CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-disabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-disabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="io" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Kazakstan: Diferi inter la revizi - Wikipedio</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-disabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-disabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )iowikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":[",\t."," \t,"],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""], "wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy","wgMonthNames":["","di januaro","di februaro","di marto","di aprilo","di mayo","di junio","di julio","di agosto","di septembro","di oktobro","di novembro","di decembro"],"wgRequestId":"639e050f-1cbd-46c5-8792-c789bf79be44","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Kazakstan","wgTitle":"Kazakstan","wgCurRevisionId":1056669,"wgRevisionId":1021936,"wgArticleId":17252,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Pagini kun ligili a neexistanta pagini","Kazakstan","Central Azia"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"io","wgPageContentLanguage":"io","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Kazakstan","wgRelevantArticleId":17252,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":true,"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true, "wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"io","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"io"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":true,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":10000,"extRevisionSliderTimeOffset":0,"wgDiffOldId":1021935,"wgDiffNewId":1021936,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q232","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={ "ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.visualEditor.diffPage.init.styles":"ready","oojs-ui.styles.icons-accessibility":"ready","oojs-ui.styles.icons-editing-advanced":"ready","oojs-ui-core.styles":"ready","oojs-ui.styles.indicators":"ready","mediawiki.widgets.styles":"ready","oojs-ui-core.icons":"ready","ext.RevisionSlider.lazyCss":"ready","mediawiki.interface.helpers.styles":"ready","mediawiki.diff.styles":"ready","ext.cite.styles":"ready","mediawiki.helplink":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.visualEditor.diffPage.init","ext.RevisionSlider.lazyJs","mediawiki.diff", "ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=io&modules=ext.RevisionSlider.lazyCss%7Cext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.visualEditor.diffPage.init.styles%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cmediawiki.diff.styles%7Cmediawiki.helplink%7Cmediawiki.interface.helpers.styles%7Cmediawiki.widgets.styles%7Coojs-ui-core.icons%2Cstyles%7Coojs-ui.styles.icons-accessibility%2Cicons-editing-advanced%2Cindicators%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=io&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=io&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow,max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/1200px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="600"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/800px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="400"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/640px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="320"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Kazakstan: Diferi inter la revizi - Wikipedio"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//io.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakstan"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Redaktar" href="/w/index.php?title=Kazakstan&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedio (io)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//io.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakstan"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.io"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedio Atom Provizajo" href="/w/index.php?title=Specala:RecentaChanji&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="mw-article-diff skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Kazakstan rootpage-Kazakstan skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Irez a kontenajo</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Retopagino"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Chef-menuo" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Chef-menuo</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Chef-menuo</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">movar a latera panelo</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">celez</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigado </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Frontispico" title="Vizitez la chefpagino [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Chefpagino</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedio:Komuneso-portalo" title="Pri la projeto, quon vu facus, ube trovus utilaji"><span>Portalo di la komunitato</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedio:Aktualaji" title="Trovez informi pri nuna eventi"><span>Aktualajo</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Specala:RecentaChanji" title="Listo di recenta chanji en la wiki. [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recenta chanji</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Specala:HazardaPagino" title="Vizitez hazarda pagino [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Pagino hazarde</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedio:Helpo" title="La loko por trovar ulo."><span>Helpo</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Frontispico" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedio" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-io.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.1875em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="La Libera Enciklopedio" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-io.svg" width="120" height="13" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Specala:Serchar" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Serchar en Wikipedio [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Serchuro</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Serchez en Wikipedio" aria-label="Serchez en Wikipedio" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Serchar en Wikipedio [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Specala:Serchar"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Serchez</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personala utensili"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Aspekto"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Aspekto" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Aspekto</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_io.wikipedia.org&uselang=io" class=""><span>Donacaji</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Specala:KrearKonto&returnto=Kazakstan&returntoquery=diff%3Dprev%26oldid%3D1021936" title="Vu stimulesas a krear konto e facar "log in". Tamen, to ne esas obliganta" class=""><span>Krear konto</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Specala:Enirar&returnto=Kazakstan&returntoquery=diff%3Dprev%26oldid%3D1021936" title="Vu darfas enirar uzante vua pas-vorto, ma lo ne esas preskriptata. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Enirar</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Plusa selekti" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personala utensili" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personala utensili</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal" title="Uzero-menuo" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_io.wikipedia.org&uselang=io"><span>Donacaji</span></a></li><li id="pt-contribute" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Specala:Contribute"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit"></span> <span>Kontributar</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Specala:KrearKonto&returnto=Kazakstan&returntoquery=diff%3Dprev%26oldid%3D1021936" title="Vu stimulesas a krear konto e facar "log in". Tamen, to ne esas obliganta"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Krear konto</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Specala:Enirar&returnto=Kazakstan&returntoquery=diff%3Dprev%26oldid%3D1021936" title="Vu darfas enirar uzante vua pas-vorto, ma lo ne esas preskriptata. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Enirar</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pagini por redakteri neenrejistrita <a href="/wiki/Helpo:Enkonduko" aria-label="Savez pluse pri quale redaktar"><span>lernez pluse</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Specala:MeaDiskuti" title="Diskuto pri redakti de ca IP-adreso [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Debatar per ca IP-adreso</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Retopagino"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Kontenajo" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Kontenajo</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">movar a latera panelo</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">celez</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Komenco dil artiklo</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Historio" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historio"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Historio</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Historio-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Politiko" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Politiko"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Politiko</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Politiko-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geografio" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geografio"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Geografio</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Geografio-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ekonomio" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ekonomio"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Ekonomio</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ekonomio-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demografio" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demografio"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Demografio</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Demografio-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kulturo" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kulturo"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Kulturo</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kulturo-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Referi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Kontenajo" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Ŝaltu la enhavtabelon" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Ŝaltu la enhavtabelon</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Kazakstan: Diferi inter la revizi</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Iru al artikolo en alia lingvo. Havebla en 277 lingvo" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-277" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">277 Lingui</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%9E%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D2%AD%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Ҟазахсҭан — abĥaza" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Ҟазахсҭан" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="abĥaza" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan — aĉea" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Kazakhstan" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="aĉea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Acèh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ady mw-list-item"><a href="https://ady.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Казахстан — adigea" lang="ady" hreflang="ady" data-title="Казахстан" data-language-autonym="Адыгабзэ" data-language-local-name="adigea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгабзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikli di qualeso"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kasakstan" title="Kasakstan — afrikansa" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Kasakstan" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikansa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kasachstan" title="Kasachstan — svisgermana" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Kasachstan" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="svisgermana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-alt mw-list-item"><a href="https://alt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Казахстан — sud-altaja" lang="alt" hreflang="alt" data-title="Казахстан" data-language-autonym="Алтай тил" data-language-local-name="sud-altaja" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Алтай тил</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8A%AB%E1%8B%9B%E1%8A%AD%E1%88%B5%E1%89%B3%E1%8A%95" title="ካዛክስታን — amhara" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ካዛክስታን" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amhara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ami mw-list-item"><a href="https://ami.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan — Amis" lang="ami" hreflang="ami" data-title="Kazakhstan" data-language-autonym="Pangcah" data-language-local-name="Amis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pangcah</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cazaquist%C3%A1n" title="Cazaquistán — aragona" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Cazaquistán" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casahstan" title="Casahstan — Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Casahstan" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="कजाकिस्तान — angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="कजाकिस्तान" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="كازاخستان — araba" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="كازاخستان" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="araba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%A9%DC%99%DC%A9%DC%A3%DC%9B%DC%90%DC%A2" title="ܩܙܩܣܛܐܢ — Aramaic" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܩܙܩܣܛܐܢ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="Aramaic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="كازاخستان — Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="كازاخستان" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="كازاخستان — Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="كازاخستان" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%96%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8" title="কাজাখাস্তান — asama" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="কাজাখাস্তান" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="asama" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakst%C3%A1n" title="Kazakstán — asturia" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Kazakstán" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%8A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%8A%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Хъазахъистан — avara" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Хъазахъистан" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="avara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%96%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="कजाख्स्तान — avadhia" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="कजाख्स्तान" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="avadhia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qasaq_suyu" title="Qasaq suyu — ajmara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Qasaq suyu" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="ajmara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qazax%C4%B1stan" title="Qazaxıstan — azerbajĝana" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Qazaxıstan" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbajĝana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%AE%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="قازاخیستان — South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="قازاخیستان" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%A0%D0%B0%D2%99%D0%B0%D2%93%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Ҡаҙағстан — baŝkira" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Ҡаҙағстан" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="baŝkira" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan — balia" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Kazakhstan" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="balia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kasachstan" title="Kasachstan — Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Kasachstan" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakstans" title="Kazakstans — Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Kazakstans" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bbc mw-list-item"><a href="https://bbc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kasakhstan" title="Kasakhstan — Batak Toba" lang="bbc" hreflang="bbc" data-title="Kasakhstan" data-language-autonym="Batak Toba" data-language-local-name="Batak Toba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Toba</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kasahistan" title="Kasahistan — Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Kasahistan" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Казахстан — belorusa" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Казахстан" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belorusa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Казахстан — Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Казахстан" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kasakstan" title="Kasakstan — Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Kasakstan" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Казахстан — bulgara" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Казахстан" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="कजाकिस्तान — Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="कजाकिस्तान" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kasakstan" title="Kasakstan — bislamo" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="Kasakstan" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="bislamo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bislama</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan — Banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Kazakhstan" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="Banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Banjar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%96%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8" title="কাজাখস্তান — bengala" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="কাজাখস্তান" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%80%E0%BD%9F%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%80%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A6%E0%BE%9F%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8D" title="ཀཟ་ཀ་སྟན། — tibeta" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ཀཟ་ཀ་སྟན།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="tibeta" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%96%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8" title="কাজাখস্তান — Bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="কাজাখস্তান" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="Bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakstan" title="Kazakstan — bretona" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Kazakstan" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazahstan" title="Kazahstan — bosna" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Kazahstan" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosna" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bug mw-list-item"><a href="https://bug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%A8%80%E1%A8%8D%E1%A8%80%E1%A8%94%E1%A8%88%E1%A8%8A" title="ᨀᨍᨀᨔᨈᨊ — buĝia" lang="bug" hreflang="bug" data-title="ᨀᨍᨀᨔᨈᨊ" data-language-autonym="Basa Ugi" data-language-local-name="buĝia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Ugi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Казахстан — Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Казахстан" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan — kataluna" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Kazakhstan" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="kataluna" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cbk-zam mw-list-item"><a href="https://cbk-zam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazajist%C3%A1n" title="Kazajistán — Chavacano" lang="cbk" hreflang="cbk" data-title="Kazajistán" data-language-autonym="Chavacano de Zamboanga" data-language-local-name="Chavacano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chavacano de Zamboanga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan — Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Kazakhstan" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%85%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Кхазакхстан — ĉeĉena" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Кхазакхстан" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="ĉeĉena" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khasakstan" title="Khasakstan — cebua" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Khasakstan" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="cebua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8E%A7%E1%8F%8E%E1%8E%A7%E1%8F%8D%E1%8F%95%E1%8F%82" title="ᎧᏎᎧᏍᏕᏂ — ĉeroka" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᎧᏎᎧᏍᏕᏂ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="ĉeroka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᏣᎳᎩ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="کازاخستان — sorana" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="کازاخستان" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="sorana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cazacchistanu" title="Cazacchistanu — korsika" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Cazacchistanu" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="korsika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qazahistan" title="Qazahistan — Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Qazahistan" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazachst%C3%A1n" title="Kazachstán — ĉeĥa" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Kazachstán" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="ĉeĥa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazachstan" title="Kazachstan — Kashubian" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Kazachstan" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="Kashubian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cu mw-list-item"><a href="https://cu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%EA%99%81%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8A" title="Каꙁахстанъ — malnovslava" lang="cu" hreflang="cu" data-title="Каꙁахстанъ" data-language-autonym="Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ" data-language-local-name="malnovslava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Казахстан — ĉuvaŝa" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Казахстан" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="ĉuvaŝa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casachstan" title="Casachstan — kimra" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Casachstan" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="kimra" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kasakhstan" title="Kasakhstan — dana" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Kasakhstan" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="dana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kasachstan" title="Kasachstan — germana" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Kasachstan" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="germana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qazax%C4%B1stan" title="Qazaxıstan — Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Qazaxıstan" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazachstan" title="Kazachstan — malsuprasoraba" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Kazachstan" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="malsuprasoraba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dtp mw-list-item"><a href="https://dtp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan — Central Dusun" lang="dtp" hreflang="dtp" data-title="Kazakhstan" data-language-autonym="Kadazandusun" data-language-local-name="Central Dusun" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kadazandusun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%96%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="कजाख्स्तान — Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="कजाख्स्तान" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>डोटेली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%86%DE%A6%DE%92%DE%A6%DE%86%DE%A8%DE%90%DE%B0%DE%8C%DE%A7%DE%82%DE%B0" title="ކަޒަކިސްތާން — maldiva" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ކަޒަކިސްތާން" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="maldiva" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ee mw-list-item"><a href="https://ee.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan — evea" lang="ee" hreflang="ee" data-title="Kazakhstan" data-language-autonym="Eʋegbe" data-language-local-name="evea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eʋegbe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%B1%CE%B6%CE%B1%CE%BA%CF%83%CF%84%CE%AC%CE%BD" title="Καζακστάν — greka" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Καζακστάν" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="greka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan — angla" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Kazakhstan" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="angla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaza%C4%A5io" title="Kazaĥio — Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Kazaĥio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazajist%C3%A1n" title="Kazajistán — hispana" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Kazajistán" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="hispana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kasahstan" title="Kasahstan — estona" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Kasahstan" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan — eŭska" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Kazakhstan" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="eŭska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cazast%C3%A1n" title="Cazastán — Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Cazastán" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="قزاقستان — persa" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="قزاقستان" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ff mw-list-item"><a href="https://ff.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kasakstan" title="Kasakstan — fula" lang="ff" hreflang="ff" data-title="Kasakstan" data-language-autonym="Fulfulde" data-language-local-name="fula" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fulfulde</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="rekomendata artikolo"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakstan" title="Kazakstan — finna" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kazakstan" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finna" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kasastan" title="Kasastan — Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Kasastan" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kasakstan" title="Kasakstan — feroa" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Kasakstan" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="feroa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan — franca" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Kazakhstan" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="franca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cazacstan" title="Cazacstan — Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Cazacstan" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kasachstaan" title="Kasachstaan — nord-frisa" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Kasachstaan" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="nord-frisa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cazachie" title="Cazachie — friula" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Cazachie" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="friula" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazachstan" title="Kazachstan — okcident-frisa" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Kazachstan" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="okcident-frisa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Chasacst%C3%A1in" title="An Chasacstáin — irlanda" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="An Chasacstáin" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gag mw-list-item"><a href="https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakistan" title="Kazakistan — Gagauz" lang="gag" hreflang="gag" data-title="Kazakistan" data-language-autonym="Gagauz" data-language-local-name="Gagauz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagauz</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakstan" title="Kazakstan — Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Kazakstan" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casachst%C3%A0n" title="Casachstàn — skot-gaela" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Casachstàn" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="skot-gaela" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casaquist%C3%A1n" title="Casaquistán — galega" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Casaquistán" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galega" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-glk mw-list-item"><a href="https://glk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="قزاقستان — Gilaki" lang="glk" hreflang="glk" data-title="قزاقستان" data-language-autonym="گیلکی" data-language-local-name="Gilaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>گیلکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kasahit%C3%A3" title="Kasahitã — gvarania" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Kasahitã" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="gvarania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gom mw-list-item"><a href="https://gom.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%9D%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="कझाकस्तान — Goan Konkani" lang="gom" hreflang="gom" data-title="कझाकस्तान" data-language-autonym="गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni" data-language-local-name="Goan Konkani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%95%E0%AA%9D%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%95%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%B8%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%A4%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%A8" title="કઝાકિસ્તાન — guĝarata" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="કઝાકિસ્તાન" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="guĝarata" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yn_Chassaghstaan" title="Yn Chassaghstaan — manksa" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Yn Chassaghstaan" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="manksa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakistan" title="Kazakistan — haŭsa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Kazakistan" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="haŭsa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan — Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Kazakhstan" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kasakana" title="Kasakana — havaja" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="Kasakana" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="havaja" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hawaiʻi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%96%D7%97%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%9F" title="קזחסטן — hebrea" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="קזחסטן" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebrea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%BC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="कज़ाख़िस्तान — hinda" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="कज़ाख़िस्तान" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hinda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan — Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Kazakhstan" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazahstan" title="Kazahstan — kroata" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Kazahstan" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="kroata" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazachstan" title="Kazachstan — suprasoraba" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Kazachstan" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="suprasoraba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakstan" title="Kazakstan — haitia kreola" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Kazakstan" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="haitia kreola" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazahszt%C3%A1n" title="Kazahsztán — hungara" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Kazahsztán" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="hungara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%82%D5%A1%D5%A6%D5%A1%D5%AD%D5%BD%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%B6" title="Ղազախստան — armena" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ղազախստան" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armena" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%82%D5%A1%D5%A6%D5%A1%D5%AD%D5%AB%D5%BD%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%B6" title="Ղազախիստան — Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Ղազախիստան" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qazaqstan" title="Qazaqstan — Interlingvao" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Qazaqstan" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingvao" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan — indonezia" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kazakhstan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonezia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakstan" title="Kazakstan — Interlingveo" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Kazakstan" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingveo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan — igba" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Kazakhstan" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="igba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan — iloka" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Kazakhstan" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="iloka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D3%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%85%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5" title="ГӀазакхстане — inguŝa" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="ГӀазакхстане" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="inguŝa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kasakstan" title="Kasakstan — islanda" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Kasakstan" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakistan" title="Kazakistan — itala" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Kazakistan" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="itala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iu mw-list-item"><a href="https://iu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%91%B2%E1%93%B4%E1%92%83%E1%96%A2%E1%93%87_%E1%93%84%E1%93%87" title="ᑲᓴᒃᖢᓇ ᓄᓇ — inuita" lang="iu" hreflang="iu" data-title="ᑲᓴᒃᖢᓇ ᓄᓇ" data-language-autonym="ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut" data-language-local-name="inuita" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AB%E3%82%B6%E3%83%95%E3%82%B9%E3%82%BF%E3%83%B3" title="カザフスタン — japana" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="カザフスタン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazaxtan" title="Kazaxtan — Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Kazaxtan" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/kazaksTAN" title="kazaksTAN — Loĵbano" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="kazaksTAN" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="Loĵbano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan — java" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Kazakhstan" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="java" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A7%E1%83%90%E1%83%96%E1%83%90%E1%83%AE%E1%83%94%E1%83%97%E1%83%98" title="ყაზახეთი — kartvela" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ყაზახეთი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="kartvela" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qazaqstan" title="Qazaqstan — Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Qazaqstan" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazaxestan" title="Kazaxestan — kabila" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Kazaxestan" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="kabila" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbd mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%8A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%8A%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%BD" title="Къазахъстэн — kabarda" lang="kbd" hreflang="kbd" data-title="Къазахъстэн" data-language-autonym="Адыгэбзэ" data-language-local-name="kabarda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгэбзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakisitan%C9%A9" title="Kazakisitanɩ — Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Kazakisitanɩ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan — Kongo" lang="kg" hreflang="kg" data-title="Kazakhstan" data-language-autonym="Kongo" data-language-local-name="Kongo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan — Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Kazakhstan" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D2%9B%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Қазақстан — kazaĥa" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Қазақстан" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazaĥa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%A0%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%80%E1%9F%8B%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%90%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%93" title="កាហ្សាក់ស្ថាន — kmera" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="កាហ្សាក់ស្ថាន" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="kmera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%9C%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A5%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8D" title="ಕಜಾಕಸ್ಥಾನ್ — kanara" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಕಜಾಕಸ್ಥಾನ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kanara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%B9%B4%EC%9E%90%ED%9D%90%EC%8A%A4%ED%83%84" title="카자흐스탄 — korea" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="카자흐스탄" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="korea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-koi mw-list-item"><a href="https://koi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Казахстан — Komi-Permyak" lang="koi" hreflang="koi" data-title="Казахстан" data-language-autonym="Перем коми" data-language-local-name="Komi-Permyak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Перем коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%8A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%8A%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Къазакъстан — karaĉaj-balkara" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Къазакъстан" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="karaĉaj-balkara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%82%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="قازقستان — kaŝmira" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="قازقستان" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="kaŝmira" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qazaxistan" title="Qazaxistan — kurda" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Qazaxistan" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Казахстан — komia" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Казахстан" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="komia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pow_Kazagh" title="Pow Kazagh — kornvala" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Pow Kazagh" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="kornvala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Казакстан — kirgiza" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Казакстан" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgiza" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazachstania" title="Kazachstania — latino" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Kazachstania" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakistan" title="Kazakistan — judhispana" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Kazakistan" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="judhispana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kasachstan" title="Kasachstan — luksemburga" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Kasachstan" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luksemburga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lbe mw-list-item"><a href="https://lbe.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%8A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Къазахсттан — Lak" lang="lbe" hreflang="lbe" data-title="Къазахсттан" data-language-autonym="Лакку" data-language-local-name="Lak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лакку</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%8A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%8A%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Къазакъстан — lezga" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Къазакъстан" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="lezga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cazacstan" title="Cazacstan — Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Cazacstan" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazachstan" title="Kazachstan — limburga" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Kazachstan" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakistan" title="Kazakistan — Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Kazakistan" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casachstan" title="Casachstan — Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Casachstan" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakistan" title="Kazakistan — Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Kazakistan" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakst%C3%A1ni" title="Kazakstáni — lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Kazakstáni" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%84%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%8A%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%96%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%99" title="ຄາຊັກສະຖານ — laŭa" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ຄາຊັກສະຖານ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="laŭa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazachstanas" title="Kazachstanas — litova" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Kazachstanas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ltg mw-list-item"><a href="https://ltg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazaheja" title="Kazaheja — Latgalian" lang="ltg" hreflang="ltg" data-title="Kazaheja" data-language-autonym="Latgaļu" data-language-local-name="Latgalian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latgaļu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazahst%C4%81na" title="Kazahstāna — latva" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Kazahstāna" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="latva" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mad mw-list-item"><a href="https://mad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan — madura" lang="mad" hreflang="mad" data-title="Kazakhstan" data-language-autonym="Madhurâ" data-language-local-name="madura" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Madhurâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%96%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="कजाख्स्तान — majtila" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="कजाख्स्तान" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="majtila" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan — Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="Kazakhstan" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Banyumasan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Казахстан — mokŝa" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Казахстан" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="mokŝa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakst%C3%A0na" title="Kazakstàna — malagasa" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Kazakstàna" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malagasa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Казахстан — Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Казахстан" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katat%C4%81nga" title="Katatānga — maoria" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Katatānga" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="maoria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan — minankabaŭa" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Kazakhstan" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="minankabaŭa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikli di qualeso"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Казахстан — makedona" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Казахстан" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%96%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A5%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BB" title="കസാഖ്സ്ഥാൻ — malajalama" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="കസാഖ്സ്ഥാൻ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malajalama" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikli di qualeso"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Казахстан — mongola" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Казахстан" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongola" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%80%EA%AF%93%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%88%EA%AF%81%EA%AF%AD%EA%AF%87%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%9F" title="ꯀꯓꯥꯈꯁ꯭ꯇꯥꯟ — manipura" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯀꯓꯥꯈꯁ꯭ꯇꯥꯟ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="manipura" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%9D%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="कझाकस्तान — marata" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="कझाकस्तान" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marata" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan — malaja" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Kazakhstan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malaja" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ka%C5%BCakistan" title="Każakistan — malta" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Każakistan" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="malta" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cazaquiston" title="Cazaquiston — miranda" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Cazaquiston" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="miranda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%80%E1%80%AC%E1%80%87%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%85%E1%80%90%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%94%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%84%E1%80%B6" title="ကာဇက်စတန်နိုင်ငံ — birma" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ကာဇက်စတန်နိုင်ငံ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birma" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Казахстан Мастор — erzja" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Казахстан Мастор" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="erzja" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86" title="قزاقستون — mazandarana" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="قزاقستون" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="mazandarana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kasachstan" title="Kasachstan — platgermana" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Kasachstan" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="platgermana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakstan" title="Kazakstan — Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Kazakstan" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%96%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="कजाख्स्तान — nepala" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="कजाख्स्तान" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%96%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="कजाख्स्तान — nevara" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="कजाख्स्तान" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="nevara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazachstan" title="Kazachstan — nederlanda" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Kazachstan" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nederlanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kasakhstan" title="Kasakhstan — novnorvega" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Kasakhstan" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="novnorvega" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kasakhstan" title="Kasakhstan — dannorvega" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Kasakhstan" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="dannorvega" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kasakstan" title="Kasakstan — Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Kasakstan" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan — nord-sota" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="Kazakhstan" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="nord-sota" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho sa Leboa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bil%C4%AF%CC%81%C4%AF%CC%81%CA%BC_%C5%83deiltihii_Dine%CA%BC%C3%A9_Bik%C3%A9yah" title="Bilį́į́ʼ Ńdeiltihii Dineʼé Bikéyah — navaha" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Bilį́į́ʼ Ńdeiltihii Dineʼé Bikéyah" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="navaha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Diné bizaad</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cazacstan" title="Cazacstan — okcitana" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Cazacstan" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="okcitana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazahstan" title="Kazahstan — Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Kazahstan" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaazaakistaan" title="Kaazaakistaan — oroma" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Kaazaakistaan" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="oroma" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%95%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%9C%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%96%E0%AC%B8%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%A4%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%A8" title="କାଜାଖସ୍ତାନ — orijo" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="କାଜାଖସ୍ତାନ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="orijo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%8A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Хъазахстан — oseta" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Хъазахстан" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="oseta" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A8" title="ਕ਼ਜ਼ਾਕ਼ਿਸਤਾਨ — panĝaba" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਕ਼ਜ਼ਾਕ਼ਿਸਤਾਨ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="panĝaba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pag mw-list-item"><a href="https://pag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakstan" title="Kazakstan — pangasina" lang="pag" hreflang="pag" data-title="Kazakstan" data-language-autonym="Pangasinan" data-language-local-name="pangasina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pangasinan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazastan" title="Kazastan — pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Kazastan" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakstan" title="Kazakstan — Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Kazakstan" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan — Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Kazakhstan" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pdc mw-list-item"><a href="https://pdc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan — Pennsylvania German" lang="pdc" hreflang="pdc" data-title="Kazakhstan" data-language-autonym="Deitsch" data-language-local-name="Pennsylvania German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deitsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="कजाकस्थान — Pali" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="कजाकस्थान" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="Pali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>पालि</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pih mw-list-item"><a href="https://pih.