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href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:10_%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%89%D0%B0,_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE_%D1%82%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B1%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B5_%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F%D1%82_%D0%B7%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5_%D0%B2_%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F"><span>Картинки</span></a></li><li id="n-Поведение" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5"><span>Поведение</span></a></li><li id="n-Изпробване" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%9F%D1%8F%D1%81%D1%8A%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA"><span>Изпробване</span></a></li><li id="n-Нова-статия" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%92%D1%8A%D0%BB%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA"><span>Нова статия</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-Общувайте" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-Общувайте" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Общувайте </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-Блог-на-общността" class="mw-list-item"><a href="https://blog.wikimedia.bg/" rel="nofollow"><span>Блог на общността</span></a></li><li id="n-Фейсбук-страница" class="mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.facebook.com/WikipediaBG" rel="nofollow"><span>Фейсбук страница</span></a></li><li id="n-Фейсбук-група" class="mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.facebook.com/groups/WikipediaBG" rel="nofollow"><span>Фейсбук група</span></a></li><li id="n-🎮-Дискорд" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%94%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4"><span>🎮 Дискорд</span></a></li><li id="n-Телеграм" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC"><span>Телеграм</span></a></li><li id="n-IRC" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:IRC"><span>IRC</span></a></li><li id="n-GitHub" class="mw-list-item"><a href="https://github.com/wikimedia-bg" rel="nofollow"><span>GitHub</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Уикипедия" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-bg.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.3125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="Свободната енциклопедия" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-bg.svg" width="120" height="12" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.75em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8:%D0%A2%D1%8A%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Претърсване на Уикипедия [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Търсене</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Търсене в Уикипедия" aria-label="Търсене в Уикипедия" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Претърсване на Уикипедия [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Специални:Търсене"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Търсене</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Лични инструменти"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Облик"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Облик" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Облик</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_bg.wikipedia.org&uselang=bg" class=""><span>Направете дарение</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8:%D0%A1%D1%8A%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B0&returnto=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE-%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2+%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82&returntoquery=section%3D2%26veaction%3Dedit%26redirect%3Dno" title="Насърчаваме Ви да си създадете сметка и да влезете, въпреки че не е задължително." class=""><span>Създаване на сметка</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8:%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8_%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5&returnto=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE-%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2+%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82&returntoquery=section%3D2%26veaction%3Dedit%26redirect%3Dno" title="Препоръчваме Ви да влезете, въпреки, че не е задължително. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Влизане</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Допълнителни опции" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Лични инструменти" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Лични инструменти</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Потребителско меню" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_bg.wikipedia.org&uselang=bg"><span>Направете дарение</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8:%D0%A1%D1%8A%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B0&returnto=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE-%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2+%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82&returntoquery=section%3D2%26veaction%3Dedit%26redirect%3Dno" title="Насърчаваме Ви да си създадете сметка и да влезете, въпреки че не е задължително."><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Създаване на сметка</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8:%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8_%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5&returnto=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE-%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2+%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82&returntoquery=section%3D2%26veaction%3Dedit%26redirect%3Dno" title="Препоръчваме Ви да влезете, въпреки, че не е задължително. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Влизане</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Страници за излезли от системата редактори <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%89:%D0%92%D1%8A%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5" aria-label="Научете повече за редактирането"><span>научете повече</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8:%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B8" title="Списък на промените, направени от този IP адрес [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Приноси</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8:%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Дискусия относно редакциите от този адрес [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Беседа</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Сайт"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Съдържание" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Съдържание</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">преместване към страничната лента</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">скриване</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Начало</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-История" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#История"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>История</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-История-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Характеристики" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Характеристики"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Характеристики</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Характеристики-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Принцип_на_действие" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Принцип_на_действие"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Принцип на действие</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Принцип_на_действие-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Устройство" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Устройство"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Устройство</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Устройство-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Области_на_използване" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Области_на_използване"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Области на използване</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Области_на_използване-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Източници" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Източници"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Източници</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Източници-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Литература" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Литература"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Литература</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Литература-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Външни_препратки" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Външни_препратки"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Външни препратки</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Външни_препратки-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Съдържание" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Скриване/показване на съдържанието" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Скриване/показване на съдържанието</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Мангано-цинков елемент</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Към статията на друг език. Налична на 27 езика" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-27" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">27 езика</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B7%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%B2%D9%86%D9%83_%D9%88%D9%83%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%86" title="بطارية زنك وكربون – арабски" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بطارية زنك وكربون" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="арабски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pila_de_zinc-carboni" title="Pila de zinc-carboni – каталонски" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Pila de zinc-carboni" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="каталонски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zinko-uhl%C3%ADkov%C3%BD_%C4%8Dl%C3%A1nek" title="Zinko-uhlíkový článek – чешки" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Zinko-uhlíkový článek" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="чешки" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zink-Kohle-Zelle" title="Zink-Kohle-Zelle – немски" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Zink-Kohle-Zelle" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="немски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zinc%E2%80%93carbon_battery" title="Zinc–carbon battery – английски" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Zinc–carbon battery" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="английски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pila_de_zinc-carbono" title="Pila de zinc-carbono – испански" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Pila de zinc-carbono" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="испански" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsinks%C3%BCsielement" title="Tsinksüsielement – естонски" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Tsinksüsielement" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="естонски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%B1%D9%88%DB%8C%E2%80%93%DA%A9%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%86" title="باتری روی–کربن – персийски" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="باتری روی–کربن" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="персийски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinkki%E2%80%93hiili-paristo" title="Sinkki–hiili-paristo – фински" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Sinkki–hiili-paristo" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="фински" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cink-ugljik_baterija" title="Cink-ugljik baterija – хърватски" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Cink-ugljik baterija" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="хърватски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9E%E3%83%B3%E3%82%AC%E3%83%B3%E4%B9%BE%E9%9B%BB%E6%B1%A0" title="マンガン乾電池 – японски" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="マンガン乾電池" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="японски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A7%9D%EA%B0%84_%EA%B1%B4%EC%A0%84%EC%A7%80" title="망간 