CINXE.COM
PDB-101: Geis Archive: DPG-Hemoglobin Complex
<!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <script src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-EPQ9202NVY" async></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); //- gtag('config', 'UA-71059016-1'); gtag('config', 'G-EPQ9202NVY'); </script> <title>PDB-101: Geis Archive: DPG-Hemoglobin Complex</title> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> <meta property="og:title" content="PDB101: Geis Archive: DPG-Hemoglobin Complex"> <meta property="og:description" content="<p>Geis illustrates the complex of DPG (2,3-diphosphoglycerate) with hemoglobin as a co-crystal. The charged amino acid residues stabilizing the complex with DPG are drawn in blue.</p>"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/geis/images/geis-socialmedia.png"> <meta property="og:site_name" content="RCSB: PDB-101"> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"> <meta name="twitter:title" content="PDB101: Geis Archive: DPG-Hemoglobin Complex"> <meta name="twitter:description" content="<p>Geis illustrates the complex of DPG (2,3-diphosphoglycerate) with hemoglobin as a co-crystal. The charged amino acid residues stabilizing the complex with DPG are drawn in blue.</p>"> <meta name="twitter:image" content="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/geis/images/geis-socialmedia.png"> <meta name="description" content="<p>Geis illustrates the complex of DPG (2,3-diphosphoglycerate) with hemoglobin as a co-crystal. The charged amino acid residues stabilizing the complex with DPG are drawn in blue.</p>"> <!-- associate with our Google Analytics--> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="A8M31jAX8SUgQYzbnF5r-wgykna2i5Hp4J9fziVD9Sg"> <link href="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/common/jquery-ui-1.11.4/jquery-ui.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.rcsb.org/javascript/bootstrap/latest/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="/ekko-lightbox/ekko-lightbox.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.rcsb.org/javascript/fontawesome/latest/css/font-awesome.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.rcsb.org/javascript/timeline3/css/timeline.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="/css/style.css?v=20171201" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.rcsb.org/jira-feedback/css/jira-fdbck.css" rel="stylesheet"><!--[if lt IE 9]> <script src="https://oss.maxcdn.com/html5shiv/3.7.2/html5shiv.min.js"></script> <script src="https://oss.maxcdn.com/respond/1.4.2/respond.min.js"></script><![endif]--> <script src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/javascript/jquery/jquery-2.2.4.min.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/common/jquery-ui-1.11.4/jquery-ui.min.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/javascript/bootstrap/latest/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script> <script src="/ekko-lightbox/ekko-lightbox.min.js"></script> <script src="/js/common.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/jira-feedback/js/jira-fdbck.min.js"></script> </head> <body> <div data-elastic-exclude> <nav class="navbar navbar-inverse navbar-fixed-top hidden-print"> <div class="container"> <div class="navbar-header"> <button type="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#navbar" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="navbar" class="navbar-toggle collapsed"><span class="sr-only">Toggle navigation</span><span class="icon-bar"></span><span class="icon-bar"></span><span class="icon-bar"></span></button><a href="/" class="navbar-brand">PDB-101</a> </div> <div id="navbar" class="collapse navbar-collapse"> <ul class="nav navbar-nav"> <li class="dropdown"><a href="#" data-toggle="dropdown" class="dropdown-toggle"><span class="hidden-sm hidden-xs">Molecule of the Month</span><span class="hidden-lg hidden-md">MotM</span><b class="caret"></b></a> <ul class="dropdown-menu"> <li><a href="/motm">Current Feature</a></li> <li><a