Brincidofovir inhibits polyomavirus infection in vivo

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new collection</label> </li> <li> <input type="radio" id="collections-action-panel-existing" class="collections-existing" name="collections" value="existing" checked="true" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="collections" data-ga-label="collections_radio_existing"> <label for="collections-action-panel-existing">Add to an existing collection</label> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="controls-wrapper"> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap new-collections-controls"> <label for="collections-action-panel-add-to-new" class="action-panel-label required-field-asterisk"> Name your collection: </label> <input type="text" name="add-to-new-collection" id="collections-action-panel-add-to-new" class="collections-action-add-to-new" pattern="[^"&=<>\/]*" title="The following characters are not allowed in the Name field: "&=<>/" maxlength="100" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="create_collection" data-ga-label="non_favorties_collection"> <div class="collections-new-name-too-long usa-input-error-message selection-validation-message"> Name must be less than 100 characters </div> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap existing-collections-controls"> <label for="collections-action-panel-add-to-existing" class="action-panel-label"> Choose a collection: </label> <select id="collections-action-panel-add-to-existing" class="action-panel-selector collections-action-add-to-existing" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="select_collection" data-ga-label="($('#collections-action-add-to-existing').val() === 'Favorites') ? 'Favorites' : 'non_favorites_collection'"> </select> <div class="collections-retry-load-on-error usa-input-error-message selection-validation-message"> Unable to load your collection due to an error<br> <a href="#">Please try again</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="action-panel-actions"> <button class="action-panel-submit" type="submit" data-loading-label="Adding..." data-pinger-ignore data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="collections" data-ga-label="add"> Add </button> <button class="action-panel-cancel" aria-label="Close 'Add to Collections' panel" ref="linksrc=close_collections_panel" aria-controls="collections-action-panel" aria-expanded="false" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="collections" data-ga-label="cancel"> Cancel </button> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div id="bibliography-action-panel" class="bibliography-action-panel action-panel in-progress-dots-panel" aria-hidden="true" data-bibliography-open-panel-enabled="false" data-bibliography-open-panel-url-hash="#open-bibliography-panel"> <div class="inner-wrap"> <h3 class="action-panel-heading"> Add to My Bibliography </h3> <form id="bibliography-action-panel-form" class="bibliography-action-panel-form action-panel-content action-form action-panel-smaller-selectors" data-add-to-bibliography-max-amount="100" data-add-to-bibliography-batch-size="10" data-bibliography-delegates-url="/list-bibliography-delegates/" data-add-to-bibliography-url="/add-to-bibliography/" data-get-article-ids-by-search-url="/get-article-ids-by-search/" data-mybib-root-url="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/myncbi/collections/mybibliography/"> <input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="zfEbEZS5w8USKR5FebcImZ3s29ITyWVj5rqEmrvdmAAlccpZkQ8RcxMVChhw2ku2"> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap bibliographies-controls"> <div class="choice-group"> <ul class="bibliographies-action-add radio-group-items"> <li> <input name="bibliography" id="my-bibliography" class="my-bibliography" type="radio" checked/> <label for="my-bibliography">My Bibliography</label> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="bibliographies-retry-load-on-error usa-input-error-message selection-validation-message"> Unable to load your delegates due to an error<br> <a href="#">Please try again</a> </div> <div class="action-panel-actions"> <button class="action-panel-submit" type="submit" data-loading-label="Adding..." data-pinger-ignore> Add </button> <button class="action-panel-cancel" aria-label="Close 'Add to bibliography' panel" ref="linksrc=close_bibliography_panel" aria-controls="bibliography-action-panel" aria-expanded="false" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="mybib" data-ga-label="cancel"> Cancel </button> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div id="saved-search-action-panel" class="saved-search-action-panel action-panel " aria-hidden="true" data-saved-search-open-panel-enabled="false" data-saved-search-open-panel-url-hash="#open-saved-search-panel"> <div class="inner-wrap"> <h2 class="action-panel-heading"> Your saved search </h2> <form id="saved-search-action-panel-form" class="saved-search-action-panel-form action-panel-content action-form" data-create-saved-search-url="/create-saved-search/" data-try-search-terms-url="/try-search-term/" data-saved-search-root-url="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/myncbi/searches/"> <input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="zfEbEZS5w8USKR5FebcImZ3s29ITyWVj5rqEmrvdmAAlccpZkQ8RcxMVChhw2ku2"> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap"> <label for="saved-search-name" class="action-panel-label saved-search-name-label required-field-asterisk"> Name of saved search: </label> <input maxlength="200" type="text" name="saved-search-name" id="saved-search-name" class="saved-search-name" value="" required pattern="[^"&=<>\/]*" title="The following characters are not allowed in the Name field: "&=<>/"> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap"> <label for="saved-search-term" class="action-panel-label required-field-asterisk"> Search terms: </label> <textarea name="saved-search-term" id="saved-search-term" class="saved-search-term" required></textarea> </div> <div class="test-search-term-wrap"> <a href="#" class="try-search-term">Test search terms</a> </div> <div class="choice-group action-panel-extra-margin-top"> <span class="action-panel-label" id="fieldset-label"> Would you like email updates of new search results? </span> <fieldset id="saved-search-alert" aria-describedby="fieldset-label"> <legend class="usa-sr-only">Saved Search Alert Radio Buttons</legend> <ul class="radio-group-items"> <li> <input type="radio" id="saved-search-alert-yes" class="saved-search-alert-yes" name="saved-search-alert" value="yes" checked> <label for="saved-search-alert-yes" class="action-panel-label">Yes</label> </li> <li> <input aria-label="No radio input" type="radio" id="saved-search-alert-no" class="saved-search-alert-no" name="saved-search-alert" value="no"> <label for="saved-search-alert-no" class="action-panel-label">No</label> </li> </ul> </fieldset> </div> <div class="alert-schedule-wrap"> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap"> <label class="action-panel-label"> Email: </label> <span aria-label="Email address" id="saved-search-email" class="action-panel-label"><span class="action-panel-label-bold"></span> (<a class="myncbi-account-settings" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/account/settings/">change</a>)</span> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap action-panel-extra-margin-top"> <label for="saved-search-frequency" class="action-panel-label"> Frequency: </label> <select id="saved-search-frequency" class="no-border-panel-selector saved-search-frequency"> <option value="monthly">Monthly</option> <option value="weekly">Weekly</option> <option value="daily">Daily</option> </select> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap saved-search-monthly-additional"> <label for="saved-search-monthly-on-day" class="action-panel-label"> Which day? </label> <select