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Thomas Becket - Wikipedia

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life</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Primacy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Primacy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Primacy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Primacy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Constitutions_of_Clarendon" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Constitutions_of_Clarendon"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Constitutions of Clarendon</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Constitutions_of_Clarendon-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Assassination" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Assassination"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Assassination</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Assassination-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-After_Becket&#039;s_death" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#After_Becket&#039;s_death"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>After Becket's death</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-After_Becket&#039;s_death-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cult_in_the_Middle_Ages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cult_in_the_Middle_Ages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Cult in the Middle Ages</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cult_in_the_Middle_Ages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legacy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legacy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Legacy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legacy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Explanatory_notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Explanatory_notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Explanatory notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Explanatory_notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Footnotes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Footnotes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.1</span> <span>Footnotes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Footnotes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.2</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Further reading subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Biographies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Biographies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.1</span> <span>Biographies</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Biographies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Historiography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historiography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.2</span> <span>Historiography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Historiography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Thomas Becket</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 57 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-57" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">57 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Becket" title="Thomas Becket – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Thomas Becket" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B3_%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%AA" title="توماس بيكيت – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="توماس بيكيت" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81_%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Томас Бекет – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Томас Бекет" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81_%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Томас Бекет – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Томас Бекет" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Becket" title="Thomas Becket – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Thomas Becket" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Becket" title="Thomas Becket – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Thomas Becket" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom%C3%A1%C5%A1_Becket" title="Tomáš Becket – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Tomáš Becket" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Becket" title="Thomas Becket – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Thomas Becket" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Becket" title="Thomas Becket – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Thomas Becket" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Becket" title="Thomas Becket – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Thomas Becket" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Becket" title="Thomas Becket – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Thomas Becket" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A4%CF%8C%CE%BC%CE%B1%CF%82_%CE%9C%CF%80%CE%AD%CE%BA%CE%B5%CF%84" title="Τόμας Μπέκετ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Τόμας Μπέκετ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom%C3%A1s_Becket" title="Tomás Becket – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Tomás Becket" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Becket" title="Thomas Becket – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Thomas Becket" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Becket" title="Thomas Becket – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Thomas Becket" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B3_%D8%A8%DA%A9%D8%AA" title="توماس بکت – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="توماس بکت" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Becket" title="Thomas Becket – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Thomas Becket" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Becket" title="Thomas Becket – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Thomas Becket" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Becket" title="Thomas Becket – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Thomas Becket" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%86%A0%EB%A8%B8%EC%8A%A4_%EB%B2%A0%EC%BC%93" title="토머스 베켓 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="토머스 베켓" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B9%D5%B8%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%BD_%D4%B2%D5%A5%D6%84%D5%A5%D5%A9" title="Թոմաս Բեքեթ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Թոմաս Բեքեթ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toma_Becket" title="Toma Becket – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Toma Becket" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Becket" title="Thomas Becket – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Thomas Becket" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Becket" title="Thomas Becket – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Thomas Becket" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tommaso_Becket" title="Tommaso Becket – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Tommaso Becket" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%AA%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%A1_%D7%91%D7%A7%D7%98" title="תומאס בקט – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="תומאס בקט" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%97%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%91%E1%83%94%E1%83%99%E1%83%94%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98" title="თომას ბეკეტი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="თომას ბეკეტი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Becket" title="Thomas Becket – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Thomas Becket" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_a_Becket" title="Thomas a Becket – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Thomas a Becket" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tomass_Bekets" title="Tomass Bekets – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Tomass Bekets" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Becket" title="Thomas Becket – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Thomas Becket" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canterburyi_Szent_Tam%C3%A1s" title="Canterburyi Szent Tamás – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Canterburyi Szent Tamás" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81_%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Томас Бекет – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Томас Бекет" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B3_%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%AA" title="توماس بيكيت – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="توماس بيكيت" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Becket" title="Thomas Becket – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Thomas Becket" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Becket" title="Thomas Becket – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Thomas Becket" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%88%E3%83%9E%E3%82%B9%E3%83%BB%E3%83%99%E3%82%B1%E3%83%83%E3%83%88" title="トマス・ベケット – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="トマス・ベケット" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Becket" title="Thomas Becket – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Thomas Becket" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thonmas_Betchet" title="Thonmas Betchet – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Thonmas Betchet" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tomasz_Becket" title="Tomasz Becket – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Tomasz Becket" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom%C3%A1s_Becket" title="Tomás Becket – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Tomás Becket" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Becket" title="Thomas Becket – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Thomas Becket" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%82,_%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81" title="Бекет, Томас – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Бекет, Томас" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Becket" title="Thomas Becket – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Thomas Becket" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Becket" title="Thomas Becket – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Thomas Becket" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom%C3%A1%C5%A1_Becket" title="Tomáš Becket – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Tomáš Becket" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toma%C5%BE_Becket" title="Tomaž Becket – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Tomaž Becket" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81_%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Томас Бекет – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Томас Бекет" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Becket" title="Thomas Becket – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Thomas Becket" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Becket" title="Thomas Becket – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Thomas Becket" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Becket" title="Thomas Becket – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Thomas Becket" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%B8%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D" title="தாமஸ் பெக்கெட் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="தாமஸ் பெக்கெட்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%AA_%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9A%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%95" title="ทอมัส แบ็กกิต – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ทอมัส แบ็กกิต" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Becket" title="Thomas Becket – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Thomas Becket" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81_%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Томас Бекет – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Томас Бекет" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Becket" title="Thomas Becket – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" 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cdx-icon--medium&#10;&#9;&#9;&#9;&#9;&#9;&#9;&#9;cdx-fr-css-icon--close"></span></button></header><div class="cdx-dialog__body">This is the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Pending_changes" title="Wikipedia:Pending changes">latest accepted revision</a>, <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&amp;type=review&amp;page=Special:Badtitle/Message">reviewed</a> on <i>16 November 2024</i>.</div></div><div tabindex="0"></div></div></div></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">English archbishop and martyr (1119/20–1170)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><span>"Thomas a Becket" redirects here. Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Thomas_%C3%A0_Beckett_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Thomas à Beckett (disambiguation)">Thomas à Beckett (disambiguation)</a>.</span> <span>For the school in Northampton, see <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Becket_Catholic_School" title="Thomas Becket Catholic School">Thomas Becket Catholic School</a>. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Beckett_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Thomas Beckett (disambiguation)">Thomas Beckett</a>.</span></div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above n" style="font-size:125%;color: #202122; background-color: #DFB0DF;"><div class="honorific-prefix" style="font-size: 77%; font-weight: normal;display:inline;">Saint</div><br /><div style="display:inline" class="fn">Thomas Becket</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader role"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Archbishop_of_Canterbury" title="Archbishop of Canterbury">Archbishop of Canterbury</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Primate_of_All_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Primate of All England">Primate of England</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:BecketHenryII_(Thomas_Becket).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/66/BecketHenryII_%28Thomas_Becket%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="155" height="264" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="155" data-file-height="264" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Church</th><td class="infobox-data org"><a href="/wiki/Latin_Church" title="Latin Church">Latin Church</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Archdiocese</th><td class="infobox-data">Canterbury</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">See</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Archdiocese_of_Canterbury" class="mw-redirect" title="Archdiocese of Canterbury">Canterbury</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Appointed</th><td class="infobox-data">24 May 1162</td></tr><tr class="note"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Term ended</th><td class="infobox-data">29 December 1170</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Predecessor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Theobald_of_Bec" title="Theobald of Bec">Theobald of Bec</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Successor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Roger_de_Bailleul" title="Roger de Bailleul">Roger de Bailleul</a> (Archbishop-elect)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Previous post(s)</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Archdeacon_of_Canterbury" title="Archdeacon of Canterbury">Archdeacon of Canterbury</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Lord_Chancellor_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Lord Chancellor of England">Lord Chancellor of England</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background-color:#DDDDDD;">Orders</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Ordination</th><td class="infobox-data">2 June 1162</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Consecration</th><td class="infobox-data">3 June 1162<br />by&#160;<a href="/wiki/Henry_of_Blois" title="Henry of Blois">Henry of Blois</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background-color:#DDDDDD;">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data">21 December <span title="circa">c.</span><span style="white-space:nowrap;">&#8201;1119</span><br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Cheapside" title="Cheapside">Cheapside</a>, London, <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_England" title="Kingdom of England">Kingdom of England</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">29 December 1170 (aged 50 or 51)<br /><a href="/wiki/Canterbury_Cathedral" title="Canterbury Cathedral">Canterbury Cathedral</a>, Kent, Kingdom of England</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Buried</th><td class="infobox-data">Canterbury Cathedral</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Denomination</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Catholicism" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholicism">Catholicism</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Parents</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>Gilbert Beket</li><li>Matilda</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background-color:#DDDDDD;">Sainthood</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Feast day</th><td class="infobox-data">29 December</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Venerated in</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Anglican_Communion" title="Anglican Communion">Anglican Communion</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Beatified</th><td class="infobox-data">by&#160;<a href="/wiki/Pope_Alexander_III" title="Pope Alexander III">Pope Alexander III</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Canonized</th><td class="infobox-data">21 February 1173<br />by&#160;Pope Alexander III</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Attributes</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r979066050">.mw-parser-output ul.cslist,.mw-parser-output ul.sslist{margin:0;padding:0;display:inline-block;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output ul.cslist-embedded{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .cslist li,.mw-parser-output .sslist li{margin:0;padding:0 0.25em 0 0;display:inline-block}.mw-parser-output .cslist li:after{content:", "}.mw-parser-output .sslist li:after{content:"; "}.mw-parser-output .cslist li:last-child:after,.mw-parser-output .sslist li:last-child:after{content:none}</style><ul class="cslist"><li><a href="/wiki/Sword" title="Sword">Sword</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Martyrdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Martyrdom">martyrdom</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Episcopal_vestments" class="mw-redirect" title="Episcopal vestments">episcopal vestments</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Patronage</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r979066050"><ul class="sslist"><li><a href="/wiki/Exeter_College,_Oxford" title="Exeter College, Oxford">Exeter College, Oxford</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Portsmouth" title="Portsmouth">Portsmouth</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Arbroath_Abbey" title="Arbroath Abbey">Arbroath Abbey</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Secular_clergy" title="Secular clergy">secular clergy</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/City_of_London" title="City of London">City of London</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Shrines</th><td class="infobox-data">Canterbury Cathedral</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Cult suppressed</th><td class="infobox-data">1538 (by <a href="/wiki/Henry_VIII" title="Henry VIII">Henry VIII</a>)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:#eee;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Lord_Chancellor" title="Lord Chancellor">Lord Chancellor</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />1155–1162</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Monarch</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Henry_II_of_England" title="Henry II of England">Henry II</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Robert_of_Ghent" title="Robert of Ghent">Robert of Ghent</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Ridel_(bishop_of_Ely)" title="Geoffrey Ridel (bishop of Ely)">Geoffrey Ridel</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Thomas Becket</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="&#39;b&#39; in &#39;buy&#39;">b</span><span title="/ɛ/: &#39;e&#39; in &#39;dress&#39;">ɛ</span><span title="&#39;k&#39; in &#39;kind&#39;">k</span><span title="/ɪ/: &#39;i&#39; in &#39;kit&#39;">ɪ</span><span title="&#39;t&#39; in &#39;tie&#39;">t</span></span>/</a></span></span>), also known as <b>Saint Thomas of Canterbury</b>, <b>Thomas of London</b><sup id="cite_ref-ODNB_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ODNB-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> and later <b>Thomas à Becket</b><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>note 1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> (21 December 1119 or 1120&#160;– 29 December 1170), served as <a href="/wiki/Lord_Chancellor" title="Lord Chancellor">Lord Chancellor</a> from 1155 to 1162, and then notably as <a href="/wiki/Archbishop_of_Canterbury" title="Archbishop of Canterbury">Archbishop of Canterbury</a> from 1162 until his death in 1170. He engaged in conflict with <a href="/wiki/Henry_II_of_England" title="Henry II of England">Henry II, King of England</a>, over the rights and privileges of the Church and was murdered by followers of the King in <a href="/wiki/Canterbury_Cathedral" title="Canterbury Cathedral">Canterbury Cathedral</a>. Soon after his death, he was <a href="/wiki/Canonization" title="Canonization">canonised</a> by <a href="/wiki/Pope_Alexander_III" title="Pope Alexander III">Pope Alexander III</a>. He is venerated as a <a href="/wiki/Saint" title="Saint">saint</a> and <a href="/wiki/Martyr" title="Martyr">martyr</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Anglican_Communion" title="Anglican Communion">Anglican Communion</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Becket&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The main sources for the life of Becket are a number of biographies written by contemporaries. A few of these documents are by unknown writers, although traditional historiography has given them names. The known biographers are <a href="/wiki/John_of_Salisbury" title="John of Salisbury">John of Salisbury</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edward_Grim" title="Edward Grim">Edward Grim</a>, <a href="/wiki/Benedict_of_Peterborough" title="Benedict of Peterborough">Benedict of Peterborough</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_of_Canterbury" title="William of Canterbury">William of Canterbury</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_fitzStephen" class="mw-redirect" title="William fitzStephen">William fitzStephen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guernes_de_Pont-Sainte-Maxence" title="Guernes de Pont-Sainte-Maxence">Guernes of Pont-Sainte-Maxence</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robert_of_Cricklade" title="Robert of Cricklade">Robert of Cricklade</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alan_of_Tewkesbury" title="Alan of Tewkesbury">Alan of Tewkesbury</a>, <a href="/wiki/Benet_of_St_Albans" title="Benet of St Albans">Benet of St Albans</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Herbert_of_Bosham" title="Herbert of Bosham">Herbert of Bosham</a>. The other biographers, who remain anonymous, are generally given the pseudonyms of Anonymous I, Anonymous II (or Anonymous of Lambeth), and Anonymous III (or Lansdowne Anonymous). Besides these accounts, there are also two other accounts that are likely contemporary that appear in the <i>Quadrilogus II</i> and the <span title="Icelandic-language text"><i lang="is"><a href="/wiki/Th%C3%B3mas_saga_Erkibyskups" title="Thómas saga Erkibyskups">Thómas saga Erkibyskups</a></i></span>. Besides these biographies, there is also the mention of the events of Becket's life in the chroniclers of the time. These include <a href="/wiki/Robert_of_Torigni" title="Robert of Torigni">Robert of Torigni</a>'s work, <a href="/wiki/Roger_of_Howden" title="Roger of Howden">Roger of Howden</a>'s <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Gesta Regis Henrici Secundi</i></span> and <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Chronica</i></span>, <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Diceto" class="mw-redirect" title="Ralph Diceto">Ralph Diceto</a>'s works, <a href="/wiki/William_of_Newburgh" title="William of Newburgh">William of Newburgh</a>'s <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Historia Rerum</i></span>, and <a href="/wiki/Gervase_of_Canterbury" title="Gervase of Canterbury">Gervase of Canterbury</a>'s works.