href="/motm/motm-by-category">By Category</a></li> <li><a href="/motm/motm-by-date">By Date</a></li> <li><a href="/motm/motm-by-title">By Title</a></li> <li><a href="/motm/motm-about">About Molecule of the Month</a></li> <li><a href="/motm/motm-image-download">Image Download</a></li> <li><a href="https://my.forms.app/rcsb-pdb/motm-newsletter" target="_blank">Newsletter Subscription</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><a href="/browse">Browse</a></li> <li class="dropdown"><a href="#" data-toggle="dropdown" class="dropdown-toggle">Learn<b class="caret"></b></a> <ul class="dropdown-menu"> <li><a href="/learn/paper-models">Paper Models</a></li> <li><a href="/learn/flyers-posters-and-calendars">Flyers, Posters, & Calendars</a></li> <li><a href="/learn/videos">Videos</a></li> <li><a href="/learn/interactive-animations">Interactive Animations</a></li> <li><a href="/learn/coloring-books">Coloring Books</a></li> <li><a href="/learn/structural-biology-highlights">Structural Biology Highlights</a></li> <li><a href="/learn/3d-printing">3D Printing</a></li> <li><a href="/learn/exploring-the-structural-biology-of-cancer">Exploring the Structural Biology of Cancer</a></li> <li><a href="/learn/exploring-the-structural-biology-of-bioenergy">Exploring the Structural Biology of Bioenergy</a></li> <li><a href="/learn/exploring-the-structural-biology-of-viruses">Exploring the Structural Biology of Viruses</a></li> <li><a href="/learn/exploring-the-structural-biology-of-health-and-nutrition">Exploring the Structural Biology of Health and Nutrition</a></li> <li><a href="/learn/exploring-the-structural-biology-of-evolution">Exploring the Structural Biology of Evolution</a></li> <li><a href="/learn/exploring-structural-biology-with-computed-structure-models-csms">Exploring Structural Biology with Computed Structure Models (CSMs)</a></li> <li><a href="/learn/resources-to-fight-the-covid-19-pandemic">COVID-19 Pandemic Resources</a></li> <li><a href="/learn/other-resources">Other Resources</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="dropdown"> <a href="#" data-toggle="dropdown" class="dropdown-toggle">Train <b class="caret"></b></a> <ul class="dropdown-menu"> <li><a href="/train/guide-to-understanding-pdb-data/introduction">Guide to Understanding PDB Data</a></li> <li><a href="/train/training-events">Training Courses</a></li> <li><a href="/train/education-corner">Education Corner</a></li> <li><a href="/train/pdb-and-data-archiving-curriculum/about">PDB and Data Archiving Curriculum</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="dropdown"><a href="#" data-toggle="dropdown" class="dropdown-toggle">Teach<b class="caret"></b></a> <ul class="dropdown-menu"> <li><a href="/teach/overview">Overview of Curriculum Modules</a></li> <li role="separator" class="divider"></li> <!--each item, i in pdb101.teach.itemsli: a(href='/teach/' + item.id_string, style='text-indent: 20px;')= item.name --> <li><a href="/teach/biomolecular-structures-and-models" style="text-indent: 20px;">Biomolecular Structures and Models</a></li> <li><a href="/teach/covid-19/topics/getting-started-hand-washing" style="text-indent: 20px;">COVID-19 in Molecular Detail</a></li> <li><a href="/teach/diabetes-at-a-molecular-level" style="text-indent: 20px;">Diabetes at a Molecular Level</a></li> <li><a href="/teach/molecular-immunology" style="text-indent: 20px;">Molecular Immunology</a></li> <li><a href="/teach/molecular-view-of-hiv-aids" style="text-indent: 20px;">Molecular View of HIV/AIDS</a></li> <li><a href="/teach/box-of-lessons/topics/biological-macromolecules" style="text-indent: 20px;">Box of Lessons</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="dropdown"><a href="#" data-toggle="dropdown" class="dropdown-toggle"><span class="hidden-sm hidden-xs">Global Health</span><span class="hidden-lg hidden-md">Health</span><b class="caret"></b></a> <ul class="dropdown-menu"> <li><a href="/global-health/diabetes-mellitus/about/what-is-diabetes">Diabetes Mellitus</a></li> <li><a href="/global-health/cancer/about/what-is-cancer">Cancer </a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="dropdown"><a href="#" data-toggle="dropdown" class="dropdown-toggle">SciArt<b class="caret"></b></a> <ul class="dropdown-menu"> <li><a href="/sci-art/geis-archive/about">Irving Geis</a></li> <li><a href="/sci-art/goodsell-gallery">David Goodsell</a></li> <li><a href="/sci-art/bezsonova-gallery">Irina Bezsonova</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="dropdown"><a href="#" data-toggle="dropdown" class="dropdown-toggle">Events<b class="caret"></b></a> <ul class="dropdown-menu"> <li><a href="/events/art-of-science">Art of Science</a></li> <li><a href="http://www.rcsb.org/pages/awards/poster_prize" target="_blank">Poster Prize </a></li> <p style="font-size: 90%; margin: 8px 15px 0 20px; font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 0; border-top: 1px solid #ddd; padding-top: 5px">Past events</p> <li><a href="https://www.rcsb.org/pages/pdb50" target="_blank"> PDB50</a></li> <li><a href="/events/science-olympiad">Science Olympiad</a></li> <li><a href="/events/video-challenge/the-challenge">Video Challenge</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="dropdown"><a href="#" data-toggle="dropdown" class="dropdown-toggle">About<b class="caret"></b></a> <ul class="dropdown-menu"> <li><a href="/more/about-pdb-101">About PDB-101</a></li> <li><a href="/more/contact-us">Contact us</a></li> <li><a href="/more/how-to-cite">How to Cite</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.rcsb.org/pages/about-us/pdb-user-community">User Community</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.rcsb.org/pages/about-us/deia">Diversity, Equity, Inclusion, and Access</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <style> /* search section */ #search-button { padding: 8px 15px; border-top-left-radius: 0; border-bottom-left-radius: 0; } #query-input { width: 100%; border: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 8px; } #query-input:focus { outline: none; } #query-table { width: 100%; } #query-table td:first-child { width: 100%; } #autosuggest { position: relative; width: 100%; text-align: left; } #autosuggest-items { position: absolute; border: 1px solid #eee; border-bottom: none; border-top: none; z-index: 99; top: 100%; left: 0; right: 0; } #autosuggest-items div { padding: 10px; cursor: pointer; background-color: #fff; border-bottom: 1px solid #d4d4d4; } #autosuggest-items div:hover { background-color: #e9e9e9; } .autosuggest-active { background-color: DodgerBlue !important; color: #fff; } </style> <div id="print-header" class="row"> <div class="col-xs-6"> <div id="pdb101-logo"><a href="/"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/common/images/logo-pdb101.png" alt="RCSB PDB"></a></div> </div> <div id="rcsb-logo" class="col-xs-6 text-right">Training and outreach portal of <a href='http://www.rcsb.org' target='_blank'><img src='https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/common/images/logo-rcsb.png' height='57'></a></div> </div> <div id="header" class="hidden-print"> <div class="container"> <div style="margin-top:10px;" class="row"> <div id="logo_container" class="col-sm-12 col-md-6 hidden-xs"> <div id="pdb101-logo"><a href="/"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/common/images/logo-pdb101.png" alt="RCSB PDB"></a></div> <p style="margin-top: 7px;"><em>Molecular explorations<br />through biology and medicine</em></p> </div> <div style="margin-bottom:10px;" class="col-sm-12 col-md-6 text-right"> <form id="searchForm" action="/search" method="post" onsubmit="return validateQueryInput();" autocomplete="off"> <input type="hidden" name="querySource" value="user"> <table id="query-table"> <tr> <td> <div id="autosuggest"> <input id="query-input" type="text" name="query" value="" placeholder="Search Molecule of the Month articles and more"> <div id="autosuggest-items"></div> </div> </td> <td><span id="search-button" onclick="doSearch();" class="btn btn-primary">Go</span></td> </tr> </table> </form> </div> </div> <!