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data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Banco_Nacional_de_Panam%C3%A1,_en_v%C3%ADa_Espa%C3%B1a_de_la_ciudad_de_Panam%C3%A1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Banco_Nacional_de_Panam%C3%A1%2C_en_v%C3%ADa_Espa%C3%B1a_de_la_ciudad_de_Panam%C3%A1.jpg/220px-Banco_Nacional_de_Panam%C3%A1%2C_en_v%C3%ADa_Espa%C3%B1a_de_la_ciudad_de_Panam%C3%A1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Banco_Nacional_de_Panam%C3%A1%2C_en_v%C3%ADa_Espa%C3%B1a_de_la_ciudad_de_Panam%C3%A1.jpg/330px-Banco_Nacional_de_Panam%C3%A1%2C_en_v%C3%ADa_Espa%C3%B1a_de_la_ciudad_de_Panam%C3%A1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Banco_Nacional_de_Panam%C3%A1%2C_en_v%C3%ADa_Espa%C3%B1a_de_la_ciudad_de_Panam%C3%A1.jpg/440px-Banco_Nacional_de_Panam%C3%A1%2C_en_v%C3%ADa_Espa%C3%B1a_de_la_ciudad_de_Panam%C3%A1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption> National Bank of Panama, on Via España in Panama City.</figcaption></figure><p>Panama has a substantial financial services sector. The sector grew up providing trade finance for trade passing through the <a href="/wiki/Panama_Canal" title="Panama Canal">Panama Canal</a>, and later evolved into <a href="/wiki/Money_laundering" title="Money laundering">money laundering</a> for the drug trade under <a href="/wiki/Manuel_Noriega" title="Manuel Noriega">Manuel Noriega</a>. </p><p>Panama has had two <a href="/wiki/Panama" title="Panama">Panamanian</a> government-owned banks: the <a href="/wiki/National_Bank_of_Panama" title="National Bank of Panama">National Bank of Panama</a> (<a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a>: <i lang="es">Banco Nacional de Panamá</i>) (BNP) and <i>Caja de Ahorros de Panamá</i> (<a href="/wiki/Savings_Bank" class="mw-redirect" title="Savings Bank">Savings Bank</a> of Panama). Panama has never had a <a href="/wiki/Central_bank" title="Central bank">central bank</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-mises_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mises-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources" title="Wikipedia:Reliable sources"><span title="The material near this tag relies on an unreliable source. (October 2020)">unreliable source</span></a></i>]</sup> and the BNP was responsible for nonmonetary aspects of central banking in Panama, assisted by the National Banking Commission (<i>Superintendencia del Mercado de Valores</i>), which was created along with the country's International Financial Center, and was charged with licensing and supervising banks.<sup id="cite_ref-country-data_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-country-data-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As of January 2009, BNP held deposits of about US$5 billion, while the Savings Bank held deposits or about US$1 billion. </p><p>As Panama has no central bank to act as a <a href="/wiki/Lender_of_last_resort" title="Lender of last resort">lender of last resort</a> to rescue banks that get in trouble, Panamanian banks are very conservatively run, with an average <a href="/wiki/Capital_adequacy_ratio" title="Capital adequacy ratio">capital adequacy ratio</a> of 15.6% in 2012, nearly double the legal minimum requirement.<sup id="cite_ref-ECLAC12_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ECLAC12-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1971 the government passed a banking law that allowed for a very liberal and open banking system, without any government agency of consolidated banking supervision, and confirmed that no taxes could be imposed on interest or transactions generated in the financial system. The number of banks jumped from 23 in 1970 to 125 in 1983, most of them being <a href="/wiki/International_banking" class="mw-redirect" title="International banking">international banks</a>. The banking law promoted international lending, and because Panama has a territorial tax system, profits from loans or transactions made offshore are tax free.<sup id="cite_ref-mises_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mises-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources" title="Wikipedia:Reliable sources"><span title="The material near this tag relies on an unreliable source. (October 2020)">unreliable source</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Since the <a href="/wiki/2007%E2%80%932008_financial_crisis" title="2007–2008 financial crisis">2007–2008 financial crisis</a>, the country has been trying to shake off its reputation as a <a href="/wiki/Tax_haven" title="Tax haven">tax haven</a>, signing <a href="/wiki/Double_taxation_treaty" class="mw-redirect" title="Double taxation treaty">double taxation treaties</a> with many (mostly OECD) countries.<sup id="cite_ref-ECLAC12_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ECLAC12-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>United States citizens, residents and green card holders opening a bank account in Panama, as in other countries, have since 2010 been subject to the US <a href="/wiki/Foreign_Account_Tax_Compliance_Act" title="Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act">Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act</a> (FATCA), in addition to Panamanian regulations. In April 2011, Panama entered into a treaty with the United States on the exchange of financial information.<sup id="cite_ref-ECLAC12_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ECLAC12-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Licensing">Licensing</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Banking_in_Panama&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Licensing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Banks in Panama are licensed and regulated by the Banking Supervisory Authority (<i>Superintendencia de Bancos</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Banks may be licensed as either: </p> <ul><li><b>General (full) license Class A</b> - these banks can operate both within and outside Panama. The majority of banks in Panama have this license.</li> <li><b>International license Class B</b> - these banks are physically present in Panama, but can only do business with foreigners and non-Panamanian residents. They can only open accounts and accept deposits from individuals or organizations located overseas.</li></ul> <p>There are also the two state owned banks in Panama that can only do business within Panama: the <a href="/wiki/National_Bank_of_Panama" title="National Bank of Panama">National Bank of Panama</a> (<a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a>: <i lang="es">Banco Nacional de Panamá</i>) (BNP) and <i>Caja de Ahorros de Panamá</i> (<a href="/wiki/Savings_Bank" class="mw-redirect" title="Savings Bank">Savings Bank</a> of Panama). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Banking_in_Panama&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Panama" title="Economy of Panama">Economy of Panama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_Account_Tax_Compliance_Act" title="Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act">Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act</a> (FATCA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panama_Papers" title="Panama Papers">Panama Papers</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Banking_in_Panama&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-mises-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-mises_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mises_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mises.org/library/panama-has-no-central-bank">"Panama Has No Central Bank | Mises Institute"</a>. <i>mises.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-03-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=mises.org&rft.atitle=Panama+Has+No+Central+Bank+%26%23124%3B+Mises+Institute&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmises.org%2Flibrary%2Fpanama-has-no-central-bank&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABanking+in+Panama" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-country-data-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-country-data_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.country-data.com/cgi-bin/query/r-9985.html">"Panama - Monetary Policy"</a>. <i>country-data.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-03-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=country-data.com&rft.atitle=Panama+-+Monetary+Policy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.country-data.com%2Fcgi-bin%2Fquery%2Fr-9985.