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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">flytta till sidofältet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">dölj</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Inledning</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Etymologi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Etymologi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Etymologi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Etymologi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Innehåll" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Innehåll"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Innehåll</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Innehåll-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Växla underavsnittet Innehåll</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Innehåll-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Delområden" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Delområden"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Delområden</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Delområden-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ekologins_miljöbegrepp" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ekologins_miljöbegrepp"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Ekologins miljöbegrepp</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Ekologins_miljöbegrepp-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Växla underavsnittet Ekologins miljöbegrepp</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Ekologins_miljöbegrepp-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Biosfär" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Biosfär"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Biosfär</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Biosfär-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Biom" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Biom"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Biom</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Biom-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Biologisk_mångfald" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Biologisk_mångfald"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Biologisk mångfald</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Biologisk_mångfald-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ekosystem" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ekosystem"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Ekosystem</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ekosystem-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ekologiska_interaktioner" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ekologiska_interaktioner"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Ekologiska interaktioner</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ekologiska_interaktioner-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ekologisk_nisch" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ekologisk_nisch"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6</span> <span>Ekologisk nisch</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ekologisk_nisch-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Näringskedja" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Näringskedja"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.7</span> <span>Näringskedja</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Näringskedja-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Historia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Historia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Historia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Se_även" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Se_även"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Se även</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Se_även-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Källor" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Källor"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Källor</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Källor-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Externa_länkar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Externa_länkar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Externa länkar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Externa_länkar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Innehåll" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Växla innehållsförteckningen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Växla innehållsförteckningen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Ekologi</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Gå till en artikel på ett annat språk. Tillgänglig på 176 språk" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-176" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">176 språk</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekologie" title="Ekologie – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Ekologie" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%96kologie" title="Ökologie – schweizertyska" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Ökologie" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="schweizertyska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%B5%E1%8A%90_%E1%88%9D%E1%88%85%E1%8B%B3%E1%88%AD" title="ስነ ምህዳር – amhariska" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ስነ ምህዳር" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amhariska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF-%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9E%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="परिस्थिति-विज्ञान – angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="परिस्थिति-विज्ञान" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B0" title="Аекологиа – abchaziska" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Аекологиа" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="abchaziska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A6%D8%A9" title="علم البيئة – arabiska" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="علم البيئة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecoloch%C3%ADa" title="Ecolochía – aragonesiska" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Ecolochía" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="rekommenderad artikel"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A5%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF_%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9E%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8" title="পৰিস্থিতি বিজ্ঞান – assamesiska" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="পৰিস্থিতি বিজ্ঞান" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="assamesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecolox%C3%ADa" title="Ecoloxía – asturiska" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Ecoloxía" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tekohakuaa" title="Tekohakuaa – guaraní" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Tekohakuaa" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="guaraní" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekologiya" title="Ekologiya – azerbajdzjanska" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Ekologiya" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbajdzjanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DA%A9%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%DA%98%DB%8C" title="اکولوژی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="اکولوژی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bm mw-list-item"><a href="https://bm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kungodon" title="Kungodon – bambara" lang="bm" hreflang="bm" data-title="Kungodon" data-language-autonym="Bamanankan" data-language-local-name="bambara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bamanankan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9E%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8" title="বাস্তুবিজ্ঞান – bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="বাস্তুবিজ্ঞান" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seng-th%C3%A0i-ha%CC%8Dk" title="Seng-thài-ha̍k – min nan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Seng-thài-ha̍k" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="min nan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Экология – basjkiriska" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Экология" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="basjkiriska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Экалогія – belarusiska" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Экалогія" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarusiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%91%D0%B3%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Экалёгія – belarusiska (tarasjkevitsa)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Экалёгія" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="belarusiska (tarasjkevitsa)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%80" title="इकोलॉजी – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="इकोलॉजी" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekolohiya" title="Ekolohiya – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Ekolohiya" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Екология – bulgariska" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Екология" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgariska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekologie" title="Ekologie – bayerska" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Ekologie" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="bayerska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekologija" title="Ekologija – bosniska" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Ekologija" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekologiezh" title="Ekologiezh – bretonska" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Ekologiezh" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretonska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8" title="Экологи – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Экологи" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecologia" title="Ecologia – katalanska" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Ecologia" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8" title="Экологи – tjuvasjiska" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Экологи" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="tjuvasjiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekolohiya" title="Ekolohiya – cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Ekolohiya" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekologie" title="Ekologie – tjeckiska" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Ekologie" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tjeckiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruambanhanga" title="Ruambanhanga – shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Ruambanhanga" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eculugia" title="Eculugia – korsikanska" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Eculugia" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="korsikanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecoleg" title="Ecoleg – walesiska" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Ecoleg" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="walesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%98kologi" title="Økologi – danska" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Økologi" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%96kologie" title="Ökologie – tyska" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Ökologie" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tyska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%87%DE%A8%DE%86%DE%AE%DE%8D%DE%AE%DE%96%DE%A9" title="އިކޮލޮޖީ – divehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="އިކޮލޮޖީ" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="divehi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%96koloogia" title="Ökoloogia – estniska" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Ökoloogia" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estniska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9F%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%B3%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Οικολογία – grekiska" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Οικολογία" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grekiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="bra artikel"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecology" title="Ecology – engelska" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Ecology" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engelska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecolog%C3%ADa" title="Ecología – spanska" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Ecología" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekologio" title="Ekologio – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ekologio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekologia" title="Ekologia – baskiska" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Ekologia" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%85%E2%80%8C%D8%B4%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C" title="بوم‌شناسی – persiska" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="بوم‌شناسی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecology" title="Ecology – Fiji-hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Ecology" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji-hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vistfr%C3%B8%C3%B0i" title="Vistfrøði – färöiska" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Vistfrøði" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="färöiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89cologie" title="Écologie – franska" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Écologie" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="franska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekology" title="Ekology – västfrisiska" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Ekology" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="västfrisiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecologjie" title="Ecologjie – friulianska" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Ecologjie" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="friulianska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89iceola%C3%ADocht" title="Éiceolaíocht – iriska" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Éiceolaíocht" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="iriska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eggoaylleeaght" title="Eggoaylleeaght – manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Eggoaylleeaght" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eag-e%C3%B2las" title="Eag-eòlas – skotsk gäliska" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Eag-eòlas" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="skotsk gäliska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecolox%C3%ADa" title="Ecoloxía – galiciska" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Ecoloxía" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galiciska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8" title="Экологи – ingusjiska" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Экологи" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="ingusjiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A2ng-thai-ho%CC%8Dk" title="Sâng-thai-ho̍k – hakka" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Sâng-thai-ho̍k" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="hakka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%83%9D%ED%83%9C%ED%95%99" title="생태학 – koreanska" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="생태학" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecology" title="Ecology – hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Ecology" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C4%81laikaiaola" title="Kālaikaiaola – hawaiiska" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="Kālaikaiaola" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="hawaiiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hawaiʻi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B7%D5%AF%D5%B8%D5%AC%D5%B8%D5%A3%D5%AB%D5%A1" title="Էկոլոգիա – armeniska" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Էկոլոգիա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeniska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80" title="पारिस्थितिकी – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="पारिस्थितिकी" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekologija" title="Ekologija – kroatiska" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Ekologija" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="kroatiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gor mw-list-item"><a href="https://gor.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekologi" title="Ekologi – gorontalo" lang="gor" hreflang="gor" data-title="Ekologi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Hulontalo" data-language-local-name="gorontalo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Hulontalo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekologio" title="Ekologio – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Ekologio" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekolohia" title="Ekolohia – iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Ekolohia" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekologi" title="Ekologi – indonesiska" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Ekologi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecologia" title="Ecologia – interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Ecologia" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecologie" title="Ecologie – interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Ecologie" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/I-ecology" title="I-ecology – xhosa" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="I-ecology" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="xhosa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiXhosa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vistfr%C3%A6%C3%B0i" title="Vistfræði – isländska" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Vistfræði" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="isländska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecologia" title="Ecologia – italienska" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Ecologia" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italienska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%92%D7%99%D7%94" title="אקולוגיה – hebreiska" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אקולוגיה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebreiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89kologi" title="Ékologi – javanesiska" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Ékologi" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javanesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C6%89%C9%A9ja%C9%A3y%C9%9B_kp%C9%9Bl%C9%9Bk%CA%8A%CA%8A" title="Ɖɩjaɣyɛ kpɛlɛkʊʊ – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Ɖɩjaɣyɛ kpɛlɛkʊʊ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kl mw-list-item"><a href="https://kl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%98kologi" title="Økologi – grönländska" lang="kl" hreflang="kl" data-title="Økologi" data-language-autonym="Kalaallisut" data-language-local-name="grönländska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kalaallisut</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%94%E1%83%99%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83%92%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="ეკოლოგია – georgiska" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ეკოლოგია" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Экология – kazakiska" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Экология" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazakiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekologieth" title="Ekologieth – korniska" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Ekologieth" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="korniska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekolojia" title="Ekolojia – swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Ekolojia" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekoloji" title="Ekoloji – haitiska" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Ekoloji" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="haitiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89koloji" title="Ékoloji – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Ékoloji" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekoloj%C3%AE" title="Ekolojî – kurdiska" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Ekolojî" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurdiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Экология – kirgiziska" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Экология" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgiziska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekolojiya" title="Ekolojiya – ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Ekolojiya" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%B4%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%94" title="ນິເວດສາດ – laotiska" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ນິເວດສາດ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="laotiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ltg mw-list-item"><a href="https://ltg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apleiczineiba" title="Apleiczineiba – lettgalliska" lang="ltg" hreflang="ltg" data-title="Apleiczineiba" data-language-autonym="Latgaļu" data-language-local-name="lettgalliska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latgaļu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oecologia" title="Oecologia – latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Oecologia" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekolo%C4%A3ija" title="Ekoloģija – lettiska" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Ekoloģija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="lettiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekologie" title="Ekologie – luxemburgiska" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Ekologie" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luxemburgiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Экология – lezghien" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Экология" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="lezghien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekologija" title="Ekologija – litauiska" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Ekologija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litauiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecologie" title="Ecologie – limburgiska" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Ecologie" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburgiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecolojia" title="Ecolojia – lingua franca nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Ecolojia" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="lingua franca nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lg mw-list-item"><a href="https://lg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entababutonde" title="Entababutonde – luganda" lang="lg" hreflang="lg" data-title="Entababutonde" data-language-autonym="Luganda" data-language-local-name="luganda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Luganda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eculugia" title="Eculugia – lombardiska" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Eculugia" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="lombardiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%96kol%C3%B3gia" title="Ökológia – ungerska" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Ökológia" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungerska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%80" title="इकोलोजी – maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="इकोलोजी" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Екологија – makedonska" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Екологија" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedonska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekolojia" title="Ekolojia – malagassiska" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Ekolojia" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malagassiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%86%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B8_%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%9C%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9E%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%82" title="ആവാസ വിജ്ഞാനം – malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ആവാസ വിജ്ഞാനം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekolo%C4%A1ija" title="Ekoloġija – maltesiska" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Ekoloġija" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="maltesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C4%81tauranga_taupuhi_kaiao" title="Mātauranga taupuhi kaiao – maori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Mātauranga taupuhi kaiao" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="maori" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%94%E1%83%99%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83%92%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="ეკოლოგია – mingrelianska" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ეკოლოგია" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="mingrelianska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="ايكولوجيا – egyptisk arabiska" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ايكولوجيا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="egyptisk arabiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekologi" title="Ekologi – malajiska" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Ekologi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malajiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C4%95ng-t%C3%A1i" title="Sĕng-tái – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Sĕng-tái" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F%D1%81%D1%8C" title="Экологиясь – moksja" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Экологиясь" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="moksja" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="utmärkt artikel"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8" title="Экологи – mongoliska" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Экологи" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongoliska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%82%E1%80%B1%E1%80%9F%E1%80%97%E1%80%B1%E1%80%92" title="ဂေဟဗေဒ – burmesiska" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဂေဟဗေဒ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="burmesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecologie" title="Ecologie – nederländska" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Ecologie" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nederländska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekology" title="Ekology – lågsaxiska" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Ekology" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="lågsaxiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%80" title="इकोलोजी – nepalesiska" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="इकोलोजी" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepalesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%80" title="इकोलोजी – newariska" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="इकोलोजी" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="newariska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E6%85%8B%E5%AD%A6" title="生態学 – japanska" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="生態学" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8" title="Экологи – tjetjenska" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Экологи" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="tjetjenska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pih mw-list-item"><a href="https://pih.