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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p> The <b>1924 <a href="/wiki/Dover_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dover (UK Parliament constituency)">Dover</a> by-election</b> was held on 12 March 1924, but only one candidate, the incumbent <a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)" title="Conservative Party (UK)">Conservative</a> MP, <a href="/wiki/John_Jacob_Astor,_1st_Baron_Astor_of_Hever" title="John Jacob Astor, 1st Baron Astor of Hever">John Jacob Astor</a>, was nominated and so was returned unopposed. </p><p>Astor had been most recently elected to the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Commons_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="House of Commons of the United Kingdom">House of Commons of the United Kingdom</a> in the <a href="/wiki/1923_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1923 United Kingdom general election">general election on 6 December 1923</a> but had not yet taken the <a href="/wiki/Oath_of_Allegiance_(United_Kingdom)#Parliamentarians" title="Oath of Allegiance (United Kingdom)">oath of allegiance</a>, required by the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Parliamentary_Oaths_Act_1866&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Parliamentary Oaths Act 1866 (page does not exist)">Parliamentary Oaths Act 1866</a> to be taken after each election. Speaking or voting in the House before taking the oath meant that not only would the Member be fined £500, their seat would also be vacated "as if he were dead", so prompting a <a href="/wiki/By-election" title="By-election">by-election</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-CBP7515_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CBP7515-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 4 March, as Astor explained in a letter to his local newspaper, he inadvertently walked through the <a href="/wiki/Division_of_the_assembly#United_Kingdom" title="Division of the assembly">division lobby</a> to vote whilst engaged in conversation with fellow MPs.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Accordingly, the Speaker issued a warrant for a writ for a new election on 6 March.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The by-election was held on 12 March as only one candidate, Astor, was nominated.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Astor took the oath the next day.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This was the most recent time a by-election has been caused by a Member speaking or voting before taking the oath.<sup id="cite_ref-CBP7515_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CBP7515-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1924_Dover_by-election&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-CBP7515-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CBP7515_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CBP7515_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFMichael_EverettDanielle_Nash2016" class="citation web cs1">Michael Everett; Danielle Nash (26 February 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://researchbriefings.files.parliament.uk/documents/CBP-7515/CBP-7515.pdf">"The Parliamentary Oath (CBP7515)"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/House_of_Commons_Library" title="House of Commons Library">House of Commons Library</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Parliamentary+Oath+%28CBP7515%29&rft.pub=House+of+Commons+Library&rft.date=2016-02-26&rft.au=Michael+Everett&rft.au=Danielle+Nash&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fresearchbriefings.files.parliament.uk%2Fdocuments%2FCBP-7515%2FCBP-7515.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1924+Dover+by-election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"Prospects of a Dover Election". Parliament. <i>The Times</i>. London. 7 March 1924. col G, p. 7.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times&rft.atitle=Prospects+of+a+Dover+Election&rft.pages=col+G%2C+p.-7&rft.date=1924-03-07&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1924+Dover+by-election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hansard.parliament.uk/html/Commons/1924-03-06/CommonsChamber#1563">HC Deb, 6 March 1924 c1563</a> </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCookCookRamsden2013" class="citation book cs1">Cook, Dr Chris; Cook, Chris; Ramsden, John (5 November 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=wX77AQAAQBAJ&q=1924+Dover+by-election&pg=PT58"><i>By-Elections in British Politics</i></a>. Taylor & Francis. p. 58. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781134225491" title="Special:BookSources/9781134225491"><bdi>9781134225491</bdi></a> – via Google books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=By-Elections+in+British+Politics&rft.pages=58&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=2013-11-05&rft.isbn=9781134225491&rft.aulast=Cook&rft.aufirst=Dr+Chris&rft.au=Cook%2C+Chris&rft.au=Ramsden%2C+John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DwX77AQAAQBAJ%26q%3D1924%2BDover%2Bby-election%26pg%3DPT58&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1924+Dover+by-election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1">"13th March". <i>Journal of the House of Commons</i>. <b>179</b>: 89. 1924.