CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-disabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="he" dir="rtl"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>איזומורפיזם – ויקיפדיה</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-disabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )hewikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy" ,"wgMonthNames":["","ינואר","פברואר","מרץ","אפריל","מאי","יוני","יולי","אוגוסט","ספטמבר","אוקטובר","נובמבר","דצמבר"],"wgRequestId":"0d590ed3-4fbe-430d-b994-4e2dd0398781","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"איזומורפיזם","wgTitle":"איזומורפיזם","wgCurRevisionId":35657099,"wgRevisionId":35657099,"wgArticleId":61675,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["ויקיפדיה: ערכים הדורשים מקור - מדעי הטבע","ערכים עם תבנית בריטניקה","ויקיפדיה: ערכים עם מזהה J9U","ויקיפדיה: ערכים עם מזהה LCCN","אלגברה","יחסי שקילות","מורפיזמים"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"he","wgPageContentLanguage":"he","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"איזומורפיזם", "wgRelevantArticleId":61675,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":true,"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"he","pageLanguageDir":"rtl","pageVariantFallbacks":"he"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":true,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":10000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q189112","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics": true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false,"wgSiteNoticeId":"2.254"};RLSTATE={"ext.gadget.ExternalLinkIcon":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.math.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.relatedArticles.styles":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready","ext.dismissableSiteNotice.styles":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["site","mediawiki.page.ready","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.EditToolbar","ext.gadget.TemplateParamWizard","ext.gadget.Summarieslist","ext.gadget.refsToLeft" ,"ext.gadget.Wdsearch","ext.gadget.catSexSelector","ext.gadget.feedback","ext.gadget.wikibugs","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.relatedArticles.readMore.bootstrap","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking","ext.dismissableSiteNotice"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=he&modules=ext.dismissableSiteNotice.styles%7Cext.math.styles%7Cext.relatedArticles.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=he&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=he&modules=ext.gadget.ExternalLinkIcon&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=he&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="איזומורפיזם – ויקיפדיה"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//he.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%99%D7%96%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%96%D7%9D"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="עריכה" href="/w/index.php?title=%D7%90%D7%99%D7%96%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%96%D7%9D&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="ויקיפדיה"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//he.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%99%D7%96%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%96%D7%9D"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.he"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="הזנת Atom של ויקיפדיה" href="/w/index.php?title=%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%95%D7%97%D7%93:%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9D_%D7%90%D7%97%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%9D&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki rtl sitedir-rtl mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-איזומורפיזם rootpage-איזומורפיזם skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">לדלג לתוכן</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="אתר"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="תפריט ראשי" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">תפריט ראשי</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">תפריט ראשי</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">העברה לסרגל הצד</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">הסתרה</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> ניווט </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D7%A2%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%93_%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%A9%D7%99" title="ביקור בעמוד הראשי [z]" accesskey="z"><span>עמוד ראשי</span></a></li><li id="n-welcomepage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D7%95%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%A4%D7%93%D7%99%D7%94:%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%9B%D7%99%D7%9D_%D7%94%D7%91%D7%90%D7%99%D7%9D"><span>ברוכים הבאים</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%95%D7%97%D7%93:%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9D_%D7%90%D7%97%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%9D" title="רשימת השינויים האחרונים באתר [r]" accesskey="r"><span>שינויים אחרונים</span></a></li><li id="n-featured-articles" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%98%D7%9C:%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%9B%D7%99%D7%9D_%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%9C%D7%A6%D7%99%D7%9D"><span>ערכים מומלצים</span></a></li><li id="n-portals" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%98%D7%9C:%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%98%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%9D"><span>פורטלים</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%95%D7%97%D7%93:%D7%90%D7%A7%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%99" title="טעינת דף אקראי [x]" accesskey="x"><span>ערך אקראי</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-community" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-community" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> קהילה </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D7%95%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%A4%D7%93%D7%99%D7%94:%D7%A9%D7%A2%D7%A8_%D7%94%D7%A7%D7%94%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%94" title="אודות המיזם, איך אפשר לעזור, איפה למצוא דברים"><span>שער הקהילה</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D7%A2%D7%96%D7%A8%D7%94:%D7%AA%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%98_%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%A9%D7%99" title="המקום למצוא מידע"><span>עזרה</span></a></li><li id="n-Ask-q" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D7%95%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%A4%D7%93%D7%99%D7%94:%D7%99%D7%99%D7%A2%D7%95%D7%A5" title="דפים להתייעצות טכנית, לשונית וכו'"><span>ייעוץ</span></a></li><li id="n-village-pump" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D7%95%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%A4%D7%93%D7%99%D7%94:%D7%9E%D7%96%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%9F" title="דיוני מדיניות ודיונים כלליים על ויקיפדיה"><span>מזנון</span></a></li><li id="n-Town-square" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D7%95%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%A4%D7%93%D7%99%D7%94:%D7%9B%D7%99%D7%9B%D7%A8_%D7%94%D7%A2%D7%99%D7%A8" title="המקום בוויקיפדיה לשתף את הקהילה בדעותיכם בנושאים שאינם קשורים ישירות לוויקיפדיה"><span>כיכר העיר</span></a></li><li id="n-news" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D7%95%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%A4%D7%93%D7%99%D7%94:%D7%97%D7%93%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%AA" title="חדשות בנושאי ויקיפדיה שונים"><span>חדשות</span></a></li><li id="n-notice-board" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D7%95%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%A4%D7%93%D7%99%D7%94:%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%97_%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%93%D7%A2%D7%95%D7%AA" title="לוח מודעות להפניית הוויקיפדים לדיונים בדפי שיחה שלא זכו לתשומת לב מספקת"><span>לוח מודעות</span></a></li><li id="n-contactUs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D7%95%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%A4%D7%93%D7%99%D7%94:%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%AA_%D7%A7%D7%A9%D7%A8" title="איך ליצור קשר עם ויקיפדיה לצורך תיקונים, בירורים או שאלות אחרות"><span>יצירת קשר</span></a></li><li id="n-guestbook" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D7%95%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%A4%D7%93%D7%99%D7%94:%D7%A1%D7%A4%D7%A8_%D7%90%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%97%D7%99%D7%9D" title="שתפו אותנו במשוב כללי על התרשמותכם מוויקיפדיה ומידת שביעות רצונכם ממנה"><span>ספר אורחים</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/%D7%A2%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%93_%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%A9%D7%99" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="ויקיפדיה" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-he.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.75em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="האנציקלופדיה החופשית" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-he.svg" width="120" height="12" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.75em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%95%D7%97%D7%93:%D7%97%D7%99%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%A9" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="‏חיפוש בוויקיפדיה‏ [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>חיפוש</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="חיפוש בוויקיפדיה" aria-label="חיפוש בוויקיפדיה" autocapitalize="sentences" title="‏חיפוש בוויקיפדיה‏ [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="מיוחד:חיפוש"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">חיפוש</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="כלים אישיים"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="מראה"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="שינוי המראה של גודל הגופן, הרוחב והצבע של הדף" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="מראה" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">מראה</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_he.wikipedia.org&uselang=he" class=""><span>תרומה לוויקיפדיה</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%95%D7%97%D7%93:%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%A9%D7%9E%D7%94_%D7%9C%D7%97%D7%A9%D7%91%D7%95%D7%9F&returnto=%D7%90%D7%99%D7%96%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%96%D7%9D" title="מומלץ ליצור חשבון ולהיכנס אליו, אך אין חובה לעשות זאת" class=""><span>יצירת חשבון</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%95%D7%97%D7%93:%D7%9B%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%94_%D7%9C%D7%97%D7%A9%D7%91%D7%95%D7%9F&returnto=%D7%90%D7%99%D7%96%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%96%D7%9D" title="מומלץ להיכנס לחשבון, אך אין חובה לעשות זאת [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>כניסה לחשבון</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="אפשרויות נוספות" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="כלים אישיים" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">כלים אישיים</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="תפריט משתמש" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_he.wikipedia.org&uselang=he"><span>תרומה לוויקיפדיה</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%95%D7%97%D7%93:%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%A9%D7%9E%D7%94_%D7%9C%D7%97%D7%A9%D7%91%D7%95%D7%9F&returnto=%D7%90%D7%99%D7%96%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%96%D7%9D" title="מומלץ ליצור חשבון ולהיכנס אליו, אך אין חובה לעשות זאת"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>יצירת חשבון</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%95%D7%97%D7%93:%D7%9B%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%94_%D7%9C%D7%97%D7%A9%D7%91%D7%95%D7%9F&returnto=%D7%90%D7%99%D7%96%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%96%D7%9D" title="מומלץ להיכנס לחשבון, אך אין חובה לעשות זאת [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>כניסה לחשבון</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> דפים לעורכים שלא נכנסו לחשבון <a href="/wiki/%D7%A2%D7%96%D7%A8%D7%94:%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%9B%D7%99%D7%9D_%D7%94%D7%91%D7%90%D7%99%D7%9D" aria-label="מידע נוסף על עריכה"><span>מידע נוסף</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%95%D7%97%D7%93:%D7%94%D7%AA%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%A9%D7%9C%D7%99" title="רשימת העריכות שנעשו מכתובת IP זו [y]" accesskey="y"><span>תרומות</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%95%D7%97%D7%93:%D7%94%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%97%D7%94_%D7%A9%D7%9C%D7%99" title="דיון על העריכות שנעשו מכתובת IP זו [n]" accesskey="n"><span>שיחה</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"><div id="mw-dismissablenotice-anonplace"></div><script>(function(){var node=document.getElementById("mw-dismissablenotice-anonplace");if(node){node.outerHTML="\u003Cdiv class=\"mw-dismissable-notice\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"mw-dismissable-notice-close\"\u003E[\u003Ca tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\"\u003Eהסתרה\u003C/a\u003E]\u003C/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"mw-dismissable-notice-body\"\u003E\u003C!-- CentralNotice --\u003E\u003Cdiv id=\"localNotice\" data-nosnippet=\"\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"anonnotice\" lang=\"he\" dir=\"rtl\"\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cb\u003Eתמיד רציתם לכתוב בוויקיפדיה אבל לא ידעתם איך? אתם מוזמנים לסדנת עריכה בוויקיפדיה. הסדנה תתקיים בספרייה הלאומית (בבניינה החדש) בירושלים ביום שישי, 06.12.24, בשעה 09:00. להרשמה לחצו \u003Ca href=\"/wiki/%D7%95%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%A4%D7%93%D7%99%D7%94:%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%96%D7%9E%D7%99_%D7%95%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%A4%D7%93%D7%99%D7%94/%D7%92%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%9D/%D7%94%D7%A1%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%99%D7%94_%D7%94%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%AA/%D7%90%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A2%D7%99%D7%9D/%D7%A1%D7%93%D7%A0%D7%AA_%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%9B%D7%94_%D7%93%D7%A6%D7%9E%D7%91%D7%A8_2024\" title=\"ויקיפדיה:מיזמי ויקיפדיה/גלאם/הספרייה הלאומית/אירועים/סדנת עריכה דצמבר 2024\"\u003Eכאן\u003C/a\u003E.\u003C/b\u003E\n\u003C/p\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E";}}());</script></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="אתר"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="תוכן עניינים" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">תוכן עניינים</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">העברה לסרגל הצד</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">הסתרה</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">התחלה</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-הגדרה_כללית" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#הגדרה_כללית"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>הגדרה כללית</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-הגדרה_כללית-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-הגדרה_במונחי_תורת_הקטגוריות" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#הגדרה_במונחי_תורת_הקטגוריות"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>הגדרה במונחי תורת הקטגוריות</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-הגדרה_במונחי_תורת_הקטגוריות-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-הגדרה_באלגברה" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#הגדרה_באלגברה"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>הגדרה באלגברה</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-הגדרה_באלגברה-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>שינוי מצב התת־פרק הגדרה באלגברה</span> </button> <ul id="toc-הגדרה_באלגברה-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-איזומורפיזם_בין_חבורות" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#איזומורפיזם_בין_חבורות"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>איזומורפיזם בין חבורות</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-איזומורפיזם_בין_חבורות-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-דוגמאות_לאיזומורפיזם_של_חבורות" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#דוגמאות_לאיזומורפיזם_של_חבורות"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.1</span> <span>דוגמאות לאיזומורפיזם של חבורות</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-דוגמאות_לאיזומורפיזם_של_חבורות-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-איזומורפיזם_בין_חוגים" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#איזומורפיזם_בין_חוגים"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>איזומורפיזם בין חוגים</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-איזומורפיזם_בין_חוגים-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-איזומורפיזם_בין_מודולים" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#איזומורפיזם_בין_מודולים"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>איזומורפיזם בין מודולים</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-איזומורפיזם_בין_מודולים-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-איזומורפיזם_בין_אלגברות" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#איזומורפיזם_בין_אלגברות"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>איזומורפיזם