id="saved-search-monthly-on-day" class="no-border-panel-selector"> <option value="Sunday">The first Sunday</option> <option value="Monday">The first Monday</option> <option value="Tuesday">The first Tuesday</option> <option value="Wednesday">The first Wednesday</option> <option value="Thursday">The first Thursday</option> <option value="Friday">The first Friday</option> <option value="Saturday">The first Saturday</option> <option value="day">The first day</option> <option value="weekday">The first weekday</option> </select> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap saved-search-weekly-additional"> <label for="saved-search-weekly-on-day" class="action-panel-label"> Which day? </label> <select id="saved-search-weekly-on-day" class="no-border-panel-selector saved-search-weekly-on-day"> <option value="Sunday">Sunday</option> <option value="Monday">Monday</option> <option value="Tuesday">Tuesday</option> <option value="Wednesday">Wednesday</option> <option value="Thursday">Thursday</option> <option value="Friday">Friday</option> <option value="Saturday">Saturday</option> </select> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap"> <label for="saved-search-report" class="action-panel-label"> Report format: </label> <select id="saved-search-report" class="no-border-panel-selector saved-search-report"> <option value="DocSum">Summary</option> <option value="DocSumText">Summary (text)</option> <option value="Abstract">Abstract</option> <option value="AbstractText">Abstract (text)</option> <option value="MEDLINE">PubMed</option> </select> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap"> <label for="saved-search-amount" class="action-panel-label"> Send at most: </label> <select id="saved-search-amount" class="no-border-panel-selector saved-search-amount"> <option value="1">1 item</option> <option value="5" selected>5 items</option> <option value="10">10 items</option> <option value="20">20 items</option> <option value="50">50 items</option> <option value="100">100 items</option> <option value="200">200 items</option> </select> </div> <div> <input type="checkbox" id="saved-search-send-if-no-result" class="saved-search-send-if-no-result" name="saved-search-send-if-no-result"> <label for="saved-search-send-if-no-result" class="action-panel-label smaller-checkbox"> Send even when there aren't any new results </label> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap option-text-in-email-wrap"> <label for="saved-search-email-text" class="action-panel-label"> Optional text in email: </label> <textarea name="saved-search-email-text" id="saved-search-email-text" class="saved-search-email-text"></textarea> </div> </div> <div class="action-panel-actions"> <button class="action-panel-submit" type="submit" data-loading-label="Saving..." data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="alert" data-ga-label="save"> Save </button> <button class="action-panel-cancel" aria-label="Close 'Your saved search' panel" ref="linksrc=close_saved_search_panel" aria-controls="saved-search-action-panel" aria-expanded="false" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="alert" data-ga-label="cancel"> Cancel </button> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div id="citation-manager-action-panel" class="citation-manager-action-panel action-panel" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="inner-wrap"> <h2 class="action-panel-heading"> Create a file for external citation management software </h2> <form id="citation-manager-action-panel-form" class="action-panel-content action-form" action="/results-export-ids/" data-by-search-action="/results-export-search-data/" data-by-ids-action="/results-export-ids/" method="post" data-by-search-method="post" data-by-ids-method="post"> <input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="zfEbEZS5w8USKR5FebcImZ3s29ITyWVj5rqEmrvdmAAlccpZkQ8RcxMVChhw2ku2"> <input name="results-format" type="hidden" value="pubmed"/> <div class="action-panel-actions"> <button class="action-panel-submit" type="submit" data-loading-label="Sending..." data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="citation_manager" data-ga-label="save"> Create file </button> <button class="action-panel-cancel" aria-label="Close 'Send citations to citation manager' panel" ref="linksrc=close_citation_manager_panel" aria-controls="citation-manager-action-panel" aria-expanded="false" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="citation_manager" data-ga-label="cancel"> Cancel </button> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div id="rss-action-panel" class="rss-action-panel action-panel " aria-hidden="true"> <div class="inner-wrap"> <h2 class="action-panel-heading"> Your RSS Feed </h2> <form id="rss-action-panel-form" class="rss-action-panel-form action-panel-content action-form" data-create-rss-feed-url="/create-rss-feed-url/" data-search-form-term-value=""> <input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="zfEbEZS5w8USKR5FebcImZ3s29ITyWVj5rqEmrvdmAAlccpZkQ8RcxMVChhw2ku2"> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap"> <label for="rss-name" class="action-panel-label required-field-asterisk"> Name of RSS Feed: </label> <input maxlength="200" placeholder="Name" type="text" name="rss-name" id="rss-name" class="rss-name" value='' required pattern="[^"&=<>\/]*" title="The following characters are not allowed in the Name field: "&=<>/"> </div> <div class="rss-limit-wrap"> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap action-panel-extra-margin-top"> <label for="rss-limit" class="action-panel-label"> Number of items displayed: </label> <select id="rss-limit" class="no-border-panel-selector rss-limit"> <option value="5">5</option> <option value="10">10</option> <option value="15" selected="selected">15</option> <option value="20">20</option> <option value="50">50</option> <option value="100">100</option> </select> </div> </div> <div class="action-panel-actions"> <button class="action-panel-submit" type="submit" data-loading-label="Creating..." data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="alert" data-ga-label="save"> Create RSS </button> <button class="action-panel-cancel" aria-label="Close 'Your RSS' panel" ref="linksrc=close_rss_panel" aria-controls="rss-action-panel" aria-expanded="false" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="alert" data-ga-label="cancel"> Cancel </button> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap rss-link-copy-wrap"> <label for="rss-link" class="usa-sr-only">RSS Link</label> <input placeholder="Your RSS Feed Link" type="text" name="rss-link" id="rss-link" class="rss-link" title="RSS Link"> <button type="button" disabled class="rss-link-copy-button disabled" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="rss" data-ga-label="copy"> Copy </button> </div> </form> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="article-page" id="article-page" data-article-pmid="38953354"> <aside class="page-sidebar"> <div class="inner-wrap"> <div class="full-text-links"> <div class="full-view"> <h3 class="title"> Full text links </h3> <div class="full-text-links-list"> <a class="link-item dialog-focus" 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'Favorites' : 'non_favorites_collection'"></select><div class="collections-retry-load-on-error usa-input-error-message selection-validation-message"> Unable to load your collection due to an error<br><a href="#">Please try again</a></div></div></div><div class="action-panel-actions"><button class="action-panel-submit" type="submit" data-loading-label="Adding..." data-pinger-ignore data-ga-category="collections_button" data-ga-action="click" data-ga-label="add"> Add </button><button class="action-panel-cancel" aria-label="Close 'Add to Collections' panel" ref="linksrc=close_collections_panel" aria-controls="collections-action-panel" aria-expanded="false" data-ga-category="collections_button" data-ga-action="click" data-ga-label="cancel"> Cancel </button></div></form></div></div></div></div><button class="more-actions-button more-actions-dialog-trigger" title="Open dialog with more actions to take" ref="linksrc=more_actions_btn"></button><div class="display-options" 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class="journal-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container" hidden aria-label="Dropdown menu for journal mBio"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="journal-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link" href="/?term=%22mBio%22%5Bjour%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" data-href="/?term=%22mBio%22%5Bjour%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_journal_name_link&journal_abbrev=mBio" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="journal_link" data-ga-label="mBio"> Search in PubMed </a></li><li><a class="search-in-nlm-catalog-link dropdown-block-link" ref ="linksrc=search_in_nlm_catalog_link" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nlmcatalog?term=%22mBio%22%5BTitle+Abbreviation%5D" data-ga-category="search_catalog" data-ga-action="journal_link" data-ga-label="mBio"> Search in NLM Catalog </a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link" ref ="linksrc=add_to_search_link" role="button" data-search-term='"mBio"[jour]' data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="add_to_search" data-ga-label='"mBio"[jour]' href="#"> Add to Search </a></li></ul></div></div></div><span class="period">. </span><span class="cit">2024 Aug 14;15(8):e0104924.</span> </div> <span class="citation-doi"> doi: 10.1128/mbio.01049-24. </span> <span class="secondary-date"> Epub 2024 Jul 2. </span> </div> <h1 class="heading-title"> Brincidofovir inhibits polyomavirus infection <i>in vivo</i> </h1> <div class="inline-authors"> <div class="authors"> <div class="authors-list"> <span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Butic+AB&cauthor_id=38953354" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Arrienne B Butic">Arrienne B Butic</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA." href="#full-view-affiliation-1" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 1 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Katz+ZE&cauthor_id=38953354" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Zoe E Katz">Zoe E Katz</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA." href="#full-view-affiliation-1" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 1 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Jin+G&cauthor_id=38953354" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Ge Jin">Ge Jin</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA." href="#full-view-affiliation-1" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 1 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Fukushima+K&cauthor_id=38953354" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Koji Fukushima">Koji Fukushima</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="SymBio Pharmaceuticals Limited, Toranomon, Minato, Tokyo, Japan." href="#full-view-affiliation-2" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 2 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Hazama+M&cauthor_id=38953354" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Masatoshi Hazama">Masatoshi Hazama</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="SymBio Pharmaceuticals Limited, Toranomon, Minato, Tokyo, Japan." href="#full-view-affiliation-2" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 2 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Lukacher+AE&cauthor_id=38953354" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Aron E Lukacher">Aron E Lukacher</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA." href="#full-view-affiliation-1" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 1 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Lauver+MD&cauthor_id=38953354" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Matthew D Lauver">Matthew D Lauver</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA." href="#full-view-affiliation-1" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 1 </a></sup></span> </div> </div> </div> <div class="short-article-details"> Affiliations <button class="more-details" id="toggle-authors" data-alt-text="Collapse" aria-controls="expanded-authors" aria-expanded="false" data-pinger-ignore data-fetch-url="/38953354/long-authors/" data-id-prefix=""> <span class="title"> Expand </span> </button> </div> <div class="extended-article-details" id="expanded-authors" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="expanded-authors" id="full-view-expanded-authors"> <div class="affiliations"> <h3 class="title"> Affiliations </h3> <ul class="item-list"> <li data-affiliation-id="full-view-affiliation-1" id="full-view-affiliation-1" ><sup class="key">1</sup> Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="full-view-affiliation-2" id="full-view-affiliation-2" ><sup class="key">2</sup> SymBio Pharmaceuticals Limited, Toranomon, Minato, Tokyo, Japan.</li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <ul class="identifiers" id="full-view-identifiers"> <li> <span class="identifier pubmed"> <span class="id-label"> PMID: </span> <strong class="current-id" title="PubMed ID">38953354</strong> </span> </li> <li> <span class="identifier pmc"> <span class="id-label"> PMCID: </span> <a class="id-link" target="_blank" rel="noopener" ref="linksrc=article_id_link&article_id=PMC11323531&id_type=PMC" href="https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11323531/" data-ga-category="full_text" data-ga-action="PMCID" > PMC11323531 </a> </span> </li> <li> <span class="identifier doi"> <span class="id-label"> DOI: </span> <a class="id-link" target="_blank" rel="noopener" ref="linksrc=article_id_link&article_id=10.1128/mbio.01049-24&id_type=DOI" href="https://doi.org/10.1128/mbio.01049-24" data-ga-category="full_text" data-ga-action="DOI" > 10.1128/mbio.01049-24 </a> </span> </li> </ul> <div class="in-clipboard-label " hidden> Item in Clipboard </div> </div> <div class="short-view" id="short-view-heading"> <h1 class="heading-title"> Brincidofovir inhibits polyomavirus infection <i>in vivo</i> </h1> <div class="short-citation"> <span class="authors-list"> <span class="authors-list-item "><span class="full-name">Arrienne B Butic</span><span class="citation-separator"> et al.</span></span> </span> <span class="citation-journal"> mBio<span class="citation-separator">.</span> </span> <span class="date"> <time class="citation-year" datetime="2024">2024</time><span class="citation-separator">.</span> </span> </div> <div class="more-article-details-section with-display-settings"> <button class="more-article-details" id="toggle-article-details" 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</div> </div> <div class="extended-article-details" id="full-article-details" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="article-citation"> <div class="article-source"> <div class="journal-actions dropdown-block"><button id="short-view-journal-trigger" class="journal-actions-trigger trigger" ref="linksrc=journal_actions_btn" title="mBio" tabindex="0" aria-controls="short-view-journal" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for journal mBio" data-pinger-ignore> mBio </button><div id="short-view-journal" class="journal-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container" hidden aria-label="Dropdown menu for journal mBio"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="journal-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link" href="/?term=%22mBio%22%5Bjour%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" data-href="/?term=%22mBio%22%5Bjour%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_journal_name_link&journal_abbrev=mBio" data-ga-category="search" 