<sup id="cite_ref-Barlow3_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Barlow3-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Becket&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Becket was born c. 1119,<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> or in 1120 according to later tradition,<sup id="cite_ref-ODNB_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ODNB-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> at <a href="/wiki/Cheapside" title="Cheapside">Cheapside</a>, London, on 21 December, the feast day of St Thomas the Apostle. He was the son of Gilbert and Matilda Beket.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>note 2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Gilbert's father was from <a href="/wiki/Thierville" title="Thierville">Thierville</a> in the lordship of Brionne in <a href="/wiki/Normandy" title="Normandy">Normandy</a>, and was either a small landowner or a petty knight.<sup id="cite_ref-ODNB_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ODNB-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Matilda was also of Norman descent<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> – her family may have originated near <a href="/wiki/Caen" title="Caen">Caen</a>. Gilbert was perhaps related to <a href="/wiki/Theobald_of_Bec" title="Theobald of Bec">Theobald of Bec</a>, whose family was also from Thierville. Gilbert began his life as a merchant, perhaps in textiles, but by the 1120s he was living in London and was a property owner, living on the rental income from his properties. He also served as the sheriff of the city at some point.<sup id="cite_ref-ODNB_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ODNB-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Becket's parents were buried in <a href="/wiki/Old_St_Paul%27s_Cathedral" title="Old St Paul&#39;s Cathedral">Old St Paul's Cathedral</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Thomas_Becket_Memorial_Plaque_on_Cheapside.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Thomas_Becket_Memorial_Plaque_on_Cheapside.jpg/260px-Thomas_Becket_Memorial_Plaque_on_Cheapside.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Thomas_Becket_Memorial_Plaque_on_Cheapside.jpg/390px-Thomas_Becket_Memorial_Plaque_on_Cheapside.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Thomas_Becket_Memorial_Plaque_on_Cheapside.jpg/520px-Thomas_Becket_Memorial_Plaque_on_Cheapside.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4639" data-file-height="3092" /></a><figcaption>Plaque marking Becket's birthplace on <a href="/wiki/Cheapside" title="Cheapside">Cheapside</a> in London</figcaption></figure> <p>One of Becket's father's wealthy friends, Richer de <a href="/wiki/L%27Aigle" title="L&#39;Aigle">L'Aigle</a>, often invited Thomas to his estates in <a href="/wiki/Sussex" title="Sussex">Sussex</a>, where Becket encountered hunting and hawking. According to Grim, Becket learned much from Richer, who was later a signatory of the <a href="/wiki/Constitutions_of_Clarendon" title="Constitutions of Clarendon">Constitutions of Clarendon</a> against him.<sup id="cite_ref-ODNB_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ODNB-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>At the age of 10, Becket was sent as a student to <a href="/wiki/Merton_Priory" title="Merton Priory">Merton Priory</a> south-west of the city in <a href="/wiki/Surrey" title="Surrey">Surrey</a>. He later attended a grammar school in London, perhaps the one at St Paul's Cathedral. He did not study any subjects beyond the <a href="/wiki/Trivium_(education)" class="mw-redirect" title="Trivium (education)">trivium</a> and <a href="/wiki/Quadrivium" title="Quadrivium">quadrivium</a> at these schools. Around the age of 20, he spent about a year in Paris, but he did not study canon or civil law at the time and his <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a> skill always remained somewhat rudimentary. Some time after Becket began his schooling, Gilbert Becket suffered financial reverses and the younger Becket was forced to earn a living as a clerk. Gilbert first secured a place for his son in the business of a relative – Osbert Huitdeniers. Later Becket acquired a position in the household of Theobald of Bec, by then <a href="/wiki/Archbishop_of_Canterbury" title="Archbishop of Canterbury">Archbishop of Canterbury</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ODNB_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ODNB-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Theobald entrusted him with several important missions to Rome and also sent him to <a href="/wiki/Bologna" title="Bologna">Bologna</a> and <a href="/wiki/Auxerre" title="Auxerre">Auxerre</a> to study <a href="/wiki/Canon_law" title="Canon law">canon law</a>. In 1154, Theobald named Becket <a href="/wiki/List_of_Archdeacons_of_Canterbury" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Archdeacons of Canterbury">Archdeacon of Canterbury</a>, and other ecclesiastical offices included a number of <a href="/wiki/Benefice" title="Benefice">benefices</a>, <a href="/wiki/Prebendary" title="Prebendary">prebends</a> at <a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Cathedral" title="Lincoln Cathedral">Lincoln Cathedral</a> and St Paul's Cathedral, and the office of <a href="/wiki/Provost_(religion)" title="Provost (religion)">Provost</a> of <a href="/wiki/Beverley" title="Beverley">Beverley</a>. His efficiency in those posts led Theobald to recommend him to King <a href="/wiki/Henry_II_of_England" title="Henry II of England">Henry II</a> for the vacant post of <a href="/wiki/Lord_Chancellor" title="Lord Chancellor">Lord Chancellor</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-ODNB_1-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ODNB-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> to which Becket was appointed in January 1155.<sup id="cite_ref-Handbook84_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Handbook84-10"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>As Chancellor, Becket enforced the king's traditional sources of revenue that were exacted from all landowners, including churches and bishoprics.<sup id="cite_ref-ODNB_1-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ODNB-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> King Henry sent his son <a href="/wiki/Henry_the_Young_King" title="Henry the Young King">Henry</a> to live in Becket's household, it being the custom then for noble children to be fostered out to other noble houses.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>&#93;</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Primacy">Primacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Becket&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section: Primacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Becket was nominated as Archbishop of Canterbury in 1162, several months after the death of Theobald. His election was confirmed on 23 May 1162 by a royal council of bishops and noblemen.<sup id="cite_ref-ODNB_1-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ODNB-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Henry may have hoped that Becket would continue to put royal government first, rather than the church, but the famed transformation of Becket into an <a href="/wiki/Ascetic" class="mw-redirect" title="Ascetic">ascetic</a> occurred at this time.<sup id="cite_ref-Huscroft192_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Huscroft192-11"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed center"> <li class="gallerycaption">Becket enthroned as Archbishop of Canterbury from a <a href="/wiki/Nottingham_Alabaster" class="mw-redirect" title="Nottingham Alabaster">Nottingham Alabaster</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Victoria_%26_Albert_Museum" class="mw-redirect" title="Victoria &amp; Albert Museum">Victoria &amp; Albert Museum</a></li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 202px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 200px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:StThomasEnthroned.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/StThomasEnthroned.jpg/300px-StThomasEnthroned.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/StThomasEnthroned.jpg/450px-StThomasEnthroned.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/StThomasEnthroned.jpg/600px-StThomasEnthroned.jpg 2x" data-file-width="768" data-file-height="768" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 202px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 200px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:StThomasSens.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/StThomasSens.jpg/300px-StThomasSens.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/StThomasSens.jpg/450px-StThomasSens.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/StThomasSens.jpg/600px-StThomasSens.jpg 2x" data-file-width="768" data-file-height="768" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"></div> </li> </ul> <p>Becket was ordained a priest on 2 June 1162 at Canterbury, and on 3 June 1162 was <a href="/wiki/Consecration#Ordination_of_bishops" class="mw-redirect" title="Consecration">consecrated</a> as archbishop by <a href="/wiki/Henry_of_Blois" title="Henry of Blois">Henry of Blois</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Bishop_of_Winchester" title="Bishop of Winchester">Bishop of Winchester</a> and the other <a href="/wiki/Suffragan_bishop" title="Suffragan bishop">suffragan bishops</a> of Canterbury.<sup id="cite_ref-ODNB_1-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ODNB-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>A rift grew between Henry and Becket as the new archbishop resigned his <a href="/wiki/Chancellor" title="Chancellor">chancellorship</a> and sought to recover and extend the rights of the <a href="/wiki/Archbishopric" class="mw-redirect" title="Archbishopric">archbishopric</a>. This led to a series of conflicts with the King, including one over the jurisdiction of secular courts over English clergymen, which accelerated antipathy between Becket and the king. Attempts by Henry to influence other bishops against Becket began in <a href="/wiki/Westminster_Abbey" title="Westminster Abbey">Westminster</a> in October 1163, where the King sought approval of the traditional rights of royal government in regard to the church.<sup id="cite_ref-ODNB_1-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ODNB-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> This led to the <a href="/wiki/Constitutions_of_Clarendon" title="Constitutions of Clarendon">Constitutions of Clarendon</a>, where Becket was officially asked to agree to the King's rights or face political repercussions. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Constitutions_of_Clarendon">Constitutions of Clarendon</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Becket&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Edit section: Constitutions of Clarendon"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Becket_controversy" title="Becket controversy">Becket controversy</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Constitutions_of_Clarendon" title="Constitutions of Clarendon">Constitutions of Clarendon</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jindrich2_Beckett.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Manuscript illustration. The central man is wearing robes and a mitre and is facing the seated figure on the left. The seated man is wearing a crown and robes and is gesturing at the mitred man. Behind the mitred figure are a number of standing men wearing armour and carrying weapons." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Jindrich2_Beckett.jpg/220px-Jindrich2_Beckett.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="187" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Jindrich2_Beckett.jpg/330px-Jindrich2_Beckett.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Jindrich2_Beckett.jpg/440px-Jindrich2_Beckett.jpg 2x" data-file-width="470" data-file-height="400" /></a><figcaption>14th-century depiction of Becket with King Henry II</figcaption></figure> <p>King Henry II presided over assemblies of most of the higher English clergy at <a href="/wiki/Clarendon_Palace" title="Clarendon Palace">Clarendon Palace</a> on 30 January 1164. In 16 constitutions he sought less clerical independence and weaker connections with Rome. He used his skills to induce their consent and apparently succeeded with all but Becket. Finally, even Becket expressed willingness to agree to the substance of the <a href="/wiki/Constitutions_of_Clarendon" title="Constitutions of Clarendon">Constitutions of Clarendon</a>, but he still refused formally to sign the documents. Henry summoned Becket to appear before a great council at <a href="/wiki/Northampton_Castle" title="Northampton Castle">Northampton Castle</a> on 8 October 1164, to answer allegations of contempt of royal authority and <a href="/wiki/Malfeasance" class="mw-redirect" title="Malfeasance">malfeasance</a> in the Chancellor's office. Convicted on the charges, Becket stormed out of the trial and fled to the <a href="/wiki/Continental_Europe" title="Continental Europe">Continent</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ODNB_1-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ODNB-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Henry pursued the fugitive archbishop with a series of <a href="/wiki/Edict" title="Edict">edicts</a>, targeting Becket and all Becket's friends and supporters, but King <a href="/wiki/Louis_VII_of_France" title="Louis VII of France">Louis VII of France</a> offered Becket protection. He spent nearly two years in the <a href="/wiki/Cistercian" class="mw-redirect" title="Cistercian">Cistercian</a> <a href="/wiki/Abbey" title="Abbey">abbey</a> of <a href="/wiki/Pontigny_Abbey" title="Pontigny Abbey">Pontigny</a>, until Henry's threats against the order obliged him to return to <a href="/wiki/Sens" title="Sens">Sens</a>. Becket fought back by threatening <a href="/wiki/Excommunication" title="Excommunication">excommunication</a> and an <a href="/wiki/Interdict" title="Interdict">interdict</a> against the king and bishops and the kingdom, but <a href="/wiki/Pope_Alexander_III" title="Pope Alexander III">Pope Alexander III</a>, though sympathising with him in theory, favoured a more diplomatic approach. <a href="/wiki/Papal_legates" class="mw-redirect" title="Papal legates">Papal legates</a> were sent in 1167 with authority to act as arbitrators.<sup id="cite_ref-ODNB_1-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ODNB-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Arbroath_Abbey_Seal_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Arbroath_Abbey_Seal_01.jpg/220px-Arbroath_Abbey_Seal_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="182" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Arbroath_Abbey_Seal_01.jpg/330px-Arbroath_Abbey_Seal_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Arbroath_Abbey_Seal_01.jpg/440px-Arbroath_Abbey_Seal_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="744" data-file-height="616" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Seal_(device)" class="mw-redirect" title="Seal (device)">Seal</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Abbot_of_Arbroath" title="Abbot of Arbroath">Abbot of Arbroath</a>, showing the murder of Becket. <a href="/wiki/Arbroath_Abbey" title="Arbroath Abbey">Arbroath Abbey</a> was founded 8 years after the death of St Thomas and dedicated to him; it became the wealthiest abbey in Scotland.</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1170, Alexander sent delegates to impose a solution to the dispute. At that point, Henry offered a compromise that would allow Thomas to return to England from exile.<sup id="cite_ref-ODNB_1-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ODNB-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Assassination">Assassination</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Becket&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Edit section: Assassination"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Reliquary_Thomas_Becket_MNMA_Cl23296.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Reliquary_Thomas_Becket_MNMA_Cl23296.jpg/220px-Reliquary_Thomas_Becket_MNMA_Cl23296.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Reliquary_Thomas_Becket_MNMA_Cl23296.jpg/330px-Reliquary_Thomas_Becket_MNMA_Cl23296.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Reliquary_Thomas_Becket_MNMA_Cl23296.jpg/440px-Reliquary_Thomas_Becket_MNMA_Cl23296.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption>Becket's assassination and funeral, from a French enamelled <a href="/wiki/Chasse_(casket)" title="Chasse (casket)">chasse</a> made <span title="circa">c.</span><span style="white-space:nowrap;">&#8201;1190–1200</span>, one of about 52 surviving examples<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Place_of_murder_in_Canterbury_cathedral.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Place_of_murder_in_Canterbury_cathedral.jpg/170px-Place_of_murder_in_Canterbury_cathedral.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Place_of_murder_in_Canterbury_cathedral.jpg/255px-Place_of_murder_in_Canterbury_cathedral.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Place_of_murder_in_Canterbury_cathedral.jpg/340px-Place_of_murder_in_Canterbury_cathedral.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2448" data-file-height="3264" /></a><figcaption>Sculpture and altar marking the spot of Thomas Becket's martyrdom, Canterbury Cathedral. The sculpture by Giles Blomfield represents the knights' four swords (two metal swords with reddened tips and their two shadows).</figcaption></figure> <p>In June 1170, <a href="/wiki/Roger_de_Pont_L%27%C3%89v%C3%AAque" title="Roger de Pont L&#39;Évêque">Roger de Pont L'Évêque</a>, Archbishop of York, was at York with <a href="/wiki/Gilbert_Foliot" title="Gilbert Foliot">Gilbert Foliot</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bishop_of_London" title="Bishop of London">Bishop of London</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Josceline_de_Bohon" title="Josceline de Bohon">Josceline de Bohon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bishop_of_Salisbury" title="Bishop of Salisbury">Bishop of Salisbury</a>, to <a href="/wiki/Coronation#Coronation_of_heirs_apparent" title="Coronation">crown</a> the heir apparent, <a href="/wiki/Henry_the_Young_King" title="Henry the Young King">Henry the Young King</a>. This breached Canterbury's privilege of coronation and in November 1170 Becket excommunicated all three.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>On hearing reports of Becket's actions, Henry II is said to have uttered words interpreted by his men as wishing Becket killed.<sup id="cite_ref-Huscroft194_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Huscroft194-14"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The exact wording is in doubt and several versions were reported.<sup id="cite_ref-Warren508_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Warren508-15"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The most commonly quoted, as invented in 1740 and handed down by oral tradition, is "<a href="/wiki/Will_no_one_rid_me_of_this_turbulent_priest%3F" title="Will no one rid me of this turbulent priest?">Will no one rid me of this turbulent priest?</a>",<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> but according to historian <a href="/wiki/Simon_Schama" title="Simon Schama">Simon Schama</a> this is incorrect: he accepts the account of the contemporary biographer Edward Grim, writing in Latin, who gives, "What miserable drones and traitors have I nourished and brought up in my household, who let their lord be treated with such shameful contempt by a low-born cleric?"