בין אלגברות</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-איזומורפיזם_בין_אלגברות-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-איזומורפיזם_בין_גרפים" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#איזומורפיזם_בין_גרפים"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>איזומורפיזם בין גרפים</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-איזומורפיזם_בין_גרפים-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-איזומורפיזם_של_קבוצות_סדורות" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#איזומורפיזם_של_קבוצות_סדורות"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>איזומורפיזם של קבוצות סדורות</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-איזומורפיזם_של_קבוצות_סדורות-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ראו_גם" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ראו_גם"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>ראו גם</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ראו_גם-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-קישורים_חיצוניים" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#קישורים_חיצוניים"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>קישורים חיצוניים</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-קישורים_חיצוניים-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="תוכן עניינים" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="מצב תוכן העניינים" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">מצב תוכן העניינים</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">איזומורפיזם</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="מעבר לערך בשפה אחרת. זמין ב־59 שפות" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-59" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">59 שפות</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isomorphism" title="Isomorphism – אנגלית" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Isomorphism" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="אנגלית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%83%D9%84" title="تماكل – ערבית" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="تماكل" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="ערבית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isomorfismu" title="Isomorfismu – אסטורית" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Isomorfismu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="אסטורית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0zomorfluq" title="İzomorfluq – אזרית" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="İzomorfluq" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="אזרית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Изоморфизм – בשקירית" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Изоморфизм" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="בשקירית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%84%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Ізамарфізм – בלארוסית" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Ізамарфізм" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="בלארוסית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B7%D1%8A%D0%BC" title="Изоморфизъм – בולגרית" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Изоморфизъм" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="בולגרית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Izomorfizam" title="Izomorfizam – בוסנית" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Izomorfizam" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="בוסנית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isomorfisme" title="Isomorfisme – קטלאנית" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Isomorfisme" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="קטלאנית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Izomorfismus" title="Izomorfismus – צ׳כית" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Izomorfismus" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="צ׳כית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isomorffedd" title="Isomorffedd – ולשית" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Isomorffedd" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="ולשית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isomorfi" title="Isomorfi – דנית" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Isomorfi" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="דנית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isomorphismus" title="Isomorphismus – גרמנית" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Isomorphismus" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="גרמנית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%99%CF%83%CE%BF%CE%BC%CE%BF%CF%81%CF%86%CE%B9%CF%83%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%82" title="Ισομορφισμός – יוונית" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ισομορφισμός" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="יוונית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Izomorfio" title="Izomorfio – אספרנטו" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Izomorfio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="אספרנטו" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isomorfismo" title="Isomorfismo – ספרדית" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Isomorfismo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="ספרדית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isomorfism" title="Isomorfism – אסטונית" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Isomorfism" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="אסטונית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isomorfismo" title="Isomorfismo – בסקית" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Isomorfismo" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="בסקית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AE%D8%AA%DB%8C" title="یکریختی – פרסית" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="یکریختی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="פרסית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isomorfismi" title="Isomorfismi – פינית" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Isomorfismi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="פינית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isomorphisme" title="Isomorphisme – צרפתית" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Isomorphisme" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="צרפתית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iseamorfacht" title="Iseamorfacht – אירית" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Iseamorfacht" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="אירית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isomorfismo" title="Isomorfismo – גליסית" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Isomorfismo" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="גליסית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Izomorfizam" title="Izomorfizam – קרואטית" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Izomorfizam" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="קרואטית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Izomorfia" title="Izomorfia – הונגרית" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Izomorfia" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="הונגרית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BB%D5%A6%D5%B8%D5%B4%D5%B8%D6%80%D6%86%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6_(%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%A9%D5%A5%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%BF%D5%AB%D5%AF%D5%A1)" title="Իզոմորֆություն (մաթեմատիկա) – ארמנית" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Իզոմորֆություն (մաթեմատիկա)" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="ארמנית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isomorphismo" title="Isomorphismo – ‏אינטרלינגואה" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Isomorphismo" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="‏אינטרלינגואה" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isomorfisme" title="Isomorfisme – אינדונזית" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Isomorfisme" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="אינדונזית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isomorfismo" title="Isomorfismo – איטלקית" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Isomorfismo" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="איטלקית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%90%8C%E5%9E%8B%E5%86%99%E5%83%8F" title="同型写像 – יפנית" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="同型写像" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="יפנית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC_(%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0)" title="Изоморфизм (Математика) – קזחית" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Изоморфизм (Математика)" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="קזחית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%8F%99%ED%98%95_%EC%82%AC%EC%83%81" title="동형 사상 – קוריאנית" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="동형 사상" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="קוריאנית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Изоморфизм – קירגיזית" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Изоморфизм" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="קירגיזית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isomorphismus" title="Isomorphismus – לטינית" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Isomorphismus" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="לטינית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Izomorfizmas" title="Izomorfizmas – ליטאית" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Izomorfizmas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="ליטאית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%84" title="Изоморф – מונגולית" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Изоморф" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="מונגולית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isomorfisme" title="Isomorfisme – הולנדית" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Isomorfisme" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="הולנדית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isomorfi" title="Isomorfi – נורווגית חדשה" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Isomorfi" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="נורווגית חדשה" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isomorfisme" title="Isomorfisme – נורווגית ספרותית" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Isomorfisme" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="נורווגית ספרותית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%87%E0%A8%B8%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%8C%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%AE" title="ਆਇਸੋਮੌਰਫਿਜ਼ਮ – פנג׳אבי" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਆਇਸੋਮੌਰਫਿਜ਼ਮ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="פנג׳אבי" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Izomorfizm" title="Izomorfizm – פולנית" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Izomorfizm" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="פולנית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isomorfism" title="Isomorfism – פיימונטית" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Isomorfism" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="פיימונטית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isomorfismo" title="Isomorfismo – פורטוגזית" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Isomorfismo" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="פורטוגזית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Izomorfism" title="Izomorfism – רומנית" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Izomorfism" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="רומנית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Изоморфизм – רוסית" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Изоморфизм" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="רוסית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Izomorfizam" title="Izomorfizam – סרבו-קרואטית" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Izomorfizam" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="סרבו-קרואטית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isomorphism" title="Isomorphism – אנגלית פשוטה" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Isomorphism" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="אנגלית פשוטה" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Izomorfizem" title="Izomorfizem – סלובנית" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Izomorfizem" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="סלובנית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BC_(%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0)" title="Изоморфизам (математика) – סרבית" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Изоморфизам (математика)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="סרבית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isomorfi" title="Isomorfi – שוודית" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Isomorfi" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="שוודית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%90%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B8%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="ஐசோமார்பிஸம் – טמילית" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ஐசோமார்பிஸம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="טמילית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0zomorfizma" title="İzomorfizma – טורקית" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="İzomorfizma" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="טורקית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%84%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Ізоморфізм – אוקראינית" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Ізоморфізм" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="אוקראינית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B4%D8%A7%DA%A9%D9%84%D8%AA" title="مشاکلت – אורדו" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="مشاکلت" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="אורדו" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Izomorfizm_(matematika)" title="Izomorfizm (matematika) – אוזבקית" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Izomorfizm (matematika)" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="אוזבקית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ph%C3%A9p_%C4%91%E1%BA%B3ng_c%E1%BA%A5u" title="Phép đẳng cấu – וייטנאמית" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Phép đẳng cấu" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="וייטנאמית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%90%8C%E6%9E%84" title="同构 – סינית וו" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="同构" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="סינית וו" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%90%8C%E6%9E%84" title="同构 – סינית" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="同构" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="סינית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%90%8C%E6%A7%8B" title="同構 – קנטונזית" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="同構" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="קנטונזית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q189112#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="עריכת קישורים בין־לשוניים" class="wbc-editpage">עריכת הקישורים</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="מרחבי שם"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D7%90%D7%99%D7%96%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%96%D7%9D" title="צפייה בדף התוכן [c]" accesskey="c"><span>ערך</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%97%D7%94:%D7%90%D7%99%D7%96%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%96%D7%9D" rel="discussion" title="שיחה על דף התוכן [t]" accesskey="t"><span>שיחה</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="שינוי הגוון השפה" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">עברית</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="צפיות"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D7%90%D7%99%D7%96%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%96%D7%9D"><span>קריאה</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D7%90%D7%99%D7%96%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%96%D7%9D&action=edit" title="עריכת קוד המקור של הדף הזה [e]" accesskey="e"><span>עריכת קוד מקור</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D7%90%D7%99%D7%96%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%96%D7%9D&veaction=edit" title="עריכת הדף הזה [v]" accesskey="v"><span>עריכה</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D7%90%D7%99%D7%96%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%96%D7%9D&action=history" title="גרסאות קודמות של דף זה [h]" accesskey="h"><span>גרסאות קודמות</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="כלי דף"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="כלים" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">כלים</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">כלים</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">העברה לסרגל הצד</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">הסתרה</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="אפשרויות נוספות" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> פעולות </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D7%90%D7%99%D7%96%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%96%D7%9D"><span>קריאה</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D7%90%D7%99%D7%96%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%96%D7%9D&action=edit" title="עריכת קוד המקור של הדף הזה [e]" accesskey="e"><span>עריכת קוד מקור</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D7%90%D7%99%D7%96%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%96%D7%9D&veaction=edit" title="עריכת הדף הזה [v]" accesskey="v"><span>עריכה</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D7%90%D7%99%D7%96%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%96%D7%9D&action=history"><span>גרסאות קודמות</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> כללי </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%95%D7%97%D7%93:%D7%93%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%9D_%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%A9%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%9D_%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%90%D7%9F/%D7%90%D7%99%D7%96%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%96%D7%9D" title="רשימה של כל דפי הוויקי שמקשרים לדף הזה [j]" accesskey="j"><span>דפים המקושרים לכאן</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%95%D7%97%D7%93:%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9D_%D7%91%D7%93%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%9D_%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%A9%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%9D/%D7%90%D7%99%D7%96%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%96%D7%9D" rel="nofollow" title="השינויים האחרונים בדפים המקושרים מהדף הזה [k]" accesskey="k"><span>שינויים בדפים המקושרים</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%95%D7%97%D7%93:%D7%93%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%9D_%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%95%D7%97%D7%93%D7%99%D7%9D" title="רשימה של כל הדפים המיוחדים [q]" accesskey="q"><span>דפים מיוחדים</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D7%90%D7%99%D7%96%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%96%D7%9D&oldid=35657099" title="קישור קבוע לגרסה הזאת של הדף הזה"><span>קישור קבוע</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D7%90%D7%99%D7%96%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%96%D7%9D&action=info" title="מידע נוסף על הדף הזה"><span>מידע על הדף</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%95%D7%97%D7%93:%D7%A6%D7%99%D7%98%D7%95%D7%98_%D7%93%D7%A3_%D7%96%D7%94&page=%D7%90%D7%99%D7%96%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%96%D7%9D&id=35657099&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="מידע איך לצטט את הדף הזה"><span>ציטוט הדף הזה</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%95%D7%97%D7%93:%D7%9E%D7%A7%D7%A6%D7%A8_%D7%9B%D7%AA%D7%95%D7%91%D7%95%D7%AA&url=https%3A%2F%2Fhe.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25D7%2590%25D7%2599%25D7%2596%25D7%2595%25D7%259E%25D7%2595%25D7%25A8%25D7%25A4%25D7%2599%25D7%2596%25D7%259D"><span>קבלת כתובת מקוצרת</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%95%D7%97%D7%93:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fhe.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25D7%2590%25D7%2599%25D7%2596%25D7%2595%25D7%259E%25D7%2595%25D7%25A8%25D7%25A4%25D7%2599%25D7%2596%25D7%259D"><span>הורדת קוד QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> הדפסה/יצוא </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%95%D7%97%D7%93:%D7%A1%D7%A4%D7%A8&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=%D7%90%D7%99%D7%96%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%96%D7%9D"><span>יצירת ספר</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%95%D7%97%D7%93:DownloadAsPdf&page=%D7%90%D7%99%D7%96%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%96%D7%9D&action=show-download-screen"><span>הורדה כ־PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D7%90%D7%99%D7%96%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%96%D7%9D&printable=yes" title="גרסה להדפסה של הדף הזה [p]" accesskey="p"><span>גרסה להדפסה</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> במיזמים אחרים </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q189112" title="קישור לפריט המשויך במאגר הנתונים [g]" accesskey="g"><span>פריט ויקינתונים</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="כלי דף"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="מראה"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">מראה</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">העברה לסרגל הצד</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">הסתרה</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">מתוך ויקיפדיה, האנציקלופדיה החופשית</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-rtl mw-parser-output" lang="he" dir="rtl"><div class="noexcerpt noprint dablink" style="font-size: 90%; color: #555577;margin-right:22px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="פירוש נוסף"><img alt="פירוש נוסף" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Disambig_RTL.svg/25px-Disambig_RTL.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Disambig_RTL.svg/38px-Disambig_RTL.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Disambig_RTL.svg/50px-Disambig_RTL.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="220" data-file-height="168" /></span></span> ערך זה עוסק בהתאמה בין מבנים מתמטיים. אם התכוונתם למשמעות אחרת, ראו <span class="nodisambig"><a href="/wiki/%D7%90%D7%99%D7%96%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%96%D7%9D_(%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%9D)" class="mw-disambig" title="איזומורפיזם (פירושונים)">איזומורפיזם (פירושונים)</a></span>.</div> <table cellpadding="1" style="float: left; clear:both; border: 1px solid #8888aa; background: #f7f8ff; padding: 5px; font-size: 95%; margin: 0.5em 1em 0.5em 0.5em;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="text-align: center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%9F_%D7%9E%D7%AA%D7%9E%D7%98%D7%99" title="סימון מתמטי"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Nuvola_apps_edu_mathematics_blue-p.svg/60px-Nuvola_apps_edu_mathematics_blue-p.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Nuvola_apps_edu_mathematics_blue-p.svg/90px-Nuvola_apps_edu_mathematics_blue-p.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Nuvola_apps_edu_mathematics_blue-p.svg/120px-Nuvola_apps_edu_mathematics_blue-p.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></span> <p>בערך זה<br />נעשה שימוש<br />בסימנים מוסכמים<br />מתחום המתמטיקה.<br />להבהרת הסימנים<br />ראו <a href="/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%9F_%D7%9E%D7%AA%D7%9E%D7%98%D7%99" title="סימון מתמטי">סימון מתמטי</a>. </p> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>ב<a href="/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%AA%D7%9E%D7%98%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%94" title="מתמטיקה">מתמטיקה</a>, <b>אִיזוֹמוֹרְפִיזְם</b> הוא התאמה בין שני <a href="/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%91%D7%A0%D7%94_(%D7%9E%D7%AA%D7%9E%D7%98%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%94)" title="מבנה (מתמטיקה)">מבנים</a> מתמטיים באופן ששומר על המאפיינים המגדירים את המבנה. מבנים שיש ביניהם איזומורפיזם הם <b>איזומורפיים</b> זה לזה. קיומה של ההתאמה מראה ששני המבנים זהים מכל בחינה בעלת עניין במסגרת התורה העוסקת בהם, גם אם הם נקראים בשמות שונים. מקור המלה מ<a href="/wiki/%D7%99%D7%95%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%AA" title="יוונית">יוונית</a>: "אִיזוֹס" (שווה) ו"מוֹרפֶה" (מבנה). </p><p>בכמה מקרים קוראים למבנים איזומורפיים בשם מיוחד: איזומורפיזם של <a href="/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A8%D7%97%D7%91_%D7%98%D7%95%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%92%D7%99" title="מרחב טופולוגי">מרחבים טופולוגיים</a> נקרא "<a href="/wiki/%D7%94%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%90%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%96%D7%9D" title="הומיאומורפיזם">הומיאומורפיזם</a>", איזומורפיזם של <a href="/wiki/%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%A2%D7%94" title="יריעה">יריעות דיפרנציאליות</a> נקרא "<a href="/wiki/%D7%93%D7%99%D7%A4%D7%90%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%96%D7%9D" title="דיפאומורפיזם">דיפאומורפיזם</a>", ואיזומורפיזם של <a href="/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A8%D7%97%D7%91_%D7%9E%D7%98%D7%A8%D7%99" title="מרחב מטרי">מרחבים מטריים</a> נקרא "<a href="/wiki/%D7%90%D7%99%D7%96%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%98%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%94" title="איזומטריה">איזומטריה</a>". השם הייחודי מדגיש תכונות מסוימות של המבנה ומונע בלבול (למשל, בשאלה האם שני מרחבים מטריים איזומורפיים ככאלה, או רק כמרחבים טופולוגיים). </p><p>את המונח "איזומורפיזם" טבע המתמטיקאי הגרמני <a href="/wiki/%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%95%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%93_%D7%A7%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%A7%D7%A8" title="לאופולד קרונקר">לאופולד קרונקר</a> ב<a href="/wiki/%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%94_%D7%94-19" title="המאה ה-19">מאה ה-19</a> כדי לתאר קשר בין שני מבנים אלגבריים שהם "בעיקרם זהים". עם זאת, לרעיון האיזומורפיזם יש היסטוריה ארוכה יותר וניתן לייחסו לעבודותיהם של מתמטיקאים מוקדמים יותר כמו <a href="/wiki/%D7%90%D7%95%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%98_%D7%92%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%90%D7%94" title="אווריסט גלואה">אווריסט גלואה</a> ו<a href="/wiki/%D7%90%D7%95%D7%92%D7%95%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%9F_%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%90%D7%99_%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%A9%D7%99" title="אוגוסטן לואי קושי">אוגוסטן לואי קושי</a>, אף הם בני המאה ה-19.<span class="source-needed-all"><sup>[</sup><sup><a href="/wiki/%D7%95%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%A4%D7%93%D7%99%D7%94:%D7%91%D7%99%D7%91%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%95%D7%92%D7%A8%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%94" title="ויקיפדיה:ביבליוגרפיה">דרוש מקור</a>]</sup></span> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="הגדרה_כללית"><span id=".D7.94.D7.92.D7.93.D7.A8.D7.94_.D7.9B.D7.9C.D7.9C.D7.99.D7.AA"></span>הגדרה כללית</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D7%90%D7%99%D7%96%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%96%D7%9D&action=edit&section=1" title="עריכת קוד המקור של הפרק: הגדרה כללית"><span>עריכת קוד מקור</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D7%90%D7%99%D7%96%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%96%D7%9D&veaction=edit&section=1" title="עריכת פסקה: "הגדרה כללית"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>עריכה</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>אם <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle S_{1}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>S</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle S_{1}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/5bf84e7fd4fb8259a9b37f956afdf83ee2a020f9" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.479ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle S_{1}}"></span> ו-<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle S_{2}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>S</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle S_{2}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/1143e284d5f25cef778ab482edf6617a523ddd9f" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.479ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle S_{2}}"></span> הם שני <a href="/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%91%D7%A0%D7%94_(%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%92%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%94)" class="mw-redirect" title="מבנה (לוגיקה)">מבנים מתמטיים</a> של אותה <a href="/wiki/%D7%A9%D7%A4%D7%94_%D7%9E%D7%A1%D7%93%D7%A8_%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%9F" title="שפה מסדר ראשון">שפה</a> <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle L}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>L</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle L}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/103168b86f781fe6e9a4a87b8ea1cebe0ad4ede8" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.583ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle L}"></span> של <a href="/wiki/%D7%AA%D7%97%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%91_%D7%94%D7%99%D7%97%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="תחשיב היחסים">תחשיב היחסים</a>, אז <a href="/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%A7%D7%A6%D7%99%D7%94" title="פונקציה">פונקציה</a> <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle H\colon S_{1}\to S_{2}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>H</mi> <mo>:</mo> <msub> <mi>S</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> <msub> <mi>S</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle H\colon S_{1}\to S_{2}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/a240bbf769e811c56387d2dab54f2d419f287c51" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:11.67ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle H\colon S_{1}\to S_{2}}"></span> נקראת <b>איזומורפיזם</b> ביניהם אם: </p> <ul><li>לכל קבוע <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle a}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>a</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle a}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/ffd2487510aa438433a2579450ab2b3d557e5edc" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.23ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle a}"></span> של השפה <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle L}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>L</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle L}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/103168b86f781fe6e9a4a87b8ea1cebe0ad4ede8" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.583ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle L}"></span> מתקיים <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle H(S_{1}(a))=S_{2}(a)}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>H</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <msub> <mi>S</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>a</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mi>S</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>a</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle H(S_{1}(a))=S_{2}(a)}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/2222259bf3ab2bf9611567fc870ac05eb0c29b3e" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:18.008ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle H(S_{1}(a))=S_{2}(a)}"></span>.</li> <li>עבור כל <a href="/wiki/%D7%90%D7%95%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%98%D7%95%D7%A8" title="אופרטור">פעולה</a> <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle n}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>n</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle n}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/a601995d55609f2d9f5e233e36fbe9ea26011b3b" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.395ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle n}"></span>-מקומית <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle F}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>F</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle F}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/545fd099af8541605f7ee55f08225526be88ce57" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.741ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle F}"></span> של <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle L}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>L</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle L}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/103168b86f781fe6e9a4a87b8ea1cebe0ad4ede8" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.583ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle L}"></span>: לכל <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle a_{1},...,a_{n}\in S_{1}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>a</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>,</mo> <mo>.</mo> <mo>.</mo> <mo>.</mo> <mo>,</mo> <msub> <mi>a</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>n</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>∈</mo> <msub> <mi>S</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle a_{1},...,a_{n}\in S_{1}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/24754494c7a919ddb01365afdb0a084e83a7b96c" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:15.222ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle a_{1},...,a_{n}\in S_{1}}"></span> מתקיים <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle H(S_{1}(F(a_{1},...,a_{n})))=S_{2}(F(H(a_{1}),...,H(a_{n})))}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>H</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <msub> <mi>S</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>F</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <msub> <mi>a</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>,</mo> <mo>.</mo> <mo>.</mo> <mo>.</mo> <mo>,</mo> <msub> <mi>a</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>n</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mi>S</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>F</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>H</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <msub> <mi>a</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>,</mo> <mo>.