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<div class="authors-list"> <span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Butic+AB&cauthor_id=38953354" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Arrienne B Butic">Arrienne B Butic</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA." href="#short-view-affiliation-1" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 1 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Katz+ZE&cauthor_id=38953354" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Zoe E Katz">Zoe E Katz</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA." href="#short-view-affiliation-1" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 1 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Jin+G&cauthor_id=38953354" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Ge Jin">Ge Jin</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA." href="#short-view-affiliation-1" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 1 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Fukushima+K&cauthor_id=38953354" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Koji Fukushima">Koji Fukushima</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="SymBio Pharmaceuticals Limited, Toranomon, Minato, Tokyo, Japan." href="#short-view-affiliation-2" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 2 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Hazama+M&cauthor_id=38953354" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Masatoshi Hazama">Masatoshi Hazama</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="SymBio Pharmaceuticals Limited, Toranomon, Minato, Tokyo, Japan." href="#short-view-affiliation-2" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 2 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Lukacher+AE&cauthor_id=38953354" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Aron E Lukacher">Aron E Lukacher</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA." href="#short-view-affiliation-1" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 1 </a></sup><span class="comma">, </span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Lauver+MD&cauthor_id=38953354" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Matthew D Lauver">Matthew D Lauver</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator"> </span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA." href="#short-view-affiliation-1" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 1 </a></sup></span> </div> </div> <div class="affiliations"> <h3 class="title"> Affiliations </h3> <ul class="item-list"> <li data-affiliation-id="short-view-affiliation-1" id="short-view-affiliation-1" ><sup class="key">1</sup> Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="short-view-affiliation-2" id="short-view-affiliation-2" ><sup class="key">2</sup> SymBio Pharmaceuticals Limited, Toranomon, Minato, Tokyo, Japan.</li> </ul> </div> </div> <ul class="identifiers" id="short-view-identifiers"> <li> <span class="identifier pubmed"> <span class="id-label"> PMID: </span> <strong class="current-id" title="PubMed ID">38953354</strong> </span> </li> <li> <span class="identifier pmc"> <span class="id-label"> PMCID: </span> <a class="id-link" target="_blank" rel="noopener" ref="linksrc=article_id_link&article_id=PMC11323531&id_type=PMC" href="https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11323531/" data-ga-category="full_text" data-ga-action="PMCID" > PMC11323531 </a> </span> </li> <li> <span class="identifier doi"> <span class="id-label"> DOI: </span> <a class="id-link" target="_blank" rel="noopener" ref="linksrc=article_id_link&article_id=10.1128/mbio.01049-24&id_type=DOI" href="https://doi.org/10.1128/mbio.01049-24" data-ga-category="full_text" data-ga-action="DOI" > 10.1128/mbio.01049-24 </a> </span> </li> </ul> <div class="in-clipboard-label " hidden> Item in Clipboard </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="actions-buttons inline"><div class="inner-wrap"><button class="full-text-links-button full-text-links-dialog-trigger" title="Open dialog with full text links" ref="linksrc=full_text_links"> Full text links </button><button class="citation-button citation-dialog-trigger" aria-label="Open dialog with citation text in different styles" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="cite" data-ga-label="open" data-all-citations-url="/38953354/citations/" data-citation-style="nlm" data-pubmed-format-link="/38953354/export/"><span class="button-label">Cite</span></button><button class="more-actions-button more-actions-dialog-trigger" title="Open dialog with more actions to take" ref="linksrc=more_actions_btn"></button><div class="display-options" data-format-key="format" data-default-format-value="abstract" data-current-format-value="abstract" role="region"><button class="trigger usa-button" title="Change format" data-ga-category="display_options" data-ga-action="display_options_dialog"><span class="button-label">Display options</span></button><div class="dropdown" hidden><div class="title"> Display options </div><div class="content"><div class="format-container"><span class="option-label"> Format </span><select name="format" data-initial-value="abstract" aria-label="Display format" id="inline-actions-display-format"><option value="abstract">Abstract</option><option value="pubmed">PubMed</option><option value="pmid">PMID</option></select></div></div></div></div></div></div> <div class="abstract" id="abstract"> <h2 class="title"> Abstract </h2> <div class="abstract-content selected" id="eng-abstract"> <p> Polyomaviruses are species-specific DNA viruses that can cause disease in immunocompromised individuals. Despite their role as the causative agents for several diseases, there are no currently approved antivirals for treating polyomavirus infection. Brincidofovir (BCV) is an antiviral approved for the treatment of poxvirus infections and has shown activity against other double-stranded DNA viruses. In this study, we tested the efficacy of BCV against polyomavirus infection <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> using mouse polyomavirus (MuPyV). BCV inhibited virus production in primary mouse kidney cells and brain cortical cells. BCV treatment of cells transfected with MuPyV genomic DNA resulted in a reduction in virus levels, indicating that viral inhibition occurs post-entry. Although <i>in vitro</i> BCV treatment had a limited effect on viral DNA and RNA levels, drug treatment was associated with a reduction in viral protein, raising the possibility that BCV acts post-transcriptionally to inhibit MuPyV infection. In mice, BCV treatment was well tolerated, and prophylactic treatment resulted in a reduction in viral DNA levels and a potent suppression of infectious virus production in the kidney and brain. In mice with chronic polyomavirus infection, therapeutic administration of BCV decreased viremia and reduced infection in the kidney. These data demonstrate that BCV exerts antiviral activity against polyomavirus infection <i>in vivo</i>, supporting further investigation into the use of BCV to treat clinical polyomavirus infections. </p> <p> <strong class="sub-title"> Importance: </strong> Widespread in the human population and able to persist asymptomatically for the life of an individual, polyomavirus infections cause a significant disease burden in the immunocompromised. Individuals undergoing immune suppression, such as kidney transplant patients or those treated for autoimmune diseases, are particularly at high risk for polyomavirus-associated diseases. Because no antiviral agent exists for treating polyomavirus infections, management of polyomavirus-associated diseases typically involves reducing or discontinuing immunomodulatory therapy. This can be perilous due to the risk of transplant rejection and the potential development of adverse immune reactions. Thus, there is a pressing need for the development of antivirals targeting polyomaviruses. Here, we investigate the effects of brincidofovir, an FDA-approved antiviral, on polyomavirus infection <i>in vivo</i> using mouse polyomavirus. We show that the drug is well-tolerated in mice, reduces infectious viral titers, and limits viral pathology, indicating the potential of brincidofovir as an anti-polyomavirus therapeutic. </p> </div> <p> <strong class="sub-title"> Keywords: </strong> antiviral agents; brain; brincidofovir; kidney; polyomavirus. </p> </div> <p class="disclaimer" id="disclaimer"> <a href="/disclaimer/" target="_blank" ga_category="literature_resources" ga_action="disclaimer_link" ga_label="under_abstract">PubMed Disclaimer</a> </p> <div class="conflict-of-interest" id="conflict-of-interest"> <h2 class="title"> Conflict of interest statement </h2> <div class="statement"> <p xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:p1="http://pubmed.gov/pub-one">K.F. and M.H. are employees of Symbio, which owns the license to BCV.