lismore, Victoria</a></figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Sheep_shearing" title="Sheep shearing">Sheep shearing</a> is the process in which a worker (a <a href="/wiki/Sheep_shearer" title="Sheep shearer">shearer</a>) cuts off the woollen fleece of a sheep. After shearing, <a href="/wiki/Wool-classer" class="mw-redirect" title="Wool-classer">wool-classers</a> separate the wool into four main categories: </p> <ul><li>fleece (which makes up the vast bulk)</li> <li>broken</li> <li>bellies</li> <li>locks</li></ul> <p>The quality of fleeces is determined by a technique known as <a href="/wiki/Wool_classing" title="Wool classing">wool classing</a>, whereby a qualified person, called a wool classer, groups wools of similar grading together to maximize the return for the farmer or sheep owner. In Australia, before being auctioned, all Merino fleece wool is objectively measured for average diameter (<a href="/wiki/Micron_(wool)" class="mw-redirect" title="Micron (wool)">micron</a>), yield (including the amount of <a href="/wiki/Vegetable_matter" class="mw-redirect" title="Vegetable matter">vegetable matter</a>), <a href="/wiki/Staple_(wool)" title="Staple (wool)">staple</a> length, staple strength, and sometimes color and comfort factor. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Scouring">Scouring</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wool&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Scouring"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:CSIRO_ScienceImage_11160_Siroscour.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/CSIRO_ScienceImage_11160_Siroscour.jpg/220px-CSIRO_ScienceImage_11160_Siroscour.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="304" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/CSIRO_ScienceImage_11160_Siroscour.jpg/330px-CSIRO_ScienceImage_11160_Siroscour.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/CSIRO_ScienceImage_11160_Siroscour.jpg/440px-CSIRO_ScienceImage_11160_Siroscour.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1924" data-file-height="2657" /></a><figcaption>Wool before and after scouring</figcaption></figure> <p>Wool straight off a sheep is known as "raw wool", "greasy wool"<sup id="cite_ref-AWEX_w_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AWEX_w-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or "wool in the grease". This wool contains a high level of valuable <a href="/wiki/Lanolin" title="Lanolin">lanolin</a>, as well as the sheep's dead skin and sweat residue, and generally also contains pesticides and vegetable matter from the animal's environment. Before the wool can be used for commercial purposes, it must be scoured, a process of cleaning the greasy wool. Scouring may be as simple as a bath in warm water or as complicated as an industrial process using <a href="/wiki/Detergent" title="Detergent">detergent</a> and <a href="/wiki/Alkali" title="Alkali">alkali</a> in specialized equipment.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In <a href="/wiki/North_west_England" class="mw-redirect" title="North west England">north west England</a>, special <a href="/wiki/Potash_pit" title="Potash pit">potash pits</a> were constructed to produce <a href="/wiki/Potash" title="Potash">potash</a> used in the manufacture of a soft soap for scouring locally produced white wool. </p><p>Vegetable matter in commercial wool is often removed by chemical <a href="/wiki/Carbonization" title="Carbonization">carbonization</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In less-processed wools, vegetable matter may be removed by hand and some of the lanolin left intact through the use of gentler detergents. This semigrease wool can be worked into yarn and knitted into particularly <a href="/wiki/Aran_jumper" title="Aran jumper"> water-resistant mittens or sweaters</a>, such as those of the <a href="/wiki/Aran_Islands" title="Aran Islands">Aran Island</a> fishermen. Lanolin removed from wool is widely used in <a href="/wiki/Cosmetics" title="Cosmetics">cosmetic</a> products such as <a href="/wiki/Hand_cream" class="mw-redirect" title="Hand cream">hand creams</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Fineness_and_yield">Fineness and yield</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wool&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Fineness and yield"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Raw wool has many impurities; vegetable matter, sand, dirt and yolk which is a mixture of suint (sweat), grease, urine stains and dung locks. The sheep's body yields many types of wool with differing strengths, thicknesses, length of staple and impurities. The raw wool (greasy) is processed into 'top'. 'Worsted top' requires strong straight and parallel fibres. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Common name</th> <th>Part of sheep</th> <th>Style of wool </th></tr> <tr> <td>Fine</td> <td>Shoulder</td> <td>Fine, uniform and very dense </td></tr> <tr> <td>Near</td> <td>Sides</td> <td>Fine, uniform and strong </td></tr> <tr> <td>Downrights</td> <td>Neck</td> <td>Short and irregular, lower quality </td></tr> <tr> <td>Choice</td> <td>Back</td> <td>Shorter staple, open and less strong </td></tr> <tr> <td>Abb</td> <td>Haunches</td> <td>Longer, stronger staple </td></tr> <tr> <td>Seconds</td> <td>Belly</td> <td>Short, tender, matted and dirty </td></tr> <tr> <td>Top-not</td> <td>Head</td> <td>Stiff, very coarse, rough and kempy </td></tr> <tr> <td>Brokes</td> <td>Forelegs</td> <td>Short, irregular and faulty </td></tr> <tr> <td>Cowtail</td> <td>Hindlegs</td> <td>Very strong, coarse and hairy </td></tr> <tr> <td>Britch</td> <td>Tail</td> <td>Very coarse, kempy and dirty </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" style="text-align: center;">Source:<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBradford_Industrial_Museum2015_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBradford_Industrial_Museum2015-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Wool_samples_2.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Wool_samples_2.JPG/220px-Wool_samples_2.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Wool_samples_2.JPG/330px-Wool_samples_2.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Wool_samples_2.JPG/440px-Wool_samples_2.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2553" data-file-height="1826" /></a><figcaption>Various types and natural colors of wool, and a picture made from wool</figcaption></figure> <p>The quality of wool is determined by its fiber diameter, <a href="/wiki/Wool_classing#crimp" title="Wool classing">crimp</a>, yield, color, and staple strength. Fiber diameter is the single most important wool characteristic determining quality and price. </p><p>Merino wool is typically 90–115 mm (3.5–4.5 in) in length and is very fine (between 12 and 24 microns).<sup id="cite_ref-Australia_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Australia-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The finest and most valuable wool comes from <a href="/wiki/Merino" title="Merino">Merino</a> <a href="/wiki/Domestic_sheep" class="mw-redirect" title="Domestic sheep">hoggets</a>. Wool taken from sheep produced for meat is typically coarser, and has fibers 40–150 mm (1.5–6 in) in length. Damage or breaks in the wool can occur if the sheep is stressed while it is growing its fleece, resulting in a thin spot where the fleece is likely to break.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Wool is also separated into grades based on the measurement of the wool's diameter in microns and also its style. These grades may vary depending on the breed or purpose of the wool. For example: </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Merinos </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Diameter in microns</th> <th>Name </th></tr> <tr> <td>< 15.5</td> <td>Ultrafine Merino<sup id="cite_ref-AWEX_w_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AWEX_w-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>15.6–18.5</td> <td>Superfine Merino </td></tr> <tr> <td>18.6–20</td> <td>Fine Merino<sup id="cite_ref-AWEX_w_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AWEX_w-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>20.1–23</td> <td>Medium Merino </td></tr> <tr> <td>> 23</td> <td>Strong Merino<sup id="cite_ref-AWEX_w_8-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AWEX_w-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Breeds </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Breeds</th> <th>Diameter </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Comeback_(sheep)" class="mw-redirect" title="Comeback (sheep)">Comeback</a></td> <td>21–26 microns, white, 90–180 mm (3.5–7.1 in) long </td></tr> <tr> <td>Fine crossbred</td> <td>27–31 microns, <a href="/wiki/Corriedale" title="Corriedale">Corriedales</a>, etc. </td></tr> <tr> <td>Medium crossbred</td> <td>32–35 microns </td></tr> <tr> <td>Downs</td> <td>23–34 microns, typically lacks luster and brightness. Examples, <a href="/wiki/Aussiedown_(sheep)" class="mw-redirect" title="Aussiedown (sheep)">Aussiedown</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dorset_Horn" title="Dorset Horn">Dorset Horn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Suffolk_(sheep)" class="mw-redirect" title="Suffolk (sheep)">Suffolk</a>, etc.<sup id="cite_ref-D'Arcy_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-D'Arcy-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Coarse crossbred</td> <td>>36 microns </td></tr> <tr> <td>Carpet wools</td> <td>35–45 microns<sup id="cite_ref-AWEX_w_8-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AWEX_w-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Any wool finer than 25 microns can be used for garments, while coarser grades are used for outerwear or rugs. The finer the wool, the softer it is, while coarser grades are more durable and less prone to <a href="/wiki/Pill_(textile)" title="Pill (textile)">pilling</a>. </p><p>The finest Australian and New Zealand Merino wools are known as 1PP, which is the industry benchmark of excellence for Merino wool 16.9 microns and finer. This style represents the top level of fineness, character, color, and style as determined on the basis of a series of parameters in accordance with the original dictates of British wool as applied by the Australian Wool Exchange (AWEX) Council. Only a few dozen of the millions of bales auctioned every year can be classified and marked 1PP.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the United States, three classifications of wool are named in the <a href="/wiki/Wool_Products_Labeling_Act" title="Wool Products Labeling Act">Wool Products Labeling Act</a> of 1939.<sup id="cite_ref-Freer_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Freer-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Wool is "the fiber from the fleece of the sheep or lamb or hair of the Angora or Cashmere goat (and may include the so-called specialty fibers from the hair of the camel, alpaca, llama, and vicuna) which has never been reclaimed from any woven or felted wool product".<sup id="cite_ref-Freer_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Freer-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "Virgin wool" and "new wool" are also used to refer to such never used wool. There are two categories of <a href="/wiki/Recycled_wool" title="Recycled wool">recycled wool</a> (also called reclaimed or shoddy wool). "Reprocessed wool" identifies "wool which has been woven or felted into a wool product and subsequently reduced to a fibrous state without having been used by the ultimate consumer".<sup id="cite_ref-Freer_16-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Freer-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "Reused wool" refers to such wool that <i>has</i> been used by the ultimate consumer.<sup id="cite_ref-Freer_16-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Freer-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wool&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/History_of_clothing_and_textiles" title="History of clothing and textiles">History of clothing and textiles</a> and <a href="/wiki/The_medieval_English_wool_trade" class="mw-redirect" title="The medieval English wool trade">The medieval English wool trade</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tibetan_spinning_wool.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Tibetan_spinning_wool.jpg/250px-Tibetan_spinning_wool.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="286" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Tibetan_spinning_wool.jpg/330px-Tibetan_spinning_wool.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Tibetan_spinning_wool.jpg/500px-Tibetan_spinning_wool.jpg 2x" data-file-width="511" data-file-height="665" /></a><figcaption>A 1905 illustration of a Tibetan man spinning wool</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Mouflon" title="Mouflon">Wild sheep</a> were more hairy than woolly. Although sheep were domesticated some 9,000 to 11,000 years ago, archaeological evidence from <a href="/wiki/Statuary" class="mw-redirect" title="Statuary">statuary</a> found at sites in <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a> suggests selection for woolly sheep may have begun around 6000 BC,<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with the earliest known woven wool garments having only been dated to two to three thousand years later.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Woolly sheep were introduced into Europe from the Near East in the early part of the 4th millennium BC. The oldest known European wool textile, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1500 BC</span>, was preserved in a <a href="/wiki/Bog_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Bog people">Danish bog</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Prior to the invention of shears—probably in the <a href="/wiki/Iron_Age" title="Iron Age">Iron Age</a> — wool was plucked out by hand or with <a href="/wiki/Bronze" title="Bronze">bronze</a> combs. In <a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman</a> times, wool, <a href="/wiki/Linen" title="Linen">linen</a>, and leather clothed the European population; cotton from India was a curiosity of which only naturalists had heard, and silks, imported along the <a href="/wiki/Silk_Road" title="Silk Road">Silk Road</a> from China, were extravagant <a href="/wiki/Luxury-goods" class="mw-redirect" title="Luxury-goods">luxury-goods</a>. <a href="/wiki/Pliny_the_Elder" title="Pliny the Elder">Pliny the Elder</a> records in his <i><a href="/wiki/Natural_History_(Pliny)" title="Natural History (Pliny)">Natural History</a></i> that the reputation for producing the finest wool was enjoyed by <a href="/wiki/Taranto" title="Taranto">Tarentum</a>, where selective breeding had produced sheep with superior fleeces, but which required special care. </p><p>In medieval times, as trade connections expanded, the <a href="/wiki/Champagne_fairs" title="Champagne fairs">Champagne fairs</a> revolved around the production of wool cloth in small centers such as <a href="/wiki/Provins" title="Provins">Provins</a>. The network developed by the annual fairs meant that the woolens of Provins might find their way to <a href="/wiki/Naples" title="Naples">Naples</a>, Sicily, <a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus">Cyprus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Majorca" class="mw-redirect" title="Majorca">Majorca</a>, Spain, and even <a href="/wiki/Constantinople" title="Constantinople">Constantinople</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Braudel_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Braudel-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The wool trade developed into serious undertaking, a generator of capital.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the 13th century, the wool trade became the economic engine of the <a href="/wiki/Low_Countries" title="Low Countries">Low Countries</a> and central Italy. By the end of the 14th century, Italy predominated.