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class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="用户菜单" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=zh.wikipedia.org&uselang=zh"><span>资助维基百科</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E8%B4%A6%E6%88%B7&returnto=%E5%A4%AA%E5%B9%B3%E7%B4%B3%E5%A3%AB" title="我们推荐您创建账号并登录，但这不是强制性的"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>创建账号</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&returnto=%E5%A4%AA%E5%B9%B3%E7%B4%B3%E5%A3%AB" title="建议你登录，尽管并非必须。[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>登录</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 未登录编辑者的页面 <a href="/wiki/Help:%E6%96%B0%E6%89%8B%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8" aria-label="了解有关编辑的更多信息"><span>了解详情</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%B4%A1%E7%8C%AE" title="来自此IP地址的编辑列表[y]" accesskey="y"><span>贡献</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%AE%A8%E8%AE%BA%E9%A1%B5" title="对于来自此IP地址编辑的讨论[n]" accesskey="n"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目录" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-英國" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#英國"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>英國</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-英國-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关英國子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-英國-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-英格蘭及威爾士" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#英格蘭及威爾士"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>英格蘭及威爾士</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-英格蘭及威爾士-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-蘇格蘭" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#蘇格蘭"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>蘇格蘭</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-蘇格蘭-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-澳洲" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#澳洲"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>澳洲</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-澳洲-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-香港" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#香港"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>香港</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-香港-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-加拿大" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#加拿大"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>加拿大</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-加拿大-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-马来西亚" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#马来西亚"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>马来西亚</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-马来西亚-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-參考資料" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#參考資料"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>參考資料</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-參考資料-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-參見" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#參見"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>參見</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-參見-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-外部链接" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#外部链接"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>外部链接</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-外部链接-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">太平紳士</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。25种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-25" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">25种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vrederegter" title="Vrederegter – 南非荷兰语" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Vrederegter" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="南非荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B4%D1%8C%D1%8F" title="Мировой судья – 巴什基尔语" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Мировой судья" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="巴什基尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8_%D1%81%D1%8A%D0%B4_(%D0%91%D1%8A%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F)" title="Мирови съд (България) – 