--* for mobile view, user survey--> <!--* for mobile view, 50 years of PDB--> <div class="row"> <div style="margin:5px 0px;" class="col-xs-6 col-sm-6 col-md-6"> <table> <tr> <td>Training and outreach portal of </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href='http://www.rcsb.org' target='_blank'><img src='https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/common/images/logo-rcsb.png' width='75'></a></td> </tr> </table> </div> <div class="hidden-xs col-sm-6 col-md-6 col-lg-6 col-xl-6 text-right"> <!--if (pdb101.instance_type == 'local')--> <!-- div.local local--> <!--if (pdb101.instance_type == 'local' || pdb101.instance_type == 'beta')--> <!--div.survey <a class='no-underline' href='//www.surveymonkey.com/r/G5N8BKC' target='_blank'><img src='//cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/common/images/checkbox-marked-outline (11).png' style='margin-top:-12px;'>Take the RCSB PDB User Survey</a>--> <!--* user survey for all screen except extra-small/mobile--> <!--* for 50 years of PDB header logo--> <div class="social-media"><a target="_blank" href="/motm/rss.xml" data-original-title="Molecule of the Month RSS Feed" data-toggle="tooltip"><i class="fa fa-rss-square fa-lg"></i></a><a target="_blank" href="https://www.facebook.com/RCSBPDB" data-original-title="Facebook" data-toggle="tooltip"><i class="fa fa-facebook-square fa-lg"></i></a><a target="_blank" href="https://twitter.com/buildmodels" data-original-title="Twitter" data-toggle="tooltip"><i class="fa fa-twitter fa-lg"></i></a><a target="_blank" href="https://www.youtube.com/user/RCSBProteinDataBank" data-original-title="YouTube" data-toggle="tooltip"><i class="fa fa-youtube-play fa-lg"></i></a><a target="_blank" href="https://github.com/rcsb" data-original-title="Github" data-toggle="tooltip"><i class="fa fa-github fa-lg"></i></a><a target="_blank" href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/rcsb-protein-data-bank/" data-original-title="LinkedIn" data-toggle="tooltip"><i class="fa fa-linkedin fa-lg"></i></a></div> </div> <div id="socialMedaiMobile" class="col-xs-6 hidden-sm hidden-md hidden-lg hidden-xl text-right"> <div class="social-media"><a target="_blank" href="/motm/rss.xml" data-original-title="Molecule of the Month RSS Feed" data-toggle="tooltip"><i class="fa fa-rss-square fa-lg"></i></a><a target="_blank" href="https://www.facebook.com/RCSBPDB" data-original-title="Facebook" data-toggle="tooltip"><i class="fa fa-facebook-square fa-lg"></i></a><a target="_blank" href="https://twitter.com/buildmodels" data-original-title="Twitter" data-toggle="tooltip"><i class="fa fa-twitter fa-lg"></i></a><a target="_blank" href="https://www.youtube.com/user/RCSBProteinDataBank" data-original-title="YouTube" data-toggle="tooltip"><i class="fa fa-youtube-play fa-lg"></i></a><a target="_blank" href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/rcsb-protein-data-bank/" data-original-title="LinkedIn" data-toggle="tooltip"><i class="fa fa-linkedin fa-lg"></i></a></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="main_content" class="container"> <style> /* styles for this page */ #media-tabs { margin: 10px 0; width:470px; } /* over-write bootstrap values */ .nav-tabs { background: linear-gradient(to bottom, #fff, #ddd); } .tab-content { border-left: 1px solid #ddd; border-right: 1px solid #ddd; border-bottom: 1px solid #ddd; border-bottom-right-radius: 4px; border-bottom-left-radius: 4px; padding: 15px; } .nav-tabs > li.active > a, .nav-tabs > li.active > a:hover, .nav-tabs > li.active > a:focus { background-color: #fff; color: #333; } .geis-logo {margin:20px 0;float:right;} #jsmol-iframe {width: 438px;height: 438px; margin: 0;} #tabs-jsmol {width: 440px;height: 440px; border: 1px solid #eee} a.btn-primary:visited { color: #fff; } </style> <script> // jsmol script var jsmolLoaded = false; function loadIframe() { if (jsmolLoaded == false) { var src = '/sci-art/geis-archive/jsmol/geis-0299-dpg-bound-hemoglobin'; $("#jsmol-iframe").attr('src', src); jsmolLoaded = true; } } </script> <div