<sup id="cite_ref-Braudel_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Braudel-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Florentine wool <a href="/wiki/Guild" title="Guild">guild</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arte_della_Lana" title="Arte della Lana">Arte della Lana</a>, sent imported English wool to the San Martino <a href="/wiki/Convent" title="Convent">convent</a> for processing. Italian wool from <a href="/wiki/Abruzzo" title="Abruzzo">Abruzzo</a> and Spanish merino wools were processed at <a href="/w/index.php?title=Garbo_workshops&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Garbo workshops (page does not exist)">Garbo workshops</a>. Abruzzo wool had once been the most accessible for the Florentine guild, until improved relations with merchants in <a href="/wiki/Iberia" class="mw-redirect" title="Iberia">Iberia</a> made merino wool more available. In the 15th century Pisa established a factory "which would export its cloths to the Crimea in exchange for Russian furs".<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By the 16th century Italian wool exports to the Levant had declined, eventually replaced by silk production.<sup id="cite_ref-Braudel_21-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Braudel-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The value of exports of English raw wool were rivaled only by the 15th-century <a href="/wiki/Sheepwalk" class="mw-redirect" title="Sheepwalk">sheepwalks</a> of <a href="/wiki/Castile_(historical_region)" title="Castile (historical region)">Castile</a> and were a significant source of income to the English crown, which in 1275 had imposed an export tax on wool called the "Great Custom". The importance of wool to the English economy can be seen in the fact that since the 14th century, the presiding officer of the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Lords" title="House of Lords">House of Lords</a> has sat on the "<a href="/wiki/Woolsack" title="Woolsack">Woolsack</a>", a chair stuffed with wool. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Economies_of_scale" title="Economies of scale">Economies of scale</a> were instituted in the <a href="/wiki/Cistercian" class="mw-redirect" title="Cistercian">Cistercian</a> houses, which had accumulated great tracts of land during the 12th and early 13th centuries, when land prices were low and labor still scarce. Raw wool was baled and shipped from <a href="/wiki/North_Sea" title="North Sea">North Sea</a> ports to the textile cities of <a href="/wiki/Flanders" title="Flanders">Flanders</a>, notably <a href="/wiki/Ypres" title="Ypres">Ypres</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ghent" title="Ghent">Ghent</a>, where it was dyed and worked up as cloth. At the time of the <a href="/wiki/Black_Death" title="Black Death">Black Death</a> (1346-1353), English textile industries consumed about 10% of English wool production. The English textile trade grew during the 15th century, to the point where the export of wool was discouraged. Over the centuries, various British laws controlled the wool trade or required the use of wool even in burials. The smuggling of wool out of the country, known as <a href="/wiki/Owling_(legal_term)" class="mw-redirect" title="Owling (legal term)">owling</a>, was at one time punishable by the cutting off of a hand. After the <a href="/wiki/Restoration_(England)" class="mw-redirect" title="Restoration (England)">Restoration</a> of 1660, fine English woolens began to compete with silks in the international market, partly aided by the <a href="/wiki/Navigation_Acts" title="Navigation Acts">Navigation Acts</a>; in 1699, the English Crown forbade its American colonies to trade wool with anyone but England herself. </p><p>A great deal of the value of woollen textiles was in the <a href="/wiki/Dyeing" title="Dyeing">dyeing</a> and <a href="/wiki/Finishing_(textiles)" title="Finishing (textiles)">finishing</a> of the woven product. In each of the centers of the textile trade, the manufacturing process came to be subdivided into a collection of trades, overseen by an <a href="/wiki/Entrepreneur" class="mw-redirect" title="Entrepreneur">entrepreneur</a> in a system called by the English the "putting-out" system, or "cottage industry", and the <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Verlagssystem</i></span> by the Germans. In this system of producing wool cloth, once perpetuated in the production of <a href="/wiki/Harris_tweed" title="Harris tweed">Harris tweeds</a>, the entrepreneur provides the raw materials and an advance, the remainder being paid upon delivery of the product. Written contracts bound the artisans to specified terms. <a href="/wiki/Fernand_Braudel" title="Fernand Braudel">Fernand Braudel</a> traces the appearance of the system in the 13th-century economic boom, quoting a document of 1275.<sup id="cite_ref-Braudel_21-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Braudel-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The system effectively bypassed the <a href="/wiki/Guild" title="Guild">guilds</a>' restrictions. </p><p>Before the flowering of the <a href="/wiki/Renaissance" title="Renaissance">Renaissance</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Medici" class="mw-redirect" title="Medici">Medici</a> and other great banking houses of Florence had built their wealth and banking system on their textile industry based on wool, overseen by the <a href="/wiki/Arte_della_Lana" title="Arte della Lana">Arte della Lana</a>, the wool guild: wool-textile interests guided Florentine policies. <a href="/wiki/Francesco_Datini" title="Francesco Datini">Francesco Datini</a>, the "merchant of Prato", established in 1383 an <i>Arte della Lana</i> for that small Tuscan city. The sheepwalks of <a href="/wiki/Castile_(historical_region)" title="Castile (historical region)">Castile</a> were controlled by the <a href="/wiki/Mesta" title="Mesta">Mesta</a> union of sheep-owners. They shaped the landscape and the fortunes of the <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es"><a href="/wiki/Meseta_Central" title="Meseta Central">meseta</a></i></span> that lies in the heart of the Iberian peninsula; in the 16th century, a unified Spain allowed export of <a href="/wiki/Merino" title="Merino">merino</a> lambs only with royal permission. The German wool-market – based on sheep of Spanish origin – did not overtake British wool until comparatively late. Later, the <a href="/wiki/Industrial_Revolution" title="Industrial Revolution">Industrial Revolution</a> introduced mass-production technology into wool- and wool-cloth-manufacturing. Australia's colonial economy came to depend on sheep-raising, and the Australian wool trade eventually overtook that of the Germans by 1845, furnishing wool for <a href="/wiki/Bradford" title="Bradford">Bradford</a>, which developed as the heart of industrialized woolens production. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sheep_club2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Sheep_club2.jpg/220px-Sheep_club2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="334" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Sheep_club2.jpg/330px-Sheep_club2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Sheep_club2.jpg/440px-Sheep_club2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2115" data-file-height="3213" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>-era poster sponsored by the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Agriculture" title="United States Department of Agriculture">United States Department of Agriculture</a> encouraging children to raise sheep to provide needed war supplies</figcaption></figure> <p>Due to decreasing demand for wool with increased use of synthetic fibers, wool production is much less than what it was in the past. The collapse in the price of wool began in late 1966 with a 40% drop; with occasional interruptions, the price has tended down. The result has been sharply reduced production and the movement of resources into production of other commodities, in the case of sheep growers, to production of meat.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Superwash wool (or washable wool) technology first appeared in the early 1970s, producing wool that has been specially treated so it is machine washable and may be tumble-dried. This wool is produced using an acid bath that removes the "scales" from the fiber, or by coating the fiber with a polymer that prevents the scales from attaching to each other and causing shrinkage. This process results in a fiber that holds longevity and durability better than synthetic materials, while retaining garment shape.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In December 2004, a bale of the then world's finest wool, averaging 11.8 microns, sold for AU$3,000 per kilogram at auction in <a href="/wiki/Melbourne" title="Melbourne">Melbourne</a>. This fleece wool tested with an average yield of 74.5%, 68 mm (2.7 in) long, and had 40 newtons per <a href="/wiki/Kilotex" class="mw-redirect" title="Kilotex">kilotex</a> strength. The result was A$279,000 for the bale.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The finest bale of wool ever <a href="/wiki/Auction" title="Auction">auctioned</a> was sold for a seasonal record of AU$2690 per kilo during June 2008. This bale was produced by the Hillcreston Pinehill Partnership and measured 11.6 microns, 72.1% yield, and had a 43 newtons per kilotex strength measurement. The bale realized $247,480 and was exported to India.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2007, a new wool suit was developed and sold in Japan which can be washed in the shower, and which dries off ready to wear within hours with no ironing required. The suit, developed using Australian merino wool, enables woven products made from wool, such as suits, trousers, and skirts, to be cleaned using a domestic shower.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In December 2006, the General Assembly of the United Nations proclaimed 2009 to be the <a href="/wiki/International_Year_of_Natural_Fibres" title="International Year of Natural Fibres">International Year of Natural Fibres</a>, so as to raise the profile of wool and of other <a href="/wiki/Natural_fiber" title="Natural fiber">natural fibers</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Production">Production</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wool&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Production"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Global wool production is about 2 million tonnes (2.2 million short tons) per year, of which 60% goes into apparel. Wool comprises ca 3% of the global textile market, but its value is higher owing to dyeing and other modifications of the material.<sup id="cite_ref-Braaten_2005_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Braaten_2005-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Australia is a leading producer of wool which is mostly from Merino sheep but has been eclipsed by China in terms of total weight.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> New Zealand (2016) is the third-largest producer of wool, and the largest producer of crossbred wool. Breeds such as <a href="/wiki/Lincoln_(sheep)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lincoln (sheep)">Lincoln</a>, <a href="/wiki/Romney_(sheep)" class="mw-redirect" title="Romney (sheep)">Romney</a>, <a href="/wiki/Drysdale_(sheep)" class="mw-redirect" title="Drysdale (sheep)">Drysdale</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Elliotdale" title="Elliotdale">Elliotdale</a> produce coarser fibers, and wool from these sheep is usually used for making carpets. </p><p>In the United States, <a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Mexico" title="New Mexico">New Mexico</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Colorado" title="Colorado">Colorado</a> have large commercial sheep flocks and their mainstay is the <a href="/wiki/Rambouillet_(sheep)" class="mw-redirect" title="Rambouillet (sheep)">Rambouillet</a> (or French Merino). Also, a thriving home-flock contingent of small-scale farmers raise small hobby flocks of specialty sheep for the hand-spinning market. These small-scale farmers offer a wide selection of fleece. Global woolclip (total amount of wool shorn) 2020<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Rank</th> <th>Country</th> <th>% </th></tr> <tr> <td>1</td> <td>China</td> <td>19<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2</td> <td>Australia</td> <td>16 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3</td> <td>New Zealand</td> <td><span aria-hidden="true" style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent;">0</span>8 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4</td> <td>Turkey</td> <td><span aria-hidden="true" style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent;">0</span>4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>5</td> <td>United Kingdom</td> <td><span aria-hidden="true" style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent;">0</span>4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>6</td> <td>Morocco</td> <td><span aria-hidden="true" style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent;">0</span>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>7</td> <td>Iran</td> <td><span aria-hidden="true" style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent;">0</span>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>8</td> <td>Russia</td> <td><span aria-hidden="true" style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent;">0</span>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>9</td> <td>South Africa</td> <td><span aria-hidden="true" style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent;">0</span>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>10</td> <td>India</td> <td><span aria-hidden="true" style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent;">0</span>3 </td></tr></tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">percent of global wool-clip (334 million kilograms [740 million pounds] greasy, 2020)</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <p>Organic wool has gained in popularity. This wool is limited in supply and much of it comes from New Zealand and Australia.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Organic wool has become easier to find in clothing and other products, but these products often carry a higher price. </p><p>Wool is environmentally preferable (as compared to petroleum-based nylon or <a href="/wiki/Polypropylene" title="Polypropylene">polypropylene</a>) as a material for <a href="/wiki/Carpetlayer" class="mw-redirect" title="Carpetlayer">carpets</a>, as well, in particular when combined with a natural binding and the use of <a href="/wiki/Formaldehyde" title="Formaldehyde">formaldehyde</a>-free glues. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Animal_rights" title="Animal rights">Animal rights</a> groups have noted issues with the production of wool, such as <a href="/wiki/Mulesing" title="Mulesing">mulesing</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Marketing">Marketing</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wool&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Marketing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Wool" title="Special:EditPage/Wool">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">December 2017</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Australia">Australia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wool&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Australia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:CSIRO_ScienceImage_1054_Wool_Fibre_of_the_gods.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/CSIRO_ScienceImage_1054_Wool_Fibre_of_the_gods.jpg/220px-CSIRO_ScienceImage_1054_Wool_Fibre_of_the_gods.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/CSIRO_ScienceImage_1054_Wool_Fibre_of_the_gods.jpg/330px-CSIRO_ScienceImage_1054_Wool_Fibre_of_the_gods.