保加利亚语" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Мирови съд (България)" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="保加利亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sm%C3%ADr%C4%8D%C3%AD_soudce" title="Smírčí soudce – 捷克语" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Smírčí soudce" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fredsdommer" title="Fredsdommer – 丹麦语" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Fredsdommer" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="丹麦语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friedensrichter" title="Friedensrichter – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Friedensrichter" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Justice_of_the_peace" title="Justice of the peace – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Justice of the peace" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juez_de_paz" title="Juez de paz – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Juez de paz" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rauhantuomari" title="Rauhantuomari – 芬兰语" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Rauhantuomari" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A9keb%C3%ADr%C3%B3" title="Békebíró – 匈牙利语" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Békebíró" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="匈牙利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giudice_di_pace" title="Giudice di pace – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Giudice di pace" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B2%BB%E5%AE%89%E5%88%A4%E4%BA%8B" title="治安判事 – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="治安判事" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%B9%98%EC%95%88_%ED%8C%90%EC%82%AC" title="치안 판사 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="치안 판사" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friddensgeriicht_(L%C3%ABtzebuerg)" title="Friddensgeriicht (Lëtzebuerg) – 卢森堡语" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Friddensgeriicht (Lëtzebuerg)" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="卢森堡语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaksa_Pendamai" title="Jaksa Pendamai – 马来语" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Jaksa Pendamai" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="马来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vrederechter" title="Vrederechter – 荷兰语" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Vrederechter" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fredsdommer" title="Fredsdommer – 书面挪威语" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Fredsdommer" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="书面挪威语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C4%99dzia_pokoju" title="Sędzia pokoju – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Sędzia pokoju" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juiz_de_paz" title="Juiz de paz – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Juiz de paz" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B4%D1%8C%D1%8F" title="Мировой судья – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Мировой судья" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Justice_of_the_peace" title="Justice of the peace – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Justice of the peace" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fredsdomare" title="Fredsdomare – 瑞典语" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Fredsdomare" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A9_%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D" title="சமாதான நீதவான் – 泰米尔语" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="சமாதான நீதவான்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="泰米尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B4%D1%8F" title="Мировий суддя – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Мировий суддя" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E5%B9%B3%E7%B4%B3%E5%A3%AB" title="太平紳士 – 