id="sub-navbar"> <div class="row hidden-print"> <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-6 sub-navbar"> <h4>Geis Digital Archive</h4> </div> <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-6 text-right sub-navbar"> <table> <tr> <td onclick="location.href="/sci-art/geis-archive/about"">About</td> <td onclick="location.href="/sci-art/geis-archive/gallery-by-date"">Gallery by Date</td> <td onclick="location.href="/sci-art/geis-archive/gallery-by-name"">Gallery by Name</td> <td onclick="location.href="/sci-art/geis-archive/irving-geis"">Irving Geis</td> </tr> </table> </div> </div> </div> <div data-elastic-include> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-7 col-md-push-5 col-sm-12"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-xs-8"> <h1>DPG-Hemoglobin Complex</h1> <p>Unknown Year, Unknown Dimensions</p> </div> <div class="col-xs-4"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/geis/images/logos/geis-0299.png" class="img-responsive geis-logo"> </div> </div> <p><p>Geis illustrates the complex of DPG (2,3-diphosphoglycerate) with hemoglobin as a co-crystal. The charged amino acid residues stabilizing the complex with DPG are drawn in blue.</p></p> <p><small><i>Used with permission from the Howard Hughes Medical Institute (<a href='http://www.hhmi.org', target='_blank'>www.hhmi.org</a>). All rights reserved.</i></small></p> <p><a href="/sci-art/geis-archive/reprint-request/geis-0299-dpg-bound-hemoglobin" class="btn btn-primary">Non-commercial Reprint Request</a></p> </div> <div style="margin-top:20px;" class="col-md-5 col-md-pull-7 col-sm-12"><a href="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/geis/images/1000w/geis-0299-dpg-bound-hemoglobin.png" data-toggle="lightbox" data-title="DPG-Hemoglobin Complex" data-footer="<i>Used with permission from the Howard Hughes Medical Institute (<a href="http://www.hhmi.org", target="_blank">www.hhmi.org</a>). All rights reserved.</i>"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/geis/images/600/geis-0299-dpg-bound-hemoglobin.png" class="img-responsive border"></a> </div> </div> <hr> <div class="row"> <div class="col-lg-5 col-sm-12"> <div id="media-tabs"> <ul class="nav nav-tabs"> <li class="active"><a data-toggle="tab" href="#tabs-image">Image</a></li> <li><a data-toggle="tab" href="#tabs-jsmol" onclick="loadIframe();">3D Interactive</a></li> <li><a data-toggle="tab" href="#tabs-video">Video</a></li> </ul> <div class="tab-content"> <div id="tabs-image" class="tab-pane active"><img src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/geis/images/static/geis-0299-dpg-bound-hemoglobin.png" class="img-responsive"></div> <div id="tabs-jsmol" class="tab-pane"> <iframe id="jsmol-iframe" marginheight="0" marginwidth="0" scrolling="no" frameborder="0"></iframe> </div> <div id="tabs-video" class="tab-pane"> <video controls="yes" loop="yes" width="100%"> <source src="https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/geis/mp4/geis-0299-dpg-bound-hemoglobin.mp4" type="video/mp4"> </video> </div> </div> </div> <p>Related PDB Entry: <a href='http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore/explore.do?structureId=4L7Y' target='_blank'>4L7Y</a></p> <h6>Experimental Structure Citation</h6> <p>To be published. Authors: Safo, M.K., Chowdhury, N.</p> </div> <div class="col-lg-7 col-sm-12"> <h2>About DPG-Hemoglobin Complex</h2> <p><p> 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (DPG) is an inorganic phosphate produced in red cells. When DPG binds to deoxyhemoglobin, it acts to stabilize the low oxygen affinity state (T state) of the oxygen carrier. It fits neatly into the cavity of the deoxy- conformation, forming salt bridges with lysine and histidine residues in the ß subunits of hemoglobin. The R state, with oxygen bound to a heme group, has a different conformation and does not allow this interaction. By itself, hemoglobin has sigmoid-like kinetics, which makes easier another subunits’ binding.