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekolojii" title="Ekolojii – Norfuk / Pitkern" lang="pih" hreflang="pih" data-title="Ekolojii" data-language-autonym="Norfuk / Pitkern" data-language-local-name="Norfuk / Pitkern" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norfuk / Pitkern</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="utmärkt artikel"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%98kologi" title="Økologi – norskt bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Økologi" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norskt bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%98kologi" title="Økologi – nynorska" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Økologi" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="nynorska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Acologie" title="Êcologie – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Êcologie" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekologia" title="Ekologia – novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Ekologia" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="utmärkt artikel"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecologia" title="Ecologia – occitanska" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Ecologia" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Экологий – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Экологий" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xiinnaannoo" title="Xiinnaannoo – oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Xiinnaannoo" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekologiya" title="Ekologiya – uzbekiska" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Ekologiya" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbekiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%A8_%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%A8" title="ਵਾਤਾਵਰਨ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ – punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਵਾਤਾਵਰਨ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D8%AC%DB%8C" title="ایکولوجی – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ایکولوجی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-blk mw-list-item"><a href="https://blk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%82%E1%80%B1%E1%80%9F%E1%80%97%E1%80%B1%E1%80%92" title="ဂေဟဗေဒ – Pa'O" lang="blk" hreflang="blk" data-title="ဂေဟဗေဒ" data-language-autonym="ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ" data-language-local-name="Pa'O" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%D8%A7%D9%BE%DB%90%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%BE%D9%88%D9%87%D9%86%D9%87" title="چاپېريالپوهنه – pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="چاپېريالپوهنه" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ikalaji" title="Ikalaji – jamaikansk engelsk kreol" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Ikalaji" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="jamaikansk engelsk kreol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%90%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%91%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%B6" title="បរិស្ថានវិទ្យា – kambodjanska" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="បរិស្ថានវិទ្យា" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="kambodjanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a href="https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekolosi" title="Ekolosi – tok pisin" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi" data-title="Ekolosi" data-language-autonym="Tok Pisin" data-language-local-name="tok pisin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tok Pisin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%96kologie" title="Ökologie – lågtyska" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Ökologie" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="lågtyska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekologia" title="Ekologia – polska" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Ekologia" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecologia" title="Ecologia – portugisiska" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Ecologia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugisiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekologiya" title="Ekologiya – karakalpakiska" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Ekologiya" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="karakalpakiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecologie" title="Ecologie – rumänska" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Ecologie" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumänska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kawsay_pacha_yachay" title="Kawsay pacha yachay – quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Kawsay pacha yachay" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D2%91%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Еколоґія – rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Еколоґія" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Экология – ryska" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Экология" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ryska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Экология – jakutiska" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Экология" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="jakutiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9E%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D" title="परिसरविज्ञानम् – sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="परिसरविज्ञानम्" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecologie" title="Ecologie – skotska" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Ecologie" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="skotska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekologjia" title="Ekologjia – albanska" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Ekologjia" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecolugg%C3%ACa" title="Ecoluggìa – sicilianska" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Ecoluggìa" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="sicilianska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B4%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%BB_%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" title="පරිසර විද්‍යාව – singalesiska" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="පරිසර විද්‍යාව" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="singalesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecology" title="Ecology – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Ecology" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AD%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="ماحوليات – sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="ماحوليات" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekol%C3%B3gia" title="Ekológia – slovakiska" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Ekológia" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovakiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekologija" title="Ekologija – slovenska" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Ekologija" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovenska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%98%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%AF%DB%95%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C" title="ژینگەناسی – centralkurdiska" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ژینگەناسی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="centralkurdiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Екологија – serbiska" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Екологија" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekologija" title="Ekologija – serbokroatiska" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Ekologija" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbokroatiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89kologi" title="Ékologi – sundanesiska" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Ékologi" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sundanesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekologia" title="Ekologia – finska" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Ekologia" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekolohiya" title="Ekolohiya – tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Ekolohiya" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%82%E0%AE%B4%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D" title="சூழலியல் – tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="சூழலியல்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tusnazdu%C9%A3t" title="Tusnazduɣt – kabyliska" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Tusnazduɣt" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="kabyliska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Экология – tatariska" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Экология" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatariska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%9C%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A3_%E0%B0%B6%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%81" title="జీవావరణ శాస్త్రము – telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="జీవావరణ శాస్త్రము" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B2" title="นิเวศวิทยา – thailändska" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="นิเวศวิทยา" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thailändska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Экология – tadzjikiska" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Экология" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tadzjikiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8E%A1%E1%8E%A7%E1%8E%B6%E1%8E%A9" title="ᎡᎧᎶᎩ – cherokesiska" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᎡᎧᎶᎩ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="cherokesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᏣᎳᎩ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekoloji" title="Ekoloji – turkiska" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Ekoloji" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turkiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekologi%C3%BDa" title="Ekologiýa – turkmeniska" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Ekologiýa" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="turkmeniska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Екологія – ukrainska" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Екологія" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AD%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AA(%D9%86%D8%B8%D8%A7%D9%85)" title="ماحولیات(نظام) – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ماحولیات(نظام)" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekologii" title="Ekologii – veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Ekologii" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="bra artikel"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinh_th%C3%A1i_h%E1%BB%8Dc" title="Sinh thái học – vietnamesiska" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Sinh thái học" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%B6olog" title="Köolog – volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Köolog" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%96koloogia" title="Ökoloogia – võru" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Ökoloogia" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="võru" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecolodjeye" title="Ecolodjeye – vallonska" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Ecolodjeye" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="vallonska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekolohiya" title="Ekolohiya – waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Ekolohiya" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E6%80%81%E5%AD%A6" title="生态学 – wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="生态学" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A2%D7%A7%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%92%D7%99%D7%A2" title="עקאלאגיע – jiddisch" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="עקאלאגיע" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="jiddisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E6%85%8B%E5%AD%B8" title="生態學 – kantonesiska" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="生態學" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantonesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekolociye" title="Ekolociye – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Ekolociye" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekuoluog%C4%97j%C4%97" title="Ekuoluogėjė – samogitiska" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Ekuoluogėjė" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="samogitiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E6%80%81%E5%AD%A6" title="生态学 – kinesiska" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="生态学" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="kinesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-btm mw-list-item"><a href="https://btm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekologi" title="Ekologi – Batak Mandailing" lang="btm" hreflang="btm" data-title="Ekologi" data-language-autonym="Batak Mandailing" data-language-local-name="Batak Mandailing" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Mandailing</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q7150#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Redigera interwikilänkar" class="wbc-editpage">Redigera länkar</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namnrymder"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Ekologi" 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databasobjekt [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata-objekt</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Sidverktyg"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Utseende"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Utseende</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">flytta till sidofältet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">dölj</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Från Wikipedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="sv" dir="ltr"><p><b>Ekologi</b> är <a href="/wiki/Vetenskap" title="Vetenskap">vetenskapen</a> som behandlar samspelet mellan <a href="/wiki/Organism" title="Organism">organismer</a> och den <a href="/wiki/Milj%C3%B6_(omgivning)" title="Miljö (omgivning)">miljö</a> de lever i.<sup id="cite_ref-pleijel_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pleijel-1"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ekologin är en ung vetenskap i snabb utveckling.<sup id="cite_ref-worster_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-worster-2"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-hjorth_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hjorth-4"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Det är viktigt att hålla isär vetenskapen ekologi och värdeladdade begrepp som 'ekologisk'. Till exempel kan effekten av en stor miljökatastrof eller introduktionen av en främmande art i ett system tyckas vara en spännande händelse inom vetenskapen ekologi, medan det knappast anses önskvärt ur ett 'ekologiskt perspektiv'. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymologi">Etymologi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekologi&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Redigera avsnitt: Etymologi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekologi&action=edit&section=1" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Etymologi"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ordet <i>ekologi</i> kommer från den tyske biologen <a href="/wiki/Ernst_Haeckel" title="Ernst Haeckel">Ernst Haeckel</a> som 1866 använde ordet "Oecologie" på sidan 286 i volym 2 av <i>Generelle Morphologie der Organismen</i><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Ordet bildades enligt Haeckel från <a href="/wiki/Grekiska" title="Grekiska">grekiska</a> οικος, <i>oikos</i> "hushåll", "levnadsbetingelser"<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (och λογία, <i>logia</i> "studie av").<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Innehåll"><span id="Inneh.C3.A5ll"></span>Innehåll</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekologi&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Redigera avsnitt: Innehåll" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekologi&action=edit&section=2" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Innehåll"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Alla organismer påverkas av sin omvärld. Både levande- (<a href="/wiki/Biotisk" class="mw-redirect" title="Biotisk">biotiska</a>), och icke-levande (<a href="/wiki/Abiotisk" class="mw-redirect" title="Abiotisk">abiotiska</a>) omvärldsfaktorer, som exempelvis temperatur, nederbörd, bytesdjur och växtlighet kan ge stor påverkan.<sup id="cite_ref-ne.se_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ne.se-8"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Det är detta som ekologin studerar. Ekologiska studier genomförs för att försöka förstå relationer mellan olika organismer och deras miljö, livsprocesser, <a href="/wiki/Anpassning_(biologisk)" class="mw-redirect" title="Anpassning (biologisk)">biologisk anpassning</a> hos organismer, förekomst och fördelning av organismer (<a href="/wiki/Biogeografi" title="Biogeografi">biogeografi</a>), transport av <a href="/wiki/Materia" title="Materia">materia</a> och <a href="/wiki/Energi" title="Energi">energi</a> genom organismsamhällen, successionsstadier i utvecklingen av ekosystem, samt mängd och fördelning av <a href="/wiki/Biologisk_m%C3%A5ngfald" title="Biologisk mångfald">biologisk mångfald</a> i förhållande till miljön. Föremålet för studier kan vara både enskilda individer, <a href="/wiki/Population_(biologi)" class="mw-redirect" title="Population (biologi)">populationer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Biotop" title="Biotop">biotoper</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ekosystem" title="Ekosystem">ekosystem</a>, <a href="/wiki/Biom" title="Biom">biomer</a> eller hela <a href="/wiki/Biosf%C3%A4r" title="Biosfär">biosfären</a>. Man kan också studera ekosystemets <a href="/wiki/N%C3%A4ringsv%C3%A4v" title="Näringsväv">näringsvävar</a>. Även olika <a href="/wiki/Biogeokemiskt_kretslopp" title="Biogeokemiskt kretslopp">biogeokemiska kretslopp</a> som <a href="/wiki/Vattnets_kretslopp" title="Vattnets kretslopp">vattnets kretslopp</a> eller <a href="/wiki/Kolcykeln" title="Kolcykeln">kolcykeln</a> studeras. Hur ekosystem påverkar biosfären kan också vara föremål för en undersökning.