粤语" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="太平紳士" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="粤语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q329455#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="编辑跨语言链接" class="wbc-editpage">编辑链接</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="命名空间"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E5%B9%B3%E7%B4%B3%E5%A3%AB" title="浏览条目正文[c]" accesskey="c"><span>条目</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:%E5%A4%AA%E5%B9%B3%E7%B4%B3%E5%A3%AB" rel="discussion" title="关于此页面的讨论[t]" accesskey="t"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="更改语言变体" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">不转换</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-varlang-0" class="selected ca-variants-zh mw-list-item"><a href="/zh/%E5%A4%AA%E5%B9%B3%E7%B4%B3%E5%A3%AB" lang="zh" hreflang="zh"><span>不转换</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-1" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hans/%E5%A4%AA%E5%B9%B3%E7%B4%B3%E5%A3%AB" lang="zh-Hans" hreflang="zh-Hans"><span>简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-2" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hant/%E5%A4%AA%E5%B9%B3%E7%B4%B3%E5%A3%AB" lang="zh-Hant" hreflang="zh-Hant"><span>繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-3" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-CN mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-cn/%E5%A4%AA%E5%B9%B3%E7%B4%B3%E5%A3%AB" lang="zh-Hans-CN" hreflang="zh-Hans-CN"><span>大陆简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-4" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-HK mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hk/%E5%A4%AA%E5%B9%B3%E7%B4%B3%E5%A3%AB" lang="zh-Hant-HK" hreflang="zh-Hant-HK"><span>香港繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-5" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-MO mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-mo/%E5%A4%AA%E5%B9%B3%E7%B4%B3%E5%A3%AB" lang="zh-Hant-MO" hreflang="zh-Hant-MO"><span>澳門繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-6" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-MY mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-my/%E5%A4%AA%E5%B9%B3%E7%B4%B3%E5%A3%AB" lang="zh-Hans-MY" hreflang="zh-Hans-MY"><span>大马简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-7" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-SG mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-sg/%E5%A4%AA%E5%B9%B3%E7%B4%B3%E5%A3%AB" lang="zh-Hans-SG" hreflang="zh-Hans-SG"><span>新加坡简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-8" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-TW mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-tw/%E5%A4%AA%E5%B9%B3%E7%B4%B3%E5%A3%AB" lang="zh-Hant-TW" hreflang="zh-Hant-TW"><span>臺灣正體</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="查看"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected 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cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">工具</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">工具</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="更多选项" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 操作 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E5%B9%B3%E7%B4%B3%E5%A3%AB"><span>阅读</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%AA%E5%B9%B3%E7%B4%B3%E5%A3%AB&action=edit" title="编辑该页面[e]" accesskey="e"><span>编辑</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%AA%E5%B9%B3%E7%B4%B3%E5%A3%AB&action=history"><span>查看历史</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 常规 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%93%BE%E5%85%A5%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/%E5%A4%AA%E5%B9%B3%E7%B4%B3%E5%A3%AB" title="列出所有与本页相链的页面[j]" accesskey="j"><span>链入页面</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%93%BE%E5%87%BA%E6%9B%B4%E6%94%B9/%E5%A4%AA%E5%B9%B3%E7%B4%B3%E5%A3%AB" rel="nofollow" title="页面链出所有页面的更改[k]" accesskey="k"><span>相关更改</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Project:%E4%B8%8A%E4%BC%A0" title="上传图像或多媒体文件[u]" accesskey="u"><span>上传文件</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%89%B9%E6%AE%8A%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2" title="全部特殊页面的列表[q]" accesskey="q"><span>特殊页面</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%AA%E5%B9%B3%E7%B4%B3%E5%A3%AB&oldid=83734030" title="此页面该修订版本的固定链接"><span>固定链接</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%AA%E5%B9%B3%E7%B4%B3%E5%A3%AB&action=info" title="关于此页面的更多信息"><span>页面信息</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%BC%95%E7%94%A8%E6%AD%A4%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2&page=%E5%A4%AA%E5%B9%B3%E7%B4%B3%E5%A3%AB&id=83734030&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="有关如何引用此页面的信息"><span>引用此页</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:URL%E7%BC%A9%E7%9F%AD%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%8F&url=https%3A%2F%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E5%25A4%25AA%25E5%25B9%25B3%25E7%25B4%25B3%25E5%25A3%25AB"><span>获取短链接</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E5%25A4%25AA%25E5%25B9%25B3%25E7%25B4%25B3%25E5%25A3%25AB"><span>下载二维码</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 