건전지 – корейски" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="망간 건전지" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="корейски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zink-koolstofcel" title="Zink-koolstofcel – нидерландски" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Zink-koolstofcel" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="нидерландски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sink-karbon-batteri" title="Sink-karbon-batteri – норвежки (букмол)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Sink-karbon-batteri" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="норвежки (букмол)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BF%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%95-%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%A8_%E0%A8%AC%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%9F%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%80" title="ਜ਼ਿੰਕ-ਕਾਰਬਨ ਬੈਟਰੀ – пенджабски" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਜ਼ਿੰਕ-ਕਾਰਬਨ ਬੈਟਰੀ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="пенджабски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D9%86%DA%A9_%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%86_%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%B9%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="زنک کاربن بیٹری – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="زنک کاربن بیٹری" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BE-%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D1%8D%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82" title="Марганцево-цинковый элемент – руски" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Марганцево-цинковый элемент" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="руски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cink-ugljeni%C4%8Dna_baterija" title="Cink-ugljenična baterija – сърбохърватски" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Cink-ugljenična baterija" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="сърбохърватски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8A-%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%B6%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A_%E0%B6%B6%E0%B7%90%E0%B6%A7%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA" title="සින්ක්-කාබන් බැටරිය – синхалски" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="සින්ක්-කාබන් බැටරිය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="синхалски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zinko-uhl%C3%ADkov%C3%BD_%C4%8Dl%C3%A1nok" title="Zinko-uhlíkový článok – словашки" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Zinko-uhlíkový článok" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="словашки" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BA-%D1%83%D0%B3%D1%99%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Цинк-угљенична батерија – сръбски" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Цинк-угљенична батерија" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="сръбски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brunstensbatteri" title="Brunstensbatteri – шведски" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Brunstensbatteri" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="шведски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%95-%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AE_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="துத்தநாக-கரிம மின்கலம் – тамилски" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="துத்தநாக-கரிம மின்கலம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="тамилски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87inko-karbon_pil" title="Çinko-karbon pil – турски" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Çinko-karbon pil" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="турски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%83%D0%B3%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%BE-%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82" title="Вугільно-цинковий гальванічний елемент – украински" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Вугільно-цинковий гальванічний елемент" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="украински" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A2%B3%E9%94%8C%E7%94%B5%E6%B1%A0" title="碳锌电池 – китайски" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="碳锌电池" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="китайски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A2%B3%E6%80%A7%E9%9B%BB%E8%8A%AF" title="碳性電芯 – кантонски" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="碳性電芯" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="кантонски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q28765#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Редактиране на междуезиковите препратки" class="wbc-editpage">Редактиране</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Именни пространства"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon 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vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Облик</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">преместване към страничната лента</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">скриване</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">от Уикипедия, свободната енциклопедия</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="bg" dir="ltr"><figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:%E6%97%A5%E7%AB%8B%E3%83%96%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%83%89%E3%81%AE%E3%83%9E%E3%83%B3%E3%82%AC%E3%83%B3%E9%9B%BB%E6%B1%A0.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/%E6%97%A5%E7%AB%8B%E3%83%96%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%83%89%E3%81%AE%E3%83%9E%E3%83%B3%E3%82%AC%E3%83%B3%E9%9B%BB%E6%B1%A0.JPG/300px-%E6%97%A5%E7%AB%8B%E3%83%96%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%83%89%E3%81%AE%E3%83%9E%E3%83%B3%E3%82%AC%E3%83%B3%E9%9B%BB%E6%B1%A0.JPG" decoding="async" width="300" height="211" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/%E6%97%A5%E7%AB%8B%E3%83%96%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%83%89%E3%81%AE%E3%83%9E%E3%83%B3%E3%82%AC%E3%83%B3%E9%9B%BB%E6%B1%A0.JPG/450px-%E6%97%A5%E7%AB%8B%E3%83%96%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%83%89%E3%81%AE%E3%83%9E%E3%83%B3%E3%82%AC%E3%83%B3%E9%9B%BB%E6%B1%A0.