</p> </div> </div> <div class="figures" id="figures"> <h2 class="title"> Figures </h2> <div class="figures-list" id="slides-container" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageGallery"> <figure class="figure-item " itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="associatedMedia" data-slide-index="0" data-label-slug="fig-1"> <a class="figure-link" href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/01bd/11323531/2f4273d655fd/mbio.01049-24.f001.jpg" itemprop="contentUrl" aria-describedby="figure-caption-0" role="button" data-image-width="727" data-image-height="496" data-image-alt="Fig 1" data-pmc-id="PMC11323531" data-figure-id="F1"> <img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail" id="article-image-0" src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/01bd/11323531/95d334a0a448/mbio.01049-24.f001.gif" alt="Fig 1" /> </a> <meta itemprop="width" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="727"> <meta itemprop="height" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="496"> <div class="figure-caption figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="caption" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="caption-wrap"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> Fig 1 </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> BCV inhibits MuPyV in primary… </p></div> </div> </div> <div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> Fig 1 </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> BCV inhibits MuPyV in primary renal and cortical cells. ( <b> A </b> ) Cell… </p></div> </div> <figcaption id="figure-caption-0" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description"> <strong class="figure-label"> Fig 1 </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents">BCV inhibits MuPyV in primary renal and cortical cells. (<b>A</b>) Cell viability in AMK cells after 84 hours of BCV treatment. Data are from three independent experiments (<i>n</i> = 18). (<b>B</b>) Dose-response curve of viral inhibition in AMK cells. Cells were pretreated with BCV for 24 hours and then infected at a multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 0.1. Viral titers were measured at 60 hpi by plaque assay and normalized to viral titers in untreated cells. Data are from three independent experiments (<i>n</i> = 7). (<b>C</b>) Cell viability in primary cortical cells after 84 hours of BCV treatment. Data are from two independent experiments (<i>n</i> = 12). (<b>D</b>) Dose-response curve of viral inhibition in primary cortical cells. Cells were pretreated with BCV for 24 hours and then infected at an MOI of 0.1. Viral titers were measured at 60 hpi and normalized to viral titers in untreated cells. Data are from three independent experiments (<i>n</i> = 6).</div> </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="figure-item " itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="associatedMedia" data-slide-index="1" data-label-slug="fig-2"> <a class="figure-link" href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/01bd/11323531/b6bae6dcd593/mbio.01049-24.f002.jpg" itemprop="contentUrl" aria-describedby="figure-caption-1" role="button" data-image-width="755" data-image-height="817" data-image-alt="Fig 2" data-pmc-id="PMC11323531" data-figure-id="F2"> <img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail" id="article-image-1" src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/01bd/11323531/5071ee7ca357/mbio.01049-24.f002.gif" alt="Fig 2" /> </a> <meta itemprop="width" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="755"> <meta itemprop="height" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="817"> <div class="figure-caption figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="caption" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="caption-wrap"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> Fig 2 </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> BCV inhibits MuPyV post-entry but… </p></div> </div> </div> <div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> Fig 2 </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> BCV inhibits MuPyV post-entry but does not inhibit viral DNA or RNA production.… </p></div> </div> <figcaption id="figure-caption-1" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description"> <strong class="figure-label"> Fig 2 </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents">BCV inhibits MuPyV post-entry but does not inhibit viral DNA or RNA production. (<b>A</b>) Effect of BCV addition at different time points on virus production. AMK cells were infected at an MOI of 0.1, and BCV was added to the media at the indicated time points. Virus production was assessed at 60 hpi by plaque assay and normalized to untreated cells. Data are from five independent repeats (<i>n</i> = 15). (<b>B</b>) Effect of BCV on virus production after viral genome transfection. AMK cells were pretreated with BCV for 24 hours, transfected with viral DNA, and returned to BCV-containing media. Viral lysates were collected at 60 hours post-transfection and titered by plaque assay. Data are from two independent repeats (<i>n</i> = 6). (<b>C</b>) Effect of BCV on virus production throughout infection. AMK cells were pretreated with BCV, infected at an MOI of 0.1, and returned to BCV-containing media. Cell lysates were collected at the indicated time points, and virus production was assessed. Data are from two independent experiments (<i>n</i> = 6). (<b>D and E</b>) Effect of BCV on viral DNA and RNA production. AMK cells were treated as in panel <b>C</b>, and viral DNA (<b>D</b>) and RNA (<b>E</b>) were quantified at the indicated time points. Data are from two independent experiments (<i>n</i> = 6). (<b>F–I</b>) Effect of BCV on cortical cells. (<b>F</b>) Effect of BCV addition at different time points on virus production. Cortical cells were infected with an MOI of 0.1, and BCV was added to the media at the indicated time points. Virus production was assessed at 60 hpi by plaque assay and normalized to untreated cells. Data are from two independent repeats (<i>n</i> = 5). (<b>G</b>) Effect of BCV on virus production throughout infection. Cortical cells were pretreated with BCV, infected at an MOI of 0.1, and returned to BCV-containing media. Cell lysates were collected at the indicated time points and virus production was assessed. Data are from two independent experiments (<i>n</i> = 9). (<b>H and I</b>) Effect of BCV on viral DNA and RNA production. Cortical cells were treated as in panel <b>G</b>, and viral DNA (<b>H</b>) and RNA (<b>I</b>) were quantified at the indicated time points. Data are from two independent experiments (<i>n</i> = 7–9). Data were analyzed by the Mann-Whitney test (<b>B</b>).