</mo> <mo>.</mo> <mo>.</mo> <mo>,</mo> <mi>H</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <msub> <mi>a</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>n</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle H(S_{1}(F(a_{1},...,a_{n})))=S_{2}(F(H(a_{1}),...,H(a_{n})))}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/491d395edf64d6e4dc8664135fd52fd01a22819f" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:50.198ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle H(S_{1}(F(a_{1},...,a_{n})))=S_{2}(F(H(a_{1}),...,H(a_{n})))}"></span>.</li> <li>עבור כל <a href="/wiki/%D7%99%D7%97%D7%A1_(%D7%AA%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%A7%D7%91%D7%95%D7%A6%D7%95%D7%AA)" title="יחס (תורת הקבוצות)">יחס</a> <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle n}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>n</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle n}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/a601995d55609f2d9f5e233e36fbe9ea26011b3b" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.395ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle n}"></span>-מקומי <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle R}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>R</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle R}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/4b0bfb3769bf24d80e15374dc37b0441e2616e33" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.764ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle R}"></span> של <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle L}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>L</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle L}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/103168b86f781fe6e9a4a87b8ea1cebe0ad4ede8" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.583ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle L}"></span>, לכל <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle a_{1},...,a_{n}\in S_{1}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>a</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>,</mo> <mo>.</mo> <mo>.</mo> <mo>.</mo> <mo>,</mo> <msub> <mi>a</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>n</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>∈</mo> <msub> <mi>S</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle a_{1},...,a_{n}\in S_{1}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/24754494c7a919ddb01365afdb0a084e83a7b96c" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:15.222ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle a_{1},...,a_{n}\in S_{1}}"></span> מתקיים <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle S_{1}(R(a_{1},...,a_{n}))}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>S</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>R</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <msub> <mi>a</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>,</mo> <mo>.</mo> <mo>.</mo> <mo>.</mo> <mo>,</mo> <msub> <mi>a</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>n</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle S_{1}(R(a_{1},...,a_{n}))}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/8daae07f2546a99863547dc63de104c74cad5f08" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:17.764ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle S_{1}(R(a_{1},...,a_{n}))}"></span> אם ורק אם <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle S_{2}(R(H(a_{1}),...,H(a_{n})))}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>S</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>R</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>H</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <msub> <mi>a</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>,</mo> <mo>.</mo> <mo>.</mo> <mo>.</mo> <mo>,</mo> <mi>H</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <msub> <mi>a</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>n</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle S_{2}(R(H(a_{1}),...,H(a_{n})))}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/542539af676f8f14d07e474154dd90f6e657c1a3" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:25.51ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle S_{2}(R(H(a_{1}),...,H(a_{n})))}"></span>.</li> <li><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle H}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>H</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle H}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/75a9edddcca2f782014371f75dca39d7e13a9c1b" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:2.064ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle H}"></span> <a href="/wiki/%D7%97%D7%93-%D7%97%D7%93_%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%9B%D7%99%D7%AA" class="mw-redirect" title="חד-חד ערכית">חד-חד ערכית</a> מ-<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle S_{1}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>S</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle S_{1}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/5bf84e7fd4fb8259a9b37f956afdf83ee2a020f9" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.479ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle S_{1}}"></span> <a href="/wiki/%D7%94%D7%AA%D7%90%D7%9E%D7%94_%D7%A2%D7%9C" class="mw-redirect" title="התאמה על">על</a> <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle S_{2}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>S</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle S_{2}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/1143e284d5f25cef778ab482edf6617a523ddd9f" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.479ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle S_{2}}"></span>.</li></ul> <p>כשקיימת כזו פונקציה בין שני מבנים <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle S_{1}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>S</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle S_{1}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/5bf84e7fd4fb8259a9b37f956afdf83ee2a020f9" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.479ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle S_{1}}"></span> ו-<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle S_{2}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>S</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle S_{2}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/1143e284d5f25cef778ab482edf6617a523ddd9f" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.479ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle S_{2}}"></span>, אומרים שהמבנים <b>איזומורפיים</b> ומסמנים <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle S_{1}\cong S_{2}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>S</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>≅</mo> <msub> <mi>S</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle S_{1}\cong S_{2}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/89cb5c6315f18ca355e5f237c68d141a647c29c6" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:8.057ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle S_{1}\cong S_{2}}"></span>. </p><p>פונקציה המקיימת את שלוש הדרישות הראשונות נקראת <a href="/wiki/%D7%94%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%96%D7%9D" title="הומומורפיזם">הומומורפיזם</a>. אם <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle S_{1}=S_{2}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>S</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mi>S</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle S_{1}=S_{2}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/26d5ccbd58b649a43232b05e110358eaf550c8b0" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:8.057ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle S_{1}=S_{2}}"></span>, אז הומומורפיזם נקרא "<a href="/wiki/%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%93%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%96%D7%9D" title="אנדומורפיזם">אנדומורפיזם</a>", ואיזומורפיזם נקרא <a href="/wiki/%D7%90%D7%95%D7%98%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%96%D7%9D" title="אוטומורפיזם">אוטומורפיזם</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="הגדרה_במונחי_תורת_הקטגוריות"><span id=".D7.94.D7.92.D7.93.D7.A8.D7.94_.D7.91.D7.9E.D7.95.D7.A0.D7.97.D7.99_.D7.AA.D7.95.D7.A8.D7.AA_.D7.94.D7.A7.D7.98.D7.92.D7.95.D7.A8.D7.99.D7.95.D7.AA"></span>הגדרה במונחי תורת הקטגוריות</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D7%90%D7%99%D7%96%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%96%D7%9D&action=edit&section=2" title="עריכת קוד המקור של הפרק: הגדרה במונחי תורת הקטגוריות"><span>עריכת קוד מקור</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D7%90%D7%99%D7%96%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%96%D7%9D&veaction=edit&section=2" title="עריכת פסקה: "הגדרה במונחי תורת הקטגוריות"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>עריכה</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>ב<a href="/wiki/%D7%AA%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%A7%D7%98%D7%92%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%95%D7%AA" title="תורת הקטגוריות">תורת הקטגוריות</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%96%D7%9D" title="מורפיזם">מורפיזם</a> <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle f\colon a\to b}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>f</mi> <mo>:</mo> <mi>a</mi> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> <mi>b</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle f\colon a\to b}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/0425497daf6729c6d42dacdb5c0c9684d4f68d91" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:8.154ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle f\colon a\to b}"></span> ב<a href="/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%98%D7%92%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%94_(%D7%9E%D7%AA%D7%9E%D7%98%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%94)" title="קטגוריה (מתמטיקה)">קטגוריה</a> <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle C}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>C</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle C}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/4fc55753007cd3c18576f7933f6f089196732029" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.766ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle C}"></span> נקרא "איזומורפיזם", אם הוא הפיך בקטגוריה, כלומר, קיים מורפיזם <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle g\colon b\to a}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>g</mi> <mo>:</mo> <mi>b</mi> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> <mi>a</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle g\colon b\to a}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/edc85e35c6bf30a26de9b581495740e873a22188" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:7.991ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle g\colon b\to a}"></span> כך שמתקיים <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle f\circ g=1_{b}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>f</mi> <mo>∘</mo> <mi>g</mi> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mn>1</mn> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>b</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle f\circ g=1_{b}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/05abaf8d5e95556992ea0c5f19694b2d794d9c56" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:9.788ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle f\circ g=1_{b}}"></span> ו-<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle g\circ f=1_{a}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>g</mi> <mo>∘</mo> <mi>f</mi> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mn>1</mn> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>a</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle g\circ f=1_{a}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/2595175b9ee1c1c157003469996d7e021e462df0" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:9.952ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle g\circ f=1_{a}}"></span>. </p><p>בקטגוריות רבות ההגדרה הזו מתלכדת עם ההגדרה הקודמת, אך הדבר אינו נכון באופן כללי. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="הגדרה_באלגברה"><span id=".D7.94.D7.92.D7.93.D7.A8.D7.94_.D7.91.D7.90.D7.9C.D7.92.D7.91.D7.A8.D7.94"></span>הגדרה באלגברה</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D7%90%D7%99%D7%96%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%96%D7%9D&action=edit&section=3" title="עריכת קוד המקור של הפרק: הגדרה באלגברה"><span>עריכת קוד מקור</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D7%90%D7%99%D7%96%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%96%D7%9D&veaction=edit&section=3" title="עריכת פסקה: "הגדרה באלגברה"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>עריכה</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="איזומורפיזם_בין_חבורות"><span id=".D7.90.D7.99.D7.96.D7.95.D7.9E.D7.95.D7.A8.D7.A4.D7.99.D7.96.D7.9D_.D7.91.D7.99.D7.9F_.D7.97.D7.91.D7.95.D7.A8.D7.95.D7.AA"></span>איזומורפיזם בין חבורות</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D7%90%D7%99%D7%96%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%96%D7%9D&action=edit&section=4" title="עריכת קוד המקור של הפרק: איזומורפיזם בין חבורות"><span>עריכת קוד מקור</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D7%90%D7%99%D7%96%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%96%D7%9D&veaction=edit&section=4" title="עריכת פסקה: "איזומורפיזם בין חבורות"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>עריכה</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>אם <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle A}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>A</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle A}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/7daff47fa58cdfd29dc333def748ff5fa4c923e3" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.743ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle A}"></span> ו-<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle B}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>B</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle B}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/47136aad860d145f75f3eed3022df827cee94d7a" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.764ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle B}"></span> הן שתי <a href="/wiki/%D7%97%D7%91%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%94_(%D7%9E%D7%91%D7%A0%D7%94_%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%92%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%99)" title="חבורה (מבנה אלגברי)">חבורות</a>, וקיימת <a href="/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%A7%D7%A6%D7%99%D7%94_%D7%97%D7%93-%D7%97%D7%93_%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%9B%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%95%D7%A2%D7%9C" class="mw-redirect" title="פונקציה חד-חד ערכית ועל">פונקציה חד-חד ערכית ועל</a> <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle f\colon A\to B}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>f</mi> <mo>:</mo> <mi>A</mi> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> <mi>B</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle f\colon A\to B}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/6dec1893560fabff9fa9c17b83b71f7f97996119" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:9.434ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle f\colon A\to B}"></span> כך שעבור כל צמד איברים <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \alpha ,\beta \in A}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>α</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>β</mi> <mo>∈</mo> <mi>A</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \alpha ,\beta \in A}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/7f9a2e5019ee66d78e0032ef67d732a91a2b2aa5" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:8.437ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \alpha ,\beta \in A}"></span> מתקיים <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle f(\alpha \cdot \beta )=f(\alpha )\cdot f(\beta )}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>f</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>α</mi> <mo>⋅</mo> <mi>β</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>=</mo> <mi>f</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>α</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>⋅</mo> <mi>f</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>β</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle f(\alpha \cdot \beta )=f(\alpha )\cdot f(\beta )}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/6e6fa0948ea358c105a9680b78bfe988a1648c55" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:21.36ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle f(\alpha \cdot \beta )=f(\alpha )\cdot f(\beta )}"></span>, אז <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle A}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>A</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle A}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/7daff47fa58cdfd29dc333def748ff5fa4c923e3" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.743ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle A}"></span> ו-<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle B}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>B</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle B}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/47136aad860d145f75f3eed3022df827cee94d7a" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.764ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle B}"></span> איזומורפיות זו לזו. אפשר להבין את ה"שוויון" בין החבורות, על ידי כך שנסמן את האיברים <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle f(\alpha ),f(\beta )\in B}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>f</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>α</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>,</mo> <mi>f</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>β</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>∈</mo> <mi>B</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle f(\alpha ),f(\beta )\in B}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/20e855db3ef0cf47800ea2a7314d4516a0f5f678" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:14.634ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle f(\alpha ),f(\beta )\in B}"></span> פשוט כ <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \alpha ,\beta }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>α</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>β</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \alpha ,\beta }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/e4b46b57cfa0011b643037751809904d915c1b48" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:3.854ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \alpha ,\beta }"></span>. לכן אפשר לראות שלכל מטרה מעשית, ההבדל בין החבורות הוא הבדל בסימון בלבד. </p><p>אפשר לראות שהאיזומורפיזם מקיים <a href="/wiki/%D7%99%D7%97%D7%A1_%D7%A9%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%AA" title="יחס שקילות">יחס שקילות</a>: </p> <ul><li>רפלקסיביות - ניקח חבורה <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle A}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>A</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle A}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/7daff47fa58cdfd29dc333def748ff5fa4c923e3" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.743ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle A}"></span> ונגדיר פונקציה חד-חד ערכית ועל <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle f\colon A\to A}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>f</mi> <mo>:</mo> <mi>A</mi> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> <mi>A</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle f\colon A\to A}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/ca02cc6a46673db4716f33f5c1eaff9c9e034a0c" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:9.413ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle f\colon A\to A}"></span> כך שעבור כל איבר <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \alpha \in A}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>α</mi> <mo>∈</mo> <mi>A</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \alpha \in A}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/7d584ba1104d5f4e64c91027696802e38979ea02" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:6.071ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \alpha \in A}"></span> מתקיים <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle f(\alpha )=\alpha }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>f</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>α</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>=</mo> <mi>α</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle f(\alpha )=\alpha }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/3c768d1422a03aa945c5b7483ec0995806b2bf2b" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:9.162ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle f(\alpha )=\alpha }"></span>. אפשר לראות שהפונקציה הזו מקיימת את תנאי האיזומורפיזם, ולכן <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle A\cong A}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>A</mi> <mo>≅</mo> <mi>A</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle A\cong A}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/3b04ae47363e1c05508c0f4ea86d950a9c7038b7" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:6.585ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle A\cong A}"></span>.</li> <li>סימטריות - עבור צמד חבורות איזומורפיות, <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle A}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>A</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle A}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/7daff47fa58cdfd29dc333def748ff5fa4c923e3" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.743ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle A}"></span> ו-<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle B}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>B</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle B}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/47136aad860d145f75f3eed3022df827cee94d7a" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.764ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle B}"></span>, כשפונקציית האיזומורפיזם ביניהן היא <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle f\colon A\to B}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>f</mi> <mo>:</mo> <mi>A</mi> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> <mi>B</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle f\colon A\to B}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/6dec1893560fabff9fa9c17b83b71f7f97996119" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:9.434ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle f\colon A\to B}"></span>, נגדיר פונקציה חד-חד ערכית ועל <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle f^{-1}\colon B\to A}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msup> <mi>f</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mo>:</mo> <mi>B</mi> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> <mi>A</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle f^{-1}\colon B\to A}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/4398d58ea5af53de61475e57342ac577fa840333" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:11.808ex; height:3.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle f^{-1}\colon B\to A}"></span> כך שעבור כל איבר <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \alpha \in A}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>α</mi> <mo>∈</mo> <mi>A</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \alpha \in A}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/7d584ba1104d5f4e64c91027696802e38979ea02" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:6.071ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \alpha \in A}"></span> מתקיים <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle f^{-1}(f(\alpha ))=\alpha }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msup> <mi>f</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>f</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>α</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>=</mo> <mi>α</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle f^{-1}(f(\alpha ))=\alpha }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/0da6d70c7db7195c328fb1b6313a687c393d38f2" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:14.624ex; height:3.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle f^{-1}(f(\alpha ))=\alpha }"></span>. אפשר לראות שהפונקציה הזו מקיימת את תנאי האיזומורפיזם, ולכן גם <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle B\cong A}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>B</mi> <mo>≅</mo> <mi>A</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle B\cong A}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/65ba20fdab23339019b79c131431b9dd48b1fee6" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:6.606ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle B\cong A}"></span>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D7%99%D7%97%D7%A1_%D7%98%D7%A8%D7%A0%D7%96%D7%99%D7%98%D7%99%D7%91%D7%99" title="יחס טרנזיטיבי">טרנזיטיביות</a> - אם עבור שלוש החבורות <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle A,B}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>A</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>B</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle A,B}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/96c3298ea9aa77c226be56a7d8515baaa517b90b" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:4.541ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle A,B}"></span> ו-<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle C}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>C</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle C}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/4fc55753007cd3c18576f7933f6f089196732029" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.766ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle C}"></span>, קיימות פונקציות <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle f_{A\to B}\colon A\to B}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>f</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>A</mi> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> <mi>B</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>:</mo> <mi>A</mi> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> <mi>B</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle f_{A\to B}\colon A\to B}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/b9b4c0c9768f46309d932e649b68ae288bdd0d71" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:13.65ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle f_{A\to B}\colon A\to B}"></span> ו-<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle f_{B\to C}\colon B\to C}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>f</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>B</mi> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> <mi>C</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>:</mo> <mi>B</mi> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> <mi>C</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle f_{B\to C}\colon B\to C}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/3adb54e92375a607add1c00c7fcbcf967d268b4c" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:13.689ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle f_{B\to C}\colon B\to C}"></span> שמקיימות את תנאי האיזומורפיזם, אז אפשר להגדיר פונקציה שלישית <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle f_{A\to C}\colon A\to C}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>f</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>A</mi> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> <mi>C</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>:</mo> <mi>A</mi> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> <mi>C</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle f_{A\to C}\colon A\to C}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/15c85799bc20414605d8e5dc74360d3623414cbf" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:13.654ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle f_{A\to C}\colon A\to C}"></span> כך שעבור כל איבר <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \alpha \in A}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>α</mi> <mo>∈</mo> <mi>A</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \alpha \in A}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/7d584ba1104d5f4e64c91027696802e38979ea02" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:6.071ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \alpha \in A}"></span> מתקיים <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle f_{A\to C}(\alpha )=f_{B\to C}(f_{A\to B}(\alpha ))}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>f</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>A</mi> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> <mi>C</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>α</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mi>f</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>B</mi> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> <mi>C</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <msub> <mi>f</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>A</mi> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> <mi>B</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>α</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle f_{A\to C}(\alpha )=f_{B\to C}(f_{A\to B}(\alpha ))}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/536e599ab4d47b9e702e3874ceafba7132c26ce6" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:28.003ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle f_{A\to C}(\alpha )=f_{B\to C}(f_{A\to B}(\alpha ))}"></span>. אפשר לראות שהפונקציה הזו מקיימת את תנאי האיזומורפיזם, ולכן <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle A\cong C}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>A</mi> <mo>≅</mo> <mi>C</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle A\cong C}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/40cb3a5dc443d1008243ba27806566fd351eff9a" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:6.608ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle A\cong C}"></span>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="דוגמאות_לאיזומורפיזם_של_חבורות"><span id=".D7.93.D7.95.D7.92.D7.9E.D7.90.D7.95.D7.AA_.D7.9C.D7.90.D7.99.D7.96.D7.95.D7.9E.D7.95.D7.A8.D7.A4.D7.99.D7.96.D7.9D_.D7.A9.D7.9C_.D7.97.D7.91.D7.95.D7.A8.D7.95.D7.AA"></span>דוגמאות לאיזומורפיזם של חבורות</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D7%90%D7%99%D7%96%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%96%D7%9D&action=edit&section=5" title="עריכת קוד המקור של הפרק: דוגמאות לאיזומורפיזם של חבורות"><span>עריכת קוד מקור</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D7%90%D7%99%D7%96%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%96%D7%9D&veaction=edit&section=5" title="עריכת פסקה: "דוגמאות לאיזומורפיזם של חבורות"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>עריכה</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>החבורה <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle A\equiv \{1,-1,i,-i\}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>A</mi> <mo>≡</mo> <mo fence="false" stretchy="false">{</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mo>−</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mi>i</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mo>−</mo> <mi>i</mi> <mo fence="false" stretchy="false">}</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle A\equiv \{1,-1,i,-i\}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/f740cce751cb21fdd99d3e5da7ca00cd1e9f0e95" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:17.814ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle A\equiv \{1,-1,i,-i\}}"></span> תחת פעולת הכפל, היא איזומורפית לחבורה <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle B\equiv \{0,1,2,3\}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>B</mi> <mo>≡</mo> <mo fence="false" stretchy="false">{</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mn>3</mn> <mo fence="false" stretchy="false">}</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle B\equiv \{0,1,2,3\}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/b48378ff5dc0d54e80769eaf605c7c3b36d08d84" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:14.939ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle B\equiv \{0,1,2,3\}}"></span> תחת פעולת החיבור מודולו 4. פונקציית האיזומורפיזם היא <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle f(0)=1,f(1)=i,f(2)=-1,f(3)=-i}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>f</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>=</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mi>f</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>=</mo> <mi>i</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>f</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>=</mo> <mo>−</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mi>f</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>3</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>=</mo> <mo>−</mo> <mi>i</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle f(0)=1,f(1)=i,f(2)=-1,f(3)=-i}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/8184ef5af283d4a07f370671cd6ad3f75b94bc88" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:40.043ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle f(0)=1,f(1)=i,f(2)=-1,f(3)=-i}"></span>.</li> <li>החבורה <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle C\equiv \left\{{\begin{pmatrix}1&0\\0&1\end{pmatrix}},{\begin{pmatrix}0&-1\\1&0\end{pmatrix}},{\begin{pmatrix}-1&0\\0&-1\end{pmatrix}},{\begin{pmatrix}0&1\\-1&0\end{pmatrix}}\right\}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>C</mi> <mo>≡</mo> <mrow> <mo>{</mo> <mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mtable rowspacing="4pt" columnspacing="1em"> <mtr> <mtd> <mn>1</mn> </mtd> <mtd> <mn>0</mn> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mn>0</mn> </mtd> <mtd> <mn>1</mn> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> <mo>,</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mtable rowspacing="4pt" columnspacing="1em"> <mtr> <mtd> <mn>0</mn> </mtd> <mtd> <mo>−</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mn>1</mn> </mtd> <mtd> <mn>0</mn> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> <mo>,</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mtable rowspacing="4pt" columnspacing="1em"> <mtr> <mtd> <mo>−</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mtd> <mtd> <mn>0</mn> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mn>0</mn> </mtd> <mtd> <mo>−</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> <mo>,</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mtable rowspacing="4pt" columnspacing="1em"> <mtr> <mtd> <mn>0</mn> </mtd> <mtd> <mn>1</mn> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mo>−</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mtd> <mtd> <mn>0</mn> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </mrow> <mo>}</mo> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle C\equiv \left\{{\begin{pmatrix}1&0\\0&1\end{pmatrix}},{\begin{pmatrix}0&-1\\1&0\end{pmatrix}},{\begin{pmatrix}-1&0\\0&-1\end{pmatrix}},{\begin{pmatrix}0&1\\-1&0\end{pmatrix}}\right\}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/9dd1d236fb2e14a0f05b11489f2a36db769aec2c" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.505ex; width:53.966ex; height:6.