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/CSIRO_ScienceImage_1054_Wool_Fibre_of_the_gods.jpg/440px-CSIRO_ScienceImage_1054_Wool_Fibre_of_the_gods.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2657" data-file-height="1822" /></a><figcaption>"Wool: Fibre of the gods, created – not man-made" <a href="/wiki/CSIRO" title="CSIRO">CSIRO</a> marketing poster describing the benefits of wool</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Wool_samples.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Wool_samples.JPG/220px-Wool_samples.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Wool_samples.JPG/330px-Wool_samples.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Wool_samples.JPG/440px-Wool_samples.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a><figcaption>Merino wool samples for sale by <a href="/wiki/Auction" title="Auction">auction</a>, Newcastle, <a href="/wiki/New_South_Wales" title="New South Wales">New South Wales</a></figcaption></figure> <p>About 85% of wool sold in Australia is sold by open cry <a href="/wiki/Auction" title="Auction">auction</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ABS-7215.0-LivestockProductsAustralia-BrokersDealersReceivalsTaxableWool-AllSeries-BrokersDealersReceivalsTaxableWool-Australia-A2060656A.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/ABS-7215.0-LivestockProductsAustralia-BrokersDealersReceivalsTaxableWool-AllSeries-BrokersDealersReceivalsTaxableWool-Australia-A2060656A.svg/250px-ABS-7215.0-LivestockProductsAustralia-BrokersDealersReceivalsTaxableWool-AllSeries-BrokersDealersReceivalsTaxableWool-Australia-A2060656A.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/ABS-7215.0-LivestockProductsAustralia-BrokersDealersReceivalsTaxableWool-AllSeries-BrokersDealersReceivalsTaxableWool-Australia-A2060656A.svg/330px-ABS-7215.0-LivestockProductsAustralia-BrokersDealersReceivalsTaxableWool-AllSeries-BrokersDealersReceivalsTaxableWool-Australia-A2060656A.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/ABS-7215.0-LivestockProductsAustralia-BrokersDealersReceivalsTaxableWool-AllSeries-BrokersDealersReceivalsTaxableWool-Australia-A2060656A.svg/500px-ABS-7215.0-LivestockProductsAustralia-BrokersDealersReceivalsTaxableWool-AllSeries-BrokersDealersReceivalsTaxableWool-Australia-A2060656A.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /></a><figcaption>Wool received by Australian brokers and dealers (tonnes/quarter) since 1973</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Wool_auction.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Wool_auction.JPG/250px-Wool_auction.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Wool_auction.JPG/330px-Wool_auction.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Wool_auction.JPG/500px-Wool_auction.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1682" /></a><figcaption>Wool buyers' room at a wool auction, Newcastle, New South Wales</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_countries">Other countries</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wool&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Other countries"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Wanha_Villatehdas.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Wanha_Villatehdas.jpg/220px-Wanha_Villatehdas.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Wanha_Villatehdas.jpg/330px-Wanha_Villatehdas.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Wanha_Villatehdas.jpg/440px-Wanha_Villatehdas.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="2916" /></a><figcaption><i>Wanha Villatehdas</i>, a former wool factory in <a href="/wiki/Hyvink%C3%A4%C3%A4" title="Hyvinkää">Hyvinkää</a>, <a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/British_Wool_Marketing_Board" title="British Wool Marketing Board">British Wool Marketing Board</a> operates a central marketing system for UK fleece wool with the aim of achieving the best possible net returns for farmers. </p><p>Less than half of New Zealand's wool is sold at auction, while around 45% of farmers sell wool directly to private buyers and end-users.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>United States sheep producers market wool with private or cooperative wool warehouses, but wool pools are common in many states. In some cases, wool is pooled in a local market area, but sold through a wool warehouse. Wool offered with objective measurement test results is preferred. Imported apparel wool and carpet wool goes directly to central markets, where it is handled by the large merchants and manufacturers.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Yarn">Yarn</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wool&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Yarn"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Worsted_wool_yarn.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Worsted_wool_yarn.JPG/250px-Worsted_wool_yarn.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="183" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Worsted_wool_yarn.JPG/330px-Worsted_wool_yarn.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Worsted_wool_yarn.JPG/500px-Worsted_wool_yarn.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3275" data-file-height="2725" /></a><figcaption> Woollen <a href="/wiki/Yarn" title="Yarn">yarn</a></figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Shoddy" class="mw-redirect" title="Shoddy">Shoddy</a> or recycled wool is made by cutting or tearing apart existing wool fabric and respinning the resulting fibers.<sup id="cite_ref-Kadolph_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kadolph-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As this process makes the wool fibers shorter, the remanufactured fabric is inferior to the original. The recycled wool may be mixed with raw wool, wool <a href="/wiki/Noil" title="Noil">noil</a>, or another fiber such as cotton to increase the average fiber length. Such <a href="/wiki/Yarn" title="Yarn">yarns</a> are typically used as <a href="/wiki/Weft" class="mw-redirect" title="Weft">weft</a> yarns with a cotton <a href="/wiki/Warp_(weaving)" class="mw-redirect" title="Warp (weaving)">warp</a>. This process was invented in the <a href="/wiki/Heavy_Woollen_District" title="Heavy Woollen District">Heavy Woollen District</a> of <a href="/wiki/West_Yorkshire" title="West Yorkshire">West Yorkshire</a> and created a microeconomy in this area for many years.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Worsted" title="Worsted">Worsted</a> is a strong, long-<a href="/wiki/Staple_(wool)" title="Staple (wool)">staple</a>, <a href="/wiki/Combing" title="Combing">combed</a> wool yarn with a hard surface.<sup id="cite_ref-Kadolph_39-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kadolph-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Woolen" title="Woolen">Woolen</a> is a soft, short-staple, <a href="/wiki/Carding" title="Carding">carded</a> wool yarn typically used for knitting.<sup id="cite_ref-Kadolph_39-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kadolph-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In traditional weaving, woolen weft yarn (for softness and warmth) is frequently combined with a worsted warp yarn for strength on the loom.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Uses">Uses</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wool&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Uses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In addition to clothing, wool has been used for <a href="/wiki/Blankets" class="mw-redirect" title="Blankets">blankets</a>, <a href="/wiki/Suit" title="Suit">suits</a>, <a href="/wiki/Horse_blanket" title="Horse blanket">horse rugs</a>, saddle cloths, <a href="/wiki/Carpeting" class="mw-redirect" title="Carpeting">carpeting</a>, insulation and upholstery. Dyed wool can be used to create other forms of art such as wet and needle felting. Wool felt covers piano hammers, and it is used to absorb odors and noise in heavy machinery and stereo speakers. Ancient Greeks lined their helmets with felt, and Roman legionnaires used breastplates made of wool felt. </p><p>Wool as well as cotton has also been traditionally used for <a href="/wiki/Cloth_diapers" class="mw-redirect" title="Cloth diapers">cloth diapers</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Wool fiber exteriors are hydrophobic (repel water) and the interior of the wool fiber is <a href="/wiki/Hygroscopic" class="mw-redirect" title="Hygroscopic">hygroscopic</a> (attracts water); this makes a wool garment suitable cover for a wet diaper by inhibiting wicking, so outer garments remain dry. Wool felted and treated with <a href="/wiki/Lanolin" title="Lanolin">lanolin</a> is water resistant, air permeable, and slightly antibacterial, so it resists the buildup of odor. Some modern cloth diapers use felted wool fabric for covers, and there are several modern commercial knitting patterns for wool diaper covers. </p><p>Initial studies of woollen underwear have found it prevented heat and sweat rashes because it more readily absorbs the moisture than other fibers.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As an animal protein, wool can be used as a soil fertilizer, being a slow-release source of nitrogen. </p><p>Researchers at the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Melbourne_Institute_of_Technology" title="Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology">Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology</a> school of fashion and textiles have discovered a blend of wool and <a href="/wiki/Kevlar" title="Kevlar">Kevlar</a>, the synthetic fiber widely used in body armor, was lighter, cheaper and worked better in damp conditions than Kevlar alone. Kevlar, when used alone, loses about 20% of its effectiveness when wet, so required an expensive waterproofing process. Wool increased friction in a vest with 28–30 layers of fabric, to provide the same level of bullet resistance as 36 layers of Kevlar alone.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Events">Events</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wool&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Events"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lady_Weaving_Wool.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Lady_Weaving_Wool.JPG/220px-Lady_Weaving_Wool.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Lady_Weaving_Wool.JPG/330px-Lady_Weaving_Wool.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Lady_Weaving_Wool.JPG/440px-Lady_Weaving_Wool.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3472" data-file-height="2604" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Andes" title="Andes">Andean</a> woman sorting wool as part of the theme park <a href="/wiki/Los_Aleros" title="Los Aleros">Los Aleros</a> in <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9rida,_M%C3%A9rida" title="Mérida, Mérida">Mérida</a>, <a href="/wiki/Venezuela" title="Venezuela">Venezuela</a></figcaption></figure> <p>A buyer of <a href="/wiki/Merino_wool" class="mw-redirect" title="Merino wool">Merino wool</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ermenegildo_Zegna_(businessman)" title="Ermenegildo Zegna (businessman)">Ermenegildo Zegna</a>, has offered awards for Australian wool producers. In 1963, the first Ermenegildo Zegna Perpetual Trophy was presented in Tasmania for growers of "Superfine skirted Merino fleece". In 1980, a national award, the Ermenegildo Zegna Trophy for Extrafine Wool Production, was launched. In 2004, this award became known as the Ermenegildo Zegna Unprotected Wool Trophy. In 1998, an Ermenegildo Zegna Protected Wool Trophy was launched for fleece from sheep coated for around nine months of the year. </p><p>In 2002, the Ermenegildo Zegna Vellus Aureum Trophy was launched for wool that is 13.9 microns or finer. Wool from Australia, New Zealand, Argentina, and South Africa may enter, and a winner is named from each country.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In April 2008, New Zealand won the Ermenegildo Zegna Vellus Aureum Trophy for the first time with a fleece that measured 10.8 microns. This contest awards the winning fleece weight with the same weight in gold as a prize, hence the name. </p><p>In 2010, an ultrafine, 10-micron fleece, from Windradeen, near Pyramul, New South Wales, won the Ermenegildo Zegna Vellus Aureum International Trophy.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Since 2000, <a href="/wiki/Loro_Piana" title="Loro Piana">Loro Piana</a> has awarded a cup for the world's finest bale of wool that produces just enough fabric for 50 tailor-made suits. The prize is awarded to an Australian or New Zealand wool grower who produces the year's finest bale.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/New_England_(Australia)" class="mw-redirect" title="New England (Australia)">New England</a> Merino Field days which display local studs, wool, and sheep are held during January, in even numbered years around the <a href="/wiki/Walcha,_New_South_Wales" title="Walcha, New South Wales">Walcha, New South Wales</a> district. The Annual Wool Fashion Awards, which showcase the use of Merino wool by fashion designers, are hosted by the city of <a href="/wiki/Armidale" title="Armidale">Armidale</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_South_Wales" title="New South Wales">New South Wales</a>, in March each year. This event encourages young and established fashion designers to display their talents. During each May, Armidale hosts the annual New England Wool Expo to display wool fashions, handicrafts, demonstrations, shearing competitions, yard dog trials, and more.<sup id="cite_ref-Braaten_2005_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Braaten_2005-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In July, the annual Australian Sheep and Wool Show is held in <a href="/wiki/Bendigo" title="Bendigo">Bendigo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Victoria,_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Victoria, Australia">Victoria</a>. This is the largest sheep and wool show in the world, with goats and alpacas, as well as woolcraft competitions and displays, fleece competitions, sheepdog trials, shearing, and wool handling. The largest competition in the world for objectively measured fleeces is the Australian Fleece Competition, which is held annually at Bendigo. In 2008, 475 entries came from all states of Australia, with first and second prizes going to the <a href="/wiki/Northern_Tablelands" title="Northern Tablelands">Northern Tablelands</a> fleeces.