打印/导出 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="electron-print_pdf" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=%E5%A4%AA%E5%B9%B3%E7%B4%B3%E5%A3%AB&action=show-download-screen"><span>下载为PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="javascript:print();" rel="alternate" title="本页面的可打印版本[p]" accesskey="p"><span>打印页面</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 在其他项目中 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Justice_of_the_Peace" hreflang="en"><span>维基共享资源</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q329455" title="链接到连接的数据仓库项目[g]" accesskey="g"><span>维基数据项目</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="页面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="外观"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">外观</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-noteTA-20bbf7e3" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><span title="本页使用了标题或全文手工转换"><img alt="本页使用了标题或全文手工转换" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg/35px-Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg/53px-Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg/70px-Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="32" data-file-height="20" /></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">维基百科，自由的百科全书</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="zh" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r83732972">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output 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.ambox-protection{border-left-color:#a2a9b1!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox{border-left-color:#36c!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left-color:#b32424!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{background-color:#300!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left-color:#f28500!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left-color:#fc3!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left-color:#9932cc!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left-color:#a2a9b1!important}}</style><table class="box-Refimprove plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width:52px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tango-nosources.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Tango-nosources.svg/45px-Tango-nosources.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="45" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Tango-nosources.svg/68px-Tango-nosources.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Tango-nosources.svg/90px-Tango-nosources.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">此條目<b>需要补充更多<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%88%97%E6%98%8E%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90" title="Wikipedia:列明来源">来源</a></b>。<span class="hide-when-compact"></span> <small class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">2014年10月7日</span>)</i></small><span class="hide-when-compact"><br /><small>请协助補充多方面<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%8F%AF%E9%9D%A0%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90" title="Wikipedia:可靠来源">可靠来源</a>以<a class="external 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//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Taos_County%2C_New_Mexico._Justice_of_the_Peace_Montoyo_hears_a_minor_case._-_NARA_-_522002.tif/lossy-page1-500px-Taos_County%2C_New_Mexico._Justice_of_the_Peace_Montoyo_hears_a_minor_case._-_NARA_-_522002.tif.