<sup id="cite_ref-Schama1_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schama1-17"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Many other variants have found their way into popular culture. </p><p>Regardless of what Henry said, it was interpreted as a royal command. Four knights,<sup id="cite_ref-Huscroft194_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Huscroft194-14"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Reginald_FitzUrse" class="mw-redirect" title="Reginald FitzUrse">Reginald FitzUrse</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hugh_de_Morville,_Lord_of_Westmorland" title="Hugh de Morville, Lord of Westmorland">Hugh de Morville</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_de_Tracy" title="William de Tracy">William de Tracy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Richard_le_Breton" title="Richard le Breton">Richard le Breton</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-ODNB_1-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ODNB-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> set out to confront the Archbishop of Canterbury. On 29 December 1170, they arrived at Canterbury. According to accounts by the monk Gervase of Canterbury and eyewitness Edward Grim, the knights placed their weapons under a tree outside the cathedral and hid their armour under cloaks before entering to challenge Becket. The knights told Becket he was to go to <a href="/wiki/Winchester" title="Winchester">Winchester</a> to give an account of his actions, but Becket refused. Not until he refused their demands to submit to the king's will did they retrieve their weapons and rush back inside for the killing.<sup id="cite_ref-APS_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-APS-18"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Becket, meanwhile, proceeded to the main hall for <a href="/wiki/Vespers" title="Vespers">vespers</a>. The other monks tried to bolt themselves in for safety, but Becket said to them, "It is not right to make a fortress out of the house of prayer!", ordering them to reopen the doors. </p><p>The four knights, wielding drawn swords, ran into the room crying, "Where is Thomas Becket, traitor to the King and country?" They found Becket in a spot near a door to the monastic cloister, the stairs into the crypt, and the stairs leading up into the <a href="/wiki/Choir_(architecture)" title="Choir (architecture)">quire</a> of the cathedral, where the monks were chanting vespers.<sup id="cite_ref-ODNB_1-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ODNB-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> On seeing them, Becket said, "I am no traitor and I am ready to die." One knight grabbed him and tried to pull him outside, but Becket grabbed onto a pillar and bowed his head to make peace with God.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Several contemporary accounts of what happened next exist; of particular note is that of Grim, who was wounded in the attack. This is part of his account: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>...the impious knight... suddenly set upon him and [shaved] off the summit of his crown which the sacred chrism consecrated to God... Then, with another blow received on the head, he remained firm. But with the third the stricken martyr bent his knees and elbows, offering himself as a living sacrifice, saying in a low voice, "For the name of Jesus and the protection of the church, I am ready to embrace death." But the third knight inflicted a grave wound on the fallen one; with this blow... his crown, which was large, separated from his head so that the blood turned white from the brain yet no less did the brain turn red from the blood; it purpled the appearance of the church... The fifth – not a knight but a cleric who had entered with the knights... placed his foot on the neck of the holy priest and precious martyr and (it is horrible to say) scattered the brains with the blood across the floor, exclaiming to the rest, "We can leave this place, knights, he will not get up again."<sup id="cite_ref-Lee2012_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lee2012-20"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>Another account appears in <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Expugnatio Hibernica</i></span> ("Conquest of Ireland", 1189) by <a href="/wiki/Giraldus_Cambrensis" class="mw-redirect" title="Giraldus Cambrensis">Gerald of Wales</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ivory_carving_St._Thomas_a_Becket.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Ivory_carving_St._Thomas_a_Becket.jpg/220px-Ivory_carving_St._Thomas_a_Becket.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Ivory_carving_St._Thomas_a_Becket.jpg/330px-Ivory_carving_St._Thomas_a_Becket.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Ivory_carving_St._Thomas_a_Becket.jpg/440px-Ivory_carving_St._Thomas_a_Becket.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3465" data-file-height="3465" /></a><figcaption>An ivory piece portraying the knights involved in Becket's assassination. One knight holds an axe with which to break down the door of the cathedral.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="After_Becket's_death"><span id="After_Becket.27s_death"></span>After Becket's death</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Becket&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="Edit section: After Becket&#039;s death"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After his death, the monks prepared Becket's body for burial.<sup id="cite_ref-ODNB_1-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ODNB-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> According to some accounts, it was found that Becket had worn a <a href="/wiki/Cilice" title="Cilice">hairshirt</a> under his archbishop's garments – a sign of penance.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Soon after, the faithful throughout Europe began venerating Becket as a <a href="/wiki/Martyr" title="Martyr">martyr</a>, and on 21 February 1173 – little more than two years after his death – he was <a href="/wiki/Canonised" class="mw-redirect" title="Canonised">canonised</a> by <a href="/wiki/Pope_Alexander_III" title="Pope Alexander III">Pope Alexander III</a> in St Peter's Church, <a href="/wiki/Segni" title="Segni">Segni</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ODNB_1-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ODNB-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> In 1173, Becket's sister Mary was appointed <a href="/wiki/Abbess" title="Abbess">Abbess</a> of <a href="/wiki/Barking_Abbey" title="Barking Abbey">Barking</a> as reparation for the murder of her brother.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> On 12 July 1174, amidst the <a href="/wiki/Revolt_of_1173%E2%80%9374" class="mw-redirect" title="Revolt of 1173–74">Revolt of 1173–74</a>, Henry humbled himself in public <a href="/wiki/Penance" title="Penance">penance</a> at Becket's tomb and at the church of <a href="/wiki/St._Dunstan%27s,_Canterbury" title="St. Dunstan&#39;s, Canterbury">St. Dunstan's</a>, which became a most popular <a href="/wiki/Christian_pilgrimage" title="Christian pilgrimage">pilgrimage</a> site.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>&#93;</sup> </p><p>Becket's assassins fled north to de Morville's <a href="/wiki/Knaresborough_Castle" title="Knaresborough Castle">Knaresborough Castle</a> for about a year. De Morville also held property in <a href="/wiki/Cumbria" title="Cumbria">Cumbria</a> and this too may have provided a hiding place, as the men prepared for a longer stay in the separate kingdom of Scotland. They were not arrested and Henry did not confiscate their lands, but he did not help them when they sought his advice in August 1171. Pope Alexander excommunicated all four. Seeking forgiveness, the assassins travelled to Rome, where the Pope ordered them to serve as knights in the Holy Lands for a period of 14 years.<sup id="cite_ref-Barlow_pp._257_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Barlow_pp._257-24"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>This sentence also inspired the <a href="/wiki/Knights_of_Saint_Thomas" title="Knights of Saint Thomas">Knights of Saint Thomas</a>, incorporated in 1191 at <a href="/wiki/Acre,_Israel#Second_Crusader_Kingdom_of_Jerusalem_(1191-1291)" title="Acre, Israel">Acre</a>, and which was to be modelled on the <a href="/wiki/Teutonic_Knights" class="mw-redirect" title="Teutonic Knights">Teutonic Knights</a>. This was the only military order native to England (with chapters in not only Acre, but London, Kilkenny, and Nicosia), just as the <a href="/wiki/Gilbertine_Order" title="Gilbertine Order">Gilbertine Order</a> was the only monastic order native to England. <a href="/wiki/Henry_VIII" title="Henry VIII">Henry VIII</a> dissolved both of these during the Reformation, rather than merging them with foreign orders or nationalising them as elements of the Protestant Church of England.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>&#93;</sup> </p><p>The monks were afraid Becket's body might be stolen, and so his remains were placed beneath the floor of the eastern <a href="/wiki/Crypt" title="Crypt">crypt</a> of the cathedral.<sup id="cite_ref-Barlow_pp._257_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Barlow_pp._257-24"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> A stone cover over it had two holes where <a href="/wiki/Christian_pilgrimage" title="Christian pilgrimage">pilgrims</a> could insert their heads and kiss the tomb,<sup id="cite_ref-ODNB_1-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ODNB-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> as illustrated in the "Miracle Windows" of the <a href="/wiki/Trinity_Chapel" title="Trinity Chapel">Trinity Chapel</a>. A guard chamber (now the Wax Chamber) had a clear view of the grave. In 1220, Becket's bones were moved to a new gold-plated, bejewelled shrine behind the high altar in the <a href="/wiki/Trinity_Chapel" title="Trinity Chapel">Trinity Chapel</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-angl_Beck_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-angl_Beck-25"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The golden casket was placed on a pink marble base with prayer niches raised on three steps.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Canterbury's religious history had always brought many pilgrims, and after Becket's death the numbers rapidly rose further.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>&#93;</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cult_in_the_Middle_Ages">Cult in the Middle Ages</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Becket&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7" title="Edit section: Cult in the Middle Ages"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Thomas_Becket" title="Special:EditPage/Thomas Becket">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>&#32;in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&amp;q=%22Thomas+Becket%22">"Thomas Becket"</a>&#160;–&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&amp;q=%22Thomas+Becket%22+-wikipedia&amp;tbs=ar:1">news</a>&#160;<b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&amp;q=%22Thomas+Becket%22&amp;tbs=bkt:s&amp;tbm=bks">newspapers</a>&#160;<b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&amp;q=%22Thomas+Becket%22+-wikipedia">books</a>&#160;<b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Thomas+Becket%22">scholar</a>&#160;<b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Thomas+Becket%22&amp;acc=on&amp;wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">December 2017</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:158_Santa_Maria_de_Terrassa,_cicle_de_Tom%C3%A0s_Becket.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/158_Santa_Maria_de_Terrassa%2C_cicle_de_Tom%C3%A0s_Becket.jpg/200px-158_Santa_Maria_de_Terrassa%2C_cicle_de_Tom%C3%A0s_Becket.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="267" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/158_Santa_Maria_de_Terrassa%2C_cicle_de_Tom%C3%A0s_Becket.jpg/300px-158_Santa_Maria_de_Terrassa%2C_cicle_de_Tom%C3%A0s_Becket.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/158_Santa_Maria_de_Terrassa%2C_cicle_de_Tom%C3%A0s_Becket.jpg/400px-158_Santa_Maria_de_Terrassa%2C_cicle_de_Tom%C3%A0s_Becket.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption>St Thomas Becket's consecration, death and burial, at wall paintings in Santa Maria de Terrassa (<a href="/wiki/Terrassa" title="Terrassa">Terrassa</a>, Catalonia, Spain), romanesque frescoes, c. 1180<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Former_site_of_Thomas_Becket%27s_shrine_in_Canterbury_Cathedral.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Former_site_of_Thomas_Becket%27s_shrine_in_Canterbury_Cathedral.jpg/220px-Former_site_of_Thomas_Becket%27s_shrine_in_Canterbury_Cathedral.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="217" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Former_site_of_Thomas_Becket%27s_shrine_in_Canterbury_Cathedral.jpg/330px-Former_site_of_Thomas_Becket%27s_shrine_in_Canterbury_Cathedral.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Former_site_of_Thomas_Becket%27s_shrine_in_Canterbury_Cathedral.jpg/440px-Former_site_of_Thomas_Becket%27s_shrine_in_Canterbury_Cathedral.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2980" data-file-height="2937" /></a><figcaption>Former site of Thomas Becket's shrine in Canterbury Cathedral</figcaption></figure> <p>In Scotland, King <a href="/wiki/William_the_Lion" title="William the Lion">William the Lion</a> ordered the building of <a href="/wiki/Arbroath_Abbey" title="Arbroath Abbey">Arbroath Abbey</a> in 1178. On completion in 1197 the new foundation was dedicated to Becket, whom the king had known personally while at the English court as a young man. </p><p>On 7 July 1220, the 50th <a href="/wiki/Golden_jubilee" title="Golden jubilee">jubilee</a> year of his death, Becket's remains were moved from his first tomb to a <a href="/wiki/Shrine" title="Shrine">shrine</a> in the recently built Trinity Chapel.<sup id="cite_ref-ODNB_1-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ODNB-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> This <a href="/wiki/Translation_(relic)" title="Translation (relic)">translation</a> was "one of the great symbolic events in the life of the medieval English Church", attended by King <a href="/wiki/Henry_III_of_England" title="Henry III of England">Henry III</a>, the papal legate, the Archbishop of Canterbury <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Langton" title="Stephen Langton">Stephen Langton</a> and many dignitaries and magnates secular and ecclesiastical. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Martirio_di_Thomas_Becket_-_chiesa_di_San_Lanfranco.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Martirio_di_Thomas_Becket_-_chiesa_di_San_Lanfranco.jpg/200px-Martirio_di_Thomas_Becket_-_chiesa_di_San_Lanfranco.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="131" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Martirio_di_Thomas_Becket_-_chiesa_di_San_Lanfranco.jpg/300px-Martirio_di_Thomas_Becket_-_chiesa_di_San_Lanfranco.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Martirio_di_Thomas_Becket_-_chiesa_di_San_Lanfranco.jpg/400px-Martirio_di_Thomas_Becket_-_chiesa_di_San_Lanfranco.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1116" data-file-height="732" /></a><figcaption>Fresco depicting the murder of Thomas Becket; on the left is the figure of Saint Lanfranco in act of blessing. <a href="/wiki/San_Lanfranco,_Pavia" title="San Lanfranco, Pavia">Church of San Lanfranco, Pavia</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>So a "major new feast day was instituted, commemorating the translation... celebrated each July almost everywhere in England and in many French churches."<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> It was suppressed in 1536 with the Reformation.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>The shrine was destroyed in 1538 during the <a href="/wiki/Dissolution_of_the_Monasteries" class="mw-redirect" title="Dissolution of the Monasteries">Dissolution of the Monasteries</a> on orders from King <a href="/wiki/Henry_VIII_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Henry VIII of England">Henry VIII</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ODNB_1-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ODNB-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-cch_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cch-30"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> He also destroyed Becket's bones and ordered all mention of his name obliterated.<sup id="cite_ref-cch_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cch-30"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>As the scion of a mercantile dynasty of later centuries, <a href="/wiki/Mercers" class="mw-redirect" title="Mercers">Mercers</a>, Becket was much regarded as a Londoner by citizens and adopted as London's co-patron saint with <a href="/wiki/St_Paul" class="mw-redirect" title="St Paul">St Paul</a>: both appear on the seals of the city and of the Lord Mayor. The <a href="/wiki/Bridge_House_Estates" class="mw-redirect" title="Bridge House Estates">Bridge House Estates</a> seal has only a Becket image, while his martyrdom is shown on the reverse. </p><p>The cult included the <a href="/wiki/Blood_as_food" title="Blood as food">drinking of "water of Saint Thomas"</a>, a mix of water and the remains of the martyr's blood miraculously multiplied. The procedure was frowned upon by the more orthodox, due to the similarities with the <a href="/wiki/Eucharist" title="Eucharist">eucharist</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Blood_of_Jesus" class="mw-redirect" title="Blood of Jesus">blood of Jesus</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Harvey_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Harvey-32"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Local legends regarding Becket arose after his canonisation. Though they tend towards typical <a href="/wiki/Hagiography" title="Hagiography">hagiography</a>, they also display Becket's well-known gruffness. "Becket's Well", in <a href="/wiki/Otford" title="Otford">Otford</a>, Kent, is said to have been created after Becket had been displeased by the taste of the local water. Two springs of clear water are said to have bubbled up after he struck the ground with his <a href="/wiki/Crozier" title="Crozier">crozier</a>. The absence of nightingales in Otford is also ascribed to Becket, who is said to have been so disturbed in his devotions by the song of a nightingale that he commanded that none sing in the town ever again. In the town of <a href="/wiki/Strood" title="Strood">Strood</a>, Kent, Becket is said to have caused the inhabitants and their descendants to be born with tails. The men of Strood had sided with the king in his struggles against the archbishop, and to demonstrate their support had cut off the tail of Becket's horse as he passed through the town. </p><p>The saint's fame quickly spread through the <a href="/wiki/Normans" title="Normans">Norman</a> world. The first holy image of Becket is thought to be a mosaic icon still visible in <a href="/wiki/Monreale_Cathedral" title="Monreale Cathedral">Monreale Cathedral</a> in <a href="/wiki/Sicily" title="Sicily">Sicily</a>, created shortly after his death. Becket's cousins obtained refuge at the Sicilian court during their exile, and King <a href="/wiki/William_II_of_Sicily" title="William II of Sicily">William II of Sicily</a> wed a daughter of Henry II. <a href="/wiki/Marsala_Cathedral" title="Marsala Cathedral">Marsala Cathedral</a> in western Sicily is dedicated to Becket. Over 45 medieval <a href="/wiki/Chasse_(casket)" title="Chasse (casket)">chasse</a> <a href="/wiki/Reliquaries" class="mw-redirect" title="Reliquaries">reliquaries</a> decorated in <a href="/wiki/Champlev%C3%A9_enamel" class="mw-redirect" title="Champlevé enamel">champlevé enamel</a> showing similar scenes from Becket's life survive, including the <a href="/wiki/Becket_Casket" title="Becket Casket">Becket Casket</a>, constructed to hold relics of him at <a href="/wiki/Peterborough_Cathedral" title="Peterborough Cathedral">Peterborough Abbey</a> and now housed in London's <a href="/wiki/Victoria_and_Albert_Museum" title="Victoria and Albert Museum">Victoria and Albert Museum</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Becket&amp;action=edit&amp;section=8" title="Edit section: Legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>In 1170 King <a href="/wiki/Alfonso_VIII" class="mw-redirect" title="Alfonso VIII">Alfonso VIII</a> of Castille married <a href="/wiki/Eleanor_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Eleanor of England">Eleanor Plantagenet</a>, second daughter of Henry II and Eleanor Queen of England and Duchess of Aquitaine. She honoured Becket with a wall painting of his martyrdom that survives in the church of <a href="/wiki/San_Nicol%C3%A1s_de_Soria" title="San Nicolás de Soria">San Nicolás de Soria</a> in Spain.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li>Becket's assassination made an impact in Spain: within five years of his death <a href="/wiki/Salamanca" title="Salamanca">Salamanca</a> had a church named after him, Iglesia de Santo Tomás Cantuariense.</li> <li>Monumental frescoes with the martyrdom of Thomas Becket were depicted in the romanesque church of Santa Maria in <a href="/wiki/Terrassa" title="Terrassa">Terrassa</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Chaucer" title="Geoffrey Chaucer">Geoffrey Chaucer</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/The_Canterbury_Tales" title="The Canterbury Tales">The Canterbury Tales</a></i> features a company of <a href="/wiki/Christian_pilgrimage" title="Christian pilgrimage">pilgrims</a> travelling from <a href="/wiki/Southwark" title="Southwark">Southwark</a> to Becket's shrine in Canterbury Cathedral.</li> <li>The story of Becket's life became a popular theme for medieval <a href="/wiki/Nottingham_Alabaster" class="mw-redirect" title="Nottingham Alabaster">Nottingham Alabaster</a> carvers. One set of Becket panels is shown in the <a href="/wiki/Victoria_and_Albert_Museum" title="Victoria and Albert Museum">Victoria and Albert Museum</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li>The arms of the City of <a href="/wiki/Canterbury" title="Canterbury">Canterbury</a>, officially registered in 1619 but dating back to at least 1380, is based on the <a href="/wiki/Attributed_arms" title="Attributed arms">attributed arms</a> of Thomas Becket: <i>Argent, three Cornish choughs proper</i>, with the addition of a chief <i><a href="/wiki/Gules" title="Gules">gules</a></i> charged with <i>a lion passant guardant <a href="/wiki/Or_(heraldry)" title="Or (heraldry)">or</a></i> from the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Arms_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Arms of England">Royal Arms of England</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li>In 1884, England's poet laureate <a href="/wiki/Alfred,_Lord_Tennyson" title="Alfred, Lord Tennyson">Alfred, Lord Tennyson</a> wrote <i><a href="/wiki/Becket_(Tennyson_play)" title="Becket (Tennyson play)">Becket</a></i>, a play about Thomas Becket and Henry II that <a href="/wiki/Henry_Irving" title="Henry Irving">Henry Irving</a> produced after Tennyson's death and played in the title role.