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakstaan" title="Kazakstaan — Norfuk / Pitkern" lang="pih" hreflang="pih" data-title="Kazakstaan" data-language-autonym="Norfuk / Pitkern" data-language-local-name="Norfuk / Pitkern" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norfuk / Pitkern</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazachstan" title="Kazachstan — pola" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Kazachstan" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="pola" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakistan" title="Kazakistan — Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Kazakistan" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%82%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="قازقستان — Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="قازقستان" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%B1%CE%B6%CE%B1%CE%BA%CF%83%CF%84%CE%AC%CE%BD" title="Καζακστάν — Pontic" lang="pnt" hreflang="pnt" data-title="Καζακστάν" data-language-autonym="Ποντιακά" data-language-local-name="Pontic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ποντιακά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="قزاقستان — paŝtua" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="قزاقستان" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="paŝtua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cazaquist%C3%A3o" title="Cazaquistão — portugala" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Cazaquistão" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qasaqsuyu" title="Qasaqsuyu — keĉua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Qasaqsuyu" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="keĉua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kasachstan" title="Kasachstan — romanĉa" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Kasachstan" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="romanĉa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Rumantsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rmy mw-list-item"><a href="https://rmy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan — Vlax Romani" lang="rmy" hreflang="rmy" data-title="Kazakhstan" data-language-autonym="Romani čhib" data-language-local-name="Vlax Romani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Romani čhib</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazahstan" title="Kazahstan — rumana" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Kazahstan" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazahstan" title="Kazahstan — arumana" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Kazahstan" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="arumana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-tara mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-tara.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakistan" title="Kazakistan — Tarantino" lang="nap-x-tara" hreflang="nap-x-tara" data-title="Kazakistan" data-language-autonym="Tarandíne" data-language-local-name="Tarantino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tarandíne</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Казахстан — rusa" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Казахстан" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rusa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Казахстан — Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Казахстан" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakisitani" title="Kazakisitani — ruanda" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Kazakisitani" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="ruanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikinyarwanda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D" title="कजाखस्थानम् — sanskrito" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="कजाखस्थानम्" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="sanskrito" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Казахстаан — jakuta" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Казахстаан" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="jakuta" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%A1%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%9B%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B1" title="ᱠᱟᱡᱟᱠᱥᱛᱟᱱ — santala" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱠᱟᱡᱟᱠᱥᱛᱟᱱ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="santala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazachist%C3%A0n" title="Kazachistàn — sarda" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Kazachistàn" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="sarda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakistan" title="Kazakistan — sicilia" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Kazakistan" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="sicilia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan — skota" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Kazakhstan" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="skota" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="قزاقستان — sinda" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="قزاقستان" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sinda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakstan" title="Kazakstan — nord-samea" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Kazakstan" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="nord-samea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazahstan" title="Kazahstan — serbo-Kroata" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Kazahstan" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbo-Kroata" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%80%AD%E1%80%B0%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%81%B5%E1%82%83%E1%82%87%E1%81%B8%E1%81%A2%E1%81%B5%E1%80%BA%E1%82%88%E1%80%9E%E1%80%90%E1%81%BC%E1%80%BA%E1%82%87" title="မိူင်းၵႃႇၸၢၵ်ႈသတၼ်ႇ — ŝana" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="မိူင်းၵႃႇၸၢၵ်ႈသတၼ်ႇ" data-language-autonym="ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး " data-language-local-name="ŝana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး </span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8A%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA" title="කසක්ස්තානය — sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="කසක්ස්තානය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan — Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Kazakhstan" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazachstan" title="Kazachstan — slovaka" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Kazachstan" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovaka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-skr mw-list-item"><a href="https://skr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%82%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="قازقستان — Saraiki" lang="skr" hreflang="skr" data-title="قازقستان" data-language-autonym="سرائیکی" data-language-local-name="Saraiki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سرائیکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazahstan" title="Kazahstan — slovena" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Kazahstan" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovena" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sm mw-list-item"><a href="https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kasakisitana" title="Kasakisitana — samoa" lang="sm" hreflang="sm" data-title="Kasakisitana" data-language-autonym="Gagana Samoa" data-language-local-name="samoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagana Samoa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakstan" title="Kazakstan — anar-samea" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Kazakstan" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="anar-samea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakhistani" title="Kazakhistani — ŝona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Kazakhistani" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="ŝona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kasakhstan" title="Kasakhstan — somala" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Kasakhstan" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="somala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakistani" title="Kazakistani — albana" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Kazakistani" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Казахстан — serba" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Казахстан" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-srn mw-list-item"><a href="https://srn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazachstan" title="Kazachstan — surinama" lang="srn" hreflang="srn" data-title="Kazachstan" data-language-autonym="Sranantongo" data-language-local-name="surinama" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sranantongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ss mw-list-item"><a href="https://ss.wikipedia.org/wiki/IKhazakhi" title="IKhazakhi — svazia" lang="ss" hreflang="ss" data-title="IKhazakhi" data-language-autonym="SiSwati" data-language-local-name="svazia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>SiSwati</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-st mw-list-item"><a href="https://st.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan — sota" lang="st" hreflang="st" data-title="Kazakhstan" data-language-autonym="Sesotho" data-language-local-name="sota" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kasachstan" title="Kasachstan — Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Kasachstan" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakstan" title="Kazakstan — sunda" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Kazakstan" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sunda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakstan" title="Kazakstan — sveda" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Kazakstan" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="sveda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan — svahila" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Kazakhstan" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="svahila" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazachst%C5%AFn" title="Kazachstůn — silezi-pola" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Kazachstůn" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="silezi-pola" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan — Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="Kazakhstan" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sakizaya</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D" title="கசக்கஸ்தான் — tamila" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கசக்கஸ்தான்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamila" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tay mw-list-item"><a href="https://tay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan — Tayal" lang="tay" hreflang="tay" data-title="Kazakhstan" data-language-autonym="Tayal" data-language-local-name="Tayal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tayal</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tcy mw-list-item"><a href="https://tcy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%9C%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A4%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8D" title="ಕಜಾಕಸ್ತಾನ್ — Tulu" lang="tcy" hreflang="tcy" data-title="ಕಜಾಕಸ್ತಾನ್" data-language-autonym="ತುಳು" data-language-local-name="Tulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ತುಳು</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%9C%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" title="కజకస్తాన్ — telugua" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="కజకస్తాన్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tet mw-list-item"><a href="https://tet.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakistaun" title="Kazakistaun — tetuna" lang="tet" hreflang="tet" data-title="Kazakistaun" data-language-autonym="Tetun" data-language-local-name="tetuna" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tetun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BE%D2%9B%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Қазоқистон — taĝika" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Қазоқистон" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="taĝika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%96%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99" title="ประเทศคาซัคสถาน — taja" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ประเทศคาซัคสถาน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="taja" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gazagystan" title="Gazagystan — turkmena" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Gazagystan" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="turkmena" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kasakistan" title="Kasakistan — tagaloga" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Kasakistan" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagaloga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gazaxyston" title="Gazaxyston — Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Gazaxyston" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-to mw-list-item"><a href="https://to.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kasakisitani" title="Kasakisitani — tongana" lang="to" hreflang="to" data-title="Kasakisitani" data-language-autonym="Lea faka-Tonga" data-language-local-name="tongana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lea faka-Tonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakistan" title="Kazakistan — turka" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Kazakistan" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-trv mw-list-item"><a href="https://trv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan — sedeka" lang="trv" hreflang="trv" data-title="Kazakhstan" data-language-autonym="Seediq" data-language-local-name="sedeka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seediq</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ts mw-list-item"><a href="https://ts.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan — conga" lang="ts" hreflang="ts" data-title="Kazakhstan" data-language-autonym="Xitsonga" data-language-local-name="conga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Xitsonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%8A%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Казакъстан — tatara" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Казакъстан" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tum mw-list-item"><a href="https://tum.