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABanking+in+Panama" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ECLAC12-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ECLAC12_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ECLAC12_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ECLAC12_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140821070549/http://www.cepal.org/publicaciones/xml/6/46986/Panama-completo-web-ing4sep12.pdf">"Macroeconomic Report - Panama"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean. June 2012. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cepal.org/publicaciones/xml/6/46986/Panama-completo-web-ing4sep12.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2014-08-21<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-03-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Macroeconomic+Report+-+Panama&rft.pub=United+Nations+Economic+Commission+for+Latin+America+and+the+Caribbean&rft.date=2012-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cepal.org%2Fpublicaciones%2Fxml%2F6%2F46986%2FPanama-completo-web-ing4sep12.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABanking+in+Panama" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.angloinfo.com/how-to/panama/money/banking">Banking in Panama</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Panama_topics" title="Template:Panama topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Panama_topics" title="Template talk:Panama topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Panama_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Panama topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Panama_articles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Panama" title="Panama">Panama</a> <a href="/wiki/Index_of_Panama-related_articles" title="Index of Panama-related articles">articles</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Panama" title="History of Panama">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Panama_(to_1821)" title="History of Panama (to 1821)">to 1821</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Panama_(1821%E2%80%931903)" title="History of Panama (1821–1903)">1821–1903</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Panama_(1904%E2%80%931964)" title="History of Panama (1904–1964)">1904–1964</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Panama_(1964%E2%80%931977)" title="History of Panama (1964–1977)">1964–1977</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Panama_(1977%E2%80%93present)" title="History of Panama (1977–present)">1977–<span style="font-size:85%;">present</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Separation_of_Panama_from_Colombia" title="Separation of Panama from Colombia">Separation from Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reunification_of_Gran_Colombia" title="Reunification of Gran Colombia">Reunification of Gran Colombia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Panama" title="Geography of Panama">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Biota_of_Panama" title="Category:Biota of Panama">Biota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Panama" title="List of cities in Panama">Cities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dari%C3%A9n_Gap" title="Darién Gap">Darién Gap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_earthquakes_in_Panama" title="List of earthquakes in Panama">Earthquakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Panama" title="List of islands of Panama">Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_national_parks_of_Panama" title="List of national parks of Panama">National parks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Panama" title="List of rivers of Panama">Rivers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_volcanoes_in_Panama" title="List of volcanoes in Panama">Volcanism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Panama" title="Politics of Panama">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Panama" title="Provinces of Panama">Administrative divisions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Panama" title="Constitution of Panama">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Panama" title="Elections in Panama">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Panama" title="Foreign relations of Panama">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_Panama" title="Law of Panama">Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Panama" title="Law enforcement in Panama">Law enforcement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(Panama)" title="National Assembly (Panama)">National Assembly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penal_system_of_Panama" title="Penal system of Panama">Penal system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Panama" title="List of political parties in Panama">Political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_state_of_Panama" title="List of heads of state of Panama">Presidents</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panamanian_Public_Forces" title="Panamanian Public Forces">Public Forces</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Panamanian_National_Police" title="Panamanian National Police">National Police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Aeronaval_Service" title="National Aeronaval Service">SENAN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Border_Service" title="National Border Service">SENAFRONT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institutional_Protection_Service" title="Institutional Protection Service">SPI</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Panama" title="Economy of Panama">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Panama" title="Agriculture in Panama">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Banking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panamanian_balboa" title="Panamanian balboa">Balboa <span style="font-size:85%;">(currency)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mineral_industry_of_Panama" title="Mineral industry of Panama">Mineral industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panama_Canal" title="Panama Canal">Panama Canal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Panama" title="Telecommunications in Panama">Telecommunications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Panama" title="Tourism in Panama">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Panama" title="Transport in Panama">Transport</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Society_of_Panama" title="Category:Society of Panama">Society</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_Panama" title="Crime in Panama">Crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Panama" title="Demographics of Panama">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Panama" title="Education in Panama">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Panama" class="mw-redirect" title="Healthcare in Panama">Health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Panama" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Panama">LGBT rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Panama" title="Religion in Panama">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_supply_and_sanitation_in_Panama" title="Water supply and sanitation in Panama">Water supply and sanitation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Panama" title="Culture of Panama">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Panamanian_cuisine" title="Panamanian cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Panamanian_films" title="List of Panamanian films">Films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Panama" title="Flag of Panama">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panamanian_literature" title="Panamanian literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_media_in_Panama" title="Mass media in Panama">Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Panama" title="Music of Panama">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panamanians" title="Panamanians">People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Panama" title="Public holidays in Panama">Public holidays</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" 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