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li>Modern works based on the Becket story include: <a href="/wiki/T._S._Eliot" title="T. S. Eliot">T. S. Eliot</a>'s play <i><a href="/wiki/Murder_in_the_Cathedral" title="Murder in the Cathedral">Murder in the Cathedral</a></i>, adapted as the opera <span title="Italian-language text"><i lang="it"><a href="/wiki/Assassinio_nella_cattedrale" title="Assassinio nella cattedrale">Assassinio nella cattedrale</a></i></span> by <a href="/wiki/Ildebrando_Pizzetti" title="Ildebrando Pizzetti">Ildebrando Pizzetti</a>; <a href="/wiki/Jean_Anouilh" title="Jean Anouilh">Jean Anouilh</a>'s play <i><a href="/wiki/Becket" title="Becket">Becket</a></i>, where Becket is not a Norman but a Saxon, adapted for the screen in 1964, and starring <a href="/wiki/Peter_O%27Toole" title="Peter O&#39;Toole">Peter O'Toole</a> and <a href="/wiki/Richard_Burton" title="Richard Burton">Richard Burton</a>; and Paul Webb's play <i><a href="/wiki/Four_Nights_in_Knaresborough" title="Four Nights in Knaresborough">Four Nights in Knaresborough</a></i>, which Webb adapted for the screen, selling the rights to <a href="/wiki/The_Weinstein_Company" title="The Weinstein Company">Harvey and Bob Weinstein</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The power struggle between Church and King is a theme of <a href="/wiki/Ken_Follett" title="Ken Follett">Ken Follett</a>'s novel <i><a href="/wiki/The_Pillars_of_the_Earth" title="The Pillars of the Earth">The Pillars of the Earth</a></i>, where a late scene features the murder of Becket. An oratorio by David Reeves, <i>Becket (The Kiss of Peace)</i>, was premièred in 2000 at Canterbury Cathedral, where the event had occurred, as a part of the <a href="/wiki/Canterbury_Festival" title="Canterbury Festival">Canterbury Festival</a>, and a fundraiser for the <a href="/wiki/The_Prince%27s_Trust" class="mw-redirect" title="The Prince&#39;s Trust">Prince's Trust</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Becket_Fund_for_Religious_Liberty" class="mw-redirect" title="Becket Fund for Religious Liberty">Becket Fund for Religious Liberty</a>, a non-profit, non-partisan legal and educational institute fostering free expression for religious traditions took its inspiration from Thomas Becket.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li>In a 2006 poll by <i><a href="/wiki/BBC_History" title="BBC History">BBC History</a></i> magazine for "worst Briton" of the previous millennium, Becket came second behind <a href="/wiki/Jack_the_Ripper" title="Jack the Ripper">Jack the Ripper</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-bbcworst_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbcworst-43"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The poll was dismissed as "daft" in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i>, and the result disputed by Anglicans and Catholics.<sup id="cite_ref-bbcworst_43-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbcworst-43"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Historians had nominated one person per century, and for the 12th century <a href="/wiki/John_Hudson_(historian)" title="John Hudson (historian)">John Hudson</a> chose Becket for being "greedy", "hypocritical", "founder of gesture politics" and "master of the <a href="/wiki/Soundbite" class="mw-redirect" title="Soundbite">soundbite</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-bbcworst_43-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbcworst-43"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The magazine editor suggested most other nominees were too obscure for voters, as well as saying, "In an era when thumbscrews, racks and burning alive could be passed off as robust law and order—being guilty of 'gesture politics' might seem something of a minor charge."<sup id="cite_ref-bbcworst_43-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbcworst-43"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li>The many UK churches dedicated to Thomas Becket include <a href="/wiki/Portsmouth_Cathedral" title="Portsmouth Cathedral">Cathedral Church of St Thomas of Canterbury, Portsmouth</a>, <a href="/wiki/St_Thomas_of_Canterbury_Church,_Canterbury" title="St Thomas of Canterbury Church, Canterbury">St Thomas of Canterbury Church, Canterbury</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Church_of_St_Thomas_the_Martyr,_Monmouth" title="Church of St Thomas the Martyr, Monmouth">Church of St Thomas the Martyr, Monmouth</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/St_Thomas_%C3%A0_Becket_Church,_Pensford" title="St Thomas à Becket Church, Pensford">St Thomas à Becket Church, Pensford</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/St_Thomas_%C3%A0_Becket_Church,_Widcombe" title="St Thomas à Becket Church, Widcombe">St Thomas à Becket Church, Widcombe</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Church_of_St_Thomas_%C3%A0_Becket,_Capel" title="Church of St Thomas à Becket, Capel">Church of St Thomas à Becket, Capel</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-cct_stb_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cct_stb-50"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/St_Thomas_the_Martyr,_Bristol" title="St Thomas the Martyr, Bristol">St Thomas the Martyr</a>, Bristol,<sup id="cite_ref-cct_stm_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cct_stm-51"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/St_Thomas_the_Martyr%27s_Church,_Oxford" title="St Thomas the Martyr&#39;s Church, Oxford">St Thomas the Martyr's Church, Oxford</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-near_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-near-52"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Those in France include Église Saint-Thomas de Cantorbéry at <a href="/wiki/Mont-Saint-Aignan" title="Mont-Saint-Aignan">Mont-Saint-Aignan</a>, Upper-Normandy,<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Église Saint-Thomas-Becket at <a href="/wiki/Gravelines" title="Gravelines">Gravelines</a> (Nord-Pas-de-Calais), Église Saint-Thomas Becket at <a href="/wiki/Avrieux" title="Avrieux">Avrieux</a> (Rhône-Alpes), and Église Saint-Thomas Becket at <a href="/wiki/B%C3%A9nodet" title="Bénodet">Bénodet</a> (Brittany),<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li>Among his obligations in contrition to Henry, William de Tracy much enlarged and re-dedicated to St Thomas of Canterbury the parish church in <a href="/wiki/Lapford" title="Lapford">Lapford</a>, Devon, in his manor of <a href="/wiki/Bradninch" title="Bradninch">Bradninch</a>. The martyrdom day is still marked by a Lapford Revel.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2018)">citation needed</span></a></i>&#93;</sup></li> <li>British schools named after Thomas Becket include <a href="/wiki/Becket_Keys_Church_of_England_School" title="Becket Keys Church of England School">Becket Keys Church of England School</a> and <a href="/wiki/St_Thomas_of_Canterbury_Church_of_England_Aided_Primary_School" title="St Thomas of Canterbury Church of England Aided Primary School">St Thomas of Canterbury Church of England Aided Primary School</a>.</li> <li>British hospitals named after Thomas Becket include <a href="/wiki/St_Thomas%27_Hospital" title="St Thomas&#39; Hospital">St Thomas' Hospital</a>.</li> <li>Part of the Hungarian city of <a href="/wiki/Esztergom" title="Esztergom">Esztergom</a> is named <a href="/wiki/Szenttam%C3%A1s_(Esztergom)" title="Szenttamás (Esztergom)">Szenttamás</a> ("Saint Thomas"), on a hill called "Szent Tamás" dedicated to Thomas Becket – a classmate of <a href="/wiki/Lucas,_Archbishop_of_Esztergom" title="Lucas, Archbishop of Esztergom">Lucas, Archbishop of Esztergom</a> in Paris.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li>In the treasury of <a href="/wiki/Fermo_Cathedral" title="Fermo Cathedral">Fermo Cathedral</a> is <a href="/wiki/The_Fermo_chasuble_of_St._Thomas_Becket" class="mw-redirect" title="The Fermo chasuble of St. Thomas Becket">the Fermo chasuble of St. Thomas Becket</a>, on display at Museo Diocesano</li> <li>Thomas Becket is honoured in the <a href="/wiki/Calendar_of_saints_(Church_of_England)" title="Calendar of saints (Church of England)">Church of England</a> and in the <a href="/wiki/Calendar_of_saints_(Episcopal_Church)" class="mw-redirect" title="Calendar of saints (Episcopal Church)">Episcopal Church</a> on 29 December.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li></ul> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:SouthNewington_StPeterAdVincula_StThomasBeckettMartyrdom.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Wall painting of Thomas Becket&#39;s martyrdom painted in the 1330s in the parish church of St Peter ad Vincula, South Newington, Oxfordshire"><img alt="Wall painting of Thomas Becket&#39;s martyrdom painted in the 1330s in the parish church of St Peter ad Vincula, South Newington, Oxfordshire" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/SouthNewington_StPeterAdVincula_StThomasBeckettMartyrdom.JPG/200px-SouthNewington_StPeterAdVincula_StThomasBeckettMartyrdom.JPG" decoding="async" width="200" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/SouthNewington_StPeterAdVincula_StThomasBeckettMartyrdom.JPG/300px-SouthNewington_StPeterAdVincula_StThomasBeckettMartyrdom.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/SouthNewington_StPeterAdVincula_StThomasBeckettMartyrdom.JPG/400px-SouthNewington_StPeterAdVincula_StThomasBeckettMartyrdom.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2385" data-file-height="1590" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Wall painting of Thomas Becket's martyrdom painted in the 1330s in the parish church of <a href="/wiki/St_Peter_ad_Vincula,_South_Newington#Wall_paintings" title="St Peter ad Vincula, South Newington">St Peter ad Vincula, South Newington</a>, Oxfordshire</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Explanatory_notes">Explanatory notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Becket&amp;action=edit&amp;section=9" title="Edit section: Explanatory notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The name "Thomas à Becket" is not contemporary but was first used by <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Nashe" title="Thomas Nashe">Thomas Nashe</a> in the 1590s.<sup id="cite_ref-Jenkins_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jenkins-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">There is a legend that claims Thomas's mother was a <a href="/wiki/Saracen" title="Saracen">Saracen</a> princess who met and fell in love with his English father while he was on Crusade or <a href="/wiki/Christian_pilgrimage" title="Christian pilgrimage">pilgrimage</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Land" title="Holy Land">Holy Land</a>, followed him home, was baptised and married him. This story has no truth to it, being a fabrication from three centuries after the saint's martyrdom, inserted as a forgery into <a href="/wiki/Edward_Grim" title="Edward Grim">Edward Grim</a>'s 12th-century <i>Life of St Thomas</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Matilda is occasionally known as Rohise.<sup id="cite_ref-ODNB_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ODNB-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Becket&amp;action=edit&amp;section=10" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Footnotes">Footnotes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Becket&amp;action=edit&amp;section=11" title="Edit section: Footnotes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-ODNB-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ODNB_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ODNB_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ODNB_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ODNB_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ODNB_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ODNB_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ODNB_1-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ODNB_1-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ODNB_1-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ODNB_1-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ODNB_1-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ODNB_1-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ODNB_1-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ODNB_1-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ODNB_1-14"><sup><i><b>o</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ODNB_1-15"><sup><i><b>p</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ODNB_1-16"><sup><i><b>q</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ODNB_1-17"><sup><i><b>r</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ODNB_1-18"><sup><i><b>s</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ODNB_1-19"><sup><i><b>t</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ODNB_1-20"><sup><i><b>u</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ODNB_1-21"><sup><i><b>v</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Barlow "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/27201">Becket, Thomas (1120?–1170)</a>" <i>Oxford Dictionary of National Biography</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Jenkins-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Jenkins_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jenkins 'Who put the 'a' in Thomas a Becket'.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Barlow3-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Barlow3_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Barlow <i>Thomas Becket</i> pp. 3–9.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Butler and Walsh <i>Butler's Lives of the Saints</i> p. 430</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Staunton <i>Lives of Thomas Becket</i> p. 29.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hutton <i>Thomas Becket&#160;– Archbishop of Canterbury</i> p. 4.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Barlow <i>Thomas Becket</i> p. 11.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Handbook84-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Handbook84_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Fryde, et al. <i>Handbook of British Chronology</i> p. 84.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Huscroft192-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Huscroft192_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Huscroft <i>Ruling England</i> pp. 192–195.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"V&amp;A plaque", with latest count; Binski, 225, with a catalogue entry on one in the <a href="/wiki/Burrell_Collection" title="Burrell Collection">Burrell Collection</a> in Glasgow.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFWarren1973" class="citation book cs1">Warren, W.L. (1973). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=1awwDwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA507"><i>Henry II</i></a>. Berkeley and Los Angeles, California: University of California Press. p.&#160;507. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780520034945" title="Special:BookSources/9780520034945"><bdi>9780520034945</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Henry+II&amp;rft.place=Berkeley+and+Los+Angeles%2C+California&amp;rft.pages=507&amp;rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&amp;rft.date=1973&amp;rft.isbn=9780520034945&amp;rft.aulast=Warren&amp;rft.aufirst=W.L.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D1awwDwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA507&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+Becket" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Huscroft194-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Huscroft194_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Huscroft194_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Huscroft <i>Ruling England</i> p. 194.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Warren508-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Warren508_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Warren <i>Henry II</i> p. 508.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcGovern2021" class="citation journal cs1">McGovern, Jonathan (2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093/notesj/gjab094">"The Origin of the Phrase 'Will no one rid me of this turbulent priest?'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>Notes and Queries</i>. <b>68</b> (3): 370. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fnotesj%2Fgjab094">10.1093/notesj/gjab094</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Notes+and+Queries&amp;rft.atitle=The+Origin+of+the+Phrase+%27Will+no+one+rid+me+of+this+turbulent+priest%3F%27&amp;rft.volume=68&amp;rft.issue=3&amp;rft.pages=370&amp;rft.date=2021&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fnotesj%2Fgjab094&amp;rft.aulast=McGovern&amp;rft.aufirst=Jonathan&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1093%2Fnotesj%2Fgjab094&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+Becket" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Schama1-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Schama1_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Schama <i>History of Britain</i> p. 142.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-APS-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-APS_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Stanley <i>Historical Memorials of Canterbury</i> pp. 53–55.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilkes2019" class="citation book cs1">Wilkes, Aaron (2019). "Crown vs Church: Murder in the Cathedral". <i>Invasion, Plague and Murder: Britain 1066–1558</i>. <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. p.&#160;114. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-849464-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-849464-5"><bdi>978-0-19-849464-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.atitle=Crown+vs+Church%3A+Murder+in+the+Cathedral&amp;rft.btitle=Invasion%2C+Plague+and+Murder%3A+Britain+1066%E2%80%931558&amp;rft.pages=114&amp;rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&amp;rft.date=2019&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-19-849464-5&amp;rft.aulast=Wilkes&amp;rft.aufirst=Aaron&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+Becket" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lee2012-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Lee2012_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lee <i>This Sceptred Isle</i> p. 97.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFForester2001" class="citation book cs1">Forester, Thomas (2001). <i>Giraldus Cambrensis – The Conquest of Ireland</i>. Cambridge, Ontario: In Parentheses Publications.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Giraldus+Cambrensis+%E2%80%93+The+Conquest+of+Ireland&amp;rft.place=Cambridge%2C+Ontario&amp;rft.pub=In+Parentheses+Publications&amp;rft.date=2001&amp;rft.aulast=Forester&amp;rft.aufirst=Thomas&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+Becket" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Grim, Benedict of Peterborough and William fitzStephen are quoted in Douglas, et al. <i>English Historical Documents 1042–1182</i> Vol. 2, p. 821.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilliam_Page_&amp;_J._Horace_Round1907" class="citation book cs1">William Page &amp; J. Horace Round, ed. (1907). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=39832"><i><span></span>'Houses of Benedictine nuns: Abbey of Barking', A History of the County of Essex: Volume 2</i></a>. pp.&#160;115–122.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=%27Houses+of+Benedictine+nuns%3A+Abbey+of+Barking%27%2C+A+History+of+the+County+of+Essex%3A+Volume+2&amp;rft.pages=115-122&amp;rft.date=1907&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.british-history.ac.uk%2Freport.aspx%3Fcompid%3D39832&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+Becket" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Barlow_pp._257-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Barlow_pp._257_24-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Barlow_pp._257_24-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Barlow <i>Thomas Becket</i> pp. 257–258.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-angl_Beck-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-angl_Beck_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDrake2016" class="citation web cs1">Drake, Gavin (23 May 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.anglicannews.org/news/2016/05/beckets-bones-return-to-canterbury-cathedral.aspx">"Becket's bones return to Canterbury Cathedral"</a>. <i>anglicannews.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 May</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=anglicannews.org&amp;rft.atitle=Becket%27s+bones+return+to+Canterbury+Cathedral&amp;rft.date=2016-05-23&amp;rft.aulast=Drake&amp;rft.aufirst=Gavin&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.anglicannews.org%2Fnews%2F2016%2F05%2Fbeckets-bones-return-to-canterbury-cathedral.aspx&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+Becket" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jenkins 'Modelling the Cult of Thomas Becket', pp. 104-114.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSánchez2021" class="citation book cs1">Sánchez, Carles (2021). <i>A painted tragedy The martyrdom of Thomas Becket in Santa Maria de Terrassa and the diffusion of its cult in the Iberian Peninsula</i>. Anem Editors. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-84-122385-7-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-84-122385-7-0"><bdi>978-84-122385-7-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=A+painted+tragedy+The+martyrdom+of+Thomas+Becket+in+Santa+Maria+de+Terrassa+and+the+diffusion+of+its+cult+in+the+Iberian+Peninsula.&amp;rft.pub=Anem+Editors&amp;rft.date=2021&amp;rft.isbn=978-84-122385-7-0&amp;rft.aulast=S%C3%A1nchez&amp;rft.aufirst=Carles&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+Becket" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReames2005" class="citation journal cs1">Reames, Sherry L. (January 2005). 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 December</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Victoria+%26+Albert+Museum&amp;rft.atitle=St+Thomas+Becket+landing+at+Sandwich+%28Relief%29&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcollections.vam.ac.uk%2Fitem%2FO70796&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+Becket" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O70791">"St Thomas Becket meeting the Pope (Panel)"</a>. <i>Victoria &amp; Albert Museum</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 December</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Victoria+%26+Albert+Museum&amp;rft.atitle=St+Thomas+Becket+meeting+the+Pope+%28Panel%29&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcollections.vam.ac.uk%2Fitem%2FO70791&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+Becket" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O69836">"Consecration of St Thomas Becket as archbishop (Panel)"</a>. <i>Victoria &amp; Albert Museum</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 December</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Victoria+%26+Albert+Museum&amp;rft.atitle=Consecration+of+St+Thomas+Becket+as+archbishop+%28Panel%29&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcollections.vam.ac.uk%2Fitem%2FO69836&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+Becket" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ngw.nl/heraldrywiki/index.php/Canterbury_(England)">"Canterbury (England)&#160;– Coat of arms"</a>. Heraldry of the World<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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English Heritage. p.&#160;243. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://www.english-heritage.org.uk/publications/heritage-at-risk-register-south-west-region/harsouthwestacc.pdf/">Archived</a> from the original on 9 October 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Heritage+at+Risk&amp;rft.atitle=South+West+England&amp;rft.pages=243&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.english-heritage.org.uk%2Fpublications%2Fheritage-at-risk-register-south-west-region%2Fharsouthwestacc.pdf%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+Becket" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHistoric_England1394116" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Historic_England" title="Historic England">Historic England</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://HistoricEngland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list-entry/1394116?section=official-list-entry">"Church of St Thomas a Becket (1394116)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/National_Heritage_List_for_England" title="National Heritage List for England">National Heritage List for England</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 December</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=National+Heritage+List+for+England&amp;rft.atitle=Church+of+St+Thomas+a+Becket+%281394116%29&amp;rft.au=Historic+England&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2FHistoricEngland.org.uk%2Flisting%2Fthe-list%2Flist-entry%2F1394116%3Fsection%3Dofficial-list-entry&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+Becket" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cct_stb-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-cct_stb_50-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.visitchurches.org.uk/Ourchurches/Completelistofchurches/Church-of-St-ThomasBecket-Capel-Kent/">"Church of St Thomas a Becket, Capel, Kent"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Churches_Conservation_Trust" title="Churches Conservation Trust">Churches Conservation Trust</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 December</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Church+of+St+Thomas+a+Becket%2C+Capel%2C+Kent&amp;rft.pub=Churches+Conservation+Trust&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.visitchurches.org.uk%2FOurchurches%2FCompletelistofchurches%2FChurch-of-St-ThomasBecket-Capel-Kent%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+Becket" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cct_stm-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-cct_stm_51-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.visitchurches.org.uk/Ourchurches/Completelistofchurches/Church-of-St-Thomas-the-Martyr-Bristol-Bristol/">"Church of St Thomas the Martyr, Bristol"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Churches_Conservation_Trust" title="Churches Conservation Trust">Churches Conservation Trust</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.acny.org.uk/venue.php?V=214">the original</a> on 27 September 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 December</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=A+Church+Near+You&amp;rft.atitle=St+Thomas+the+Martyr%2C+Oxford&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.acny.org.uk%2Fvenue.php%3FV%3D214&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+Becket" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mondes-normands.caen.fr/france/patrimoine_architectural/normandie/roumois/montstaignan/0308montstaignan/index.htm">"Saint-Thomas de Cantorbéry"</a>. Mondes-normands.caen.fr<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 June</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Saint-Thomas+de+Cantorb%C3%A9ry&amp;rft.pub=Mondes-normands.caen.fr&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mondes-normands.caen.fr%2Ffrance%2Fpatrimoine_architectural%2Fnormandie%2Froumois%2Fmontstaignan%2F0308montstaignan%2Findex.htm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+Becket" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.linternaute.com/sortir/magazine/photo/benodet-un-port-de-charme-en-pays-bigouden/vestiges-du-xiiieme-siecle.shtml">"Saint-Thomas Becket (Bénodet)"</a>. Linternaute.com. 18 March 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 June</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Saint-Thomas+Becket+%28B%C3%A9nodet%29&amp;rft.pub=Linternaute.com&amp;rft.date=2008-03-18&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.linternaute.com%2Fsortir%2Fmagazine%2Fphoto%2Fbenodet-un-port-de-charme-en-pays-bigouden%2Fvestiges-du-xiiieme-siecle.shtml&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+Becket" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGyörffy1970" class="citation journal cs1">Györffy, György (1970). "Becket Tamás és Magyarország [Thomas Becket and Hungary]". <i>Filológiai Közlöny</i>. <b>16</b> (1–2): 153–158. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0015-1785">0015-1785</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Filol%C3%B3giai+K%C3%B6zl%C3%B6ny&amp;rft.atitle=Becket+Tam%C3%A1s+%C3%A9s+Magyarorsz%C3%A1g+%5BThomas+Becket+and+Hungary%5D&amp;rft.volume=16&amp;rft.issue=1%E2%80%932&amp;rft.pages=153-158&amp;rft.date=1970&amp;rft.issn=0015-1785&amp;rft.aulast=Gy%C3%B6rffy&amp;rft.aufirst=Gy%C3%B6rgy&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+Becket" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.churchofengland.org/prayer-and-worship/worship-texts-and-resources/common-worship/churchs-year/calendar">"The Calendar"</a>. <i>The Church of England</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 March</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Church+of+England&amp;rft.atitle=The+Calendar&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.churchofengland.org%2Fprayer-and-worship%2Fworship-texts-and-resources%2Fcommon-worship%2Fchurchs-year%2Fcalendar&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+Becket" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=bEq7DwAAQBAJ"><i>Lesser Feasts and Fasts 2018</i></a>. Church Publishing, Inc. 17 December 2019. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-64065-235-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-64065-235-4"><bdi>978-1-64065-235-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Lesser+Feasts+and+Fasts+2018&amp;rft.pub=Church+Publishing%2C+Inc.&amp;rft.date=2019-12-17&amp;rft.isbn=978-1-64065-235-4&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DbEq7DwAAQBAJ&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+Becket" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Becket&amp;action=edit&amp;section=12" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 60em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarlow,_Frank1986" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Frank_Barlow_(historian)" title="Frank Barlow (historian)">Barlow, Frank</a> (1986). <i>Thomas Becket</i>. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-520-07175-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-520-07175-9"><bdi>978-0-520-07175-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Thomas+Becket&amp;rft.place=Berkeley%2C+CA&amp;rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&amp;rft.date=1986&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-520-07175-9&amp;rft.au=Barlow%2C+Frank&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+Becket" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarlow,_Frank2004" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Barlow, Frank (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/27201">"Becket, Thomas (1120?–1170)"</a>. <i>Oxford Dictionary of National Biography</i>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F27201">10.1093/ref:odnb/27201</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 April</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.atitle=Becket%2C+Thomas+%281120%3F%E2%80%931170%29&amp;rft.btitle=Oxford+Dictionary+of+National+Biography&amp;rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&amp;rft.date=2004&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F27201&amp;rft.au=Barlow%2C+Frank&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oxforddnb.com%2Fview%2Farticle%2F27201&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+Becket" class="Z3988"></span> <span style="font-size:0.95em; font-size:95%; color: var( --color-subtle, #555 )">(subscription or <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oxforddnb.com/help/subscribe#public">UK public library membership</a> required)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFButler,_Alban1991" class="citation book cs1">Butler, Alban (1991). Walsh, Michael (ed.). <i>Butler's Lives of the Saints</i>. New York: HarperCollins Publishers.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Butler%27s+Lives+of+the+Saints&amp;rft.place=New+York&amp;rft.pub=HarperCollins+Publishers&amp;rft.date=1991&amp;rft.au=Butler%2C+Alban&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+Becket" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDouglasGreenway1953" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/David_C._Douglas" title="David C. Douglas">Douglas, David C.</a>; Greenway, George W. (1953). <i>English Historical Documents 1042–1189</i>. Vol.&#160;2 (Second, 1981&#160;ed.). London: Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-14367-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-14367-7"><bdi>978-0-415-14367-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=English+Historical+Documents+1042%E2%80%931189&amp;rft.place=London&amp;rft.edition=Second%2C+1981&amp;rft.pub=Routledge&amp;rft.date=1953&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-415-14367-7&amp;rft.aulast=Douglas&amp;rft.aufirst=David+C.&amp;rft.au=Greenway%2C+George+W.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+Becket" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFryde,_E._B.Greenway,_D._E.Porter,_S.Roy,_I.1996" class="citation book cs1">Fryde, E. B.; Greenway, D. E.; Porter, S.; Roy, I. (1996). <i>Handbook of British Chronology</i> (Third revised&#160;ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-56350-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-56350-5"><bdi>978-0-521-56350-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Handbook+of+British+Chronology&amp;rft.place=Cambridge&amp;rft.edition=Third+revised&amp;rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&amp;rft.date=1996&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-521-56350-5&amp;rft.au=Fryde%2C+E.+B.&amp;rft.au=Greenway%2C+D.+E.&amp;rft.au=Porter%2C+S.&amp;rft.au=Roy%2C+I.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+Becket" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHutton1910" class="citation book cs1">Hutton, William Holden (1910). <i>Thomas Becket&#160;– Archbishop of Canterbury</i>. London: Pitman and Sons Ltd. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4097-8808-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4097-8808-9"><bdi>978-1-4097-8808-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Thomas+Becket+%E2%80%93+Archbishop+of+Canterbury&amp;rft.place=London&amp;rft.pub=Pitman+and+Sons+Ltd&amp;rft.date=1910&amp;rft.isbn=978-1-4097-8808-9&amp;rft.aulast=Hutton&amp;rft.aufirst=William+Holden&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+Becket" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJenkins2020" class="citation journal cs1">Jenkins, John (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080/00681288.2020.1771897">"Modelling the Cult of Thomas Becket in Canterbury Cathedral"</a>. <i>Journal of the British Archaeological Association</i>. <b>173</b> (1): 100–123. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F00681288.2020.1771897">10.1080/00681288.2020.1771897</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 May</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+British+Archaeological+Association&amp;rft.atitle=Modelling+the+Cult+of+Thomas+Becket+in+Canterbury+Cathedral&amp;rft.volume=173&amp;rft.issue=1&amp;rft.pages=100-123&amp;rft.date=2020&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F00681288.2020.1771897&amp;rft.aulast=Jenkins&amp;rft.aufirst=John&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1080%2F00681288.2020.1771897&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+Becket" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJenkins2023" class="citation journal cs1">Jenkins, John (2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.16995%2Folh.9353">"Who put the 'a' in Thomas a Becket? The history of a name from the Angevins to the 18th Century"</a>. <i>OLH: Open Library of Humanities Journal</i>. <b>9</b> (1). <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.16995%2Folh.9353">10.16995/olh.9353</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=OLH%3A+Open+Library+of+Humanities+Journal&amp;rft.atitle=Who+put+the+%27a%27+in+Thomas+a+Becket%3F+The+history+of+a+name+from+the+Angevins+to+the+18th+Century&amp;rft.volume=9&amp;rft.issue=1&amp;rft.date=2023&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.16995%2Folh.9353&amp;rft.aulast=Jenkins&amp;rft.aufirst=John&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.16995%252Folh.9353&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+Becket" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKnowles1999" class="citation book cs1">Knowles, Elizabeth M. (1999). <i>Oxford Dictionary of Quotations</i> (Fifth&#160;ed.). New York: Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-860173-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-860173-9"><bdi>978-0-19-860173-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Oxford+Dictionary+of+Quotations&amp;rft.place=New+York&amp;rft.edition=Fifth&amp;rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&amp;rft.date=1999&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-19-860173-9&amp;rft.aulast=Knowles&amp;rft.aufirst=Elizabeth+M.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+Becket" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLee2012" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Lee_(historian)" title="Christopher Lee (historian)">Lee, Christopher</a> (2012). <i>This Sceptred Isle: The Making of the British</i>. <a href="/wiki/Constable_%26_Robinson" title="Constable &amp; Robinson">Constable &amp; Robinson</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84901-939-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84901-939-2"><bdi>978-1-84901-939-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=This+Sceptred+Isle%3A+The+Making+of+the+British&amp;rft.pub=Constable+%26+Robinson&amp;rft.date=2012&amp;rft.isbn=978-1-84901-939-2&amp;rft.aulast=Lee&amp;rft.aufirst=Christopher&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+Becket" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRobertson1876" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/James_Craigie_Robertson" title="James Craigie Robertson">Robertson, James Craigie</a> (1876). <i>Materials for the History of Thomas Becket, Archbishop of Canterbury</i>. Vol.&#160;ii. London: Longman.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Materials+for+the+History+of+Thomas+Becket%2C+Archbishop+of+Canterbury&amp;rft.place=London&amp;rft.pub=Longman&amp;rft.date=1876&amp;rft.aulast=Robertson&amp;rft.aufirst=James+Craigie&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+Becket" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchama2002" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Simon_Schama" title="Simon Schama">Schama, Simon</a> (2002). <i>A History of Britain: At the Edge of the World?&#160;: 3000 BC–AD 1603</i>. London: BBC Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-563-38497-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-563-38497-7"><bdi>978-0-563-38497-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=A+History+of+Britain%3A+At+the+Edge+of+the+World%3F+%3A+3000+BC%E2%80%93AD+1603&amp;rft.place=London&amp;rft.pub=BBC+Books&amp;rft.date=2002&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-563-38497-7&amp;rft.aulast=Schama&amp;rft.aufirst=Simon&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+Becket" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStanley1855" class="citation book cs1">Stanley, Arthur Penrhyn (1855). <i>Historical Memorials of Canterbury</i>. London: John Murray.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Historical+Memorials+of+Canterbury&amp;rft.place=London&amp;rft.pub=John+Murray&amp;rft.date=1855&amp;rft.aulast=Stanley&amp;rft.aufirst=Arthur+Penrhyn&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+Becket" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStaunton,_Michael2001" class="citation book cs1">Staunton, Michael (2001). <i>The Lives of Thomas Becket</i>. Manchester, UK: Manchester University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7190-5454-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7190-5454-9"><bdi>978-0-7190-5454-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+Lives+of+Thomas+Becket&amp;rft.place=Manchester%2C+UK&amp;rft.pub=Manchester+University+Press&amp;rft.date=2001&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-7190-5454-9&amp;rft.au=Staunton%2C+Michael&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+Becket" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStaunton2006" class="citation book cs1">Staunton, Michael (2006). <i>Thomas Becket and His Biographers</i>. Woodbridge, UK: The Boydell Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84383-271-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84383-271-3"><bdi>978-1-84383-271-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Thomas+Becket+and+His+Biographers&amp;rft.place=Woodbridge%2C+UK&amp;rft.pub=The+Boydell+Press&amp;rft.date=2006&amp;rft.isbn=978-1-84383-271-3&amp;rft.aulast=Staunton&amp;rft.aufirst=Michael&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+Becket" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWarren1973" class="citation book cs1">Warren, W. L. (1973). <i>Henry II</i>. Berkeley: University of California Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-520-03494-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-520-03494-5"><bdi>978-0-520-03494-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Henry+II&amp;rft.place=Berkeley&amp;rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&amp;rft.date=1973&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-520-03494-5&amp;rft.aulast=Warren&amp;rft.aufirst=W.+L.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+Becket" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Becket&amp;action=edit&amp;section=13" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Biographies">Biographies</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Becket&amp;action=edit&amp;section=14" title="Edit section: Biographies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anne_Duggan&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Anne Duggan (page does not exist)">Anne Duggan</a>, 2005, <i>Thomas Becket</i>, London: Hodder Arnold</li> <li>John Guy, 2012, <i>Thomas Becket: Warrior, Priest, Rebel</i>, Random House</li> <li>David Knowles 1970, <i>Thomas Becket</i>, London: Adam &amp; Charles Black</li> <li>Richard Winston, 1967, <i>Thomas Becket</i>, New York: Alfred A. Knopf</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Historiography">Historiography</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Becket&amp;action=edit&amp;section=15" title="Edit section: Historiography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>James W. Alexander, "The Becket controversy in recent historiography", <i>Journal of British studies</i> 9.2 (1970): 1–26. in JSTOR</li> <li>Anne Duggan, 1980, <i>Thomas Becket: A Textual History of his Letters</i>, Oxford: Clarendon Press</li> <li>Anne Duggan, ed., 2000, <i>The Correspondence of Thomas Becket, Archbishop of Canterbury (1162–1170).