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/%E6%97%A5%E7%AB%8B%E3%83%96%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%83%89%E3%81%AE%E3%83%9E%E3%83%B3%E3%82%AC%E3%83%B3%E9%9B%BB%E6%B1%A0.JPG/600px-%E6%97%A5%E7%AB%8B%E3%83%96%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%83%89%E3%81%AE%E3%83%9E%E3%83%B3%E3%82%AC%E3%83%B3%E9%9B%BB%E6%B1%A0.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2548" data-file-height="1788" /></a><figcaption>Мангано-цинкови елементи, различни размери</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Мангано-цинковият елемент</b> (също <b>цинково-въглеродна батерия</b> или <b>суха батерия</b>), също известен като <b>елемент на Лекланше</b>, е първичен химичен източник на ток, в който <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="Катод">катодът</a> е <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Манган">манганов</a> диоксид (<b>MnO<sub>2</sub></b>, пиролузит) в смес с <a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%82" title="Графит">графит</a> (около 9,5%), <a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82" title="Електролит">електролитът</a> е разтвор на <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%B2_%D1%85%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B4" title="Амониев хлорид">амониев хлорид</a> (<b>NH<sub>4</sub>Cl</b>), а <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="Анод">анодът</a> е от метален <a href="/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BA" title="Цинк">цинк</a> (<b>Zn</b>). </p><p>Това е най-известният първичен захранващ елемент (химичен източник на ток за еднократно използване), който днес широко се използва в преносими устройства. В началото тези елементи са се запълвали с течен електролит. По-късно електролитът е сгъстяван с нишестени вещества – това позволило захранващите елементи да станат по-практични, наричат ги „сухи“, в които възможността електролитът да изтече е сведена до минимум. За разлика от <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Алкална батерия">алкалния елемент</a>, в който като електролит се използва основата <a href="/wiki/KOH" class="mw-redirect" title="KOH">KOH</a>, мангано-цинковият елемент е со̀лен, тъй като в него като електролит се използва сол – амониев хлорид. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="История"><span id=".D0.98.D1.81.D1.82.D0.BE.D1.80.D0.B8.D1.8F"></span>История</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE-%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Редактиране на раздел: История" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>редактиране</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE-%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: История"><span>редактиране на кода</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Първият мангано-цинков елемент е направен от <a href="/wiki/%D0%96%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B6_%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%88%D0%B5" title="Жорж Лекланше">Жорж Лекланше</a> през 1865 г.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Характеристики"><span id=".D0.A5.D0.B0.D1.80.D0.B0.D0.BA.D1.82.D0.B5.D1.80.D0.B8.D1.81.D1.82.D0.B8.D0.BA.D0.B8"></span>Характеристики</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE-%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Редактиране на раздел: Характеристики" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>редактиране</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE-%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Характеристики"><span>редактиране на кода</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Теоретична енергоемкост: <ul><li>Специфична енергоемкост: 67 – 99 W∙h/kg</li> <li>Специфична енергоплътност: 122 – 263 W∙h/dm³.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%B5%D1%89%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Електродвижеща сила">ЕДС</a>: 1,51 V.</li> <li>Работна температура: от −40 до +55 °C.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Принцип_на_действие"><span id=".D0.9F.D1.80.D0.B8.D0.BD.D1.86.D0.B8.D0.BF_.D0.BD.D0.B0_.D0.B4.D0.B5.D0.B9.D1.81.D1.82.D0.B2.D0.B8.D0.B5"></span>Принцип на действие</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE-%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Редактиране на раздел: Принцип на действие" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>редактиране</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE-%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Принцип на действие"><span>редактиране на кода</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>При черпене на ток <a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Електрон">електроните</a> постъпват през външната <a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B0" title="Електрическа верига">електрическа верига</a> от цинковия електрод на въгленовата (графитна) пръчка. Настъпват следните реакции: </p><p><b>Анод</b>: Zn → Zn <sup>2+</sup> + 2e<sup>−</sup> </p><p>На въгленовата пръчка електроните служат за възстановяване на H<sub>3</sub>O<sup>+</sup>-йоните: </p><p><b>Катод</b>: 2H<sub>3</sub>O<sup>+</sup> + 2e<sup>−</sup> → H<sub>2</sub> + 2H<sub>2</sub>O </p><p>Йоните H<sub>3</sub>O<sup>+</sup> се образуват в резултат на частична протолиза на NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>-йоните на електролита: </p><p>NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup> + H<sub>2</sub>O ↔ H<sub>3</sub>O<sup>+</sup> + NH<sub>3</sub> </p><p>При възстановяване на H<sub>3</sub>O<sup>+</sup>-йоните се образува <a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="Водород">водород</a>, който не може да се отдели (корпусът е херметичен) и образува около графитната пръчка прослойка от газ (електрохимична поляризация на въгленовия електрод). Токът бавно спира. За да се избегне образуването на водород, графитният електрод се обгръща със слой манганов диоксид (MnO<sub>2</sub>). В присъствието на манганов диоксид H<sub>3</sub>O<sup>+</sup>-йоните се възстановяват с образуване на вода: </p><p>2MnO<sub>2</sub> + 2H<sub>3</sub>O<sup>+</sup> + 2e<sup>−</sup> → 2MnO (OH) + 2H<sub>2</sub>O </p><p>По този начин се избягва поляризацията на електрода, а мангановият диоксид се нарича деполяризатор. </p><p>Електролитът NH<sub>4</sub>Cl се дисоциира и частично се протолизира. Най-общо: </p><p>2NH<sub>4</sub>Cl + 2H<sub>2</sub>O ↔ 2NH<sub>3</sub> + 2H<sub>3</sub>O<sup>+</sup> + 2Cl<sup>−</sup> </p><p>Образуващите се на анода <a href="/wiki/%D0%99%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Йон">йони</a> Zn<sup>2+</sup> постъпват в разтвора и образуват трудноразтворима сол: </p><p>Zn<sup>2+</sup> + 2NH<sub>3</sub> + 2Cl<sup>−</sup> → [Zn (NH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>]Cl<sub>2</sub> </p><p>Общо: </p><p>Анод: Zn – 2e<sup>−</sup> → Zn<sup>2+</sup> Катод: 2MnO<sub>2</sub> + 2H<sub>3</sub>O<sup>+</sup> + 2e<sup>−</sup> → 2MnO (OH) + 2H<sub>2</sub>O Раствор електролита: Zn<sup>2+</sup> + 2NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup> + 2Cl<sup>−</sup> + 2H<sub>2</sub>O ↔ [Zn (NH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>]Cl<sub>2</sub> + 2H<sub>3</sub>O<sup>+</sup> </p><p>Обща реакция: Zn + 2MnO<sub>2</sub> + 2NH<sub>4</sub>Cl → 2MnO (OH) + [Zn (NH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>]Cl<sub>2</sub> По време на разреждането цинковата чашка (цинковият цилиндър) постепенно се разтваря. За да се избегне изтичане на електролита или на продуктите от реакцията цинковата чашка има запас по дебелина или е обхваната от желязна защитна обвивка. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Устройство"><span id=".D0.A3.D1.81.D1.82.D1.80.D0.BE.D0.B9.D1.81.D1.82.D0.B2.D0.BE"></span>Устройство</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE-%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Редактиране на раздел: Устройство" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>редактиране</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE-%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Устройство"><span>редактиране на кода</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Zincbattery.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Zincbattery.png/300px-Zincbattery.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="230" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/af/Zincbattery.png 1.5x" data-file-width="445" data-file-height="341" /></a><figcaption>Мангано-цинков елемент. <br />(1) – метално калпаче, <br />(2) – <a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%82" title="Графит">графитен</a> електрод („+“), <br />(3) – <a href="/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BA" title="Цинк">цинкова</a> чаша („—“), <br />(4) – манганов диоксид, <br />(5) – електролит, <br />(6) – метален контакт</figcaption></figure> <p>За електроди в „сухия елемент“ служат <a href="/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BA" title="Цинк">цинковата</a> чашка и графитната пръчка. Затова сухият елемент се нарича още въглено-цинков елемент. Положителен електрод е въгленовата пръчка, отрицателен – цинковият цилиндър. Въгленовата пръчка е обкръжена от смес на манганов диоксид (MnO<sub>2</sub>) и въглен (сажди). Като <a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82" title="Електролит">електролит</a> служи разтвор на амониев хлорид (NH<sub>4</sub>Cl) с малка добавк на цинков хлорид (ZnCl<sub>2</sub>), сгъстен с нишесте и брашно, за да не може електролитът да изтече или изсъхне при съхранение и експлоатация на елемента. </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Ausgelaufene_Batterie.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Ausgelaufene_Batterie.JPG/150px-Ausgelaufene_Batterie.JPG" decoding="async" width="150" height="214" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Ausgelaufene_Batterie.JPG/225px-Ausgelaufene_Batterie.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Ausgelaufene_Batterie.JPG/300px-Ausgelaufene_Batterie.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1231" data-file-height="1760" /></a><figcaption>Окислила се цинкова чашка (горната декоративно-защитна тенекиена обвивка разтворена, полимерната защитна обвивка под нея е цяла)</figcaption></figure> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Disassembled_AA_zinc-carbon_batteries_(f02).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Цинковата чашка („-“ електрод) е частично разтворена, под нея има книжна обвивка, просмукана с електролит и залята с битумна паста"><img alt="Цинковата чашка („-“ електрод) е частично разтворена, под нея има книжна обвивка, просмукана с електролит и залята с битумна паста" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Disassembled_AA_zinc-carbon_batteries_%28f02%29.jpg/90px-Disassembled_AA_zinc-carbon_batteries_%28f02%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Disassembled_AA_zinc-carbon_batteries_%28f02%29.jpg/135px-Disassembled_AA_zinc-carbon_batteries_%28f02%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Disassembled_AA_zinc-carbon_batteries_%28f02%29.jpg/180px-Disassembled_AA_zinc-carbon_batteries_%28f02%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2343" data-file-height="3124" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Цинковата чашка („-“ електрод) е частично разтворена, под нея има книжна обвивка, просмукана с електролит и залята с битумна паста</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Disassembled_AA_zinc-carbon_batteries_(f03).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Цинковата чашка е отстранена, въгленовата пръчка („+“ електрод) със запресованото („+“ контакт) капаче, е демонтирана"><img alt="Цинковата чашка е отстранена, въгленовата пръчка („+“ електрод) със запресованото („+“ контакт) капаче, е демонтирана" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Disassembled_AA_zinc-carbon_batteries_%28f03%29.jpg/120px-Disassembled_AA_zinc-carbon_batteries_%28f03%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="79" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Disassembled_AA_zinc-carbon_batteries_%28f03%29.jpg/180px-Disassembled_AA_zinc-carbon_batteries_%28f03%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Disassembled_AA_zinc-carbon_batteries_%28f03%29.jpg/240px-Disassembled_AA_zinc-carbon_batteries_%28f03%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3543" data-file-height="2346" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Цинковата чашка е отстранена, въгленовата пръчка („+“ електрод) със запресованото („+“ контакт) капаче, е демонтирана</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Disassembled_AA_zinc-carbon_batteries_(f07).