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan — tumbuka" lang="tum" hreflang="tum" data-title="Kazakhstan" data-language-autonym="ChiTumbuka" data-language-local-name="tumbuka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiTumbuka</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tyv mw-list-item"><a href="https://tyv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Казахстан — tuva" lang="tyv" hreflang="tyv" data-title="Казахстан" data-language-autonym="Тыва дыл" data-language-local-name="tuva" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тыва дыл</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Казахстан — udmurta" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Казахстан" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="udmurta" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%82%D9%89%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="قازاقىستان — ujgura" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="قازاقىستان" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="ujgura" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Казахстан — ukraina" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Казахстан" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukraina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%82%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="قازقستان — urduo" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="قازقستان" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urduo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qozog%CA%BBiston" title="Qozogʻiston — uzbeka" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Qozogʻiston" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbeka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaz%C3%A0kistan" title="Kazàkistan — Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Kazàkistan" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazahstan" title="Kazahstan — Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Kazahstan" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan — vjetnama" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Kazakhstan" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vjetnama" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazachstan" title="Kazachstan — West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Kazachstan" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kasak%C3%A4n" title="Kasakän — Volapuko" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Kasakän" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapuko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cazaxhistan" title="Cazaxhistan — valona" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Cazaxhistan" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="valona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kasahistan" title="Kasahistan — varaja" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Kasahistan" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="varaja" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kasakistaan" title="Kasakistaan — volofa" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Kasakistaan" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="volofa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%93%88%E8%90%A8%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6" title="哈萨克斯坦 — vua" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="哈萨克斯坦" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="vua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan — ksosa" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="Kazakhstan" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="ksosa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiXhosa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A7%E1%83%90%E1%83%96%E1%83%90%E1%83%AE%E1%83%94%E1%83%97%E1%83%98" title="ყაზახეთი — Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ყაზახეთი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%90%D7%96%D7%90%D7%9B%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%90%D7%9F" title="קאזאכסטאן — jida" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="קאזאכסטאן" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="jida" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%A0s%C3%A0kst%C3%A1n" title="Kàsàkstán — joruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Kàsàkstán" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="joruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan — ĝuanga" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Kazakhstan" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="ĝuanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazachstan" title="Kazachstan — Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Kazachstan" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%93%88%E8%90%A8%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6" title="哈萨克斯坦 — ĉina" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="哈萨克斯坦" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="ĉina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%93%88%E8%96%A9%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6" title="哈薩克斯坦 — Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="哈薩克斯坦" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan — Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Kazakhstan" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%93%88%E8%96%A9%E5%85%8B" title="哈薩克 — kantona" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="哈薩克" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q232#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Redaktar la ligili ad altra lingui" class="wbc-editpage">Redaktar ligili</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Nomaro"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Kazakstan" title="Vidar la kontenajo di ca pagino [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artiklo</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Debato:Kazakstan&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Diskuto pri la pagino di kontenajo (pagino ne existas) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Debato</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Modifikar linguala varianto" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Ido</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Apari"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Kazakstan"><span>Lektar</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kazakstan&oldid=1021936&veaction=edit" title="Redaktar ica pagino [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Redaktar</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kazakstan&action=edit&oldid=1021936" title="Redaktar la fonto-kodexo di ca pagino [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Redaktar fonto</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kazakstan&action=history" title="Pasinta versioni di ca pagino [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Kronologio</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Utensili por pagini"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Utensili" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Utensili</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Utensili</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">movar a latera panelo</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">celez</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Plusa selekti" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Agadi </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Kazakstan"><span>Lektar</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kazakstan&oldid=1021936&veaction=edit" title="Redaktar ica pagino [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Redaktar</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kazakstan&action=edit&oldid=1021936" title="Redaktar la fonto-kodexo di ca pagino [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Redaktar fonto</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kazakstan&action=history"><span>Kronologio</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Ordinara </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Specala:QuoLigasHike/Kazakstan" title="Listo pri omna Wikipagini qui ligesas adhike [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Quo ligesas adhike?</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Specala:RelatantaChanji/Kazakstan" rel="nofollow" title="Recenta chanji di pagini ligita de ca pagino [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Relatanta chanji</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=io" title="Adkargez arkivi [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Adkargar arkivo</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Specala:SpecalaPagini" title="Montrez listo di omna specala pagini [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Specala pagini</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kazakstan&oldid=1021936" title="Permananta ligilo vers ita versiono di ta pagino"><span>Permananta ligilo</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kazakstan&action=info" title="Plusa informo pri ca pagino"><span>Informo pri ca pagino</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Specala:Citar&page=Kazakstan&id=1021936&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informo pri quale citar ica pagino"><span>Citar ca pagino</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Specala:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fio.wikipedia.org%2Fw%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DKazakstan%26diff%3Dprev%26oldid%3D1021936"><span>Obtenar kurta URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Specala:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fio.wikipedia.org%2Fw%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DKazakstan%26diff%3Dprev%26oldid%3D1021936"><span>Descharjar QR-kodexo</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Imprimar/exportacar </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Specala:Libro&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Kazakstan"><span>Kreez libro</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kazakstan&printable=yes" title="Imprimebla versiono di ca pagino [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Imprimebla versiono</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> En altra projeti </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Kazakhstan" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q232" title="Ligilo ad arkivo de la datumaro [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Redakto en Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Utensili por pagini"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Aspekto"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Aspekto</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">movar a latera panelo</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">celez</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-mw-helplink" class="mw-indicator"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:Diff" target="_blank" class="mw-helplink"><span class="mw-helplink-icon"></span>Helpo</a></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">De Wikipedio</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-revslider-container"><span style='width: 100%; text-align: center;' id='ooui-php-1' class='mw-revslider-toggle-button oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-indicatorElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget' data-ooui='{"_":"OO.ui.ButtonWidget","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"indicator":"down","label":"Deskripto interagiva pri la kronologio dil artiklo","title":"Open revision slider","classes":["mw-revslider-toggle-button"]}'><a role='button' title='Open revision slider' tabindex='0' rel='nofollow' class='oo-ui-buttonElement-button'><span class='oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-iconElement-noIcon'></span><span class='oo-ui-labelElement-label'>Deskripto interagiva pri la kronologio dil artiklo</span><span class='oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicator-down'></span></a></span><div class="mw-revslider-slider-wrapper" style="display: none;"><div class="mw-revslider-placeholder"><div class="mw-revslider-spinner"><div class="mw-revslider-bounce"></div></div></div></div></div><div class="mw-diff-revision-history-links"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kazakstan&diff=prev&oldid=1021935" class="mw-diff-revision-history-link-previous" title="Kazakstan">← Plu anciena versiono</a><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kazakstan&diff=next&oldid=1021936" class="mw-diff-revision-history-link-next" title="Kazakstan">Plu recenta versiono →</a></div><div class="mw-diff-table-prefix" dir="ltr" lang="io"><div class="mw-diff-inline-legend oo-ui-element-hidden"><span class="mw-diff-inline-legend-del">Kontenajo efacita</span> <span class="mw-diff-inline-legend-ins">Kontenajo adjuntita</span></div><div class="ve-init-mw-diffPage-diffMode"><span class='oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonGroupWidget'><span aria-disabled='true' class='oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-disabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-framed oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget'><a role='button' tabindex='-1' aria-disabled='true' rel='nofollow' class='oo-ui-buttonElement-button'><span class='oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-eye oo-ui-image-invert'></span><span class='oo-ui-labelElement-label'>Vidala</span><span class='oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator oo-ui-image-invert'></span></a></span><span class='oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-framed oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget oo-ui-buttonElement-active'><a role='button' tabindex='0' rel='nofollow' class='oo-ui-buttonElement-button'><span class='oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-wikiText oo-ui-image-invert'></span><span class='oo-ui-labelElement-label'>Wikitexto</span><span class='oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator oo-ui-image-invert'></span></a></span></span></div><div class="mw-diffPage-inlineToggle-container"><div id='mw-diffPage-inline-toggle-switch-layout' class='oo-ui-layout oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-fieldLayout oo-ui-fieldLayout-align-left' data-ooui='{"_":"OO.ui.FieldLayout","fieldWidget":{"tag":"mw-diffPage-inline-toggle-switch"},"$overlay":true,"label":"Lineo-formo","title":"Variar inter formato singlalinea, e formato kun du kolumni"}'><div class='oo-ui-fieldLayout-body'><span class='oo-ui-fieldLayout-header'><label title='Variar inter formato singlalinea, e formato kun du kolumni' id='ooui-php-2' class='oo-ui-labelElement-label'>Lineo-formo</label></span><div class='oo-ui-fieldLayout-field'><div id='mw-diffPage-inline-toggle-switch' title='Variar inter formato singlalinea, e formato kun du kolumni' aria-checked='false' tabindex='0' role='switch' aria-labelledby='ooui-php-2' class='oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-toggleWidget oo-ui-toggleWidget-off oo-ui-toggleSwitchWidget' data-ooui='{"_":"OO.ui.ToggleSwitchWidget","href":"\/w\/index.php?title=Kazakstan&diff=prev&oldid=1021936&diff-type=inline","value":false,"title":"Variar inter formato singlalinea, e formato kun du kolumni"}'><span class='oo-ui-toggleSwitchWidget-glow'></span><a href='/w/index.php?title=Kazakstan&diff=prev&oldid=1021936&diff-type=inline'><span class='oo-ui-toggleSwitchWidget-grip'></span></a></div></div></div></div></div></div><table class="diff diff-type-table diff-contentalign-left diff-editfont-monospace" data-mw="interface"> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <tr class="diff-title" lang="io"> <td colspan="2" class="diff-otitle diff-side-deleted"><div id="mw-diff-otitle1"><strong><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kazakstan&oldid=1021935" title="Kazakstan">Versiono ye 01:43, 8 di agosto. 2023</a> <span class="mw-diff-edit"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kazakstan&action=edit&oldid=1021935" title="Kazakstan">redaktar</a></span><span class="mw-diff-timestamp" data-timestamp="2023-08-08T01:43:43Z"></span></strong></div><div id="mw-diff-otitle2"><a href="/wiki/Specala:Kontributaji/31.173.240.169" class="mw-userlink mw-anonuserlink" title="Specala:Kontributaji/31.173.240.169" data-mw-revid="1021935"><bdi>31.173.240.169</bdi></a> <span class="mw-usertoollinks">(<a href="/w/index.php?title=Uzanto_Debato:31.173.240.169&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new mw-usertoollinks-talk" title="Uzanto Debato:31.173.240.169 (pagino ne existas)">diskutez</a>)</span><div class="mw-diff-usermetadata"></div></div><div id="mw-diff-otitle3"><span class="comment mw-comment-none">Nula rezumo di redakto</span></div><div id="mw-diff-otitle5"><span class="mw-tag-markers"><a href="/wiki/Specala:Etikedoj" title="Specala:Etikedoj">Etiketi</a>: <span class="mw-tag-marker mw-tag-marker-mw-reverted">Desfacita</span> <span class="mw-tag-marker mw-tag-marker-visualeditor"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedio:VisualEditor" title="Wikipedio:VisualEditor">Redakto per VisualEditor</a></span></span></div><div id="mw-diff-otitle4"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kazakstan&diff=prev&oldid=1021935" title="Kazakstan" id="differences-prevlink">← Plu anciena versiono</a></div></td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-ntitle diff-side-added"><div id="mw-diff-ntitle1"><strong><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kazakstan&oldid=1021936" title="Kazakstan">Versiono ye 03:36, 8 di agosto. 