</i> 2 vols, Oxford: Clarendon Press</li> <li>Carles Sánchez Márquez, 2021, <i>A painted tragedy. The martyrdom of Thomas Becket in Santa Maria de Terrassa and the diffusion of its cult in the Iberian Peninsula</i>, La Seu d'Urgell: Anem Editors</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Becket&amp;action=edit&amp;section=16" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 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class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/38px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="38" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/57px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/76px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a> has original works by or about:<br /><b style="text-align: center;"><i><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Author:Thomas_Becket" class="extiw" title="s:Author:Thomas Becket">Thomas Becket</a></i></b></div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Thomas_Becket" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Thomas Becket">Thomas Becket</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/34px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="34" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/51px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/68px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikiquote has quotations related to <i><b><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Thomas_Becket" class="extiw" title="q:Special:Search/Thomas Becket">Thomas Becket</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/person.php?LinkID=mp64402">Portraits of Thomas Becket</a> at the <a href="/wiki/National_Portrait_Gallery,_London" title="National Portrait Gallery, London">National Portrait Gallery, London</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/grim-becket.html">Edward Grim's account of the murder of Thomas Becket</a> at <a href="/wiki/Internet_History_Sourcebooks_Project" title="Internet History Sourcebooks Project">Internet History Sourcebooks Project</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081013015823/http://paradoxplace.com/Photo%20Pages/UK/British%20History/Saint_Thomas/Beckets_Bits.htm">Beckets Bits</a>, photographs and locations of twenty of the surviving medieval Limoges enamel chasses for relics of Becket</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2017/12/29/day-1170-thomas-becket-murdered-canterbury-cathedral-becomes/">Daily Telegraph:On this day in 1170: Thomas Becket is murdered in Canterbury Cathedral, and becomes a martyr</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b09hp2rm">BBC In Our Time: Thomas Becket</a></li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ccccff;">Political offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded&#160;by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Robert_of_Ghent" title="Robert of Ghent">Robert of Ghent</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Lord_Chancellor" title="Lord Chancellor">Lord Chancellor</a> </b><br />1155–1162 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded&#160;by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Ridel_(bishop_of_Ely)" title="Geoffrey Ridel (bishop of Ely)">Geoffrey Ridel</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FABE60;"><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church titles</a> </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded&#160;by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Theobald_of_Bec" title="Theobald of Bec">Theobald of Bec</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Archbishop_of_Canterbury" title="Archbishop of Canterbury">Archbishop of Canterbury</a> </b><br />1162–1170 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded&#160;by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Roger_de_Bailleul" title="Roger de Bailleul">Roger 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(1139–1140)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_of_Ghent" title="Robert of Ghent">Robert of Ghent</a> (1140–1141)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_FitzGilbert" title="William FitzGilbert">William FitzGilbert</a> (1141–1142)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_of_Ghent" title="Robert of Ghent">Robert of Ghent</a> (1142–1154)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Henry_II_of_England" title="Henry II of England">Henry II</a><br />(1154–1189)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Thomas Becket</a> (1154–1162)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Ridel_(bishop_of_Ely)" title="Geoffrey Ridel (bishop of Ely)">Geoffrey Ridel</a> (1162–1173)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_de_Warneville" title="Ralph de Warneville">Ralph de Warneville</a> (1173–1181)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_(archbishop_of_York)" title="Geoffrey (archbishop of York)">Geoffrey</a> (1181–1189)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Richard_I_of_England" title="Richard I of England">Richard I</a><br />(1189–1199)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_de_Longchamp" title="William de Longchamp">William de Longchamp</a> (1189–1197)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eustace_(bishop_of_Ely)" title="Eustace (bishop of Ely)">Eustace</a> (1197–1199)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/John,_King_of_England" title="John, King of England">John</a><br />(1199–1216)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hubert_Walter" title="Hubert Walter">Hubert Walter</a> (1199–1205)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_de_Gray" title="Walter de Gray">Walter de Gray</a> (1205–1214)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Marsh_(bishop)" title="Richard Marsh (bishop)">Richard Marsh</a> (1214–1216)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Archbishops_of_Canterbury" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: #FFFFFF; border-bottom: #7F1734 5px solid; border-top: #7F1734 5px solid;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Archbishops_of_Canterbury" title="Template:Archbishops of Canterbury"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Archbishops_of_Canterbury" title="Template talk:Archbishops of Canterbury"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Archbishops_of_Canterbury" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Archbishops of Canterbury"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Archbishops_of_Canterbury" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Archbishop_of_Canterbury" title="Archbishop of Canterbury">Archbishops of Canterbury</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/List_of_archbishops_of_Canterbury" title="List of archbishops of Canterbury">List of archbishops of Canterbury</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pre-<a href="/wiki/Norman_Conquest" title="Norman Conquest">Conquest</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Augustine_of_Canterbury" title="Augustine of Canterbury">Augustine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laurence_of_Canterbury" title="Laurence of Canterbury">Laurence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mellitus" title="Mellitus">Mellitus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justus" title="Justus">Justus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honorius_of_Canterbury" title="Honorius of Canterbury">Honorius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deusdedit_of_Canterbury" title="Deusdedit of Canterbury">Deusdedit</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Wighard" title="Wighard">Wighard</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodore_of_Tarsus" title="Theodore of Tarsus">Theodore of Tarsus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berhtwald" title="Berhtwald">Berhtwald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tatwine" title="Tatwine">Tatwine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nothhelm" title="Nothhelm">Nothhelm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuthbert_of_Canterbury" title="Cuthbert of Canterbury">Cuthbert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bregowine" title="Bregowine">Bregowine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%A6nberht" title="Jænberht">Jænberht</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%86thelhard" title="Æthelhard">Æthelhard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wulfred" title="Wulfred">Wulfred</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feologild" title="Feologild">Feologild</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceolnoth" title="Ceolnoth">Ceolnoth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%86thelred_(archbishop)" title="Æthelred (archbishop)">Æthelred</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plegmund" title="Plegmund">Plegmund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athelm" title="Athelm">Athelm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wulfhelm" title="Wulfhelm">Wulfhelm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oda_of_Canterbury" title="Oda of Canterbury">Oda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%86lfsige" title="Ælfsige">Ælfsige</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byrhthelm_(bishop_of_Wells)" title="Byrhthelm (bishop of Wells)">Byrhthelm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dunstan" title="Dunstan">Dunstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%86thelgar" title="Æthelgar">Æthelgar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sigeric_(bishop)" title="Sigeric (bishop)">Sigeric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%86lfric_of_Abingdon" title="Ælfric of Abingdon">Ælfric of Abingdon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%86lfheah_of_Canterbury" title="Ælfheah of Canterbury">Ælfheah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyfing_(Archbishop_of_Canterbury)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lyfing (Archbishop of Canterbury)">Lyfing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%86thelnoth_(archbishop_of_Canterbury)" title="Æthelnoth (archbishop of Canterbury)">Æthelnoth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eadsige" title="Eadsige">Eadsige</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_of_Jumi%C3%A8ges" title="Robert of Jumièges">Robert of Jumièges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stigand" title="Stigand">Stigand</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Conquest to <a href="/wiki/English_Reformation" title="English Reformation">Reformation</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lanfranc" title="Lanfranc">Lanfranc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anselm_of_Canterbury" title="Anselm of Canterbury">Anselm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_d%27Escures" title="Ralph d&#39;Escures">Ralph d'Escures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_de_Corbeil" title="William de Corbeil">William de Corbeil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theobald_of_Bec" title="Theobald of Bec">Theobald of Bec</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Thomas Becket</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Roger_de_Bailleul" title="Roger de Bailleul">Roger de Bailleul</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_of_Dover" title="Richard of Dover">Richard of Dover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baldwin_of_Forde" title="Baldwin of Forde">Baldwin of Forde</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Reginald_Fitz_Jocelin" title="Reginald Fitz Jocelin">Reginald Fitz Jocelin</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hubert_Walter" title="Hubert Walter">Hubert Walter</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Reginald_(sub-prior)" title="Reginald (sub-prior)">Reginald</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/John_de_Gray" title="John de Gray">John de Gray</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Langton" title="Stephen Langton">Stephen Langton</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Walter_d%27Eynsham" title="Walter d&#39;Eynsham">Walter d'Eynsham</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_le_Grant" title="Richard le Grant">Richard le Grant</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Neville" title="Ralph Neville">Ralph Neville</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/John_of_Sittingbourne" title="John of Sittingbourne">John of Sittingbourne</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/John_Blund" title="John Blund">John Blund</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edmund_of_Abingdon" title="Edmund of Abingdon">Edmund of Abingdon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boniface_of_Savoy_(bishop)" title="Boniface of Savoy (bishop)">Boniface</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/William_Chillenden" title="William Chillenden">William Chillenden</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Kilwardby" title="Robert Kilwardby">Robert Kilwardby</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Robert_Burnell" title="Robert Burnell">Robert Burnell</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Peckham" title="John Peckham">John Peckham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Winchelsey" title="Robert Winchelsey">Robert Winchelsey</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Cobham" title="Thomas Cobham">Thomas Cobham</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Reynolds" title="Walter Reynolds">Walter Reynolds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_Mepeham" title="Simon Mepeham">Simon Mepeham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_de_Stratford" title="John de Stratford">John de Stratford</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/John_de_Ufford" title="John de Ufford">John de Ufford</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Bradwardine" title="Thomas Bradwardine">Thomas Bradwardine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_Islip" title="Simon Islip">Simon Islip</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/William_Edington" title="William Edington">William Edington</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_Langham" title="Simon Langham">Simon Langham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Whittlesey" title="William Whittlesey">William Whittlesey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_Sudbury" title="Simon Sudbury">Simon Sudbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Courtenay" title="William Courtenay">William Courtenay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Arundel" title="Thomas Arundel">Thomas Arundel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Walden" title="Roger Walden">Roger Walden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Arundel" title="Thomas Arundel">Thomas Arundel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Chichele" title="Henry Chichele">Henry Chichele</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Stafford_(bishop)" title="John Stafford (bishop)">John Stafford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Kemp" title="John Kemp">John Kemp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Bourchier_(cardinal)" title="Thomas Bourchier (cardinal)">Thomas Bourchier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Morton_(cardinal)" title="John Morton (cardinal)">John Morton</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Langton" title="Thomas Langton">Thomas Langton</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Deane_(archbishop_of_Canterbury)" title="Henry Deane (archbishop of Canterbury)">Henry Deane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Warham" title="William Warham">William Warham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Cranmer" title="Thomas Cranmer">Thomas Cranmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reginald_Pole" title="Reginald Pole">Reginald Pole</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Post-Reformation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_Parker" title="Matthew Parker">Matthew Parker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edmund_Grindal" title="Edmund Grindal">Edmund Grindal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Whitgift" title="John Whitgift">John Whitgift</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Bancroft" title="Richard Bancroft">Richard Bancroft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Abbot_(bishop)" title="George Abbot (bishop)">George Abbot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Laud" title="William Laud">William Laud</a></li> <li><i>Episcopacy abolished (<a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_England" title="Commonwealth of England">Commonwealth</a>)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Juxon" title="William Juxon">William Juxon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilbert_Sheldon" title="Gilbert Sheldon">Gilbert Sheldon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Sancroft" title="William Sancroft">William Sancroft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Tillotson" title="John Tillotson">John Tillotson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Tenison" title="Thomas Tenison">Thomas Tenison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Wake" title="William Wake">William Wake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Potter_(bishop)" title="John Potter (bishop)">John Potter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Herring" title="Thomas Herring">Thomas Herring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_Hutton_(archbishop_of_Canterbury)" title="Matthew Hutton (archbishop of Canterbury)">Matthew Hutton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Secker" title="Thomas Secker">Thomas Secker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Cornwallis" title="Frederick Cornwallis">Frederick Cornwallis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Moore_(archbishop_of_Canterbury)" title="John Moore (archbishop of Canterbury)">John Moore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Manners-Sutton" title="Charles Manners-Sutton">Charles Manners-Sutton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Howley" title="William Howley">William Howley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Bird_Sumner" title="John Bird Sumner">John Bird Sumner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Longley" title="Charles Longley">Charles Longley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archibald_Campbell_Tait" title="Archibald Campbell Tait">Archibald Campbell Tait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_White_Benson" title="Edward White Benson">Edward White Benson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Temple" title="Frederick Temple">Frederick Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Randall_Davidson" title="Randall Davidson">Randall Davidson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cosmo_Gordon_Lang" title="Cosmo Gordon Lang">Cosmo Lang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Temple_(bishop)" title="William Temple (bishop)">William Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Fisher" title="Geoffrey Fisher">Geoffrey Fisher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Ramsey" title="Michael Ramsey">Michael Ramsey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Coggan" title="Donald Coggan">Donald Coggan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Runcie" title="Robert Runcie">Robert Runcie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Carey" title="George Carey">George Carey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rowan_Williams" title="Rowan Williams">Rowan Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justin_Welby" title="Justin Welby">Justin Welby</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><i>Italics</i> indicate a person who was elected but not confirmed.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Saints_of_the_Catholic_Church" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color: gold"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Catholic_saints" title="Template:Catholic saints"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Catholic_saints" title="Template talk:Catholic saints"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Catholic_saints" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Catholic saints"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Saints_of_the_Catholic_Church" class="wraplinks" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Catholic_saints" title="List of Catholic saints">Saints of the Catholic Church</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color: gold"><div><a href="/wiki/Dicastery_for_the_Causes_of_Saints" title="Dicastery for the Causes of Saints">Dicastery for the Causes of Saints</a><br />Stages of <a href="/wiki/Canonization" title="Canonization">canonization</a>: <a href="/wiki/Servant_of_God#Catholic_Church" title="Servant of God">Servant of God</a> &#160; → &#160; <a href="/wiki/The_Venerable#Christianity" title="The Venerable">Venerable</a> &#160; → &#160; <a href="/wiki/Beatification" title="Beatification">Blessed</a> &#160; → &#160; <a href="/wiki/Saint" title="Saint">Saint</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Veneration_of_Mary_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Veneration of Mary in the Catholic Church">Virgin Mary</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Theotokos" title="Theotokos">Mother of God (Theotokos)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immaculate_Conception" title="Immaculate Conception">Immaculate Conception</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perpetual_virginity_of_Mary" title="Perpetual virginity of Mary">Perpetual virginity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assumption_of_Mary" title="Assumption of Mary">Assumption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marian_apparition" title="Marian apparition">Marian apparition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titles_of_Mary" class="mw-redirect" title="Titles of Mary">Titles of Mary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Joseph" title="Saint Joseph">Joseph (husband)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Apostles_in_the_New_Testament" title="Apostles in the New Testament">Apostles</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_the_Apostle" title="Andrew the Apostle">Andrew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barnabas" title="Barnabas">Barnabas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bartholomew_the_Apostle" title="Bartholomew the Apostle">Bartholomew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James,_son_of_Alphaeus" title="James, son of Alphaeus">James of Alphaeus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_the_Great" title="James the Great">James the Great</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_the_Apostle" title="John the Apostle">John</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jude_the_Apostle" title="Jude the Apostle">Jude</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_the_Apostle" title="Matthew the Apostle">Matthew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthias_the_Apostle" title="Matthias the Apostle">Matthias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_the_Apostle" title="Paul the Apostle">Paul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Peter" title="Saint Peter">Peter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_the_Apostle" title="Philip the Apostle">Philip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_the_Zealot" title="Simon the Zealot">Simon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_the_Apostle" title="Thomas the Apostle">Thomas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Archangel" title="Archangel">Archangels</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gabriel" title="Gabriel">Gabriel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_(archangel)" title="Michael (archangel)">Michael</a> &#8202;<a href="/wiki/Saint_Michael_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Saint Michael in the Catholic Church">in the Catholic Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raphael_(archangel)" title="Raphael (archangel)">Raphael</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Confessor_of_the_Faith" title="Confessor of