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle C\equiv \left\{{\begin{pmatrix}1&0\\0&1\end{pmatrix}},{\begin{pmatrix}0&-1\\1&0\end{pmatrix}},{\begin{pmatrix}-1&0\\0&-1\end{pmatrix}},{\begin{pmatrix}0&1\\-1&0\end{pmatrix}}\right\}}"></span> תחת פעולת <a href="/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%A4%D7%9C_%D7%9E%D7%98%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%95%D7%AA" title="כפל מטריצות">הכפל</a> איזומורפית ל-<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle A}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>A</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle A}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/7daff47fa58cdfd29dc333def748ff5fa4c923e3" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.743ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle A}"></span> (ולכן, גם ל-<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle B}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>B</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle B}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/47136aad860d145f75f3eed3022df827cee94d7a" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.764ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle B}"></span>). פונקציית האיזומורפיזם היא <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle f\left({\begin{pmatrix}1&0\\0&1\end{pmatrix}}\right)=1,f\left({\begin{pmatrix}0&-1\\1&0\end{pmatrix}}\right)=i,f\left({\begin{pmatrix}0&1\\-1&0\end{pmatrix}}\right)=-i,f\left({\begin{pmatrix}-1&0\\0&-1\end{pmatrix}}\right)=-1}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>f</mi> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mtable rowspacing="4pt" columnspacing="1em"> <mtr> <mtd> <mn>1</mn> </mtd> <mtd> <mn>0</mn> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mn>0</mn> </mtd> <mtd> <mn>1</mn> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mi>f</mi> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mtable rowspacing="4pt" columnspacing="1em"> <mtr> <mtd> <mn>0</mn> </mtd> <mtd> <mo>−</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mn>1</mn> </mtd> <mtd> <mn>0</mn> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mi>i</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>f</mi> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mtable rowspacing="4pt" columnspacing="1em"> <mtr> <mtd> <mn>0</mn> </mtd> <mtd> <mn>1</mn> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mo>−</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mtd> <mtd> <mn>0</mn> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mo>−</mo> <mi>i</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>f</mi> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mtable rowspacing="4pt" columnspacing="1em"> <mtr> <mtd> <mo>−</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mtd> <mtd> <mn>0</mn> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mn>0</mn> </mtd> <mtd> <mo>−</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mo>−</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle f\left({\begin{pmatrix}1&0\\0&1\end{pmatrix}}\right)=1,f\left({\begin{pmatrix}0&-1\\1&0\end{pmatrix}}\right)=i,f\left({\begin{pmatrix}0&1\\-1&0\end{pmatrix}}\right)=-i,f\left({\begin{pmatrix}-1&0\\0&-1\end{pmatrix}}\right)=-1}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/5e35198103bfc6c66e31c9bbecee2378af8903f6" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.505ex; width:85.902ex; height:6.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle f\left({\begin{pmatrix}1&0\\0&1\end{pmatrix}}\right)=1,f\left({\begin{pmatrix}0&-1\\1&0\end{pmatrix}}\right)=i,f\left({\begin{pmatrix}0&1\\-1&0\end{pmatrix}}\right)=-i,f\left({\begin{pmatrix}-1&0\\0&-1\end{pmatrix}}\right)=-1}"></span>.</li> <li>עבור החבורה <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle A}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>A</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle A}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/7daff47fa58cdfd29dc333def748ff5fa4c923e3" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.743ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle A}"></span> מתקיים אוטומורפיזם, כשפונקציית האוטומורפיזם היא <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle f(1)=1,f(-i)=i,f(-1)=-1,f(i)=-i}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>f</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>=</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mi>f</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mo>−</mo> <mi>i</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>=</mo> <mi>i</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>f</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mo>−</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>=</mo> <mo>−</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mi>f</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>i</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>=</mo> <mo>−</mo> <mi>i</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle f(1)=1,f(-i)=i,f(-1)=-1,f(i)=-i}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/99c8a9deb8328a05ed7e471bee73a1b054c9e2e0" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:42.939ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle f(1)=1,f(-i)=i,f(-1)=-1,f(i)=-i}"></span>. באופן דומה, גם עבור <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle B}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>B</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle B}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/47136aad860d145f75f3eed3022df827cee94d7a" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.764ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle B}"></span> ו-<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle C}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>C</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle C}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/4fc55753007cd3c18576f7933f6f089196732029" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.766ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle C}"></span> מתקיים אוטומורפיזם.</li> <li>חבורת כל <a href="/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A1%D7%A4%D7%A8_%D7%A9%D7%9C%D7%9D" title="מספר שלם">המספרים השלמים</a> (<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathbb {Z} =\{\dots ,-3,-2,-1,0,1,2,3,\dots \}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">Z</mi> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mo fence="false" stretchy="false">{</mo> <mo>…</mo> <mo>,</mo> <mo>−</mo> <mn>3</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mo>−</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mo>−</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mn>3</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mo>…</mo> <mo fence="false" stretchy="false">}</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathbb {Z} =\{\dots ,-3,-2,-1,0,1,2,3,\dots \}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/c21c535c737c1b8db41bb57d6a9c39269c12e09e" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:34.64ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathbb {Z} =\{\dots ,-3,-2,-1,0,1,2,3,\dots \}}"></span>), תחת פעולת החיבור, איזומרפית לחבורת המספרים השלמים והחצי שלמים (כלומר <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \left\{\dots ,-1{\frac {1}{2}},-1,-{\frac {1}{2}},0,{\frac {1}{2}},1,1{\frac {1}{2}},\dots \right\}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow> <mo>{</mo> <mrow> <mo>…</mo> <mo>,</mo> <mo>−</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <mn>2</mn> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>,</mo> <mo>−</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mo>−</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <mn>2</mn> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>,</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <mn>2</mn> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>,</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <mn>2</mn> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>,</mo> <mo>…</mo> </mrow> <mo>}</mo> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \left\{\dots ,-1{\frac {1}{2}},-1,-{\frac {1}{2}},0,{\frac {1}{2}},1,1{\frac {1}{2}},\dots \right\}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/e8b0d02bc2c4b5e4d87dc1094e25b5a8fe31a0d0" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.505ex; width:36.822ex; height:6.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \left\{\dots ,-1{\frac {1}{2}},-1,-{\frac {1}{2}},0,{\frac {1}{2}},1,1{\frac {1}{2}},\dots \right\}}"></span>), פונקציית האיזומורפיזם היא <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle f(n)={\frac {n}{2}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>f</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>n</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mi>n</mi> <mn>2</mn> </mfrac> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle f(n)={\frac {n}{2}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/c006ab7c4c5408a846065392ac9a0c1bebdcf090" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.838ex; width:9.812ex; height:4.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle f(n)={\frac {n}{2}}}"></span>.</li> <li>הפונקציה <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle f(n)=-n}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>f</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>n</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>=</mo> <mo>−</mo> <mi>n</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle f(n)=-n}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/a305de2749db6553267a6d9db78734e788e3124a" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:10.784ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle f(n)=-n}"></span> עבור חבורת המספרים השלמים <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathbb {Z} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">Z</mi> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathbb {Z} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/449494a083e0a1fda2b61c62b2f09b6bee4633dc" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.55ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathbb {Z} }"></span> היא אוטומורפיזם.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="איזומורפיזם_בין_חוגים"><span id=".D7.90.D7.99.D7.96.D7.95.D7.9E.D7.95.D7.A8.D7.A4.D7.99.D7.96.D7.9D_.D7.91.D7.99.D7.9F_.D7.97.D7.95.D7.92.D7.99.D7.9D"></span>איזומורפיזם בין חוגים</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D7%90%D7%99%D7%96%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%96%D7%9D&action=edit&section=6" title="עריכת קוד המקור של הפרק: איזומורפיזם בין חוגים"><span>עריכת קוד מקור</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D7%90%D7%99%D7%96%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%96%D7%9D&veaction=edit&section=6" title="עריכת פסקה: "איזומורפיזם בין חוגים"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>עריכה</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>באופן דומה, אם <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle A}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>A</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle A}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/7daff47fa58cdfd29dc333def748ff5fa4c923e3" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.743ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle A}"></span> ו-<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle B}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>B</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle B}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/47136aad860d145f75f3eed3022df827cee94d7a" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.764ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle B}"></span> הם שני <a href="/wiki/%D7%97%D7%95%D7%92_(%D7%9E%D7%91%D7%A0%D7%94_%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%92%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%99)" title="חוג (מבנה אלגברי)">חוגים</a>, וקיימת פונקציה חד-חד ערכית ועל <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle f:A\mapsto B}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>f</mi> <mo>:</mo> <mi>A</mi> <mo stretchy="false">↦</mo> <mi>B</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle f:A\mapsto B}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/95138b7a1c4e935668228a44c617bfe09e7cce74" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:10.337ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle f:A\mapsto B}"></span> כך שעבור כל צמד איברים <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \alpha ,\beta \in A}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>α</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>β</mi> <mo>∈</mo> <mi>A</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \alpha ,\beta \in A}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/7f9a2e5019ee66d78e0032ef67d732a91a2b2aa5" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:8.437ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \alpha ,\beta \in A}"></span> מתקיים <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle f(\alpha \cdot \beta )=f(\alpha )\cdot f(\beta )}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>f</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>α</mi> <mo>⋅</mo> <mi>β</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>=</mo> <mi>f</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>α</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>⋅</mo> <mi>f</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>β</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle f(\alpha \cdot \beta )=f(\alpha )\cdot f(\beta )}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/6e6fa0948ea358c105a9680b78bfe988a1648c55" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:21.36ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle f(\alpha \cdot \beta )=f(\alpha )\cdot f(\beta )}"></span>, <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle f(\alpha +\beta )=f(\alpha )+f(\beta )}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>f</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>α</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mi>β</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>=</mo> <mi>f</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>α</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>+</mo> <mi>f</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>β</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle f(\alpha +\beta )=f(\alpha )+f(\beta )}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/da033ab3b1217193658ba7784ba4deb462412210" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:23.682ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle f(\alpha +\beta )=f(\alpha )+f(\beta )}"></span> וגם <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle f(1)=1}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>f</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>=</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle f(1)=1}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/c23ec03a1dad7631fc47878cb66b800a538dff1c" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:8.511ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle f(1)=1}"></span> (התנאי האחרון רלוונטי רק לחוגים עם יחידה) אז <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle A}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>A</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle A}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/7daff47fa58cdfd29dc333def748ff5fa4c923e3" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.743ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle A}"></span> ו-<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle B}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>B</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle B}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/47136aad860d145f75f3eed3022df827cee94d7a" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.764ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle B}"></span> איזומורפיים זה לזה.