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Книжната чашка е пълна с пресован мангано-графитен прах с канал за „+“ електрода"><img alt="Книжната чашка е пълна с пресован мангано-графитен прах с канал за „+“ електрода" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Disassembled_AA_zinc-carbon_batteries_%28f07%29.jpg/120px-Disassembled_AA_zinc-carbon_batteries_%28f07%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Disassembled_AA_zinc-carbon_batteries_%28f07%29.jpg/180px-Disassembled_AA_zinc-carbon_batteries_%28f07%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Disassembled_AA_zinc-carbon_batteries_%28f07%29.jpg/240px-Disassembled_AA_zinc-carbon_batteries_%28f07%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3462" data-file-height="2597" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Книжната чашка е пълна с пресован мангано-графитен прах с канал за „+“ електрода</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Области_на_използване"><span id=".D0.9E.D0.B1.D0.BB.D0.B0.D1.81.D1.82.D0.B8_.D0.BD.D0.B0_.D0.B8.D0.B7.D0.BF.D0.BE.D0.BB.D0.B7.D0.B2.D0.B0.D0.BD.D0.B5"></span>Области на използване</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE-%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Редактиране на раздел: Области на използване" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>редактиране</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE-%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Области на използване"><span>редактиране на кода</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Всички първични източници на ток, с изключение на сребърно-цинковия, имат голямо вътрешно съпротивление – десетки ома, като по тази причина не допускат разряд с токове с голяма сила вследствие големия пад на напрежението върху вътрешното съпротивление. То да се има предвид при използването им като силови източници на ток. </p><p>Най-ефективна област на използване на мангано-цинковите батерии са уредите със средно и ниско енергопотребление, например фенерчета, челници, пултове за <a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D1%83%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Дистанционно управление">дистанционно управление</a> и часовници. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Източници"><span id=".D0.98.D0.B7.D1.82.D0.BE.D1.87.D0.BD.D0.B8.D1.86.D0.B8"></span>Източници</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE-%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Редактиране на раздел: Източници" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>редактиране</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE-%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Източници"><span>редактиране на кода</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">„Лекланше элемент“ – статия в <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%88%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="Большая советская энциклопедия">БСЭ</a></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Литература"><span id=".D0.9B.D0.B8.D1.82.D0.B5.D1.80.D0.B0.D1.82.D1.83.D1.80.D0.B0"></span>Литература</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE-%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Редактиране на раздел: Литература" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>редактиране</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE-%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Литература"><span>редактиране на кода</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="citation" id="CITEREFКромптон"><i>Кромптон</i> Первичные источники тока = Small Batteries. Volume 2. Primary Cells. T. R. Crompton. The Macmillan Press Ltd., London, Basingstocke. 1982.</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://docs.cntd.ru/document/1200085664">ГОСТ Р МЭК 60086-1-2010 Батареи первичные. Часть 1. Общие требования</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://docs.cntd.ru/document/1200011352">ГОСТ 15596 – 82 Источники тока химические. Термины и определения</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Външни_препратки"><span id=".D0.92.D1.8A.D0.BD.D1.88.D0.BD.D0.B8_.D0.BF.D1.80.D0.B5.D0.BF.D1.80.D0.B0.D1.82.D0.BA.D0.B8"></span>Външни препратки</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE-%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Редактиране на раздел: Външни препратки" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>редактиране</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE-%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Външни препратки"><span>редактиране на кода</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><cite class="book" style="font-style:normal"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.powerinfo.ru/babybattery.php">Марганцево-цинковые батарейки</a> //  <span class="cite-lang"> <small style="color: var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">(на руски)</small></span></cite></li> <li><cite class="book" style="font-style:normal"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.krugosvet.ru/enc/nauka_i_tehnika/tehnologiya_i_promyshlennost/BATAREYA_ELEKTROPITANIYA.html">Батарея электропитания</a> //  <span class="cite-lang"> <small style="color: var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">(на руски)</small></span></cite></li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Взето от „<a dir="ltr" href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Мангано-цинков_елемент&oldid=11796948">https://bg.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Мангано-цинков_елемент&oldid=11796948</a>“.</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8:%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B8" title="Специални:Категории">Категории</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8" title="Категория:Галванични елементи">Галванични елементи</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Категория:Манган">Манган</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%A6%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BA" title="Категория:Цинк">Цинк</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Последната промяна на страницата е извършена на 18 май 2023 г. в 09:21 ч.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Текстът е достъпен под лиценза <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.bg">Creative Commons Признание-Споделяне на споделеното</a>; може да са приложени допълнителни условия. 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