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wool&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_clothing_and_textiles_technology" title="Timeline of clothing and textiles technology">Timeline of clothing and textiles technology</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Production_2">Production</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wool&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Production"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 18em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_sheep_husbandry" title="Glossary of sheep husbandry">Glossary of sheep husbandry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lambswool" title="Lambswool">Lambswool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheep_husbandry" class="mw-redirect" title="Sheep husbandry">Sheep husbandry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheep_shearing" title="Sheep shearing">Sheep shearing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wool_bale" title="Wool bale">Wool bale</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Processing_2">Processing</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wool&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Processing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115" /><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 18em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canvas_work" class="mw-redirect" title="Canvas work">Canvas work</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carding" title="Carding">Carding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Combing" title="Combing">Combing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dyeing" title="Dyeing">Dyeing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fulling" title="Fulling">Fulling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knitting" title="Knitting">Knitting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spinning_(textiles)" title="Spinning (textiles)">Spinning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Textile_manufacturing" title="Textile manufacturing">Textile manufacturing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weaving" title="Weaving">Weaving</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Refined_products">Refined products</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wool&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Refined products"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115" /><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 18em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Felt" title="Felt">Felt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiber_art" title="Fiber art">Fiber art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tweed_(cloth)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tweed (cloth)">Tweed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Worsted" title="Worsted">Worsted</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yarn" title="Yarn">Yarn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wool_crepe" class="mw-redirect" title="Wool crepe">Wool crepe</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Organizations">Organizations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wool&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Organizations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115" /><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 18em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_Wool_Marketing_Board" title="British Wool Marketing Board">British Wool Marketing Board</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IWTO" class="mw-redirect" title="IWTO">IWTO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Worshipful_Company_of_Woolmen" title="Worshipful Company of Woolmen">Worshipful Company of Woolmen</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Miscellaneous_wool_and_animal_textiles">Miscellaneous wool and animal textiles</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wool&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Miscellaneous wool and animal textiles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115" /><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 18em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alpaca_wool" class="mw-redirect" title="Alpaca wool">Alpaca wool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angora_wool" title="Angora wool">Angora wool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camel_hair" title="Camel hair">Camel hair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cashmere_wool" title="Cashmere wool">Cashmere wool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chiengora" title="Chiengora">Chiengora wool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Llama_wool" class="mw-redirect" title="Llama wool">Llama wool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lopi_(knitting)" title="Lopi (knitting)">Lopi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohair" title="Mohair">Mohair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pashmina" class="mw-redirect" title="Pashmina">Pashmina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qiviut" title="Qiviut">Qiviut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shahtoosh" title="Shahtoosh">Shahtoosh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_fur" title="Tibetan fur">Tibetan fur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vicu%C3%B1a_wool" title="Vicuña wool">Vicuña wool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yak_fiber" title="Yak fiber">Yak fiber</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Inorganic_wool">Inorganic wool</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wool&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Inorganic wool"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115" /><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 18em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Glass_wool" title="Glass wool">Glass wool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mineral_wool" title="Mineral wool">Mineral wool</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wool&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626" /><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Braaten_2005-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Braaten_2005_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Braaten_2005_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Braaten_2005_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Braaten_2005_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFBraaten2005" class="citation book cs1">Braaten, Ann W. (2005). "Wool". In Steele, Valerie (ed.). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofcl00vale"><i>Encyclopedia of Clothing and Fashion</i></a></span>. Vol. 3. <a href="/wiki/Thomson_Gale" class="mw-redirect" title="Thomson Gale">Thomson Gale</a>. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofcl00vale/page/n471">441</a>–443. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-684-31394-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-684-31394-4"><bdi>0-684-31394-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Wool&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Clothing+and+Fashion&rft.pages=441-443&rft.pub=Thomson+Gale&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=0-684-31394-4&rft.aulast=Braaten&rft.aufirst=Ann+W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fencyclopediaofcl00vale&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWool" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSimmons2009" class="citation book cs1">Simmons, Paula (2009). <i>Storey's Guide to Raising Sheep</i>. North Adams, MA: Storey Publishing. pp. <span class="nowrap">315–</span>316.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Storey%27s+Guide+to+Raising+Sheep&rft.place=North+Adams%2C+MA&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E315-%3C%2Fspan%3E316&rft.pub=Storey+Publishing&rft.date=2009&rft.aulast=Simmons&rft.aufirst=Paula&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWool" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFD'Arcy1986" class="citation book cs1">D'Arcy, John B. (1986). <i>Sheep and Wool Technology</i>. Kensington: NSW University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-86840-106-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-86840-106-4"><bdi>0-86840-106-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sheep+and+Wool+Technology&rft.place=Kensington&rft.pub=NSW+University+Press&rft.date=1986&rft.isbn=0-86840-106-4&rft.aulast=D%27Arcy&rft.aufirst=John+B.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWool" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aussiesheepandwool.com.au/webcontent5.htm">Wool Facts</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140526094929/http://www.aussiesheepandwool.com.au/webcontent5.htm">Archived</a> 2014-05-26 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Aussiesheepandwool.com.au. Retrieved on 2012-08-05.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tricountyfarm.org/oregon_wool.asp">Wool History</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080509143234/http://www.tricountyfarm.org/oregon_wool.asp">Archived</a> 2008-05-09 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Tricountyfarm.org. Retrieved on 2012-08-05.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-The_Land_p.46-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-The_Land_p.46_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-The_Land_p.46_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">The Land, Merinos – Going for Green and Gold, p.46, US use flame resistance, 21 August 2008</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAdmaniJacob2014" class="citation journal cs1">Admani, Shehla; Jacob, Sharon E. (2014-04-01). "Allergic contact dermatitis in children: review of the past decade". <i>Current Allergy and Asthma Reports</i>. <b>14</b> (4): 421. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs11882-014-0421-0">10.1007/s11882-014-0421-0</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24504525">24504525</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:33537360">33537360</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Current+Allergy+and+Asthma+Reports&rft.atitle=Allergic+contact+dermatitis+in+children%3A+review+of+the+past+decade&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=421&rft.date=2014-04-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A33537360%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F24504525&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs11882-014-0421-0&rft.aulast=Admani&rft.aufirst=Shehla&rft.au=Jacob%2C+Sharon+E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWool" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AWEX_w-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-AWEX_w_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AWEX_w_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AWEX_w_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AWEX_w_8-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AWEX_w_8-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Preparation of Australian Wool Clips, Code of Practice 2010–2012, Australian Wool Exchange (AWEX), 2010</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.austehc.unimelb.edu.au/tia/267.html">"Technology in Australia 1788–1988"</a>. Australian Science and Technology Heritage Center. 2001. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060514094411/http://www.austehc.unimelb.edu.au/tia/267.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2006-05-14<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2006-04-30</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Technology+in+Australia+1788%E2%80%931988&rft.pub=Australian+Science+and+Technology+Heritage+Center&rft.date=2001&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.austehc.unimelb.edu.au%2Ftia%2F267.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWool" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWu_Zhao1987" class="citation thesis cs1">Wu Zhao (1987). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141030125807/http://trove.nla.gov.au/work/18809758?selectedversion=NBD5989374"><i>A study of wool carbonizing</i></a> (PhD). University of New South Wales. School of Fibre Science and Technology. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://trove.nla.gov.au/work/18809758?selectedversion=NBD5989374">the original</a> on 30 October 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adissertation&rft.title=A+study+of+wool+carbonizing&rft.inst=University+of+New+South+Wales.+School+of+Fibre+Science+and+Technology&rft.date=1987&rft.au=Wu+Zhao&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftrove.nla.gov.au%2Fwork%2F18809758%3Fselectedversion%3DNBD5989374&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWool" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBradford_Industrial_Museum2015-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBradford_Industrial_Museum2015_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBradford_Industrial_Museum2015">Bradford Industrial Museum 2015</a>.<span class="error harv-error" style="display: none; font-size:100%"> sfn error: no target: CITEREFBradford_Industrial_Museum2015 (<a href="/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" title="Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Australia-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Australia_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061105005633/http://www.merinos.com.au/history.asp">"Merino Sheep in Australia"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.merinos.com.au/history.asp">the original</a> on 2006-11-05<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2006-11-10</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Merino+Sheep+in+Australia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.merinos.com.au%2Fhistory.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWool" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFVan_Nostran" class="citation web cs1">Van Nostran, Don. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100101063804/http://www.midstateswoolgrowers.com/management.htm">"Wool Management – Maximizing Wool Returns"</a>. Mid-States Wool growers Cooperative Association. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.midstateswoolgrowers.com/management.htm">the original</a> on 2010-01-01<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2006-11-10</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Wool+Management+%E2%80%93+Maximizing+Wool+Returns&rft.pub=Mid-States+Wool+growers+Cooperative+Association&rft.aulast=Van+Nostran&rft.aufirst=Don&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.midstateswoolgrowers.com%2Fmanagement.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWool" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-D'Arcy-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-D'Arcy_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFD'Arcy1986" class="citation book cs1">D'Arcy, John B. (1986). <i>Sheep Management & Wool Technology</i>. NSW University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-86840-106-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-86840-106-4"><bdi>0-86840-106-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sheep+Management+%26+Wool+Technology&rft.pub=NSW+University+Press&rft.date=1986&rft.isbn=0-86840-106-4&rft.aulast=D%27Arcy&rft.aufirst=John+B.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWool" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120718231815/http://www.awex.com.au/standards/1pp-certification.html">"1PP Certification"</a>. <i>Australian Wool Exchange</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.awex.com.au/standards/1pp-certification.html">the original</a> on 2012-07-18.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Australian+Wool+Exchange&rft.atitle=1PP+Certification&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.awex.com.au%2Fstandards%2F1pp-certification.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWool" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Freer-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Freer_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Freer_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Freer_16-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Freer_16-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Robert E. Freer. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ftc.gov/system/files/documents/public_statements/674191/194607_freer_the_wool_products_labeling_act_of_1939.pdf">"The Wool Products Labeling Act of 1939."</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160605081144/https://www.ftc.gov/system/files/documents/public_statements/674191/194607_freer_the_wool_products_labeling_act_of_1939.pdf">Archived</a> 2016-06-05 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <i>Temple Law Quarterly.</i> <b>20.1</b> (July 1946). p. 47. Reprinted at ftc.gov. Retrieved 1 May 2016.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFEnsmingerR._O._Parker1986" class="citation book cs1">Ensminger, M. E.; R. O. Parker (1986). <i>Sheep and Goat Science, Fifth Edition</i>. Danville, Illinois: The Interstate Printers and Publishers Inc. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8134-2464-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-8134-2464-X"><bdi>0-8134-2464-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sheep+and+Goat+Science%2C+Fifth+Edition&rft.place=Danville%2C+Illinois&rft.pub=The+Interstate+Printers+and+Publishers+Inc&rft.date=1986&rft.isbn=0-8134-2464-X&rft.aulast=Ensminger&rft.aufirst=M.