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+House+of+Commons&rft.atitle=13th+March&rft.volume=179&rft.pages=89&rft.date=1924&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1924+Dover+by-election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol 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href="/wiki/List_of_MPs_elected_in_the_1923_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="List of MPs elected in the 1923 United Kingdom general election">33rd Parliament of the United Kingdom</a></span> <span style="font-size:85%;">» <i><a href="/wiki/Template:By-elections_to_the_34th_UK_Parliament" title="Template:By-elections to the 34th UK Parliament">34th Parliament</a></i> »</span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1924</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>February: <a href="/wiki/1924_City_of_London_by-election" title="1924 City of London by-election">City of London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1924_Burnley_by-election" title="1924 Burnley by-election">Burnley</a></li> <li>March: <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Dover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1924_Westminster_Abbey_by-election" title="1924 Westminster Abbey by-election">Westminster Abbey</a></li> <li>May: <a href="/wiki/1924_Liverpool_West_Toxteth_by-election" title="1924 Liverpool West Toxteth by-election">Liverpool West Toxteth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1924_Glasgow_Kelvingrove_by-election" title="1924 Glasgow Kelvingrove by-election">Glasgow Kelvingrove</a></li> <li>June: <a href="/wiki/1924_Oxford_by-election" title="1924 Oxford by-election">Oxford</a></li> <li>July: <a href="/wiki/1924_Lewes_by-election" title="1924 Lewes by-election">Lewes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1924_Holland_with_Boston_by-election" title="1924 Holland with Boston by-election">Holland with Boston</a></li> <li>August: <a href="/wiki/1924_Carmarthen_by-election" title="1924 Carmarthen by-election">Carmarthen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <dl><dt>Lists of UK by-elections</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_Kingdom_by-elections_(1801%E2%80%931806)" title="List of United Kingdom by-elections (1801–1806)">1801–1806</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_Kingdom_by-elections_(1806%E2%80%931818)" title="List of United Kingdom by-elections (1806–1818)">1806–1818</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_Kingdom_by-elections_(1818%E2%80%931832)" title="List of United Kingdom by-elections (1818–1832)">1818–1832</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_Kingdom_by-elections_(1832%E2%80%931847)" title="List of United Kingdom by-elections (1832–1847)">1832–1847</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_Kingdom_by-elections_(1847%E2%80%931857)" title="List of United Kingdom by-elections (1847–1857)">1847–1857</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_Kingdom_by-elections_(1857%E2%80%931868)" title="List of United Kingdom by-elections (1857–1868)">1857–1868</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_Kingdom_by-elections_(1868%E2%80%931885)" title="List of United Kingdom by-elections (1868–1885)">1868–1885</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_Kingdom_by-elections_(1885%E2%80%931900)" title="List of United Kingdom by-elections (1885–1900)">1885–1900</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_Kingdom_by-elections_(1900%E2%80%931918)" title="List of United Kingdom by-elections (1900–1918)">1900–1918</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_Kingdom_by-elections_(1918%E2%80%931931)" title="List of United Kingdom by-elections (1918–1931)">1918–1931</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_Kingdom_by-elections_(1931%E2%80%931950)" title="List of United Kingdom by-elections (1931–1950)">1931–1950</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_Kingdom_by-elections_(1950%E2%80%931979)" title="List of United Kingdom by-elections (1950–1979)">1950–1979</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_Kingdom_by-elections_(1979%E2%80%932010)" title="List of United Kingdom by-elections (1979–2010)">1979–2010</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_Kingdom_by-elections_(2010%E2%80%93present)" title="List of United Kingdom by-elections (2010–present)">2010–present</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Northern_Ireland#Westminster_by-elections" title="Elections in Northern Ireland">Northern Ireland</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/By-elections_to_the_House_of_Lords" title="By-elections to the House of Lords">Hereditary peers</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p><br /> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1012311289">.mw-parser-output .asbox{position:relative;overflow:hidden}.mw-parser-output .asbox table{background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .asbox p{margin:0}.mw-parser-output .asbox p+p{margin-top:0.25em}.mw-parser-output .asbox-body{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output .asbox-note{font-size:smaller}.mw-parser-output .asbox .navbar{position:absolute;top:-0.75em;right:1em;display:none}</style><div role="note" class="metadata plainlinks asbox stub"><table role="presentation"><tbody><tr class="noresize"><td><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg" 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