</p> <p><b>Text Refrences</b></p> <p>Reinhold Benesch, Ruth E. Benesch. (1967). The effect of organic phosphates from the human erythrocyte on the allosteric properties of hemoglobin. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 26(2):162–167. </p></p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="footer_main" class="hidden-print"> <div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12 col-md-7"> <p><strong>About PDB-101</strong></p> <p>Researchers around the globe make 3D structures freely available from the Protein Data Bank (PDB) archive. PDB-101 training materials help graduate students, postdoctoral scholars, and researchers use PDB data and RCSB PDB tools. Outreach content demonstrate how PDB data impact fundamental biology, biomedicine, bioengineering/biotechnology, and energy sciences in 3D for a diverse and multidisciplinary user community. Education Materials provide lessons and activities for teaching and learning.</p> <p>PDB-101 is developed by the <a href="https://rcsb.org" target="_blank">RCSB PDB</a>.</p> </div> <div class="col-sm-12 col-md-5 text-center"> <p>RCSB PDB (<a href="http://nar.oxfordjournals.org/content/28/1/235.abstract" target="blank">citation</a>) is hosted by</p><img src="//cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/common/images/Logo_Rutgers-2024.png" alt="Rutgers University logo" usemap="#rutgers-map" height="32" style="padding:0px 10px; border-right: 1px solid #000000;"><img src="//cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/common/images/Logo_UCSD-SDSC.png" alt="University of California San Diego/San Diego Supercomputer Center logos" usemap="#UCSD-SDSC-map" height="26" style="padding: 0px 10px; border-right: 1px solid #000000;"><img src="//cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/common/images/Logo_UCSF.png" alt="Univesity of California San Franciscologo" usemap="#UCSF-map" height="26" style="padding-left: 10px;"><map name="rutgers-map"> <area shape="rect" coords="0,0,115,26" href="http://www.rutgers.edu/" alt="Rutgers" target="_blank"></map><map name="UCSD-SDSC-map"> <area shape="rect" coords="0,0,150,26" href="http://ucsd.edu/" alt="UCSD" target="_blank"> <area shape="rect" coords="151,0,255,26" href="http://www.sdsc.edu/" alt="SDSC" target="_blank"></map><map name="UCSF-map"> <area shape="rect" coords="0,0,64,26" href="http://www.ucsf.edu/" alt="UCSF" target="_blank"></map><br><br> <p>RCSB PDB is a member of <span id='pdbmembers_footer'><a href='http://www.wwpdb.org/' target='_blank'><img src='//cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/common/images/Logo_wwpdb.png' width='70'></a><span class='pipe'></span><a href='http://www.emdatabank.org/' target='_blank'><img src='https://cdn.rcsb.org/pdb101/common/images/EMDataResourcelogo.png' width='100'></a></p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="footer_grant" class="hidden-print"> <div class="container"> <div class="row"> <p>RCSB PDB Core Operations are funded by the <a href="http://www.nsf.gov/" target="_blank">U.S. National Science Foundation</a> (DBI-2321666), the <a href="http://science.energy.gov/" target="_blank">US Department of Energy</a> (DE-SC0019749), and the <a href="http://www.cancer.gov/" target="_blank">National Cancer Institute</a>, <a href="http://www.niaid.nih.gov/" target="_blank">National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases</a>, and <a href="http://www.nigms.nih.gov/" target="_blank">National Institute of General Medical Sciences</a> of the <a href="http://www.nih.gov/" target="_blank">National Institutes of Health</a> under grant R01GM157729.</p> </div> </div> </div> <div id="jira-fdbck"></div><script> //Google Analytics tracking code {/* (function(i,s,o,g,r,a,m){i['GoogleAnalyticsObject']=r;i[r]=i[r]||function(){ (i[r].q=i[r].q||[]).push(arguments)},i[r].l=1*new Date();a=s.createElement(o), m=s.getElementsByTagName(o)[0];a.async=1;a.src=g;m.parentNode.insertBefore(a,m) })(window,document,'script','//www.google-analytics.com/analytics.js','ga'); ga('create', 'UA-71059016-1', 'auto'); ga('send', 'pageview'); */} </script> </div> </body> </html>