2023</a> <span class="mw-diff-edit"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kazakstan&action=edit&oldid=1021936" title="Kazakstan">redaktar</a></span><span class="mw-diff-timestamp" data-timestamp="2023-08-08T03:36:16Z"></span> <span class="mw-diff-undo"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kazakstan&action=edit&undoafter=1021935&undo=1021936" title=""Desfacez" nuligas ca versiono e apertas la redakto-pagino en prevido-modo. Vu darfos informar la motivo en la rezumo.">desfacez</a></span></strong></div><div id="mw-diff-ntitle2"><a href="/wiki/Uzanto:Wutsje" class="mw-userlink" title="Uzanto:Wutsje" data-mw-revid="1021936"><bdi>Wutsje</bdi></a> <span class="mw-usertoollinks">(<a href="/w/index.php?title=Uzanto_Debato:Wutsje&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new mw-usertoollinks-talk" title="Uzanto Debato:Wutsje (pagino ne existas)">diskutez</a> | <a href="/wiki/Specala:Kontributaji/Wutsje" class="mw-usertoollinks-contribs" title="Specala:Kontributaji/Wutsje">kontributadi</a>)</span><div class="mw-diff-usermetadata"><div class="mw-diff-userroles"></div><div class="mw-diff-usereditcount"><span>45</span> redaktoj</div></div></div><div id="mw-diff-ntitle3"> <span class="comment comment--without-parentheses">rv cross-wiki spam, see https://guc.toolforge.org/?by=date&user=31.173.240.169</span></div><div id="mw-diff-ntitle5"><span class="mw-tag-markers"><a href="/wiki/Specala:Etikedoj" title="Specala:Etikedoj">Etiketo</a>: <span class="mw-tag-marker mw-tag-marker-mw-undo">Desfacez</span></span></div><div id="mw-diff-ntitle4"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kazakstan&diff=next&oldid=1021936" title="Kazakstan" id="differences-nextlink">Plu recenta versiono →</a></div></td> </tr><tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Lineo 70:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Lineo 70:</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><br /></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><div>La dominacanta klimato norde de Kazakstan esas kontinentala, kun varma someri e vintri multe kolda. Sude e de la lando la klimato esas miarida (''Bsk'', segun la [[klimatala klasifikuro da Köppen]]) o kolda arida (''Bwk''). [[Nur-Sultan]] esas la 2ma maxim kolda chef-urbo del mondo, dop [[Ulan Bator]]. Quale en altra arida regioni, la [[pluvo-quanto]] esas poka, e la vintri esas multe sika.</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><div>La dominacanta klimato norde de Kazakstan esas kontinentala, kun varma someri e vintri multe kolda. Sude e de la lando la klimato esas miarida (''Bsk'', segun la [[klimatala klasifikuro da Köppen]]) o kolda arida (''Bwk''). [[Nur-Sultan]] esas la 2ma maxim kolda chef-urbo del mondo, dop [[Ulan Bator]]. Quale en altra arida regioni, la [[pluvo-quanto]] esas poka, e la vintri esas multe sika.</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td> <td class="diff-deletedline diff-side-deleted"><br /></td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-added"></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td> <td class="diff-deletedline diff-side-deleted"><div>== Indigènes notables ==</div></td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-added"></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td> <td class="diff-deletedline diff-side-deleted"><div>Avramkin Oleg Egorovich</div></td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-added"></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td> <td class="diff-deletedline diff-side-deleted"><br /></td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-added"></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td> <td class="diff-deletedline diff-side-deleted"><div>Adilov ACET Seriković</div></td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-added"></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td> <td class="diff-deletedline diff-side-deleted"><br /></td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-added"></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td> <td class="diff-deletedline diff-side-deleted"><div>Azimov Alisher Muratović</div></td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-added"></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td> <td class="diff-deletedline diff-side-deleted"><br /></td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-added"></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td> <td class="diff-deletedline diff-side-deleted"><div>Akimov Fiodor Filippovich</div></td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-added"></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td> <td class="diff-deletedline diff-side-deleted"><br /></td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-added"></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td> <td class="diff-deletedline diff-side-deleted"><div>Altynbekova Sabina Abaevna</div></td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-added"></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td> <td class="diff-deletedline diff-side-deleted"><br /></td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-added"></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td> <td class="diff-deletedline diff-side-deleted"><div>Zhelezko Oleg Viktorovich<ref>https://www.km.ru/economics/2023/05/17/oleg-zhelezko</ref><ref>https://profile.ru/profil/oleg-zhelezko-ekspert-v-sfere-pryamyh-investicij-1290850/</ref><ref>https://newizv.ru/news/2022-03-20/zhelezko-oleg-viktorovich-kak-stroilas-kariera-finansista-404422</ref></div></td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-empty diff-side-added"></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><br /></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><div>==Ekonomio ==</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><div>==Ekonomio ==</div></td> </tr> </table><hr class='diff-hr' id='mw-oldid' /> <h2 class='diff-currentversion-title'>Versiono ye 03:36, 8 di agosto. 2023</h2> <div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="io" dir="ltr"><table style="background-color:#f8f8f8;border:1px solid #dedede;padding:5px" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="right" width="300"> <tbody><tr> <td valign="top" bgcolor="#dedede" style="font-size:90%" colspan="3" align="center"><big><b>Kazakstan</b></big> </td></tr> <tr> <td valign="top" bgcolor="#dedede" style="font-size:90%" colspan="3" align="center"><big><b>Қазақстан Республикасы<br />Qazaqstan Respūblīkasy<br />Республика Казахстан<br />Respublika Kazakhstan</b></big> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center" width="150px"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Arkivo:Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/140px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="140" height="70" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/210px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/280px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a></span> </td> <td align="center" width="150px"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Arkivo:Emblem_of_Kazakhstan_latin.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Emblem_of_Kazakhstan_latin.svg/80px-Emblem_of_Kazakhstan_latin.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Emblem_of_Kazakhstan_latin.svg/120px-Emblem_of_Kazakhstan_latin.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Emblem_of_Kazakhstan_latin.svg/160px-Emblem_of_Kazakhstan_latin.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="400" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center" style="font-size:75%"><a href="/wiki/Standardo" title="Standardo">Standardo</a> di Kazakstan </td> <td align="center" style="font-size:75%"><a href="/wiki/Blazono" title="Blazono">Blazono</a> di Kazakstan </td></tr> <tr> <td valign="top" style="font-size:90%" colspan="3" align="center"><b><a href="/wiki/Nacionala_himno" title="Nacionala himno">Nacionala himno</a>:</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-size:90%" colspan="3" align="center"><i>My Kazakhstan</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-size:90%" colspan="3" align="center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Arkivo:LocationKazakhstan.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/LocationKazakhstan.svg/275px-LocationKazakhstan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="275" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/LocationKazakhstan.svg/413px-LocationKazakhstan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/LocationKazakhstan.svg/550px-LocationKazakhstan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-size:14px;border-bottom:2px solid #dedede;text-align:left" colspan="3"><div class="center"><b>Urbi:</b></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td valign="top" style="font-size:90%"><b><a href="/wiki/Chefurbo" class="mw-redirect" title="Chefurbo">Chefurbo</a>:</b> </td> <td valign="top" style="font-size:90%" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Nur-Sultan" class="mw-redirect" title="Nur-Sultan">Nur-Sultan</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td valign="top" style="font-size:90%"><b>Precipua urbo:</b> </td> <td valign="top" style="font-size:90%" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Almat%C4%B1" title="Almatı">Almatı</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-size:14px;border-bottom:2px solid #dedede;text-align:left" colspan="3"><div class="center"><b>Lingui:</b></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td valign="top" style="font-size:90%"><b>Oficala lingui:</b> </td> <td valign="top" style="font-size:90%" colspan="2"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kazaka_linguo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kazaka linguo (pagino ne existas)">Kazaka</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rusa_linguo" title="Rusa linguo">Rusa</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-size:14px;border-bottom:2px solid #dedede;text-align:left" colspan="3"><div class="center"><b><a href="/wiki/Guvernerio" title="Guvernerio">Guvernerio</a>:</b></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td valign="top" style="font-size:90%"><b>Tipo:</b> </td> <td valign="top" style="font-size:90%" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Republiko" title="Republiko">Republiko</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td valign="top" style="font-size:75%">· <a href="/wiki/Listo_pri_prezidanti_di_Kazakstan" title="Listo pri prezidanti di Kazakstan">Prezidanto</a>: </td> <td valign="top" style="font-size:75%" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Qas%C4%B1m-Jomart_Kemelul%C4%B1_Toqayev" title="Qasım-Jomart Kemelulı Toqayev">Qasım-Jomart Toqayev</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td valign="top" style="font-size:75%">· <a href="/wiki/Listo_pri_chefministri_di_Kazakstan" title="Listo pri chefministri di Kazakstan">Chefministro</a>: </td> <td valign="top" style="font-size:75%" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/%C3%84l%C3%AFxan_Asxanul%C4%B1_Sma%C3%BD%C4%B1lov" title="Älïxan Asxanulı Smaýılov">Älïxan Smaýılov</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-size:14px;border-bottom:2px solid #dedede;text-align:left" colspan="3"><div class="center"><b><a href="/wiki/Surfaco" title="Surfaco">Surfaco</a>:</b> <i><small>(9<sup>ma</sup> maxim granda)</small></i></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td valign="top" style="font-size:75%">· Totala: </td> <td valign="top" style="font-size:75%" colspan="2">2 724 900 km² </td></tr> <tr> <td valign="top" style="font-size:75%">· Aquo: </td> <td valign="top" style="font-size:75%" colspan="2">1,7 % </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-size:14px;border-bottom:2px solid #dedede;text-align:left" colspan="3"><div class="center"><b>Habitanti:</b> <small><i>(63<sup>ma</sup> maxim granda)</i></small></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td valign="top" style="font-size:75%">· Totala: </td> <td valign="top" style="font-size:75%" colspan="2">18 744 548<sup id="cite_ref-CIA_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CIA-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (2018) </td></tr> <tr> <td valign="top" style="font-size:75%">· <a href="/wiki/Denseso_di_habitantaro" title="Denseso di habitantaro">Denseso di habitantaro</a>: </td> <td valign="top" style="font-size:75%" colspan="2">5,94 hab./km² </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-size:14px;border-bottom:2px solid #dedede;text-align:left" colspan="3"><div class="center"><b>Plusa informi:</b></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td valign="top" style="font-size:90%"><b><a href="/wiki/Pekunio" title="Pekunio">Valuto</a>:</b> </td> <td valign="top" style="font-size:90%" colspan="2"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tenge&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tenge (pagino ne existas)">tenge</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td valign="top" style="font-size:90%"><b>Veho-latero:</b> </td> <td valign="top" style="font-size:90%" colspan="2">dextre </td></tr> <tr> <td valign="top" style="font-size:90%"><b><a href="/wiki/Internacionala_Organizuro_por_Normizado" class="mw-redirect" title="Internacionala Organizuro por Normizado">ISO</a>:</b> </td> <td valign="top" style="font-size:90%" colspan="2"><code>KZ</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td valign="top" style="font-size:90%"> </td> <td valign="top" style="font-size:90%" colspan="2"><code>KAZ</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td valign="top" style="font-size:90%"> </td> <td valign="top" style="font-size:90%" colspan="2"><code>398</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td valign="top" style="font-size:90%"><b>Reto-domeno:</b> </td> <td valign="top" style="font-size:90%" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/.kz" title=".kz">.kz</a>, <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48137" class="extiw" title="d:Q48137">.қаз</a><abbr title="Artiklo ne ja esas disponebla ye ca wiki">*</abbr> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><br /> <b>Kazakstan</b>, oficale <b>Republiko Kazakstan</b> esas lando jacanta an central <a href="/wiki/Azia" title="Azia">Azia</a>. Ol havas kom vicini <a href="/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia">Rusia</a> weste e norde, <a href="/wiki/Popul-Republiko_Chinia" title="Popul-Republiko Chinia">Popul-Republiko Chinia</a> este, e <a href="/wiki/Kirgizistan" title="Kirgizistan">Kirgizistan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Uzbekistan" title="Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a> e <a href="/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a> sude. Ol esas la maxim vasta lando senlitora de la mondo, kun plu kam 2,7 milion km². Ol produktas 60% de la <a href="/wiki/Naturala_gaso" title="Naturala gaso">naturala gaso</a> de central Azia. </p><p><b>Bazala fakti pri Kazakstan.</b> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historio">Historio</h2></div> <table style="margin-left:20px"> <tbody><tr> <td> <i>Precipua artiklo: <a href="/wiki/Historio_di_Kazakstan" title="Historio di Kazakstan">Historio di Kazakstan</a></i> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Kazakstan ja habitesis dal <a href="/wiki/Homo_sapiens" class="mw-redirect" title="Homo sapiens">Homo sapiens</a> dum la <a href="/wiki/Petr-epoko" class="mw-redirect" title="Petr-epoko">petr-epoko</a>, ma ante to, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pithecanthropus_erectus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pithecanthropus erectus (pagino ne existas)">Pithecanthropus erectus</a> e <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sinanthropus_pekinensis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sinanthropus pekinensis (pagino ne existas)">Sinanthropus pekinensis</a> ja habitabis la regiono cirkume 1 miliono til 800 mil yari ante nun. La regiono esas bona por pastoral agadi. Dum la nomizita "<a href="/wiki/Neolitiko" title="Neolitiko">Neolitikala</a> revoluciono" (anke nomizita "<a href="/wiki/Agrokultivala_revoluciono" title="Agrokultivala revoluciono">agrokultivala revoluciono</a>") aparis populi qui nomizesis <i>Atbasar</i>, <i>Kelteminar</i>, <i>Botai</i>, e <i>Ust-Narym</i>. Historiisti kredas ke la populo <i>Botai</i> domestikigis <a href="/wiki/Kavalo" title="Kavalo">kavalo</a> en la <a href="/wiki/Stepo" title="Stepo">stepo</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Arkivo:Hunnish_-_Bracelet_-_Walters_571082_-_Detail_Back.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Hunnish_-_Bracelet_-_Walters_571082_-_Detail_Back.jpg/200px-Hunnish_-_Bracelet_-_Walters_571082_-_Detail_Back.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="187" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Hunnish_-_Bracelet_-_Walters_571082_-_Detail_Back.jpg/300px-Hunnish_-_Bracelet_-_Walters_571082_-_Detail_Back.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Hunnish_-_Bracelet_-_Walters_571082_-_Detail_Back.jpg/400px-Hunnish_-_Bracelet_-_Walters_571082_-_Detail_Back.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1680" /></a><figcaption>Braceleto de la Huni.</figcaption></figure> <p>Dum la komenco dil <a href="/wiki/Unesma_yarmilo" class="mw-redirect" title="Unesma yarmilo">unesma yarmilo</a> la stepo proxim <a href="/wiki/Kaspia_maro" class="mw-redirect" title="Kaspia maro">Kaspia maro</a> habitesis da diversa populi, precipue nomadi, qui parolis Indo-Europana lingui od Uralika lingui. Kande Huni eniris la regiono dum l'<a href="/wiki/1ma_yarcento" title="1ma yarcento">1ma yarcento</a> parto del originala habitanti diplasis weste, dum ke altra intermariajis kun la Huni. De la 2ma til la 5ma yarcento la populo <i>Yueban</i> arivis en la regiono. Dum la <a href="/wiki/8ma_yarcento" title="8ma yarcento">8ma</a> e <a href="/wiki/9ma_yarcento" title="9ma yarcento">9ma</a> yarcenti, <a href="/wiki/Arabia" title="Arabia">Arabi</a> invadis la regiono ed introduktis <a href="/wiki/Islamo" title="Islamo">islamo</a>. Malgre lua anciena historio, la politikala uniono di la regiono nur eventis pos la <a href="/wiki/Mongola_imperio" title="Mongola imperio">Mongola</a> invado dum la <a href="/wiki/13ma_yarcento" title="13ma yarcento">13ma yarcento</a>. Mongoli kreis administrala distrikti, qui tandem divenis parto de la Khanio di Kazakia. </p><p>Dum ta epoko, la tradicionala nomadeso e l'edukado di bestii duris en la <a href="/wiki/Stepo" title="Stepo">stepo</a>. Dum la 15ma yarcento gradope developesis la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kazaka_linguo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kazaka linguo (pagino ne existas)">linguo</a>, kulturo ed ekonomio Kazaka inter la lokala Turkika tribui. Dum la <a href="/wiki/17ma_yarcento" title="17ma yarcento">17ma yarcento</a> Kazaki luktis kontre l'Oiriati, federuro di Mongola tribui, inkluzite la tribuo Dzungar, e vinkis li en du batalii, en 1726 e 1729. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Arkivo:Prokudin-Gorskii_Russians_in_Central_Asia.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Prokudin-Gorskii_Russians_in_Central_Asia.jpg/250px-Prokudin-Gorskii_Russians_in_Central_Asia.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="238" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Prokudin-Gorskii_Russians_in_Central_Asia.jpg/375px-Prokudin-Gorskii_Russians_in_Central_Asia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Prokudin-Gorskii_Russians_in_Central_Asia.jpg/500px-Prokudin-Gorskii_Russians_in_Central_Asia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="974" /></a><figcaption>Decendanti de Rusa koloniigisti en Kazakstan.</figcaption></figure> <p>Dum la <a href="/wiki/19ma_yarcento" title="19ma yarcento">19ma yarcento</a> <a href="/wiki/Rusa_imperio" title="Rusa imperio">Rusa imperio</a> komencis lua expanso tra central Azia. Konflikti kun Britanian interesti en la regiono eventis pos <a href="/wiki/1813" title="1813">1813</a> - kande Rusi signatis la kontrato di Gulistan kun <a href="/wiki/Persia" class="mw-redirect" title="Persia">Persia</a> - til <a href="/wiki/1907" title="1907">1907</a>, kande Rusia e l'<a href="/wiki/Unionita_Rejio" title="Unionita Rejio">Unionita Rejio</a> signatis kontrato qua definis la regioni sub domeno Rusa e la regioni sub domeno Britaniana. Pos la <a href="/wiki/Yari_1890a" title="Yari 1890a">yari 1890a</a> kreskis l'ekmigro di Rusi vers Kazakstan. On kalkulas ke cirkume 400.000 Rusi enmigris dum la 19ma yarcento, e cirkume 6 milion Slavi, Germani, Judi ed altra populi enmigris dum l'unesma triimo de la <a href="/wiki/20ma_yarcento" title="20ma yarcento">20ma yarcento</a>. </p><p>Pos la falio di Rusa imperio en <a href="/wiki/1918" title="1918">1918</a>, Kazakstan havis kurta periodo di autonomeso, ma ye la <a href="/wiki/26ma_di_agosto" title="26ma di agosto">26ma di agosto</a> <a href="/wiki/1920" title="1920">1920</a> ol divenis l'Autonoma Socialista Sovietiana Republiko di Kirgizia. En la <a href="/wiki/5ma_di_decembro" title="5ma di decembro">5ma di decembro</a> <a href="/wiki/1936" title="1936">1936</a> ol divenis la <a href="/wiki/Republiko_Socialista_Sovietiana_Kazakstan" title="Republiko Socialista Sovietiana Kazakstan">Republiko Socialista Sovietiana Kazakstan</a>. De <a href="/wiki/1926" title="1926">1926</a> til <a href="/wiki/1939" title="1939">1939</a> la regiono perdis cirkume 22% di lua habitantaro pro <a href="/wiki/Hungro" title="Hungro">hungro</a> o multa ekmigreso. </p><p>Kande komencis l'agitesi en Sovietiana republiki pri nedependo, Kazakstan deklaris lua suvereneso interne Sovietia. En la <a href="/wiki/16ma_di_decembro" title="16ma di decembro">16ma di decembro</a> <a href="/wiki/1991" title="1991">1991</a> Kazakstan divenis la lasta Sovietiana republiko qua deklaris sua nedependo de Sovietia. Sub la guvernerio di <a href="/wiki/Nursultan_%C3%84bi%C5%9Ful%C4%B1_Nazarbayev" title="Nursultan Äbişulı Nazarbayev">Nursultan Nazarbayev</a>, qua asumis l'ofico en <a href="/wiki/1989" title="1989">1989</a>, la lando komencis adoptar l'<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekonomio_di_merkato&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ekonomio di merkato (pagino ne existas)">ekonomio di merkato</a>. Pro lua jaceyi di <a href="/wiki/Petrolo" title="Petrolo">petrolo</a> e <a href="/wiki/Naturala_gaso" title="Naturala gaso">naturala gaso</a>, l'ekonomio kreskis forte de pos la yaro <a href="/wiki/2000" title="2000">2000</a>. </p><p>Ye la <a href="/wiki/19ma_di_marto" title="19ma di marto">19ma di marto</a> <a href="/wiki/2019" title="2019">2019</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nursultan_%C3%84bi%C5%9Ful%C4%B1_Nazarbayev" title="Nursultan Äbişulı Nazarbayev">Nursultan Nazarbayev</a> anuncis lua renunco a la prezidanteso. <a href="/wiki/Qas%C4%B1m-Jomart_Kemelul%C4%B1_Toqayev" title="Qasım-Jomart Kemelulı Toqayev">Qasım-Jomart Toqayev</a> remplasis ilu la sequanta dio.<sup id="cite_ref-BBC_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBC-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Politiko">Politiko</h2></div> <figure typeof="mw:Error mw:File/Thumb"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=io&wpDestFile=Kazakh_Parliament_Astana.jpg" class="new" title="Arkivo:Kazakh Parliament Astana.jpg"><span class="mw-file-element mw-broken-media" data-width="250">Arkivo:Kazakh Parliament Astana.jpg</span></a><figcaption>Parlamento di Kazakstan, en <a href="/wiki/Nur-Sultan" class="mw-redirect" title="Nur-Sultan">Nur-Sultan</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Arkivo:Ak_Orda_Presidential_Palace_-_view_from_Pyramide.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Ak_Orda_Presidential_Palace_-_view_from_Pyramide.jpg/250px-Ak_Orda_Presidential_Palace_-_view_from_Pyramide.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Ak_Orda_Presidential_Palace_-_view_from_Pyramide.jpg/375px-Ak_Orda_Presidential_Palace_-_view_from_Pyramide.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Ak_Orda_Presidential_Palace_-_view_from_Pyramide.jpg/500px-Ak_Orda_Presidential_Palace_-_view_from_Pyramide.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4288" data-file-height="2848" /></a><figcaption>Prezidantala palaco <i>Ak Orda</i>, en <a href="/wiki/Nur-Sultan" class="mw-redirect" title="Nur-Sultan">Nur-Sultan</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Kazakstan esas parlamentala <a href="/wiki/Republiko" title="Republiko">republiko</a>. La <a href="/wiki/Chefo_di_stato" title="Chefo di stato">chefo di stato</a> esas la <a href="/wiki/Prezidanto" title="Prezidanto">prezidanto</a>, qua nominas la <a href="/wiki/Chefministro" title="Chefministro">chefministro</a>, qua esas la <a href="/wiki/Chefo_di_guvernerio" title="Chefo di guvernerio">chefo di guvernerio</a>]. <a href="/wiki/Nursultan_%C3%84bi%C5%9Ful%C4%B1_Nazarbayev" title="Nursultan Äbişulı Nazarbayev">Nursultan Nazarbayev</a> guvernis kom prezidanto de la nedependo en <a href="/wiki/1991" title="1991">1991</a> til la <a href="/wiki/19ma_di_marto" title="19ma di marto">19ma di marto</a> <a href="/wiki/2019" title="2019">2019</a>, kande ilu renuncis.<sup id="cite_ref-BBC_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBC-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Qas%C4%B1m-Jomart_Kemelul%C4%B1_Toqayev" title="Qasım-Jomart Kemelulı Toqayev">Qasım-Jomart Toqayev</a> asumis provizore la prezidanteso la sequanta dio. </p><p>Lua <a href="/wiki/Legifala_povo" class="mw-redirect" title="Legifala povo">legifala povo</a> konsistas ek parlamento, kompozata da du chambri. La basa chambro (<i>Majilis</i>) havas 107 membri qui elektesas dal populo por 5 yari. L'alta chambro esas la Senato, qua havas 47 membri, di qui 40 elektesas da lokala asemblaji por 6 yari, e la cetera elektesas dal prezidanto. Pluse, l'ex-prezidanti di la republiko automatale divenas dumviva senatani. </p><p>Existas 44 judiciisti en la Supra Korto di la Republiko di Kazakstan, kontre ke la Konstitucala korto havas 7 membri. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geografio">Geografio</h2></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Arkivo:Kazakhstan-CIA_WFB_Map.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Kazakhstan-CIA_WFB_Map.png/320px-Kazakhstan-CIA_WFB_Map.png" decoding="async" width="320" height="162" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Kazakhstan-CIA_WFB_Map.png/480px-Kazakhstan-CIA_WFB_Map.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0c/Kazakhstan-CIA_WFB_Map.png 2x" data-file-width="632" data-file-height="319" /></a><figcaption>Mapo di Kazakstan kun lua precipua urbi.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Arkivo:%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D0%BE%D1%82_%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_-_panoramio.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D0%BE%D1%82_%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_-_panoramio.jpg/320px-%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D0%BE%D1%82_%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_-_panoramio.jpg" decoding="async" width="320" height="139" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D0%BE%D1%82_%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_-_panoramio.jpg/480px-%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D0%BE%D1%82_%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_-_panoramio.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D0%BE%D1%82_%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_-_panoramio.jpg/640px-%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D0%BE%D1%82_%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_-_panoramio.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3800" data-file-height="1647" /></a><figcaption>La montaro <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tian_Shan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tian Shan (pagino ne existas)">Tian Shan</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Arkivo:Kazakhstan_map_of_K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Kazakhstan_map_of_K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification.jpg/320px-Kazakhstan_map_of_K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification.jpg" decoding="async" width="320" height="205" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Kazakhstan_map_of_K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification.jpg/480px-Kazakhstan_map_of_K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Kazakhstan_map_of_K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification.jpg/640px-Kazakhstan_map_of_K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1259" data-file-height="805" /></a><figcaption>Klimatala mapo di Kazakstan.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Arkivo:Steppe.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Steppe.jpg/320px-Steppe.jpg" decoding="async" width="320" height="174" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Steppe.jpg/480px-Steppe.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Steppe.jpg/640px-Steppe.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4508" data-file-height="2446" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Stepo" title="Stepo">Stepo</a> proxim <a href="/wiki/Almat%C4%B1" title="Almatı">Almatı</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Kun 2,7 milion km² - surfaco equivalanta olta de Westal Europa - Kazakstan esas la 9ma maxim vasta lando del mondo. Ol havas 6 846 km di frontieri kun <a href="/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia">Rusia</a>, 2 203 km kun <a href="/wiki/Uzbekistan" title="Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a>, 1 533 km kun <a href="/wiki/Popul-Republiko_Chinia" title="Popul-Republiko Chinia">Popul-Republiko Chinia</a>, 1 051 km kun <a href="/wiki/Kirgizistan" title="Kirgizistan">Kirgizistan</a>, e 379 km kun <a href="/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a>. Granda parto di lua surfaco jacas en <a href="/wiki/Azia" title="Azia">Azia</a>, ma mikra teritorio jacas weste del <a href="/w/index.php?title=Urali&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Urali (pagino ne existas)">Urali</a>, en <a href="/wiki/Europa" title="Europa">Europa</a>. </p><p>La teritorio di Kazakstan iras de <a href="/wiki/Kaspia_maro" class="mw-redirect" title="Kaspia maro">Kaspia maro</a> weste til la <a href="/wiki/Montaro_Altai" title="Montaro Altai">montaro Altai</a>. La Kazakstanana <a href="/wiki/Stepo" title="Stepo">stepo</a> kovras 804 500 km², equivalanta ad 1/3 de la stepi de la lando. Sud-este de la lando jacas la montaro <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tian_Shan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tian Shan (pagino ne existas)">Tian Shan</a>. Lua maxim alta monto havas 7.010 metri di <a href="/wiki/Altitudo" title="Altitudo">altitudo</a>. </p><p>La precipua fluvii e riveri de la lando esas Ili, Irtysh, Ishim, <a href="/wiki/Fluvio_Ural" class="mw-redirect" title="Fluvio Ural">Ural</a> (weste de la lando) e <a href="/wiki/Syr_Darya" title="Syr Darya">Syr Darya</a>, e la precipua lagi esas <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lago_Balkhash&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lago Balkhash (pagino ne existas)">Balkash</a> e Zaysan. La <a href="/w/index.php?title=Maro_Aral&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maro Aral (pagino ne existas)">maro Aral</a>, olim la 4ma maxim granda lago de la mondo, kovrinta 68 mil km², gradope diminutis pro la trouzo por <a href="/wiki/Irigaco" title="Irigaco">irigaco</a> dil aqui de la riveri qui debushis an ol. Nun, ol restas dividita en du parti: la norda Aral kovris 3,8 mil km² en 2008, kontre ke suda Aral kovris 3,3 mil km² en 2005. L'aqui de la du parti esas multe kontaminata per pest-ocidili e pezoza metali. </p><p>La dominacanta klimato norde de Kazakstan esas kontinentala, kun varma someri e vintri multe kolda. Sude e de la lando la klimato esas miarida (<i>Bsk</i>, segun la <a href="/wiki/Klimatala_klasifikuro_da_K%C3%B6ppen" title="Klimatala klasifikuro da Köppen">klimatala klasifikuro da Köppen</a>) o kolda arida (<i>Bwk</i>). <a href="/wiki/Nur-Sultan" class="mw-redirect" title="Nur-Sultan">Nur-Sultan</a> esas la 2ma maxim kolda chef-urbo del mondo, dop <a href="/wiki/Ulan_Bator" class="mw-redirect" title="Ulan Bator">Ulan Bator</a>. Quale en altra arida regioni, la <a href="/wiki/Pluvo-quanto" title="Pluvo-quanto">pluvo-quanto</a> esas poka, e la vintri esas multe sika. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ekonomio">Ekonomio</h2></div> <table style="margin-left:20px"> <tbody><tr> <td> <i>Precipua artiklo: <a href="/wiki/Ekonomio_di_Kazakstan" title="Ekonomio di Kazakstan">Ekonomio di Kazakstan</a></i> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demografio">Demografio</h2></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Arkivo:Population_of_Kazakhstan.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Population_of_Kazakhstan.PNG/250px-Population_of_Kazakhstan.PNG" decoding="async" width="250" height="197" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Population_of_Kazakhstan.PNG/375px-Population_of_Kazakhstan.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Population_of_Kazakhstan.PNG/500px-Population_of_Kazakhstan.PNG 2x" data-file-width="1201" data-file-height="944" /></a><figcaption>Evoluciono dil habitantaro di Kazakstan 1950-2014.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Arkivo:Kazakh_women.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Kazakh_women.jpg/250px-Kazakh_women.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="194" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Kazakh_women.jpg/375px-Kazakh_women.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Kazakh_women.jpg/500px-Kazakh_women.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2672" data-file-height="2072" /></a><figcaption>Kazakstanana mulieri.</figcaption></figure> <p>Segun statistiki de <i>The World Factbook</i> por 2018, Kazakstan havis 18 744 548 habitanti. La maxim multa (63,1%) esas Kazaki. Rusi esas 23,7%, Uzbeki esas 2,9%, Ukrainani esas 2,1%, Uiguri esas 1,4%, Tatar 1,3%, Germani esas 1,1%, ed altra etnii esas 4,4% segun statistiki por 2009.<sup id="cite_ref-CIA_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CIA-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>L'oficala linguo di la lando esas <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kazaka_linguo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kazaka linguo (pagino ne existas)">Kazaka</a> parolata o komprenata da 74% de la habitantaro. <a href="/wiki/Rusa_linguo" title="Rusa linguo">Rusa</a> ank esas oficala, e parolata o komprenata da 94% de la habitantaro (statistiki por 2009).<sup id="cite_ref-CIA_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CIA-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>La <a href="/wiki/Religio" title="Religio">religio</a> kun maxim granda nombro di adepti esas Islamo (70,2% de la habitantaro). Kristani esas 26,2%, precipue Ortodoxa Rusi, 2% praktikas altra religii, 2,8% esas atei, e 0,6% ne informis pri religio.<sup id="cite_ref-CIA_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CIA-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Lua maxim populoza urbi esas <a href="/wiki/Almat%C4%B1" title="Almatı">Almatı</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nur-Sultan" class="mw-redirect" title="Nur-Sultan">Nur-Sultan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Qara%C4%9Fand%C4%B1" title="Qarağandı">Qarağandı</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C5%9E%C4%B1mkent" title="Şımkent">Şımkent</a>, <a href="/wiki/At%C4%B1raw" title="Atıraw">Atıraw</a> e <a href="/wiki/%C3%96skemen" title="Öskemen">Öskemen</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kulturo">Kulturo</h2></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Arkivo:Ala-kiyiz_in_making.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Ala-kiyiz_in_making.jpg/320px-Ala-kiyiz_in_making.jpg" decoding="async" width="320" height="240" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Ala-kiyiz_in_making.jpg/480px-Ala-kiyiz_in_making.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/31/Ala-kiyiz_in_making.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="375" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Tapiso" class="mw-redirect" title="Tapiso">Tapiso</a> Kazakstanana.