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2446" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="美國">美國</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E5%A2%A8%E8%A5%BF%E5%93%A5%E5%B7%9E" title="新墨西哥州">新墨西哥州</a><a href="/wiki/%E9%99%B6%E6%96%AF%E7%B8%A3_(%E6%96%B0%E5%A2%A8%E8%A5%BF%E5%93%A5%E5%B7%9E)" class="mw-redirect" title="陶斯縣 (新墨西哥州)">陶斯縣</a>一班太平紳士正在處理案件，1941年</figcaption></figure> <p><b>太平紳士</b>（英語：<span lang="en"><b>J</b>ustice of the <b>P</b>eace，<a href="/wiki/%E7%B8%AE%E5%AF%AB" title="縮寫">縮寫</a>：<b>JP</b></span>），又譯：<b>太平局紳</b>、<b>治安法官</b>，為一種由<a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C" title="政府">政府</a>委任民間人士擔任維持社區安寧、防止非法刑罰及處理一些較簡單的<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%BE%8B" title="法律">法律</a>程序的職銜，多半存在于適用<a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E9%80%9A%E6%B3%95%E7%B3%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="普通法系">普通法系</a>的國家或地區。現時英國的<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E6%A0%BC%E8%98%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="英格蘭">英格蘭</a>與<a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E7%88%BE%E6%96%AF" title="威爾斯">威爾斯</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%BE%B3%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="澳大利亞">澳大利亞</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E6%8B%BF%E5%A4%A7" title="加拿大">加拿大</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%90%E8%A5%BF%E8%98%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="紐西蘭">紐西蘭</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E4%BE%86%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="馬來西亞">馬來西亞</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="美國">美國</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E5%8A%A0%E5%9D%A1" title="新加坡">新加坡</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF" title="香港">香港</a>等地皆有太平紳士制度，但各地區對太平紳士的定義和要求皆有分別。 </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="英國"><span id=".E8.8B.B1.E5.9C.8B"></span>英國</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%AA%E5%B9%B3%E7%B4%B3%E5%A3%AB&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：英國"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="英格蘭及威爾士"><span id=".E8.8B.B1.E6.A0.BC.E8.98.AD.E5.8F.8A.E5.A8.81.E7.88.BE.E5.A3.AB"></span>英格蘭及威爾士</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%AA%E5%B9%B3%E7%B4%B3%E5%A3%AB&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：英格蘭及威爾士"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>在<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E6%A0%BC%E8%98%AD%E5%8F%8A%E5%A8%81%E7%88%BE%E6%96%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="英格蘭及威爾斯">英格蘭及威爾斯</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E8%A3%81%E5%88%A4%E6%B3%95%E5%BA%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="裁判法庭">裁判法庭</a>由三位太平紳士或裁判官共同負責執行<a href="/wiki/%E7%B0%A1%E6%98%93%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%8F%E7%BD%AA%E8%A1%8C" title="簡易程序罪行">簡易程序罪行</a>的懲處（或作「循簡易程序審訊」）：法庭可裁決刑期在六個月以下的監禁處分。裁判法庭設有一名有法律資歷的<span class="ilh-all ilh-blue" data-orig-title="法庭書記" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Justices' clerk"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%BA%AD%E6%9B%B8%E8%A8%98" class="mw-redirect" title="法庭書記">書記</a></span></span>，負責向法庭提出相關法例的建議。太平紳士或裁判官的人選從各個地區、各個階層挑選。所有裁判官在赴任以前及在任期間，都要接受嚴謹的訓練。裁判官是非受薪的義務工作者，但可領取車馬費及生活費。一般的非專業裁判官每年需擔任最少26節（每節半日）的服務，但亦有人在一週至少要擔任一日服務。除了非專業裁判官以外，法庭亦有小量的「區域法院法官 (裁判法庭)」（舊稱「受薪裁判官」），都是有法律資歷的全職裁判處成員，可以單獨審理案件而無需其他裁判官在席。「區域法院法官（裁判法庭）」與一般在郡法院審理案件的「區域法院法官」並不相同。 </p><p>現時，裁判法院可審理輕微違法行為，可判處5000英鎊以下的罰款及不超過12個月的監禁，佔英格蘭及威爾士和<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E6%84%9B%E7%88%BE%E8%98%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="北愛爾蘭">北愛爾蘭</a>超過95%的刑事案件。對於較嚴重的違紀行為，裁判官負責向<a href="/wiki/%E7%9A%87%E5%AE%A4%E6%B3%95%E5%BA%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="皇室法庭">皇室法庭</a>提交公訴書。裁判官亦具有限<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%91%E4%BA%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="民事">民事</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B8%E6%B3%95%E7%AE%A1%E8%BD%84%E6%AC%8A" title="司法管轄權">司法管轄權</a>，例如：處理發牌申請。不過根據《<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="2003年發牌法令" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Licensing Act 2003"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=2003%E5%B9%B4%E7%99%BC%E7%89%8C%E6%B3%95%E4%BB%A4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2003年發牌法令（页面不存在）">2003年發牌法令</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Licensing_Act_2003" class="extiw" title="en:Licensing Act 2003"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Licensing Act 2003</span></a></span>）</span></span>》，這些管轄權都已撤銷。 </p><p>在《<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="2003年法院法令" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Courts Act 2003"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=2003%E5%B9%B4%E6%B3%95%E9%99%A2%E6%B3%95%E4%BB%A4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2003年法院法令（页面不存在）">2003年法院法令</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Courts_Act_2003" class="extiw" title="en:Courts Act 2003"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Courts Act 2003</span></a></span>）</span></span>》正式執行以前，裁判官都限制在指定地區工作。這規定現已變更，改為編配到各<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="地方司法區" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Local justice areas"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%B8%E6%B3%95%E5%8D%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="地方司法區（页面不存在）">地方司法區</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_justice_areas" class="extiw" title="en:Local justice areas"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Local justice areas</span></a></span>）</span></span>。 </p><p>《<a href="/w/index.php?title=1997%E5%B9%B4%E5%A4%AA%E5%B9%B3%E7%B4%B3%E5%A3%AB%E6%B3%95%E4%BB%A4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1997年太平紳士法令（页面不存在）">1997年太平紳士法令</a>》為現時太平紳士的委任訂立框架，由<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E6%B3%95%E5%AE%98_(%E8%8B%B1%E5%9C%8B)" title="大法官 (英國)">大法官</a>以<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%9C%8B%E5%90%9B%E4%B8%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="英國君主">英國君主</a>的名義委任；根據相同的機制，亦可用於太平紳士的撤銷。區域法院法官（裁判法庭）在委任前必須要有七年的一般資歷，並由英國君主按大法官的建議而委任。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="蘇格蘭"><span id=".E8.98.87.E6.A0.BC.E8.98.AD"></span>蘇格蘭</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%AA%E5%B9%B3%E7%B4%B3%E5%A3%AB&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：蘇格蘭"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>在<a href="/wiki/%E8%98%87%E6%A0%BC%E8%98%AD" title="蘇格蘭">蘇格蘭</a>法律體系中，太平紳士都是蘇格蘭區域法院內的非專業裁判官。「蘇格蘭區域法院」在1975年設立，用以取代過往的自治市警察法院。裁判官或單獨審理案件，又或三位共同審理、並有一位具資歷的審裁顧問擔任召集人或法庭書記。裁判官負責審理危害公眾安寧、醉酒、輕微襲擊罪、小額<a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%9C%E7%AB%8A" class="mw-redirect" title="盜竊">盜竊</a>案及其他根據《1982年文人政府（蘇格蘭）法令》所訂定的犯法行為。 </p><p>在<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E6%8B%89%E6%96%AF%E5%93%A5" title="格拉斯哥">格拉斯哥</a>，由於法院需要審理大量案件，使以聘請了三位事務律師擔任「受薪裁判官」，以取代非專業法官的職能。受薪裁判官與簡易郡法院具有等同的定罪權力。不過，在2006年，<a href="/wiki/%E8%98%87%E6%A0%BC%E8%98%AD%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E9%99%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="蘇格蘭行政院">蘇格蘭行政院</a>頒布統一郡法院及區域法院的管理，但仍保留非專業法官，作為把蘇格蘭的司法體系統領於<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%98%87%E6%A0%BC%E8%98%AD%E4%B8%8A%E8%AE%AE%E9%99%A2%E5%A4%A7%E6%B3%95%E5%AE%98&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="蘇格蘭上议院大法官（页面不存在）">上议院大法官</a>的第一步。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="澳洲"><span id=".E6.BE.B3.E6.B4.B2"></span>澳洲</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%AA%E5%B9%B3%E7%B4%B3%E5%A3%AB&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：澳洲"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E5%B9%B3%E7%B4%B3%E5%A3%AB_(%E6%BE%B3%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E)" title="太平紳士 (澳大利亞)">太平紳士 (澳大利亞)</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E6%BE%B3%E6%B4%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="澳洲">澳洲</a>的太平紳士通常是由社区中有良好纪录的公民擔任，有权见证与签署<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%AE%9A%E5%A3%B0%E6%98%8E" title="法定声明">法定声明</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%A3%E8%AA%93%E6%9B%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="宣誓書">宣誓書</a>，以及公证文件副本。澳洲太平绅士制度由每州各自架构规范，因此各州的任命条件有别。例如，在<a href="/wiki/%E6%98%86%E5%A3%AB%E5%85%B0%E5%B7%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="昆士兰州">昆士兰州</a>，（合格）太平绅士必须通过太平绅士资格考试后才有资格接受任命。而在<a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E5%A4%9A%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%E5%B7%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="维多利亚州">维多利亚州</a>，只要通过符合要求的第三方证明自己的良好品格，即有資格成為太平绅士。