<br /> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="איזומורפיזם_בין_מודולים"><span id=".D7.90.D7.99.D7.96.D7.95.D7.9E.D7.95.D7.A8.D7.A4.D7.99.D7.96.D7.9D_.D7.91.D7.99.D7.9F_.D7.9E.D7.95.D7.93.D7.95.D7.9C.D7.99.D7.9D"></span>איזומורפיזם בין מודולים</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D7%90%D7%99%D7%96%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%96%D7%9D&action=edit&section=7" title="עריכת קוד המקור של הפרק: איזומורפיזם בין מודולים"><span>עריכת קוד מקור</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D7%90%D7%99%D7%96%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%96%D7%9D&veaction=edit&section=7" title="עריכת פסקה: "איזומורפיזם בין מודולים"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>עריכה</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>באופן דומה, אם <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle A}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>A</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle A}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/7daff47fa58cdfd29dc333def748ff5fa4c923e3" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.743ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle A}"></span> ו-<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle B}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>B</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle B}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/47136aad860d145f75f3eed3022df827cee94d7a" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.764ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle B}"></span> הם שני <a href="/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%93%D7%95%D7%9C_(%D7%9E%D7%91%D7%A0%D7%94_%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%92%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%99)" title="מודול (מבנה אלגברי)">מודולים</a> שמאליים מעל חוג <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle R}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>R</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle R}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/4b0bfb3769bf24d80e15374dc37b0441e2616e33" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.764ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle R}"></span>, וקיימת פונקציה חד-חד ערכית ועל <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle f\colon A\to B}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>f</mi> <mo>:</mo> <mi>A</mi> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> <mi>B</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle f\colon A\to B}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/6dec1893560fabff9fa9c17b83b71f7f97996119" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:9.434ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle f\colon A\to B}"></span> כך שעבור כל צמד איברים <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \alpha ,\beta \in A}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>α</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>β</mi> <mo>∈</mo> <mi>A</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \alpha ,\beta \in A}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/7f9a2e5019ee66d78e0032ef67d732a91a2b2aa5" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:8.437ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \alpha ,\beta \in A}"></span> מתקיים <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle f(\alpha +\beta )=f(\alpha )+f(\beta )}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>f</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>α</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mi>β</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>=</mo> <mi>f</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>α</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>+</mo> <mi>f</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>β</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle f(\alpha +\beta )=f(\alpha )+f(\beta )}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/da033ab3b1217193658ba7784ba4deb462412210" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:23.682ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle f(\alpha +\beta )=f(\alpha )+f(\beta )}"></span>, וגם עבור כל <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle r\in R}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>r</mi> <mo>∈</mo> <mi>R</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle r\in R}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/ca49c66b5e9b5f32249a737e4429c3df136c33f0" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:5.653ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle r\in R}"></span> מתקיים <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle f(r\alpha )=rf(\alpha )}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>f</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>r</mi> <mi>α</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>=</mo> <mi>r</mi> <mi>f</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>α</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle f(r\alpha )=rf(\alpha )}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/07dc7cb28118f9ea4974ba2473afb69cce757c8a" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:14.347ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle f(r\alpha )=rf(\alpha )}"></span>, אז <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle A}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>A</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle A}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/7daff47fa58cdfd29dc333def748ff5fa4c923e3" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.743ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle A}"></span> ו-<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle B}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>B</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle B}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/47136aad860d145f75f3eed3022df827cee94d7a" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.764ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle B}"></span> איזומורפיים זה לזה. </p><p>בנוסף, אם <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle A}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>A</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle A}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/7daff47fa58cdfd29dc333def748ff5fa4c923e3" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.743ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle A}"></span> ו-<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle B}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>B</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle B}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/47136aad860d145f75f3eed3022df827cee94d7a" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.764ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle B}"></span> הם שני מודולים שמאליים מעל שני חוגים <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle R_{A},R_{B}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>R</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>A</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>,</mo> <msub> <mi>R</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>B</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle R_{A},R_{B}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/e71003093c4f25075230d16c10195f5f23ed3923" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:7.506ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle R_{A},R_{B}}"></span> איזומורפיים, כשהאיזומורפיזם בין שני החוגים הוא <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle g\colon R_{A}\to R_{B}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>g</mi> <mo>:</mo> <msub> <mi>R</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>A</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> <msub> <mi>R</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>B</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle g\colon R_{A}\to R_{B}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/0d7aedd76db499bfa09f20de164b9c97a3b928a3" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:12.236ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle g\colon R_{A}\to R_{B}}"></span> וקיימת פונקציה חד-חד ערכית ועל <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle f\colon A\to B}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>f</mi> <mo>:</mo> <mi>A</mi> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> <mi>B</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle f\colon A\to B}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/6dec1893560fabff9fa9c17b83b71f7f97996119" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:9.434ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle f\colon A\to B}"></span> כך שעבור כל צמד איברים <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \alpha ,\beta \in A}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>α</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>β</mi> <mo>∈</mo> <mi>A</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \alpha ,\beta \in A}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/7f9a2e5019ee66d78e0032ef67d732a91a2b2aa5" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:8.437ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \alpha ,\beta \in A}"></span> מתקיים <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle f(\alpha +\beta )=f(\alpha )+f(\beta )}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>f</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>α</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mi>β</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>=</mo> <mi>f</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>α</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>+</mo> <mi>f</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>β</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle f(\alpha +\beta )=f(\alpha )+f(\beta )}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/da033ab3b1217193658ba7784ba4deb462412210" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:23.682ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle f(\alpha +\beta )=f(\alpha )+f(\beta )}"></span>, וגם עבור כל <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle r\in R_{A}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>r</mi> <mo>∈</mo> <msub> <mi>R</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>A</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle r\in R_{A}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/d3119d600ec5e2414c854667500c8c5ecc5587df" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:7.118ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle r\in R_{A}}"></span> מתקיים <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle f(r\alpha )=g(r)f(\alpha )}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>f</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>r</mi> <mi>α</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>=</mo> <mi>g</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>r</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mi>f</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>α</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle f(r\alpha )=g(r)f(\alpha )}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/d0af9ac93881e8182e91bae632f27c2b2ec8b5d4" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:17.272ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle f(r\alpha )=g(r)f(\alpha )}"></span> אז <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle A}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>A</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle A}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/7daff47fa58cdfd29dc333def748ff5fa4c923e3" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.743ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle A}"></span> ו-<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle B}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>B</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle B}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/47136aad860d145f75f3eed3022df827cee94d7a" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.764ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle B}"></span> איזומורפיים זה לזה. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="איזומורפיזם_בין_אלגברות"><span id=".D7.90.D7.99.D7.96.D7.95.D7.9E.D7.95.D7.A8.D7.A4.D7.99.D7.96.D7.9D_.D7.91.D7.99.D7.9F_.D7.90.D7.9C.D7.92.D7.91.D7.A8.D7.95.D7.AA"></span>איזומורפיזם בין אלגברות</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D7%90%D7%99%D7%96%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%96%D7%9D&action=edit&section=8" title="עריכת קוד המקור של הפרק: איזומורפיזם בין אלגברות"><span>עריכת קוד מקור</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D7%90%D7%99%D7%96%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%96%D7%9D&veaction=edit&section=8" title="עריכת פסקה: "איזומורפיזם בין אלגברות"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>עריכה</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>באופן דומה, אם <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle A}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>A</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle A}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/7daff47fa58cdfd29dc333def748ff5fa4c923e3" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.743ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle A}"></span> ו-<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle B}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>B</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle B}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/47136aad860d145f75f3eed3022df827cee94d7a" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.764ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle B}"></span> הן שתי <a href="/wiki/%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%92%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%94_(%D7%9E%D7%91%D7%A0%D7%94_%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%92%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%99)" title="אלגברה (מבנה אלגברי)">אלגברות</a> שמקיימות את תנאי האיזומורפיות כמודול עבור הפונקציה <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle f\colon A\to B}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>f</mi> <mo>:</mo> <mi>A</mi> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> <mi>B</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle f\colon A\to B}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/6dec1893560fabff9fa9c17b83b71f7f97996119" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:9.434ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle f\colon A\to B}"></span> ובנוסף עבור כל צמד איברים <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \alpha ,\beta \in A}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>α</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>β</mi> <mo>∈</mo> <mi>A</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \alpha ,\beta \in A}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/7f9a2e5019ee66d78e0032ef67d732a91a2b2aa5" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:8.437ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \alpha ,\beta \in A}"></span> מתקיים <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle f(\alpha \star \beta )=f(\alpha )\star f(\beta )}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>f</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>α</mi> <mo>⋆</mo> <mi>β</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>=</mo> <mi>f</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>α</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>⋆</mo> <mi>f</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>β</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle f(\alpha \star \beta )=f(\alpha )\star f(\beta )}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/1064af56f9cd89990dd48cfbe078729bb229e201" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:22.391ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle f(\alpha \star \beta )=f(\alpha )\star f(\beta )}"></span>, אז<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle A}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>A</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle A}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/7daff47fa58cdfd29dc333def748ff5fa4c923e3" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.743ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle A}"></span> ו-<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle B}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>B</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle B}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/47136aad860d145f75f3eed3022df827cee94d7a" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.764ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle B}"></span> איזומורפיות זו לזו. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="איזומורפיזם_בין_גרפים"><span id=".D7.90.D7.99.D7.96.D7.95.D7.9E.D7.95.D7.A8.D7.A4.D7.99.D7.96.D7.9D_.D7.91.D7.99.D7.9F_.D7.92.D7.A8.D7.A4.D7.99.D7.9D"></span>איזומורפיזם בין גרפים</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D7%90%D7%99%D7%96%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%96%D7%9D&action=edit&section=9" title="עריכת קוד המקור של הפרק: איזומורפיזם בין גרפים"><span>עריכת קוד מקור</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D7%90%D7%99%D7%96%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%96%D7%9D&veaction=edit&section=9" title="עריכת פסקה: "איזומורפיזם בין גרפים"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>עריכה</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>אם <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle (V_{1},E_{1})}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <msub> <mi>V</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>,</mo> <msub> <mi>E</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle (V_{1},E_{1})}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/c6e05be5289cbb6aa928ae8bb5973314f1d093ea" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:8.022ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle (V_{1},E_{1})}"></span> ו-<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle (V_{2},E_{2})}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <msub> <mi>V</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>,</mo> <msub> <mi>E</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle (V_{2},E_{2})}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/cb50aed42d1b3c4cf1e60e5d68be56e193d9f0ec" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:8.022ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle (V_{2},E_{2})}"></span> הם שני <a href="/wiki/%D7%AA%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%92%D7%A8%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%9D" title="תורת הגרפים">גרפים</a>, וקיימת פונקציה חד-חד ערכית ועל <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle f\colon V_{1}\to V_{2}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>f</mi> <mo>:</mo> <msub> <mi>V</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> <msub> <mi>V</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle f\colon V_{1}\to V_{2}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/cd9292c4dc11cb070e82e285073d12b7afb35942" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:10.746ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle f\colon V_{1}\to V_{2}}"></span> כך שקיימת קשת ב-<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle E_{1}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>E</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle E_{1}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/7ac42446bcd2cbb76ec8fe2895635d328da22e26" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.769ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle E_{1}}"></span> בין <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle v\in V_{1}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>v</mi> <mo>∈</mo> <msub> <mi>V</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle v\in V_{1}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/1e04b2c8f6226f1aa51ebc4f1b429bfbeff793e8" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:6.378ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle v\in V_{1}}"></span> לבין <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle u\in V_{1}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>u</mi> <mo>∈</mo> <msub> <mi>V</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle u\in V_{1}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/85bcc311797a849ea853ac5d97e778bd589dd64a" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:6.58ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle u\in V_{1}}"></span> <a href="/wiki/%D7%90%D7%9D_%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%A7_%D7%90%D7%9D" title="אם ורק אם">אם ורק אם</a> קיימת קשת ב<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle E_{2}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>E</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle E_{2}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/8e6ee346e54f38302f47b5cf3016d8718f2040c0" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.769ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle E_{2}}"></span> בין <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle f(v)\in V_{2}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>f</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>v</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>∈</mo> <msub> <mi>V</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle f(v)\in V_{2}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/59e16eea1d3e99a4eb62eee949e1a703cba9be6f" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:9.466ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle f(v)\in V_{2}}"></span> לבין <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle f(u)\in V_{2}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>f</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>u</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>∈</mo> <msub> <mi>V</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle f(u)\in V_{2}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/96215f51596c96e53ac04743fc1dd4520b230e6d" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:9.668ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle f(u)\in V_{2}}"></span> אז הגרפים איזומורפיים זה לזה. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="איזומורפיזם_של_קבוצות_סדורות"><span id=".D7.90.D7.99.D7.96.D7.95.D7.9E.D7.95.D7.A8.D7.A4.D7.99.D7.96.D7.9D_.D7.A9.D7.9C_.D7.A7.D7.91.D7.95.D7.A6.D7.95.D7.AA_.D7.A1.D7.93.D7.95.D7.A8.D7.95.D7.AA"></span>איזומורפיזם של קבוצות סדורות</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D7%90%D7%99%D7%96%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%96%D7%9D&action=edit&section=10" title="עריכת קוד המקור של הפרק: איזומורפיזם של קבוצות סדורות"><span>עריכת קוד מקור</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D7%90%D7%99%D7%96%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%96%D7%9D&veaction=edit&section=10" title="עריכת פסקה: "איזומורפיזם של קבוצות סדורות"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>עריכה</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>קבוצות סדורות הן איזומורפיות אם יש ביניהן פונקציה חד-חד-ערכית ועל, ה<a href="/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%A7%D7%A6%D7%99%D7%94_%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%A8%D7%AA_%D7%A1%D7%93%D7%A8" title="פונקציה שומרת סדר">שומרת על יחס הסדר</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="ראו_גם"><span id=".D7.A8.D7.90.D7.95_.D7.92.D7.9D"></span>ראו גם</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D7%90%D7%99%D7%96%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%96%D7%9D&action=edit&section=11" title="עריכת קוד המקור של הפרק: ראו גם"><span>עריכת קוד מקור</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D7%90%D7%99%D7%96%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%96%D7%9D&veaction=edit&section=11" title="עריכת פסקה: "ראו גם"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>עריכה</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D7%94%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%96%D7%9D_(%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%92%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%94)" class="mw-redirect" title="הומומורפיזם (אלגברה)">הומומורפיזם</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A9%D7%A4%D7%98%D7%99_%D7%94%D7%90%D7%99%D7%96%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%96%D7%9D_(%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%92%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%94)" class="mw-redirect" title="משפטי האיזומורפיזם (אלגברה)">משפטי האיזומורפיזם</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="קישורים_חיצוניים"><span id=".D7.A7.D7.99.D7.A9.D7.95.D7.A8.D7.99.D7.9D_.D7.97.D7.99.D7.A6.D7.95.D7.A0.D7.99.D7.99.D7.9D"></span>קישורים חיצוניים</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D7%90%D7%99%D7%96%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%96%D7%9D&action=edit&section=12" title="עריכת קוד המקור של הפרק: קישורים חיצוניים"><span>עריכת קוד מקור</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D7%90%D7%99%D7%96%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%96%D7%9D&veaction=edit&section=12" title="עריכת פסקה: "קישורים חיצוניים"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>עריכה</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.encyclopediaofmath.org/index.php/Isomorphism">איזומורפיזם</a>, באתר <a href="/wiki/%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%A6%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%A4%D7%93%D7%99%D7%94_%D7%9C%D7%9E%D7%AA%D7%9E%D7%98%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%94" title="אנציקלופדיה למתמטיקה">אנציקלופדיה למתמטיקה</a> <span dir="rtl" class="languageicon">(באנגלית)</span><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r36549940">.mw-parser-output .languageicon{font-size:0.95em;font-weight:bold;color:#555}</style></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mathworld.wolfram.com/Isomorphism.html">איזומורפיזם</a>, באתר <a href="/wiki/MathWorld" title="MathWorld">MathWorld</a> <span dir="rtl" class="languageicon">(באנגלית)</span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r36549940"></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/isomorphism-mathematics">איזומורפיזם</a>, באתר <a href="/wiki/%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%A6%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%A4%D7%93%D7%99%D7%94_%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%98%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%94" title="אנציקלופדיה בריטניקה">אנציקלופדיה בריטניקה</a> <span dir="rtl" class="languageicon">(באנגלית)</span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r36549940"></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%91%D7%A5:National_Library_IL_logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/National_Library_IL_logo.svg/20px-National_Library_IL_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/National_Library_IL_logo.svg/30px-National_Library_IL_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/National_Library_IL_logo.svg/40px-National_Library_IL_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="397" /></a></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/he/a-topic/987007565408405171">איזומורפיזם (מתמטיקה)</a>, דף שער ב<a href="/wiki/%D7%94%D7%A1%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%99%D7%94_%D7%94%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%AA" title="הספרייה הלאומית">ספרייה הלאומית</a></li></ul> <div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="בקרת_זהויות_15px&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189112?uselang=he&#124;עריכת_הנתון_בוויקינתונים" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th id="בקרת_זהויות_15px&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189112?uselang=he&#124;עריכת_הנתון_בוויקינתונים" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%D7%A2%D7%96%D7%A8%D7%94:%D7%91%D7%A7%D7%A8%D7%AA_%D7%96%D7%94%D7%95%D7%99%D7%95%D7%AA" title="עזרה:בקרת זהויות">בקרת זהויות</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189112?uselang=he" title="עריכת הנתון בוויקינתונים"><img alt="עריכת הנתון בוויקינתונים" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Blue_pencil_RTL.svg/15px-Blue_pencil_RTL.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Blue_pencil_RTL.svg/23px-Blue_pencil_RTL.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Blue_pencil_RTL.svg/30px-Blue_pencil_RTL.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-right-width:2px;border-right-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><div dir="ltr"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%D7%94%D7%A1%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%99%D7%94_%D7%94%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%AA" title="הספרייה הלאומית">NLI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007565408405171">987007565408405171</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%98%D7%AA_%D7%A1%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%92%D7%A8%D7%A1" title="שיטת ספריית הקונגרס">LCCN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh85068654">sh85068654</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">אוחזר מתוך "<a dir="ltr" href="https://he.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=איזומורפיזם&oldid=35657099">https://he.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=איזומורפיזם&oldid=35657099</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/%D7%95%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%A4%D7%93%D7%99%D7%94:%D7%A7%D7%98%D7%92%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%94" title="ויקיפדיה:קטגוריה">קטגוריות</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%98%D7%92%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%94:%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%92%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%94" title="קטגוריה:אלגברה">אלגברה</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%98%D7%92%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%94:%D7%99%D7%97%D7%A1%D7%99_%D7%A9%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%AA" title="קטגוריה:יחסי שקילות">יחסי שקילות</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%98%D7%92%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%94:%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%96%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%9D" title="קטגוריה:מורפיזמים">מורפיזמים</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">קטגוריות מוסתרות: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%98%D7%92%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%94:%D7%95%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%A4%D7%93%D7%99%D7%94:_%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%9B%D7%99%D7%9D_%D7%94%D7%93%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%9D_%D7%9E%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%A8_-_%D7%9E%D7%93%D7%A2%D7%99_%D7%94%D7%98%D7%91%D7%A2" title="קטגוריה:ויקיפדיה: ערכים הדורשים מקור - מדעי הטבע">ויקיפדיה: ערכים הדורשים מקור - מדעי הטבע</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%98%D7%92%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%94:%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%9B%D7%99%D7%9D_%D7%A2%D7%9D_%D7%AA%D7%91%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%98%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%94" title="קטגוריה:ערכים עם תבנית בריטניקה">ערכים עם תבנית בריטניקה</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%98%D7%92%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%94:%D7%95%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%A4%D7%93%D7%99%D7%94:_%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%9B%D7%99%D7%9D_%D7%A2%D7%9D_%D7%9E%D7%96%D7%94%D7%94_J9U" title="קטגוריה:ויקיפדיה: ערכים עם מזהה J9U">ויקיפדיה: ערכים עם מזהה J9U</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%98%D7%92%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%94:%D7%95%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%A4%D7%93%D7%99%D7%94:_%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%9B%D7%99%D7%9D_%D7%A2%D7%9D_%D7%9E%D7%96%D7%94%D7%94_LCCN" title="קטגוריה:ויקיפדיה: ערכים עם מזהה LCCN">ויקיפדיה: ערכים עם מזהה LCCN</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> <div id='mw-data-after-content'> <div class="read-more-container"></div> </div> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> דף זה נערך לאחרונה ב־7 בפברואר 2023, בשעה 12:09.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">הטקסט מוגש בכפוף לרישיון <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.he">Creative Commons ייחוס-שיתוף זהה 4.0</a>; ייתכן שישנם תנאים נוספים. ר׳ את <a class="external text" href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use">תנאי השימוש</a> לפרטים.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">מדיניות פרטיות</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/%D7%95%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%A4%D7%93%D7%99%D7%94:%D7%90%D7%95%D7%93%D7%95%D7%AA">אודות ויקיפדיה</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/%D7%95%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%A4%D7%93%D7%99%D7%94:%D7%94%D7%91%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%9E%D7%A9%D7%A4%D7%98%D7%99%D7%95%D7%AA">הבהרות משפטיות</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">קוד התנהגות</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">מפתחים</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/he.wikipedia.org">סטטיסטיקות</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">הצהרה על עוגיות</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//he.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D7%90%D7%99%D7%96%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%96%D7%9D&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">תצוגת מכשירים ניידים</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-7dfb9d98f5-mlwtf","wgBackendResponseTime":169,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.252","walltime":"0.434","ppvisitednodes":{"value":1011,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":7205,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":463,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":10,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":10,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":0,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":4899,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 207.223 1 -total"," 37.99% 78.716 1 תבנית:פירוש_נוסף"," 26.99% 55.921 1 תבנית:MathWorld"," 17.54% 36.341 2 תבנית:תיאור_ויקינתונים"," 17.47% 36.197 1 תבנית:מילה_ראשונה"," 16.66% 34.532 4 תבנית:ויקינתונים"," 11.02% 22.838 1 תבנית:בקרת_זהויות"," 10.37% 21.487 1 תבנית:אנציקלופדיה_למתמטיקה"," 8.47% 17.551 3 תבנית:אנגלית"," 7.43% 15.397 3 תבנית:שפת_קישור"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.067","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":2208285,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.eqiad.main-5dc468848-nz4sh","timestamp":"20241123125531","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"\u05d0\u05d9\u05d6\u05d5\u05de\u05d5\u05e8\u05e4\u05d9\u05d6\u05dd","url":"https:\/\/he.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D7%90%D7%99%D7%96%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%96%D7%9D","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q189112","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q189112","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"\u05ea\u05d5\u05e8\u05de\u05d9\u05dd \u05dc\u05de\u05d9\u05d6\u05de\u05d9 \u05d5\u05d9\u05e7\u05d9\u05de\u05d3\u05d9\u05d4"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2005-04-06T13:15:09Z","dateModified":"2023-02-07T10:09:40Z","headline":"\u05d4\u05ea\u05d0\u05de\u05d4 \u05d1\u05d9\u05df \u05de\u05d1\u05e0\u05d9\u05dd \u05de\u05ea\u05de\u05d8\u05d9\u05d9\u05dd"}</script> </body> </html>