the Faith">Confessors</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anatolius_of_Laodicea" title="Anatolius of Laodicea">Anatolius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_of_Kiev" title="Anthony of Kiev">Anthony of Kiev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athanasius_of_Alexandria" title="Athanasius of Alexandria">Athanasius the Confessor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chariton_the_Confessor" title="Chariton the Confessor">Chariton the Confessor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Dominic" title="Saint Dominic">Dominic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_the_Confessor" title="Edward the Confessor">Edward the Confessor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_of_Assisi" title="Francis of Assisi">Francis of Assisi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Borgia" title="Francis Borgia">Francis Borgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Homobonus" title="Saint Homobonus">Homobonus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lazarus_Zographos" title="Lazarus Zographos">Lazarus Zographos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Bertrand_(saint)" title="Louis Bertrand (saint)">Louis Bertrand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maximus_the_Confessor" title="Maximus the Confessor">Maximus the Confessor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_of_Synnada" title="Michael of Synnada">Michael of Synnada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paphnutius_of_Thebes" title="Paphnutius of Thebes">Paphnutius the Confessor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_I_of_Constantinople" title="Paul I of Constantinople">Paul I of Constantinople</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Claver" title="Peter Claver">Peter Claver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salonius" title="Salonius">Salonius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sergius_of_Radonezh" title="Sergius of Radonezh">Sergius of Radonezh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theophanes_the_Confessor" title="Theophanes the Confessor">Theophanes the Confessor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Padre_Pio" title="Padre Pio">Pio of Pietrelcina</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Disciple_(Christianity)" title="Disciple (Christianity)">Disciples</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apollos" title="Apollos">Apollos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_of_Bethany" title="Mary of Bethany">Mary of Bethany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Magdalene" title="Mary Magdalene">Mary Magdalene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Priscilla_and_Aquila" title="Priscilla and Aquila">Priscilla and Aquila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silas" title="Silas">Silvanus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Stephen" title="Saint Stephen">Stephen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Timothy" title="Saint Timothy">Timothy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Titus" title="Saint Titus">Titus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seventy_disciples" title="Seventy disciples">Seventy disciples</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_the_Church" title="Doctor of the Church">Doctors of the Church</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Gregory_I" title="Pope Gregory I">Gregory the Great</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambrose" title="Ambrose">Ambrose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augustine_of_Hippo" title="Augustine of Hippo">Augustine of Hippo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerome" title="Jerome">Jerome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Chrysostom" title="John Chrysostom">John Chrysostom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basil_of_Caesarea" title="Basil of Caesarea">Basil of Caesarea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregory_of_Nazianzus" title="Gregory of Nazianzus">Gregory of Nazianzus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athanasius_of_Alexandria" title="Athanasius of Alexandria">Athanasius of Alexandria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyril_of_Alexandria" title="Cyril of Alexandria">Cyril of Alexandria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyril_of_Jerusalem" title="Cyril of Jerusalem">Cyril of Jerusalem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_of_Damascus" title="John of Damascus">John of Damascus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bede" title="Bede">Bede the Venerable</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ephrem_the_Syrian" title="Ephrem the Syrian">Ephrem the Syrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Aquinas" title="Thomas Aquinas">Thomas Aquinas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bonaventure" title="Bonaventure">Bonaventure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anselm_of_Canterbury" title="Anselm of Canterbury">Anselm of Canterbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isidore_of_Seville" title="Isidore of Seville">Isidore of Seville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Chrysologus" title="Peter Chrysologus">Peter Chrysologus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Leo_I" title="Pope Leo I">Leo the Great</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Damian" title="Peter Damian">Peter Damian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernard_of_Clairvaux" title="Bernard of Clairvaux">Bernard of Clairvaux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hilary_of_Poitiers" title="Hilary of Poitiers">Hilary of Poitiers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alphonsus_Liguori" title="Alphonsus Liguori">Alphonsus Liguori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_de_Sales" title="Francis de Sales">Francis de Sales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Canisius" title="Peter Canisius">Peter Canisius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_of_the_Cross" title="John of the Cross">John of the Cross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Bellarmine" title="Robert Bellarmine">Robert Bellarmine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albertus_Magnus" title="Albertus Magnus">Albertus Magnus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_of_Padua" title="Anthony of Padua">Anthony of Padua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_of_Brindisi" title="Lawrence of Brindisi">Lawrence of Brindisi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teresa_of_%C3%81vila" title="Teresa of Ávila">Teresa of Ávila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_of_Siena" title="Catherine of Siena">Catherine of Siena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Th%C3%A9r%C3%A8se_of_Lisieux" title="Thérèse of Lisieux">Thérèse of Lisieux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_of_%C3%81vila" title="John of Ávila">John of Ávila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hildegard_of_Bingen" title="Hildegard of Bingen">Hildegard of Bingen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregory_of_Narek" title="Gregory of Narek">Gregory of Narek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irenaeus" title="Irenaeus">Irenaeus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Four_Evangelists" title="Four Evangelists">Evangelists</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_the_Apostle" title="Matthew the Apostle">Matthew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_the_Evangelist" title="Mark the Evangelist">Mark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luke_the_Evangelist" title="Luke the Evangelist">Luke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_the_Evangelist" title="John the Evangelist">John</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Church_Fathers" title="Church Fathers">Church<br />Fathers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Alexander_I_of_Alexandria" title="Pope Alexander I of Alexandria">Alexander of Alexandria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_of_Jerusalem" title="Alexander of Jerusalem">Alexander of Jerusalem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambrose" title="Ambrose">Ambrose of Milan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anatolius_of_Laodicea" title="Anatolius of Laodicea">Anatolius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athanasius_of_Alexandria" title="Athanasius of Alexandria">Athanasius of Alexandria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augustine_of_Hippo" title="Augustine of Hippo">Augustine of Hippo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caesarius_of_Arles" title="Caesarius of Arles">Caesarius of Arles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caius_(presbyter)" title="Caius (presbyter)">Caius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cappadocian_Fathers" title="Cappadocian Fathers">Cappadocian Fathers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clement_of_Alexandria" title="Clement of Alexandria">Clement of Alexandria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clement_of_Rome" title="Clement of Rome">Clement of Rome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyprian" title="Cyprian">Cyprian of Carthage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyril_of_Alexandria" title="Cyril of Alexandria">Cyril of Alexandria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyril_of_Jerusalem" title="Cyril of Jerusalem">Cyril of Jerusalem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Damasus_I" title="Pope Damasus I">Damasus I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desert_Fathers" title="Desert Fathers">Desert Fathers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desert_Mothers" title="Desert Mothers">Desert Mothers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Dionysius_of_Alexandria" title="Pope Dionysius of Alexandria">Dionysius of Alexandria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dionysius_of_Corinth" title="Dionysius of Corinth">Dionysius of Corinth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Dionysius" title="Pope Dionysius">Dionysius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ephrem_the_Syrian" title="Ephrem the Syrian">Ephrem the Syrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epiphanius_of_Salamis" title="Epiphanius of Salamis">Epiphanius of Salamis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fulgentius_of_Ruspe" title="Fulgentius of Ruspe">Fulgentius of Ruspe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Gregory_I" title="Pope Gregory I">Gregory the Great</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregory_of_Nazianzus" title="Gregory of Nazianzus">Gregory of Nazianzus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregory_of_Nyssa" title="Gregory of Nyssa">Gregory of Nyssa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hilary_of_Poitiers" title="Hilary of Poitiers">Hilary of Poitiers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hippolytus_of_Rome" title="Hippolytus of Rome">Hippolytus of Rome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ignatius_of_Antioch" title="Ignatius of Antioch">Ignatius of Antioch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irenaeus" title="Irenaeus">Irenaeus of Lyons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isidore_of_Seville" title="Isidore of Seville">Isidore of Seville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerome" title="Jerome">Jerome of Stridonium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Chrysostom" title="John Chrysostom">John Chrysostom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_of_Damascus" title="John of Damascus">John of Damascus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maximus_the_Confessor" title="Maximus the Confessor">Maximus the Confessor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melito_of_Sardis" title="Melito of Sardis">Melito of Sardis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quadratus_of_Athens" title="Quadratus of Athens">Quadratus of Athens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papias_of_Hierapolis" title="Papias of Hierapolis">Papias of Hierapolis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Chrysologus" title="Peter Chrysologus">Peter Chrysologus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polycarp" title="Polycarp">Polycarp of Smyrna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theophilus_of_Antioch" title="Theophilus of Antioch">Theophilus of Antioch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victorinus_of_Pettau" title="Victorinus of Pettau">Victorinus of Pettau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vincent_of_L%C3%A9rins" title="Vincent of Lérins">Vincent of Lérins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Zephyrinus" title="Pope Zephyrinus">Zephyrinus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Christian_martyr" title="Christian martyr">Martyrs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abda_and_Abdisho" title="Abda and Abdisho">Abda and Abdisho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boris_and_Gleb" title="Boris and Gleb">Boris and Gleb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_de_Foucauld" title="Charles de Foucauld">Charles de Foucauld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Martyrs" title="Canadian Martyrs">Canadian Martyrs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carthusian_Martyrs" title="Carthusian Martyrs">Carthusian Martyrs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Child_Martyrs_of_Tlaxcala" title="Child Martyrs of Tlaxcala">Child Martyrs of Tlaxcala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christina_of_Persia" title="Christina of Persia">Christina of Persia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devasahayam_Pillai" title="Devasahayam Pillai">Devasahayam Pillai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penitent_thief" title="Penitent thief">Dismas the Good Thief</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forty_Martyrs_of_England_and_Wales" title="Forty Martyrs of England and Wales">Forty Martyrs of England and Wales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_Crowned_Martyrs" title="Four Crowned Martyrs">Four Crowned Martyrs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerard_of_Csan%C3%A1d" title="Gerard of Csanád">Gerard of Csanád</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_martyr" title="Great martyr">Great Martyr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massacre_of_the_Innocents" title="Massacre of the Innocents">The Holy Innocents</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Catholic_Martyrs" title="Irish Catholic Martyrs">Irish Martyrs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Fisher" title="John Fisher">John Fisher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_Martyrs" title="Korean Martyrs">Korean Martyrs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lorenzo_Ruiz" title="Lorenzo Ruiz">Lorenzo Ruiz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%BCbeck_martyrs" title="Lübeck martyrs">Martyrs of Lübeck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luigi_Versiglia" title="Luigi Versiglia">Luigi Versiglia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyrology" title="Martyrology">Martyrology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyrs_of_Albania" title="Martyrs of Albania">Martyrs of Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/19_martyrs_of_Algeria" title="19 martyrs of Algeria">Martyrs of Algeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyrs_of_Cajonos" title="Martyrs of Cajonos">Martyrs of Cajonos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blessed_Martyrs_of_Drina" title="Blessed Martyrs of Drina">Martyrs of Drina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyr_Saints_of_China" title="Martyr Saints of China">Martyrs of China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyrs_of_Gorkum" title="Martyrs of Gorkum">Martyrs of Gorkum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyrs_of_Japan" title="Martyrs of Japan">Martyrs of Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_kidnapping_and_beheading_of_Copts_in_Libya" title="2015 kidnapping and beheading of Copts in Libya">21 Martyrs of Libya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyrs_of_La_Rioja" title="Martyrs of La Rioja">Martyrs of La Rioja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyrs_of_Damascus" title="Martyrs of Damascus">Martyrs of Damascus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyrs_of_Laos" title="Martyrs of Laos">Martyrs of Laos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyrs_of_Natal" title="Martyrs of Natal">Martyrs of Natal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyrs_of_Otranto" title="Martyrs of Otranto">Martyrs of Otranto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyrs_of_Prague" title="Martyrs of Prague">Martyrs of Prague</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sadok_and_48_Dominican_martyrs_from_Sandomierz" title="Sadok and 48 Dominican martyrs from Sandomierz">Martyrs of Sandomierz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyrs_of_the_Spanish_Civil_War" title="Martyrs of the Spanish Civil War">Martyrs of the Spanish Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyrs_of_Zenta" title="Martyrs of Zenta">Martyrs of Zenta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maximilian_Kolbe" title="Maximilian Kolbe">Maximilian Kolbe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%93scar_Romero" title="Óscar Romero">Óscar Romero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedro_Calungsod" title="Pedro Calungsod">Pedro Calungsod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perpetua_and_Felicity" title="Perpetua and Felicity">Perpetua and Felicity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Chanel" title="Peter Chanel">Peter Chanel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pietro_Parenzo" title="Pietro Parenzo">Pietro Parenzo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philomena" title="Philomena">Philomena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saints_of_the_Cristero_War" title="Saints of the Cristero War">Saints of the Cristero War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Stephen" title="Saint Stephen">Stephen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edith_Stein" title="Edith Stein">Teresa Benedicta of the Cross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titus_Brandsma" title="Titus Brandsma">Titus Brandsma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomasian_Martyrs" title="Thomasian Martyrs">17 Thomasian Martyrs</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Thomas Becket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_More" title="Thomas More">Thomas More</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three_Martyrs_of_Chimbote" title="Three Martyrs of Chimbote">Three Martyrs of Chimbote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulma_family" title="Ulma family">Ulma Family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uganda_Martyrs" title="Uganda Martyrs">Uganda Martyrs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_Martyrs" title="Vietnamese Martyrs">Vietnamese Martyrs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Valentine" title="Saint Valentine">Valentine of Rome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victor_and_Corona" title="Victor and Corona">Victor and Corona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zanitas_and_Lazarus_of_Persia" title="Zanitas and Lazarus of Persia">Zanitas and Lazarus of Persia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Catholic_missions" title="Catholic missions">Missionaries</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Augustine_of_Canterbury" title="Augustine of Canterbury">Augustine of Canterbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Boniface" title="Saint Boniface">Boniface</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Father_Damien" title="Father Damien">Damien of Molokai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evermode_of_Ratzeburg" title="Evermode of Ratzeburg">Evermode of Ratzeburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Xavier" title="Francis Xavier">Francis Xavier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_de_Laval" title="François de Laval">François de Laval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregory_the_Illuminator" title="Gregory the Illuminator">Gregory the Illuminator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jun%C3%ADpero_Serra" title="Junípero Serra">Junípero Serra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Nino" title="Saint Nino">Nino of Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Patrick" title="Saint Patrick">Patrick of Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Remigius" title="Saint Remigius">Remigius</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Patriarch" title="Patriarch">Patriarchs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adam" title="Adam">Adam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cain_and_Abel" title="Cain and Abel">Abel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abraham" title="Abraham">Abraham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaac" title="Isaac">Isaac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacob" title="Jacob">Jacob</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_(Genesis)" title="Joseph (Genesis)">Joseph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Joseph" title="Saint Joseph">Joseph (father of Jesus)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David" title="David">David</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noah" title="Noah">Noah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solomon" title="Solomon">Solomon</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Matriarchs_(Bible)" class="mw-redirect" title="Matriarchs (Bible)">Matriarchs</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pope" title="Pope">Popes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Adeodatus_I" title="Pope Adeodatus I">Adeodatus I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Adeodatus_II" title="Pope Adeodatus II">Adeodatus II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Adrian_III" title="Pope Adrian III">Adrian III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Agapetus_I" title="Pope Agapetus I">Agapetus I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Agatho" title="Pope Agatho">Agatho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Alexander_I" title="Pope Alexander I">Alexander I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Anacletus" title="Pope Anacletus">Anacletus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Anastasius_I" title="Pope