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="香港"><span id=".E9.A6.99.E6.B8.AF"></span>香港</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%AA%E5%B9%B3%E7%B4%B3%E5%A3%AB&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节：香港"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF" title="香港">香港</a>的太平紳士制度沿襲自英國<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%B1%AC%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF" title="英屬香港">殖民地時期</a><sup id="cite_ref-170年歷史_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-170年歷史-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，在殖民地時期是一套有效的監督及視察制度，该制度设立一条獨立渠道，以便有需要人士提出投訴，並讓有關方面按規定就投訴作出調查、跟進。此外，相關的決策局或部門也可听取太平紳士提出意見及建議，藉此改善設施和服務管理方面的問題，太平紳士制度在1997年特區政府組成後仍然保留<sup id="cite_ref-酬庸_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-酬庸-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>香港的太平紳士制度可以追溯到<a href="/wiki/1843%E5%B9%B4" title="1843年">1843年</a>。根據當年刊憲的<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E7%9A%87%E5%88%B6%E8%AA%A5_(%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF)" title="英皇制誥 (香港)">英皇制誥</a>，<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E7%B8%BD%E7%9D%A3" title="香港總督">香港總督</a>（港督）有權任命人來擔任某些公職，其中包括太平紳士<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。1843年，首任港督<a href="/wiki/%E7%A0%B5%E7%94%B8%E4%B9%8D" title="砵甸乍">砵甸乍</a>特選了44位社會人士成為治安委員，組成「英屬香港治安委員會」。及後，「治安委員」擴大權利及易名為「太平紳士」。早期香港的太平紳士全屬英國洋人，及至1878年12月14日<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8D%E5%BB%B7%E8%8A%B3" title="伍廷芳">伍廷芳</a>獲港督軒尼詩委任為首名華裔太平紳士。自此，不少華裔陸續被委任為太平紳士。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E7%AB%8B%E6%B3%95%E5%B1%80" title="香港立法局">香港立法局</a>於1997年5月通過《太平紳士條例》（香港法例510章），從而確定了太平紳士在<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E4%B8%BB%E6%AC%8A%E7%A7%BB%E4%BA%A4" class="mw-redirect" title="香港主權移交">香港主權移交</a>後的法律地位。 </p><p>現時香港太平紳士分為官守太平紳士、非官守太平紳士、新界太平紳士三種，三者的產生程序和任職條件上均有差異，但前兩者於職能及地位上沒有分別，只有新界太平紳士比較特別。 </p><p>官守太平紳士都是公職人士。在政府官員當中，一般而言只有在政府有15年以上經驗者的副署長、副秘書長又或者如助理署長，才會獲選為官守太平紳士。另外，全港十八區的<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%91%E6%94%BF%E4%BA%8B%E5%8B%99%E8%99%95" title="民政事務處">民政事務處</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%91%E6%94%BF%E4%BA%8B%E5%8B%99%E5%B0%88%E5%93%A1" title="民政事務專員">民政事務專員</a>，會自動成為官守太平紳士，方便協助執行職責。官守太平紳士在離開公職時，自動卸任。 </p><p>非官守太平紳士一般要經過由<a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BF%E5%8B%99%E5%8F%B8%E5%8F%B8%E9%95%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="政務司司長">政務司司長</a>（主權移交前則為<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E6%94%BF%E5%8F%B8" class="mw-disambig" title="布政司">布政司</a>）為主席的<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9D%9E%E5%AE%98%E5%AE%88%E5%A4%AA%E5%B9%B3%E7%B4%B3%E5%A3%AB%E9%81%B4%E9%81%B8%E5%A7%94%E5%93%A1%E6%9C%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="非官守太平紳士遴選委員會（页面不存在）">非官守太平紳士遴選委員會</a>委員作遴選，再由<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E7%89%B9%E5%88%A5%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E5%8D%80%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E9%95%B7%E5%AE%98" title="香港特別行政區行政長官">行政長官</a>（政權移交前則為港督）委任，委任人士並沒有特別要求，一般都是熱心公益事務人士，又或是對香港社會有貢獻者。 </p><p>新界太平紳士則由<a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BF%E5%8B%99%E5%8F%B8%E5%8F%B8%E9%95%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="政務司司長">政務司司長</a>按認為合適他決定的條款及條件，在已經擔任非官守太平紳士的人中委任。而根據《鄉議局條例》第3(2)(a)(ii)條，新界太平紳士是<a href="/wiki/%E9%84%89%E8%AD%B0%E5%B1%80" class="mw-redirect" title="鄉議局">鄉議局</a>的當然議員。 </p><p>香港的太平紳士其中一項職責為巡視如<a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%A3%E7%8D%84" title="監獄">監獄</a>等羈押院所，接受被扣留者的投訴，避免<a href="/wiki/%E6%87%B2%E6%95%99%E7%BD%B2" title="懲教署">懲教署</a>對扣留人士施行法院判決以外的刑罰。太平紳士同時可監理和接受市民的宣誓和聲明，使該宣誓或聲明具有<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%BE%8B" title="法律">法律</a>效力，此範疇的工作中最為人所熟知的是於每次<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AD%E5%90%88%E5%BD%A9" title="六合彩">六合彩</a>開彩攪珠時聯同<a href="/wiki/%E7%8D%8E%E5%8A%B5%E5%9F%BA%E9%87%91" class="mw-redirect" title="獎劵基金">獎劵基金</a>受助機構代表負責監理開彩結果，非官守太平紳士還有可能擔任各類咨詢委員會的委員。 </p><p>獲委任為太平紳士的人可在其名字後加上「JP」字樣，作為個人正式頭銜之一部份。在香港，一般人視太平紳士為一種身份象徵，因此有不少社區人士皆踴躍捐款或擔任公職，以期獲委任為太平紳士。在過往，香港的太平紳士亦类似其他英聯邦國家，需要審理案件；但現時其職能已被具有法律資歷的全職裁判官所取代。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="加拿大"><span id=".E5.8A.A0.E6.8B.BF.E5.A4.A7"></span>加拿大</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%AA%E5%B9%B3%E7%B4%B3%E5%A3%AB&action=edit&section=6" title="编辑章节：加拿大"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>在<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E6%8B%BF%E5%A4%A7" title="加拿大">加拿大</a>各省的司法制度中，太平紳士的職務包括作為較為輕微案件（例如違反交通條例）的裁判官。