</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Islamo" title="Islamo">Islamo</a>, la dominacanta religio di Kazakstan, influis l'arto, la mestiero e la koquarto di Kazakstan, exemple la tradicionala tapisi e tapeti kun abstrakta desegnuri. Dum yarcenti, Kazakstanani edukis <a href="/wiki/Mutono" title="Mutono">mutoni</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kamelo" title="Kamelo">kameli</a> e <a href="/wiki/Kavalo" title="Kavalo">kavali</a> por transporto, e por furnisar vestaro e <a href="/wiki/Karno" title="Karno">karno</a>. La koquo-ingredienti e tekniki influesis multe dal vivo-stilo nomada, exemple la tekniki por konservar nutrivi, exemple saltigar e sikigar la karno, od uzar acidatra lakto, pro ol esas plu simpla sparar kam fresha lakto. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:Error mw:File/Thumb"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=io&wpDestFile=AbaiPainting.jpg" class="new" title="Arkivo:AbaiPainting.jpg"><span class="mw-file-element mw-broken-media" data-width="200">Arkivo:AbaiPainting.jpg</span></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Aba%C3%BD_Qunanba%C3%BDul%C4%B1" title="Abaý Qunanbaýulı">Abaý Qunanbaýulı</a>, filozofo, kompozisto e poeto.</figcaption></figure> <p>La <a href="/wiki/Literaturo" title="Literaturo">literaturo</a> di Kazakstan definesas kom "tota literaturo, imprimata o parolata, produktita en <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kazakstanana_linguo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kazakstanana linguo (pagino ne existas)">Kazakstanana linguo</a> dal populo Kazakstanana qui habitas central Azia.<sup id="cite_ref-Feldman_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Feldman-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ol inkluzas la verki produktita en la <a href="/wiki/Republiko_Socialista_Sovietiana_Kazakstan" title="Republiko Socialista Sovietiana Kazakstan">Republiko Socialista Sovietiana Kazakstan</a> ed ank en <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kazaka_Khanio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kazaka Khanio (pagino ne existas)">Kazaka Khanio</a>. Segun Chiniana fonti de la 6ma til la 8ma yarcenti, la populi qui lor habitis Kazakstan havis forta parolala tradiciono pri poezio. La verki da <a href="/wiki/Aba%C3%BD_Qunanba%C3%BDul%C4%B1" title="Abaý Qunanbaýulı">Abaý Qunanbaýulı</a> (1845 til 1904) kontributis por prezervar la folkloro di la lando. Inter altra importanta nomi en la literaturo, <a href="/wiki/Filozofio" title="Filozofio">filozofio</a> e <a href="/wiki/Cienco" title="Cienco">cienco</a> di la lando esas: <a href="/wiki/%C5%9E%C3%A4k%C3%A4rim_Quda%C3%BDberdiul%C4%B1" title="Şäkärim Qudaýberdiulı">Şäkärim Qudaýberdiulı</a>, <a href="/wiki/Muxtar_Omarxanul%C4%B1_%C3%84wezov" title="Muxtar Omarxanulı Äwezov">Muxtar Äwezov</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C4%9Eab%C3%AFt_Maxmutul%C4%B1_M%C3%BCsirepov" title="Ğabït Maxmutulı Müsirepov">Ğabït Müsirepov</a>, <a href="/wiki/Qan%C4%B1%C5%9F_%C3%8Fmanta%C3%BDul%C4%B1_S%C3%A4tbayev" title="Qanış Ïmantaýulı Sätbayev">Qanış Sätbayev</a>, <a href="/wiki/Muxtar_%C5%9Eaxanov" title="Muxtar Şaxanov">Muxtar Şaxanov</a>, <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A4ken_Se%C3%BDfwll%C3%AFn" title="Säken Seýfwllïn">Säken Seýfwllïn</a> e <a href="/wiki/Jamb%C4%B1l_Jaba%C3%BDul%C4%B1" title="Jambıl Jabaýulı">Jambıl Jabaýulı</a>. </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Arkivo:%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%A6%D0%9A%D0%97_2011_02.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%A6%D0%9A%D0%97_2011_02.jpg/320px-%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%A6%D0%9A%D0%97_2011_02.jpg" decoding="async" width="320" height="240" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%A6%D0%9A%D0%97_2011_02.jpg/480px-%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%A6%D0%9A%D0%97_2011_02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%A6%D0%9A%D0%97_2011_02.jpg/640px-%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%A6%D0%9A%D0%97_2011_02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1920" /></a><figcaption>Statala Filarmoniala <a href="/wiki/Orkestro" title="Orkestro">Orkestro</a> di Kazakstan</figcaption></figure> <p>Pri <a href="/wiki/Muziko" title="Muziko">muziko</a>, l'Orkestro Kurmangazy di Tradicionala Instrumenti, La Statala Filarmoniala Orkestro di Kazakstan, la Nacionala Opero e la Chambro-orkestro di Kazakstan esas la precipua de la lando. Rusia influis la vivo muzikala di la lando per du formi: unlatere, li kreis koncerto-domi, orkestri, konservatorii ed altra institucuri por docar klasika muziko; altralatere li probis enkorpigar tradicionala muziko e tradicionala instrumenti en ca orkestri. Dum la komenco dil 19ma yarcento, Kazakstanana muziko transskribesis per lineara not-sistemo, e kelka muzikisti adaptis folklorala muziki a la stilo klasika ocidentala, adportita dal Rusi. </p><p>Nun, existas esforci pri rekuperar la tradicionala folklorala muziko qua praktikesis ante Rusa influo. Tamen, nova generacioni di muzikisti anke probas mixar tradicionala instrumenti e muziki a <a href="/wiki/Jazz" class="mw-redirect" title="Jazz">jazz</a> e <a href="/wiki/Rock" title="Rock">rock</a>, exemple la bandi Urker e Ulytau. </p><p>Multa Olimpiala sporti praktikesas en Kazakstan, nome <a href="/wiki/Boxo" title="Boxo">boxo</a>. Pri <a href="/wiki/Atletismo" title="Atletismo">atletismo</a>, du importanta nomi esas <a href="/wiki/Dm%C3%AFtr%C3%AF%C3%BD_Vas%C3%AFl%CA%B9yev%C3%AF%C3%A7_Karpov" title="Dmïtrïý Vasïlʹyevïç Karpov">Dmïtrïý Karpov</a> e <a href="/wiki/Ol%CA%B9ga_Sergeyevna_R%C4%B1pakova" title="Olʹga Sergeyevna Rıpakova">Olʹga Rıpakova</a>, qua ganis tri Olimpiala medalii: arjenta en Beijing-2008, ora en London-2012, e bronza en Rio de Janeiro-2016. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Futbalo" title="Futbalo">Futbalo</a> esas la maxim populara sporto en la lando. Altra populara sporti esas <a href="/wiki/Basketbalo" title="Basketbalo">basketbalo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hokeo_sur_glacio" title="Hokeo sur glacio">hokeo sur glacio</a>, <i>bandy</i> (konsiderata 'ancestro' dil <a href="/wiki/Hokeo_sur_glacio" title="Hokeo sur glacio">hokeo* sur glacio</a>]) e <a href="/wiki/Boxo" title="Boxo">boxo</a>. La maxim famoza Kazakstanana basketbalisto esis <a href="/wiki/%C3%84ljan_M%C3%BCsirbekul%C4%B1_Jarmuxamedov" title="Äljan Müsirbekulı Jarmuxamedov">Äljan Jarmuxamedov</a>, qua ludis por la basketbalo-esquado di CSKA e por <a href="/wiki/Sovietia" class="mw-redirect" title="Sovietia">Sovietia</a> dum la yari 1960a e 1970a. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referi">Referi</h2></div> <small><div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-CIA-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-CIA_1-0">1,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-CIA_1-1">1,1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-CIA_1-2">1,2</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-CIA_1-3">1,3</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/kazakhstan/">Kazakhstan - The World Factbook</a> - Publikigita da CIA. URL vidita ye 23ma di novembro 2018. </cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BBC-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-BBC_2-0">2,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-BBC_2-1">2,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-47628854">Kazakh leader Nazarbayev resigns after three decades</a> - Publikigita da BBC. Dato di publikigo: 19ma di marto 2019. URL vidita ye 23ma di marto 2019. Idiomo: Angla.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Feldman-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Feldman_3-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/art/Kazakh-literature">Kazakh literature</a> - Autoro: Walter Feldman. Publikigita da Encyclopædia Britannica. URL vidita ye 31ma di oktobro 2017. </cite></span> </li> </ol></div></small> <table class="navbox collapsible autocollapse nowraplinks noprint" style="margin:auto; width:100%; clear:both; border: 1px solid #aaa; padding: 2px;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="3" style="text-align:center; width:100%; background:#ccf; font-size:90%;"><div class="noprint plainlinks" style="float:left; font-size:xx-small; width:6em; text-align:left; padding:0 10px;"><a href="/wiki/Shablono:Landi_en_Azia" title="Shablono:Landi en Azia"><span title="Irez a la pagino dil shablono.">v</span></a> · <a href="/wiki/Shablono_Debato:Landi_en_Azia" title="Shablono Debato:Landi en Azia"><span style="color:#002bb8;" title="Diskuto pri la shablono.">d</span></a> · <a class="external text" href="https://io.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shablono:Landi_en_Azia&action=edit"><span style="color:#002bb8;" title="Uzebla por modifikar la shablono. Uzez pre-vidado (preview) ante prezervar.">m</span></a></div><span style="font-size:110%;"><a href="/wiki/Listo_pri_nedependanta_stati" title="Listo pri nedependanta stati">Nedependanta</a> e dependanta teritorii en <a href="/wiki/Azia" title="Azia">Azia</a></span></th> </tr><tr><th style="background:#ddf; white-space:nowrap; padding:0 10px; font-size:90%; ;"><a href="/wiki/Suverena_stati" class="mw-redirect" title="Suverena stati">Suverena stati</a></th><td style="width:100%; font-size:90%; text-align:left; ; ;" colspan="1"><a href="/wiki/Afganistan" title="Afganistan">Afganistan</a> • <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan" title="Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a> • <a href="/wiki/Bahrain" title="Bahrain">Bahrain</a> • <a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a> • <a href="/wiki/Brunei" title="Brunei">Brunei</a> • <a href="/wiki/Bhutan" title="Bhutan">Bhutan</a> • <a href="/wiki/Chinia" class="mw-disambig" title="Chinia">Chinia</a> • <a href="/wiki/Estal_Timor" title="Estal Timor">Estal Timor</a> • <a href="/wiki/Filipini" title="Filipini">Filipini</a> • <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> • <a href="/wiki/Indonezia" title="Indonezia">Indonezia</a> • <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a> • <a href="/wiki/Irak" title="Irak">Irak</a> • <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a> • <a href="/wiki/Japonia" title="Japonia">Japonia</a> • <a href="/wiki/Jordania" title="Jordania">Jordania</a> • <a href="/wiki/Kambodja" title="Kambodja">Kambodja</a> • <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kazakstan</a> • <a href="/wiki/Kirgizistan" title="Kirgizistan">Kirgizistan</a> • <a href="/wiki/Kuwait" title="Kuwait">Kuwait</a> • <a href="/wiki/Laos" title="Laos">Laos</a> • <a href="/wiki/Libano" title="Libano">Libano</a> • <a href="/wiki/Malaizia" title="Malaizia">Malaizia</a> • <a href="/wiki/Maldivi" title="Maldivi">Maldivi</a> • <a href="/wiki/Myanmar" title="Myanmar">Myanmar</a> • <a href="/wiki/Mongolia" title="Mongolia">Mongolia</a> • <a href="/wiki/Nepal" title="Nepal">Nepal</a> • <a href="/wiki/Nord-Korea" title="Nord-Korea">Nord-Korea</a> • <a href="/wiki/Oman" title="Oman">Oman</a> • <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a> • <a href="/wiki/Katar" title="Katar">Katar</a> • <a href="/wiki/Saudi-Arabia" title="Saudi-Arabia">Saudi-Arabia</a> • <a href="/wiki/Singapur" title="Singapur">Singapur</a> • <a href="/wiki/Siria" title="Siria">Siria</a> • <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" class="mw-redirect" title="Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a> • <a href="/wiki/Sud-Korea" title="Sud-Korea">Sud-Korea</a> • <a href="/wiki/Tajikistan" title="Tajikistan">Tajikistan</a> • <a href="/wiki/Tailando" title="Tailando">Tailando</a> • <a href="/wiki/Taiwan" class="mw-redirect" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</a> • <a href="/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a> • <a href="/wiki/Turkia" title="Turkia">Turkia</a> • <a href="/wiki/Unionita_Araba_Emirii" title="Unionita Araba Emirii">Unionita Araba Emirii</a> • <a href="/wiki/Uzbekistan" title="Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a> • <a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a> • <a href="/wiki/Yemen" title="Yemen">Yemen</a></td><td rowspan="3" style="vertical-align:middle; padding-left:7px; width:0%; padding: 0 0.5em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Arkivo:Asia_(orthographic_projection).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/100px-Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/150px-Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/200px-Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="541" data-file-height="541" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th style="background:#ddf; white-space:nowrap; padding:0 10px; font-size:90%; ;">Stati kun restriktita agnosko</th> <td style="width:100%; font-size:90%; text-align:left;background:#f7f7f7; ; ;" colspan="1"><a href="/wiki/Abkhazia" class="mw-redirect" title="Abkhazia">Abkhazia</a> • <a href="/wiki/Republiko_Arcah" title="Republiko Arcah">Republiko Arcah</a> • <a href="/wiki/Turka_republiko_di_Norda_Chipro" title="Turka republiko di Norda Chipro">Turka republiko di Norda Chipro</a> • <a href="/wiki/Sud-Osetia" title="Sud-Osetia">Sud-Osetia</a> • <a href="/wiki/Taiwan" class="mw-redirect" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</a></td></tr><tr><th style="background:#ddf; white-space:nowrap; padding:0 10px; font-size:90%; ;"><a href="/wiki/Listo_pri_nesuverena_teritorii" title="Listo pri nesuverena teritorii">Nesuverena teritorii</a>, inkluzite<br />regioni kun specala stando en Chinia</th> <td style="width:100%; font-size:90%; text-align:left; ; ;" colspan="1">Australia: <a href="/wiki/Insulo_Christmas" title="Insulo Christmas">Insulo Christmas</a> • <a href="/wiki/Insuli_Cocos_(Keeling)" class="mw-redirect" title="Insuli Cocos (Keeling)">Insuli Cocos (Keeling)</a><br />P R Chinia: <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a> • <a href="/wiki/Makau" title="Makau">Makau</a><br />Unionita Rejio: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Akrotiri_e_Dhekelia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Akrotiri e Dhekelia (pagino ne existas)">Akrotiri e Dhekelia</a> • <a href="/wiki/Britaniana_teritorio_che_Indiana_Oceano" class="mw-redirect" title="Britaniana teritorio che Indiana Oceano">Britaniana teritorio che Indiana Oceano</a></td></tr></tbody></table></div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Obtenita de "<a dir="ltr" href="https://io.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kazakstan&oldid=1021936">https://io.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kazakstan&oldid=1021936</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Specala:Kategorii" title="Specala:Kategorii">Kategorii</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorio:Pagini_kun_ligili_a_neexistanta_pagini" title="Kategorio:Pagini kun ligili a neexistanta pagini">Pagini kun ligili a neexistanta pagini</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorio:Kazakstan" title="Kategorio:Kazakstan">Kazakstan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorio:Central_Azia" title="Kategorio:Central Azia">Central Azia</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Ica pagino modifikesis ye 03:36, 8 di agosto. 2023.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">La texto esas disponebla sub la <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License</a>; suplementala reguli forsan aplikesas. Videz <a class="external text" href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use">Termini pri uzo</a> por detali.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Politiko pri privateso</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedio:Pri_Wikipedio">Pri Wikipedio</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedio:Generala_des-agnosko">Legala averto</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Kodexo pri kondukto</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Kreinti di la programo</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/io.wikipedia.org">Statistiko</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Informo pri l'uzo di 'cookies'</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//io.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kazakstan&diff=prev&oldid=1021936&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Vidado por portebla aparati</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-57488d5c7d-7pc7v","wgBackendResponseTime":1038,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.447","walltime":"0.682","ppvisitednodes":{"value":1144,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":19136,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":6135,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":8,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":0,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":0,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":2658,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 441.359 1 -total"," 91.86% 405.442 1 Shablono:Landi"," 3.51% 15.494 1 Shablono:Reflist"," 2.86% 12.636 1 Shablono:Landi_en_Azia"," 2.19% 9.656 1 Shablono:Navbox_generic"," 1.77% 7.832 3 Shablono:Extera_ligilo"," 0.78% 3.457 1 Shablono:En"," 0.73% 3.202 2 Shablono:PA"," 0.30% 1.309 1 Shablono:Blazono"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.305","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":8332023,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-57488d5c7d-7pc7v","timestamp":"20241128013749","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Kazakstan","url":"https:\/\/io.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kazakstan","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q232","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q232","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2006-04-09T17:30:53Z","dateModified":"2023-08-08T03:36:16Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/d\/d3\/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg"}</script> </body> </html>