</div> </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="figure-item " itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="associatedMedia" data-slide-index="2" data-label-slug="fig-3"> <a class="figure-link" href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/01bd/11323531/f7d79ad8e00d/mbio.01049-24.f003.jpg" itemprop="contentUrl" aria-describedby="figure-caption-2" role="button" data-image-width="794" data-image-height="816" data-image-alt="Fig 3" data-pmc-id="PMC11323531" data-figure-id="F3"> <img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail" id="article-image-2" src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/01bd/11323531/aca315672122/mbio.01049-24.f003.gif" alt="Fig 3" /> </a> <meta itemprop="width" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="794"> <meta itemprop="height" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="816"> <div class="figure-caption figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="caption" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="caption-wrap"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> Fig 3 </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> BCV reduces MuPyV large T… </p></div> </div> </div> <div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> Fig 3 </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> BCV reduces MuPyV large T antigen levels. ( <b> A </b> ) Western blot for… </p></div> </div> <figcaption id="figure-caption-2" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description"> <strong class="figure-label"> Fig 3 </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents">BCV reduces MuPyV large T antigen levels. (<b>A</b>) Western blot for LT antigen. AMK cells were pretreated with BCV, infected at an MOI of 0.1, and returned to BCV-containing media. Cell lysates were collected at the indicated time points, and protein levels were assessed. Data are representative of two independent experiments. (<b>B and C</b>) Analysis of T Ag and VP1 protein levels. AMK cells were pretreated with BCV, infected at an MOI of 0.1, and returned to BCV-containing media. Cells were trypsinized at 24 hpi and stained for T Ag and VP1. Protein expression was quantified by flow cytometry. (B, left) Representative plots of T Ag and VP1 expression in uninfected cells or infected cells treated with 0 or 6 µM of BCV. (B, right) Frequency of T ag<sup>+</sup>VP1<sup>+</sup> cells. Data are from two independent experiments (<i>n</i> = 8–11). (C, top) Representative histogram of T Ag expression. (C, bottom) Levels of T Ag expression in the T ag<sup>+</sup> cells. Data are from two independent experiments (<i>n</i> = 8–11). Data were analyzed by the Mann-Whitney test (<b>B and C</b>).</div> </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="figure-item " itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="associatedMedia" data-slide-index="3" data-label-slug="fig-4"> <a class="figure-link" href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/01bd/11323531/3971d381ff88/mbio.01049-24.f004.jpg" itemprop="contentUrl" aria-describedby="figure-caption-3" role="button" data-image-width="652" data-image-height="497" data-image-alt="Fig 4" data-pmc-id="PMC11323531" data-figure-id="F4"> <img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail" id="article-image-3" src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/01bd/11323531/aafe1c1e13d6/mbio.01049-24.f004.gif" alt="Fig 4" /> </a> <meta itemprop="width" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="652"> <meta itemprop="height" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="497"> <div class="figure-caption figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="caption" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="caption-wrap"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> Fig 4 </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><i> In vivo </i> tolerability of BCV.…</div> </div> </div> <div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> Fig 4 </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><i> In vivo </i> tolerability of BCV. ( <b> A </b> ) Schematic of BCV tolerability analysis.…</div> </div> <figcaption id="figure-caption-3" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description"> <strong class="figure-label"> Fig 4 </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><i>In vivo</i> tolerability of BCV. (<b>A</b>) Schematic of BCV tolerability analysis. Mice received two doses of BCV a week for 3 weeks and were weighed every 2 days. After 20 days, mice were euthanized, and serum was collected for the analysis of ALT, AST, and BUN levels. (<b>B</b>) Weights of mice treated biweekly with the indicated doses of BCV for 3 weeks. (<b>C</b>) Serum ALT (left), AST (center), and BUN (right) levels in the mice after 3 weeks of BCV treatment. (<b>D</b>) Schematic of extended BCV tolerability analysis. Mice received BCV treatments as in panel <b>A</b> and were followed until 40 days after BCV initiation. Serum was collected at days 20 and 40. (<b>E</b>) Weights of mice treated biweekly with the indicated doses of BCV for 3 weeks. (<b>F</b>) Serum ALT (left) and total bilirubin (right) at day 20. (<b>G</b>) Serum ALT, total bilirubin, AST, and BUN at day 40. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA (<b>C</b>), unpaired <i>t</i> test: (F) ALT and (G) ALT/AST/BUN, or Mann-Whitney test: (F) bilirubin and (G) bilirubin. Data are from two independent experiments (<i>n</i> = 8–10).</div> </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="figure-item " itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="associatedMedia" data-slide-index="4" data-label-slug="fig-5"> <a class="figure-link" href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/01bd/11323531/b536124c5e41/mbio.01049-24.f005.jpg" itemprop="contentUrl" aria-describedby="figure-caption-4" role="button" data-image-width="662" data-image-height="853" data-image-alt="Fig 5" data-pmc-id="PMC11323531" data-figure-id="F5"> <img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail" id="article-image-4" src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/01bd/11323531/9ee3e7862d21/mbio.01049-24.f005.gif" alt="Fig 5" /> </a> <meta itemprop="width" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="662"> <meta itemprop="height" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="853"> <div class="figure-caption figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="caption" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="caption-wrap"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> Fig 5 </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> BCV treatment limits MuPyV kidney… </p></div> </div> </div> <div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> Fig 5 </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> BCV treatment limits MuPyV kidney and brain infection. ( <b> A </b> ) Schematic of… </p></div> </div> <figcaption id="figure-caption-4" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description"> <strong class="figure-label"> Fig 5 </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents">BCV treatment limits MuPyV kidney and brain infection. (<b>A</b>) Schematic of acute infection experiments with BCV treatment. Mice received BCV on days −1 and 1 and were infected with MuPyV either i.p. or i.c. on day 0. Mice were euthanized on day 4, and virus levels were assessed. Virus levels were quantified by qPCR for viral genomes or by plaque assay. (<b>B</b>) Kidney virus levels in i.p.-infected mice. Data are from four independent experiments (<i>n</i> = 10–15). (<b>C</b>) Spleen virus levels in i.p.-infected mice. Data are from four independent experiments (<i>n</i> = 11–15). (<b>D</b>) Brain virus levels in i.c.