Anastasius I">Anastasius I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Anicetus" title="Pope Anicetus">Anicetus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Anterus" title="Pope Anterus">Anterus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Benedict_II" title="Pope Benedict II">Benedict II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Boniface_I" title="Pope Boniface I">Boniface I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Boniface_IV" title="Pope Boniface IV">Boniface IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Caius" title="Pope Caius">Caius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Callixtus_I" title="Pope Callixtus I">Callixtus I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Celestine_I" title="Pope Celestine I">Celestine I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Celestine_V" title="Pope Celestine V">Celestine V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clement_of_Rome" title="Clement of Rome">Clement I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Cornelius" title="Pope Cornelius">Cornelius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Damasus_I" title="Pope Damasus I">Damasus I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Dionysius" title="Pope Dionysius">Dionysius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Eleutherius" title="Pope Eleutherius">Eleuterus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Eugene_I" title="Pope Eugene I">Eugene I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Eusebius" title="Pope Eusebius">Eusebius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Eutychian" title="Pope Eutychian">Eutychian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Evaristus" title="Pope Evaristus">Evaristus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Fabian" title="Pope Fabian">Fabian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Felix_I" title="Pope Felix I">Felix I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Felix_III" title="Pope Felix III">Felix III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Felix_IV" title="Pope Felix IV">Felix IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Gelasius_I" title="Pope Gelasius I">Gelasius I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Gregory_I" title="Pope Gregory I">Gregory I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Gregory_II" title="Pope Gregory II">Gregory II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Gregory_III" title="Pope Gregory III">Gregory III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Gregory_VII" title="Pope Gregory VII">Gregory VII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Hilarius" title="Pope Hilarius">Hilarius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Hormisdas" title="Pope Hormisdas">Hormisdas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Hyginus" title="Pope Hyginus">Hyginus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Innocent_I" title="Pope Innocent I">Innocent I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_John_I" title="Pope John I">John I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_John_XXIII" title="Pope John XXIII">John XXIII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_John_Paul_II" title="Pope John Paul II">John Paul II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Julius_I" title="Pope Julius I">Julius I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Leo_I" title="Pope Leo I">Leo I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Leo_II" title="Pope Leo II">Leo II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Leo_III" title="Pope Leo III">Leo III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Leo_IV" title="Pope Leo IV">Leo IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Leo_IX" title="Pope Leo IX">Leo IX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Linus" title="Pope Linus">Linus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Lucius_I" title="Pope Lucius I">Lucius I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Marcellinus" title="Pope Marcellinus">Marcellinus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Marcellus_I" title="Pope Marcellus I">Marcellus I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Mark" title="Pope Mark">Mark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Martin_I" title="Pope Martin I">Martin I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Miltiades" title="Pope Miltiades">Miltiades</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Nicholas_I" title="Pope Nicholas I">Nicholas I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Paschal_I" title="Pope Paschal I">Paschal I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Paul_I" title="Pope Paul I">Paul I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Paul_VI" title="Pope Paul VI">Paul VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Peter" title="Saint Peter">Peter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Pius_I" title="Pope Pius I">Pius I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Pius_V" title="Pope Pius V">Pius V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Pius_X" title="Pope Pius X">Pius X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Pontian" title="Pope Pontian">Pontian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Sergius_I" title="Pope Sergius I">Sergius I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Silverius" title="Pope Silverius">Silverius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Simplicius" title="Pope Simplicius">Simplicius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Siricius" title="Pope Siricius">Siricius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Sixtus_I" title="Pope Sixtus I">Sixtus I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Sixtus_II" title="Pope Sixtus II">Sixtus II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Sixtus_III" title="Pope Sixtus III">Sixtus III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Soter" title="Pope Soter">Soter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Stephen_I" title="Pope Stephen I">Stephen I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Stephen_IV" title="Pope Stephen IV">Stephen IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Sylvester_I" title="Pope Sylvester I">Sylvester I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Symmachus" title="Pope Symmachus">Symmachus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Telesphorus" title="Pope Telesphorus">Telesphorus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Urban_I" title="Pope Urban I">Urban I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Victor_I" title="Pope Victor I">Victor I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Vitalian" title="Pope Vitalian">Vitalian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Zachary" title="Pope Zachary">Zachary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Zephyrinus" title="Pope Zephyrinus">Zephyrinus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Zosimus" title="Pope Zosimus">Zosimus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Prophets_of_Christianity" title="Prophets of Christianity">Prophets</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agabus" title="Agabus">Agabus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amos_(prophet)" title="Amos (prophet)">Amos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anna_the_Prophetess" title="Anna the Prophetess">Anna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baruch_ben_Neriah" title="Baruch ben Neriah">Baruch ben Neriah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David" title="David">David</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elijah" title="Elijah">Elijah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ezekiel" title="Ezekiel">Ezekiel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Habakkuk" title="Habakkuk">Habakkuk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haggai" title="Haggai">Haggai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hosea" title="Hosea">Hosea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaiah" title="Isaiah">Isaiah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeremiah" title="Jeremiah">Jeremiah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Job_(biblical_figure)" title="Job (biblical figure)">Job</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joel_(prophet)" title="Joel (prophet)">Joel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_the_Baptist" title="John the Baptist">John the Baptist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonah" title="Jonah">Jonah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judas_Barsabbas" title="Judas Barsabbas">Judas Barsabbas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malachi" title="Malachi">Malachi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melchizedek" title="Melchizedek">Melchizedek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Micah_(prophet)" title="Micah (prophet)">Micah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moses" title="Moses">Moses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nahum" title="Nahum">Nahum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obadiah" title="Obadiah">Obadiah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel" title="Samuel">Samuel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woman_with_seven_sons" title="Woman with seven sons">Seven Maccabees and their mother</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simeon_(Gospel_of_Luke)" title="Simeon (Gospel of Luke)">Simeon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zechariah_(Hebrew_prophet)" title="Zechariah (Hebrew prophet)">Zechariah (prophet)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zechariah_(New_Testament_figure)" title="Zechariah (New Testament figure)">Zechariah (NT)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zephaniah" title="Zephaniah">Zephaniah</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Virgin_(title)" title="Virgin (title)">Virgins</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agatha_of_Sicily" title="Agatha of Sicily">Agatha of Sicily</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agnes_of_Rome" title="Agnes of Rome">Agnes of Rome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angela_of_the_Cross" title="Angela of the Cross">Angela of the Cross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%86thelthryth" title="Æthelthryth">Æthelthryth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernadette_Soubirous" title="Bernadette Soubirous">Bernadette Soubirous</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_of_Bologna" title="Catherine of Bologna">Catherine of Bologna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brigid_of_Kildare" title="Brigid of Kildare">Brigid of Kildare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_Labour%C3%A9" title="Catherine Labouré">Catherine Labouré</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_of_Siena" title="Catherine of Siena">Catherine of Siena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Cecilia" title="Saint Cecilia">Cecilia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clare_of_Assisi" title="Clare of Assisi">Clare of Assisi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eulalia_of_M%C3%A9rida" title="Eulalia of Mérida">Eulalia of Mérida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euphemia" title="Euphemia">Euphemia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faustina_Kowalska" title="Faustina Kowalska">Faustina Kowalska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faustina_and_Liberata_of_Como" title="Faustina and Liberata of Como">Faustina and Liberata of Como</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genevieve" title="Genevieve">Genevieve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hiltrude_of_Liessies" title="Hiltrude of Liessies">Hiltrude of Liessies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joan_of_Arc" title="Joan of Arc">Joan of Arc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kateri_Tekakwitha" title="Kateri Tekakwitha">Kateri Tekakwitha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Lucy" title="Saint Lucy">Lucy of Syracuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Goretti" title="Maria Goretti">Maria Goretti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mar%C3%ADa_de_las_Maravillas_de_Jes%C3%BAs" title="María de las Maravillas de Jesús">María de las Maravillas de Jesús</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narcisa_de_Jes%C3%BAs" title="Narcisa de Jesús">Narcisa de Jesús</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patricia_of_Naples" title="Patricia of Naples">Patricia of Naples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Rosalia" title="Saint Rosalia">Rosalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rose_of_Lima" title="Rose of Lima">Rose of Lima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teresa_of_the_Andes" title="Teresa of the Andes">Teresa of the Andes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mother_Teresa" title="Mother Teresa">Teresa of Calcutta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trasilla_and_Emiliana" title="Trasilla and Emiliana">Trasilla and Emiliana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ubaldesca_Taccini" title="Ubaldesca Taccini">Ubaldesca Taccini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josephine_Bakhita" title="Josephine Bakhita">Josephine Bakhita</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Calendar_of_saints" title="Calendar of saints">Calendar of saints</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_Holy_Marshals" title="Four Holy Marshals">Four Holy Marshals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourteen_Holy_Helpers" title="Fourteen Holy Helpers">Fourteen Holy Helpers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyr_of_charity" title="Martyr of charity">Martyr of charity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_saint" title="Military saint">Military saints</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Athleta_Christi" title="Athleta Christi">Athleta Christi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miles_Christianus" title="Miles Christianus">Miles Christianus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Churches_Militant,_Penitent,_and_Triumphant" title="Churches Militant, Penitent, and Triumphant">Church Militant</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seven_Champions_of_Christendom" title="Seven Champions of Christendom">Seven Champions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virtuous_pagan" title="Virtuous pagan">Virtuous pagan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color: gold"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:046CupolaSPietro.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/16px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg" decoding="async" width="16" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/24px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/32px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Catholic_Church" title="Portal:Catholic Church">Catholic Church&#32;portal</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Gloriole_blur.svg/16px-Gloriole_blur.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Gloriole_blur.svg/24px-Gloriole_blur.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Gloriole_blur.svg/32px-Gloriole_blur.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="32" data-file-height="28" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Saints" title="Portal:Saints">Saints&#32;portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 0;column-gap:1em;align-items:baseline;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-item{display:inline-block;margin:0.15em 0.2em;min-height:24px;line-height:24px}@media screen and (max-width:768px){.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;flex-flow:column wrap;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{text-align:center;flex:0;padding-left:0.5em;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;align-items:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;align-items:center;flex:0;column-gap:1em;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0 auto;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{border-top:none;margin:0;list-style:none}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><span class="portal-bar-header"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portals</a>:</span><ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Gloriole_blur.svg/21px-Gloriole_blur.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Gloriole_blur.svg/32px-Gloriole_blur.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Gloriole_blur.svg/42px-Gloriole_blur.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="32" data-file-height="28" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Saints" title="Portal:Saints">Saints</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:046CupolaSPietro.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/21px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg" decoding="async" width="21" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/32px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/42px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Catholicism" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:Catholicism">Catholicism</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/21px-Flag_of_England.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/32px-Flag_of_England.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/42px-Flag_of_England.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="480" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:England" title="Portal:England">England</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Metropolitan_M_Stamp.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/The_Metropolitan_M_Stamp.PNG/19px-The_Metropolitan_M_Stamp.PNG" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/The_Metropolitan_M_Stamp.PNG/29px-The_Metropolitan_M_Stamp.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/The_Metropolitan_M_Stamp.PNG/38px-The_Metropolitan_M_Stamp.PNG 2x" data-file-width="267" data-file-height="267" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Middle_Ages" title="Portal:Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/19px-P_vip.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/28px-P_vip.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/37px-P_vip.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1911" data-file-height="1944" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Biography" title="Portal:Biography">Biography</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Balance,_by_David.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Balance%2C_by_David.svg/21px-Balance%2C_by_David.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Balance%2C_by_David.svg/32px-Balance%2C_by_David.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Balance%2C_by_David.svg/41px-Balance%2C_by_David.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="606" data-file-height="558" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Law" title="Portal:Law">Law</a></li></ul></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&amp;#124;text-top&amp;#124;10px&amp;#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&amp;#124;link=https&amp;#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192236#identifiers&amp;#124;class=noprint&amp;#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&amp;#124;text-top&amp;#124;10px&amp;#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&amp;#124;link=https&amp;#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192236#identifiers&amp;#124;class=noprint&amp;#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192236#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, 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style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/118622102">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n80036571">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb125158316">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb125158316">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Thomas : Cantuariensis &lt;santo&gt;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.sbn.it/nome/MILV124506">Italy</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35016232">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&amp;local_base=aut&amp;ccl_term=ica=jn20000700142&amp;CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&amp;local_base=aut&amp;ccl_term=ica=kup19980000101306&amp;CON_LNG=ENG">2</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&amp;authority_id=XX1137751">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p068992408">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90783679">Norway</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&amp;local_base=lnc10&amp;doc_number=000204166&amp;P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://katalog.nsk.hr/F/?func=direct&amp;doc_number=000523084&amp;local_base=nsk10">Croatia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.nlg.gr/cgi-bin/koha/opac-authoritiesdetail.pl?authid=73851">Greece</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/75kmnm4r44w7r9f">Sweden</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810586022705606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8034&amp;url_prefix=https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/&amp;id=495/22355">Vatican</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&amp;local_base=NLX10&amp;find_code=UID&amp;request=987007269088105171">Israel</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058518533906706">Catalonia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.kbr.be/LIBRARY/doc/AUTHORITY/14735970">Belgium</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?find=&amp;role=&amp;nation=&amp;subjectid=500240750">ULAN</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/791320">Trove</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd118622102.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/118622102">DDB</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/034398805">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6cn7jfw">SNAC</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><!--esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> --><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Becket&amp;oldid=1257689264">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Becket&amp;oldid=1257689264</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Lord_chancellors" title="Category:Lord chancellors">Lord chancellors</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Thomas_Becket" title="Category:Thomas Becket">Thomas 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