<sup id="cite_ref-slu.se_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-slu.se-9"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Delområden"><span id="Delomr.C3.A5den"></span>Delområden</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekologi&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Redigera avsnitt: Delområden" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekologi&action=edit&section=3" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Delområden"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Etologi" title="Etologi">Etologi</a>, samspelet mellan djur, läran om djurens beteende.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Populationsekologi" title="Populationsekologi">Populationsekologi</a>, populationers samspel med varandra och variation.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Systemekologi" class="mw-redirect" title="Systemekologi">Systemekologi</a>, samspelet mellan organismer och den abiotiska omgivningen.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paleoekologi" class="mw-redirect" title="Paleoekologi">Paleoekologi</a>, förhistorisk ekologi, en del av <a href="/wiki/Paleontologi" title="Paleontologi">paleontologin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agroekologi" title="Agroekologi">Agroekologi</a>, ekologi som är inriktad på <a href="/wiki/Lantbruksvetenskap" title="Lantbruksvetenskap">lantbruksvetenskap</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ekologins_miljöbegrepp"><span id="Ekologins_milj.C3.B6begrepp"></span>Ekologins miljöbegrepp</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekologi&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Redigera avsnitt: Ekologins miljöbegrepp" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekologi&action=edit&section=4" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Ekologins miljöbegrepp"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Lifezones_Pengo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Lifezones_Pengo.svg/350px-Lifezones_Pengo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="350" height="217" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Lifezones_Pengo.svg/525px-Lifezones_Pengo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Lifezones_Pengo.svg/700px-Lifezones_Pengo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="987" data-file-height="613" /></a><figcaption>Uppdelning i ekologiska zoner såsom definierat av Holdridge.</figcaption></figure> <p>När ekologi definieras som <i>läran om interaktionerna mellan organismer och deras miljö</i> måste man vara klar över att miljön innefattar en rad skilda faktorer: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abiotiska_faktorer" title="Abiotiska faktorer">abiotiska miljöfaktorer</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Klimat" title="Klimat">klimat</a> (<a href="/wiki/Temperatur" title="Temperatur">temperatur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nederb%C3%B6rd" title="Nederbörd">nederbörd</a> etc.)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Topografi" title="Topografi">topografi</a> (höjder över eller under havet etc.)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jordm%C3%A5n" title="Jordmån">jordmån</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kemi" title="Kemi">kemiska</a> faktorer (<a href="/wiki/Syrgas" class="mw-redirect" title="Syrgas">syrgas</a>- och <a href="/wiki/Salinitet" title="Salinitet">saltkoncentration</a>, näringsämnen etc.)</li> <li>mekaniska faktorer (<a href="/wiki/Vind" title="Vind">vind</a>, <a href="/wiki/Str%C3%B6mningsmekanik" title="Strömningsmekanik">strömmar</a> etc.)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biotiska_faktorer" title="Biotiska faktorer">biotiska miljöfaktorer</a> <ul><li>interaktion med organismer av samma <a href="/wiki/Art" title="Art">art</a></li> <li>interaktion med organismer av andra arter</li></ul></li></ul> <p>Helheten av en specifik organisms relation och interaktion med sin miljö går under benämningen <a href="/wiki/Ekologisk_nisch" title="Ekologisk nisch">ekologisk nisch</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Biosfär"><span id="Biosf.C3.A4r"></span>Biosfär</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekologi&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Redigera avsnitt: Biosfär" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekologi&action=edit&section=5" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Biosfär"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="noprint huvudartikel" style="font-style:italic;"> <dl><dd>Huvudartikel: <a href="/wiki/Biosf%C3%A4r" title="Biosfär">biosfär</a></dd></dl></div> <p>Med <b>biosfär</b> menas summan av alla ekosystem. Begreppet betecknar allt levande som finns i <a href="/wiki/Atmosf%C3%A4ren" class="mw-redirect" title="Atmosfären">atmosfären</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hydrosf%C3%A4ren" title="Hydrosfären">hydrosfären</a> och <a href="/wiki/Litosf%C3%A4ren" class="mw-redirect" title="Litosfären">litosfären</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Biom">Biom</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekologi&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Redigera avsnitt: Biom" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekologi&action=edit&section=6" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Biom"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="noprint huvudartikel" style="font-style:italic;"> <dl><dd>Huvudartikel: <a href="/wiki/Biom" title="Biom">Biom</a></dd></dl></div> <p><b>Biom</b> är en regional ansamling av <a href="/wiki/Djur" title="Djur">djur</a>- och <a href="/wiki/V%C3%A4xt" class="mw-redirect" title="Växt">växtsamhällen</a>. <i>Biom</i> är ett annat ord för vegetationsområde. I begreppet är samverkan och inbördes påverkan mellan de olika arterna centrala. Relationen till <a href="/wiki/Jordart" title="Jordart">jordarter</a> och <a href="/wiki/Klimat" title="Klimat">klimat</a> ingår också. Biomer är huvudsakligen urskiljbara i stor (kontinental till global) skala. Tillsammans utgör biomerna <a href="/wiki/Biosf%C3%A4r" title="Biosfär">biosfären</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Biologisk_mångfald"><span id="Biologisk_m.C3.A5ngfald"></span>Biologisk mångfald</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekologi&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Redigera avsnitt: Biologisk mångfald" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekologi&action=edit&section=7" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Biologisk mångfald"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="noprint huvudartikel" style="font-style:italic;"> <dl><dd>Huvudartikel: <a href="/wiki/Biologisk_m%C3%A5ngfald" title="Biologisk mångfald">Biologisk mångfald</a></dd></dl></div> <p><b>Biologisk mångfald</b> eller <b>biodiversitet</b> är summan av arternas mångfald, den genetiska mångfalden och den ekologiska mångfalden i ett område. Biologisk mångfald är ett begrepp som innefattar alla varianter av livsformer som finns på jorden, miljontals växter, djur och mikroorganismer, deras gener och samspelet de är en del. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ekosystem">Ekosystem</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekologi&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Redigera avsnitt: Ekosystem" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekologi&action=edit&section=8" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Ekosystem"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Ecologia.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Ecologia.jpg/250px-Ecologia.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Ecologia.jpg/375px-Ecologia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Ecologia.jpg/500px-Ecologia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="853" data-file-height="1000" /></a><figcaption>Ekosystem.</figcaption></figure> <div class="noprint huvudartikel" style="font-style:italic;"> <dl><dd>Huvudartikel: <a href="/wiki/Ekosystem" title="Ekosystem">ekosystem</a></dd></dl></div> <p>Ett <b>ekosystem</b> är ett avgränsat område i naturen som vi människor valt att studera ur ett ekologiskt perspektiv. Ett ekosystem kan vara stort eller litet beroende på vad man väljer att studera, till exempel ekosystemet i <a href="/wiki/Hav" title="Hav">havet</a> eller i en liten <a href="/wiki/Damm_(vattenansamling)" title="Damm (vattenansamling)">damm</a>. Alla levande varelser och den miljö som finns inom området ingår i ekosystemet. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ekologiska_interaktioner">Ekologiska interaktioner</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekologi&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Redigera avsnitt: Ekologiska interaktioner" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekologi&action=edit&section=9" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Ekologiska interaktioner"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="noprint huvudartikel" style="font-style:italic;"> <dl><dd>Huvudartikel: <a href="/wiki/Biologisk_interaktion" title="Biologisk interaktion">Biologisk interaktion</a></dd></dl></div> <p>Ekologiska interaktioner innebär relationer där individer av samma eller olika art påverkar varandras utveckling. </p><p>Exempelvis lever många svampar i symbios med träd. Denna interaktion gynnar båda, svampens <a href="/wiki/Mycel" title="Mycel">mycel</a> hjälper trädet att ta upp mer näring med rötterna, medan svampen får viktiga kolhydrater från trädet. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ekologisk_nisch">Ekologisk nisch</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekologi&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Redigera avsnitt: Ekologisk nisch" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekologi&action=edit&section=10" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Ekologisk nisch"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="noprint huvudartikel" style="font-style:italic;"> <dl><dd>Huvudartikel: <a href="/wiki/Ekologisk_nisch" title="Ekologisk nisch">Ekologisk nisch</a></dd></dl></div> <p>En <b>ekologisk nisch</b> är det levnadsområde där en enskild art kan överleva och reproducera sig. Detta avser egenskaper som temperatur, vegetation och mattillgång. För varje egenskap finns ett visst intervall där arten kan leva. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Näringskedja"><span id="N.C3.A4ringskedja"></span>Näringskedja</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekologi&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Redigera avsnitt: Näringskedja" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekologi&action=edit&section=11" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Näringskedja"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="noprint huvudartikel" style="font-style:italic;"> <dl><dd>Huvudartikel: <a href="/wiki/N%C3%A4ringskedja" title="Näringskedja">Näringskedja</a></dd></dl></div> <p>Med <b>näringskedja</b> menas hur <a href="/wiki/N%C3%A4rings%C3%A4mne" title="Näringsämne">näringsämnen</a> sprids och omvandlas igenom en <a href="/wiki/Kedja" title="Kedja">kedja</a> av <a href="/wiki/Organism" title="Organism">organismer</a> (djur, växter och liknande) som äter och/eller äts av varandra i ett <a href="/wiki/Ekosystem" title="Ekosystem">ekosystem</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historia">Historia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekologi&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Redigera avsnitt: Historia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekologi&action=edit&section=12" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Historia"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ekologin är en relativt ung vetenskap. Fram till omkring 1960 hade ekologin mycket liten spridning utanför akademiska kretsar. Under 1960-talet och 1970-talet ökade miljömedvetandet kraftigt och ekologiska idéer fick spridning även bland vanligt folk. Under 2000-talet har ekologiska tankegångar fått stort inflytande i <a href="/wiki/Naturv%C3%A5rd" title="Naturvård">naturvårdens</a> teori och praktik.<sup id="cite_ref-ne.se_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ne.se-8"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Se_även"><span id="Se_.C3.A4ven"></span>Se även</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekologi&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Redigera avsnitt: Se även" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekologi&action=edit&section=13" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Se även"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ekobyn" class="mw-redirect" title="Ekobyn">Ekobyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ekologiska_produkter" title="Ekologiska produkter">Ekologiska produkter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ekologiskt_jordbruk" title="Ekologiskt jordbruk">ekologiskt jordbruk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ekologisk_mat" title="Ekologisk mat">ekologisk mat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biom" title="Biom">biom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ekologism" title="Ekologism">Ekologism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ekomuseum" title="Ekomuseum">Ekomuseum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A4rf%C3%B6rm%C3%A5ga" title="Bärförmåga">Bärförmåga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biosf%C3%A4r" title="Biosfär">Biosfär</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biologisk_interaktion" title="Biologisk interaktion">Biologisk interaktion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Djurgeografisk_region" title="Djurgeografisk region">Djurgeografisk region</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C3%A5llbar_utveckling" title="Hållbar utveckling">Hållbar utveckling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milj%C3%B6_(omgivning)" title="Miljö (omgivning)">Miljö (omgivning)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%96verbefolkning" title="Överbefolkning">Överbefolkning</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Källor"><span id="K.C3.A4llor"></span>Källor</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekologi&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Redigera avsnitt: Källor" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekologi&action=edit&section=14" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Källor"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-pleijel-1"><a href="#cite_ref-pleijel_1-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="book" id="CITEREFPleijelBergil_Calle2003">Pleijel, Håkan; Bergil Calle (2003). <i><span>Ekologiboken: en introduktion till ekologins grunder</span></i> (3., [rev.] uppl.). Göteborg: Avd. för tillämpad miljövetenskap, Univ. <a href="/wiki/Libris_(bibliotekskatalog)" title="Libris (bibliotekskatalog)">Libris</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://libris.kb.se/bib/9066398">9066398</a>. <a href="/wiki/Special:Bokk%C3%A4llor/91-88376-20-6" title="Special:Bokkällor/91-88376-20-6">ISBN 91-88376-20-6</a></cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ekologiboken%3A+en+introduktion+till+ekologins+grunder&rft.aulast=Pleijel&rft.aufirst=H%C3%A5kan&rft.au=Pleijel%2C+H%C3%A5kan&rft.au=Bergil+Calle&rft.date=2003&rft.edition=3.%2C+%5Brev.%5D+uppl.&rft.place=G%C3%B6teborg&rft.pub=Avd.+f%C3%B6r+till%C3%A4mpad+milj%C3%B6vetenskap%2C+Univ.&rft.isbn=91-88376-20-6&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Ekologi"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-worster-2"><a href="#cite_ref-worster_2-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="book" id="CITEREFWorsterEklöf_Margareta,_Elmqvist_Thomas1996">Worster, Donald; Eklöf Margareta, Elmqvist Thomas (1996). <i><span>De ekologiska idéernas historia</span></i> (1. uppl.). Stockholm: SNS (Studieförb. Näringsliv och samhälle). <a href="/wiki/Libris_(bibliotekskatalog)" title="Libris (bibliotekskatalog)">Libris</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://libris.kb.se/bib/7609749">7609749</a>. <a href="/wiki/Special:Bokk%C3%A4llor/91-7150-630-6_(inb.)" title="Special:Bokkällor/91-7150-630-6 (inb.)">ISBN 91-7150-630-6 (inb.)</a></cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=De+ekologiska+id%C3%A9ernas+historia&rft.aulast=Worster&rft.aufirst=Donald&rft.au=Worster%2C+Donald&rft.au=Ekl%C3%B6f+Margareta%2C+Elmqvist+Thomas&rft.date=1996&rft.edition=1.+uppl.&rft.place=Stockholm&rft.pub=SNS+%28Studief%C3%B6rb.+N%C3%A4ringsliv+och+samh%C3%A4lle%29&rft.isbn=91-7150-630-6+%28inb.%29&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Ekologi"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="book" style="font-style:normal"><i><a href="/wiki/Svenska_Akademiens_ordbok" title="Svenska Akademiens ordbok">Svenska Akademiens ordbok</a></i>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.saob.se/artikel/?seek=Ekologi">Ekologi</a> </cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hjorth-4"><a href="#cite_ref-hjorth_4-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="book" id="CITEREFHjorth2003">Hjorth, Ingemar (2003). <i><span>Ekologi - för miljöns skull</span></i> (1. uppl.). Stockholm: Liber. <a href="/wiki/Libris_(bibliotekskatalog)" title="Libris (bibliotekskatalog)">Libris</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://libris.kb.se/bib/8870077">8870077</a>. <a href="/wiki/Special:Bokk%C3%A4llor/91-47-05104-3_(inb.)" title="Special:Bokkällor/91-47-05104-3 (inb.)">ISBN 91-47-05104-3 (inb.)</a></cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ekologi+-+f%C3%B6r+milj%C3%B6ns+skull&rft.aulast=Hjorth&rft.aufirst=Ingemar&rft.au=Hjorth%2C+Ingemar&rft.date=2003&rft.edition=1.+uppl.&rft.place=Stockholm&rft.pub=Liber&rft.isbn=91-47-05104-3+%28inb.%29&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Ekologi"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a> <span class="reference-text">"Unter Oecologie verstehen wir die gesammte Wissenschaft von den Beziehungen des Organismus zur umgebenden Aussenwelt, wohin wir im weiteren Sinne alle 'Existenz-Bedingungen' rechnen können. Diese sind theils organischer, theils anorganischer Natur; sowohl diese als jene sind, wie wir vorher gezeigt haben, von der grössten Bedeutung für die Form der Organismen, weil sie dieselbe zwingen, sich ihnen anzupassen." Ernst Haeckel, 1866, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.se/books?id=-5k5AAAAcAAJ&pg=286">Generelle Morphologie der Organismen vol. 2</a>, sid. 286</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a> <span class="reference-text">Fotnot 2 på sidan 286: "οικος, der Haushalt, die Lebensbeziehungen"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a> <span class="reference-text">Idag <i>Οικολογία</i> på grekiska och <i>Ökologie</i> på tyska.