+E.&rft.au=R.+O.+Parker&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWool" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWeaver2005" class="citation book cs1">Weaver, Sue (2005). <i>Sheep: small-scale sheep keeping for pleasure and profit</i>. Irvine, CA: Hobby Farm Press, an imprint of BowTie Press, a division of BowTie Inc. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-931993-49-1" title="Special:BookSources/1-931993-49-1"><bdi>1-931993-49-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sheep%3A+small-scale+sheep+keeping+for+pleasure+and+profit&rft.place=Irvine%2C+CA&rft.pub=Hobby+Farm+Press%2C+an+imprint+of+BowTie+Press%2C+a+division+of+BowTie+Inc.&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=1-931993-49-1&rft.aulast=Weaver&rft.aufirst=Sue&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWool" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSmithKennedyAseltine1997" class="citation book cs1">Smith, Barbara; Kennedy, Gerald; Aseltine, Mark (1997). <i>Beginning Shepherd's Manual, Second Edition</i>. Ames, IA: Iowa State University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8138-2799-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-8138-2799-X"><bdi>0-8138-2799-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Beginning+Shepherd%27s+Manual%2C+Second+Edition&rft.place=Ames%2C+IA&rft.pub=Iowa+State+University+Press&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=0-8138-2799-X&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Barbara&rft.au=Kennedy%2C+Gerald&rft.au=Aseltine%2C+Mark&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWool" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20060828001755/http://www.woolmark.com/about_education_fibre.php?PHPSESSID=10d80556668ed0847e77b83c64c3c225">"Fibre history"</a>. Woolmark. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.woolmark.com/about_education_fibre.php?PHPSESSID=10d80556668ed0847e77b83c64c3c225">the original</a> on 2006-08-28.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Fibre+history&rft.pub=Woolmark&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.woolmark.com%2Fabout_education_fibre.php%3FPHPSESSID%3D10d80556668ed0847e77b83c64c3c225&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWool" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Braudel-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Braudel_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Braudel_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Braudel_21-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Braudel_21-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Fernand_Braudel" title="Fernand Braudel">Fernand Braudel</a>, 1982. <i>The Wheels of Commerce</i>, vol 2 of <i>Civilization and Capitalism</i> (New York:Harper & Row), pp.312–317</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBellBrooksDryburgh2007" class="citation book cs1">Bell, Adrian R.; <a href="/wiki/Chris_Brooks_(academic)" title="Chris Brooks (academic)">Brooks, Chris</a>; Dryburgh, Paul (2007). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/englishwoolmarke0000bell"><i>The English Wool Market, c.1230–1327</i></a></span>. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780521859417" title="Special:BookSources/9780521859417"><bdi>9780521859417</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+English+Wool+Market%2C+c.1230%E2%80%931327&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=9780521859417&rft.aulast=Bell&rft.aufirst=Adrian+R.&rft.au=Brooks%2C+Chris&rft.au=Dryburgh%2C+Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fenglishwoolmarke0000bell&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWool" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFParks1954" class="citation book cs1">Parks, George Bruner (1954). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=h64LEYa_cVAC"><i>The English Traveler to Italy</i></a>. Storia e letteratura, volume 46. Vol. 1. Rome: Edizioni di Storia e Letteratura. p. 407<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 February</span> 2025</span>. <q>[...] the establishment at Pisa of a factory [...] which would export its cloths to the Crimea in exchange for Russian furs. [...] Portinari thought of making Pisa a wool centre for the Mediterranean, whence English wool might be dispatched to Florence, Genoa, and Milan for manufacture, and Spanish wool be manufactured in Pisa for export to the east</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+English+Traveler+to+Italy&rft.place=Rome&rft.series=Storia+e+letteratura%2C+volume+46&rft.pages=407&rft.pub=Edizioni+di+Storia+e+Letteratura&rft.date=1954&rft.aulast=Parks&rft.aufirst=George+Bruner&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dh64LEYa_cVAC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWool" class="Z3988"></span> </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thebhc.org/sites/default/files/ammannati.pdf">"Florentine Woolen Manufacture in the Sixteenth Century:Crisis and New Entrepreneurial Strategies"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>THe Business History Conference</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=THe+Business+History+Conference&rft.atitle=Florentine+Woolen+Manufacture+in+the+Sixteenth+Century%3ACrisis+and+New+Entrepreneurial+Strategies&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthebhc.org%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Fammannati.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWool" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.teara.govt.nz/NewZealandInBrief/Economy/10/en">"The end of pastoral dominance"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070819142006/http://www.teara.govt.nz/NewZealandInBrief/Economy/10/en">Archived</a> 2007-08-19 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Teara.govt.nz (2009-03-03). Retrieved on 2012-08-05.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.abs.gov.au/Ausstats/abs@.nsf/90a12181d877a6a6ca2568b5007b861c/3852d05cd2263db5ca2569de0026c588!OpenDocument">1301.0 – Year Book Australia, 2000</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170701015749/http://www.abs.gov.au/Ausstats/abs@.nsf/90a12181d877a6a6ca2568b5007b861c/3852d05cd2263db5ca2569de0026c588!OpenDocument">Archived</a> 2017-07-01 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Australian Bureau of Statistics</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://johnhanly.com/blog/the-history-of-wool/">"The History of Wool"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150427111507/http://johnhanly.com/blog/the-history-of-wool/">Archived</a> 2015-04-27 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. johnhanly.com</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://knitting.about.com/od/knittingglossary/g/superwash_wool.htm">Superwash Wool</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090309080945/http://knitting.about.com/od/knittingglossary/g/superwash_wool.htm">Archived</a> 2009-03-09 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Retrieved on 10 November 2008</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050616181510/http://landmark.com.au/doc_display.asp?id=10296&cat=118&topid=118">World’s Finest Bale Record Broken</a>. landmark.com.au, 22 November 2004</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Country Leader, NSW Wool Sells for a Quarter of a Million, 7 July 2008</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.abc.net.au/rural/nsw/content/2006/s2368239.htm">Shower suit</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110822082234/http://www.abc.net.au/rural/nsw/content/2006/s2368239.htm">Archived</a> 2011-08-22 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Retrieved on 11 November 2008</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sheep101.info/wool.html">"Sheep 101"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161128052739/http://www.sheep101.info/wool.html">Archived</a> from the original on 28 November 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 September</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sheep+101&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sheep101.info%2Fwool.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWool" class="Z3988"></span> According to this chart, US production is around 10,000 tonnes (11,000 short tons), hugely at variance with the percentage list, and way outside year-to-year variability.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/QC/visualize">"FAOSTAT"</a>. <a href="/wiki/FAOSTAT" class="mw-redirect" title="FAOSTAT">FAOSTAT</a> (Food And Agriculture Organization Of The United Nations Statistics)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 17,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=FAOSTAT&rft.pub=FAOSTAT+%28Food+And+Agriculture+Organization+Of+The+United+Nations+Statistics%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fao.org%2Ffaostat%2Fen%2F%23data%2FQC%2Fvisualize&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWool" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSpeer2006" class="citation magazine cs1">Speer, Jordan K. (2006-05-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://apparel.edgl.com/old-magazine/Shearing-the-Edge-of-Innovation64530">"Shearing the Edge of Innovation"</a>. <i>Apparel Magazine</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150526050846/http://apparel.edgl.com/old-magazine/Shearing-the-Edge-of-Innovation64530">Archived</a> from the original on 2015-05-26.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Apparel+Magazine&rft.atitle=Shearing+the+Edge+of+Innovation&rft.date=2006-05-01&rft.aulast=Speer&rft.aufirst=Jordan+K.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fapparel.edgl.com%2Fold-magazine%2FShearing-the-Edge-of-Innovation64530&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWool" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBolt2004" class="citation web cs1">Bolt, C (2004-04-07). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theage.com.au/business/awh-to-set-up-wool-auctions-20040407-gdxmtw.html">"AWH to set up wool auctions"</a>. <i>The Age</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-05-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Age&rft.atitle=AWH+to+set+up+wool+auctions&rft.date=2004-04-07&rft.aulast=Bolt&rft.aufirst=C&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theage.com.au%2Fbusiness%2Fawh-to-set-up-wool-auctions-20040407-gdxmtw.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWool" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100212175838/http://www.maf.govt.nz/mafnet/rural-nz/overview/nzoverview009.htm">Wool Production in New Zealand</a>. maf.govt.nz</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071113055826/http://www.sheepusa.org/index.phtml?page=site%2Ftext&nav_id=b5cd92c158e527a90be72c1ce8be84a2">Wool Marketing</a>. sheepusa.org</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kadolph-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Kadolph_39-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kadolph_39-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kadolph_39-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKadolph2007" class="citation book cs1">Kadolph, Sara J, ed. (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/textiles0010kado/page/63"><i>Textiles</i></a> (10 ed.). Pearson/Prentice-Hall. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/textiles0010kado/page/63">63</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-13-118769-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-13-118769-6"><bdi>978-0-13-118769-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Textiles&rft.pages=63&rft.edition=10&rft.pub=Pearson%2FPrentice-Hall&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-13-118769-6&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ftextiles0010kado%2Fpage%2F63&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWool" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFShell" class="citation web cs1">Shell, Hanna Rose. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cabinetmagazine.org/issues/60/shell.php">"Leftovers / Devil's Dust"</a>. <i>cabinetmagazine.org</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=cabinetmagazine.org&rft.atitle=Leftovers+%2F+Devil%27s+Dust&rft.aulast=Shell&rft.aufirst=Hanna+Rose&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cabinetmagazine.org%2Fissues%2F60%2Fshell.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWool" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFØstergård2004" class="citation book cs1">Østergård, Else (2004). <i>Woven into the Earth: Textiles from Norse Greenland</i>. Aarhus University Press. p. 50. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/87-7288-935-7" title="Special:BookSources/87-7288-935-7"><bdi>87-7288-935-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Woven+into+the+Earth%3A+Textiles+from+Norse+Greenland&rft.pages=50&rft.pub=Aarhus+University+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=87-7288-935-7&rft.aulast=%C3%98sterg%C3%A5rd&rft.aufirst=Else&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWool" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSnodgrass2015" class="citation book cs1">Snodgrass, Mary Ellen (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/910448387"><i>World Clothing and Fashion : an Encyclopedia of History, Culture, and Social Influence</i></a>. Hoboken: Taylor and Francis. pp. <span class="nowrap">49–</span>51. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-317-45167-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-317-45167-9"><bdi>978-1-317-45167-9</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/910448387">910448387</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=World+Clothing+and+Fashion+%3A+an+Encyclopedia+of+History%2C+Culture%2C+and+Social+Influence.&rft.place=Hoboken&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E49-%3C%2Fspan%3E51&rft.pub=Taylor+and+Francis&rft.date=2015&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F910448387&rft.isbn=978-1-317-45167-9&rft.aulast=Snodgrass&rft.aufirst=Mary+Ellen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F910448387&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWool" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.abc.net.au/rural/qld/content/2007/s2282890.htm">ABC Rural Radio: Woodhams, Dr. Libby, <i>New research shows woollen underwear helps prevent rashes</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110823085822/http://www.abc.net.au/rural/qld/content/2007/s2282890.htm">Archived</a> 2011-08-23 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Retrieved 2010-3-24</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBlenkin2011" class="citation news cs1">Blenkin, Max (2011-04-11). "Wool's tough new image". <i>Country Leader</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Country+Leader&rft.atitle=Wool%27s+tough+new+image&rft.date=2011-04-11&rft.aulast=Blenkin&rft.aufirst=Max&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWool" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.powerhousemuseum.com/collection/database/?irn=345179">"2004/51/1 Trophy and plaque, Ermenegildo Zegna Vellus Aureum trophy and plaque, plaster / bronze / silver / gold, trophy designed and made by Not Vital for Ermenegildo Zegna, Switzerland, 2001"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Powerhouse_Museum" title="Powerhouse Museum">Powerhouse Museum</a>, Sydney. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070519134910/http://www.powerhousemuseum.com/collection/database/?irn=345179">Archived</a> from the original on 2007-05-19<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-04-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2004%2F51%2F1+Trophy+and+plaque%2C+Ermenegildo+Zegna+Vellus+Aureum+trophy+and+plaque%2C+plaster+%2F+bronze+%2F+silver+%2F+gold%2C+trophy+designed+and+made+by+Not+Vital+for+Ermenegildo+Zegna%2C+Switzerland%2C+2001&rft.pub=Powerhouse+Museum%2C+Sydney&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.powerhousemuseum.com%2Fcollection%2Fdatabase%2F%3Firn%3D345179&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWool" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Country Leader, 26 April 2010, <i>Finest wool rewarded</i>, Rural Press, North Richmond</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Australian Wool Network News, Issue #19, July 2008</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://webarchive.nla.gov.au/awa/20080727044021/http://walcha.yourguide.com.au/news/local/news/general/fletcher-wins-australian-fleece-comp/1224866.aspx">"Fletcher Wins Australian Fleece Comp"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Walcha_News" title="Walcha News">Walcha News</a></i>. 24 July 2008. p. 3. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.walchanewsonline.com.au/news/local/news/general/fletcher-wins-australian-fleece-comp/1224866.aspx">the original</a> on 27 July 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 August</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Walcha+News&rft.atitle=Fletcher+Wins+Australian+Fleece+Comp&rft.pages=3&rft.date=2008-07-24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.walchanewsonline.com.au%2Fnews%2Flocal%2Fnews%2Fgeneral%2Ffletcher-wins-australian-fleece-comp%2F1224866.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWool" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wool&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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/></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wool" class="extiw" title="commons:Wool"><span style="font-style:italic; font-weight:bold;">Wool</span></a>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:The New Student's Reference Work/Story of Wool"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_New_Student%27s_Reference_Work/Story_of_Wool">"Story of Wool" </a></span>. <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:The New Student's Reference Work"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_New_Student%27s_Reference_Work"><i>The New Student's Reference Work</i> </a></span>. 1914.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Story+of+Wool&rft.btitle=The+New+Student%27s+Reference+Work&rft.date=1914&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWool" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:The New International Encyclopædia/Wool"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_New_International_Encyclop%C3%A6dia/Wool">"Wool" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/New_International_Encyclopedia" class="mw-redirect" title="New International Encyclopedia">New International Encyclopedia</a></i>. 1905.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Wool&rft.btitle=New+International+Encyclopedia&rft.date=1905&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWool" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div 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fiber">Natural</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#ecdfc8;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fiber_crop" title="Fiber crop">Plant</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abac%C3%A1" title="Abacá">Abacá</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bagasse" title="Bagasse">Bagasse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bamboo_textile" title="Bamboo textile">Bamboo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musa_basjoo" title="Musa basjoo">Bashō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coir" title="Coir">Coir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cotton" title="Cotton">Cotton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fique" title="Fique">Fique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flax" title="Flax">Flax</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Linen" title="Linen">Linen</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hemp" title="Hemp">Hemp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jute" title="Jute">Jute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceiba_pentandra" title="Ceiba pentandra">Kapok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenaf" title="Kenaf">Kenaf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lotus_silk" title="Lotus silk">Lotus silk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pi%C3%B1a" title="Piña">Piña</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegetable_flannel" title="Vegetable flannel">Pine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raffia_palm" title="Raffia palm">Raffia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramie" title="Ramie">Ramie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rattan" title="Rattan">Rattan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sisal" title="Sisal">Sisal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wood_fibre" title="Wood fibre">Wood</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#ecdfc8;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Animal_fiber" title="Animal fiber">Animal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alpaca_fiber" title="Alpaca fiber">Alpaca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angora_wool" title="Angora wool">Angora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byssus" title="Byssus">Byssus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camel_hair" title="Camel hair">Camel hair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cashmere_wool" title="Cashmere wool">Cashmere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catgut" title="Catgut">Catgut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chiengora" title="Chiengora">Chiengora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guanaco#Guanaco_fiber" title="Guanaco">Guanaco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hair" title="Hair">Hair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Llama#Fiber" title="Llama">Llama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohair" title="Mohair">Mohair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pashmina_(material)" title="Pashmina (material)">Pashmina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qiviut" title="Qiviut">Qiviut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rabbit_hair" title="Rabbit hair">Rabbit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silk" title="Silk">Silk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tendon" title="Tendon">Tendon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spider_silk" title="Spider silk">Spider silk</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Wool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vicu%C3%B1a_wool" title="Vicuña wool">Vicuña</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yak_fiber" title="Yak fiber">Yak</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#ecdfc8;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mineral_fiber" class="mw-redirect" title="Mineral fiber">Mineral</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asbestos" title="Asbestos">Asbestos</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#e7dac1;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fiber#Chemical" title="Fiber">Synthetic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#ecdfc8;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Regenerated_fiber" class="mw-redirect" title="Regenerated fiber">Regenerated</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Artificial_silk" title="Artificial silk">Artificial silk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milk_fiber" title="Milk fiber">Milk fiber</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#ecdfc8;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Semi-synthetic_fiber" class="mw-redirect" title="Semi-synthetic fiber">Semi-synthetic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cellulose_acetate" title="Cellulose acetate">Acetate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cellulose_diacetate" title="Cellulose diacetate">Diacetate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyocell" title="Lyocell">Lyocell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modal_(textile)" class="mw-redirect" title="Modal (textile)">Modal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pi%C3%B1atex" title="Piñatex">Piñatex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rayon" title="Rayon">Rayon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cellulose_triacetate" title="Cellulose triacetate">Triacetate</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#ecdfc8;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mineral_fiber" class="mw-redirect" title="Mineral fiber">Mineral</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Glass_fiber" title="Glass fiber">Glass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carbon_fibers" title="Carbon fibers">Carbon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boron_fiber" title="Boron fiber">Boron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basalt_fiber" title="Basalt fiber">Basalt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metallic_fiber" title="Metallic fiber">Metallic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#ecdfc8;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fiber#Polymer_fibers" title="Fiber">Polymer</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acrylic_fiber" title="Acrylic fiber">Acrylic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aramid" title="Aramid">Aramid</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Twaron" title="Twaron">Twaron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kevlar" title="Kevlar">Kevlar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technora" title="Technora">Technora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nomex" title="Nomex">Nomex</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microfiber" title="Microfiber">Microfiber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modacrylic" title="Modacrylic">Modacrylic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nylon" title="Nylon">Nylon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olefin_fiber" title="Olefin fiber">Olefin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polyester" title="Polyester">Polyester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polyethylene" title="Polyethylene">Polyethylene</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ultra-high-molecular-weight_polyethylene" title="Ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene">UHMWPE</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spandex" title="Spandex">Spandex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vectran" title="Vectran">Vectran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vinylon" title="Vinylon">Vinylon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vinyon" title="Vinyon">Vinyon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zylon" title="Zylon">Zylon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:#e7dac1"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Fibers" title="Category:Fibers">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Fibers" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Fibers">Commons</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Fabric391" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Textile" title="Template:Textile"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Textile" title="Template talk:Textile"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Textile" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Textile"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Fabric391" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Textile" title="Textile">Fabric</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Types</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Woven_fabric" title="Woven fabric">Woven</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abac%C3%A1#Textiles" title="Abacá">Abacá cloth</a> (Medriñaque)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aertex" title="Aertex">Aertex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armazine" title="Armazine">Armazine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Almer%C3%ADan_silk" title="Almerían silk">Almerían silk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barathea" title="Barathea">Barathea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barkcloth" title="Barkcloth">Barkcloth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batiste" class="mw-redirect" title="Batiste">Batiste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bedford_cord" title="Bedford cord">Bedford cord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengaline" title="Bengaline">Bengaline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beta_cloth" title="Beta cloth">Beta cloth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombazine" title="Bombazine">Bombazine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brilliantine_(fabric)" title="Brilliantine (fabric)">Brilliantine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broadcloth" title="Broadcloth">Broadcloth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buckram" title="Buckram">Buckram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bunting_(textile)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bunting (textile)">Bunting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hessian_fabric" title="Hessian fabric">Burlap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byrd_Cloth" title="Byrd Cloth">Byrd Cloth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C_change" title="C change">C change</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calico" title="Calico">Calico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambric" title="Cambric">Cambric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canvas" title="Canvas">Canvas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambric" title="Cambric">Chambray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capilene" class="mw-redirect" title="Capilene">Capilene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cedar_bark_textile" title="Cedar bark textile">Cedar bark textile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Challis_(fabric)" title="Challis (fabric)">Challis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Char_cloth" title="Char cloth">Char cloth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charmeuse" title="Charmeuse">Charmeuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charvet_(fabric)" title="Charvet (fabric)">Charvet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheesecloth" title="Cheesecloth">Cheesecloth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chiffon_(fabric)" title="Chiffon (fabric)">Chiffon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chino_cloth" title="Chino cloth">Chino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chintz" title="Chintz">Chintz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cloqu%C3%A9" title="Cloqué">Cloqué</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cloth_of_gold" title="Cloth of gold">Cloth of gold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cordura" title="Cordura">Cordura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corduroy" title="Corduroy">Corduroy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cotton_duck" title="Cotton duck">Cotton duck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coutil" title="Coutil">Coutil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cr%C3%AApe_(textile)" title="Crêpe (textile)">Crêpe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cretonne" title="Cretonne">Cretonne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denim" title="Denim">Denim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimity" title="Dimity">Dimity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donegal_tweed" title="Donegal tweed">Donegal tweed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dornix" title="Dornix">Dornix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dowlas" title="Dowlas">Dowlas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drill_(fabric)" title="Drill (fabric)">Drill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drugget" title="Drugget">Drugget</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eolienne" title="Eolienne">Eolienne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flannel" title="Flannel">Flannel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foulard" title="Foulard">Foulard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fustian" title="Fustian">Fustian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabardine" title="Gabardine">Gabardine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gauze" title="Gauze">Gauze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gazar" title="Gazar">Gazar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgette_(fabric)" title="Georgette (fabric)">Georgette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghalamkar" class="mw-redirect" title="Ghalamkar">Ghalamkar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gingham" title="Gingham">Gingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grenadine_(cloth)" title="Grenadine (cloth)">Grenadine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grenfell_Cloth" class="mw-redirect" title="Grenfell Cloth">Grenfell Cloth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grosgrain" title="Grosgrain">Grosgrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Habutai" title="Habutai">Habutai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haircloth" title="Haircloth">Haircloth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harris_tweed" title="Harris tweed">Harris tweed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herringbone_(cloth)" title="Herringbone (cloth)">Herringbone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Himroo" title="Himroo">Himroo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hodden" title="Hodden">Hodden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_linen" title="Irish linen">Irish linen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamdani" title="Jamdani">Jamdani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerseymere" title="Kerseymere">Kerseymere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kh%C4%81d%C4%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="Khādī">Khādī</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khaki_drill" title="Khaki drill">Khaki drill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kij%C5%8Dka-bash%C5%8Dfu" title="Kijōka-bashōfu">Kijōka-bashōfu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kente_cloth" title="Kente cloth">Kente cloth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lam%C3%A9_(fabric)" title="Lamé (fabric)">Lamé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawn_cloth" title="Lawn cloth">Lawn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linsey-woolsey" title="Linsey-woolsey">Linsey-woolsey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loden_cape" title="Loden cape">Loden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longcloth" title="Longcloth">Longcloth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mackinaw_cloth" title="Mackinaw cloth">Mackinaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madapollam" title="Madapollam">Madapollam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madras_(cloth)" title="Madras (cloth)">Madras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moleskin" title="Moleskin">Moleskin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muslin" title="Muslin">Muslin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nainsook" title="Nainsook">Nainsook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nankeen" title="Nankeen">Nankeen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ninon" title="Ninon">Ninon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oilskin" title="Oilskin">Oilskin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organdy" title="Organdy">Organdy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organza" title="Organza">Organza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osnaburg" title="Osnaburg">Osnaburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_(textile)" title="Ottoman (textile)">Ottoman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxford_(cloth)" title="Oxford (cloth)">Oxford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paduasoy" title="Paduasoy">Paduasoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Percale" title="Percale">Percale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perpetuana" title="Perpetuana">Perpetuana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pongee" title="Pongee">Pongee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poplin" title="Poplin">Poplin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rakematiz" title="Rakematiz">Rakematiz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rayadillo" title="Rayadillo">Rayadillo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rep_(fabric)" title="Rep (fabric)">Rep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ripstop" title="Ripstop">Ripstop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russell_cord" title="Russell cord">Russell cord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saga_Nishiki" title="Saga Nishiki">Saga Nishiki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samite" title="Samite">Samite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sateen" title="Sateen">Sateen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satin" title="Satin">Satin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saye" title="Saye">Saye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scarlet_(cloth)" title="Scarlet (cloth)">Scarlet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seerhand_muslin" title="Seerhand muslin">Seerhand muslin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seersucker" title="Seersucker">Seersucker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sendal" title="Sendal">Sendal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serge_(fabric)" title="Serge (fabric)">Serge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scrim_(material)" title="Scrim (material)">Scrim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shot_silk" title="Shot silk">Shot silk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stuff_(cloth)" title="Stuff (cloth)">Stuff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taffeta" title="Taffeta">Taffeta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tais" title="Tais">Tais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tartan" title="Tartan">Tartan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ticking" title="Ticking">Ticking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toile" title="Toile">Toile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tucuyo" title="Tucuyo">Tucuyo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tweed" title="Tweed">Tweed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twill" title="Twill">Twill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultrasuede" title="Ultrasuede">Ultrasuede</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegetable_flannel" title="Vegetable flannel">Vegetable flannel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ventile" title="Ventile">Ventile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vinyl_coated_polyester" title="Vinyl coated polyester">Vinyl coated polyester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viyella" title="Viyella">Viyella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voile" title="Voile">Voile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wadmal" title="Wadmal">Wadmal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waffle_fabric" title="Waffle fabric">Waffle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wigan_(fabric)" title="Wigan (fabric)">Wigan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whipcord" title="Whipcord">Whipcord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zephyr_cloth" class="mw-redirect" title="Zephyr cloth">Zephyr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zorbeez" title="Zorbeez">Zorbeez</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Figured <br />woven</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brocade" title="Brocade">Brocade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camlet" title="Camlet">Camlet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Damask" title="Damask">Damask</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lampas" title="Lampas">Lampas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Songket" title="Songket">Songket</a></li> <li><span title="Japanese-language romanization"><i lang="ja-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Rinzu" title="Rinzu">Rinzu</a></i></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pile_(textile)" title="Pile (textile)">Pile woven</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baize" title="Baize">Baize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chenille_fabric" title="Chenille fabric">Chenille</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corduroy" title="Corduroy">Corduroy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crimplene" title="Crimplene">Crimplene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fustian" title="Fustian">Fustian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mockado" title="Mockado">Mockado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moquette" title="Moquette">Moquette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plush" title="Plush">Plush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polar_fleece" title="Polar fleece">Polar fleece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrycloth" title="Terrycloth">Terrycloth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Velours_du_Kasa%C3%AF" title="Velours du Kasaï">Velours du Kasaï</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Velvet" title="Velvet">Velvet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Velveteen" title="Velveteen">Velveteen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zibeline" title="Zibeline">Zibeline</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nonwoven_fabric" title="Nonwoven fabric">Nonwoven</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Felt" title="Felt">Felt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cedar_bark_textile" title="Cedar bark textile">Cedar bark</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Knitted_fabric" title="Knitted fabric">Knitted</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boiled_wool" title="Boiled wool">Boiled wool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coolmax" title="Coolmax">Coolmax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knitting_machine" title="Knitting machine">Machine knitting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milliskin" title="Milliskin">Milliskin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jersey_(fabric)" title="Jersey (fabric)">Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Velour" title="Velour">Velour</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Net_(textile)" title="Net (textile)">Netted</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bobbinet" title="Bobbinet">Bobbinet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carbon_fibers" title="Carbon fibers">Carbon fibers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lace" title="Lace">Lace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesh" title="Mesh">Mesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Needlerun_net" title="Needlerun net">Needlerun net</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ninon" title="Ninon">Ninon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tulle_netting" class="mw-redirect" title="Tulle netting">Tulle</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Technical_textile" title="Technical textile">Technical</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ballistic_nylon" title="Ballistic nylon">Ballistic nylon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ban-Lon" title="Ban-Lon">Ban-Lon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conductive_textile" title="Conductive textile">Conductive textile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darlexx" title="Darlexx">Darlexx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E-textiles" title="E-textiles">E-textiles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gannex" title="Gannex">Gannex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gore-Tex" title="Gore-Tex">Gore-Tex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lenticular_fabric" title="Lenticular fabric">Lenticular fabric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silnylon" title="Silnylon">Silnylon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spandex" title="Spandex">Spandex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stub-tex" class="mw-redirect" title="Stub-tex">Stub-tex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SympaTex" class="mw-redirect" title="SympaTex">SympaTex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windstopper" title="Windstopper">Windstopper</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Patterns</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Argyle_(pattern)" title="Argyle (pattern)">Argyle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bizarre_silk" title="Bizarre silk">Bizarre silk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Check_(pattern)" title="Check (pattern)">Check</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warp_printing" title="Warp printing">Chiné</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glen_plaid" title="Glen plaid">Glen plaid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herringbone_(cloth)" title="Herringbone (cloth)">Herringbone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Houndstooth" title="Houndstooth">Houndstooth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kelsch_d%27Alsace" title="Kelsch d'Alsace">Kelsch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paisley_(design)" title="Paisley (design)">Paisley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinstripes" title="Pinstripes">Pinstripes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polka_dot" title="Polka dot">Polka dot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shweshwe" title="Shweshwe">Shweshwe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tartan" title="Tartan">Tartan or plaid</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tattersall_(cloth)" title="Tattersall (cloth)">Tattersall</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fiber" title="Fiber">Textile fibers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abac%C3%A1" title="Abacá">Abacá</a> (Manila hemp)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acrylic_fiber" title="Acrylic fiber">Acrylic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alpaca_fiber" title="Alpaca fiber">Alpaca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angora_wool" title="Angora wool">Angora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musa_basjoo" title="Musa basjoo">Bashō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cashmere_wool" title="Cashmere wool">Cashmere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coir" title="Coir">Coir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cotton" title="Cotton">Cotton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eisengarn" title="Eisengarn">Eisengarn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hemp" title="Hemp">Hemp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jute" title="Jute">Jute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kevlar" title="Kevlar">Kevlar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linen" title="Linen">Linen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohair" title="Mohair">Mohair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nylon" title="Nylon">Nylon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microfiber" title="Microfiber">Microfiber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olefin_fiber" title="Olefin