加拿大太平紳士全部都由該省省長提名，由<a href="/wiki/%E7%9C%81%E7%9D%A3_(%E5%8A%A0%E6%8B%BF%E5%A4%A7)" title="省督 (加拿大)">省督</a>委任。但是，要成為太平紳士的人士都需要有一些專業資格或法律常識。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="马来西亚"><span id=".E9.A9.AC.E6.9D.A5.E8.A5.BF.E4.BA.9A"></span>马来西亚</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%AA%E5%B9%B3%E7%B4%B3%E5%A3%AB&action=edit&section=7" title="编辑章节：马来西亚"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>在马来西亚，部分对社会有功人士也会被授予该勋衔，被称为“太平局绅”<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。著名受封者包括<a href="/wiki/%E9%82%B1%E6%96%87%E7%8E%89" title="邱文玉">邱文玉</a><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="參考資料"><span id=".E5.8F.83.E8.80.83.E8.B3.87.E6.96.99"></span>參考資料</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%AA%E5%B9%B3%E7%B4%B3%E5%A3%AB&action=edit&section=8" title="编辑章节：參考資料"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="references-small"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-170年歷史-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-170年歷史_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a 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8頁. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2018-03-05</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190622222036/https://www.legco.gov.hk/general/english/library/infopacks/yr11-12/1112infopacks-lc-04-e.pdf">存档</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>于2019-06-22） <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">（英语）</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%A4%AA%E5%B9%B3%E7%B4%B3%E5%A3%AB&rft.atitle=Letters+Patent&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E7%AB%8B%E6%B3%95%E6%9C%83&rft.pages=8%E9%A0%81&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.legco.gov.hk%2Fgeneral%2Fenglish%2Flibrary%2Finfopacks%2Fyr11-12%2F1112infopacks-lc-04-e.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li 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title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%A4%AA%E5%B9%B3%E7%B4%B3%E5%A3%AB&rft.atitle=7%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E9%97%BB%E4%BA%BA+%E5%AE%A3%E8%AA%93%E5%B0%B1%E4%BB%BB%E5%A4%AA%E5%B9%B3%E5%B1%80%E7%BB%85&rft.date=2021-12-15&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%E3%80%8A%E8%AF%97%E5%8D%8E%E6%97%A5%E6%8A%A5%E3%80%8B&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.seehua.com%2Fpost%2F781812&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/digitised/article/scjp19621101-1.2.52.5">邱文玉先生榮膺柔佛蘇丹殿下晋封太平局紳誌慶</a>. 《<a href="/wiki/%E6%98%9F%E6%B4%B2%E6%97%A5%E6%8A%A5" class="mw-redirect" title="星洲日报">星洲日报</a>》. 1962-11-01. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240327162543/https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/digitised/article/scjp19621101-1.2.52.5">存档</a>于2024-03-27） <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到中文网页">（中文）</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%A4%AA%E5%B9%B3%E7%B4%B3%E5%A3%AB&rft.atitle=%E9%82%B1%E6%96%87%E7%8E%89%E5%85%88%E7%94%9F%E6%A6%AE%E8%86%BA%E6%9F%94%E4%BD%9B%E8%98%87%E4%B8%B9%E6%AE%BF%E4%B8%8B%E6%99%8B%E5%B0%81%E5%A4%AA%E5%B9%B3%E5%B1%80%E7%B4%B3%E8%AA%8C%E6%85%B6&rft.date=1962-11-01&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%E3%80%8A%E6%98%9F%E6%B4%B2%E6%97%A5%E6%8A%A5%E3%80%8B&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feresources.nlb.gov.sg%2Fnewspapers%2Fdigitised%2Farticle%2Fscjp19621101-1.2.52.5&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol> <ul><li>李東海主編，《香港太平紳士和申訴專員》，中國文史出版社，2002年。</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="參見"><span id=".E5.8F.83.E8.A6.8B"></span>參見</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%AA%E5%B9%B3%E7%B4%B3%E5%A3%AB&action=edit&section=9" title="编辑章节：參見"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E5%A4%AA%E5%B9%B3%E7%B4%B3%E5%A3%AB%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="香港太平紳士列表">香港太平紳士列表</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E5%B9%B3%E7%B4%B3%E5%A3%AB%E6%B3%95%E4%BB%A4" title="太平紳士法令">太平紳士法令</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%B3%E5%A3%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="紳士">紳士</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="外部链接"><span id=".E5.A4.96.E9.83.A8.E9.93.BE.E6.8E.A5"></span>外部链接</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a 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