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ne.se-8">^ [<a href="#cite_ref-ne.se_8-0"><small>a</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ne.se_8-1"><small>b</small></a>] <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ne.se/ekologi">”Ne.se”</a><span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.ne.se/ekologi">http://www.ne.se/ekologi</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 8 november 2011</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Ne.se&rft.atitle=&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ne.se%2Fekologi&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Ekologi"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-slu.se-9"><a href="#cite_ref-slu.se_9-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101123180123/http://www-vaxten.slu.se/ekologi/ekologi.htm">”Ekologi”</a>. <a href="/wiki/Sveriges_lantbruksuniversitet" title="Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet">SLU</a>. Arkiverad från <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-vaxten.slu.se/ekologi/ekologi.htm">originalet</a> den 23 november 2010<span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101123180123/http://www-vaxten.slu.se/ekologi/ekologi.htm">https://web.archive.org/web/20101123180123/http://www-vaxten.slu.se/ekologi/ekologi.htm</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Läst 8 november 2011</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Ekologi&rft.atitle=&rft.pub=%5B%5BSveriges+lantbruksuniversitet%7CSLU%5D%5D&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20101123180123%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww-vaxten.slu.se%2Fekologi%2Fekologi.htm&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Ekologi"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Externa_länkar"><span id="Externa_l.C3.A4nkar"></span>Externa länkar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekologi&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Redigera avsnitt: Externa länkar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekologi&action=edit&section=15" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Externa länkar"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Wiktionary_small.svg/15px-Wiktionary_small.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Wiktionary_small.svg/23px-Wiktionary_small.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Wiktionary_small.svg/30px-Wiktionary_small.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="350" data-file-height="350" /></span></span> Wiktionary har ett uppslag om <a href="https://sv.wiktionary.org/wiki/ekologi" class="extiw" title="wikt:ekologi">ekologi</a>.<div class="interProject wiktionary" style="display:none;"><a href="https://sv.wiktionary.org/wiki/ekologi" class="extiw" title="wikt:ekologi">Ordbok</a></div></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/15px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/23px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> Wikimedia Commons har media som rör <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Ecology" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Ecology">Ekologi</a>.<div class="interProject commons" style="display:none;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Ecology" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Ecology">Bilder & media</a></div></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r56287950">.mw-parser-output table.navbox{border:#aaa 1px 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href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mall:Grenar_inom_biologi&action=edit"><span style="border:none;;" title="Redigera den här mallen">r</span></a></div></div><span style="font-size:110%;">Grenar inom <a href="/wiki/Biologi" title="Biologi">biologi</a></span></th></tr><tr style="height:2px;"><td></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Anatomi" title="Anatomi">Anatomi</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/Astrobiologi" title="Astrobiologi">Astrobiologi</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/Ber%C3%A4kningsbiologi" title="Beräkningsbiologi">Beräkningsbiologi</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/Bevarandebiologi" title="Bevarandebiologi">Bevarandebiologi</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/Biofysik" title="Biofysik">Biofysik</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a 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width:3em;text-align:left;"><div class="noprint plainlinks" style="background-color:transparent; padding:0; white-space:nowrap; font-weight:normal; font-size:80%; border:none;; color: inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Mall:Natur" title="Mall:Natur"><span title="Visa denna mall" style="border:none;;">v</span></a> <span style="font-size:80%;">•</span> <a class="external text" href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mall:Natur&action=edit"><span style="border:none;;" title="Redigera den här mallen">r</span></a></div></div><span style="font-size:110%;"><a href="/wiki/Natur" title="Natur">Natur</a></span></th></tr><tr style="height:2px;"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";;"><a href="/wiki/Universum" title="Universum">Universum</a></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Rum_(fysik)" title="Rum (fysik)">Rum</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> 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title="Jordens atmosfär">Atmosfär <small>(Jorden)</small></a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Klimat" title="Klimat">Klimat</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Moln" title="Moln">Moln</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Solljus" title="Solljus">Solljus</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Tidvatten" title="Tidvatten">Tidvatten</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Vind" title="Vind">Vind</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";;"><a href="/wiki/Milj%C3%B6_(omgivning)" title="Miljö (omgivning)">Miljö</a></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ekologi</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Skogsekologi" title="Skogsekologi">Skogsekologi</a></i>)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a 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title="Evolution">Evolution</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Biologisk_organisation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Biologisk organisation [inte skriven än]">Hierarki</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Biologi" title="Biologi">Biologi</a> (<a href="/wiki/Astrobiologi" title="Astrobiologi">astrobiologi</a>)</div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Organism" title="Organism">Organism</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Eukaryoter" title="Eukaryoter">Eukaryoter</a> (<a href="/wiki/Flora_(botanik)" title="Flora (botanik)">flora</a> (<a href="/wiki/V%C3%A4xt" class="mw-redirect" title="Växt">växter</a>)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Fauna" title="Fauna">fauna</a> (<a href="/wiki/Djur" title="Djur">djur</a>)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Funga" title="Funga">funga</a> (<a href="/wiki/Svampar" title="Svampar">svampar</a>)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Protister" title="Protister">protister</a>)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Prokaryoter" title="Prokaryoter">Prokaryoter</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ark%C3%A9er" title="Arkéer">arkéer</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Bakterier" title="Bakterier">bakterier</a>)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span> <a href="/wiki/Virus" title="Virus">Virus</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px;"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style=";" colspan="2"><b><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Kategori"><img alt="Kategori" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg/16px-Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="14" class="mw-file-element" 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href="/wiki/Mall:Milj%C3%B6vetenskap" title="Mall:Miljövetenskap"><span title="Visa denna mall" style="border:none;;">v</span></a> <span style="font-size:80%;">•</span> <a class="external text" href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mall:Milj%C3%B6vetenskap&action=edit"><span style="border:none;;" title="Redigera den här mallen">r</span></a></div></div><span style="font-size:110%;"><a href="/wiki/Milj%C3%B6vetenskap" title="Miljövetenskap">Miljövetenskap</a></span></th></tr><tr style="height:2px;"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";;">Huvudkoncept</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Natur" title="Natur">natur</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Biotop" title="Biotop">biotop</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a class="mw-selflink selflink">ekologi</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/Habitat" title="Habitat">habitat</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/Skogsekologi" title="Skogsekologi">skogsekologi</a></i>)</div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";;">Miljökoncept</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Milj%C3%B6ekonomi" title="Miljöekonomi">ekonomi</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/Milj%C3%B6konsekvensbeskrivning" title="Miljökonsekvensbeskrivning">konsekvensbeskrivning</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/Milj%C3%B6medicin" title="Miljömedicin">medicin</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/Milj%C3%B6m%C3%A4rkning" title="Miljömärkning">märkning</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · </span><a href="/wiki/Milj%C3%B6organisation" title="Miljöorganisation">organisation</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> · 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