fiber">Olefin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pashmina" class="mw-redirect" title="Pashmina">Pashmina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polyester" title="Polyester">Polyester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pi%C3%B1a" title="Piña">Piña</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramie" title="Ramie">Ramie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rayon" title="Rayon">Rayon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sea_silk" title="Sea silk">Sea silk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silk" title="Silk">Silk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sisal" title="Sisal">Sisal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spandex" title="Spandex">Spandex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spider_silk" title="Spider silk">Spider silk</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Wool</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Finishing_(textiles)" title="Finishing (textiles)">Finishing</a> and<div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div><a href="/wiki/Textile_printing" title="Textile printing">printing</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Androsia" title="Androsia">Androsia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batik" title="Batik">Batik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beetling" title="Beetling">Beetling</a></li> <li><span title="Japanese-language romanization"><i lang="ja-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Bingata" title="Bingata">Bingata</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%B2g%C3%B2lanfini" title="Bògòlanfini">Bògòlanfini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devor%C3%A9" title="Devoré">Burnout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calendering_(textiles)" title="Calendering (textiles)">Calendering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decatising" title="Decatising">Decatising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devor%C3%A9" title="Devoré">Devoré</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finishing_(textiles)" title="Finishing (textiles)">Finishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fulling" title="Fulling">Fulling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heatsetting" title="Heatsetting">Heatsetting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indienne" title="Indienne">Indienne</a></li> <li><span title="Japanese-language romanization"><i lang="ja-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Kasuri" title="Kasuri">Kasuri</a></i></span></li> <li><span title="Japanese-language romanization"><i lang="ja-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Katazome" title="Katazome">Katazome</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercerised_cotton" class="mw-redirect" title="Mercerised cotton">Mercerization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moire_(fabric)" title="Moire (fabric)">Moire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nap_(textile)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nap (textile)">Nap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parchmentising" title="Parchmentising">Parchmentising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rogan_printing" class="mw-redirect" title="Rogan printing">Rogan printing</a></li> <li><span title="Japanese-language romanization"><i lang="ja-Latn"><a href="/wiki/R%C5%8Dketsuzome" title="Rōketsuzome">Rōketsuzome</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roller_printing_on_textiles" title="Roller printing on textiles">Roller printing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanforization" title="Sanforization">Sanforization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tenterhook" title="Tenterhook">Tenterhook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Textile_printing" title="Textile printing">Textile printing</a></li> <li><span title="Japanese-language romanization"><i lang="ja-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Tsutsugaki" title="Tsutsugaki">Tsutsugaki</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warp_printing" title="Warp printing">Warp printing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waxed_cotton" title="Waxed cotton">Waxed cotton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woodblock_printing_on_textiles" title="Woodblock printing on textiles">Woodblock printing</a></li> <li><span title="Japanese-language romanization"><i lang="ja-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Y%C5%ABzen" title="Yūzen">Yūzen</a></i></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Fabric mills</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carlo_Barbera" title="Carlo Barbera">Carlo Barbera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lanificio_Fratelli_Cerruti" title="Lanificio Fratelli Cerruti">Cerruti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dormeuil" title="Dormeuil">Dormeuil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E._Thomas" title="E. Thomas">E. Thomas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holland_%26_Sherry" title="Holland & Sherry">Holland & Sherry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larusmiani" title="Larusmiani">Larusmiani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loro_Piana" title="Loro Piana">Loro Piana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fratelli_Piacenza" title="Fratelli Piacenza"> Piacenza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reda_(fabric_mill)" title="Reda (fabric mill)">Reda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scabal" title="Scabal">Scabal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vitale_Barberis_Canonico" title="Vitale Barberis Canonico">Vitale Barberis Canonico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zegna" title="Zegna">Zegna</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Manufacturing<div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div>industry</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Textile_design" title="Textile design">Design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Textile_manufacturing" title="Textile manufacturing">Manufacturing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Textile_performance" title="Textile performance">Performance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Textile_preservation" class="mw-redirect" title="Textile preservation">Preservation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Textile_recycling" title="Textile recycling">Recycling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_textile_manufacturing" title="Glossary of textile manufacturing">Terminology</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dyeing" title="Dyeing">Dyeing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiber" title="Fiber">Fiber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_clothing_and_textiles" title="History of clothing and textiles">History of textiles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_silk" title="History of silk">History of silk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knitting" title="Knitting">Knitting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fulling_mill" class="mw-redirect" title="Fulling mill">Pandy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shrinkage_(fabric)" class="mw-redirect" title="Shrinkage (fabric)">Shrinkage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Textile_sample" title="Textile sample">Swatches and strike-offs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synthetic_fabric" class="mw-redirect" title="Synthetic fabric">Synthetic fabric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weaving" title="Weaving">Weaving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yarn" title="Yarn">Yarn</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Clothing_materials_and_parts136" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Clothing_materials_and_parts" title="Template:Clothing materials and parts"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Clothing_materials_and_parts" title="Template talk:Clothing materials and parts"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Clothing_materials_and_parts" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Clothing materials and parts"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Clothing_materials_and_parts136" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Clothing materials and parts</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Garment structures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armscye" title="Armscye">Armscye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collar_(clothing)" title="Collar (clothing)">Collar</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clerical_collar" title="Clerical collar">Clerical collar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collar_stays" class="mw-redirect" title="Collar stays">Collar stays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Detachable_collar" title="Detachable collar">Detachable collar</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuff" title="Cuff">Cuff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dart_(sewing)" title="Dart (sewing)">Dart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Facing_(sewing)" title="Facing (sewing)">Facing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fly_(clothing)" title="Fly (clothing)">Fly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lapel" title="Lapel">Lapel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gore_(segment)" title="Gore (segment)">Gore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hem" title="Hem">Hem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lining_(sewing)" title="Lining (sewing)">Lining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Placket" title="Placket">Placket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pleat" title="Pleat">Pleat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pocket" title="Pocket">Pocket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revers" title="Revers">Revers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruffle_(sewing)" title="Ruffle (sewing)">Ruffle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shoulder_pads_(fashion)" class="mw-redirect" title="Shoulder pads (fashion)">Shoulder pad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shoulder_strap" class="mw-redirect" title="Shoulder strap">Strap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sleeve" title="Sleeve">Sleeve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Train_(clothing)" title="Train (clothing)">Train</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waistband" title="Waistband">Waistband</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoke_(clothing)" title="Yoke (clothing)">Yoke</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Textile" title="Textile">Textiles</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Natural</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cotton" title="Cotton">Cotton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fur_clothing" title="Fur clothing">Fur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linen" title="Linen">Linen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silk" title="Silk">Silk</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Wool</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Synthetic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Artificial_leather" title="Artificial leather">Artificial leather</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elastomer" title="Elastomer">Elastic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nylon" title="Nylon">Nylon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polyester" title="Polyester">Polyester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rayon" title="Rayon">Rayon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spandex" title="Spandex">Spandex</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hide_(skin)" title="Hide (skin)">Animal hides</a> / <a href="/wiki/Leather" title="Leather">leather</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Calfskin" title="Calfskin">Calf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buckskin_(leather)" title="Buckskin (leather)">Deer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goatskin_(material)" title="Goatskin (material)">Goat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kangaroo_leather" title="Kangaroo leather">Kangaroo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ostrich_leather" title="Ostrich leather">Ostrich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sealskin" title="Sealskin">Seal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheepskin" title="Sheepskin">Sheep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snakeskin" title="Snakeskin">Snake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shagreen" title="Shagreen">Stingray</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fastener" title="Fastener">Fasteners</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Back_closure" title="Back closure">Back closure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belt_hook" title="Belt hook">Belt hook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buckle" title="Buckle">Buckle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Button" title="Button">Button</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buttonhole" title="Buttonhole">Buttonhole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frog_(fastening)" title="Frog (fastening)">Frog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shank_(sewing)" title="Shank (sewing)">Shank</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hook-and-eye_closure" title="Hook-and-eye closure">Hook-and-eye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hook-and-loop_fastener" title="Hook-and-loop fastener">Hook-and-loop</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Velcro" class="mw-redirect" title="Velcro">Velcro</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snap_fastener" title="Snap fastener">Snap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zipper" title="Zipper">Zipper</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Seam_(sewing)" title="Seam (sewing)">Seams</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neckline" title="Neckline">Neckline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bustline" title="Bustline">Bustline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waistline_(clothing)" title="Waistline (clothing)">Waistline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hemline" title="Hemline">Hemline</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42329#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1776" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42329#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1776" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42329#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" 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href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85148044">United States</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Laine"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119353831">France</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Laine"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119353831">BnF data</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00574306">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="vlna"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph127135&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007563438405171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hls-dhs-dss.ch/fr/articles/013960">Historical Dictionary of Switzerland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10643873">NARA</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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