-infected mice. Data are from three independent experiments (<i>n</i> = 13–14). (<b>E</b>) GFAP and VP1 immunofluorescence staining of brain sections from vehicle- or 20 mg/kg BCV-treated mice. Left: representative images of brain regions with infected VP1<sup>+</sup> cells. Right: quantification of the frequency of VP1<sup>+</sup> cells. Data shown are the average number of VP1<sup>+</sup> cells in two sections from different brain regions per mouse. Data are from two independent experiments (<i>n</i> = 11–13). Data were analyzed by Brown-Forsythe and Welch ANOVA tests (B–D) or Mann-Whitney test (<b>E</b>).</div> </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="figure-item " itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="associatedMedia" data-slide-index="5" data-label-slug="fig-6"> <a class="figure-link" href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/01bd/11323531/24d97df0570a/mbio.01049-24.f006.jpg" itemprop="contentUrl" aria-describedby="figure-caption-5" role="button" data-image-width="704" data-image-height="748" data-image-alt="Fig 6" data-pmc-id="PMC11323531" data-figure-id="F6"> <img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail" id="article-image-5" src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/01bd/11323531/e9ba8fff3028/mbio.01049-24.f006.gif" alt="Fig 6" /> </a> <meta itemprop="width" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="704"> <meta itemprop="height" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="748"> <div class="figure-caption figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="caption" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="caption-wrap"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> Fig 6 </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> BCV reduces viral burden and… </p></div> </div> </div> <div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> Fig 6 </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> BCV reduces viral burden and limits kidney pathology during chronic infection. (A) µMT… </p></div> </div> <figcaption id="figure-caption-5" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description"> <strong class="figure-label"> Fig 6 </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents">BCV reduces viral burden and limits kidney pathology during chronic infection. (A) µMT mice were infected with MuPyV, and viral load in the blood was measured weekly by plaque assay. Starting at 7 dpi, mice received biweekly injections of 0 or 20 mg BCV/kg of body weight. At 27 dpi, mice were euthanized, and virus levels in the spleen and kidney were quantified. (B) Blood was collected weekly, and virus titers were quantified by plaque assay. The dashed line indicates the start of BCV administration. Data are from three independent experiments (<i>n</i> = 12–14). (C) Viral load in the kidney quantified by qPCR for viral DNA (left) or plaque assay (right). Data are from three independent experiments (<i>n</i> = 12–14). (D) Viral load in the spleen quantified by qPCR (left) or plaque assay (right). Data are from three independent experiments (<i>n</i> = 12–14). (E) Sites of virus infection in the kidneys of vehicle- or BCV-treated µMT mice. Left: sites of virus infection in the kidney identified by VP1 immunofluorescence. Right: quantification of the number of VP1<sup>+</sup> tubules per kidney section. Data are from three independent experiments (<i>n</i> = 12–14). Data were analyzed by two-way ANOVA (B) or Mann-Whitney test (C–E).</div> </figcaption> </figure> </div>  <div class="pswp figures-dialog" id="figures-dialog" tabindex="-1" role="dialog" aria-hidden="true" data-image-gallery-uid="article-figures" aria-label="Figures Dialog">  <div class="pswp__bg"></div>  <div class="pswp__scroll-wrap">  <div class="pswp__container"> <div class="pswp__item"></div> <div class="pswp__item"></div> <div class="pswp__item"></div> </div>  <div class="pswp__ui pswp__ui--hidden"> <div class="pswp__top-bar">  <div class="pswp__counter"></div> <button class="pswp__button pswp__button--close" title="Close (Esc)"></button> <button class="pswp__button pswp__button--share" title="Share"></button> <button class="pswp__button pswp__button--fs" title="Toggle fullscreen"></button> <button class="pswp__button pswp__button--zoom" title="Zoom in/out"></button>   <div class="pswp__preloader"> <div class="pswp__preloader__icn"> <div class="pswp__preloader__cut"> <div class="pswp__preloader__donut"></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="pswp__share-modal pswp__share-modal--hidden pswp__single-tap"> <div class="pswp__share-tooltip"></div> </div> <button class="pswp__button pswp__button--arrow--left" title="Previous (arrow left)"> </button> <button class="pswp__button pswp__button--arrow--right" title="Next (arrow right)"> </button> <div class="pswp__caption"> <div class="pswp__caption__center"></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="figure-dialog-caption"> <div class="figure-caption-link-container"> <a class="figure-caption-link" href="#">See this image and copyright information in PMC</a> </div> <div class="figure-caption-center" data-expand-title="click to show full caption" data-collapse-title="click to hide full caption"> </div> <button class="figure-caption-toggle-btn" aria-label="show full caption" data-expand-text="show full caption" data-collapse-text="hide full caption">  </button> </div> </div> <div class="similar-articles" id="similar"> <h2 class="title"> Similar articles </h2> <ul class="articles-list" id="similar-articles-list"> <li class="full-docsum"> <div class="docsum-content" style="display:inline;"> <a class="docsum-title" href="/33536322/" ref="article_id=33536322&linksrc=similar_articles_link&ordinalpos=1" data-ga-category="similar_article" data-ga-action="33536322" data-ga-label=""> Pharmacokinetics and Efficacy of a Potential Smallpox Therapeutic, Brincidofovir, in a Lethal Monkeypox Virus Animal Model. </a> <div class="docsum-citation full-citation"> <span class="docsum-authors full-authors">Hutson CL, Kondas AV, Mauldin MR, Doty JB, Grossi IM, Morgan CN, Ostergaard SD, Hughes CM, Nakazawa Y, Kling C, Martin BE, Ellison JA, Carroll DS, Gallardo-Romero NF, Olson VA.</span> <span class="docsum-authors short-authors">Hutson CL, et al.</span> <span class="docsum-journal-citation full-journal-citation">mSphere. 2021 Feb 3;6(1):e00927-20. doi: 10.1128/mSphere.00927-20.</span> <span class="docsum-journal-citation short-journal-citation">mSphere. 2021.</span> <span class="citation-part">PMID: <span class="docsum-pmid">33536322</span></span> <span class="free-resources spaced-citation-item citation-part">Free PMC article.</span> </div> </div> </li> <li class="full-docsum"> <div class="docsum-content" style="display:inline;"> <a class="docsum-title" href="/28039021/" ref="article_id=28039021&linksrc=similar_articles_link&ordinalpos=2" data-ga-category="similar_article" data-ga-action="28039021" data-ga-label=""> Buccal viral DNA as a trigger for brincidofovir therapy in the mousepox model of smallpox. </a> <div class="docsum-citation full-citation"> <span class="docsum-authors full-authors">Crump R, Korom M, Buller RM, Parker S.</span> <span class="docsum-authors short-authors">Crump R, et al.</span> <span class="docsum-journal-citation full-journal-citation">Antiviral Res. 2017 Mar;139:112-116. doi: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2016.12.015. 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PLoS ONE 13:e0206273. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0206273 - <a class="reference-link" href="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0206273" ref="linksrc=references_link&ordinalpos=1" data-ga-category="reference" data-ga-action="10.1371/journal.pone.0206273" > DOI </a> - <a class="reference-link" href="https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6198985/" ref="linksrc=references_link&ordinalpos=2" data-ga-category="reference" data-ga-action="PMC6198985" > PMC </a> - <a class="reference-link" href="/30352098/" ref="linksrc=references_link&ordinalpos=3" data-ga-category="reference" data-ga-action="30352098" > PubMed </a> </li> </ol> </li> </ol> <div class="actions-bar"> <button class="show-all" ref="linksrc=show_all_references_link" aria-controls="top-references-list-1" data-next-page-url="/38953354/references/" data-ga-category="reference" data-ga-action="show_more" > Show all 84 references </button> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="mesh-terms" class="mesh-terms keywords-section"> <h2 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data-search-term=""Mice"[MeSH]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="add_to_search" data-ga-label=""Mice"[MeSH]" href="#"> Add to Search </a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link" aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Mice, Inbred C57BL" tabindex="0" aria-controls="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-14" aria-expanded="false" data-pinger-ignore> Mice, Inbred C57BL </button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-14" class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container" hidden aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Mice, Inbred C57BL"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link" href="/?term=%22Mice%2C+Inbred+C57BL%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" data-href="/?term=%22Mice%2C+Inbred+C57BL%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" 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ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link" role="button" data-search-term=""Organophosphonates/therapeutic use"[MAJR]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="add_to_search" data-ga-label=""Organophosphonates/therapeutic use"[MAJR]" href="#"> Add to Search </a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link major" aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Polyomavirus Infections* / drug therapy" tabindex="0" aria-controls="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-major-17" aria-expanded="false" data-pinger-ignore> Polyomavirus Infections* / drug therapy </button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-major-17" class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container" hidden aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Polyomavirus Infections* / drug therapy"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link" 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therapy"[MAJR]" href="#"> Add to Search </a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link major" aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Polyomavirus Infections* / virology" tabindex="0" aria-controls="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-major-18" aria-expanded="false" data-pinger-ignore> Polyomavirus Infections* / virology </button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-major-18" class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container" hidden aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Polyomavirus Infections* / virology"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link" href="/?term=%22Polyomavirus+Infections%2Fvirology%22%5BMAJR%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" data-href="/?term=%22Polyomavirus+Infections%2Fvirology%22%5BMAJR%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" 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menu for keyword Polyomavirus* / drug effects" tabindex="0" aria-controls="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-major-19" aria-expanded="false" data-pinger-ignore> Polyomavirus* / drug effects </button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-major-19" class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container" hidden aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Polyomavirus* / drug effects"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link" href="/?term=%22Polyomavirus%2Fdrug+effects%22%5BMAJR%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" data-href="/?term=%22Polyomavirus%2Fdrug+effects%22%5BMAJR%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&mesh="Polyomavirus/drug effects"[MAJR]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="mesh_term" data-ga-label="Polyomavirus* / drug effects"> Search in PubMed </a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Polyomavirus" data-ga-category="search_mesh" data-ga-action="mesh_term_link" data-ga-label="Polyomavirus* / drug effects"> Search in MeSH </a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link" role="button" data-search-term=""Polyomavirus/drug effects"[MAJR]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="add_to_search" data-ga-label=""Polyomavirus/drug effects"[MAJR]" href="#"> Add to Search </a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link" aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Virus Replication / drug effects" tabindex="0" aria-controls="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-20" aria-expanded="false" data-pinger-ignore> Virus Replication / drug effects </button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-20" class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container" hidden aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Virus Replication / drug effects"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link" href="/?term=%22Virus+Replication%2Fdrug+effects%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" data-href="/?term=%22Virus+Replication%2Fdrug+effects%22%5BMeSH%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&mesh="Virus Replication/drug effects"[MeSH]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="mesh_term" data-ga-label="Virus Replication / drug effects"> Search in PubMed </a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Virus+Replication" data-ga-category="search_mesh" data-ga-action="mesh_term_link" data-ga-label="Virus Replication / drug effects"> Search in MeSH </a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link" role="button" data-search-term=""Virus Replication/drug effects"[MeSH]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="add_to_search" data-ga-label=""Virus Replication/drug effects"[MeSH]" href="#"> Add to Search </a></li></ul></div></div></div></li></ul> </div> <div id="substances" class="substances keywords-section"> <h2 class="title"> Substances </h2> <ul class="keywords-list"><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link" aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword brincidofovir" tabindex="0" aria-controls="keyword-actions-substances-0" aria-expanded="false" data-pinger-ignore> brincidofovir </button><div id="keyword-actions-substances-0" class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container" hidden aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword brincidofovir"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link" href="/?term=%22brincidofovir%22%5Bnm%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" data-href="/?term=%22brincidofovir%22%5Bnm%5D&sort=date&sort_order=desc" ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&keyword="brincidofovir"[nm]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="substance" data-ga-label="brincidofovir"> Search in PubMed </a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=%22brincidofovir%22" data-ga-category="search_mesh" data-ga-action="substance_link" data-ga-label="brincidofovir"> Search in MeSH </a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link" role="button" data-search-term=""brincidofovir"[nm]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="add_to_search" data-ga-label=""brincidofovir"[nm]" href="#"> Add to Search </a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link" 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Brincidofovir inhibits polyomavirus infection in vivo - PubMed